Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

ATD 724-747

2008-10-20T08:36:29Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 728 */ Topinambur wikipedia link

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomites Dolomites].

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione Francesco Squarcione] (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua).

'''Mantegna''' 
[http://www.wga.hu/bio/m/mantegna/biograph.html Andrea Mantegna] (1431-1505) was an Italian Renaissance artist. He was one of the foremost north Italian painters of the 15th century. A master of perspective and foreshortening, Mantegna made important contributions to the compositional technigues of Renaissance painting.

'''the famed Paduan collector and impresario''' 
ie. Mantegna. Mentegna studied and worked between 1441-1459 at Padua, a city of northeast Italy west of Venice. At that time in Padua there was much interest in collecting and studying Roman antiquities. Padua was an important cultural center during the Middle Ages and was known for its artistic and architectural works by Giotto, Mantegna and Donatello. Galileo taught at its university from 1592 to 1610.

'''On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Lost Lands''' 
a fictitious place in the Lagoon?

'''''The Sack of Rome''''' 
a fictitious mural artwork?

'''''caorlina''''' 
I suspect this is a typo, and should be ''carolina'' which is a small boat, a skiff. In the context, this one is steam-powered.

"caorlina" in fact appears to be accurate according to this description: [http://www.doge.it/regata/regata50i.htm#9 caorlina]- 
Caorlina is indeed a kind of rowing boat, which derives its name from the town of Caorle, near Venice. Nowadays it can be seen exclusively during the traditional "Regata Storica" (Historical Regatta) held every year in Venice

'''Marco Zoppo''' 
[http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?34000 Marco Zoppo] (1433-1478), another Paduan painter. An innovator with a very personal style with rich artistic inventiveness. His reputation as an artist diminished gradually in the past, but his contributions to Venetian painting and book illumination have now been recognized.

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''Cannareggio''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: Cannareggio]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "fireflies", and common slang for "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs". It should be "squadre" because the word is feminine.

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''''forcheta''''' 
Although on page 582 there is one ''foschetta'' here it doesn't fit in. It should be "forchetta" in Italian and the meaning is "fork", but here it refers obviously to the resting place of the oars on the side of the gondola (due to the form, similar to a fork). The omission of a double consonant is typical of the dialect of north-eastern Italy.

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination. 
Hottentot was the former, colonial name of the Khoekhoe of modern Namibia who together with the Hereros were the object of German genocide from 1904 to 1907. For Reef, it was a current event. Pynchon mentions the Hereros in both ''V.'' and ''GR''.

'''Antietam''' 
It refers to the Battle of Antietam in the American Civil War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam The Battle of Antietam] was an important Union battle in the War and fought on September 17, 1862 near Antietam Creek in Maryland. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history with almost 23,000 casualties, and Union victory (although McClellan failed to follow up) permitted Lincoln to issue a preliminary Emancipation Declaration. Earlier important battles include Grant's successes at Ft. Donelson [February 1862] and Shiloh [April 1862](although this victory too was not followed up).

==Page 728==

'''San Polo''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: San Polo]].

'''Rialto bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_439|page 439: Nuovo Rialto]].

'''''bisi''''' 
Venetian dialect: "peas".

'''''campo''''' 
a large square.

'''Ca' Spongiatosta''' 
Casa Spongiatosta: House of Princess Spongiatosta. (see page 582).

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_artichoke Wikipedia]). It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''Friuli''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friuli Friuli] is a region in northeast Italy next to Slovenia and Austria.

'''Treviso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treviso Treviso] is a town in the Veneto region of Italy.

'''radicchio''' 
a chicory of a red variety with variegated leaves.

'''verza''' 
Italian: cabbage.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks" "good luck, boys"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''the Britannia, once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli''' 
Originally a 19th century residence, the Britannia hotel is situated behind Rome's famous Opera House. As far as its being once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli... 
A rich history in this 18th or 19th-century building on the Grand Canal. [http://www.willetholthuysen.nl/reizen.php?id=6 Here is a photo] of it, circa 1868, as the Hotel Barbesi. Apparently it and two contiguous properties have been [http://www.starwoodpressclub.com/index.php?id=35&no_cache=1&L=5&tx_ttnews%5Bhid%5D=82&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=776&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=54&cHash=6a654b2302 in hotel service ever since] (1868 Barbesi, 1881 Britannia, 1930s Regina, 1938 Europa & Britannia, 1976 Europa & Regina, now Westin Europa & Regina). [http://www.starwoodhotels.com/westin/property/photos/index.html?propertyID=75#photo_section_0Link This Westin page] contains many photos; click the very first thumbnail. The structure that used to be the Britannia is on the right.

'''offer old Barkie the light''' 
"offer the light" is a cricket term where the umpire asks the batsmen if they wish to continue playing in poor light conditions. But who's "old Barkie"? Often, wooden boats are affectionately nicknamed "old Barkie," but...

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it. It is also known as an unlucky number, thirteen away from century (100 runs), in which many batsmen get out.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on [[ATD_615-643#Page_623|page 623 (see annotations).]]

'''Florian's''' 
A café in San Marco Sqaure.

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids", but it should be "cameriere" since it is a plural feminine, while the ending -i is masculine plural. Usually the word means "waiter" / "waitress".
''In fact, "camerieri" is right: its literal meaning is indeed "chamber-servant", both male (cameriere/i) and female (cameriera/e), but nowadays it is most commonly used to indicate a waiter (waitress) or a butler''

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge. 
Which makes the device a toasted marshmallow?

==Page 732==

'''Pearl Street''' 
The location of the headquarters of Vibe Corp. [[ATD_318-335#Page_333|See annotations, p. 333.]]

'''daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night''' 
An echo of the "daylit fiction" of the Columbian Exposition, is a vision of always-optimistic, boosterism, positive thinking America, in Pynchon's mind, which has not internalized its own darkness, it seems. Cf. The novel's epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

'''Quadri's''' 
''Gran Caffè Ristorante'' in Venice. [http://www.venetia.it/quadri/index.htm Quadri] has been considered a symbol of gastronomic excellence directly overlooking St. Mark's Square. 
Quadri (like square or quad) is also a pun on the ever present "4."

'''Lavena''' 
[http://www.venetia.it/lavena/index.htm ''Caffè Lavena''] at Piazza St. Marco, Venice.

'''the D.and D.''' 

Deaf and Dumb

'''a Cavour''' 
A cigar brand.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "pub" or any other place where you can drink and eat at all hours.

zuppa di peoci 
Italian: Venetian mussel soup

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: vulgar for "penis" and used extensively as interjection in a manner similar to the English words "fuck" or "fucking."

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''Marienbad''' 
German for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B Mariánské Lézně], a spa town in the Carlsbad Region of the Czech Republic. The town's Golden Era was in the second half of the 19th century, when many celebrities and top European rulers came to enjoy the curative carbon dioxide springs.

'''Salzburg''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg Salzburg], the birthplace of Mozart, is the fourth-largest city in Austria. It is located in the western Austria at the border with Germany. Its "Old Town", a UNESCO World Heritge Site, is well-known for its baroque architecture. The 1965 movie ''The Sound of Music'' drew ambivalent reactions from the citizens of Salzburg: the film is too tacky for their taste but it is also Salzburg's fattest cash cow.

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Rigby Nitro Express''' 
A big game rifle cartridge. Black powder as the propellant in cartridges began to be replaced by smokeless powder/Cordite in the 1880s. Firearms maker John Rigby & Co. of Dublin, renowned for "elephant guns," got into the ammunition line late in the century, and some of the cartridges the firm brought out a century ago are still in use. The .350 Rigby Nitro Express came on the market in 1908. Other Rigby products are the .416 Rigby, still a standard, and the .470 Rigby, introduced in 1907. Problem: According to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_(company) Wikipedia entry] on the company, the only .450 Rigby cartridge appeared in 1995. But (there's always a "but") the [http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_&_Co ''Swedish'' Wikipedia] confirms a .450 Rigby Nitro Express produced from 1897 on.

These rounds could stop a rhino dead in his tracks and might have been effective against a plutocrat.

'''Henry Clay Frick''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay_Frick Henry Clay Frick] (1849-1919) was an American industrialist and art patron. In 1881, he and Andrew Carnegie formed a partnership between H.C. Frick & Co and Carnegie Steel Co. with Frick in charge of the Steel Company's operations. The 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestead_Steel_Strike Homestead Steel Strike] was mishandled by Frick, and he soon became a target of radical anarchists and others.

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman Alexander Berkmann] (1870-1936), also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

'''drygulchin'd''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_643|page 643: drygulched]].

==Page 738==

'''the San Marcuola stop''' 
[http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-027 Photo of the Canal Grande at San Marcuola vaporetto stop].

'''Laguna Morte''' 
Dead Lagoon.

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way". It should be "macché".

==Page 739==

'''''La macchina infernale''''' 
"Infernal machine"; a (particularly 19th century) term for explosive devices used for terrorist attacks. The most famous example is "La conspiration de la machine infernale", or "Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise", an assassination plot against Napoleon that failed in 1800
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_Rue_Saint-Nicaise wikipedia]).
Earlier in the book, we have encountered Tancredi working on "Preliminary Studies" toward such a machine (see page 585f.)

'''Bresci''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaetano_Bresci Gaetano Bresci] (1869-1901), an Italian-American anarchist who assassinated Italian King Umberto I on July 29, 1900. He died in prison.

'''Luccheni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Lucheni Luigi Lucheni] (1873-1910), an Italian anarchist who stabbed, with a frayed file, to death the Austrian Empress Elizabeth in Geneva, Switzerland, on Septem 10, 1898. He later died in prison.

'''bad news rolling up the rails''' 
cf p. 41: "Most people have a wheel riding on a wire, or some rails in the street [...], to keep them moving in the direction of their destiny". Inevitability?

==Page 740==

'''Torino''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin Torino], ''Turin'', is a major industrial city as well as a business and cultural center in northern Italy. It is the home of the headquarters of Fiat and host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. It was the first capital of Italy.

'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm Gaulois].

'''Riva''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_575|page 575: Riva]].

==Page 741==

'''the Procuratie''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procuratie_Nuove The Procuraties] are three connected buildings on St Mark's Square in Venice. They are historic buildings over arcades and also connected to St Mark's Clocktower.

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

'''susurrance''' 
A murmur or whisper. From the Latin ''susurrare'', to whisper.

'''Strauss Jr.''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II Johann Strauss Jr.] (1825-1899) was an Austrian composer known especially for his waltzes, such as ''On the Beautiful Blue Danube, Tales from the Vienna Woods'' and ''Emperor Waltz''.

'''Luigi Denza''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_353|page 353: Luigi Denza]].

'''Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermanno_Wolf-Ferrari Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari] (1876-1948) was an Italian composer, best known for his comic operas.

==Page 742==

'''paletot''' 
an overcoat.

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

'''''teppisti''''' 
thugs.

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''''Via, via!''''' 
Come on, come on!

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
The Buddha is said to have taught, "Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one getting burned." Contributor researching source text.

'''Glisentis''' 
A pistol manufactured by Glisentis Company of Italy

==Page 743==

'''''assassini''''' 
hitmen; murderers

'''''Batti! batti la faccia''''' 
Beat! beat the face.

'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Set right, made square, rendered unidirectional.

:Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

:"Rectification" is a buzzword used in Henry James' ''The Princess Casamassima,'' where it seems to mean doing away with the class system.

'''''foschia''''' 
Italian: "haze"

'''Empress Elisabeth''' 
Austrian Empress Elizabeth was stabbed to death by Luigi Lucheni on September 10, 1898. Cf page 739.

'''King Umberto''' 
Italian King Umberto was shot on July 29, 1900 by Gaetano Bresci. Cf page 739.

==Page 744==

'''the Bauer-Grünwald''' 
The Bauer-Grünwald Hotel in Venice. It is a five-star luxurious hotel located a few minutes walk from San Marco Square. Cf page 136 & page 576.

'''Pommery''' 
A high-class French champagne. [http://www.thewinedoctor.com/champagne/pommery.shtml Pommery].

==Page 745==

'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1) in buying and selling for profit. 2) To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

'''''stranniki''''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|page 663: ''stranniki'']]

==Page 746==

'''the Ponte degli Scalzi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_degli_Scalzi The Ponte degli Scalzi] is one of the only three bridges in Venice to span the Grand Canal. It connects the districts of Santa Croce and Cannaregio. The Italian words mean ''Bridge of the Barefoot''.

'''Giudecca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giudecca Giudecca] is an island in the Venetian Lagoon lying immediately south of the central islands, from which is is separated by the Giudecca Canal.

'''''Stromboli''''' 
An Italian warship. It was an Etna Class Protected Cruiser, launched on February 4, 1886 and sold for disposal on March 10, 1907. See [http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/italian_cruisers.htm Italian Cruisers].

'''''traghetti''''' 
ferries.

'''the Zattere''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: Zattere]]. The Zattere, a long ''riva'' (river bank) extending from the basin of San Marco to San Basilio, has a panoramic view of the island of San Giorgio and the whole of the Giudecca island with Palladio's churches.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Chirico Giorgio de Chirico's] painting: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse_%28The_Melancholy_of_Departure%29 ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)''], dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

File:Venedig-Vienna.jpg

2008-10-19T17:26:59Z

WolfgangFaber: links to more photo, point out anachronism

''Venedig in Wien'' ("Venice in Vienna")

In 1895, the amusement area "Venice in Vienna” was established, in whose midst one of the landmarks of the city, the Riesenrad, appeared in 1897. The Prater became a place where everyone finds enjoyment.

The "better” class of people came here in their horse-drawn carriages, military cadets and laundry girls met on secret dates, one found barrel organs, Heurigen singers and ladies orchestras – and some of the great composers of their time, such as the Waltz King Johann Strauss or the composers Joseph Lanner and Carl Michael Ziehrer performed here.

[http://www.wien.info/article.asp?IDArticle=13358&austria=1&site=us From this website.]

A somewhat more comprehensive description (in German) is [http://www.ziel2wien.at/dt/blog/index.php?blogId=5436&myBlogId=192 here], there are also [http://www.ziel2wien.at/dt/blog/index.php?blogId=5436&&myBlogId=192&objectTyp=1 photos and a map]. On these photos the fake Venice looks fairly credible, with one notable exception: Handrails along the canals.

This page reveals one temporal problem: Apparently the Venetian buildings were torn down in 1901, and in 1902 the area was restructured into "Blumenstadt" ("Flower City") and 1902 into "Elektrische Stadt" ("Electric City").

ATD 695-723

2008-10-19T17:00:12Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 716 */ replace misleading comment (Mariahilf may well be the name of a hotel, in the book it clearly refers to the district)

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, and was indexed as youth-endangering text in Germany in 1982, which was overruled in 1990 by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Mutzenbacher Wikipedia]

The popularity in the 1970s has mostly been due to the homonymous movie version directed by Kurt Nachmann, which cleverly circumvented censorship by creating optical metaphors. The movie (rated 18+) became a classic and led actress Christine Schuberth (portraying the main character as a young adult) to minor stardom. Many follow-ups (also of openly pornographic nature) have been produced since.

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks.
: This is a misunderstanding. "Stift" (being a contraction of "Stiftung") roughly translates to "foundation," in the sense of a privately funded organization or structure. The first foundation at the location of today's Stiftskaserne was an orphanage. It was later converted into an engineering academy and eventually into barracks. So it would rather mean "Foundation Barracks".

Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

There is a famous (well, in Austria) song known as ''Fiakerlied'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Pick Gustav Pick], composed for the 100-year celebration of the Fiaker's guild in Prater, and sung on this occasion by the well-known actor Alexander Girardi. It became a classic piece of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrammelmusik Schrammel music], and for some time something like an inofficial hymn of Vienna; at least the chorus ("I bin hoid a echts Weana Kind" - "I'm just a genuine child of Vienna") is still very well-known.
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWmt-cMYADo A pre-1920 recording of Alexander Girardi singing the Fiakerlied.]

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Some sort of strange sheep's-milk cheese from Crotona''' 
There is ''pecorino crotonese'', but I don't see what would be strange about it. A strange cheese from Calabria (the region in which Crotone is located) is ''casu du quagghiu'', which contains live larvae and is also made of sheep milk. This kind of cheese can apparently be found all over Italy, the most well-known variant being ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu casu marzu]'' from Sardinia.

But maybe this phrase should just allude to something Pythagorean (Pythagoras and his followers were based in Crotone, then called Kroton).

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]

In 1907 Viennese a nifty schema for tramway lines was introduced, which (with some simplifications and modifications) more or less is still in use today ([http://xover.mud.at/~tramway/cafe/l.pdf extensive description in German]). It basically assigns numbers to radial and tangential (with respect to the city center) lines. The city center itself is surrounded by the innermost "circle" of this system, formed by Ring and Kai (along the Donaukanal, a branch of the Danube). Several tram lines went on radial routes to this inner circle, ran on it, and then go radial again. In order to know whether the tram turns right or left when reachig the inner circle,
index K indicated "towards Kai" and R "towards Ring". Apart from "far out" everything would work here, all K lines reach the Kai, and Dianabad is just across the Donaukanal from the Kai.

Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad.

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

These words are rather colloquial, but typical for Germany. Viennese people, especially in those times would rather not have used them, but for instance "Gfüda" ("Gefüllter" - "stuffed one"), "Blader" ("blad" [blah-d] is Viennese jargon for "corpulent"), or (ruder) "blade Sau" ("fat pig"). Then again, the callers could have been people from Germany.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariahilf Mariahilf] is the name of Vienna's sixth district.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2008-10-19T16:41:31Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 715 */ Dickwanst, Fettarsch not very Austrian

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, and was indexed as youth-endangering text in Germany in 1982, which was overruled in 1990 by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Mutzenbacher Wikipedia]

The popularity in the 1970s has mostly been due to the homonymous movie version directed by Kurt Nachmann, which cleverly circumvented censorship by creating optical metaphors. The movie (rated 18+) became a classic and led actress Christine Schuberth (portraying the main character as a young adult) to minor stardom. Many follow-ups (also of openly pornographic nature) have been produced since.

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks.
: This is a misunderstanding. "Stift" (being a contraction of "Stiftung") roughly translates to "foundation," in the sense of a privately funded organization or structure. The first foundation at the location of today's Stiftskaserne was an orphanage. It was later converted into an engineering academy and eventually into barracks. So it would rather mean "Foundation Barracks".

Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

There is a famous (well, in Austria) song known as ''Fiakerlied'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Pick Gustav Pick], composed for the 100-year celebration of the Fiaker's guild in Prater, and sung on this occasion by the well-known actor Alexander Girardi. It became a classic piece of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrammelmusik Schrammel music], and for some time something like an inofficial hymn of Vienna; at least the chorus ("I bin hoid a echts Weana Kind" - "I'm just a genuine child of Vienna") is still very well-known.
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWmt-cMYADo A pre-1920 recording of Alexander Girardi singing the Fiakerlied.]

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Some sort of strange sheep's-milk cheese from Crotona''' 
There is ''pecorino crotonese'', but I don't see what would be strange about it. A strange cheese from Calabria (the region in which Crotone is located) is ''casu du quagghiu'', which contains live larvae and is also made of sheep milk. This kind of cheese can apparently be found all over Italy, the most well-known variant being ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu casu marzu]'' from Sardinia.

But maybe this phrase should just allude to something Pythagorean (Pythagoras and his followers were based in Crotone, then called Kroton).

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]

In 1907 Viennese a nifty schema for tramway lines was introduced, which (with some simplifications and modifications) more or less is still in use today ([http://xover.mud.at/~tramway/cafe/l.pdf extensive description in German]). It basically assigns numbers to radial and tangential (with respect to the city center) lines. The city center itself is surrounded by the innermost "circle" of this system, formed by Ring and Kai (along the Donaukanal, a branch of the Danube). Several tram lines went on radial routes to this inner circle, ran on it, and then go radial again. In order to know whether the tram turns right or left when reachig the inner circle,
index K indicated "towards Kai" and R "towards Ring". Apart from "far out" everything would work here, all K lines reach the Kai, and Dianabad is just across the Donaukanal from the Kai.

Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad.

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

These words are rather colloquial, but typical for Germany. Viennese people, especially in those times would rather not have used them, but for instance "Gfüda" ("Gefüllter" - "stuffed one"), "Blader" ("blad" [blah-d] is Viennese jargon for "corpulent"), or (ruder) "blade Sau" ("fat pig"). Then again, the callers could have been people from Germany.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
An Austrian hotel located closed to the main railway station, Westbahnhof.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2008-10-19T16:21:18Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 714 */ Explain "K lines"

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, and was indexed as youth-endangering text in Germany in 1982, which was overruled in 1990 by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Mutzenbacher Wikipedia]

The popularity in the 1970s has mostly been due to the homonymous movie version directed by Kurt Nachmann, which cleverly circumvented censorship by creating optical metaphors. The movie (rated 18+) became a classic and led actress Christine Schuberth (portraying the main character as a young adult) to minor stardom. Many follow-ups (also of openly pornographic nature) have been produced since.

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks.
: This is a misunderstanding. "Stift" (being a contraction of "Stiftung") roughly translates to "foundation," in the sense of a privately funded organization or structure. The first foundation at the location of today's Stiftskaserne was an orphanage. It was later converted into an engineering academy and eventually into barracks. So it would rather mean "Foundation Barracks".

Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

There is a famous (well, in Austria) song known as ''Fiakerlied'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Pick Gustav Pick], composed for the 100-year celebration of the Fiaker's guild in Prater, and sung on this occasion by the well-known actor Alexander Girardi. It became a classic piece of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrammelmusik Schrammel music], and for some time something like an inofficial hymn of Vienna; at least the chorus ("I bin hoid a echts Weana Kind" - "I'm just a genuine child of Vienna") is still very well-known.
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWmt-cMYADo A pre-1920 recording of Alexander Girardi singing the Fiakerlied.]

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Some sort of strange sheep's-milk cheese from Crotona''' 
There is ''pecorino crotonese'', but I don't see what would be strange about it. A strange cheese from Calabria (the region in which Crotone is located) is ''casu du quagghiu'', which contains live larvae and is also made of sheep milk. This kind of cheese can apparently be found all over Italy, the most well-known variant being ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu casu marzu]'' from Sardinia.

But maybe this phrase should just allude to something Pythagorean (Pythagoras and his followers were based in Crotone, then called Kroton).

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]

In 1907 Viennese a nifty schema for tramway lines was introduced, which (with some simplifications and modifications) more or less is still in use today ([http://xover.mud.at/~tramway/cafe/l.pdf extensive description in German]). It basically assigns numbers to radial and tangential (with respect to the city center) lines. The city center itself is surrounded by the innermost "circle" of this system, formed by Ring and Kai (along the Donaukanal, a branch of the Danube). Several tram lines went on radial routes to this inner circle, ran on it, and then go radial again. In order to know whether the tram turns right or left when reachig the inner circle,
index K indicated "towards Kai" and R "towards Ring". Apart from "far out" everything would work here, all K lines reach the Kai, and Dianabad is just across the Donaukanal from the Kai.

Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad.

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
An Austrian hotel located closed to the main railway station, Westbahnhof.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2008-10-19T13:38:39Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 703 */ mention a particular Fiakerlied

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, and was indexed as youth-endangering text in Germany in 1982, which was overruled in 1990 by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Mutzenbacher Wikipedia]

The popularity in the 1970s has mostly been due to the homonymous movie version directed by Kurt Nachmann, which cleverly circumvented censorship by creating optical metaphors. The movie (rated 18+) became a classic and led actress Christine Schuberth (portraying the main character as a young adult) to minor stardom. Many follow-ups (also of openly pornographic nature) have been produced since.

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks.
: This is a misunderstanding. "Stift" (being a contraction of "Stiftung") roughly translates to "foundation," in the sense of a privately funded organization or structure. The first foundation at the location of today's Stiftskaserne was an orphanage. It was later converted into an engineering academy and eventually into barracks. So it would rather mean "Foundation Barracks".

Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

There is a famous (well, in Austria) song known as ''Fiakerlied'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Pick Gustav Pick], composed for the 100-year celebration of the Fiaker's guild in Prater, and sung on this occasion by the well-known actor Alexander Girardi. It became a classic piece of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrammelmusik Schrammel music], and for some time something like an inofficial hymn of Vienna; at least the chorus ("I bin hoid a echts Weana Kind" - "I'm just a genuine child of Vienna") is still very well-known.
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWmt-cMYADo A pre-1920 recording of Alexander Girardi singing the Fiakerlied.]

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Some sort of strange sheep's-milk cheese from Crotona''' 
There is ''pecorino crotonese'', but I don't see what would be strange about it. A strange cheese from Calabria (the region in which Crotone is located) is ''casu du quagghiu'', which contains live larvae and is also made of sheep milk. This kind of cheese can apparently be found all over Italy, the most well-known variant being ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu casu marzu]'' from Sardinia.

But maybe this phrase should just allude to something Pythagorean (Pythagoras and his followers were based in Crotone, then called Kroton).

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]
[http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai). 
Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad. 

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
An Austrian hotel located closed to the main railway station, Westbahnhof.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2008-10-19T12:39:52Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 702 */ add comment on J.M. movie

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, and was indexed as youth-endangering text in Germany in 1982, which was overruled in 1990 by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Mutzenbacher Wikipedia]

The popularity in the 1970s has mostly been due to the homonymous movie version directed by Kurt Nachmann, which cleverly circumvented censorship by creating optical metaphors. The movie (rated 18+) became a classic and led actress Christine Schuberth (portraying the main character as a young adult) to minor stardom. Many follow-ups (also of openly pornographic nature) have been produced since.

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks. Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Some sort of strange sheep's-milk cheese from Crotona''' 
There is ''pecorino crotonese'', but I don't see what would be strange about it. A strange cheese from Calabria (the region in which Crotone is located) is ''casu du quagghiu'', which contains live larvae and is also made of sheep milk. This kind of cheese can apparently be found all over Italy, the most well-known variant being ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu casu marzu]'' from Sardinia.

But maybe this phrase should just allude to something Pythagorean (Pythagoras and his followers were based in Crotone, then called Kroton).

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]
[http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai). 
Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad. 

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
An Austrian hotel located closed to the main railway station, Westbahnhof.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2008-10-19T12:05:01Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 706 */ comment on strange cheese from Crotona

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks. Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Some sort of strange sheep's-milk cheese from Crotona''' 
There is ''pecorino crotonese'', but I don't see what would be strange about it. A strange cheese from Calabria (the region in which Crotone is located) is ''casu du quagghiu'', which contains live larvae and is also made of sheep milk. This kind of cheese can apparently be found all over Italy, the most well-known variant being ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu casu marzu]'' from Sardinia.

But maybe this phrase should just allude to something Pythagorean (Pythagoras and his followers were based in Crotone, then called Kroton).

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]
[http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai). 
Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad. 

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
An Austrian hotel located closed to the main railway station, Westbahnhof.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2008-10-19T01:13:58Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 705 */ mention Sacher-Masoch

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks. Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]
[http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai). 
Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad. 

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
An Austrian hotel located closed to the main railway station, Westbahnhof.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2008-10-19T00:51:24Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 699 */ location of Jewish quarter wrt Prater

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks. Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]
[http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai). 
Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad. 

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
An Austrian hotel located closed to the main railway station, Westbahnhof.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2008-10-19T00:36:11Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 698 */ comment on Capuziner and Viennese coffee vocabulary

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks. Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]
[http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai). 
Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad. 

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
An Austrian hotel located closed to the main railway station, Westbahnhof.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 678-694

2008-10-18T14:06:50Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 680 */ note on sowieso

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 678==

'''''Whitechapel . . . Ripping . . .'' murders of the late '80s''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitechapel Whitechapel] is an inner city district east of Charing Cross, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.
The heart of the district is Whitechapel Road itself, named for a small chapel of ease dedicated to St. Mary. In Victorian era Whitechapel area was full of poor English country stock which was swelled by large number of immigrants. This endemic poverty drove many women to prostitution. Such prostitutes were the victims of the serial killer known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper Jack the Ripper] who terrorised this part of London in the autumn of 1888.

'''''Piggott's'' should have such 'bags'''' 
Baedeker's ''London'' for 1900 shows ''Pigott's'' as a tailor and general outfitter at 177 Cheapside. "Bags" is university slang for trousers.

'''the Strand''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.ord/wiki/Strand,_London The Strand] is the popular name of a street in London called ''Strand''. It derives its name from the Old English "shore" or "river bank". It currently starts at Trafalgar Square and runs east to join Fleet Street at Temple Bar. There are many prominent buildings, churches, and palaces along the street.

'''exhibiting that sinister British craving for the dark and shiny...''' 
Perhaps an Orwellian reference here:

:'It's this bloody thing that does it,' she said, ripping off the scarlet sash of the Junior Anti-Sex League and flinging it on to a bough. Then, as though touching her waist had reminded her of something, she felt in the pocket of her overalls and produced a small slab of chocolate. She broke it in half and gave one of the pieces to Winston. Even before he had taken it he knew by the smell that it was very unusual chocolate. '''It was dark and shiny''', and was wrapped in silver paper.<ref>''1984'', George Orwell, 1948, Ch. X</ref>

The whole paragraph also recalls the Velvet Underground Song ''Venus in Furs'' [http://www.lyricsdomain.com/22/velvet_underground/shiny_shiny_shiny_boots_of_leather.html Lyrics], a hymn of the SM/Fetish-scene: "dark and shiny... patent boots... [http://www.lorraineelement.com/links.htm mackintoshes]..." reads like catchwords from the covers of [http://www.atomage.co.uk/index.html Atomage Magazine], whose editor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sutcliffe_%28designer%29 John Sutcliffe], btw, did the costumes for the TV-Series [http://dissolute.com.au/avweb/fashion1.html The Avengers].

'''...students of the chimpanzee...''' 
A stretch? According to a paper done by Arthur W. Epstein (1987), (male) chimpanzees and other primates might develop a fetish: "The endowing of an object with ... [erotic associations] has been noted in a zoo-dwelling chimpanzee ... who displayed sexual arousal toward one specific object, a rubber boot.... The chimpanzee quickly approached, gazed at the boot and handled it. The penis became erect and was touched to the boot. Shortly thereafter, manual self-stimulation and ejaculation occurred. The ejaculate was then consumed. This response was said to be invariable and occurred whether the boot was worn by a keeper or simply placed in the cage. (pp. 143-144)" [http://www.scottsdalecc.edu/ricker/psy101/readings/Section_3/3-1.html source]
:To me, the text implies the chimpanzee likes all the bright and shiny stuff, not that it has any neurotic fetishes...see list down to albedo. The experts in 'erotic neuropathy' see what 'students of the chmpanzee' know. [User: MKOHUT, February 4, 2007]

'''marcasite''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcasite Wikipedia]

Marcasite, in keeping with the idea of bilocations and doubles, is also a ''twinned'' mineral, its opposing pair being pyrite (fool's gold), much as diamonds are twinned with graphite.
[http://www.galleries.com/minerals/sulfides/marcasit/marcasit.htm]

'''queasy albedo''' 
Albedo is the ratio of reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation power. It is a unitless measure indicative of a surface's or body's reflectivity. The word is derived from albus, a Latin word for "white".

'''streetlighting... luminous equivalent of a ...shriek''' 
Thematic. 

Whitechapel and white color theme all over.

'''buskers''' 
persons who entertain in a public place for donations.

'''Duke of Cumberland's Theatre''' 
Queen Victoria's uncle Ernest Augustus was the Duke of Cumberland; [[ATD_219-242#Page_230|see annotation to page 230.]] A real theater?

==Page 679==

'''co-tenant of Tarot Card XV...Renfrew 
Werfner is other co-tenant surely. 
Card XV is the Devil.

'''K. & K. Landwehr''' 
German. ''K. und K.'' or ''K-K'', Kaiserlich-Königlich, Imperial and Royal. ''Landwehr,'' a section of the "joint" Austro-Hungarian Army over which only the Austrian (as disctinct from Austro-Hungarian) government had authority.

'''''slightly more mineral''''' 
cf Frank's "mineral condition", [[ATD_374-396#Page_395|page 395]].

'''Jack the Ripper''' 
The serial killer in Whitechapel district of London in 1888. Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_678|page 678:''Whitechapel . . . Ripping . . . murders'']].

==Page 680==

'''"including the blood everyone's come for"''' 
The audience at a musical about Jack the Ripper 'comes for blood'? Revenge
motivations even here? Notice response of other audience member...

'''''Sowieso''''' 
German: anyway.

:I think this is right only in conjunction with some verb (for instance ''Ich gehe sowieso'' - I'm going anyway). As a standalone as in this case I (Austrian German speaker) know it only in the sense of ''of course,'' ''certainly,'' or ''without any doubt''. But Pynchon probably intended to express "anyway" here. [[User:WolfgangFaber|WolfgangFaber]] 07:06, 18 October 2008 (PDT)

'''"...sure did look a hell of a lot like Renfrew"''' 
Here surfaces one of the most obvious forms of bilocation in the novel.

'''Piccadilly Circus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piccadilly_Circus Piccadilly Circus], a circular open space at a street junction, is a famous traffic intersection and public space at the heart of West End, London. It links to several well-known theathres and is close to major shopping areas in a central location. Its memorial fountain status itself is a major tourist attraction.

==Page 681==

'''the tragedy at Mayerling''' 
The deaths of the Austrian Crown Prince, [[ATD_26-56#Page_45|Archduke Rudolf, and his girlfriend, Baroness Mary Vetsera,]] at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mayerling_Incident Mayerling] hunting lodge in Lower Austria on January 30, 1889. Austrian officials regarded it as an act of a suicide pact but many others believed an international conspiracy of murder.

'''old F.F.''' 
Franz Ferdinand. ([[ATD_26-56#Page_45|See annotation to p. 45: Francis Ferdinand]]).

'''''Liebestod''''' 
German: love-death. Denotes in particular the climactic scene in Wagner's opera ''Tristan und Isolde,'' but here means the fatal end of an affair. And Rudolf's unfortunate love-death led to Austria's death-love thru Ferdinand!?

'''''Fachsimpelei''''' 
German: shop talk.

'''the Triple Alliance''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Alliance_(1882) The treaty] by which Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy pledged on May 20, 1882, to support each others militarily in the event of an attack against any of them by two or more great powers.

'''''Ach, die Vetsera''''' 
German: ah, the Vetsera. Baroness Mary Vetsera was the mistress of Crown Prince Rudolf. In 1889 both were found dead at the Mayerling hunting lodge.

'''''cherchons la femme''''' 
French: let us seek the woman. The phrase usually means to look for the woman who has set events in motion; here it's used ironically to mean that focusing on the search for the woman will mask any questions about Rudolf and his father.

usually worded differently (i.e. "cherchez la femme" = "look for the woman"). "Cherchons" is first person plural ("we"). "Cherchez" is second person plural ("you")

'''[Pynchon thru]Khautsch''' links the first famous serial killer in history, Jack the Ripper, with the assassination of Crown Prince Rudolf--he could have been at Mayerling!--and the serial genocidal killings of the 20th Century? 
"The Ripper's 'Whitechapel' was a sort of momentary antechamber in space-time" out of which the genocidal deaths of the 20th Century flowed? "Railway depot...gates disposed radially in all directions"...p.683 "lives by the trainload"...

The implication, though, is that all of those thousands of potential murderers were, in fact, the one true murderer--that each of the victims was killed by an unspecified but potentially enormous number of killers, simultaneously...??

Seeing ''Dr. Stranglove'' again, this user sees that perhaps TRP
elaborated the Jack the Ripper metaphor from Kubrick, who created General Jack Ripper, the general who launches the unstoppable nuclear attack on Russia, which will result, with the built-in automatic 'retaliation' by Russia, in mutual annihilation. [[User:MKOHUT|MKOHUT]] 11:36, 5 August 2007 (PDT)

==Page 682==

'''Trafalgar Square''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafalgar_Square Trafalgar Square] is a square in London that commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar (October 21, 1805) in which the British Navy of 27 ships soundly defeated the French and Spanish combined fleet of 33 ships west of Cape Trafalgar in south-west Spain. The square, a popular site for political demonstrations, is the location of Nelson's Column.

'''the "Boston"''' 
A dance somewhat like the waltz.

'''pentatonic''' 
A scale with five notes per octave. C-D-E-G-A(-C) or A-C-D-E-G(-A), for example. Western listeners sense this as an "Oriental" scale—Ravel used it in the "Empress of the Pagodas" movement of his ''Mother Goose'' Suite—but it occurs much more widely ("Loch Lomond").

==Page 683==

'''Franz Josef''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria Franz Josef] (1830-1916), Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1848 to 1916. His 68-year reign is the third-longest in the recorded history of Europe.

'''the Belvedere''' 
The Belvedere Palace, Vienna, comprises two magnificent baroque mansions facing each other across a sloping formal garden. Prince Eugene of Savoy, whose campaigns against the Turks enabled the Habsburg Emprie to reclaim Hungary, purchased some land beyond Vienna's city walls in 1693, upon which he ordered a park with elaborate water features and fountains to be built. In 1714 the Prince had the lower Belvedere built and in 1721 the upper one. The Palace now is open to public tours. See [http://www.freefoto.com/browse.jsp?id=02-07-3 Belvedere Pictures].

'''Prince Eugene of Savoy''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Eugene_of_Savoy Prince Eugene of Savoy] (1663-1736) was the greatest general to serve the Habsburgs.

'''Ballhausplatz''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballhausplatz Ballhausplatz] is a square in central Vienna containing the building that over 200 years has been the official residence of the State Chancellor. As a result, ''Ballhausplatz'' is often used as shorthand for the Austrian Chancellery

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618:the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Wilhelmstrasse''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_496|page 496:Wilhelmstrasse]].

'''''gemütlicher alter Junge''''' 
German: good old boy.

'''a man who is standing ''where he should not be''.''' 
This ominous sentence could be applied to the likes of GWB and those shady charcters who allegedly stood on the grassy knoll (among others).

'''some symmetry was being broken''' 
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in physics takes place when a system that is symmetric with respect to some symmetry group goes into a vacuum state that is not symmetric. At this point the system no longer appears to behave in a symmetric manner. A common example to help explain this phenomenon is a ball sitting on top of a hill. This ball is in a completely symmetric state. However, it is not a stable one: the ball can easily roll down the hill. At some point, the ball will spontaneously roll down the hill in one direction or another. The symmetry has been broken because the direction the ball rolled down in has now been singled out from other directions [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneously_broken_symmetry].

Here, the meaning appears to be that the equilibrium of the twinned professors is broken; Werfner is in London, where he "should not be" (Renfrew's territory); a historical stasis has been broken; this must mean something. Perhaps a foreshadowing of the collapse of the Great Power "symmetry" of 1814 to 1914.

Not spontaneous symmetry broken, just plain broken symmetry. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_537|page 537:broken symmetries]].

==Page 684==

'''da capo''' 
Musical direction. Italian: (repeat) from the top.

'''Spitalfields''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitalfields Spitalfields] is an area in Tower Hamlets, in the East End of London, near to Liverpool Station and Brick Lane.

'''Brick Lane''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick_Lane Brick Lane] is a street in the East End of London. the street is paved with bricks and the area was known in earlier times fo brick and tile manfacture.

'''Stepney''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepney Stepney] is an inner-city district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets as Spitalfields.

==Page 685==

'''[D.C.]''' 
[[ATD_678-694#Page_684|See ''da capo.'']]

'''''impersonating British idiots''''' 
Again and again in ''AtD'' we see the vital importance of being able to act the part of an idiot. 
Otherwise known as "twits."

'''Lew, detective realizing he is also a hired hand, has an epiphany into bilocation/doubling theme re Renfrew and Werfner.''' 
"kept separate.. [by].. two distinct kinds of light."'''p. 686 

==Page 686==
'''Dr. Otto Ghloix''' 
p. 132 & 148.

Gloix bears some resemblance to C.G. Jung, a Swiss alienist (psychotherapist) interested in paranormal phenomena (ala T.W.I.T) whose comments on fate are exactly those as presented here by Ghloix. Jung, born in 1875, would have been about 31 at the time of the novel's action.
Interestingly, Jung chose to go into this field after reading Krafft-Ebbing. Also, 1906 was the year Jung initiated contact with Freud.

Specifically Jung wrote:

''The psychological rule says that when an inner situation is not made conscious, it happens outside as fate. That is to say, when the individual remains undivided and does not become conscious of his inner opposite, the world must perforce act out the conflict and be torn into opposing halves.''

'''''beyul''''' 
Interesting article on beyuls: [http://www.khandro.net/mysterious_places.htm]

'''Pure Land''' 
Shambala but any other meanings?
Yes, Pure Land Buddhism....a faith oriented branch of Mahayana Buddhism that held that the world was in decline (entropically speaking!) and that Nirvana was getting harder and harder for common folk (the preterite) to reach. This school teaches that devotion to Amitabha brings re-birth in the Pure Land from which Nirvana is guaranteed.

==Page 687==

'''the coal of Dr. Ghloix's Corona''' 
Easier to see when people smoke in the dark. The glowing red end of his cigar.

'''a small Welsbach unit''' 
Welsbach mantle, a device for generating bright white light when heated by a flame. It is one of many inventions by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Auer_von_Welsbach Welsbach] (1858-1929), an Austrian scientist and inventor.

'''''Plafond Lumineux''''' 
French: luminous ceiling.

'''the light offered the batsmen at the end of the day''' 
Cricket term whereby the umpires give the batsmen the opportunity to cease play due to deteriorating light. Also referred to as "bad light" (cf page 691:28). This example is just about consistent with the light-in-dark examples in the remainder of the Cohen's speech. Umpires offer the light when it's too dark to play safely.

==Page 688==

'''lantern-horn''' 
"Since horn can be softened and made malleable, and be molded into various shapes, such as spoons, . . . combs . . ." In Middle Ages, [http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/horn/horn2.html horn] "was also used to make ''lantern panes'', window panes," etc.

'''we risk being divided in two . . . Atonement, in any case comes much later''' 
A superbly constructed wordplay. "Atonement" means seeking and gaining release from guilt or ostracism, but the word is constructed from "at one." So the risk of splitting in two is followed, at length, by becoming one again.

'''Pinks and finks''' 
Pinks = Pinkertons (Pinkerton Agency) 
finks = "rats" - people who betray their compatriots.

==Page 690==

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_%28region%29 Macedonia] is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was politically re-defined several times in the past. Nowhere in Europe are races and nationalities (Greeks, Bulgarians, Albanians, Bosniaks, Serbs, Turks, etc) so inextricably intermingled as in Macedonia. Much of the difficulty of the Macedonian problem lies in the communal antagonisms of these peoples, and in the ambitions of the neighboring Balkan States and the intrigues of the "Great Powers". Until the summer of 1878, there was no Macedonian Question because it was part of the general Balkan question. 
Russia's ambition of having access to the Mediterranean Sea and extending her influence over the Balkan Peninsula by driving the Ottoman Empire out from there led to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War,_1877%E2%80%931878 the Russo-Turkish War] (1877-1878). The war ended with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano the Treaty of San Stefano] (March 3, 1878) by which Romania, Serbia, Montenegro obtained their independence and a Russophile [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Bulgaria Greater Bulgaria] was established causing great concerns in Britain, Austria-Hungary, Germany, France and Italy. The Greater Bulgaria was then dismembered by the "Great Powers" in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin the Congress of Berlin] (June 13 - July 13, 1878) under the terms of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 the Treaty of Berlin]: Bulgaria was divided into Principality of Bulgaria, East Rumelia, and the Macedonia, which was returned to the Ottoman Empire. On September 6, 1885, however, the Bulgarians of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unification_of_Bulgaria East Rumelia unified with Bulgaria] making Bulgaria the largest state in the Balkans then, much to the annoyance of Serbia and Greece, and the anger of Russia. Now, the stage was set for the appearance of [http://www.mak-truth.com/fe_mqest.htm the Macedonia Question]: with all the Slavs living in Macedonia but under the Turkish rule providing a new focus point for the century-old Balkan rivalries to explode in various forms. 
[http://en.wikipedia.rog/wiki/Serbo-Bulgarian_War A two-week war] (November 14-28, 1885) was fought between Serbia and Bulgaria right after the Bulgaria's Unification. These two countries had their different ambitions for Macedonia which led to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars two Balkan Wars] in 1912-1913 involving other Balkan countries. And then World War I, World War II, War in Slovenia (1991), Croatian War of Independence (1991-1995), Bosnia War (1992-1995), Kosovo War (1999), Southern Serbia Conflict (2001) and Macedonia Conflict (2001), and up to present day. The question of Kosovo's independence is still not solved as of 2007 and prospect of violence there is highly likely.

'''Sofia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia Sofia] is the capital of Bulgaria, located in the western part of the country.

'''Balkan Range''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Mountains Balkan Mountain Range] runs 340 miles from Eastern Serbia eastward through Central Bulgaria onto the Black Sea.

'''Sredna Gora''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredna_Gora Sredna Gora] is a mountain range in Central Bulgaria.

'''''das Interdikt''''' 
Prof Werfner's name for a 200-mile long, from Sofia to the Black Sea, phosgene (poison gas) line.

'''irreversible, pitiless''' 
Definition of a Doomsday Machine. See ''Dr. Strangelove'' and too many other authorities to count.

'''Charlottenburg''' 
District of Berlin, west and south of the city center. Woods, a castle.

Charlottenburg was an independent city until 1920. As a symbol of power and authority, Charlottenburg here refers to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlottenburg_Palace Charlottenburg Palace] (now a museum) in that city.

'''Fenner's''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenner's Fenner's] is the cricket ground of the University of Cambridge. It has hosted first-class cricket matches since 1848, and many world-class players appeared there.

'''I.Z.''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Zingari I Zingari] is an English amateur cricket club which was formed on July 4 1845. The name was from the Italian for "the gypsies".

'''the Gentleman Bomber''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_236|page 236: The Gentleman Bomber of Headingly]]

==Page 691==

'''the match, which I Zingari, beginning on a rather damp pitch, eventually won by eight wickets''' 
A mistake. A cricket team batting first cannot win by eight wickets, or any number of wickets. If say IZ scored 200 runs and their opponents were all out for 150 (ten wickets have to fall), then they won by 50 runs. If IZ scored 200, and their opponents scored 201 for two wickets (two batsmen out), they would have won by eight wickets. A sign of Pynchon's insecurity over the complexities of the game, though there are some excellent jokes elsewhere: see pages 965-966.

'''Cheapside''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_234|page 234: Cheapside]]

'''Dr. Coombs De Bottle''' 
Cf Page 234.

'''carbonyl chloride''' 
Phosgene, a poison gas used in World War I, Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_236|page 236: Phosgene]].

'''the Jameson Raid''' 
Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page_146|page 146: Dr. Jim's little adventure]].

==Page 692==
'''"No one seemed to be in charge"''' 
The non-violent situation and meaning of anarchism. Things still worked and Lew on the next page felt free, released from a "contract", the social, political contract?

==Page 693==
'''scabland''' 
An elevated area of barren rocky land with little or no soil cover, often crossed by dry stream channels. Often used in the plural. 
But surely no accident that is also means the land of scabs = strikebreakers.

==References==
<references/>

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 644-677

2008-10-11T23:12:14Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 661 */ typo

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 644==

'''Union Depot''' 
El Paso's Union Depot Passenger Station was built in 1905. The Depot was the first passenger train station to be built in the United States specifically for international railway traffic. It is located at San Francisco Ave downtown El Paso vey close to the US-Mexico border. There is a rumor around in El Paso that Pancho Villa used the Depot's bell tower as a lookout for the attack of Juárez during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920). The Depot now is listed in the National Register of Historic Commission.

'''El Paso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas El Paso], the sixth largest city in Texas, is located at the western tip of Texas. It is the second largest city along the Mexican border. And lies across the Rio Grande is Juáres, Mexico, the other half of the bi-national metropolitan area.

'''Chamizal''' 
It was a disputed parcel of land between El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The dispute was caused by the differences between the bed of the Rio Grande as surveyed in 1852 and the present channel of the river. The river shifted south continually between 1852 and 1868 with the most radical shift in 1864. As a result, the newly exposed land, about 600 acres, came to be known in Spanish as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamizal El Chamizal], from ''chamiza'', the name of a species of wild cane or reed. The final resolution of the dispute came about only in 1963.

'''E.B. Soltera''' 
''Soltera'' is Spanish: spinster. Estrella Briggs, Unmarried.

'''Regeneration Equipment''' 
In chemical technology "regeneration" means taking a spent product out of the system and cleaning it up for reuse.

'''whiteness''' 
stressed motif. Cf. alabaster temples at the Columbian Exposition.Cf. whiteness in GR.

==Page 645==

'''E.P.T.''' 
El Paso, Texas.

'''buyer beware''' 
That is, ''caveat emptor''.

==Page 646==

'''Sakes''' 
For heaven's sakes.

'''Geronimo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo Geronimo] (1829-1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who fought against the encroachment of the United States on his tribal lands and perople for over 25 years.

'''Willow and Holt''' 
Willow: Stray's sister (pp. 361 & 367), Holt: Willow's husband (p. 367)

==Page 647==

'''''For really it was the sidekick who presented the problem. Restless type. Fair hair, hat back on his head so the big brim sort of haloed his face, shiny eyes and low-set, pointed ears like an elf's...''''' 
Billy the Kid? No, he died in 1881. 
[http://www.imdb.com/gallery/mptv/1258/Mptv/1258/3306_0333.jpg?path=pgallery&path_key=Wilder,%20Gene The Waco Kid,] the gunfighter played by Gene Wilder in ''Blazing Saddles''?

'''Daisy, Daisy''' 
"Daisy Bell" is a popular song whose lyrics ("Daisy, Daisy, Give me your answer do...I'm half crazy, all for the love of you..." as well as the line "...a bicycle built for two") are considerably better known than the song's actual title.
"Daisy Bell" was composed by Harry Dacre in 1892. As David Ewen writes in American Popular Songs: "When Dacre, an English popular composer, first came to the United States, he brought with him a bicycle, for which he was charged duty. His friend (the songwriter William Jerome) remarked lightly: 'It's lucky you didn't bring a bicycle built for two, otherwise you'd have to pay double duty.' Dacre was so taken with the phrase 'bicycle built for two' that he decided to use it in a song. That song, Daisy Bell, first became successful in a London music hall, in a performance by Kate Lawrence. Tony Pastor was the first one to sing it in the United States. Its success in America began when Jennie Lindsay brought down the house with it at the Atlantic Gardens on the Bowery early in 1892." Wikipedia....see this for memorable occasions of its use.
It was evidently sung at the OK Corral gunfight, if TRP says so but I have not substantiated this yet.

:Pynchon did not say Doc Holliday sang "Daisy, Daisy" before or during the Gunfight. But Doc Holliday, in his "rejoinder to Frank McLaury", did use the 1880s' slang phrase "daisy" — according to some accounts. After the Gunfight people then, claimed by Pynchon, used the song "Daisy, Daisy" as a "sort of telegraphic code . . . for Boot Hill" (graveyard, see page 648). 

More popularly, sung by HAL, the failing shipboard computer, as it is disabled in Stanley Kubrick's film ''2001, A Space Odyssey.''

==Page 648==
'''at the O.K. Corral''' 
It refers to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunfight_at_the_O.K._Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral]. The 30-second event occurred on October 26, 1881, in a vacant lot, behind the corral in Tombstone, AZ. It was Wyatt Earp, Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Doc Holliday fought against Frank McLaury, Tom McLaury, Ike Clanton, Billy Clanton, Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller. Frank and Tom McLaury and Billy Clanton were killed while Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Holliday were wounded. The gunfight supposed to be between law-and-order and open banditry and rustling in frontier towns of the Old West. The Gunfight has been the subject of many many books, movies, songs, . . . etc.

'''Boot Hill''' 
It is the name for any number of cemeteries, chiefly in th American West. During the 19th century it was a common name for the burial grounds of gunfighters or those who "died with their boots on" (ie. violently). Also, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_Hill Boot Hill] graves were made for people who died in a strange town without assets for a funeral.
The most famous Boot Hill graveyard of the Old West is, of course, in Tombstone, AZ. Buired at the site are various victims of violence and desease in Tombstone's early years, including those from the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Boot Hill was also the destination for bad-men and those lynched or legally hanged in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone%2C_Arizona Tombstone, AZ].

==Page 649==
'''Rosie's Cantina''' 
As found in Marty Robbins's 1959 hit song "El Paso" (a song frequently covered by the Grateful Dead). When the exiled narrator attempts to return to the cantina, he sees to his right "five mounted cowboys/Off to my left ride a dozen or more."

...Night-time would find me in Rosa's cantina;
Music would play and Felina would whirl.

The rest of the lyrics: [http://www.cowboylyrics.com/lyrics/robbins-marty/el-paso-11889.html El Paso].

'''L.&O.L.''' 
Law and Order League Cf page 644.

also internet slang for Laughing Out Loud (LOL). 
or "Lots of Luck"

'''light draining away''' 
cf. p.198: "He watched the light over the ranges slowly draining away", as Webb dies.

==Page 650==

'''ocotillo''' 
[http://weather.nmsu.edu/AbqPlantList/dshrub/Ocotillo.htm Ocotillo] is a drought-deciduous shrub. It can have anywhere from 6 to 100 wand like branches that grow from the root crown with a stem anywhere from 9 to 30 feet tall.

'''Rock Springs''' 
Wyoming town, center of the Wyoming oil boom of the late 1970s, early 1980s, known then as a wide open town.

'''Ladies' Friend''' 
a small pistol that could be concealed in a lady's clothing.

'''Creede''' 
Central Colorado town, like Telluride once a mining town, now a ski resort.

==Page 651==

'''Dixies and Fans and Mignonettes''' 
Just typical names of bar girls?

==Page 652==

'''Karawankenbahn . . . Tauern . . . Wochein''' 
A series of tunnels constructed as part of [http://historicaltextarchive.com/books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=2&cid=13 a huge Austrian public works project] in the first years of the 20th century. They are named for ranges of mountains and hills they pass through. The objective was to develop rail transport to the port of Trieste. Read further in this entry for the location of Wochein. 

''Karawankenbahn'' means Karawanken Railway in German. 
Between 1867-1918 Trieste (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_516|page 516:Trieste]]) was part of Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was Austria's first seaport and the principal outlet for the ocean trade of the monarchy. But it did not have adequate railway communication with Austria's interior. To give a great impetus to the trade of Trieste in particular and to the over-sea trade of Austria in general, it was decided in 1901 to build the Karawanken Railway connecting Trieste and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klagenfurt Klagenfurt], the capital of the federal state of Carinthia in Austria. The railway was built over and through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karavanke Karawanken] mountains, Europe's longest (70-mile long) mountain range on the border between current Slovenia and Austria. The ''Karawanken Tunnel'' was opened on October 1, 1906; it is the fourth longest railway tunnel in Austria with a length of over 4.8 miles (7,976 m). (For a [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Karawankentunnel_construction_train.jpg Karawanken Tunnel construction picture]). 

At the same time (1901-1909) another railway, ''Tauernbahn'' (Tauern Railway) over and through the Tauern mountains was built between Schwarzach-St.Veit (in the province of Salzburg) and Spittal an de Drau (in Carinthia). It can reach Trieste by connection through Karawanken and Wochein tunnels. [http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.t/t105381.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en Tauern Railway] passes underneath the Hohe Tauern Mountain Range through the 5-mile long ''Tauern Tunnel'' which was opened on July 7, 1909.

''Wochein'', the old German name, is now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj ''Bohinj''] in Slovenia. It is an alpine valley and a municipality in the north-west of Slovenia, in the Julian Alps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj_railway Bohinj Railway] is a railway in Slovenia extending into Trieste, Italy (both were parts of Austria-Hungary before 1918). It was built in 1904 with a 3.8-mile long ''Bohinj (Wochein) Tunnel'' under the 5,00-ft tall Koblas Mountain.

'''Brigue''' 
French name for the Swiss city of Brig, a historic town with 5,000 inhabitants. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brig,_Switzerland Brigue] is located close to the Swiss-Italian border. The language used in every day transactions is a unique German dialect.

'''Domodossola''' 
An Italian city located at the foot of the Italian Alps, a minor passenger-rail hub. Its strategic location accommodates Swiss rail passengers, acting as an international stopping-point between Locarno (a Swiss city in the Italian language zone) and Brig (a Swiss city in the German language zone) via the Simplon Pass. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domodossola Domodossola]].

'''two parallel galleries''' 
The description of the Simplon tunnel project seems to be close to the facts. The Simplon tunnel consists of two parallel tubes, the first of which was opened in 1905, the second not until 1921. The second gallery this passage refers to was built alongside the first tube in order to supply the workers with fresh air. It was later extended. 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplon_Pass The Simplon Tunnel] is a 12.3-mile long railway tunnel consisting of two separate single-track tunnels completed 16 years apart — the first one opened on June 1, 1906 and the second one October 16, 1922. For half a century it was the world longest railway tunnel. It was planned by Alfred Brandt of the Hamburg firm of Brandt & Brandau, and its construction began in 1898. It was a tremendous feat of engineering in almost impossibly difficult conditions. It seems that Pynchon in describing the tunnel work followed closely [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World].

==Page 653==

'''Brandt drills''' 
Brandt & Brandau were Hamburg engineers responsible for the tunnel project. Possibly also an allusion to Adolf Brand (1874-1945), German homosexual activist and anarchist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Brand Wikipedia article.]. "Brand" is also a German word for fire or combustion.

'''Kanuni Lekë Dukagjinit''' 
should be "Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit". "Kanuni" is Albanian for "code". 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuni_i_Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjinit Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit], ''The Code of Lekë Dukagjini'', is a set of laws developed by an Albanian prince, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini Lekë Dukagjini] (1410-1481), who fought against the Ottoman Empire. These laws were used mostly in northern Albania and Kosovo from the 15th century until the 20th century and were revived recently after the fall of the communist regime in the early 1990s. Some of the most infamous rules specified how murder was supposed to be handled (resembled the Italian ''vendetta'') and it often led to blood feuds that lasted until all the men of the involved families were killed.

'''League of Prizren''' 
Aimed for Albanian unity and autonomy; 1878; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Prizren Wikipedia article.]

==Page 654==

'''''Jetokam, jetokam!''''' 
I'm alive (Albanian).

'''Më fal''' 
Sorry (Albanian).

'''many superstitions inside this mountain''' 
Tunnelers and miners were among the most superstitious trades. Small wonder.

'''history. They suffered from it...survive to see the day.''' 
Title thematic.To see the day History [Time] ended?

==Page 655==

'''''non è vero?''''' 
It's not true?

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
A/k/a Swiss dragon. A mythical creature or cryptid, depending on who you believe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Wikipedia entry]; [http://www.newanimal.org/tatzel.htm Cryptid zoo website.]

The name literally means "pawed worm".

'''[S]ometimes a Tatzelwurm is only a Tatzelwurm.''' 
Echoing the comment attributed to Freud, "sometimes a cigar is just a cigar", the cigar-loving alienist who would have been on the faculty of the University of Vienna at this time.

==Page 656==
'''favogn''' 
Name used mostly in western Switzerland for ''föhn,'' a dry wind blowing down the lee side of the Alps.

'''adiabatic''' 
Term in thermodynamics meaning an absence of heat transfer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process Wikipedia entry.] Also, confusingly and probably not coincidentally, a term in quantum mechanics referring to an infinitely slow change in the Hamiltonian of a system. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process_%28quantum_mechanics%29 Wikipedia entry.] Yes, it's that [[H#hamilton|Hamilton]].

'''balneomaniacs''' 
People avid for mineral baths and spas like those at . . .

'''Baden-Baden . . . Wagga Wagga''' 
In Germany and New South Wales (Australia) respectively.
Names, of course, which suggest bilocation.

'''Moazagotl clouds''' 
A persistent cloud formation associated with the föhn. [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=moazagotl1 Technical definition.]

'''Ruperta Chirpingdon-Groin''' 
Great alliterative last name given her effect on men.

==Page 657==

'''''Macchè, gioia mia''''' 
Italian: No way, my joy!

'''''troglodita''''' 
Spanish: brute, pig. ? Italian: troglodyte, cave dweller, barbarian

'''''Càlmati''''' 
Italian: Take it easy.

'''''Tutto va bene. Un amico di pochi anni fa''''' 
Italian: It's all right. A friend from a few years ago.

'''Ambroid''' 
Synthetic amber used for costume jewelry.

'''''Tesoro''''' 
Italian: treasure.

:Honey

==Page 658==

'''Petite Roquette''' 
A Paris prison later used as a reformatory for boys.

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
Cryptozoologists also use the term "Swiss dragon" for this mythical Alpine beast. Its habitation is not said to be limited to mines and tunnels. Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 655|page 655:Tatzelwurm]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Mostly uninformative Wikipedia entry.]

'''''Ndih'më! . . . Nxito!''''' 
Albanian: Help me!...Quickly!

'''a scream''' 
again that Pynchonian expression of horror as elsewhere in ATD, such as
in the 'inner sands' scenes and GR, of course.

'''''spital''''' 
Various languages: hospital, infirmary.

==Page 659==

'''''bien sûr''''' 
French: certainly. Here "''Of course'' it did."

'''showered again, unlocked his private pulley-rope, lowered his clothes . . . hung his wet working gear on the hook, raised it again and padlocked the rope''' 
from [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World]: 
:"At the top of the building steampipes were fixed, and each man was entitled to his own private rope and padlock; this rope passes over a pulley in the roof, and has a hook at the end to which he can attach his day clothes, . . . and pulling them up by the cord and padlocking it he secures the safety of his belongings. On returning from his work he . . . has his bath, lowers his clothes, and, hanging his wet mining dress on the hook, raises it to the roof. Here it hangs until he again returns to work, when he finds his clothes dry and warm."

'''Domodossola''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 652|page 652:Domodossola]].

'''didn't look back''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

'''They had been good friends, that crew''' 
A number of homoerotic allusions in the preceding passages.

'''St.-Gotthard''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_Rail_Tunnel Gotthard Railway Tunnel] is a 9-mile long tunnel in Switzerland opened in 1882. The tunnel is part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardbahn Gotthardbahn] Gotthard Railway connecting Lucerne through the Alps to Cjiasso on the Swiss-Italian border.

==Page 660==

==Page 661==

'''Intra''' 
Now Verbania, on the shore of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Maggiore Lago Maggiore], Piedmont, in northwest Italy.

'''tramontana''' 
It's a wind coming from the North in Italy, usually cold and cutting.

'''Wilhelm Weber''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_594|page 594:Wilhelm Weber]] (1804-1891), German Physicist.

'''Baron von Waltershausen''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Sartorius_von_Waltershausen Baron Wolfgang von Waltershausen] (1809-1876), a German geologist. He was Friedrich Gauss's close friend and biographer.

'''Riemann knew he was dying''' 
Riemann died of tuberculosis, July 20, 1866.

'''the Seven Weeks' War''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War The Austro-Prussia War] (June 15 — August 23, 1866). Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:Göttingen . . . war with Prussia]].

'''Cassel''' 
Now spells [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel Kassel], a city in Hessen, Germany. It is about 25 miles southwest of Göttingen.

'''Hannover''' 
German name of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover Hanover], a major city of northern Germany. It is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony where Göttingen, about 50 miles south, is also located.

'''Langensalza''' 
Since 1956, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Langensalza Bad Langensalza], a city about 45 miles southeast of Göttingen, in Thuringia, Germany. It was a site of the 1866 Second Battle of Langensalza between Prussia and Hanover during the Seven Weeks' War.

'''Veneto''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneto Veneto region], one of the twenty regions of Italy, is in northeastern Italy by the Adriatic Sea. It consists of seven provinces. One of them is Verona, home to Romeo and Juliet; another one is Venezia, home of Venice.

'''Custozza''' 
Also spells Custoza. A village of northeastern Italy in the province of Verona. It was the site of the Battle of Custozza of June 24, 1866, between Austria and Italy resulted in Austria's victory.

'''Deep Germany''' 
"the folk-dream behind the Black Forest", and so on to p. 662

'''Black Forest''' 
A wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. It also has the source of the river Danube. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Forest The Black Forest] is part of the continental divide between the Atlantic Ocean watershed and the Black Sea watershed.

==Page 662==

'''elves''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf Elves] are mythical creatures of Germanic mythology and Germanic paganism which still survive in northern European folklore. Elves are often pictured as youthful-seeming men and women of great beauty living in forests and other natural places, underground, or in wells and springs. They have been portrayed to be long-lived or immortal and they have magical powers attributed to them.

'''shadows with undulating tails and moving wings''' 
shadow of Satan image?. Cf. p. 211 
-Feels more like another dragon image to me (following close on the heels of the Tatzelwurm references), due to the size of the shadows and the surrounding imagery in the paragraph.

'''the Haupt-Bahnhof in Frankfurt''' 
the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof Central Railway Station] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt Frankfurt]. Regarding passenger volume alone, it is the second largest station outside Japan. Built close to where in earlier times the gallows had been located.

'''Orient Express''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_567|page 567: the Orient Express]]. The accident mentioned happened on December 7th 1901, though according to [http://www.dooyoo.de/flughaefen-bahnhoefe-national/bahnhof-frankfurt-main/720973/] the train came to rest in the waiting hall rather than the restaurant.

'''collapse of the Campanile in Venice''' 
Bell-tower on St. Mark's Basilica. The campanile reached its present form in 1514. As it stands today, however, the tower is a reconstruction, completed in 1912 after the collapse of 1902. Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 256|page 256:the tower collapses]], [[ATD_243-272#Page 259|page 259:dov'era com'era]], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mark's_Campanile St. Mark's Campanile].

'''roof of the Charing Cross Station''' 
A major railway station in London. The elegant original roof structure collapsed on 5 December 1905. By great fortune, only six lives were lost (two workmen on the roof, a bookstall vendor and three passers-by in the street, where most of the girders fell). It was rebuilt two years later. Cf [[ATD_557-587# Page 577|page 577:Charing Cross]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station Charing Cross Station]. 

So it is now 1906 in this chapter.

'''the revenge of Deep Germany...shameless German primitivism''' 
We have seen an earlier [[ATD 615-643#Page 632|reference]] to deeper Germany, to the pre-Christian, pre-rational Germany, here supposed to be avenging itself upon the mechanised, rational order that has supplanted it.

This pre-Christian Germany was the mythical Golden Age Nazism sought to draw upon and revive. In 1936 G.G. Jung wrote essay entitled "Wotan", in which he argued that the German psyche had been overwhelmed by the sudden awakening of the archetype of the ancient Norse god. Wotan, who had slumbered for 1,000 years, was the god of frenzy and magic and would, Jung predicted, more than likely lead the German people into some cataclysmic event.
 
[Fascinating reference. This reminds me strongly of the Vormance expedition from the "Iceland Spar" section of AtD, which brings some kind of artifact back to civilization, unleashing ruin; cf. pg. 142 for references to Norse gods being reawakened.] 
'''laden''' 
The use of this word in the context of anarchist bombs and collapsed buildings suggests a reference to one "bin Laden."
(quite a stretch....)

==Page 663==

'''''stranniki''''' 
Russian, literally: pilgrims, wanderers. Dissenters from the Russian Orthodox Church; a sect of Old Believers who rejected the Orthodox priesthood and sacraments. cf. ''The Way of the Pilgrim'' 

'''''podpol'niki,'' underground men''' 
They are ''pod pole,'' literally under the floor. Allusion to that religious Russian, Dostoevsky and his
''Notes from Underground'' (''Zapiski iz podpol'ya'').
Interestingly in that work, Dostoyevsky uses a Palace of Crystal as a metaphor for a functionalist utopia where everything works like clockwork and life is a complete bore. The narrator abhors and fears such a state and is obsessed with its destuction. Compare this to the train crash, and the roof and camponile collapse of the section above. Not to mention 9/11. "Shades" of Ted Kaczynnski here.

'''"not the day we knew"''' 
Thematic re day.

'''"extralogical...mathematical work"''' 
math work is beyond logic, mystical-like.

'''smooth-enough World-Line''' 
linear History, not the ATD 'line', with a verbal pairing to 'World-Island', that Pynchonian way of naming the Earth.

Perhaps reference to: world line
n.

The path in space-time traveled by an elementary particle for the time and distance that it retains its identity.

...in general usage, a world line is the sequential path of personal human events (with time and place as dimensions) that marks the history of a person —perhaps starting at the time and place of one's birth until their death.

Much more here: [http://www.answers.com/topic/world-line] from answers.com

==Page 664==

'''Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazzoletta''' 
Allusion to the Davos tuberculosis sanatorium of Thomas Mann's ''The Magic Mountain'', which was indeed the anteroom of death for its protagonist, Hans Castorp, who goes on to be "cured" to serve in World War I, a personification of the death of Europe. Note that, at the sanatorium, Castorp falls in love with a Russian named Madame Chauchat, to whom Yashmeen's presence here may allude.
Alchemy is also a leitmotif of ''The Magic Mountain'', with the sanatorium as an enclosed system in which something is turned to gold (Castorp's enlightenment). 
I might be wrong, but I've found no evidence that a "Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazoletta" ever existed. The name is a compound of a (mock?) Swiss-German word and an Italian-sounding one and thus recalls the Simplon passage.

'''anterooms of death''' 
The metaphor repeated from page 526, now possibly with a different meaning.

'''Borsalino''' 
A fedoras made by Italy's famed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsalino Borsalino] Company.

==Page 665==

'''Glenwood Springs''' 
Colorado town, then as now site of a famous inn and hot springs, hydrotherapy center and spa, located on the main line of the Denver & Rio Grand Western Railroad. Until the early 1980s, a popular excursion was an overnight trip from Denver along the upper Colorado River through Glenwood Canyon to the venerable hotel/baths on the D&RG's venerable rolling stock, the last privately operated passenger train in the U.S. The route is now operated by Amtrak, but the canyon has been ruined by the completion of I-70 through it. Pynchon's sinister railroad of the 1800s has been superseded, has become in its turn a nostalgic retreat from a newer modernity. For Kit, in his eastward trip from home, Glenwood Springs would have been the last large stop before Denver.

'''tunnel Italian''' 
The pidgin Reef learned in the tunnels.

'''St.-Gotthard Tunnel''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 659|page 659:St.-Gotthard]].

'''Bellinzona''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellinzona Bellinzona] is the capital city of the canton Ticino, Switzerland. The city is famous for its three castles — Castelgrande, Montebello and Sasso Corbaro, now part of the UNESCO world heritage.

'''repeated figure being played on an alpenhorn''' 
Ri-i-co-la! The Swiss call the instrument alphorn or alpenhorn.

'''Mouffette''' 
French: Skunk.

'''Papillon''' 
French: Butterfly.
:Any of a breed of small dog related to the spaniel, having a long silky coat, a bushy tail that curves over its back, and large ears shaped like the wings of a butterfly. [http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/8/83/250px-Papillon_sitting_Flickr_edit.jpg picture]

==Page 666==
'''Reader, she bit him.''' 
Reef has failed, both literally and figuratively, to screw the pooch. (and, of course, a parody of the opening sentence of the final chapter of "Jane Eyre")

==Page 667==

'''skeezicks''' 
Affectionate term for a man. The foundling Skeezix was the protagonist of the comic strip "Gasoline Alley."

'''''vint''''' 
A real game. Which Reef here pretends not to understand, a classic card-sharp gambit.

'''''avantyuristka''''' 
Unfortunate placement of the hyphen makes it look as if it's ''avant-'' something, but it's a single Russian word, авантюристка, meaning "adventuress."

==Page 668==

'''reticule''' 
Lady's handbag, especially one made by netting or tatting. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_539|page 539:reticule]].

'''''Ite, missa est''''' 
Last words of the Latin mass: Go, you are sent.

literally: "go, the mass is said" or "go, the mass is done". Yashmeen's way of telling Kit there will be nothing more said about the subject. In more legalistic terms, she could have said "case closed", but there is a religious theme running through the whole page ("Sectarian vector wars, trafficking with the unseen, priesthoods and heresies"; "vows of abstinence").

'''dossing''' 
to sleep; particularly at a common lodging-house or 'doss-house.'

==Page 669==

'''Pinks''' 
Pinkerton agents.

==Page 670==

'''glowing giant amœbas that leave sticky residues''' 
A recent book, ''Spook,'' by Mary Roach, tells how 19th-century mediums prepared these cheesecloth apparitions and secreted them in their vaginas.

==Page 671==

'''''Bozhe moi!''''' 
Russian: My God.

'''bunco man''' 
The original bunco was a dishonest gambling game played with dice. Eventually the word evolved the sense 'the playing of a bunco game', and hence 'swindling or fraud of any sort'. From Spanish, Banco, a card game like monte. First recorded usage in 1870's, when it became popular quickly.

'''speakin as an old bunco man . . . it was him talkin''' 
Reef displaying the kind of skepticism that would eventually explode the whole spiritualist enterprise.

==Page 672==
==Page 673==
'''"I'm screamin again"''' 
Screamin motif in Webb's channelled memory.

==Page 674==

'''"great never-sleeping hydropathic"''' 
Internal and external use of water as a therapeutic treatment for all forms of disease. hydro·pathic (hdr-pathik) , hydro·pathi·cal...American Heritage Dictionary. 
In 1877, the estate became the property of the Craiglockhart Hydropathic Company, who set about building a hydropathic institute. Such was Craiglockhart's function until the advent of the First World War. Between 1916 and 1919 the building was used as a military psychiatric hospital for the treatment of shell-shocked officers. Wikipedia. 
see esp. the next paragraph. 

'''swamper''' 
One who performs general, menial duties.

'''''vis inertiæ''''' 
Latin: force of inertia. Not considered a "force" since Newton.

'''draining away''' 
once more "draining away", though for the first time not referring to light (cf. p.198, 649).

==Page 675==

'''Lee de Forest''' 
cf [[ATD_26-56#Page_29|page 29]]

'''All Kit had anymore''' 
???

'''As light began to steep in...'''

Like on page 566, this dream-passage seems to contain a top-down examination of Kit's progress; of his motives and awareness of complicity in the Traverse vengeance-quest against the Vibes. Similar to Kit's earlier dream(s?), it's a thematic reduction and feels like a significant 'clue':

<blockquote>As light began to steep in around the edges of the window blinds, Kit fell asleep again and dreamed of a bullet en route to the heart of an enemy, traveling for many years and many miles, hitting something now and then and ricocheting off at a different angle but continuing its journey as if conscious of where it must go, and he understood that this zigzagging around through four-dimensional space-time might be expressed as a vector in five dimensions. Whatever the number of ''n'' dimensions it inhabited, an observer would need one extra, ''n'' + 1, to see it and connect the end points to make a single resultant.</blockquote>

'''resultant''' 
notice this word and not 'result' in the above paragraph. 'Resultant' has math vector meanings! ...Issuing or following as a consequence or result. 1. Something that results; an outcome. 2. Mathematics A single vector that is the equivalent of a set of vectors....American Heritage Dictionary.

In addition to the broad narrative summary, there appears to be a metatextual implication here. Regarding the reader in Pynchon's overall 'Against The Day' scheme: the novel ''n'' must be observed from an ''n'' +1 perspective (that is: dimensionally distinct) to connect end-points and weave a single result, to engage and correlate strands and twines into a coherent narrative whole. Without an overarching consciousness there's apparent anarchy: with said consciousness there's meaning and vector. 

Part of which meaning I might argue is that Kit's revengeful bullet is part of the overarching 'problem' of mutual complicity, which we readers have to see. 

[[User:Bean|remy]] 10:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

'''Hour of the Rat''' 
In Chinese astrology, the hours between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m., marking the beginning of a new day. The rat is the first of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac, as it is said to have won the race between them.

==Page 676==

'''Constantza''' 
Constanţa, Romania's seaport on the Black Sea.

'''Too many of us have to sit foolishly by...''' 
Vibe = Vibration, a wave disturbance of the aether; for most of us incoherent force driving human misery, but for the Traverse family a person, a personified malevolence on which vengenace can be wreaked.

==Page 677==

'''Buda-Pesth''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest Budapest], the capital city of Hungary. The cities of Buda and Pest (archaic spelling Pesth) were unified in 1872; the hyphenated spelling persisted for many years.

'''Psychical Research''' 
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a non-profit organization in the United Kingdom whose purpose is to research and investigate supernatural, magical, paranormal, and occult phenomena in a scientific and unbiased manner. It was founded in 1882 by three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge, Edmund Gurney, Frederic William Henry Myers, and Henry Sidgwick, because of their interest in spiritualism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research Wikipedia]. 
Wikipedia has no Budapest connection, but it says the Society was very active in its first thirty years, the time of ATD. A history of the Society might have the Budapest sections.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 644-677

2008-10-11T23:09:20Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 655 */ literal meaning of Tatzelwurm

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 644==

'''Union Depot''' 
El Paso's Union Depot Passenger Station was built in 1905. The Depot was the first passenger train station to be built in the United States specifically for international railway traffic. It is located at San Francisco Ave downtown El Paso vey close to the US-Mexico border. There is a rumor around in El Paso that Pancho Villa used the Depot's bell tower as a lookout for the attack of Juárez during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920). The Depot now is listed in the National Register of Historic Commission.

'''El Paso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas El Paso], the sixth largest city in Texas, is located at the western tip of Texas. It is the second largest city along the Mexican border. And lies across the Rio Grande is Juáres, Mexico, the other half of the bi-national metropolitan area.

'''Chamizal''' 
It was a disputed parcel of land between El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The dispute was caused by the differences between the bed of the Rio Grande as surveyed in 1852 and the present channel of the river. The river shifted south continually between 1852 and 1868 with the most radical shift in 1864. As a result, the newly exposed land, about 600 acres, came to be known in Spanish as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamizal El Chamizal], from ''chamiza'', the name of a species of wild cane or reed. The final resolution of the dispute came about only in 1963.

'''E.B. Soltera''' 
''Soltera'' is Spanish: spinster. Estrella Briggs, Unmarried.

'''Regeneration Equipment''' 
In chemical technology "regeneration" means taking a spent product out of the system and cleaning it up for reuse.

'''whiteness''' 
stressed motif. Cf. alabaster temples at the Columbian Exposition.Cf. whiteness in GR.

==Page 645==

'''E.P.T.''' 
El Paso, Texas.

'''buyer beware''' 
That is, ''caveat emptor''.

==Page 646==

'''Sakes''' 
For heaven's sakes.

'''Geronimo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo Geronimo] (1829-1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who fought against the encroachment of the United States on his tribal lands and perople for over 25 years.

'''Willow and Holt''' 
Willow: Stray's sister (pp. 361 & 367), Holt: Willow's husband (p. 367)

==Page 647==

'''''For really it was the sidekick who presented the problem. Restless type. Fair hair, hat back on his head so the big brim sort of haloed his face, shiny eyes and low-set, pointed ears like an elf's...''''' 
Billy the Kid? No, he died in 1881. 
[http://www.imdb.com/gallery/mptv/1258/Mptv/1258/3306_0333.jpg?path=pgallery&path_key=Wilder,%20Gene The Waco Kid,] the gunfighter played by Gene Wilder in ''Blazing Saddles''?

'''Daisy, Daisy''' 
"Daisy Bell" is a popular song whose lyrics ("Daisy, Daisy, Give me your answer do...I'm half crazy, all for the love of you..." as well as the line "...a bicycle built for two") are considerably better known than the song's actual title.
"Daisy Bell" was composed by Harry Dacre in 1892. As David Ewen writes in American Popular Songs: "When Dacre, an English popular composer, first came to the United States, he brought with him a bicycle, for which he was charged duty. His friend (the songwriter William Jerome) remarked lightly: 'It's lucky you didn't bring a bicycle built for two, otherwise you'd have to pay double duty.' Dacre was so taken with the phrase 'bicycle built for two' that he decided to use it in a song. That song, Daisy Bell, first became successful in a London music hall, in a performance by Kate Lawrence. Tony Pastor was the first one to sing it in the United States. Its success in America began when Jennie Lindsay brought down the house with it at the Atlantic Gardens on the Bowery early in 1892." Wikipedia....see this for memorable occasions of its use.
It was evidently sung at the OK Corral gunfight, if TRP says so but I have not substantiated this yet.

:Pynchon did not say Doc Holliday sang "Daisy, Daisy" before or during the Gunfight. But Doc Holliday, in his "rejoinder to Frank McLaury", did use the 1880s' slang phrase "daisy" — according to some accounts. After the Gunfight people then, claimed by Pynchon, used the song "Daisy, Daisy" as a "sort of telegraphic code . . . for Boot Hill" (graveyard, see page 648). 

More popularly, sung by HAL, the failing shipboard computer, as it is disabled in Stanley Kubrick's film ''2001, A Space Odyssey.''

==Page 648==
'''at the O.K. Corral''' 
It refers to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunfight_at_the_O.K._Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral]. The 30-second event occurred on October 26, 1881, in a vacant lot, behind the corral in Tombstone, AZ. It was Wyatt Earp, Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Doc Holliday fought against Frank McLaury, Tom McLaury, Ike Clanton, Billy Clanton, Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller. Frank and Tom McLaury and Billy Clanton were killed while Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Holliday were wounded. The gunfight supposed to be between law-and-order and open banditry and rustling in frontier towns of the Old West. The Gunfight has been the subject of many many books, movies, songs, . . . etc.

'''Boot Hill''' 
It is the name for any number of cemeteries, chiefly in th American West. During the 19th century it was a common name for the burial grounds of gunfighters or those who "died with their boots on" (ie. violently). Also, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_Hill Boot Hill] graves were made for people who died in a strange town without assets for a funeral.
The most famous Boot Hill graveyard of the Old West is, of course, in Tombstone, AZ. Buired at the site are various victims of violence and desease in Tombstone's early years, including those from the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Boot Hill was also the destination for bad-men and those lynched or legally hanged in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone%2C_Arizona Tombstone, AZ].

==Page 649==
'''Rosie's Cantina''' 
As found in Marty Robbins's 1959 hit song "El Paso" (a song frequently covered by the Grateful Dead). When the exiled narrator attempts to return to the cantina, he sees to his right "five mounted cowboys/Off to my left ride a dozen or more."

...Night-time would find me in Rosa's cantina;
Music would play and Felina would whirl.

The rest of the lyrics: [http://www.cowboylyrics.com/lyrics/robbins-marty/el-paso-11889.html El Paso].

'''L.&O.L.''' 
Law and Order League Cf page 644.

also internet slang for Laughing Out Loud (LOL). 
or "Lots of Luck"

'''light draining away''' 
cf. p.198: "He watched the light over the ranges slowly draining away", as Webb dies.

==Page 650==

'''ocotillo''' 
[http://weather.nmsu.edu/AbqPlantList/dshrub/Ocotillo.htm Ocotillo] is a drought-deciduous shrub. It can have anywhere from 6 to 100 wand like branches that grow from the root crown with a stem anywhere from 9 to 30 feet tall.

'''Rock Springs''' 
Wyoming town, center of the Wyoming oil boom of the late 1970s, early 1980s, known then as a wide open town.

'''Ladies' Friend''' 
a small pistol that could be concealed in a lady's clothing.

'''Creede''' 
Central Colorado town, like Telluride once a mining town, now a ski resort.

==Page 651==

'''Dixies and Fans and Mignonettes''' 
Just typical names of bar girls?

==Page 652==

'''Karawankenbahn . . . Tauern . . . Wochein''' 
A series of tunnels constructed as part of [http://historicaltextarchive.com/books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=2&cid=13 a huge Austrian public works project] in the first years of the 20th century. They are named for ranges of mountains and hills they pass through. The objective was to develop rail transport to the port of Trieste. Read further in this entry for the location of Wochein. 

''Karawankenbahn'' means Karawanken Railway in German. 
Between 1867-1918 Trieste (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_516|page 516:Trieste]]) was part of Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was Austria's first seaport and the principal outlet for the ocean trade of the monarchy. But it did not have adequate railway communication with Austria's interior. To give a great impetus to the trade of Trieste in particular and to the over-sea trade of Austria in general, it was decided in 1901 to build the Karawanken Railway connecting Trieste and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klagenfurt Klagenfurt], the capital of the federal state of Carinthia in Austria. The railway was built over and through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karavanke Karawanken] mountains, Europe's longest (70-mile long) mountain range on the border between current Slovenia and Austria. The ''Karawanken Tunnel'' was opened on October 1, 1906; it is the fourth longest railway tunnel in Austria with a length of over 4.8 miles (7,976 m). (For a [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Karawankentunnel_construction_train.jpg Karawanken Tunnel construction picture]). 

At the same time (1901-1909) another railway, ''Tauernbahn'' (Tauern Railway) over and through the Tauern mountains was built between Schwarzach-St.Veit (in the province of Salzburg) and Spittal an de Drau (in Carinthia). It can reach Trieste by connection through Karawanken and Wochein tunnels. [http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.t/t105381.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en Tauern Railway] passes underneath the Hohe Tauern Mountain Range through the 5-mile long ''Tauern Tunnel'' which was opened on July 7, 1909.

''Wochein'', the old German name, is now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj ''Bohinj''] in Slovenia. It is an alpine valley and a municipality in the north-west of Slovenia, in the Julian Alps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj_railway Bohinj Railway] is a railway in Slovenia extending into Trieste, Italy (both were parts of Austria-Hungary before 1918). It was built in 1904 with a 3.8-mile long ''Bohinj (Wochein) Tunnel'' under the 5,00-ft tall Koblas Mountain.

'''Brigue''' 
French name for the Swiss city of Brig, a historic town with 5,000 inhabitants. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brig,_Switzerland Brigue] is located close to the Swiss-Italian border. The language used in every day transactions is a unique German dialect.

'''Domodossola''' 
An Italian city located at the foot of the Italian Alps, a minor passenger-rail hub. Its strategic location accommodates Swiss rail passengers, acting as an international stopping-point between Locarno (a Swiss city in the Italian language zone) and Brig (a Swiss city in the German language zone) via the Simplon Pass. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domodossola Domodossola]].

'''two parallel galleries''' 
The description of the Simplon tunnel project seems to be close to the facts. The Simplon tunnel consists of two parallel tubes, the first of which was opened in 1905, the second not until 1921. The second gallery this passage refers to was built alongside the first tube in order to supply the workers with fresh air. It was later extended. 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplon_Pass The Simplon Tunnel] is a 12.3-mile long railway tunnel consisting of two separate single-track tunnels completed 16 years apart — the first one opened on June 1, 1906 and the second one October 16, 1922. For half a century it was the world longest railway tunnel. It was planned by Alfred Brandt of the Hamburg firm of Brandt & Brandau, and its construction began in 1898. It was a tremendous feat of engineering in almost impossibly difficult conditions. It seems that Pynchon in describing the tunnel work followed closely [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World].

==Page 653==

'''Brandt drills''' 
Brandt & Brandau were Hamburg engineers responsible for the tunnel project. Possibly also an allusion to Adolf Brand (1874-1945), German homosexual activist and anarchist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Brand Wikipedia article.]. "Brand" is also a German word for fire or combustion.

'''Kanuni Lekë Dukagjinit''' 
should be "Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit". "Kanuni" is Albanian for "code". 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuni_i_Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjinit Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit], ''The Code of Lekë Dukagjini'', is a set of laws developed by an Albanian prince, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini Lekë Dukagjini] (1410-1481), who fought against the Ottoman Empire. These laws were used mostly in northern Albania and Kosovo from the 15th century until the 20th century and were revived recently after the fall of the communist regime in the early 1990s. Some of the most infamous rules specified how murder was supposed to be handled (resembled the Italian ''vendetta'') and it often led to blood feuds that lasted until all the men of the involved families were killed.

'''League of Prizren''' 
Aimed for Albanian unity and autonomy; 1878; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Prizren Wikipedia article.]

==Page 654==

'''''Jetokam, jetokam!''''' 
I'm alive (Albanian).

'''Më fal''' 
Sorry (Albanian).

'''many superstitions inside this mountain''' 
Tunnelers and miners were among the most superstitious trades. Small wonder.

'''history. They suffered from it...survive to see the day.''' 
Title thematic.To see the day History [Time] ended?

==Page 655==

'''''non è vero?''''' 
It's not true?

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
A/k/a Swiss dragon. A mythical creature or cryptid, depending on who you believe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Wikipedia entry]; [http://www.newanimal.org/tatzel.htm Cryptid zoo website.]

The name literally means "pawed worm".

'''[S]ometimes a Tatzelwurm is only a Tatzelwurm.''' 
Echoing the comment attributed to Freud, "sometimes a cigar is just a cigar", the cigar-loving alienist who would have been on the faculty of the University of Vienna at this time.

==Page 656==
'''favogn''' 
Name used mostly in western Switzerland for ''föhn,'' a dry wind blowing down the lee side of the Alps.

'''adiabatic''' 
Term in thermodynamics meaning an absence of heat transfer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process Wikipedia entry.] Also, confusingly and probably not coincidentally, a term in quantum mechanics referring to an infinitely slow change in the Hamiltonian of a system. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process_%28quantum_mechanics%29 Wikipedia entry.] Yes, it's that [[H#hamilton|Hamilton]].

'''balneomaniacs''' 
People avid for mineral baths and spas like those at . . .

'''Baden-Baden . . . Wagga Wagga''' 
In Germany and New South Wales (Australia) respectively.
Names, of course, which suggest bilocation.

'''Moazagotl clouds''' 
A persistent cloud formation associated with the föhn. [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=moazagotl1 Technical definition.]

'''Ruperta Chirpingdon-Groin''' 
Great alliterative last name given her effect on men.

==Page 657==

'''''Macchè, gioia mia''''' 
Italian: No way, my joy!

'''''troglodita''''' 
Spanish: brute, pig. ? Italian: troglodyte, cave dweller, barbarian

'''''Càlmati''''' 
Italian: Take it easy.

'''''Tutto va bene. Un amico di pochi anni fa''''' 
Italian: It's all right. A friend from a few years ago.

'''Ambroid''' 
Synthetic amber used for costume jewelry.

'''''Tesoro''''' 
Italian: treasure.

:Honey

==Page 658==

'''Petite Roquette''' 
A Paris prison later used as a reformatory for boys.

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
Cryptozoologists also use the term "Swiss dragon" for this mythical Alpine beast. Its habitation is not said to be limited to mines and tunnels. Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 655|page 655:Tatzelwurm]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Mostly uninformative Wikipedia entry.]

'''''Ndih'më! . . . Nxito!''''' 
Albanian: Help me!...Quickly!

'''a scream''' 
again that Pynchonian expression of horror as elsewhere in ATD, such as
in the 'inner sands' scenes and GR, of course.

'''''spital''''' 
Various languages: hospital, infirmary.

==Page 659==

'''''bien sûr''''' 
French: certainly. Here "''Of course'' it did."

'''showered again, unlocked his private pulley-rope, lowered his clothes . . . hung his wet working gear on the hook, raised it again and padlocked the rope''' 
from [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World]: 
:"At the top of the building steampipes were fixed, and each man was entitled to his own private rope and padlock; this rope passes over a pulley in the roof, and has a hook at the end to which he can attach his day clothes, . . . and pulling them up by the cord and padlocking it he secures the safety of his belongings. On returning from his work he . . . has his bath, lowers his clothes, and, hanging his wet mining dress on the hook, raises it to the roof. Here it hangs until he again returns to work, when he finds his clothes dry and warm."

'''Domodossola''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 652|page 652:Domodossola]].

'''didn't look back''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

'''They had been good friends, that crew''' 
A number of homoerotic allusions in the preceding passages.

'''St.-Gotthard''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_Rail_Tunnel Gotthard Railway Tunnel] is a 9-mile long tunnel in Switzerland opened in 1882. The tunnel is part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardbahn Gotthardbahn] Gotthard Railway connecting Lucerne through the Alps to Cjiasso on the Swiss-Italian border.

==Page 660==

==Page 661==

'''Intra''' 
Now Verbania, on the shore of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Maggiore Lago Maggiore], Piedmont, in northwest Italy.

'''tramontana''' 
It's a wind coming from the North in Italy, usually cold and cutting.

'''Wilhelm Weber''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_594|page 594:Wilhelm Weber]] (1804-1891), German Physicist.

'''Baron von Waltershausen''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Sartorius_von_Waltershausen Baron Wolfgang von Waltershausen] (1809-1876), a German geologist. He was Friedrich Gauss's close friend and biographer.

'''Riemann knew he was dying''' 
Riemann died of tuberculosis, July 20, 1866.

'''the Seven Weeks' War''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War The Austro-Prussia War] (June 15 — August 23, 1866). Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:Göttingen . . . war with Prussia]].

'''Cassel''' 
Now spells [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel Kassel], a city in Hessen, Germany. It is about 25 miles southwest of Göttingen.

'''Hannover''' 
German name of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover Hanover], a major city of northern Germany. It is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony where Göttingen, about 50 miles south, is also located.

'''Langensalza''' 
Since 1956, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Langensalza Bad Langensalza], a city about 45 miles southeast of Göttingen, in Thuringia, Germany. It was a site of the 1866 Second Battle of Langensalza between Prussia and Hanover during the Seven Weeks' War.

'''Veneto''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneto Veneto region], one of the twenty regions of Italy, is in northeastern Italy by the Adriatic Sea. It consists of seven provinces. One of them is Verona, home to Romeo and Juliet; another one is Venezia, home of Venice.

'''Custozza''' 
Also spells Custoza. A village of northeastern Italy in the province of Verona. It was the site of the Battle of Custozza of June 24, 1866, between Austria and Italy resulted in an Austria's victory.

'''Deep Germany''' 
"the folk-dream behind the Black Forest", and so on to p. 662

'''Black Forest''' 
A wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. It also has the source of the river Danube. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Forest The Black Forest] is part of the continental divide between the Atlantic Ocean watershed and the Black Sea watershed.

==Page 662==

'''elves''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf Elves] are mythical creatures of Germanic mythology and Germanic paganism which still survive in northern European folklore. Elves are often pictured as youthful-seeming men and women of great beauty living in forests and other natural places, underground, or in wells and springs. They have been portrayed to be long-lived or immortal and they have magical powers attributed to them.

'''shadows with undulating tails and moving wings''' 
shadow of Satan image?. Cf. p. 211 
-Feels more like another dragon image to me (following close on the heels of the Tatzelwurm references), due to the size of the shadows and the surrounding imagery in the paragraph.

'''the Haupt-Bahnhof in Frankfurt''' 
the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof Central Railway Station] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt Frankfurt]. Regarding passenger volume alone, it is the second largest station outside Japan. Built close to where in earlier times the gallows had been located.

'''Orient Express''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_567|page 567: the Orient Express]]. The accident mentioned happened on December 7th 1901, though according to [http://www.dooyoo.de/flughaefen-bahnhoefe-national/bahnhof-frankfurt-main/720973/] the train came to rest in the waiting hall rather than the restaurant.

'''collapse of the Campanile in Venice''' 
Bell-tower on St. Mark's Basilica. The campanile reached its present form in 1514. As it stands today, however, the tower is a reconstruction, completed in 1912 after the collapse of 1902. Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 256|page 256:the tower collapses]], [[ATD_243-272#Page 259|page 259:dov'era com'era]], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mark's_Campanile St. Mark's Campanile].

'''roof of the Charing Cross Station''' 
A major railway station in London. The elegant original roof structure collapsed on 5 December 1905. By great fortune, only six lives were lost (two workmen on the roof, a bookstall vendor and three passers-by in the street, where most of the girders fell). It was rebuilt two years later. Cf [[ATD_557-587# Page 577|page 577:Charing Cross]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station Charing Cross Station]. 

So it is now 1906 in this chapter.

'''the revenge of Deep Germany...shameless German primitivism''' 
We have seen an earlier [[ATD 615-643#Page 632|reference]] to deeper Germany, to the pre-Christian, pre-rational Germany, here supposed to be avenging itself upon the mechanised, rational order that has supplanted it.

This pre-Christian Germany was the mythical Golden Age Nazism sought to draw upon and revive. In 1936 G.G. Jung wrote essay entitled "Wotan", in which he argued that the German psyche had been overwhelmed by the sudden awakening of the archetype of the ancient Norse god. Wotan, who had slumbered for 1,000 years, was the god of frenzy and magic and would, Jung predicted, more than likely lead the German people into some cataclysmic event.
 
[Fascinating reference. This reminds me strongly of the Vormance expedition from the "Iceland Spar" section of AtD, which brings some kind of artifact back to civilization, unleashing ruin; cf. pg. 142 for references to Norse gods being reawakened.] 
'''laden''' 
The use of this word in the context of anarchist bombs and collapsed buildings suggests a reference to one "bin Laden."
(quite a stretch....)

==Page 663==

'''''stranniki''''' 
Russian, literally: pilgrims, wanderers. Dissenters from the Russian Orthodox Church; a sect of Old Believers who rejected the Orthodox priesthood and sacraments. cf. ''The Way of the Pilgrim'' 

'''''podpol'niki,'' underground men''' 
They are ''pod pole,'' literally under the floor. Allusion to that religious Russian, Dostoevsky and his
''Notes from Underground'' (''Zapiski iz podpol'ya'').
Interestingly in that work, Dostoyevsky uses a Palace of Crystal as a metaphor for a functionalist utopia where everything works like clockwork and life is a complete bore. The narrator abhors and fears such a state and is obsessed with its destuction. Compare this to the train crash, and the roof and camponile collapse of the section above. Not to mention 9/11. "Shades" of Ted Kaczynnski here.

'''"not the day we knew"''' 
Thematic re day.

'''"extralogical...mathematical work"''' 
math work is beyond logic, mystical-like.

'''smooth-enough World-Line''' 
linear History, not the ATD 'line', with a verbal pairing to 'World-Island', that Pynchonian way of naming the Earth.

Perhaps reference to: world line
n.

The path in space-time traveled by an elementary particle for the time and distance that it retains its identity.

...in general usage, a world line is the sequential path of personal human events (with time and place as dimensions) that marks the history of a person —perhaps starting at the time and place of one's birth until their death.

Much more here: [http://www.answers.com/topic/world-line] from answers.com

==Page 664==

'''Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazzoletta''' 
Allusion to the Davos tuberculosis sanatorium of Thomas Mann's ''The Magic Mountain'', which was indeed the anteroom of death for its protagonist, Hans Castorp, who goes on to be "cured" to serve in World War I, a personification of the death of Europe. Note that, at the sanatorium, Castorp falls in love with a Russian named Madame Chauchat, to whom Yashmeen's presence here may allude.
Alchemy is also a leitmotif of ''The Magic Mountain'', with the sanatorium as an enclosed system in which something is turned to gold (Castorp's enlightenment). 
I might be wrong, but I've found no evidence that a "Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazoletta" ever existed. The name is a compound of a (mock?) Swiss-German word and an Italian-sounding one and thus recalls the Simplon passage.

'''anterooms of death''' 
The metaphor repeated from page 526, now possibly with a different meaning.

'''Borsalino''' 
A fedoras made by Italy's famed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsalino Borsalino] Company.

==Page 665==

'''Glenwood Springs''' 
Colorado town, then as now site of a famous inn and hot springs, hydrotherapy center and spa, located on the main line of the Denver & Rio Grand Western Railroad. Until the early 1980s, a popular excursion was an overnight trip from Denver along the upper Colorado River through Glenwood Canyon to the venerable hotel/baths on the D&RG's venerable rolling stock, the last privately operated passenger train in the U.S. The route is now operated by Amtrak, but the canyon has been ruined by the completion of I-70 through it. Pynchon's sinister railroad of the 1800s has been superseded, has become in its turn a nostalgic retreat from a newer modernity. For Kit, in his eastward trip from home, Glenwood Springs would have been the last large stop before Denver.

'''tunnel Italian''' 
The pidgin Reef learned in the tunnels.

'''St.-Gotthard Tunnel''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 659|page 659:St.-Gotthard]].

'''Bellinzona''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellinzona Bellinzona] is the capital city of the canton Ticino, Switzerland. The city is famous for its three castles — Castelgrande, Montebello and Sasso Corbaro, now part of the UNESCO world heritage.

'''repeated figure being played on an alpenhorn''' 
Ri-i-co-la! The Swiss call the instrument alphorn or alpenhorn.

'''Mouffette''' 
French: Skunk.

'''Papillon''' 
French: Butterfly.
:Any of a breed of small dog related to the spaniel, having a long silky coat, a bushy tail that curves over its back, and large ears shaped like the wings of a butterfly. [http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/8/83/250px-Papillon_sitting_Flickr_edit.jpg picture]

==Page 666==
'''Reader, she bit him.''' 
Reef has failed, both literally and figuratively, to screw the pooch. (and, of course, a parody of the opening sentence of the final chapter of "Jane Eyre")

==Page 667==

'''skeezicks''' 
Affectionate term for a man. The foundling Skeezix was the protagonist of the comic strip "Gasoline Alley."

'''''vint''''' 
A real game. Which Reef here pretends not to understand, a classic card-sharp gambit.

'''''avantyuristka''''' 
Unfortunate placement of the hyphen makes it look as if it's ''avant-'' something, but it's a single Russian word, авантюристка, meaning "adventuress."

==Page 668==

'''reticule''' 
Lady's handbag, especially one made by netting or tatting. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_539|page 539:reticule]].

'''''Ite, missa est''''' 
Last words of the Latin mass: Go, you are sent.

literally: "go, the mass is said" or "go, the mass is done". Yashmeen's way of telling Kit there will be nothing more said about the subject. In more legalistic terms, she could have said "case closed", but there is a religious theme running through the whole page ("Sectarian vector wars, trafficking with the unseen, priesthoods and heresies"; "vows of abstinence").

'''dossing''' 
to sleep; particularly at a common lodging-house or 'doss-house.'

==Page 669==

'''Pinks''' 
Pinkerton agents.

==Page 670==

'''glowing giant amœbas that leave sticky residues''' 
A recent book, ''Spook,'' by Mary Roach, tells how 19th-century mediums prepared these cheesecloth apparitions and secreted them in their vaginas.

==Page 671==

'''''Bozhe moi!''''' 
Russian: My God.

'''bunco man''' 
The original bunco was a dishonest gambling game played with dice. Eventually the word evolved the sense 'the playing of a bunco game', and hence 'swindling or fraud of any sort'. From Spanish, Banco, a card game like monte. First recorded usage in 1870's, when it became popular quickly.

'''speakin as an old bunco man . . . it was him talkin''' 
Reef displaying the kind of skepticism that would eventually explode the whole spiritualist enterprise.

==Page 672==
==Page 673==
'''"I'm screamin again"''' 
Screamin motif in Webb's channelled memory.

==Page 674==

'''"great never-sleeping hydropathic"''' 
Internal and external use of water as a therapeutic treatment for all forms of disease. hydro·pathic (hdr-pathik) , hydro·pathi·cal...American Heritage Dictionary. 
In 1877, the estate became the property of the Craiglockhart Hydropathic Company, who set about building a hydropathic institute. Such was Craiglockhart's function until the advent of the First World War. Between 1916 and 1919 the building was used as a military psychiatric hospital for the treatment of shell-shocked officers. Wikipedia. 
see esp. the next paragraph. 

'''swamper''' 
One who performs general, menial duties.

'''''vis inertiæ''''' 
Latin: force of inertia. Not considered a "force" since Newton.

'''draining away''' 
once more "draining away", though for the first time not referring to light (cf. p.198, 649).

==Page 675==

'''Lee de Forest''' 
cf [[ATD_26-56#Page_29|page 29]]

'''All Kit had anymore''' 
???

'''As light began to steep in...'''

Like on page 566, this dream-passage seems to contain a top-down examination of Kit's progress; of his motives and awareness of complicity in the Traverse vengeance-quest against the Vibes. Similar to Kit's earlier dream(s?), it's a thematic reduction and feels like a significant 'clue':

<blockquote>As light began to steep in around the edges of the window blinds, Kit fell asleep again and dreamed of a bullet en route to the heart of an enemy, traveling for many years and many miles, hitting something now and then and ricocheting off at a different angle but continuing its journey as if conscious of where it must go, and he understood that this zigzagging around through four-dimensional space-time might be expressed as a vector in five dimensions. Whatever the number of ''n'' dimensions it inhabited, an observer would need one extra, ''n'' + 1, to see it and connect the end points to make a single resultant.</blockquote>

'''resultant''' 
notice this word and not 'result' in the above paragraph. 'Resultant' has math vector meanings! ...Issuing or following as a consequence or result. 1. Something that results; an outcome. 2. Mathematics A single vector that is the equivalent of a set of vectors....American Heritage Dictionary.

In addition to the broad narrative summary, there appears to be a metatextual implication here. Regarding the reader in Pynchon's overall 'Against The Day' scheme: the novel ''n'' must be observed from an ''n'' +1 perspective (that is: dimensionally distinct) to connect end-points and weave a single result, to engage and correlate strands and twines into a coherent narrative whole. Without an overarching consciousness there's apparent anarchy: with said consciousness there's meaning and vector. 

Part of which meaning I might argue is that Kit's revengeful bullet is part of the overarching 'problem' of mutual complicity, which we readers have to see. 

[[User:Bean|remy]] 10:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

'''Hour of the Rat''' 
In Chinese astrology, the hours between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m., marking the beginning of a new day. The rat is the first of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac, as it is said to have won the race between them.

==Page 676==

'''Constantza''' 
Constanţa, Romania's seaport on the Black Sea.

'''Too many of us have to sit foolishly by...''' 
Vibe = Vibration, a wave disturbance of the aether; for most of us incoherent force driving human misery, but for the Traverse family a person, a personified malevolence on which vengenace can be wreaked.

==Page 677==

'''Buda-Pesth''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest Budapest], the capital city of Hungary. The cities of Buda and Pest (archaic spelling Pesth) were unified in 1872; the hyphenated spelling persisted for many years.

'''Psychical Research''' 
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a non-profit organization in the United Kingdom whose purpose is to research and investigate supernatural, magical, paranormal, and occult phenomena in a scientific and unbiased manner. It was founded in 1882 by three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge, Edmund Gurney, Frederic William Henry Myers, and Henry Sidgwick, because of their interest in spiritualism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research Wikipedia]. 
Wikipedia has no Budapest connection, but it says the Society was very active in its first thirty years, the time of ATD. A history of the Society might have the Budapest sections.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 644-677

2008-10-11T23:02:01Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 652 */ reformulation

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 644==

'''Union Depot''' 
El Paso's Union Depot Passenger Station was built in 1905. The Depot was the first passenger train station to be built in the United States specifically for international railway traffic. It is located at San Francisco Ave downtown El Paso vey close to the US-Mexico border. There is a rumor around in El Paso that Pancho Villa used the Depot's bell tower as a lookout for the attack of Juárez during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920). The Depot now is listed in the National Register of Historic Commission.

'''El Paso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas El Paso], the sixth largest city in Texas, is located at the western tip of Texas. It is the second largest city along the Mexican border. And lies across the Rio Grande is Juáres, Mexico, the other half of the bi-national metropolitan area.

'''Chamizal''' 
It was a disputed parcel of land between El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The dispute was caused by the differences between the bed of the Rio Grande as surveyed in 1852 and the present channel of the river. The river shifted south continually between 1852 and 1868 with the most radical shift in 1864. As a result, the newly exposed land, about 600 acres, came to be known in Spanish as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamizal El Chamizal], from ''chamiza'', the name of a species of wild cane or reed. The final resolution of the dispute came about only in 1963.

'''E.B. Soltera''' 
''Soltera'' is Spanish: spinster. Estrella Briggs, Unmarried.

'''Regeneration Equipment''' 
In chemical technology "regeneration" means taking a spent product out of the system and cleaning it up for reuse.

'''whiteness''' 
stressed motif. Cf. alabaster temples at the Columbian Exposition.Cf. whiteness in GR.

==Page 645==

'''E.P.T.''' 
El Paso, Texas.

'''buyer beware''' 
That is, ''caveat emptor''.

==Page 646==

'''Sakes''' 
For heaven's sakes.

'''Geronimo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo Geronimo] (1829-1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who fought against the encroachment of the United States on his tribal lands and perople for over 25 years.

'''Willow and Holt''' 
Willow: Stray's sister (pp. 361 & 367), Holt: Willow's husband (p. 367)

==Page 647==

'''''For really it was the sidekick who presented the problem. Restless type. Fair hair, hat back on his head so the big brim sort of haloed his face, shiny eyes and low-set, pointed ears like an elf's...''''' 
Billy the Kid? No, he died in 1881. 
[http://www.imdb.com/gallery/mptv/1258/Mptv/1258/3306_0333.jpg?path=pgallery&path_key=Wilder,%20Gene The Waco Kid,] the gunfighter played by Gene Wilder in ''Blazing Saddles''?

'''Daisy, Daisy''' 
"Daisy Bell" is a popular song whose lyrics ("Daisy, Daisy, Give me your answer do...I'm half crazy, all for the love of you..." as well as the line "...a bicycle built for two") are considerably better known than the song's actual title.
"Daisy Bell" was composed by Harry Dacre in 1892. As David Ewen writes in American Popular Songs: "When Dacre, an English popular composer, first came to the United States, he brought with him a bicycle, for which he was charged duty. His friend (the songwriter William Jerome) remarked lightly: 'It's lucky you didn't bring a bicycle built for two, otherwise you'd have to pay double duty.' Dacre was so taken with the phrase 'bicycle built for two' that he decided to use it in a song. That song, Daisy Bell, first became successful in a London music hall, in a performance by Kate Lawrence. Tony Pastor was the first one to sing it in the United States. Its success in America began when Jennie Lindsay brought down the house with it at the Atlantic Gardens on the Bowery early in 1892." Wikipedia....see this for memorable occasions of its use.
It was evidently sung at the OK Corral gunfight, if TRP says so but I have not substantiated this yet.

:Pynchon did not say Doc Holliday sang "Daisy, Daisy" before or during the Gunfight. But Doc Holliday, in his "rejoinder to Frank McLaury", did use the 1880s' slang phrase "daisy" — according to some accounts. After the Gunfight people then, claimed by Pynchon, used the song "Daisy, Daisy" as a "sort of telegraphic code . . . for Boot Hill" (graveyard, see page 648). 

More popularly, sung by HAL, the failing shipboard computer, as it is disabled in Stanley Kubrick's film ''2001, A Space Odyssey.''

==Page 648==
'''at the O.K. Corral''' 
It refers to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunfight_at_the_O.K._Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral]. The 30-second event occurred on October 26, 1881, in a vacant lot, behind the corral in Tombstone, AZ. It was Wyatt Earp, Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Doc Holliday fought against Frank McLaury, Tom McLaury, Ike Clanton, Billy Clanton, Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller. Frank and Tom McLaury and Billy Clanton were killed while Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Holliday were wounded. The gunfight supposed to be between law-and-order and open banditry and rustling in frontier towns of the Old West. The Gunfight has been the subject of many many books, movies, songs, . . . etc.

'''Boot Hill''' 
It is the name for any number of cemeteries, chiefly in th American West. During the 19th century it was a common name for the burial grounds of gunfighters or those who "died with their boots on" (ie. violently). Also, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_Hill Boot Hill] graves were made for people who died in a strange town without assets for a funeral.
The most famous Boot Hill graveyard of the Old West is, of course, in Tombstone, AZ. Buired at the site are various victims of violence and desease in Tombstone's early years, including those from the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Boot Hill was also the destination for bad-men and those lynched or legally hanged in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone%2C_Arizona Tombstone, AZ].

==Page 649==
'''Rosie's Cantina''' 
As found in Marty Robbins's 1959 hit song "El Paso" (a song frequently covered by the Grateful Dead). When the exiled narrator attempts to return to the cantina, he sees to his right "five mounted cowboys/Off to my left ride a dozen or more."

...Night-time would find me in Rosa's cantina;
Music would play and Felina would whirl.

The rest of the lyrics: [http://www.cowboylyrics.com/lyrics/robbins-marty/el-paso-11889.html El Paso].

'''L.&O.L.''' 
Law and Order League Cf page 644.

also internet slang for Laughing Out Loud (LOL). 
or "Lots of Luck"

'''light draining away''' 
cf. p.198: "He watched the light over the ranges slowly draining away", as Webb dies.

==Page 650==

'''ocotillo''' 
[http://weather.nmsu.edu/AbqPlantList/dshrub/Ocotillo.htm Ocotillo] is a drought-deciduous shrub. It can have anywhere from 6 to 100 wand like branches that grow from the root crown with a stem anywhere from 9 to 30 feet tall.

'''Rock Springs''' 
Wyoming town, center of the Wyoming oil boom of the late 1970s, early 1980s, known then as a wide open town.

'''Ladies' Friend''' 
a small pistol that could be concealed in a lady's clothing.

'''Creede''' 
Central Colorado town, like Telluride once a mining town, now a ski resort.

==Page 651==

'''Dixies and Fans and Mignonettes''' 
Just typical names of bar girls?

==Page 652==

'''Karawankenbahn . . . Tauern . . . Wochein''' 
A series of tunnels constructed as part of [http://historicaltextarchive.com/books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=2&cid=13 a huge Austrian public works project] in the first years of the 20th century. They are named for ranges of mountains and hills they pass through. The objective was to develop rail transport to the port of Trieste. Read further in this entry for the location of Wochein. 

''Karawankenbahn'' means Karawanken Railway in German. 
Between 1867-1918 Trieste (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_516|page 516:Trieste]]) was part of Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was Austria's first seaport and the principal outlet for the ocean trade of the monarchy. But it did not have adequate railway communication with Austria's interior. To give a great impetus to the trade of Trieste in particular and to the over-sea trade of Austria in general, it was decided in 1901 to build the Karawanken Railway connecting Trieste and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klagenfurt Klagenfurt], the capital of the federal state of Carinthia in Austria. The railway was built over and through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karavanke Karawanken] mountains, Europe's longest (70-mile long) mountain range on the border between current Slovenia and Austria. The ''Karawanken Tunnel'' was opened on October 1, 1906; it is the fourth longest railway tunnel in Austria with a length of over 4.8 miles (7,976 m). (For a [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Karawankentunnel_construction_train.jpg Karawanken Tunnel construction picture]). 

At the same time (1901-1909) another railway, ''Tauernbahn'' (Tauern Railway) over and through the Tauern mountains was built between Schwarzach-St.Veit (in the province of Salzburg) and Spittal an de Drau (in Carinthia). It can reach Trieste by connection through Karawanken and Wochein tunnels. [http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.t/t105381.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en Tauern Railway] passes underneath the Hohe Tauern Mountain Range through the 5-mile long ''Tauern Tunnel'' which was opened on July 7, 1909.

''Wochein'', the old German name, is now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj ''Bohinj''] in Slovenia. It is an alpine valley and a municipality in the north-west of Slovenia, in the Julian Alps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj_railway Bohinj Railway] is a railway in Slovenia extending into Trieste, Italy (both were parts of Austria-Hungary before 1918). It was built in 1904 with a 3.8-mile long ''Bohinj (Wochein) Tunnel'' under the 5,00-ft tall Koblas Mountain.

'''Brigue''' 
French name for the Swiss city of Brig, a historic town with 5,000 inhabitants. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brig,_Switzerland Brigue] is located close to the Swiss-Italian border. The language used in every day transactions is a unique German dialect.

'''Domodossola''' 
An Italian city located at the foot of the Italian Alps, a minor passenger-rail hub. Its strategic location accommodates Swiss rail passengers, acting as an international stopping-point between Locarno (a Swiss city in the Italian language zone) and Brig (a Swiss city in the German language zone) via the Simplon Pass. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domodossola Domodossola]].

'''two parallel galleries''' 
The description of the Simplon tunnel project seems to be close to the facts. The Simplon tunnel consists of two parallel tubes, the first of which was opened in 1905, the second not until 1921. The second gallery this passage refers to was built alongside the first tube in order to supply the workers with fresh air. It was later extended. 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplon_Pass The Simplon Tunnel] is a 12.3-mile long railway tunnel consisting of two separate single-track tunnels completed 16 years apart — the first one opened on June 1, 1906 and the second one October 16, 1922. For half a century it was the world longest railway tunnel. It was planned by Alfred Brandt of the Hamburg firm of Brandt & Brandau, and its construction began in 1898. It was a tremendous feat of engineering in almost impossibly difficult conditions. It seems that Pynchon in describing the tunnel work followed closely [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World].

==Page 653==

'''Brandt drills''' 
Brandt & Brandau were Hamburg engineers responsible for the tunnel project. Possibly also an allusion to Adolf Brand (1874-1945), German homosexual activist and anarchist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Brand Wikipedia article.]. "Brand" is also a German word for fire or combustion.

'''Kanuni Lekë Dukagjinit''' 
should be "Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit". "Kanuni" is Albanian for "code". 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuni_i_Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjinit Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit], ''The Code of Lekë Dukagjini'', is a set of laws developed by an Albanian prince, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini Lekë Dukagjini] (1410-1481), who fought against the Ottoman Empire. These laws were used mostly in northern Albania and Kosovo from the 15th century until the 20th century and were revived recently after the fall of the communist regime in the early 1990s. Some of the most infamous rules specified how murder was supposed to be handled (resembled the Italian ''vendetta'') and it often led to blood feuds that lasted until all the men of the involved families were killed.

'''League of Prizren''' 
Aimed for Albanian unity and autonomy; 1878; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Prizren Wikipedia article.]

==Page 654==

'''''Jetokam, jetokam!''''' 
I'm alive (Albanian).

'''Më fal''' 
Sorry (Albanian).

'''many superstitions inside this mountain''' 
Tunnelers and miners were among the most superstitious trades. Small wonder.

'''history. They suffered from it...survive to see the day.''' 
Title thematic.To see the day History [Time] ended?

==Page 655==

'''''non è vero?''''' 
It's not true?

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
A/k/a Swiss dragon. A mythical creature or cryptid, depending on who you believe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Wikipedia entry]; [http://www.newanimal.org/tatzel.htm Cryptid zoo website.]

'''[S]ometimes a Tatzelwurm is only a Tatzelwurm.''' 
Echoing the comment attributed to Freud, "sometimes a cigar is just a cigar", the cigar-loving alienist who would have been on the faculty of the University of Vienna at this time.

==Page 656==
'''favogn''' 
Name used mostly in western Switzerland for ''föhn,'' a dry wind blowing down the lee side of the Alps.

'''adiabatic''' 
Term in thermodynamics meaning an absence of heat transfer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process Wikipedia entry.] Also, confusingly and probably not coincidentally, a term in quantum mechanics referring to an infinitely slow change in the Hamiltonian of a system. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process_%28quantum_mechanics%29 Wikipedia entry.] Yes, it's that [[H#hamilton|Hamilton]].

'''balneomaniacs''' 
People avid for mineral baths and spas like those at . . .

'''Baden-Baden . . . Wagga Wagga''' 
In Germany and New South Wales (Australia) respectively.
Names, of course, which suggest bilocation.

'''Moazagotl clouds''' 
A persistent cloud formation associated with the föhn. [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=moazagotl1 Technical definition.]

'''Ruperta Chirpingdon-Groin''' 
Great alliterative last name given her effect on men.

==Page 657==

'''''Macchè, gioia mia''''' 
Italian: No way, my joy!

'''''troglodita''''' 
Spanish: brute, pig. ? Italian: troglodyte, cave dweller, barbarian

'''''Càlmati''''' 
Italian: Take it easy.

'''''Tutto va bene. Un amico di pochi anni fa''''' 
Italian: It's all right. A friend from a few years ago.

'''Ambroid''' 
Synthetic amber used for costume jewelry.

'''''Tesoro''''' 
Italian: treasure.

:Honey

==Page 658==

'''Petite Roquette''' 
A Paris prison later used as a reformatory for boys.

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
Cryptozoologists also use the term "Swiss dragon" for this mythical Alpine beast. Its habitation is not said to be limited to mines and tunnels. Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 655|page 655:Tatzelwurm]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Mostly uninformative Wikipedia entry.]

'''''Ndih'më! . . . Nxito!''''' 
Albanian: Help me!...Quickly!

'''a scream''' 
again that Pynchonian expression of horror as elsewhere in ATD, such as
in the 'inner sands' scenes and GR, of course.

'''''spital''''' 
Various languages: hospital, infirmary.

==Page 659==

'''''bien sûr''''' 
French: certainly. Here "''Of course'' it did."

'''showered again, unlocked his private pulley-rope, lowered his clothes . . . hung his wet working gear on the hook, raised it again and padlocked the rope''' 
from [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World]: 
:"At the top of the building steampipes were fixed, and each man was entitled to his own private rope and padlock; this rope passes over a pulley in the roof, and has a hook at the end to which he can attach his day clothes, . . . and pulling them up by the cord and padlocking it he secures the safety of his belongings. On returning from his work he . . . has his bath, lowers his clothes, and, hanging his wet mining dress on the hook, raises it to the roof. Here it hangs until he again returns to work, when he finds his clothes dry and warm."

'''Domodossola''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 652|page 652:Domodossola]].

'''didn't look back''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

'''They had been good friends, that crew''' 
A number of homoerotic allusions in the preceding passages.

'''St.-Gotthard''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_Rail_Tunnel Gotthard Railway Tunnel] is a 9-mile long tunnel in Switzerland opened in 1882. The tunnel is part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardbahn Gotthardbahn] Gotthard Railway connecting Lucerne through the Alps to Cjiasso on the Swiss-Italian border.

==Page 660==

==Page 661==

'''Intra''' 
Now Verbania, on the shore of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Maggiore Lago Maggiore], Piedmont, in northwest Italy.

'''tramontana''' 
It's a wind coming from the North in Italy, usually cold and cutting.

'''Wilhelm Weber''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_594|page 594:Wilhelm Weber]] (1804-1891), German Physicist.

'''Baron von Waltershausen''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Sartorius_von_Waltershausen Baron Wolfgang von Waltershausen] (1809-1876), a German geologist. He was Friedrich Gauss's close friend and biographer.

'''Riemann knew he was dying''' 
Riemann died of tuberculosis, July 20, 1866.

'''the Seven Weeks' War''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War The Austro-Prussia War] (June 15 — August 23, 1866). Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:Göttingen . . . war with Prussia]].

'''Cassel''' 
Now spells [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel Kassel], a city in Hessen, Germany. It is about 25 miles southwest of Göttingen.

'''Hannover''' 
German name of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover Hanover], a major city of northern Germany. It is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony where Göttingen, about 50 miles south, is also located.

'''Langensalza''' 
Since 1956, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Langensalza Bad Langensalza], a city about 45 miles southeast of Göttingen, in Thuringia, Germany. It was a site of the 1866 Second Battle of Langensalza between Prussia and Hanover during the Seven Weeks' War.

'''Veneto''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneto Veneto region], one of the twenty regions of Italy, is in northeastern Italy by the Adriatic Sea. It consists of seven provinces. One of them is Verona, home to Romeo and Juliet; another one is Venezia, home of Venice.

'''Custozza''' 
Also spells Custoza. A village of northeastern Italy in the province of Verona. It was the site of the Battle of Custozza of June 24, 1866, between Austria and Italy resulted in an Austria's victory.

'''Deep Germany''' 
"the folk-dream behind the Black Forest", and so on to p. 662

'''Black Forest''' 
A wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. It also has the source of the river Danube. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Forest The Black Forest] is part of the continental divide between the Atlantic Ocean watershed and the Black Sea watershed.

==Page 662==

'''elves''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf Elves] are mythical creatures of Germanic mythology and Germanic paganism which still survive in northern European folklore. Elves are often pictured as youthful-seeming men and women of great beauty living in forests and other natural places, underground, or in wells and springs. They have been portrayed to be long-lived or immortal and they have magical powers attributed to them.

'''shadows with undulating tails and moving wings''' 
shadow of Satan image?. Cf. p. 211 
-Feels more like another dragon image to me (following close on the heels of the Tatzelwurm references), due to the size of the shadows and the surrounding imagery in the paragraph.

'''the Haupt-Bahnhof in Frankfurt''' 
the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof Central Railway Station] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt Frankfurt]. Regarding passenger volume alone, it is the second largest station outside Japan. Built close to where in earlier times the gallows had been located.

'''Orient Express''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_567|page 567: the Orient Express]]. The accident mentioned happened on December 7th 1901, though according to [http://www.dooyoo.de/flughaefen-bahnhoefe-national/bahnhof-frankfurt-main/720973/] the train came to rest in the waiting hall rather than the restaurant.

'''collapse of the Campanile in Venice''' 
Bell-tower on St. Mark's Basilica. The campanile reached its present form in 1514. As it stands today, however, the tower is a reconstruction, completed in 1912 after the collapse of 1902. Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 256|page 256:the tower collapses]], [[ATD_243-272#Page 259|page 259:dov'era com'era]], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mark's_Campanile St. Mark's Campanile].

'''roof of the Charing Cross Station''' 
A major railway station in London. The elegant original roof structure collapsed on 5 December 1905. By great fortune, only six lives were lost (two workmen on the roof, a bookstall vendor and three passers-by in the street, where most of the girders fell). It was rebuilt two years later. Cf [[ATD_557-587# Page 577|page 577:Charing Cross]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station Charing Cross Station]. 

So it is now 1906 in this chapter.

'''the revenge of Deep Germany...shameless German primitivism''' 
We have seen an earlier [[ATD 615-643#Page 632|reference]] to deeper Germany, to the pre-Christian, pre-rational Germany, here supposed to be avenging itself upon the mechanised, rational order that has supplanted it.

This pre-Christian Germany was the mythical Golden Age Nazism sought to draw upon and revive. In 1936 G.G. Jung wrote essay entitled "Wotan", in which he argued that the German psyche had been overwhelmed by the sudden awakening of the archetype of the ancient Norse god. Wotan, who had slumbered for 1,000 years, was the god of frenzy and magic and would, Jung predicted, more than likely lead the German people into some cataclysmic event.
 
[Fascinating reference. This reminds me strongly of the Vormance expedition from the "Iceland Spar" section of AtD, which brings some kind of artifact back to civilization, unleashing ruin; cf. pg. 142 for references to Norse gods being reawakened.] 
'''laden''' 
The use of this word in the context of anarchist bombs and collapsed buildings suggests a reference to one "bin Laden."
(quite a stretch....)

==Page 663==

'''''stranniki''''' 
Russian, literally: pilgrims, wanderers. Dissenters from the Russian Orthodox Church; a sect of Old Believers who rejected the Orthodox priesthood and sacraments. cf. ''The Way of the Pilgrim'' 

'''''podpol'niki,'' underground men''' 
They are ''pod pole,'' literally under the floor. Allusion to that religious Russian, Dostoevsky and his
''Notes from Underground'' (''Zapiski iz podpol'ya'').
Interestingly in that work, Dostoyevsky uses a Palace of Crystal as a metaphor for a functionalist utopia where everything works like clockwork and life is a complete bore. The narrator abhors and fears such a state and is obsessed with its destuction. Compare this to the train crash, and the roof and camponile collapse of the section above. Not to mention 9/11. "Shades" of Ted Kaczynnski here.

'''"not the day we knew"''' 
Thematic re day.

'''"extralogical...mathematical work"''' 
math work is beyond logic, mystical-like.

'''smooth-enough World-Line''' 
linear History, not the ATD 'line', with a verbal pairing to 'World-Island', that Pynchonian way of naming the Earth.

Perhaps reference to: world line
n.

The path in space-time traveled by an elementary particle for the time and distance that it retains its identity.

...in general usage, a world line is the sequential path of personal human events (with time and place as dimensions) that marks the history of a person —perhaps starting at the time and place of one's birth until their death.

Much more here: [http://www.answers.com/topic/world-line] from answers.com

==Page 664==

'''Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazzoletta''' 
Allusion to the Davos tuberculosis sanatorium of Thomas Mann's ''The Magic Mountain'', which was indeed the anteroom of death for its protagonist, Hans Castorp, who goes on to be "cured" to serve in World War I, a personification of the death of Europe. Note that, at the sanatorium, Castorp falls in love with a Russian named Madame Chauchat, to whom Yashmeen's presence here may allude.
Alchemy is also a leitmotif of ''The Magic Mountain'', with the sanatorium as an enclosed system in which something is turned to gold (Castorp's enlightenment). 
I might be wrong, but I've found no evidence that a "Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazoletta" ever existed. The name is a compound of a (mock?) Swiss-German word and an Italian-sounding one and thus recalls the Simplon passage.

'''anterooms of death''' 
The metaphor repeated from page 526, now possibly with a different meaning.

'''Borsalino''' 
A fedoras made by Italy's famed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsalino Borsalino] Company.

==Page 665==

'''Glenwood Springs''' 
Colorado town, then as now site of a famous inn and hot springs, hydrotherapy center and spa, located on the main line of the Denver & Rio Grand Western Railroad. Until the early 1980s, a popular excursion was an overnight trip from Denver along the upper Colorado River through Glenwood Canyon to the venerable hotel/baths on the D&RG's venerable rolling stock, the last privately operated passenger train in the U.S. The route is now operated by Amtrak, but the canyon has been ruined by the completion of I-70 through it. Pynchon's sinister railroad of the 1800s has been superseded, has become in its turn a nostalgic retreat from a newer modernity. For Kit, in his eastward trip from home, Glenwood Springs would have been the last large stop before Denver.

'''tunnel Italian''' 
The pidgin Reef learned in the tunnels.

'''St.-Gotthard Tunnel''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 659|page 659:St.-Gotthard]].

'''Bellinzona''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellinzona Bellinzona] is the capital city of the canton Ticino, Switzerland. The city is famous for its three castles — Castelgrande, Montebello and Sasso Corbaro, now part of the UNESCO world heritage.

'''repeated figure being played on an alpenhorn''' 
Ri-i-co-la! The Swiss call the instrument alphorn or alpenhorn.

'''Mouffette''' 
French: Skunk.

'''Papillon''' 
French: Butterfly.
:Any of a breed of small dog related to the spaniel, having a long silky coat, a bushy tail that curves over its back, and large ears shaped like the wings of a butterfly. [http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/8/83/250px-Papillon_sitting_Flickr_edit.jpg picture]

==Page 666==
'''Reader, she bit him.''' 
Reef has failed, both literally and figuratively, to screw the pooch. (and, of course, a parody of the opening sentence of the final chapter of "Jane Eyre")

==Page 667==

'''skeezicks''' 
Affectionate term for a man. The foundling Skeezix was the protagonist of the comic strip "Gasoline Alley."

'''''vint''''' 
A real game. Which Reef here pretends not to understand, a classic card-sharp gambit.

'''''avantyuristka''''' 
Unfortunate placement of the hyphen makes it look as if it's ''avant-'' something, but it's a single Russian word, авантюристка, meaning "adventuress."

==Page 668==

'''reticule''' 
Lady's handbag, especially one made by netting or tatting. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_539|page 539:reticule]].

'''''Ite, missa est''''' 
Last words of the Latin mass: Go, you are sent.

literally: "go, the mass is said" or "go, the mass is done". Yashmeen's way of telling Kit there will be nothing more said about the subject. In more legalistic terms, she could have said "case closed", but there is a religious theme running through the whole page ("Sectarian vector wars, trafficking with the unseen, priesthoods and heresies"; "vows of abstinence").

'''dossing''' 
to sleep; particularly at a common lodging-house or 'doss-house.'

==Page 669==

'''Pinks''' 
Pinkerton agents.

==Page 670==

'''glowing giant amœbas that leave sticky residues''' 
A recent book, ''Spook,'' by Mary Roach, tells how 19th-century mediums prepared these cheesecloth apparitions and secreted them in their vaginas.

==Page 671==

'''''Bozhe moi!''''' 
Russian: My God.

'''bunco man''' 
The original bunco was a dishonest gambling game played with dice. Eventually the word evolved the sense 'the playing of a bunco game', and hence 'swindling or fraud of any sort'. From Spanish, Banco, a card game like monte. First recorded usage in 1870's, when it became popular quickly.

'''speakin as an old bunco man . . . it was him talkin''' 
Reef displaying the kind of skepticism that would eventually explode the whole spiritualist enterprise.

==Page 672==
==Page 673==
'''"I'm screamin again"''' 
Screamin motif in Webb's channelled memory.

==Page 674==

'''"great never-sleeping hydropathic"''' 
Internal and external use of water as a therapeutic treatment for all forms of disease. hydro·pathic (hdr-pathik) , hydro·pathi·cal...American Heritage Dictionary. 
In 1877, the estate became the property of the Craiglockhart Hydropathic Company, who set about building a hydropathic institute. Such was Craiglockhart's function until the advent of the First World War. Between 1916 and 1919 the building was used as a military psychiatric hospital for the treatment of shell-shocked officers. Wikipedia. 
see esp. the next paragraph. 

'''swamper''' 
One who performs general, menial duties.

'''''vis inertiæ''''' 
Latin: force of inertia. Not considered a "force" since Newton.

'''draining away''' 
once more "draining away", though for the first time not referring to light (cf. p.198, 649).

==Page 675==

'''Lee de Forest''' 
cf [[ATD_26-56#Page_29|page 29]]

'''All Kit had anymore''' 
???

'''As light began to steep in...'''

Like on page 566, this dream-passage seems to contain a top-down examination of Kit's progress; of his motives and awareness of complicity in the Traverse vengeance-quest against the Vibes. Similar to Kit's earlier dream(s?), it's a thematic reduction and feels like a significant 'clue':

<blockquote>As light began to steep in around the edges of the window blinds, Kit fell asleep again and dreamed of a bullet en route to the heart of an enemy, traveling for many years and many miles, hitting something now and then and ricocheting off at a different angle but continuing its journey as if conscious of where it must go, and he understood that this zigzagging around through four-dimensional space-time might be expressed as a vector in five dimensions. Whatever the number of ''n'' dimensions it inhabited, an observer would need one extra, ''n'' + 1, to see it and connect the end points to make a single resultant.</blockquote>

'''resultant''' 
notice this word and not 'result' in the above paragraph. 'Resultant' has math vector meanings! ...Issuing or following as a consequence or result. 1. Something that results; an outcome. 2. Mathematics A single vector that is the equivalent of a set of vectors....American Heritage Dictionary.

In addition to the broad narrative summary, there appears to be a metatextual implication here. Regarding the reader in Pynchon's overall 'Against The Day' scheme: the novel ''n'' must be observed from an ''n'' +1 perspective (that is: dimensionally distinct) to connect end-points and weave a single result, to engage and correlate strands and twines into a coherent narrative whole. Without an overarching consciousness there's apparent anarchy: with said consciousness there's meaning and vector. 

Part of which meaning I might argue is that Kit's revengeful bullet is part of the overarching 'problem' of mutual complicity, which we readers have to see. 

[[User:Bean|remy]] 10:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

'''Hour of the Rat''' 
In Chinese astrology, the hours between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m., marking the beginning of a new day. The rat is the first of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac, as it is said to have won the race between them.

==Page 676==

'''Constantza''' 
Constanţa, Romania's seaport on the Black Sea.

'''Too many of us have to sit foolishly by...''' 
Vibe = Vibration, a wave disturbance of the aether; for most of us incoherent force driving human misery, but for the Traverse family a person, a personified malevolence on which vengenace can be wreaked.

==Page 677==

'''Buda-Pesth''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest Budapest], the capital city of Hungary. The cities of Buda and Pest (archaic spelling Pesth) were unified in 1872; the hyphenated spelling persisted for many years.

'''Psychical Research''' 
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a non-profit organization in the United Kingdom whose purpose is to research and investigate supernatural, magical, paranormal, and occult phenomena in a scientific and unbiased manner. It was founded in 1882 by three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge, Edmund Gurney, Frederic William Henry Myers, and Henry Sidgwick, because of their interest in spiritualism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research Wikipedia]. 
Wikipedia has no Budapest connection, but it says the Society was very active in its first thirty years, the time of ATD. A history of the Society might have the Budapest sections.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 644-677

2008-10-11T22:56:40Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 652 */ typos

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 644==

'''Union Depot''' 
El Paso's Union Depot Passenger Station was built in 1905. The Depot was the first passenger train station to be built in the United States specifically for international railway traffic. It is located at San Francisco Ave downtown El Paso vey close to the US-Mexico border. There is a rumor around in El Paso that Pancho Villa used the Depot's bell tower as a lookout for the attack of Juárez during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920). The Depot now is listed in the National Register of Historic Commission.

'''El Paso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas El Paso], the sixth largest city in Texas, is located at the western tip of Texas. It is the second largest city along the Mexican border. And lies across the Rio Grande is Juáres, Mexico, the other half of the bi-national metropolitan area.

'''Chamizal''' 
It was a disputed parcel of land between El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The dispute was caused by the differences between the bed of the Rio Grande as surveyed in 1852 and the present channel of the river. The river shifted south continually between 1852 and 1868 with the most radical shift in 1864. As a result, the newly exposed land, about 600 acres, came to be known in Spanish as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamizal El Chamizal], from ''chamiza'', the name of a species of wild cane or reed. The final resolution of the dispute came about only in 1963.

'''E.B. Soltera''' 
''Soltera'' is Spanish: spinster. Estrella Briggs, Unmarried.

'''Regeneration Equipment''' 
In chemical technology "regeneration" means taking a spent product out of the system and cleaning it up for reuse.

'''whiteness''' 
stressed motif. Cf. alabaster temples at the Columbian Exposition.Cf. whiteness in GR.

==Page 645==

'''E.P.T.''' 
El Paso, Texas.

'''buyer beware''' 
That is, ''caveat emptor''.

==Page 646==

'''Sakes''' 
For heaven's sakes.

'''Geronimo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo Geronimo] (1829-1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who fought against the encroachment of the United States on his tribal lands and perople for over 25 years.

'''Willow and Holt''' 
Willow: Stray's sister (pp. 361 & 367), Holt: Willow's husband (p. 367)

==Page 647==

'''''For really it was the sidekick who presented the problem. Restless type. Fair hair, hat back on his head so the big brim sort of haloed his face, shiny eyes and low-set, pointed ears like an elf's...''''' 
Billy the Kid? No, he died in 1881. 
[http://www.imdb.com/gallery/mptv/1258/Mptv/1258/3306_0333.jpg?path=pgallery&path_key=Wilder,%20Gene The Waco Kid,] the gunfighter played by Gene Wilder in ''Blazing Saddles''?

'''Daisy, Daisy''' 
"Daisy Bell" is a popular song whose lyrics ("Daisy, Daisy, Give me your answer do...I'm half crazy, all for the love of you..." as well as the line "...a bicycle built for two") are considerably better known than the song's actual title.
"Daisy Bell" was composed by Harry Dacre in 1892. As David Ewen writes in American Popular Songs: "When Dacre, an English popular composer, first came to the United States, he brought with him a bicycle, for which he was charged duty. His friend (the songwriter William Jerome) remarked lightly: 'It's lucky you didn't bring a bicycle built for two, otherwise you'd have to pay double duty.' Dacre was so taken with the phrase 'bicycle built for two' that he decided to use it in a song. That song, Daisy Bell, first became successful in a London music hall, in a performance by Kate Lawrence. Tony Pastor was the first one to sing it in the United States. Its success in America began when Jennie Lindsay brought down the house with it at the Atlantic Gardens on the Bowery early in 1892." Wikipedia....see this for memorable occasions of its use.
It was evidently sung at the OK Corral gunfight, if TRP says so but I have not substantiated this yet.

:Pynchon did not say Doc Holliday sang "Daisy, Daisy" before or during the Gunfight. But Doc Holliday, in his "rejoinder to Frank McLaury", did use the 1880s' slang phrase "daisy" — according to some accounts. After the Gunfight people then, claimed by Pynchon, used the song "Daisy, Daisy" as a "sort of telegraphic code . . . for Boot Hill" (graveyard, see page 648). 

More popularly, sung by HAL, the failing shipboard computer, as it is disabled in Stanley Kubrick's film ''2001, A Space Odyssey.''

==Page 648==
'''at the O.K. Corral''' 
It refers to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunfight_at_the_O.K._Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral]. The 30-second event occurred on October 26, 1881, in a vacant lot, behind the corral in Tombstone, AZ. It was Wyatt Earp, Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Doc Holliday fought against Frank McLaury, Tom McLaury, Ike Clanton, Billy Clanton, Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller. Frank and Tom McLaury and Billy Clanton were killed while Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Holliday were wounded. The gunfight supposed to be between law-and-order and open banditry and rustling in frontier towns of the Old West. The Gunfight has been the subject of many many books, movies, songs, . . . etc.

'''Boot Hill''' 
It is the name for any number of cemeteries, chiefly in th American West. During the 19th century it was a common name for the burial grounds of gunfighters or those who "died with their boots on" (ie. violently). Also, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_Hill Boot Hill] graves were made for people who died in a strange town without assets for a funeral.
The most famous Boot Hill graveyard of the Old West is, of course, in Tombstone, AZ. Buired at the site are various victims of violence and desease in Tombstone's early years, including those from the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Boot Hill was also the destination for bad-men and those lynched or legally hanged in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone%2C_Arizona Tombstone, AZ].

==Page 649==
'''Rosie's Cantina''' 
As found in Marty Robbins's 1959 hit song "El Paso" (a song frequently covered by the Grateful Dead). When the exiled narrator attempts to return to the cantina, he sees to his right "five mounted cowboys/Off to my left ride a dozen or more."

...Night-time would find me in Rosa's cantina;
Music would play and Felina would whirl.

The rest of the lyrics: [http://www.cowboylyrics.com/lyrics/robbins-marty/el-paso-11889.html El Paso].

'''L.&O.L.''' 
Law and Order League Cf page 644.

also internet slang for Laughing Out Loud (LOL). 
or "Lots of Luck"

'''light draining away''' 
cf. p.198: "He watched the light over the ranges slowly draining away", as Webb dies.

==Page 650==

'''ocotillo''' 
[http://weather.nmsu.edu/AbqPlantList/dshrub/Ocotillo.htm Ocotillo] is a drought-deciduous shrub. It can have anywhere from 6 to 100 wand like branches that grow from the root crown with a stem anywhere from 9 to 30 feet tall.

'''Rock Springs''' 
Wyoming town, center of the Wyoming oil boom of the late 1970s, early 1980s, known then as a wide open town.

'''Ladies' Friend''' 
a small pistol that could be concealed in a lady's clothing.

'''Creede''' 
Central Colorado town, like Telluride once a mining town, now a ski resort.

==Page 651==

'''Dixies and Fans and Mignonettes''' 
Just typical names of bar girls?

==Page 652==

'''Karawankenbahn . . . Tauern . . . Wochein''' 
A series of tunnels constructed as part of [http://historicaltextarchive.com/books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=2&cid=13 a huge Austrian public works project] in the first years of the 20th century. They are named for ranges of mountains and hills they pass through. The objective was to develop rail transport to the port of Trieste. Read further in this entry for the location of Wochein. 

''Karawankenbahn'' means Karawanken Railway in German. 
Between 1867-1918 Trieste (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_516|page 516:Trieste]]) was part of Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was Austria's first seaport and the principal outlet for the ocean trade of the monarchy. But it did not have adequate railway communication with Austria's interior. To give a great impetus to the trade of Trieste in particular and to the over-sea trade of Austria in general, it was decided in 1901 to build the Karawanken Railway connecting Trieste and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klagenfurt Klagenfurt], the capital of the federal state of Carinthia in Austria. The railway was built over and through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karavanke Karawanken] mountains, Europe's longest (70-mile long) mountain range on the border between current Slovenia and Austria. The ''Karawanken Tunnel'' was opened on October 1, 1906; it is the fourth longest railway tunnel in Austria with a length of over 4.8 miles (7,976 m). (For a [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Karawankentunnel_construction_train.jpg Karawanken Tunnel construction picture]). 

At the same time (1901-1909) another railway, ''Tauernbahn'' (Tauern Railway) over and through the Tauern mountains was built between Schwarzach-St.Veit (in the province of Salzburg) and Spittal an de Drau (in Carinthia). It can reach Trieste by connection through Karawanken and Wochein tunnels. [http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.t/t105381.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en Tauern Railway] passes underneath the Hohe Tauern Mountain Range through the 5-mile long ''Tauern Tunnel'' which was opened on July 7, 1909.

''Wochein'', the old German name, is now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj ''Bohinj''] in Slovenia. It is an alpine valley and a municipality in the north-west of Slovenia, in the Julian Alps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj_railway Bohinj Railway] is a railway in Slovenia extending into Trieste, Italy (both were parts of Austria-Hungary before 1918). It was built in 1904 with a 3.8-mile long ''Bohinj (Wochein) Tunnel'' under the 5,00-ft tall Koblas Mountain.

'''Brigue''' 
French name for the Swiss city of Brig, a historic town with 5,000 inhabitants. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brig,_Switzerland Brigue] is located close to the Swiss-Italian borders. The language used in every day transactions is a uique German dialect.

'''Domodossola''' 
An Italian city located at the foot of the Italian Alps, a minor passenger-rail hub. Its strategic location accommodates Swiss rail passengers, acting as an international stopping-point between Locarno (a Swiss city of Italian language) and Brig (a Swiss city of German language) through the Simplon Pass. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domodossola Domodossola]].

'''two parallel galleries''' 
The description of the Simplon tunnel project seems to be close to the facts. The Simplon tunnel consists of two parallel tubes, the first of which was opened in 1905, the second not until 1921. The second gallery this passage refers to was built alongside the first tube in order to supply the workers with fresh air. It was later extended. 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplon_Pass The Simplon Tunnel] is a 12.3-mile long railway tunnel consisting of two separate single-track tunnels completed 16 years apart — the first one opened on June 1, 1906 and the second one October 16, 1922. For half a century it was the world longest railway tunnel. It was planned by Alfred Brandt of the Hamburg firm of Brandt & Brandau, and its construction began in 1898. It was a tremendous feat of engineering in almost impossibly difficult conditions. It seems that Pynchon in describing the tunnel work followed closely [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World].

==Page 653==

'''Brandt drills''' 
Brandt & Brandau were Hamburg engineers responsible for the tunnel project. Possibly also an allusion to Adolf Brand (1874-1945), German homosexual activist and anarchist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Brand Wikipedia article.]. "Brand" is also a German word for fire or combustion.

'''Kanuni Lekë Dukagjinit''' 
should be "Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit". "Kanuni" is Albanian for "code". 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuni_i_Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjinit Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit], ''The Code of Lekë Dukagjini'', is a set of laws developed by an Albanian prince, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini Lekë Dukagjini] (1410-1481), who fought against the Ottoman Empire. These laws were used mostly in northern Albania and Kosovo from the 15th century until the 20th century and were revived recently after the fall of the communist regime in the early 1990s. Some of the most infamous rules specified how murder was supposed to be handled (resembled the Italian ''vendetta'') and it often led to blood feuds that lasted until all the men of the involved families were killed.

'''League of Prizren''' 
Aimed for Albanian unity and autonomy; 1878; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Prizren Wikipedia article.]

==Page 654==

'''''Jetokam, jetokam!''''' 
I'm alive (Albanian).

'''Më fal''' 
Sorry (Albanian).

'''many superstitions inside this mountain''' 
Tunnelers and miners were among the most superstitious trades. Small wonder.

'''history. They suffered from it...survive to see the day.''' 
Title thematic.To see the day History [Time] ended?

==Page 655==

'''''non è vero?''''' 
It's not true?

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
A/k/a Swiss dragon. A mythical creature or cryptid, depending on who you believe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Wikipedia entry]; [http://www.newanimal.org/tatzel.htm Cryptid zoo website.]

'''[S]ometimes a Tatzelwurm is only a Tatzelwurm.''' 
Echoing the comment attributed to Freud, "sometimes a cigar is just a cigar", the cigar-loving alienist who would have been on the faculty of the University of Vienna at this time.

==Page 656==
'''favogn''' 
Name used mostly in western Switzerland for ''föhn,'' a dry wind blowing down the lee side of the Alps.

'''adiabatic''' 
Term in thermodynamics meaning an absence of heat transfer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process Wikipedia entry.] Also, confusingly and probably not coincidentally, a term in quantum mechanics referring to an infinitely slow change in the Hamiltonian of a system. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process_%28quantum_mechanics%29 Wikipedia entry.] Yes, it's that [[H#hamilton|Hamilton]].

'''balneomaniacs''' 
People avid for mineral baths and spas like those at . . .

'''Baden-Baden . . . Wagga Wagga''' 
In Germany and New South Wales (Australia) respectively.
Names, of course, which suggest bilocation.

'''Moazagotl clouds''' 
A persistent cloud formation associated with the föhn. [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=moazagotl1 Technical definition.]

'''Ruperta Chirpingdon-Groin''' 
Great alliterative last name given her effect on men.

==Page 657==

'''''Macchè, gioia mia''''' 
Italian: No way, my joy!

'''''troglodita''''' 
Spanish: brute, pig. ? Italian: troglodyte, cave dweller, barbarian

'''''Càlmati''''' 
Italian: Take it easy.

'''''Tutto va bene. Un amico di pochi anni fa''''' 
Italian: It's all right. A friend from a few years ago.

'''Ambroid''' 
Synthetic amber used for costume jewelry.

'''''Tesoro''''' 
Italian: treasure.

:Honey

==Page 658==

'''Petite Roquette''' 
A Paris prison later used as a reformatory for boys.

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
Cryptozoologists also use the term "Swiss dragon" for this mythical Alpine beast. Its habitation is not said to be limited to mines and tunnels. Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 655|page 655:Tatzelwurm]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Mostly uninformative Wikipedia entry.]

'''''Ndih'më! . . . Nxito!''''' 
Albanian: Help me!...Quickly!

'''a scream''' 
again that Pynchonian expression of horror as elsewhere in ATD, such as
in the 'inner sands' scenes and GR, of course.

'''''spital''''' 
Various languages: hospital, infirmary.

==Page 659==

'''''bien sûr''''' 
French: certainly. Here "''Of course'' it did."

'''showered again, unlocked his private pulley-rope, lowered his clothes . . . hung his wet working gear on the hook, raised it again and padlocked the rope''' 
from [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World]: 
:"At the top of the building steampipes were fixed, and each man was entitled to his own private rope and padlock; this rope passes over a pulley in the roof, and has a hook at the end to which he can attach his day clothes, . . . and pulling them up by the cord and padlocking it he secures the safety of his belongings. On returning from his work he . . . has his bath, lowers his clothes, and, hanging his wet mining dress on the hook, raises it to the roof. Here it hangs until he again returns to work, when he finds his clothes dry and warm."

'''Domodossola''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 652|page 652:Domodossola]].

'''didn't look back''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

'''They had been good friends, that crew''' 
A number of homoerotic allusions in the preceding passages.

'''St.-Gotthard''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_Rail_Tunnel Gotthard Railway Tunnel] is a 9-mile long tunnel in Switzerland opened in 1882. The tunnel is part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardbahn Gotthardbahn] Gotthard Railway connecting Lucerne through the Alps to Cjiasso on the Swiss-Italian border.

==Page 660==

==Page 661==

'''Intra''' 
Now Verbania, on the shore of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Maggiore Lago Maggiore], Piedmont, in northwest Italy.

'''tramontana''' 
It's a wind coming from the North in Italy, usually cold and cutting.

'''Wilhelm Weber''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_594|page 594:Wilhelm Weber]] (1804-1891), German Physicist.

'''Baron von Waltershausen''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Sartorius_von_Waltershausen Baron Wolfgang von Waltershausen] (1809-1876), a German geologist. He was Friedrich Gauss's close friend and biographer.

'''Riemann knew he was dying''' 
Riemann died of tuberculosis, July 20, 1866.

'''the Seven Weeks' War''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War The Austro-Prussia War] (June 15 — August 23, 1866). Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:Göttingen . . . war with Prussia]].

'''Cassel''' 
Now spells [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel Kassel], a city in Hessen, Germany. It is about 25 miles southwest of Göttingen.

'''Hannover''' 
German name of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover Hanover], a major city of northern Germany. It is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony where Göttingen, about 50 miles south, is also located.

'''Langensalza''' 
Since 1956, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Langensalza Bad Langensalza], a city about 45 miles southeast of Göttingen, in Thuringia, Germany. It was a site of the 1866 Second Battle of Langensalza between Prussia and Hanover during the Seven Weeks' War.

'''Veneto''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneto Veneto region], one of the twenty regions of Italy, is in northeastern Italy by the Adriatic Sea. It consists of seven provinces. One of them is Verona, home to Romeo and Juliet; another one is Venezia, home of Venice.

'''Custozza''' 
Also spells Custoza. A village of northeastern Italy in the province of Verona. It was the site of the Battle of Custozza of June 24, 1866, between Austria and Italy resulted in an Austria's victory.

'''Deep Germany''' 
"the folk-dream behind the Black Forest", and so on to p. 662

'''Black Forest''' 
A wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. It also has the source of the river Danube. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Forest The Black Forest] is part of the continental divide between the Atlantic Ocean watershed and the Black Sea watershed.

==Page 662==

'''elves''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf Elves] are mythical creatures of Germanic mythology and Germanic paganism which still survive in northern European folklore. Elves are often pictured as youthful-seeming men and women of great beauty living in forests and other natural places, underground, or in wells and springs. They have been portrayed to be long-lived or immortal and they have magical powers attributed to them.

'''shadows with undulating tails and moving wings''' 
shadow of Satan image?. Cf. p. 211 
-Feels more like another dragon image to me (following close on the heels of the Tatzelwurm references), due to the size of the shadows and the surrounding imagery in the paragraph.

'''the Haupt-Bahnhof in Frankfurt''' 
the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof Central Railway Station] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt Frankfurt]. Regarding passenger volume alone, it is the second largest station outside Japan. Built close to where in earlier times the gallows had been located.

'''Orient Express''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_567|page 567: the Orient Express]]. The accident mentioned happened on December 7th 1901, though according to [http://www.dooyoo.de/flughaefen-bahnhoefe-national/bahnhof-frankfurt-main/720973/] the train came to rest in the waiting hall rather than the restaurant.

'''collapse of the Campanile in Venice''' 
Bell-tower on St. Mark's Basilica. The campanile reached its present form in 1514. As it stands today, however, the tower is a reconstruction, completed in 1912 after the collapse of 1902. Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 256|page 256:the tower collapses]], [[ATD_243-272#Page 259|page 259:dov'era com'era]], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mark's_Campanile St. Mark's Campanile].

'''roof of the Charing Cross Station''' 
A major railway station in London. The elegant original roof structure collapsed on 5 December 1905. By great fortune, only six lives were lost (two workmen on the roof, a bookstall vendor and three passers-by in the street, where most of the girders fell). It was rebuilt two years later. Cf [[ATD_557-587# Page 577|page 577:Charing Cross]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station Charing Cross Station]. 

So it is now 1906 in this chapter.

'''the revenge of Deep Germany...shameless German primitivism''' 
We have seen an earlier [[ATD 615-643#Page 632|reference]] to deeper Germany, to the pre-Christian, pre-rational Germany, here supposed to be avenging itself upon the mechanised, rational order that has supplanted it.

This pre-Christian Germany was the mythical Golden Age Nazism sought to draw upon and revive. In 1936 G.G. Jung wrote essay entitled "Wotan", in which he argued that the German psyche had been overwhelmed by the sudden awakening of the archetype of the ancient Norse god. Wotan, who had slumbered for 1,000 years, was the god of frenzy and magic and would, Jung predicted, more than likely lead the German people into some cataclysmic event.
 
[Fascinating reference. This reminds me strongly of the Vormance expedition from the "Iceland Spar" section of AtD, which brings some kind of artifact back to civilization, unleashing ruin; cf. pg. 142 for references to Norse gods being reawakened.] 
'''laden''' 
The use of this word in the context of anarchist bombs and collapsed buildings suggests a reference to one "bin Laden."
(quite a stretch....)

==Page 663==

'''''stranniki''''' 
Russian, literally: pilgrims, wanderers. Dissenters from the Russian Orthodox Church; a sect of Old Believers who rejected the Orthodox priesthood and sacraments. cf. ''The Way of the Pilgrim'' 

'''''podpol'niki,'' underground men''' 
They are ''pod pole,'' literally under the floor. Allusion to that religious Russian, Dostoevsky and his
''Notes from Underground'' (''Zapiski iz podpol'ya'').
Interestingly in that work, Dostoyevsky uses a Palace of Crystal as a metaphor for a functionalist utopia where everything works like clockwork and life is a complete bore. The narrator abhors and fears such a state and is obsessed with its destuction. Compare this to the train crash, and the roof and camponile collapse of the section above. Not to mention 9/11. "Shades" of Ted Kaczynnski here.

'''"not the day we knew"''' 
Thematic re day.

'''"extralogical...mathematical work"''' 
math work is beyond logic, mystical-like.

'''smooth-enough World-Line''' 
linear History, not the ATD 'line', with a verbal pairing to 'World-Island', that Pynchonian way of naming the Earth.

Perhaps reference to: world line
n.

The path in space-time traveled by an elementary particle for the time and distance that it retains its identity.

...in general usage, a world line is the sequential path of personal human events (with time and place as dimensions) that marks the history of a person —perhaps starting at the time and place of one's birth until their death.

Much more here: [http://www.answers.com/topic/world-line] from answers.com

==Page 664==

'''Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazzoletta''' 
Allusion to the Davos tuberculosis sanatorium of Thomas Mann's ''The Magic Mountain'', which was indeed the anteroom of death for its protagonist, Hans Castorp, who goes on to be "cured" to serve in World War I, a personification of the death of Europe. Note that, at the sanatorium, Castorp falls in love with a Russian named Madame Chauchat, to whom Yashmeen's presence here may allude.
Alchemy is also a leitmotif of ''The Magic Mountain'', with the sanatorium as an enclosed system in which something is turned to gold (Castorp's enlightenment). 
I might be wrong, but I've found no evidence that a "Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazoletta" ever existed. The name is a compound of a (mock?) Swiss-German word and an Italian-sounding one and thus recalls the Simplon passage.

'''anterooms of death''' 
The metaphor repeated from page 526, now possibly with a different meaning.

'''Borsalino''' 
A fedoras made by Italy's famed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsalino Borsalino] Company.

==Page 665==

'''Glenwood Springs''' 
Colorado town, then as now site of a famous inn and hot springs, hydrotherapy center and spa, located on the main line of the Denver & Rio Grand Western Railroad. Until the early 1980s, a popular excursion was an overnight trip from Denver along the upper Colorado River through Glenwood Canyon to the venerable hotel/baths on the D&RG's venerable rolling stock, the last privately operated passenger train in the U.S. The route is now operated by Amtrak, but the canyon has been ruined by the completion of I-70 through it. Pynchon's sinister railroad of the 1800s has been superseded, has become in its turn a nostalgic retreat from a newer modernity. For Kit, in his eastward trip from home, Glenwood Springs would have been the last large stop before Denver.

'''tunnel Italian''' 
The pidgin Reef learned in the tunnels.

'''St.-Gotthard Tunnel''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 659|page 659:St.-Gotthard]].

'''Bellinzona''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellinzona Bellinzona] is the capital city of the canton Ticino, Switzerland. The city is famous for its three castles — Castelgrande, Montebello and Sasso Corbaro, now part of the UNESCO world heritage.

'''repeated figure being played on an alpenhorn''' 
Ri-i-co-la! The Swiss call the instrument alphorn or alpenhorn.

'''Mouffette''' 
French: Skunk.

'''Papillon''' 
French: Butterfly.
:Any of a breed of small dog related to the spaniel, having a long silky coat, a bushy tail that curves over its back, and large ears shaped like the wings of a butterfly. [http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/8/83/250px-Papillon_sitting_Flickr_edit.jpg picture]

==Page 666==
'''Reader, she bit him.''' 
Reef has failed, both literally and figuratively, to screw the pooch. (and, of course, a parody of the opening sentence of the final chapter of "Jane Eyre")

==Page 667==

'''skeezicks''' 
Affectionate term for a man. The foundling Skeezix was the protagonist of the comic strip "Gasoline Alley."

'''''vint''''' 
A real game. Which Reef here pretends not to understand, a classic card-sharp gambit.

'''''avantyuristka''''' 
Unfortunate placement of the hyphen makes it look as if it's ''avant-'' something, but it's a single Russian word, авантюристка, meaning "adventuress."

==Page 668==

'''reticule''' 
Lady's handbag, especially one made by netting or tatting. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_539|page 539:reticule]].

'''''Ite, missa est''''' 
Last words of the Latin mass: Go, you are sent.

literally: "go, the mass is said" or "go, the mass is done". Yashmeen's way of telling Kit there will be nothing more said about the subject. In more legalistic terms, she could have said "case closed", but there is a religious theme running through the whole page ("Sectarian vector wars, trafficking with the unseen, priesthoods and heresies"; "vows of abstinence").

'''dossing''' 
to sleep; particularly at a common lodging-house or 'doss-house.'

==Page 669==

'''Pinks''' 
Pinkerton agents.

==Page 670==

'''glowing giant amœbas that leave sticky residues''' 
A recent book, ''Spook,'' by Mary Roach, tells how 19th-century mediums prepared these cheesecloth apparitions and secreted them in their vaginas.

==Page 671==

'''''Bozhe moi!''''' 
Russian: My God.

'''bunco man''' 
The original bunco was a dishonest gambling game played with dice. Eventually the word evolved the sense 'the playing of a bunco game', and hence 'swindling or fraud of any sort'. From Spanish, Banco, a card game like monte. First recorded usage in 1870's, when it became popular quickly.

'''speakin as an old bunco man . . . it was him talkin''' 
Reef displaying the kind of skepticism that would eventually explode the whole spiritualist enterprise.

==Page 672==
==Page 673==
'''"I'm screamin again"''' 
Screamin motif in Webb's channelled memory.

==Page 674==

'''"great never-sleeping hydropathic"''' 
Internal and external use of water as a therapeutic treatment for all forms of disease. hydro·pathic (hdr-pathik) , hydro·pathi·cal...American Heritage Dictionary. 
In 1877, the estate became the property of the Craiglockhart Hydropathic Company, who set about building a hydropathic institute. Such was Craiglockhart's function until the advent of the First World War. Between 1916 and 1919 the building was used as a military psychiatric hospital for the treatment of shell-shocked officers. Wikipedia. 
see esp. the next paragraph. 

'''swamper''' 
One who performs general, menial duties.

'''''vis inertiæ''''' 
Latin: force of inertia. Not considered a "force" since Newton.

'''draining away''' 
once more "draining away", though for the first time not referring to light (cf. p.198, 649).

==Page 675==

'''Lee de Forest''' 
cf [[ATD_26-56#Page_29|page 29]]

'''All Kit had anymore''' 
???

'''As light began to steep in...'''

Like on page 566, this dream-passage seems to contain a top-down examination of Kit's progress; of his motives and awareness of complicity in the Traverse vengeance-quest against the Vibes. Similar to Kit's earlier dream(s?), it's a thematic reduction and feels like a significant 'clue':

<blockquote>As light began to steep in around the edges of the window blinds, Kit fell asleep again and dreamed of a bullet en route to the heart of an enemy, traveling for many years and many miles, hitting something now and then and ricocheting off at a different angle but continuing its journey as if conscious of where it must go, and he understood that this zigzagging around through four-dimensional space-time might be expressed as a vector in five dimensions. Whatever the number of ''n'' dimensions it inhabited, an observer would need one extra, ''n'' + 1, to see it and connect the end points to make a single resultant.</blockquote>

'''resultant''' 
notice this word and not 'result' in the above paragraph. 'Resultant' has math vector meanings! ...Issuing or following as a consequence or result. 1. Something that results; an outcome. 2. Mathematics A single vector that is the equivalent of a set of vectors....American Heritage Dictionary.

In addition to the broad narrative summary, there appears to be a metatextual implication here. Regarding the reader in Pynchon's overall 'Against The Day' scheme: the novel ''n'' must be observed from an ''n'' +1 perspective (that is: dimensionally distinct) to connect end-points and weave a single result, to engage and correlate strands and twines into a coherent narrative whole. Without an overarching consciousness there's apparent anarchy: with said consciousness there's meaning and vector. 

Part of which meaning I might argue is that Kit's revengeful bullet is part of the overarching 'problem' of mutual complicity, which we readers have to see. 

[[User:Bean|remy]] 10:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

'''Hour of the Rat''' 
In Chinese astrology, the hours between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m., marking the beginning of a new day. The rat is the first of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac, as it is said to have won the race between them.

==Page 676==

'''Constantza''' 
Constanţa, Romania's seaport on the Black Sea.

'''Too many of us have to sit foolishly by...''' 
Vibe = Vibration, a wave disturbance of the aether; for most of us incoherent force driving human misery, but for the Traverse family a person, a personified malevolence on which vengenace can be wreaked.

==Page 677==

'''Buda-Pesth''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest Budapest], the capital city of Hungary. The cities of Buda and Pest (archaic spelling Pesth) were unified in 1872; the hyphenated spelling persisted for many years.

'''Psychical Research''' 
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a non-profit organization in the United Kingdom whose purpose is to research and investigate supernatural, magical, paranormal, and occult phenomena in a scientific and unbiased manner. It was founded in 1882 by three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge, Edmund Gurney, Frederic William Henry Myers, and Henry Sidgwick, because of their interest in spiritualism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research Wikipedia]. 
Wikipedia has no Budapest connection, but it says the Society was very active in its first thirty years, the time of ATD. A history of the Society might have the Budapest sections.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 644-677

2008-10-11T22:52:45Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 648 */ correct link

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 644==

'''Union Depot''' 
El Paso's Union Depot Passenger Station was built in 1905. The Depot was the first passenger train station to be built in the United States specifically for international railway traffic. It is located at San Francisco Ave downtown El Paso vey close to the US-Mexico border. There is a rumor around in El Paso that Pancho Villa used the Depot's bell tower as a lookout for the attack of Juárez during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920). The Depot now is listed in the National Register of Historic Commission.

'''El Paso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas El Paso], the sixth largest city in Texas, is located at the western tip of Texas. It is the second largest city along the Mexican border. And lies across the Rio Grande is Juáres, Mexico, the other half of the bi-national metropolitan area.

'''Chamizal''' 
It was a disputed parcel of land between El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The dispute was caused by the differences between the bed of the Rio Grande as surveyed in 1852 and the present channel of the river. The river shifted south continually between 1852 and 1868 with the most radical shift in 1864. As a result, the newly exposed land, about 600 acres, came to be known in Spanish as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamizal El Chamizal], from ''chamiza'', the name of a species of wild cane or reed. The final resolution of the dispute came about only in 1963.

'''E.B. Soltera''' 
''Soltera'' is Spanish: spinster. Estrella Briggs, Unmarried.

'''Regeneration Equipment''' 
In chemical technology "regeneration" means taking a spent product out of the system and cleaning it up for reuse.

'''whiteness''' 
stressed motif. Cf. alabaster temples at the Columbian Exposition.Cf. whiteness in GR.

==Page 645==

'''E.P.T.''' 
El Paso, Texas.

'''buyer beware''' 
That is, ''caveat emptor''.

==Page 646==

'''Sakes''' 
For heaven's sakes.

'''Geronimo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo Geronimo] (1829-1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who fought against the encroachment of the United States on his tribal lands and perople for over 25 years.

'''Willow and Holt''' 
Willow: Stray's sister (pp. 361 & 367), Holt: Willow's husband (p. 367)

==Page 647==

'''''For really it was the sidekick who presented the problem. Restless type. Fair hair, hat back on his head so the big brim sort of haloed his face, shiny eyes and low-set, pointed ears like an elf's...''''' 
Billy the Kid? No, he died in 1881. 
[http://www.imdb.com/gallery/mptv/1258/Mptv/1258/3306_0333.jpg?path=pgallery&path_key=Wilder,%20Gene The Waco Kid,] the gunfighter played by Gene Wilder in ''Blazing Saddles''?

'''Daisy, Daisy''' 
"Daisy Bell" is a popular song whose lyrics ("Daisy, Daisy, Give me your answer do...I'm half crazy, all for the love of you..." as well as the line "...a bicycle built for two") are considerably better known than the song's actual title.
"Daisy Bell" was composed by Harry Dacre in 1892. As David Ewen writes in American Popular Songs: "When Dacre, an English popular composer, first came to the United States, he brought with him a bicycle, for which he was charged duty. His friend (the songwriter William Jerome) remarked lightly: 'It's lucky you didn't bring a bicycle built for two, otherwise you'd have to pay double duty.' Dacre was so taken with the phrase 'bicycle built for two' that he decided to use it in a song. That song, Daisy Bell, first became successful in a London music hall, in a performance by Kate Lawrence. Tony Pastor was the first one to sing it in the United States. Its success in America began when Jennie Lindsay brought down the house with it at the Atlantic Gardens on the Bowery early in 1892." Wikipedia....see this for memorable occasions of its use.
It was evidently sung at the OK Corral gunfight, if TRP says so but I have not substantiated this yet.

:Pynchon did not say Doc Holliday sang "Daisy, Daisy" before or during the Gunfight. But Doc Holliday, in his "rejoinder to Frank McLaury", did use the 1880s' slang phrase "daisy" — according to some accounts. After the Gunfight people then, claimed by Pynchon, used the song "Daisy, Daisy" as a "sort of telegraphic code . . . for Boot Hill" (graveyard, see page 648). 

More popularly, sung by HAL, the failing shipboard computer, as it is disabled in Stanley Kubrick's film ''2001, A Space Odyssey.''

==Page 648==
'''at the O.K. Corral''' 
It refers to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunfight_at_the_O.K._Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral]. The 30-second event occurred on October 26, 1881, in a vacant lot, behind the corral in Tombstone, AZ. It was Wyatt Earp, Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Doc Holliday fought against Frank McLaury, Tom McLaury, Ike Clanton, Billy Clanton, Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller. Frank and Tom McLaury and Billy Clanton were killed while Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Holliday were wounded. The gunfight supposed to be between law-and-order and open banditry and rustling in frontier towns of the Old West. The Gunfight has been the subject of many many books, movies, songs, . . . etc.

'''Boot Hill''' 
It is the name for any number of cemeteries, chiefly in th American West. During the 19th century it was a common name for the burial grounds of gunfighters or those who "died with their boots on" (ie. violently). Also, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_Hill Boot Hill] graves were made for people who died in a strange town without assets for a funeral.
The most famous Boot Hill graveyard of the Old West is, of course, in Tombstone, AZ. Buired at the site are various victims of violence and desease in Tombstone's early years, including those from the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Boot Hill was also the destination for bad-men and those lynched or legally hanged in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone%2C_Arizona Tombstone, AZ].

==Page 649==
'''Rosie's Cantina''' 
As found in Marty Robbins's 1959 hit song "El Paso" (a song frequently covered by the Grateful Dead). When the exiled narrator attempts to return to the cantina, he sees to his right "five mounted cowboys/Off to my left ride a dozen or more."

...Night-time would find me in Rosa's cantina;
Music would play and Felina would whirl.

The rest of the lyrics: [http://www.cowboylyrics.com/lyrics/robbins-marty/el-paso-11889.html El Paso].

'''L.&O.L.''' 
Law and Order League Cf page 644.

also internet slang for Laughing Out Loud (LOL). 
or "Lots of Luck"

'''light draining away''' 
cf. p.198: "He watched the light over the ranges slowly draining away", as Webb dies.

==Page 650==

'''ocotillo''' 
[http://weather.nmsu.edu/AbqPlantList/dshrub/Ocotillo.htm Ocotillo] is a drought-deciduous shrub. It can have anywhere from 6 to 100 wand like branches that grow from the root crown with a stem anywhere from 9 to 30 feet tall.

'''Rock Springs''' 
Wyoming town, center of the Wyoming oil boom of the late 1970s, early 1980s, known then as a wide open town.

'''Ladies' Friend''' 
a small pistol that could be concealed in a lady's clothing.

'''Creede''' 
Central Colorado town, like Telluride once a mining town, now a ski resort.

==Page 651==

'''Dixies and Fans and Mignonettes''' 
Just typical names of bar girls?

==Page 652==

'''Karawankenbahn . . . Tauern . . . Wochein''' 
A series of tunnels constructed as part of [http://historicaltextarchive.com/books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=2&cid=13 a huge Austrian public works project] in the first years of the 20th century. They are named for ranges of mountains and hills they pass through. The objective was to develop rail transport to the port of Trieste. Read further in this entry for the location of Wochein. 

''Karawankenbahn'' means Karawanken Railway in German. 
Between 1867-1918 Trieste (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_516|page 516:Trieste]]) was part of Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was Austria's first seaport and the principal outlet for the ocean trade of the monarchy. But it did not have adequate railway communication with Austria's interior. To give a great impetus to the trade of Trieste in particular and to the over-sea trade of Austria in general, it was decided in 1901 to build the Karawanken Railway connecting Trieste and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klagenfurt Klagenfurt], the capital of the federal state of Carinthia in Austria. The railway was built over and through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karavanke Karawanken] mountain, the Europe's longest (70-mile long) mountain range on the border between current Slovenia and Austria. The ''Karawanken Tunnel'' was opened on October 1, 1906; it is the fourth longest railway tunnel in Austria with a length of over 4.8 miles (7,976 m). (For a [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Karawankentunnel_construction_train.jpg Karawanken Tunnel construction picture]). 

At the same time (1901-1909) another railway, ''Tauernbahn'' (Tauern Railway) over and through the Tauern mountain was built between Schwarzach-St.Veit (in the province of Salzburg) and Spittal an de Drau (in Carinthia). It can reach Trieste by connection through Karawanken and Wochein tunnels. [http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.t/t105381.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en Tauern Railway] passes underneath the Hohe Tauern Mountain Range through the 5-mile long ''Tauern Tunnel'' which was opened on July 7, 1909.

''Wochein'', the old German name, is now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj ''Bohinj''] in Slovenia. It is an alpine valley and a municipality in the north-west of Slovenia, in the Julian Alps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj_railway Bohinj Railway] is a railway in Slovenia extending into Trieste, Italy (both were parts of Austria-Hungary before 1918). It was built in 1904 with a 3.8-mile long ''Bohinj (Wochein) Tunnel'' under the 5,00-ft tall Koblas Mountain.

'''Brigue''' 
French name for the Swiss city of Brig, a historic town with 5,000 inhabitants. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brig,_Switzerland Brigue] is located close to the Swiss-Italian borders. The language used in every day transactions is a uique German dialect.

'''Domodossola''' 
An Italian city located at the foot of the Italian Alps, a minor passenger-rail hub. Its strategic location accommodates Swiss rail passengers, acting as an international stopping-point between Locarno (a Swiss city of Italian language) and Brig (a Swiss city of German language) through the Simplon Pass. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domodossola Domodossola]].

'''two parallel galleries''' 
The description of the Simplon tunnel project seems to be close to the facts. The Simplon tunnel consists of two parallel tubes, the first of which was opened in 1905, the second not until 1921. The second gallery this passage refers to was built alongside the first tube in order to supply the workers with fresh air. It was later extended. 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplon_Pass The Simplon Tunnel] is a 12.3-mile long railway tunnel consisting of two separate single-track tunnels completed 16 years apart — the first one opened on June 1, 1906 and the second one October 16, 1922. For half a century it was the world longest railway tunnel. It was planned by Alfred Brandt of the Hamburg firm of Brandt & Brandau, and its construction began in 1898. It was a tremendous feat of engineering in almost impossibly difficult conditions. It seems that Pynchon in describing the tunnel work followed closely [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World].

==Page 653==

'''Brandt drills''' 
Brandt & Brandau were Hamburg engineers responsible for the tunnel project. Possibly also an allusion to Adolf Brand (1874-1945), German homosexual activist and anarchist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Brand Wikipedia article.]. "Brand" is also a German word for fire or combustion.

'''Kanuni Lekë Dukagjinit''' 
should be "Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit". "Kanuni" is Albanian for "code". 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuni_i_Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjinit Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit], ''The Code of Lekë Dukagjini'', is a set of laws developed by an Albanian prince, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini Lekë Dukagjini] (1410-1481), who fought against the Ottoman Empire. These laws were used mostly in northern Albania and Kosovo from the 15th century until the 20th century and were revived recently after the fall of the communist regime in the early 1990s. Some of the most infamous rules specified how murder was supposed to be handled (resembled the Italian ''vendetta'') and it often led to blood feuds that lasted until all the men of the involved families were killed.

'''League of Prizren''' 
Aimed for Albanian unity and autonomy; 1878; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Prizren Wikipedia article.]

==Page 654==

'''''Jetokam, jetokam!''''' 
I'm alive (Albanian).

'''Më fal''' 
Sorry (Albanian).

'''many superstitions inside this mountain''' 
Tunnelers and miners were among the most superstitious trades. Small wonder.

'''history. They suffered from it...survive to see the day.''' 
Title thematic.To see the day History [Time] ended?

==Page 655==

'''''non è vero?''''' 
It's not true?

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
A/k/a Swiss dragon. A mythical creature or cryptid, depending on who you believe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Wikipedia entry]; [http://www.newanimal.org/tatzel.htm Cryptid zoo website.]

'''[S]ometimes a Tatzelwurm is only a Tatzelwurm.''' 
Echoing the comment attributed to Freud, "sometimes a cigar is just a cigar", the cigar-loving alienist who would have been on the faculty of the University of Vienna at this time.

==Page 656==
'''favogn''' 
Name used mostly in western Switzerland for ''föhn,'' a dry wind blowing down the lee side of the Alps.

'''adiabatic''' 
Term in thermodynamics meaning an absence of heat transfer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process Wikipedia entry.] Also, confusingly and probably not coincidentally, a term in quantum mechanics referring to an infinitely slow change in the Hamiltonian of a system. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process_%28quantum_mechanics%29 Wikipedia entry.] Yes, it's that [[H#hamilton|Hamilton]].

'''balneomaniacs''' 
People avid for mineral baths and spas like those at . . .

'''Baden-Baden . . . Wagga Wagga''' 
In Germany and New South Wales (Australia) respectively.
Names, of course, which suggest bilocation.

'''Moazagotl clouds''' 
A persistent cloud formation associated with the föhn. [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=moazagotl1 Technical definition.]

'''Ruperta Chirpingdon-Groin''' 
Great alliterative last name given her effect on men.

==Page 657==

'''''Macchè, gioia mia''''' 
Italian: No way, my joy!

'''''troglodita''''' 
Spanish: brute, pig. ? Italian: troglodyte, cave dweller, barbarian

'''''Càlmati''''' 
Italian: Take it easy.

'''''Tutto va bene. Un amico di pochi anni fa''''' 
Italian: It's all right. A friend from a few years ago.

'''Ambroid''' 
Synthetic amber used for costume jewelry.

'''''Tesoro''''' 
Italian: treasure.

:Honey

==Page 658==

'''Petite Roquette''' 
A Paris prison later used as a reformatory for boys.

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
Cryptozoologists also use the term "Swiss dragon" for this mythical Alpine beast. Its habitation is not said to be limited to mines and tunnels. Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 655|page 655:Tatzelwurm]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Mostly uninformative Wikipedia entry.]

'''''Ndih'më! . . . Nxito!''''' 
Albanian: Help me!...Quickly!

'''a scream''' 
again that Pynchonian expression of horror as elsewhere in ATD, such as
in the 'inner sands' scenes and GR, of course.

'''''spital''''' 
Various languages: hospital, infirmary.

==Page 659==

'''''bien sûr''''' 
French: certainly. Here "''Of course'' it did."

'''showered again, unlocked his private pulley-rope, lowered his clothes . . . hung his wet working gear on the hook, raised it again and padlocked the rope''' 
from [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World]: 
:"At the top of the building steampipes were fixed, and each man was entitled to his own private rope and padlock; this rope passes over a pulley in the roof, and has a hook at the end to which he can attach his day clothes, . . . and pulling them up by the cord and padlocking it he secures the safety of his belongings. On returning from his work he . . . has his bath, lowers his clothes, and, hanging his wet mining dress on the hook, raises it to the roof. Here it hangs until he again returns to work, when he finds his clothes dry and warm."

'''Domodossola''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 652|page 652:Domodossola]].

'''didn't look back''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

'''They had been good friends, that crew''' 
A number of homoerotic allusions in the preceding passages.

'''St.-Gotthard''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_Rail_Tunnel Gotthard Railway Tunnel] is a 9-mile long tunnel in Switzerland opened in 1882. The tunnel is part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardbahn Gotthardbahn] Gotthard Railway connecting Lucerne through the Alps to Cjiasso on the Swiss-Italian border.

==Page 660==

==Page 661==

'''Intra''' 
Now Verbania, on the shore of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Maggiore Lago Maggiore], Piedmont, in northwest Italy.

'''tramontana''' 
It's a wind coming from the North in Italy, usually cold and cutting.

'''Wilhelm Weber''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_594|page 594:Wilhelm Weber]] (1804-1891), German Physicist.

'''Baron von Waltershausen''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Sartorius_von_Waltershausen Baron Wolfgang von Waltershausen] (1809-1876), a German geologist. He was Friedrich Gauss's close friend and biographer.

'''Riemann knew he was dying''' 
Riemann died of tuberculosis, July 20, 1866.

'''the Seven Weeks' War''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War The Austro-Prussia War] (June 15 — August 23, 1866). Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:Göttingen . . . war with Prussia]].

'''Cassel''' 
Now spells [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel Kassel], a city in Hessen, Germany. It is about 25 miles southwest of Göttingen.

'''Hannover''' 
German name of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover Hanover], a major city of northern Germany. It is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony where Göttingen, about 50 miles south, is also located.

'''Langensalza''' 
Since 1956, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Langensalza Bad Langensalza], a city about 45 miles southeast of Göttingen, in Thuringia, Germany. It was a site of the 1866 Second Battle of Langensalza between Prussia and Hanover during the Seven Weeks' War.

'''Veneto''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneto Veneto region], one of the twenty regions of Italy, is in northeastern Italy by the Adriatic Sea. It consists of seven provinces. One of them is Verona, home to Romeo and Juliet; another one is Venezia, home of Venice.

'''Custozza''' 
Also spells Custoza. A village of northeastern Italy in the province of Verona. It was the site of the Battle of Custozza of June 24, 1866, between Austria and Italy resulted in an Austria's victory.

'''Deep Germany''' 
"the folk-dream behind the Black Forest", and so on to p. 662

'''Black Forest''' 
A wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. It also has the source of the river Danube. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Forest The Black Forest] is part of the continental divide between the Atlantic Ocean watershed and the Black Sea watershed.

==Page 662==

'''elves''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf Elves] are mythical creatures of Germanic mythology and Germanic paganism which still survive in northern European folklore. Elves are often pictured as youthful-seeming men and women of great beauty living in forests and other natural places, underground, or in wells and springs. They have been portrayed to be long-lived or immortal and they have magical powers attributed to them.

'''shadows with undulating tails and moving wings''' 
shadow of Satan image?. Cf. p. 211 
-Feels more like another dragon image to me (following close on the heels of the Tatzelwurm references), due to the size of the shadows and the surrounding imagery in the paragraph.

'''the Haupt-Bahnhof in Frankfurt''' 
the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof Central Railway Station] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt Frankfurt]. Regarding passenger volume alone, it is the second largest station outside Japan. Built close to where in earlier times the gallows had been located.

'''Orient Express''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_567|page 567: the Orient Express]]. The accident mentioned happened on December 7th 1901, though according to [http://www.dooyoo.de/flughaefen-bahnhoefe-national/bahnhof-frankfurt-main/720973/] the train came to rest in the waiting hall rather than the restaurant.

'''collapse of the Campanile in Venice''' 
Bell-tower on St. Mark's Basilica. The campanile reached its present form in 1514. As it stands today, however, the tower is a reconstruction, completed in 1912 after the collapse of 1902. Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 256|page 256:the tower collapses]], [[ATD_243-272#Page 259|page 259:dov'era com'era]], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mark's_Campanile St. Mark's Campanile].

'''roof of the Charing Cross Station''' 
A major railway station in London. The elegant original roof structure collapsed on 5 December 1905. By great fortune, only six lives were lost (two workmen on the roof, a bookstall vendor and three passers-by in the street, where most of the girders fell). It was rebuilt two years later. Cf [[ATD_557-587# Page 577|page 577:Charing Cross]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station Charing Cross Station]. 

So it is now 1906 in this chapter.

'''the revenge of Deep Germany...shameless German primitivism''' 
We have seen an earlier [[ATD 615-643#Page 632|reference]] to deeper Germany, to the pre-Christian, pre-rational Germany, here supposed to be avenging itself upon the mechanised, rational order that has supplanted it.

This pre-Christian Germany was the mythical Golden Age Nazism sought to draw upon and revive. In 1936 G.G. Jung wrote essay entitled "Wotan", in which he argued that the German psyche had been overwhelmed by the sudden awakening of the archetype of the ancient Norse god. Wotan, who had slumbered for 1,000 years, was the god of frenzy and magic and would, Jung predicted, more than likely lead the German people into some cataclysmic event.
 
[Fascinating reference. This reminds me strongly of the Vormance expedition from the "Iceland Spar" section of AtD, which brings some kind of artifact back to civilization, unleashing ruin; cf. pg. 142 for references to Norse gods being reawakened.] 
'''laden''' 
The use of this word in the context of anarchist bombs and collapsed buildings suggests a reference to one "bin Laden."
(quite a stretch....)

==Page 663==

'''''stranniki''''' 
Russian, literally: pilgrims, wanderers. Dissenters from the Russian Orthodox Church; a sect of Old Believers who rejected the Orthodox priesthood and sacraments. cf. ''The Way of the Pilgrim'' 

'''''podpol'niki,'' underground men''' 
They are ''pod pole,'' literally under the floor. Allusion to that religious Russian, Dostoevsky and his
''Notes from Underground'' (''Zapiski iz podpol'ya'').
Interestingly in that work, Dostoyevsky uses a Palace of Crystal as a metaphor for a functionalist utopia where everything works like clockwork and life is a complete bore. The narrator abhors and fears such a state and is obsessed with its destuction. Compare this to the train crash, and the roof and camponile collapse of the section above. Not to mention 9/11. "Shades" of Ted Kaczynnski here.

'''"not the day we knew"''' 
Thematic re day.

'''"extralogical...mathematical work"''' 
math work is beyond logic, mystical-like.

'''smooth-enough World-Line''' 
linear History, not the ATD 'line', with a verbal pairing to 'World-Island', that Pynchonian way of naming the Earth.

Perhaps reference to: world line
n.

The path in space-time traveled by an elementary particle for the time and distance that it retains its identity.

...in general usage, a world line is the sequential path of personal human events (with time and place as dimensions) that marks the history of a person —perhaps starting at the time and place of one's birth until their death.

Much more here: [http://www.answers.com/topic/world-line] from answers.com

==Page 664==

'''Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazzoletta''' 
Allusion to the Davos tuberculosis sanatorium of Thomas Mann's ''The Magic Mountain'', which was indeed the anteroom of death for its protagonist, Hans Castorp, who goes on to be "cured" to serve in World War I, a personification of the death of Europe. Note that, at the sanatorium, Castorp falls in love with a Russian named Madame Chauchat, to whom Yashmeen's presence here may allude.
Alchemy is also a leitmotif of ''The Magic Mountain'', with the sanatorium as an enclosed system in which something is turned to gold (Castorp's enlightenment). 
I might be wrong, but I've found no evidence that a "Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazoletta" ever existed. The name is a compound of a (mock?) Swiss-German word and an Italian-sounding one and thus recalls the Simplon passage.

'''anterooms of death''' 
The metaphor repeated from page 526, now possibly with a different meaning.

'''Borsalino''' 
A fedoras made by Italy's famed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsalino Borsalino] Company.

==Page 665==

'''Glenwood Springs''' 
Colorado town, then as now site of a famous inn and hot springs, hydrotherapy center and spa, located on the main line of the Denver & Rio Grand Western Railroad. Until the early 1980s, a popular excursion was an overnight trip from Denver along the upper Colorado River through Glenwood Canyon to the venerable hotel/baths on the D&RG's venerable rolling stock, the last privately operated passenger train in the U.S. The route is now operated by Amtrak, but the canyon has been ruined by the completion of I-70 through it. Pynchon's sinister railroad of the 1800s has been superseded, has become in its turn a nostalgic retreat from a newer modernity. For Kit, in his eastward trip from home, Glenwood Springs would have been the last large stop before Denver.

'''tunnel Italian''' 
The pidgin Reef learned in the tunnels.

'''St.-Gotthard Tunnel''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 659|page 659:St.-Gotthard]].

'''Bellinzona''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellinzona Bellinzona] is the capital city of the canton Ticino, Switzerland. The city is famous for its three castles — Castelgrande, Montebello and Sasso Corbaro, now part of the UNESCO world heritage.

'''repeated figure being played on an alpenhorn''' 
Ri-i-co-la! The Swiss call the instrument alphorn or alpenhorn.

'''Mouffette''' 
French: Skunk.

'''Papillon''' 
French: Butterfly.
:Any of a breed of small dog related to the spaniel, having a long silky coat, a bushy tail that curves over its back, and large ears shaped like the wings of a butterfly. [http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/8/83/250px-Papillon_sitting_Flickr_edit.jpg picture]

==Page 666==
'''Reader, she bit him.''' 
Reef has failed, both literally and figuratively, to screw the pooch. (and, of course, a parody of the opening sentence of the final chapter of "Jane Eyre")

==Page 667==

'''skeezicks''' 
Affectionate term for a man. The foundling Skeezix was the protagonist of the comic strip "Gasoline Alley."

'''''vint''''' 
A real game. Which Reef here pretends not to understand, a classic card-sharp gambit.

'''''avantyuristka''''' 
Unfortunate placement of the hyphen makes it look as if it's ''avant-'' something, but it's a single Russian word, авантюристка, meaning "adventuress."

==Page 668==

'''reticule''' 
Lady's handbag, especially one made by netting or tatting. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_539|page 539:reticule]].

'''''Ite, missa est''''' 
Last words of the Latin mass: Go, you are sent.

literally: "go, the mass is said" or "go, the mass is done". Yashmeen's way of telling Kit there will be nothing more said about the subject. In more legalistic terms, she could have said "case closed", but there is a religious theme running through the whole page ("Sectarian vector wars, trafficking with the unseen, priesthoods and heresies"; "vows of abstinence").

'''dossing''' 
to sleep; particularly at a common lodging-house or 'doss-house.'

==Page 669==

'''Pinks''' 
Pinkerton agents.

==Page 670==

'''glowing giant amœbas that leave sticky residues''' 
A recent book, ''Spook,'' by Mary Roach, tells how 19th-century mediums prepared these cheesecloth apparitions and secreted them in their vaginas.

==Page 671==

'''''Bozhe moi!''''' 
Russian: My God.

'''bunco man''' 
The original bunco was a dishonest gambling game played with dice. Eventually the word evolved the sense 'the playing of a bunco game', and hence 'swindling or fraud of any sort'. From Spanish, Banco, a card game like monte. First recorded usage in 1870's, when it became popular quickly.

'''speakin as an old bunco man . . . it was him talkin''' 
Reef displaying the kind of skepticism that would eventually explode the whole spiritualist enterprise.

==Page 672==
==Page 673==
'''"I'm screamin again"''' 
Screamin motif in Webb's channelled memory.

==Page 674==

'''"great never-sleeping hydropathic"''' 
Internal and external use of water as a therapeutic treatment for all forms of disease. hydro·pathic (hdr-pathik) , hydro·pathi·cal...American Heritage Dictionary. 
In 1877, the estate became the property of the Craiglockhart Hydropathic Company, who set about building a hydropathic institute. Such was Craiglockhart's function until the advent of the First World War. Between 1916 and 1919 the building was used as a military psychiatric hospital for the treatment of shell-shocked officers. Wikipedia. 
see esp. the next paragraph. 

'''swamper''' 
One who performs general, menial duties.

'''''vis inertiæ''''' 
Latin: force of inertia. Not considered a "force" since Newton.

'''draining away''' 
once more "draining away", though for the first time not referring to light (cf. p.198, 649).

==Page 675==

'''Lee de Forest''' 
cf [[ATD_26-56#Page_29|page 29]]

'''All Kit had anymore''' 
???

'''As light began to steep in...'''

Like on page 566, this dream-passage seems to contain a top-down examination of Kit's progress; of his motives and awareness of complicity in the Traverse vengeance-quest against the Vibes. Similar to Kit's earlier dream(s?), it's a thematic reduction and feels like a significant 'clue':

<blockquote>As light began to steep in around the edges of the window blinds, Kit fell asleep again and dreamed of a bullet en route to the heart of an enemy, traveling for many years and many miles, hitting something now and then and ricocheting off at a different angle but continuing its journey as if conscious of where it must go, and he understood that this zigzagging around through four-dimensional space-time might be expressed as a vector in five dimensions. Whatever the number of ''n'' dimensions it inhabited, an observer would need one extra, ''n'' + 1, to see it and connect the end points to make a single resultant.</blockquote>

'''resultant''' 
notice this word and not 'result' in the above paragraph. 'Resultant' has math vector meanings! ...Issuing or following as a consequence or result. 1. Something that results; an outcome. 2. Mathematics A single vector that is the equivalent of a set of vectors....American Heritage Dictionary.

In addition to the broad narrative summary, there appears to be a metatextual implication here. Regarding the reader in Pynchon's overall 'Against The Day' scheme: the novel ''n'' must be observed from an ''n'' +1 perspective (that is: dimensionally distinct) to connect end-points and weave a single result, to engage and correlate strands and twines into a coherent narrative whole. Without an overarching consciousness there's apparent anarchy: with said consciousness there's meaning and vector. 

Part of which meaning I might argue is that Kit's revengeful bullet is part of the overarching 'problem' of mutual complicity, which we readers have to see. 

[[User:Bean|remy]] 10:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

'''Hour of the Rat''' 
In Chinese astrology, the hours between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m., marking the beginning of a new day. The rat is the first of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac, as it is said to have won the race between them.

==Page 676==

'''Constantza''' 
Constanţa, Romania's seaport on the Black Sea.

'''Too many of us have to sit foolishly by...''' 
Vibe = Vibration, a wave disturbance of the aether; for most of us incoherent force driving human misery, but for the Traverse family a person, a personified malevolence on which vengenace can be wreaked.

==Page 677==

'''Buda-Pesth''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest Budapest], the capital city of Hungary. The cities of Buda and Pest (archaic spelling Pesth) were unified in 1872; the hyphenated spelling persisted for many years.

'''Psychical Research''' 
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a non-profit organization in the United Kingdom whose purpose is to research and investigate supernatural, magical, paranormal, and occult phenomena in a scientific and unbiased manner. It was founded in 1882 by three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge, Edmund Gurney, Frederic William Henry Myers, and Henry Sidgwick, because of their interest in spiritualism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research Wikipedia]. 
Wikipedia has no Budapest connection, but it says the Society was very active in its first thirty years, the time of ATD. A history of the Society might have the Budapest sections.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 588-614

2008-10-11T22:40:10Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 613 */ consideration on "tiny German hand camera"

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 588==

'''tannery''' 
In ancient history, tanning was considered a noxious or "odiferous trade" and relegated to the outskirts of town, amongst the poor. Indeed, tanning by ancient methods is so foul smelling that tanneries are still isolated from those towns today where the old methods are used.

'''Gottlob''' 
Literally "praise to God", as an exclamation also "Thank God!". Though it is rare, it is a real German name. 
Very much so: for example of mathematician/philospher Gottlob Frege, who did study at Göttingen, but not at this time.

'''Humfried''' 
A German translation of Humphrey. This was not an existing German name any time after the medieval, though.

'''Gauss's brain''' 
After Carl Friedrich Gauss died in 1855, his brain was preserved for research purposes. To this day, it is in the possession of the University of Göttingen. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Gauss]].

'''impervious to the wind''' 
(Attribute of tanned leather?)

'''''"Heiliger Bimbam!"''''' 
A German expression of surprise, translated elsewhere as "Holy Moly!"

'''It is she, she!''' 
probably an allusion to H. Rider Haggard's She. See Wikipedia entry. She has been purified by a pillar of fire. In ''Against the day'', she rises from the swamp. Carl Jung, who used the novel ''She'' (1887) as an example of anima, posited the anima is an archetypical form, expressing the fact that a man has a minority of female genes. Haggard's Queen Ayesha is an unmistakable anima type the ultimate guide and mediator to the inner world. The idea has also connections with the observations of James Frazer in his classical study ''The Golden Bough''. Haggard's idea of a journey into the "darkest Africa," which turns into a spiritual search, has been used by a number of writers, including Joseph Conrad in ''Heart of Darkness'' (1902). 
"My empire is of thy imagination", She says in the novel, "She". Cf. a line, [which I am checking] in "The Crying of Lot 49".

She is 'discovered' somewhere in unknown Africa by some British 'explorers' in a hidden kingdom, and she first appears in a sort of late 19th century private boudoir there. She came to that place via a complicated story some 2000 years earlier, and is of Yemenite origin, having come to the world in pretty much the normal fashion. Yashmeen seems indeed to be based on some fin-de-siecle imaginations of the 'ideal' woman (her looks in general, and the often mentioned streaming black hair of hers), but unlike Haggard's She, Yashmeen is rather powerless in the long run, despite her obvious erotic influence on the men and women in ATD. - Tommaso

:Powerless is a term worth lots of discussion here. [User: MKOHUT]

'''rim''' 
Kit pretends to think he's referring to monocle as 'chichi' (stylish).

'''Kovalevskaia''' 
Sofia Kovalevskaia, 1850-1891. Russian mathematician, in 1884 appointed professor in Stockholm. The third female professor in Europe ever. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and (Wikipedia)

'''Roentgen-ray spectacles''' 
The X-ray glasses that used to be advertised in comic books.

'''''natürlich''''' 
German: naturally.

==Page 589==

'''Those curves are everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable''' 
This is exactly a description of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weierstrass_function Weierstrass function] (1872), a pathological example of a real-valued function on the real line. This function was cited on page 594 by Yashmeen as one of the crises in mathermatics. Also see [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/WeierstrassFunction.html Weierstrass function from MathWorld] and Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Karl Weierstrass]].

'''Those curves . . . ''Noli me tangere''''' 
A well-turned wordplay: The operation of differentiating a curve involves drawing ''tangents'' to it at selected points. The curves in question are continuous, but the injunction ''Noli me tangere'' means you can't draw the tangents.

:If a curve is nowhere differentiable then there will be no tangents anywhere. The curve is everywhere ''untouchable''.

'''''Noli me tangere''''' 
Latin for 'don't touch me'

or, in the immortal words of MC Hammer; "You can't touch this"

'''''Hausknochen''''' 
German: a giant housekey, as defined, literally House Bone,with perhaps a
double entendre on bone?

==Page 590==

'''Hadamard... Poussin... Prime Number Theorem''' 
Hadamard and Poussin independently proved the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number_theorem prime number theorem] in 1896, relying on Riemann's Zeta function.

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Hadamard.html Jacques Hadamard] (1865-1963), a French mathematician best known for his proof of the Prime Number Theorem in 1896.

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Vallee_Poussin.html de la Vallée Poissin] (1866-1962), a Belgian mathematician best known for his proof (independently) of the Prime Number Theorem and his major work ''Cours d'Analyse''.

'''patent ''Kühlbox''''' 
''Kühlbox'' here just means "icebox" or "cooler." Refrigerators were available at the time of the action but not widely used, so an icebox is more likely. It's upstairs in Kit's room, so not necessarily portable.

"Patent," attached to a noun like [[ATD_429-459#Page_457|leather or pencil,]] could mean really, officially patented ''or'' novel and gimmicky. Patent medicines are sold under protected names but not genuine patents in most cases. So the icebox features some radical or distinctive design. My money's on asbestos insulation between the zinc sheets.

[http://www.dhm.de/datenbank/index.html?/datenbank/rb00/rb000891.html Pic of a ca. 1920 Eiskiste-model]. According to German Wikipedia, the mobile "Eiskiste" (icebox) had to be filled with (natural) ice, while its successor, the Kühlbox, worked/works with "Kühlaggregate" (cooling units). The contributor is not sure if suchlike were around at that time. German Wikipedia on [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiskiste Eiskiste] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BChlbox Kühlbox].

'''beleaguered subset''' 
a group (from the whole) under attack

'''That is, is it was ''some smile''''' 
Typo, for That is, it was ''some smile''.

'''Prime Number Theorem''' 
Gives an estimate of the number of primes less than a whole number ''n.'' For example, if ''n'' is 20 then there are nine primes less than it (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19). The Prime Number Theorem is closely related to the Riemann Hypothesis.

:It seems the Prime Number Theorem says something about π(n)(ln n)/n approaches a limit as n increases indefinitely. π (n) is the number of primes.

==Page 591==

'''prats''' 
Literally the buttocks. As a slang term, a 'prat' is an [[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day|idiot]].

'''''Die Nullstellen der ζ-Funktion''''' 
German: the zeroes of the ζ function. (Null = zero; Stelle = location.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function#Zeros_of_the_Riemann_zeta_function Wikipedia] on the "Zeros of the Riemann zeta-function".

'''not all that hard to prove''' 
Kit will upset the applecart if he can prove the Riemann Hypothesis; Yashmeen's research topic will shrink to triviality. (Last time I checked, no one had yet proved the hypothesis.)

'''"Richard Harding Davis"''' 
Popular writer of fiction and drama, journalist/war-correspondent and a major male-role-model of his time (1864 - 1916). He was considered the model for illustrator Charles Dana Gibson's dashing Gibson man, the male equivalent of his famous Gibson Girl. He is also referenced early in Sinclair Lewis's book, ''Dodsworth'' as the example of an exciting, adventure-seeking legitimate hero. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Harding_Davis Wikipedia]. Among other things, he reported on Belgian atrocities in the Congo.

'''seldom, if ever''' 
Cf p559 re Umeki!?

'''tetralatry''' 
made up from greek "tettares" (prefix -tetra) = four and "latreia" = worship

'''C. Howard Hinton''' 
Charles Howard Hinton (1853 – 1907) was a British mathematician and writer of science fiction works titled ''Scientific Romances''. He was interested in higher dimensions, particularly the fourth dimension, and is known for coining the word ''tesseract'' and for his work on methods of visualising the geometry of higher dimensions. He also had a strong interest in theosophy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Howard_Hinton Wikipedia Entry]

'''Johann K.F. Zöllner''' 
Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner (1834–1882) was a German astrophysicist. Studied Photometrie and optical illusions. He insisted a fourth dimension should be considered in Physics and tried to scientifically explain spiritist phenomena.

'''vogue... 'vague'''' 
Nice wordplay as Yashmeen seems to think the vogue of mysticism is not very precise, is 'vague' intellectually. Further play on "vague" = wave, as in an intellectual fad, e.g. in film, the French "Nouvelle Vague" (New Wave).

==Page 592==

'''upside-down triangles''' 
Also Pléiade p538. In mathematics that would be the operator ''del'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del Wikipedia]. Since pre-history and across most cultures the upside-down triangle is a symbol for the female (genitals).

Florian Cajori's ''A History of Mathematical Notations'' (v.2 p.135) states that the del (aka Hamiltonian operator) was introduced by William Hamilton in his 1853 lecture on Quaternions. Rumour has it that it is supposed to be a drawing of an ancient Hebrew harp (nabla). It is also known as the atled (backword delta).

This in turn suggests (within the context of AtD (atled??) a reversal of time or a mirror image of change.

'''screamingly obvious fallacy in this . . . "proof" of yours''' 
Yashmeen reacts in a slight panic to Kit's threat (page 591).

'''metallic banging''' 
Hausknochen on doors, with 'banging' entendre.

'''"metric interval"''' 
In Euclidean (three-dimensional) space a distance is just what you think it is. In other geometrical systems the term "metric interval" is preferred as a generalized distance.

'''social life is unpredictable''' 
mirrors the situation in the "Hotel Noctambulo", p. 462. Are all these guys "chums of chance"?

[Not sure about the "chums" idea, but more confusion between public and private space on pg. 155 -- Hunter Penhallow leaving the ruined city, presumably in a time machine: "At some point he must have come indoors, entering a sort of open courtyard....Without intending to, he was walking through inhabited rooms."]

'''Weenderstrasse '''
The main shopping street in Göttingen.

'''Prinzenstrasse and Weenderstrasse''' 
A street corner at the very center of Göttingen ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=g%C3%B6ttingen,+germany&ie=UTF8&om=1&z=17&ll=51.534284,9.935417&spn=0.006107,0.010793&t=h Google Maps]), "known to mathematicians here as the origin of the city of Göttingen's coordinate system". 
The intersection of these two streets is colloquial called "the navel". For visitors it is not that spectacular, but it's the number one meeting point for people who live in Göttingen before going to a cafe or pub. (I don't know, why we allways meet there, but we allways do!) So Pynchon definitley knows, why he compares this street corner with the origin of Göttingen's coordinate system. 
By the way, one of the oldest bookstores of Göttingen is situated right at the described corner of Prinzen- and Weenderstrasse.

==Page 593==

'''twenty marks''' 
A mark is short for deutschemark, a German monetary unit. 
That was the case after the Second World War, but the unit was just called the mark until at least the end of the empire. [http://www.thegoldcoinstore.com/WorldGold/German_Gold_20_Marks_Kaizer_Wilhelm_II.php Here] is a picture of a 20 mark coin from the period of the action.

'''''der Pistolenheld''''' 
German: the pistol hero. Meaning: the gunman. 'Pistolenheld' seems rather funny, the correct German word is: der Revolverheld.

'''automorphic functions and the Anharmonic Pencil''' 
[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AutomorphicFunction.html Automorphic Functions] are generalizations of trigonometric functions and elliptic functions.

Anharmonic Pencil see [[ATD_525-556#Page 532|page 532:Anharmonic Pencil]].

'''''das Nichtharmonischestrahlenbündel''''' 
Or ''das nichtharmonische Strahlenbündel.'' German: the anharmonic pencil. A "pencil" is the set of lines passing through a point.

'''Euler''' 
Leonhard Euler (pronounced Oiler; IPA [ˈɔʏlɐ]) (April 15, 1707 – September 7, 1783) was a Russian-German mathematician and physicist of Swiss descent. From Wikipedia and below:

Euler made important discoveries in fields as diverse as calculus, number theory, and topology. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. [1] He is also renowned for his work in mechanics, optics, and astronomy.

Euler is considered to be the preeminent mathematician of the 18th century and one of the greatest of all time.

'''Felix Klein''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Klein.html Felix Klein] (1849-1925), a German mathematician, best known for his work in non-Euclidean goemetry, for his work on the connections between geometry and group theory, and for results in function theory. Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 565|page 565:Felix Klein]].

'''''Mathematical Theory of the Top''''' 
Published in the U.S. in 1897. Compare Felix Klein and Arnold Sommerfeld, ''Über die Theorie des Kreisels,'' 4 volumes, 1897-1910.

'''Leopold Kronecker''' and '''Cantor''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Kronecker.html Leopold Kronecker] (1823-1891), a German mathematician, primary contributions were in the theory of equations. He made major contributions in elliptic functions and the theory of algebraic numbers.

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Cantor.html Georg Cantor] (1845-1918), a German mathematician. He founded set theory and introduced the concept of infinite numbers with his discovery of cardinal numbers. He also advanced the study of trigonometric series. (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 250|page 250:Dr. Cantor]]).

The "monumental quarrel between Kronecker and Cantor" is also referred to as a "religious war," appropriately enough. It's based in a disagreement over the legitimacy of numbers. Kronecker held that "'the positive integers were created by God, and all else is the work of man.'" This is contradicted by "'Cantor with his ''Kontinuum'', professing an equally strong belief in just those regions, infinitely divisible, which lie ''between'' the whole numbers so demanding of all Kronecker's devotion.'"

The disagreement between the two mathematicians is reminiscent of (or does it anticipate?) the rift between Pointsman and Mexico in ''Gravity's Rainbow''. Kronecker's integers "created by God" have become a Pavlovian digital binary for Pointsman, but the two oppositions track faithfully right down to the italicized "between."

"The young statistician [Mexico] is devoted to number and to method, not table-rapping or wishful thinking. But in the domain of zero to one, not-something to something, Pointsman can only possess the zero and the one. He cannot, like Mexico, survive anyplace in between. Like his master I. P. Pavlov before him, he imagines the cortex of the brain as a mosaic of tiny on/off elements.... But to Mexico belongs the domain ''between'' zero and one." [Page 55]

It should be noted, however, that the continuous number line was a modern innovation. In Greek number theory, a number is a collection of indivisible units. Irrationals, such as the square root of 2 are not numbers but "magnitudes." One is not even a number for it is not a number of units. There are no negative numbers as well. (see Klein's Greek Mathematical Thought and the Origin of Algebra.) So Kronecker's position may be less of a crazy innovation as much as a maintenance of ancient theory.

:That last paragraph makes an excellent point.

'''the square root of minus one''' 
The imaginary number ''i''. Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 133|page 133:Imarginary Number]].

'''the square root of ''plus two''' 
From Carl B. Boyer's ''A History of Mathematics'', 2nd Ed. 1991, pp.564 & 565): 
The domain of rational numbers can be extended to form a continuum of real numbers if one assumes Cantor-Dedekind axiom that the points on a line can be put into one-to-one correspondence with the real numbers. "Arithmetically expressed, this means that for every division of the rational numbers into two classes A and B such that every number of the first class, A, is less than every number of the second class, B, there is one and only one real number producing this ''Schnitt'', or . . . cut. If A has a largest number, or if B contains a smallest number, the cut defines a rational number; but if A has no largest number and B no smallest, then the cut defines an irrational number. If, for example, we put in A all negative rational numbers and also all positive rational numbers whose squares are less than 2, and in B all positive rational numbers whose squares are more than 2, we have subdivided the entire field of rational numbers in a manner defining an irrational number—in this case the number that we usually write as" ''suqare root of 2''. In fact, the squae root of ''plus two'' "can be defined simply as that segment or subclass of the set of rational numbers made up of all positive rational numbers whose squares are less than 2 and also of all negative rational numbers." —— This is what Kronecker did not believe.

'''''Kontinuum''''' 
This passage closely parallels the one about the "microcosm of Venice" on page 575.

==Page 594==

'''''Nervenklinik''''' 
German: nerve clinic. Three-dollar word for a mental hospital.

'''boundless epsilonic world''' 
Epsilon, Greek letter like E. In mathematics (particularly calculus), an arbitrary (or nearly so) small positive quantity is commonly denoted ε; see limit.
By analogy with this, the late mathematician Paul Erdős also used the term "epsilons" to refer to children (Hoffman 1998, p. 4). Wikipedia; of Huxley's five classes of citizens in ''Brave New World'' epsilons were purposely stunted physically and intellectually.

'''Der Finsterzwerg''' 
The choice of the tavern "The Dwarf of Darkness" may have been meant as a dig at five-foot-tall Kronecker.

'''chloral hydrate''' 
A/k/a "knockout drops" a/k/a a "Mickey Finn". Hence the ''Mickifest''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloral_hydrate Wikipedia entry].

'''''Kneipe''''' 
German: pub

'''Gauss passing to Weber a remark''' 
Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß) (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and scientist of profound genius who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. Sometimes known as "the prince of mathematicians" and "greatest mathematician since antiquity", Gauss had a remarkable influence in many fields of mathematics and science and is ranked as one of history's most influential mathematicians. (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Gauss]].)

That influence is seen in the field of statistics where the Gaussian distribution (also known as the normal distribution, popularly known as the bell curve) is named after him. With its ability to correctly model "psychological measurements and physical phenomena" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution] and its resemblance to both the rainbow and the rocket's arc, there's no surprise Pynchon references it often in GR, even having Roger Mexico quote the formula as "an old saying among my people" (p.709).

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber Wilhelm Weber] (1804-91), a noted German physicist. He studied magnetism with Gauss and in 1831, on the recommendation of Gauss, he was appointed as professor of physics at Göttingen. And in 1833 Gauss and Weber constructed the first electromagnetic telegraph. The SI unit of magnetic flux, the ''weber'', is named after him.

In 1831 Gauss developed a fruitful collaboration with the physics professor Wilhelm Weber; it led to new knowledge in the field of magnetism (including finding a representation for the unit of magnetism in terms of mass, length and time) and the discovery of Kirchhoff's circuit laws in electricity. Gauss and Weber constructed the first electromagnetic telegraph in 1833, which connected the observatory with the institute for physics in Göttingen. Gauss ordered a magnetic observatory to be built in the garden of the observatory and with Weber founded the magnetischer Verein ("magnetic club"), which supported measurements of earth's magnetic field in many regions of the world. He developed a method of measuring the horizontal intensity of the magnetic field which has been in use well into the second half of the 20th century and worked out the mathematical theory for separating the inner (core and crust) and outer (magnetospheric) sources of Earth's magnetic field

'''Göttingen . . . in the war with Prussia''' 
This refers to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_war Austro-Prussian War], (also called Seven Weeks' War), June 15–August 23, 1866, between Prussia, allied with Italy, and Austria, allied with Bavaria, Wüttemberg, Saxony (where Göttingen is located), Hanover, Baden and several other smaller German states. It was Bismarck's aim to expel, by force, Austria from the German Confederation as a step toward the unification of Germany under Prussian dominace.
:Göttingen is in Saxony now (specifically the state of ''Niedersachsen'' or Lower Saxony), but until 1866 it was an important city in the Kingdom of Hanover.

'''political crisis in Europe''' 
The period of 1870 to 1914 was characterized by the Anglo-German naval race and European powers - Germany, Italy, Belgium, Britain and France - scrambled for Africa. The major events in Europe were: 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War; 1905 Russian Revolution; 1908 Bosnia Crisis; 1911-12 Italian Turkish War; 1912-13 Balkan War; 1914 World War I began.

'''crisis in mathematics . . . Weierstrass functions, Cantor's continuum, Russell's inexhaustible capacity for mischief''' 
A genuine crisis as well-established ideas were challenged. Weierstrass functions have the unheard-of property that they are "continuous but nowhere differentiable." Cantor's ideas about the continuum violated a longstanding prohibition against infinite quantities. Bertrand Russell around this time was setting the cat among the pigeons by identifying paradoxes and inconsistencies in set theory and number theory.

'''"the infinite" was all but a conjuror's convenience''' 
There is a very good book relating how the infinite, between the 18th and early 20th centuries, finally found a place in mathematics: ''In Search of Infinity'' by N.Ya. Vilenkin (translated by Abe Shenitzer).

==Page 595==

'''That winter, in St. Petersburg . . . Hundreds were killed and wounded.''' 
22 Jan 1905, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_%281905%29 Bloody Sunday]. 

The event on January 22, 1905, ''Bloody Sunday'', was a watershed in the Russian history. 
Russia's armies were losing to the Japanese in the Far East. Her workers at home were challenging the rule of Romanov's Autocracy. At the beginning of 1905, the worker of ''Putilov Works'' of St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia, went on stike for better living and working conditions. They were joined by many from other factories. Father Gapon, a priest, urged the striking workers to present directly to the Tsar on January 22, 1905 a petition to seek justice and protection. They would beg Nicholas II to come to their aid. The morning of January 22 was very cold (about five degrees below freezing) and some 200,000 workers and their wives and children came peacefully and orderly carrying icons, portraits of Nicholas, and no revolutionary placards not even red handkerchiefs. To stop the workers' march upon the Palace Square barracades were set across several avenues that connected to the city center. At each of these points, soldiers tried to turn back the marchers and, at several of them, officers ordered to fire into the crowds. The worst slaughter took place on the Winter Palace Square itself, between 150 and 200 men, women, and children lay shot dead and another 450 to 800 had been wounded while the Cossacks charged into the dispersing crowds with sabers drawn. 
Bloody Sunday, as that tragic day soon became known, marked the beginning of what the Tsar's mother called the "year of nightmares", and the beginning of what many others called the "year of revolution". (Based on W. Bruce Lincoln's ''Romanovs'' (1981)).

'''Grand Duke Sergei''' 
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov (1857-1905) was the uncle and brother-in-law of Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918, Reign: 1894-1917). In 1891 he was appointed as Moscow Governor General. In 1894 he also was a member of the State Council. He resigned from the Governorship on January 1, 1905 but continued as Commander of the Moscow military district. In the afternoon of February 17, 1905, in a carriage leaving the Kremlin Grand Duke Sergei was killed by a nitroglycerine bomb thrown by a Socialist Revolutionary terrorist directly into his lap. He was literally blown to bits and pieces. The assassination of Grand Duke Sergei signaled the beginning of a broader wave of popular unrest that had been sparked by the events of Bloody Sunday and swept the whole nation. Many more assassinations, strikes, disorders and uprisings followed during the year.
(Grand Duke Sergei's replacement, Shurvalov, was assassinated on July 11 of the same year.)

'''More strikes . . . peasant and military insurections . . . into the summer''' 
In January-February, turbulent reaction to Bloody Sunday spread across neighboring regions, especially the industrial centers which experienced spontaneous workers' strikes: Vilno, Kovno, Kiev, Moscow were paralyzed. In February-March the labor unrests reached Saratov Province and the Caucasus, and Siberia. Labor unrests were persistent throughout Russia into August. In early March university students left their classrooms, and at the end of the month the authorities closed down all the universities throughout the whole country for the rest of the academic year. (Student unrest even reached Orthodox seminaries.) 
In March, peasant unrests erupted widely, especially in Kursk, and Chernigov and Orel provinces and northwest regions of European Russia. In June, the Battleship ''Potemkin'' mutinied and in the Black Sea port city Odessa there was a large scale uprising by the sailors, soldiers, workers and ordinary citizens. On June 28 afternoon hundreds of protesters were killed on the Odessa Steps which was immortalized by the classic movie sequence in the 1925 Eisenstein's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Batlleship_Potemkin ''The Battleship Potemkin''] (considered by some one of the greatest films of all time). In summer widespread peasants' attacks on landowners' estates dramatically increased throughout Russia. The Peasant Union was organized at a secret August 13-14 Moscow conference.

'''Kronstadt''' 
Kronstadt was a naval fortress in the Gulf of Finland 18 miles west of St. Petersburg. Following the destruction of the Baltic Fleet by the Japanese in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) (Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318: The Russo-Japanese War]]) Kronstadt joined the general uprising which swept the whole Russian country. The first Kronstadt uprising on November 8-9, 1905, participated in by the majority of Kronstadt's 13,000 sailors and soldiers, was basically a large armed riot accompanied by liberal political demands. It lasted only two days. Kronstadt's second uprising took place in July 1906 but was brutally suppressed.

'''Sebastopol''' 
A port city of Russia (now, Sevastopol of Ukrain), located on the Black Sea coast of the Crimean peninsula west of Yalta. Sebastopol was associated with rebellion, mutiny and civil war. 
On June 27, 1905 the battleship ''Potemkin'' sailed from Sebastopol to Odessa and to mutiny against the ship's oppressive officers. The mutineers killed seven of the eighteen officers, including the Captain and the Second in Command. The ship eventually sailed to Romania and turned over to the authority there on July 7. (Sergei Eisenstein's ''The Battlehip Potemkin'' made her famous well beyond Russia.) 
On October 1, 1905, citizen of Sebastopol and sailors from the Black Fleet demonstrated in the city center demanding the authority to free political presoners, etc, but were met with gun fire. Wide spread unrest and naval mutinies followed. In November the cruiser ''Ochakov'' led a rebellion joined by several other warships. The rebellion was eventually suppressed by a stronger government force a couple of months later.

'''Black Hundreds''' 
Anti-Semitic vigilantes.

The name was a derogatory one, adapted from the term "White Hundreds", which was used in medieval Russia for the privileged caste of nobles and wealthy merchants. The lower-class types who joined the Black Hundreds were not in this class hence their ironic nomenclature. It was formed in response to the October Manifesto by those who had either lost or were afraid of losing their petty status in the social hierachy as a result of modernization and reform. They blamed the Jews as the ultimate cuase for Tsar's retreat. Fighting revolution in the streets was their way of revenging themselves, a means of putting the clock back and restoring the social and racial hierarchy. (Based on Orlando Figes' ''A People's Tragedy'' (1996))

'''Japanese won''' 
The Japanese destroyed the bulk of the Russian Baltic Fleet in the Battle of Tsushima Strait on May 27-28, 1905. In ''GR'', the soon-to-be-defeated fleet puts in at German Southwest Africa during the 1904 Herero Revolt; Tchicherine's father, a sailor in that fleet, may also be the father of Enzian, leader of the Schwarzcommando.

By January 1905 the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo_Japanese_War Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)] had been going on in Manchuria for nearly a year. In the summer of 1904, the Russia's Pacific Fleet was bottled up inside Port Arthur (now, Lüshun, Liaoning, China) and the port was under siege as from August. In October, the Tsar sent the entire Baltic Fleet to relief the siege. At the beginning of 1905, Port Arthur finally fell after a siege and bombardment lasted 156 days. In March 1905 Russia and Japan fought the greatest land battle in the history up to then at Mukden (Shenyang, Liaoning). Each side committed more than 300,000 troops and over 1,000 pieces of artillery. After nearly one month's fighting both lost more than 50,000 killed and wounded, but the Russians withrew 40 miles to the north. After streaming halfway around the world in a grueling voyage of many months without adequate logistic support, on May 27 the Russian fleet met the waiting Japanese (under Admiral Togo) in the Tsuhsima Straits that separated Japan and Korea. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tsushima Battle of Tsushima Straits (May 27-28)] was one of the most decisive naval battles in history. Even though the Russians had more ships and more heavy guns, but within a few hours, they lost 8 battleships, 3 cruisers, 5 minelayers and 4 other ships. Four more battleship surrendered next day, and the Russian commanding admiral (Admiral Rozhdestvenskii) was also captured. The Japanese lost only a total of 3 torpedo boats. (Based on W. Bruce Lincoln's ''Romanovs'' (1981)). 
After two months' negotiation, the Russo-Japanese War officially ended with the signing of the Peace Treaty of Porstmouth (New Hampshire) on September 5, 1905.

'''A general strike in the autumn . . .''' 
In late September a printer's trike in Moscow was in progress for over a fortnight. By October 18 it seemed that the strike was losing steam. But on October 20 railroad workers struck the Moscow-Kazan Railway and the strike spread outward along all the railroad lines: to St Petersburg in the west, to Voronesh and Kharkov in the south; and by October 23 it had reached Siberia. Twenty-six thougsand miles of track were immobilized as 750,000 railroad employees struck. At this time much of European Russia was in the grip of one of the greatest and most effective general strikes in the history of labor protest anywhere in the world. All of Russia's industry ground to a halt, everyone stopped work. Factory workers, servants, postal workers, telegraph operatiors, janitors, and hackney drivers all walked off their wjobs, as did bank clerks, shop clerks, and clerks in government office. Doctors, laywers, shcoolteachers, university professors, even the entire corps de ballet of the great Imperaial Mariinskii Theatre—all joined the strike. There were no newspapers, no streetlights, no tramcars . . . As all rail traffic stopped and telegraph line dead, Russia was isolated from the rest of the world. At the same time, the revolutionary groups organized a new body for coordinating the activities of the striking workers and for expressing their joint political and economic demands: the "St. Petersburg
''Soviet'' of Workers' Deputies". Many other Soviets were set up and developed later as alternate governing organizations. The name and organization ''Soviet'' (Russian word ''Sovet'' means council) took on a legendary meaning from then on and became historical. 
With the regime on the verge of collapse, in response, the Tsar, advised by the Prime Minister, issued the famouse ''October Manifesto'' on October 30, 1905, by which Nicholas granted to all Russian civil rights, agreed to summon a Duma (Parliament) elected by wide (though not universal) suffrage, and agreed that all laws must be approved by the Duma. In the meantime, on December 16, troops were sent to arrest some three hundred members of the St. Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies. The Revolution of 1905 in the Capital passed into history.

'''In December . . . another major uprising''' 
In Moscow, the Soviet of Workers' Deputeis proclaimed a general strike for December 20. When the authorities moved to arrest the stike leaders, an armed uprising broke out. Barricades went up in workers' quarter of the city, and revolutionaries from St. Petersburg, Odessa, and elsewhere joined in the struggle. Nicholas dispatched elite troops with artillery which reduced the rebels' area to ruins. By December 31, the rebellion in Moscow was over. The number of killed and wounded totaled over a thousand.

'''In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines''' 
The Russo-Japanese War was officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth on August 23, 1905. In late summer there were numerous minor mutinies by troop returning from Manchuria on the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Fighting between the left and the right erupted on October 20 around Tomsk. On November 12, mutinous soldiers and sailors destroyed much of Vladivostok on the Pacific coast, the end of the Trans-Siberian. There were unrests and prisings in Chita (November 29), Irkutsk (December 13), and Novorossiisk (December 22) as well.

'''Muslim rebellion''' 
The downfall of the Ottoman Empire by Turkey?

:No. In this whole paragraph Pynchon only factually describes the events in Russia and the Russian 1905 Revolution.

:Muslims in Central Asia (Kirghiz, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tadzhik, and others) had never been happy as pawns in the "Great Game" and now (1905) attempted to throw off Russian domination. Turkey, center of the Ottoman Empire, had its rebellion a few years later.

:The text said "'''''a''''' Muslim rebellion". Anyone knows this 1905 Muslim Rebellion in Russia?

'''the year that followed . . . Russians everywhere''' 
The well-known 1905 Revolution in Russian history was the beginning of the fall of the ''Old Regime''. The text "as the Revolution went collapsing" refered exactly to this one, not the February and October Revolutions in 1917. So "the year that followed" refered to 1906. In fact, Pynchon explicitly stated on page 602: "''By 1906'' there were Russians everywhere, . . ."

Soon after the collapse of the 1905 Revolution many Russians emmigrated abroad. They were 1) opponents to the Tsar regime feared of reprisal and backlash; 2) intelligentsia who were frightened by what just happened and afraid of a more violent upheaval in the future (Maxim Gorky, the writer, left Russia in the spring of 1906); 3) Jews, the victims of the large scale pogroms in 1905-06 (1964 Broadway musical ''Fiddler on the Roof'' told the story of how one Jewish family being forced to leave Russia in 1906); 4) youngsters who escaped the compulsory millitary service or looked for a quieter place for education. This was the second wave (1905-1917) of Russian emmigration. (1st wave: 1880-1905; 3rd: 1917-1939; 4th: 1945-1960; 5th: 1991-current).

'''as the Revolution went collapsing''' 
The first paragraph of this page is a factual description of the revolutionary events occured in Russia in 1905 which wwere later collectively called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revolution_of_1905 1905 Revolution]. It was the foreshock of that of 1917. It had all of Russia in its grip, and its outbreak had not been planned; it had simply grown spontaneously. It failed under the usual combination of repression and concessions. (see Richard Pipes' ''The Russian Revolution'' (1990)). In Soviet Marxist history 1905 Revolution is second only in importance to 1917 October Revolution, one of the most important revolutionary iconic events. (The 1917 Frebruary Revolution, the one actually overthrew the Tsar's Regime, was lightly mentioned because it was considered a ''bourgeois revolution''.) Numerous books, songs, poems, films . . . had been devoted to this Revolution. To the west the most memorable are the Eisenstein's silent film ''Battleship Potmekin'' (1925) and Shostakovich's ''Symphony No 11: The year 1905'' (1957).

'''Peter and Paul Fortress''' 
At St. Petersburg, established by Peter the Great. Political prisoners were confined there from the first half of the 1700s. Conditions were notoriously harsh.

'''kazatsky''' 
A Cossack dance, stereotypical Russian behavior.

'''raid....Waziristan''' 
Waziristan (Pashto: وزیرستان) is a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering some 11 585 km² (4,473 mi²). It comprises the area west and southwest of Peshawar between the Tochi River to the north and the Gomal River to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas. The North-West Frontier Province lies immediately to the east. The region was an independent tribal territory from 1893, remaining outside of British-ruled empire and Afghanistan. Tribal raiding into British-ruled territory was a constant problem for the British, eliciting frequent punitive expeditions between 1860 and 1945. Wikipedia

Currently, it is thought to be the last stronghold of Al Qaeda and Osama Bin Laden.

:Worth noting, perhaps, that Yashmeen came from Russia and had been ''transported'' to Waziristan for sale as a slave.

==Page 596==

'''as-ever transcendentally interesting hair''' 
(Perhaps a reference to Albert Einstein?)

Possibly, but given the numerous mentions of the Zeta function it is most likely a reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_numbers Transcendental Numbers]. These are irrational numbers that do not exist as the zero (or solution) to any algebraic function. A number of groundbreaking results regarding transcendentalism were made around the time the novel is set, and most if not all of the mathematicians and mathematical methods mentioned in the book revolve around transcendental numbers and functions.

Given that these numbers are often expressed as an infinite series, in which successive terms add ever-more-minuscule amounts to the value of the number, yet each digit is fascinatingly unique (since the decimal never repeats), it seems to me that Pynchon is suggesting that Yashmeen's hair has the quality of being endlessly fascinating, that even the observation of a single hair (or even a portion of a single hair) is involving and invigorating. This would mirror Kit's fascination and infatuation with Yashmeen, and the term would likely spring readily to the mind of a mathematician of the era.[[User:Dharper|Dharper]] 08:15, 16 January 2007 (PST)

'''. . . the Revolution''' 
Russian 1905 Revolution.

'''...it all finds its way back to the T.W.I.T. people....'''

"and what comes out of their shop can surprisingly often be trusted"

Suggestive of the CIA's Stargate Project in Remote Viewing

''''gen'''' 
British military slang for information. To gen-up is to learn quickly. OED gives earliest recorded use of the word as 1940.

'''a soul impaled . . . as if to bisect me''' 
Harks back to the fate of La Jarretière in ''V.''

'''Afghani dirhan''' 
An Afghani coin, more usually transliterated as "dirham". [http://ghaznavid.ancients.info/ This site] has pictures and more information.

'''Ghaznivid Empire''' 
Usually transliterated as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavid_Empire Ghaznavid Empire] (Wikipedia)

'''coffee scion''' 
Coffee motif. More likely: coffee heir.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
"quasseln" is a German verb, meaning roughly "to jabber"

'''less than universally respected Ludwig Boltzmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann Boltzmann] proposed an explanation of thermodynamics based on the statistical behaviour of atoms. Many influential colleagues at the time did not believe in the reality of atoms and thus worked to discredit Boltzmann.

==Page 597==

'''Gymnasium child''' 
A Gymnasium is a German secondary school

'''''Ach, die Zetamanie''''' 
German: Oh, the zeta-mania.

'''one measure of the chaos''' 
Cf. p. 188, where Neville and Nigel are referred to as "the N's," and to the proliferation of N name in T.W.I.T. in general.

'''crime...narrative puzzle''' 
Hinting at Webb's role in the novel?

One of Pynchon's central themes and best depicted in The Crying of Lot 49 which can be read as a satire on the order of crime novels and a comment on the central order of narrative structures. Certainly ATD can be read as a vast extension on this theme. The chaos/ order binary has already been a introduced a couple of lines above.

Humfried's comment reiterates something Pynchon says in his essay 'Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?', in virtually the same words.

'''Göttingen tradition'''...'''statue''' 
Like other university towns, Göttingen has developed its own folklore. On the day of their doctorate, postgraduate students are drawn in handcarts from the Great Hall to the Gänseliesel-Fountain in front of the Old Town Hall. There they have to climb the fountain and kiss the statue of the Gänseliesel (Goose girl). This practice is actually forbidden by law, but the law is not at all enforced. She is considered to be the most-kissed girl in the world. Wikipedia.

Addendum of interest for GR and ATD.
Nearly untouched by allied bombing in World War II (the informal understanding during the war was that Germany wouldn't bomb Cambridge and Oxford and the allies wouldn't bomb Heidelberg and Göttingen).

'''Rathaus square''' 
The square in front of City Hall.

==Page 598==

'''Axioms of Zermelo''' 
The basic axioms of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo-Frankel_set_theory#The_axioms Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory].

'''Poincaré''' 
Henri Poincaré (1854-1912), one of France's greatest mathermaticians and theorectical physicists. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9 Wikipedia])

'''Cauchy''' 
Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789-1857), a French mathematician. His name was connected with many other mathematicians mentioned in ATD: Cauchy-Riemann equation, Cauchy-Frobenious lemma, Cauchy-Euler equation, Cauchy-Kovalevskaia theorem. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin_Louis_Cauchy Wikipedia])

'''Whittaker and Watson''' 
A standard mathematics textbook of the time ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whittaker_and_Watson Wikipedia])

'''two point one''' 
(Cf Sondheim lyric, "A Little Night Music" [http://lynxfeather.net/nest/lyrics/nightmusic-nowlatersoon.html lyrics].)

:I think here just point-by-point listing was being used: 1); 2); 2.1).

==Page 599==

'''"What here is he ''doing?''" . . . "Obviously, we must now a duel fight."''' 
In keeping with his name (see p. 596 annotations), Günther speaks in a stage-German accent.

'''dueling-society cap''' 
Probably student corporation insignia.

'''inconvenience''' 
Obviously the name of the Chums' airship; whenever the word appears there seems to be a reference to the Chums; here: "...Here, not completely...slightly...somewhere else" as the airship always seems to be.

'''''Liebchen''''' 
German, "sweetheart"

'''''Egal was, meine Schatze''''' 
German, "No matter what, my darling" - though "meine Schatze" is an improper femininization, which ought to be "mein Schatz".

Meine Schatze literally means "my treasure" and is the term of endearment I used with my German girlfriend. She never mentioned it being "improper".

:"Meine Schatze" is definitely no German phrase, and it also sounds really strange to my (Austrian German) ears. "Meine Schätze" would be the plural, but that does not seem to make sense in this context. "Mein Schatz" instead would fit perfectly.

'''''Schläger''''' 
A specialized weapon for student duels. See Wikipedia's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_fencing Academic fencing] article.

'''Krummsäbel''' 
German, "scimitar".

'''Korbrapier''' 
A rapier with a basket ("Korb" in German) like protection hilt.

'''épée''' 
French for sword

A sharp-pointed duelling sword.

==Page 600==

'''Colt six-shooters''' 
I guess Kit's luggage beat him to Gottingen.

'''''Verbindung''''' 
German: connection, union. Here the student corps one belongs to.

'''upon the face of the other, ''to inscribe one's mark''''' 
In several of his movies, the actor Erich von Stroheim appeared with a nasty scar on the left side of his face. Dueling was a pastime of honor at some universities, and the sword scar was the mark of having sustained one's honor there. Special weapons, masks and inflaming treatments were employed to produce this lifelong disfigurement.

'''a Mexican tilde''' 
The wavy mark over the letter ñ in Spanish.

'''restoring moment, elastic constants''' 
Günther's scar is tilde-shaped because as his opponent's sword passed across his face it vibrated up and down once and returned to its starting position. The following would be a reasonable problem for a high-school physics student: If you know how fast the blade tip was traveling side to side and you're allowed to measure the scar, what was the frequency of the up-and-down motion? A second-year university physics student could work out the frequency of vibration given certain properties of the sword and swordsman. A ''restoring moment'' acts to swing the blade back to its mean position when it is deflected; the duelist's wrist exerts one restoring moment and the elasticity of the steel exerts a second one. The restoring moment depends in part on a number called ''elastic constant'' that relates force to linear deflection (think of the classic fisherman's scale, where more weight extends the spring farther).

'''wasn't going to converge . . . skipped a step . . . ''divided by zero''''' 
Kit insults Günther by pointing out blunders in the proof he gave to Yashmeen.

'''Geheimrat Hilbert''' 
German: confidential counsellor. A title of honor given to prominent civilian figures in Germany. For Hilbert Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page 324:Dr. Hilbert]].

==Page 601==

'''''Ehrenkodex''''' 
German, "code of honor"

'''Tyrolean hats''' 
[http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=tirolerhut&btnG=Search+Images Images]

'''''Schnurrbartbinde''''' 
A device to keep one's mustache safe from entanglement when sleeping, like [http://www.volkskrantblog.nl/pub/mm/2006/01/1137360569.70341.gif this].

'''Zeiss "Palmos Panoram"''' 
An early panoramic camera, mentioned in the 1911 Britannica's [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Photography Photography] article.

'''''"Auf die Mensur!"''''' 
German, "to the duel"

'''Andaman Islands''' 
[http://www.openencyclopedia.net/index.php/Andaman_Islands Here]'s a mention of tattooing practices in the Andaman Islands

'''Stephanie du Motel... group-theory godfather Évariste Galois''' 
Évariste Galois died in a duel at the age of 20. Though much confusion surrounds the affair, it is suspected that he provoked the duel after being rejected by one Stéphanie-Felice du Motel. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evariste_Galois#Final_days Wikipedia])

==Page 602==

'''By 1906 there were Russians everywhere, flown and fleeing westward''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 595|page 595:the year that followed . . . Russians everywhere]]. fleeing westward: most popular destination for Russian refugees was then France, later America.

'''young Ouspensky''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Uspensky Peter D. Ouspensky] (1878-1947), Russian mystic and philosopher, author of ''The Fourth Dimension'', appropriate to Pynchon's themes in ''ATD''.

An anachronism: Ouspensky's ''The Fourth Dimension'' wasn't published until 1909. (See Linda Dalrymple Henderson's ''The Fourth Dimension and Non-Euclidean Geometry in Modern Art''.)

'''Theosophoid''' 
A Pynchonism. From Theosophist Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page 219|page 219:Madame Blavatsky, Theosophical Society]]. the suffix "oid" often used in mathematics, indicates a "similarity, not necessarily exact, to something else". (android: similar to a man, ovoid: similar to an egg, etc.) As it is explained in the next sentence, "That's a Theosophist, only not entirely". Fitting, in a book that is obsessed with doppelgängers and people who are at once themselves, but not quite (see the transformations of Dr. V Ganesh Rao)

'''Chong''' 
A strange and seemingly unlikely visitor to Göttingen. The name might be taken from the Chinese philosopher Wang Chong, or Wang Ch'ung. Could also be Cheech Marin's partner, Tommy Chong (C.Marin alluded to earlier p.477). - This is Sidney Reilly, a famous spy of the time, in disguise. See the note on Sidney below.

'''"The what?"''' 
(Precipitous drop in authorial expectations?)

'''Chinese Bolshevik''' 
Chinese Communist. For the true meaning of Bolshevik Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 616|page 616:Bolshevists]]

'''Sidney . . . Kensington Sid''' 
Kensington is where elected officials worked. 

This is Sidney Reilly, the famous Ace of Spies. The reference is made clear by Swome on page 630, and, to the extent that any appearance here makes sense, a spy makes more sense than a political theorist. An annotation on page 630 includes a Wikipedia reference for Reilly. I don't know whether Reilly (or British spies of the day in general) had a particular association with Kensington, or whether the reference is to Chunxton Crescent, which is placed in roughly that part of London.

'''transtriadic''' 
Beyond the three.

==Page 603==

'''"Spiritual... At Göttingen?"''' 
Gottingen is materialistic. Preserved brains as like in a tannery.

'''Applied Mechanics Institute''' 
An institute of the University of Göttingen

'''Prandtl's recent discovery of the boundary layer''' 
Ludwig Prandtl ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Prandtl Wikipedia]) in 1904 developed the theory of the boundary layer ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary%20layer Wikipedia]) in aerodynamics, greatly simplifying aerodynamic calculations.

'''powered flight . . . at the edge of history''' 
In 1905 already a reality, but the pioneering empirical work was taking place in Ohio, not Germany.

'''brambled guttie''' 
A proto golf-ball, see [http://www.che.rochester.edu/users/dafoster/ChE243/SciAm%20GolfBall.pdf here].

'''Bürgerstrasse''' 
German, "Citizen's Street", a street in Göttingen.<bre>
This translation is correct but here "Bürger" refers to the German poet Gottfried August Bürger (1748 - 1794) who lived in Göttingen.

'''brambling''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brambling Brambling] (''Fringilla montifringilla'') is a finch related to chaffinches, and is plumed orange, black, and white. Widespread in northern Europe and Asia, it occasionally strays to Alaska and farther south.

'''Brauweg''' 
German, "Brewery Way", a street in Göttingen.

'''Zhukovsky's Transformation''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joukowsky_transform Joukowsky Transform] maps the unit circle in the complex plane to a shape very much like an airfoil.

'''Geheimrat Klein ''' 
Geheimrat = Privy councillor. 
In geometry, the Klein model, also called the projective model... is a model of n-dimensional hyperbolic geometry in which the points of the geometry are in an n-dimensional disk, or ball, and the lines of the geometry are line segments contained in the disk; that is, with endpoints on the boundary of the disk. 

'''glass of tea''' 
(Why not 'cup'?)
because in Europe, as opposed to in England, tea may be drunk from glassware.

'''draw pictures . . . flights of arrows . . . vectors without pictures''' 
Vectors can be visualized as arrows in a plane or three-dimensional space; more generally they can be represented as arrays of coefficients, and now they are not limited to three dimensions.

'''''"...according to Spiral Theory, up to infinity." "And beyond, " added Gunther, nodding earnestly.''''' 
Reference to Buzz Lightyear's stock character phrase in 1995's TOY STORY (Pixar/Disney):
"To Infinity... and Beyond!"
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:43, 19 December 2006 (PST)
: The text said nothing about Spiral Theory, I believe.
This reminded me of the caption "Jupiter and Beyond the Infinite" in the movie ''2001: A Space Odyssey''. [[User:WolfgangFaber|WolfgangFaber]] 07:44, 10 October 2008 (PDT)

'''according to Spectral Theory, up to infinity''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page 324:Spectral Theory]] and [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page 324:''infinite'' dimensions]].

==Page 604==

'''nontrivial zeroes''' 
The Riemann zeta function has two classes of zeros, the trivial zeroes being at negative even integers (-2, -4...), the non-trivial complex numbers, believed (but not proven) to have Re(z)=1/2. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis Wikipedia]. or Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:Zeta function conjecture]].

'''much-noted talk''' 
At the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris, Hilbert proposed a research programme of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s_problems#Tabulated_information 23 problems]. The Riemann hypothesis is number 8 on the list.

'''Sorbonne''' 
Until 1971, the name ''Sorbonne'' refered to the historic University of Paris in Paris, France, one of the best universities in France. The name is derived from the ''Collège de Sorbonne'', founded in 1257 by Robert de Sorbon as one of the first significant colleges of the medieval University of Paris; the university itself as such predates the college by about a centure. In 1971, after the univeristy reforms, the five faculties of the former University of Paris were split and then reformed into thirteen interdisciplinary universities. Three of them as true "heirs" to the original, have kept the Sorbonne name as part of their official title: Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), the New Sorbonne, and the Panthéon-Sorbonne. [http://www.paris4.sorbonne.fr/en/sommaire.php3 The University of Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV)] was the inheritor of the former University of Paris' Arts and Sciences Faculties.

'''the outstanding problems in mathematics''' 
Hilbert's Problems are 23 (originally) unsolved problems in mathematics proposed by Hilbert. Of the 23 total appearing in the printed address, 10 were actually presented at the Second International Congress of Mathematics at the Sorbonne, Paris on August 8, 1900. [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HilbertsProblems.html Hilbert's Problems] were designed to serve as examples for the kinds of problems whose solutions would lead to the furthering of disciplines in mathermatics. As such, some were areas for investigation and therefore not strictly "problems".

'''eigenvalues''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalue Wikipedia] Dudley Eigenvalue, D.D.S., was a character in ''V.''

'''Hermitian operator''' 
A Hermitian operator generalises some of the ideas of symmetry when complex numbers are involved. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitian_operator Wikipedia]

'''spine of reality . . . ''"Rückgrat von Wirklichkeit"''''' 
Probably a reference to the main diagonal of a Hermitian matrix, which can contain only real numbers. The German phrase is one accurate way to translate the English.

:are there any others? Translate the German back to English and you get "backbone of reality"

'''Hilbert-Polya Conjecture''' 
The conjecture that the zeroes of the Riemann function would be the eigenvalues of a Hermitian operator, just what Yashmeen is suggesting.

==Page 605==

'''Vance Aychrome''' 
The voracious detective is a stock figure in the mystery genre (Nero Wolfe, Mycroft Holmes, Inspector Dover, D.C.I. Dalziel and others). 
Is his name pronounced Eye Chrome, as in private eye? Weak possible connection?-- a truck light called Big Eye Chrome. The name sounds like 'fancy chrome.'

'''Full English Breakfast''' 
Bacon, eggs, tomato, toast... otherwise known as a fry-up.

'''Pythagorean dietary''' 
The Greek philosopher Pythagoras, who lived towards the end of the 6th century BC, was a prominent proponent of vegetarianism. The Pythagorean diet came to mean an avoidance of the flesh of slaughtered animals. Pythagorean ethics first became a philosophical morality between 490-430 BC with a desire to create a universal and absolute law including injunctions not to kill "living creatures," to abstain from "harsh-sounding bloodshed," in particular animal sacrifice, and "never to eat meat." (From a review of ''The Heretics Feast: a History of Vegetarianism'' by Colin Spencer, University Press of New England, 1995)

'''kippers and bloaters''' 
Different words (both Scottish) for smoked herrings

'''baps''' 
soft bread rolls - another Scottish word

'''Spong machine''' 
Appropriate technology. An English-made hand-cranked coffee grinder that doesn't light up, lacks a readout to tell when the beans are ready, and signally fails to function before the user wakes up. Only drawback is that some spouses compare its sound to half a load of cobbles being dumped on the roof.

'''thinned''' 
From full 78. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot Wikipedia]

'''vegetarian haggis''' 
It exists: [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22vegetarian+haggis Google search]

==Page 606==

'''Lamont Replevin''' 
"Replevin" is a legal term for a form of civil action to recover possession of property being wrongfully held by another.

'''Elflock Villa''' 
Elflock: A lock of hair tangled as if by elves. Often used in the plural.

'''Stuffed Edge, Herts''' 
An imaginary village in the South-East English county of Hertfordshire. Stuffed hedge?

'''kedgeree''' 
A hot breakfast dish of fish, rice, and eggs.

'''Cesare Lombroso''' 
Anthropologist who devised a method of identifying criminal "types" from their facial structures. (Cf [[ATD_171-198#Page 172|page 172: Dr. Lombroso]]).

'''Trans-Oxanian''' 
From the other side of the Oxus River (now Amu-Darya) in Central Asia. Cf. [[ATD_429-459#Page 439|page 439:the Oxus]].

'''Graeco-Buddhist''' 
The hybrid cultural background evidenced in Shambhala. Greco-Buddhism, sometimes spelled Graeco-Buddhism, is the cultural syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 800 years in Central Asia in the area corresponding to modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan, between the 4th century BCE and the 5th century CE. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Buddhism Wikipedia] and Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page 438|page 438:Graeco-Buddhist]].

'''bad hats''' 
A bad hat is a slang term for a rascal

==Page 607==

'''Gas Office''' 
As explained in the text, the Scotland Yard bureau that kept gas communications under surveillance.

'''communication by means of coal-gas''' 
Cf Nabokov's "Ada". Also inverse of Tesla's energy-transmitter. A parallel to the Tristero, too. The description of communication by gas seems like a self-parody of ''The Crying of Lot 49.''

'''bombs... Suffragettes''' 
(Did they bomb post offices?!?)post boxes:Suffragettes carried out direct action such as chaining themselves to railings, setting fire to the contents of mailboxes, smashing windows and on occasions setting off bombs. Wikipedia

'''Persian''' 
Majority language in Iran, now called Farsi.

'''Pashto''' 
A language spoken in Afghanistan and nearby.

'''Tadjik''' 
A language spoken in Tadjikistan. "Mountain Tadjik" presumably dominates in the 60% or so of the country that is in high mountains.

'''Seven Dials''' 
In Covent Garden, London - a place where 7 roads meet. An unsavory assignment for a policeman.

==Page 608==

'''"Avoid beans"''' 
Pythagoreans follow a proscription against eating beans.

'''spotted dick''' 
A suet pudding with raisins or currants

'''Yarmouth bloater''' 
A cured herring from the port town of Yarmouth.

'''queering the pitch''' 
[http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/297387.html Disrupting someone's business;] compare [[ATD_748-767#Page_758|"yakitori pitches," p. 758.]]

''''shape'''' 
a doughnut,which comes in various shapes? Including the math-relevant
shape: a torus. But probably just a bit of bun, scone, etc. listed as Vance's breakfast...no doughnut listed.

'Shape' is another word for blancmange, which is made of gelatin, derived probably from the bones of some animal. Aychrome wonders "what's it made of", to which Lew responds "Maybe you don't want to know." [[User:Nehoccramcire|Nehoccramcire]] 09:14, 12 March 2007 (PDT)

'''the Embankment''' 
Victoria Embankment, London, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_yard Scotland Yard] was located there from 1890 to 1967. Scotland Yard was founded on September 29, 1829, on a street off Whitehall; and in 1967 it moved to the present location at 10 Broadway Street, London.

'''blue lamps''' 
Traditionally hung outside police stations in England.

'''lamé surfaces''' 
Lamé (fabric), a fabric inwoven metallic threads 
Lamé, name of the electrically conductive jacket worn by foil and sabre fencers 
Lamé (armor), an unarticulated component of a larger piece of armor 

'''yarmulke... high crown... dented Trilby style''' 
[http://www.wpclipart.com/clothes/hats/index.html Image of a Trilby hat.]

==Page 609==

'''Bukhara''' 
Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 425|page 425:Bukhara]]

'''''Kelly's Suburban Dictionary''''' 
The peerless [http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/10/22/design360.icon.az/index.html ''London A to Z''] did not come along until the 1930s.

'''wenlets''' 
Politician and journalist William Cobbett (1763-1835) called London "the great wen." It was not a compliment, because ''wen'' means a sebaceous cyst. Wenlets are small versions of the "great" wen.

==Page 610==

'''daylight oil''' 
from the streetlamps, lit up for hours?

'''a moon no one could see''' 
Note that the ''Inconvenience'' is repeatedly referred to as a "moon" ([[ATD_119-148#Page_144|p. 144,]] [[ATD_171-198#Page_187|p. 187]]) and is sometimes seen under other guises ([[ATD_199-218#Page_215|p. 215,]] [[ATD_243-272#Page_272|p. 272]]).

'''refused to dim''' 
(Nicely vivid.)

'''Vontz's Universal Pick''' 
Vontz (Yiddish): bedbug.

'''alchemized coke''' 
Gas works that manufacture syngas also produce coke as an end product, called gas house coke.

Fluid coking is a process by which heavy residual crude is converted into lighter products such as naptha, kerosene, heating oil, and hydrocarbon gases. The "fluid" term refers to the fact that coke particles are in a continuous system versus older batch coking technology. Wikipedia

'''Lincrusta-Walton''' 
an embossed fabric used for covering walls, invented in 1877 by Frederick Walton as an alternative to more expensive wallpapers (wikipedia).

'''hipshot''' 
having one hip lower than the other: a Greek statue in hipshot pose.M-W.

'''captive maiden''' 
In ''The Crying of Lot 49'', Oedipa Maas is referred to as a "captive maiden" in the scene where she's standing in front of the Remedios Varo painting. It would certainly be worth while to examine the parallels more closely.

'''scalene polygons''' 
Polygons with sides of unequal length.

'''jet''' 
jet black, a color.

'''Apotheosis Sparkless Torch''' 

==Page 611==

'''magnalium''' 
An alloy of magnesium and aluminum.

'''Lamont Replevin (for it was he)''' 
Formula from penny-dreadful literature: Open the chapter with an unknown character (referred to ahead of time but never yet making an appearance), describe looks and some little action, then spring the name on the reader.

'''''The Slow and the Stupefied''''' 
Daytime soap 'The Young and the Restless'.

'''gas-head''' 
Cf pothead, acidhead, etc.

'''Pike's Peak''' 
Lew's old stompinground.

'''Gus Swallowfield''' 
A curious pseudonym assumed by Lew Basnight while in the presence of Lamont Replevin. As Mr. Swallowfield, Lew professes to be an insurance salesman. The name is very overtly British and is possibly referential to the Swallowfield estate in Berkshire, which itself has a curious history.

'''most theft policies''' 
(Fact?)

'''pantechnicon''' 
A closed van or carryall. (Is TRP trying to put a burr under S. Weisenburger's saddle by bringing this vehicle back? SW's gloss in the ''GR Companion,'' at page 19 of the Viking edition, is famously wrong.) 

Pantechnicon can mean either a furniture warehouse (originally a bazaar) or a removal van. The reference in GR to "the piano in the pantechnicon" is therefore ambiguous. TRP might say that he meant a van, not a bazaar, but that would not mean that SW was wrong. Just that SW and TRP had different readings of the novel. And the author's reading does not necessarily have primacy.

This assertion is generally debateable and in the case of TRP his conscious intentions in his fully thought out novels carries a lot of primacy most of the time, most might argue. This wiki attests to that.

:Lots of people would say the wiki is wrong then. You can discover sources and you may be able to parse processes (rewrites, selection of information), but the author's intentions are not accessible; only the work is. Therefore (and so on and so forth). A philosophical question and probably not wiki-able.

'''legitimate bill of sale''' 
That is, a stolen object with a stolen bill of sale cannot be proved to be stolen; the thief has the receipt.

'''burglary insurance''' 
Although TRP writes that most theft policies were written in the US by the time Lew speaks to Replevin, the first burglary policy was in fact offered by Cuthbert Heath, an Underwriter at Lloyd's, London in about 1889, which would seem to be a few years earlier than the scene. Antony Brown, ''Cuthbert Heath'' ( David & Charles, New Abbot London 1984)at pages 72-76. [[User:TheKenoshaKid|TheKenoshaKid]] 15:52, 9 March 2008 (PDT)

==Page 612==

'''''Pavonazzetto''''' 
brecciated white marble with violet veins from Docimia, Asia Minor.

'''Phrygian marble''' 
Phrygia is an ancient region of west central Asia Minor, to the south of Bithynia. Marble from there was highly valued.

'''Atys... Agdistis''' 
From Greek and Roman mythology. Atys (or Attis) is a young lover of the goddess Cybele (also known as Agdistis in Phrygia). When he wished to marry, Cybele drove him mad and he castrated himself. Catullus wrote a poem on the subject.

'''''The Mutilation of Atys''''' 
No images: [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&lr=&q=%22Mutilation%20of%20Atys&btnG=Search&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wi Google image search]

But under the name Attis, this two-panel sequence: [http://www.aztriad.com/aacarati.html page 1,] [http://www.aztriad.com/aacatals.html page 2,] from "Seladore's Historical Cartoons." And [http://paxnortona.notfrisco2.com/?p=2332 a photo] of what appears to be an old statue of Attis.

'''Arturo Naunt, Chelsea's own, shocking the bourgeoisie since 1889''' 
Phrasing reminiscent of advertising.

'''shocking the bourgeoisie''' 
A popular pastime for young and not-so-young soi-disant radicals ("Epater le bourgeois").

'''koumiss vessel''' 
A container for fermented horse's milk. Perhaps like this one:
[http://studentorgs.utexas.edu/husa/origins/szkitahist/scythianvessel.html]

'''depending on the angle you hold it at, sometimes it doesn't look like anything at all''' 
A concise description of anamorphic and paramorphic images; this one needs the Paramorphoscope to interpret it.

'''wrathful deities from Tantric Buddhism''' 
Tantric Buddhism is also known as Varjayana Buddhism. In Varjayana Buddhism, a dharmapāla (Tibetan drag-gshed) is a type of wrathful deity. The name means "Dharma-defender" in Sanskrit, and the dharmapalas are also known as the Defenders of the Law (Dharma) or the Protectors of the Law in English.
In Buddhist iconography, they are invariably depicted as fearsome beings, often with many heads, hands or feet; blue, black or red skin; and a fierce expression with protruding fangs. Though dharmapalas have a terrifying appearance, they are all bodhisattvas or buddhas- embodiments of compassion that act in a wrathful way for the sake of sentient beings.Wikipedia

==Page 613==

'''tiny German hand camera''' 
Probably a Zeiss Ikon. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeiss Wikipedia Entry]

A Zeiss Ikon would be an anachronism, as this company was created as a merger in 1926.

The description somehow suggests the classic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minox Minox] "spy cameras", but also these were created only in the 1930ies (originally in Latvia, mass production in Germany).

A small German camera matching the time would be [http://www.camerapedia.org/wiki/Gnom Gnom], a version of which was also sold in the UK.

'''raw light''' 
light from a gaslight is not 'artificial' as from electric lights, streetlamps, etc. Cf. Telleruide section.

'''Gasophilia''' 
Love of gas.

'''Schwärmer''' 
The name is a German word meaning visionary, zealot, raver.

'''Waves in a timeless stream of Gas''' 
Replevin equates piped gas to the æther.

'''Sensitive Flame''' 
A burner flame adjusted so that it responds to the tiniest disturbance in the
air. Used by both physicists and spiritualists.

'''cognizant nose...medium for the most exquisite poetry'''

see Proust

'''Chidambaram''' 
A city in south India and Chidambaram is one of the Panchabhoota Sthalams - temples built for the 5 elements said to embody Shiva - at Chidambaram (space), Kalahasti (wind), Thiruvanaikaval (water), Tiruvannamalai (fire) and Kanchipuram (earth).

'''''Akaša''''' 
Akasa is the fifth element,the ether, unseen and invisible but an important element permeating the whole universe. It is also considered
to be indentical with Brahma, the creator..... 
Akasa is 'simple,continuous infinite substance and is the substratum of sound.' Both from Indian Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1999.

Occultist Eliphas Levi associated akasa with what he called the "Astral Light". He writes: "[T]his electromagnetic ether, this vital and luminous caloric (Perhaps this explains Pynchon's insistence on the term "luminiferous aether"?), is represented on ancient monuments by the girdle of Isis which twines round two poles and in ancient theogonies by the serpent devouring its own tail, emblem of prudence and of Saturn" -- emblem of infinity, immortality, and Kronos -- 'Time'". He says it is "a force in Nature," by means of which "a single man who can master it... might throw the world into confusion and transform its face"; for it is the "great Arcanum of transcendent Magic." It is a "blind force... which souls must conquer in order to detach themselves from the chains of Earth; 'for if they should not,' they will be absorbed by the same power which first produced them and will return to the central and eternal fire."

It gets better... He writes: "It is through this Force that all the nervous centres secretly communicate with each other; from it -- that sympathy and antipathy are born; from it -- that we have our dreams; and that the phenomena of second sight and extra-natural visions take place... Astral Light, acting under the impulsion of powerful wills, destroys, coagulates, separates, breaks, gathers in all things... God created it on that day when he said: Fiat Lux..." He refers to akasa/Astral Light variably as "the body of the Holy Ghost", the "grand Agent Magique", "Lucifer" and "Baphomet", the winged-goat figure that served as the inspiration for the Devil Tarot card designed by Colman-Smith. [http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sd/sd1-1-12.htm From Madame Blavatsky's "The Secret Doctrine"][http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sd/sd2-2-06.htm Más]

[http://laluni.helloyou.ws/askbaba/prasnottaravahini/prasnottara01.html This page] also equates akasa with the ether and sez that "each subsequent element originated from the previous one" with akasa being the first, similar to the Kaballic Tree of Life.

'''Atman''' 
''Sanskrit''. In Hinduisim, the innermost essence of each individual. Also, the soul. ''Cf.'' Weed Atman in ''Vineland''.

''''''Chaos'''''' 
allusion is seems to Genesis. "Chaos" is in fact the Greek word [for without form and void], says this site.
"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth
And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
And God said, Let there be light; and there was light.
And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness."
-- Genesis 1: 1-4 (KJV)

'''van Helmont''' 
He claimed to have coined the word "gas" in just the way described here.

'In his "Physica" (1633), the Rosicrucian alchemist Jan Baptist van Helmont, wrote: "Ad huc spiritum incognitum Gas voco," i.e., "This hitherto unknown Spirit I call Gas." Further on in the same work he says, "This vapor which I have called Gas is not far removed from the Chaos the ancients spoke of."' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astral_light#Esoteric_conceptions wiki]

'''stridently unpopulated''' 
Cf p610.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 615-643

2008-10-11T21:48:00Z

WolfgangFaber: 3 typos

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 615==

'''''Kreditbrief''''' 
German: letter of credit.

==Page 616==

'''Auditorienhaus''' 
Building housing auditoriums (and in this case a library).

'''Riemann's ''Habilitationsschrift''''' 
In Germany a new faculty member presents a lecture or, in this case, a thesis on taking up office. 
Riemann's lecture, ''On the Hypotheses that Lie at the Foundation of Geometry'', delivered on June 10, 1854. It became a classic of mathematics.

The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation Habilitation] is actually a formal process for giving a person the right to teach university courses independently (i.e. without a formal assignment) and supervise doctoral candidates. This right is usually referred to as venia docendi or venia legendi in Germany. The process consists of delivering a thesis (Habilitationsschrift) and giving a lecture.

'''the 1859 paper on primes''' 
In August 1859 Riemann presented a paper, ''On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity'', to the Berlin Academy of Science. In the middle of that paper he made what later was called the ''Riemann Hypothesis'' (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:conjecture]]). Today, after nearly 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, it remains unproved.

'''''Achphänomen''''' 
German: the "aha" phenomenon.

'''''Tchetvyortoye Izmereniye''''' 
Today more likely transliterated ''Chetvertoe izmerenie.'' Russian: (the) fourth dimension.

'''''"Yob tvoyu mat'"''''' 
Russian: Fuck your mother. It's as impolite as it looks, but used way more often than in English.

'''Otzovists''' 
A splinter Bolshevik faction. The name comes from the noun ''otzyv'' meaning "recall"; it does not mean "god-builders." The group (existing under this name only in 1908-9) demanded the recall of Social Democrats from the national legislature.

'''Lenin''' 
[http://www.bartleby.com/65/le/Lenin-Vl.html Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov aka Lenin] (1870-1924), Russian revolutionary and founder of Bolshevism and the major force behind the October Revolution, 1917. He studied law at Kazan University but only practiced law for a couple of years before becoming a professional revolutionary. He was arrested in 1895 for his opinions and activities, and was exiled to Siberia in 1897 for three years. At the end of his exile he went to Switzerland in 1900 and became the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1903, and returned to Russia in 1905 during the 1905 Revolution. He left Russia in 1907 and only returned in April, 1917 with Germany's connivance. Lenin inaugurated the ''dictatorship of the proletariat'' after the October Revolution. He died on January 21, 1924 and became the demi-god of the Soviet Union. According to ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'' (1988) Lenin was "shrewd, dynamic, im[placable, pedantic, opportunist, as ice-cold in his economic reasoning as in his impersonal political hatreds that could encompass millions. . . . He inspired in the name of democracy a despotism boundless in the power of its ambition and sense of destiny.''

'''Bolshevists''' 
Commonly called ''Bolsheviks''. At the Second Congress of the Russia's Social Democratic Labor Party in August, 1903 there was a dispute between Lenin and Martov, two of the party's leaders. Lenin argued for a small party of highly disciplined, centralized and dedicated professional revolutionary elites with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters. Martov disagreed believing it was better to have a mass party of activists. At the end of the debate Lenin won a narrow victory: 28 to 23 (the only time in the party history up to then Lenin had a majority behind him). From then on, the Party was split into Lenin's faction called themselves ''Bolsheviks'' (majority) and Martov's faction known as ''Mensheviks'' (minority). The split became permanent as both groups' policy and practice diverged more and more. In 1912, Lenin's Bolsheviks faction formed a separate Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) which in 1918, after they came to power, changed its name to All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). It finally became Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1952 which was dissolved in 1991.

'''anti-Materialist''' 
Marxism belongs to the materialist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism] strain of the Western philosophical tradition, stating that the only objective reality is matter. The orthodox Marxist doctrine is divided into historical materialism (which claims that changes of society and even the non-material "superstructure" are determined by economical processes, and thus materially caused); and dialectical materialism, proposed by Engels and then Lenin, which is basically a philosophy of nature combined with a rather crude gnoseology. The latter maintains that matter is the only substance and it is inherently and objectively dialectical in nature, i.e. it is in constant development due to the interactions of conflicting forces on all levels. An anti-Materialist (like Mach, who was denounced as a "subjective Idealist") is one who is against such belief.

'''Mach''' 
Austrian physicist and philosopher. A strong critic of Newtonian absolute time and absolute space. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:Ernst Mach]] (1838-1916). He was the target of Lenin's attack in his best-known attempt to create a Marxist philosophy (in the technical sense), ''Materialism and Empiriocriticism''.

'''Ouspensky''' 
Russian mystic and author of ''The Fourth Dimension''. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 602|page 602:Young Ouspensky]] (1878-1947).

==Page 617==

'''above this galley-slave repetition of days''' 
ATD motif i.e. rebel against the quotidian day.

'''the already seen''' 
. . . which we know better under the French term ''déjà vu.''

'''Staring at the wallpaper.''' 
A parallel to Kovalevskaya, whose father used Ostrogradsky notes to cover
the walls. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaia wiki].

'''''i, j,'' and ''k'', the unit vectors''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526:Gibbsian Vectors]].

==Page 618==

'''''Schnitte''''' 
Plural of ''Schnitt.'' German: cuts.

'''multiply-connected spaces''' 
In topology, geometrical objects or spaces are connected but not simply connected are called multiply-connected spaces. In mathematics, a geometrical object or space is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply-connected simply connected] if it consists of one piece and doesn't have any "holes" that pass all the way through it. For example, neither a doughout nor a coffee cup with handle is simply connected, and so both are [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MultiplyConnected.html multiply connected]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply_connected Also see Wikipedia] for a fine, relatively nontechnical explanation. Sea-ice and Venice were described as multiply connected spaces on [[ATD_119-148#Page_136|p. 136.]]

''''vector space'''' 
In mathematics, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space vector space] is a collection of objects, vectors, that may be scaled and added.

'''space of higher dimensionality''' 
Hypersphere. A four-dimensional hypersphere is currently considered the possible shape of our universe. (A 4-D hypersphere is to a 3-D sphere, what a 3-D sphere is to a circle.) In mathematics, [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hypersphere.html Hypersphere] can be n-dimensional with n = 4 and greater. Also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersphere Hypersphere of Wiki Entry].

'''''nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing, "it doesn't matter".

'''if it doesn't work with gold, the next step will be lead''' 
Cowboy alchemy. If you can't settle your dispute with money, you will have to shoot it out. There's a reference to this process on page 105.

'''it's this damned English practice of talking in code''' 
Refers to commonly noted English cultural tendency to avoid direct expression in conversation.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
The Britain and Russia settled a number of differences in Asia. And with both countries concerned about Germany but friendly with France they concluded the Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg. It defined their respective spheres of interest in Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet, with Russia taking the northern areas of Persia and Britain taking the Persian Gulf area in the south. Its primary aim was to keep Germany out of that region.

==Page 619==

'''''Bierstube''''' 
German: tavern, beer hall.

==Page 620==

'''''akousmaton''''' 
In ''AtD'' the plural ''akousmata'' occurs more often. [[A|Look it up in the alphabetical "A" page.]]

'''eidolon''' 
From Greek: image, picture.

'''minié ball''' 
Rifle bullet with a conical head used in muzzle-loading firearms. [[ATD_97-118#Page_101|See the fuller annotation on p. 101.]]

'''Zirconium''' 
A steel-gray hard ductile metallic element with a high melting point that occurs widely in combined form, is highly resistant to corrosion, and is used especially in alloys and in refractories and ceramics. 
Zirconium is often confused with ''zircon'' and even more often with ''zirconia.'' Zircon is a gemstone consisting chiefly of zirconium silicate. Zirconia is the oxide of zirconium. "Cubic zirconia" became a popular surrogate gem a couple of decades ago.

'''galena''' 
a bluish-gray cubic mineral with metallic luster consisting of lead sulfide and constituting the principal ore of lead.

==Page 621==

'''Reckon ''yo tengo que'' get ''el'' fuck out of ''aquí''''' 
Macaronic Spanish/English: Reckon I'd better get the fuck out of here. 
Kit said the same thing when he decided to leave Yale (page 318).

'''''Zum Mickifest! Komm, komm!''''' 
German: To the Mickey party, come, come! "Mickey Finn" = knockout drops such as chloral hydrate (see any film noir).

'''''K.O.-Tropfen''''' 
German: K.O. (= knockout) drops.

==Page 622==

'''Group-theoretical implications''' 
Introductions to group theory often use "symmetry under rotation" as an illustration. You can rotate a square 90 degrees and get the same square, and likewise 180 and 270 degrees, so the square has fourfold symmetry. Here Gottlob applies a similar concept to the printed words ''pun'' and ''und,'' which alternate with every 180 degree rotation.

'''rhonchus''' 
a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partly obstructed.

'''''Gottlob! Wo ist deine Spritze?''''' 
German: Gottlob, where is your syringe?

'''''"Streng reserviert für den Elefanten!"''''' 
German: Strictly reserved for the elephant (not elephants).

==Page 623==

'''strychnine''' 
a bitter poisonous alkaloid that is obtained from ''nux vomica'' and related plants, and is used as a poison (as for rodents) and medicinally as a stimulant of the central nervous system.

'''Noncommutative . . . Asymmetric''' 
A relation like "cures" is ''commutative'' if "A cures B" implies that "B cures A" and vice versa. Here the situation is fuzzier because a total cure is not at issue: "Chloral alleviates the effects of strychnine" and "Strychnine alleviates the effects of chloral" are both true, so ''noncommutative'' doesn't quite apply, but one is more true than the other, so ''asymmetric'' is a better choice of word.

'''''Verfluchte cowboy!''''' 
German: Damn cowboy! (should be ''Verfluchter Cowboy'')

'''''Achtung, Schwester!''''' 
German: Hey, Nurse!

'''''Klapsmühle''''' 
German: nut factory. (''Er hat einen Klaps'' means "He's nutty"; ''Mühle'' is a mill.)

'''one of his canonical outfits''' 
"Canonicals" is a term for priestly vestments. 
But also, in the psychology of perception, means 'typical' or 'most easily recognised as'

'''Dr. Willi Dingkopf''' 
German: Thinghead. Possibly, given other meanings of "thing", Dickhead.

==Page 624==

'''''Hebraic''''' 
Jewish.

'''you are not ''also Hebraic''''' 
Anti-Semitic Dingkopf considered Kit Jewish by his name ''Traverse''.

'''Jew Cantor, the ''Beast of Halle'', . . . to demolish the very foundations of mathematics''' 
Greg Cantor (1845-1918) taught mathematics at University of Halle from 1869-1918. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 593|page 593:Greg Cantor]]). He introduced the concepts of infinity and continuum into mathematics and thus brought about one of mathematical crises mentioned on page 594. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]]). 
Dingkopf regarded Greg Cantor Jewish by his name ''Cantor''.

==Page 625==

'''"Cantor is a practicing Lutheran." "With a name like that? Please." 
Dingkopf hears the name and obsessively thinks of the many Polish Jewish families that bear it. But the connection is not as strong as he surmises: The church of St. Thomas (Thomaskirche) in Leipzig had a staff member called Cantor or Kantor, and noted practicing Lutheran Johann Sebastian Bach held the position in his prime years. Cantor/Lutheran is not an absurdity.

''Cantor'' just means ''singer'' in Latin, and it has been used for persons who have a singing part in both Jewish and Christian (and possibly other) rites.

'''"Dr Hilbert . . ." "Dr. . . . ''David'' Hilbert"''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page324:David Hilbet]] (1862-1943), a German mathematician. Again, Dingkopf regarded him as Jewish because of his name, ''David''.

'''''Kolonie''''' 
German: colony, compound.

'''Invisibilism''' 
The principles of this (apparently) fictional school of design bring to mind Buckminster Fuller's concept of '''ephemeralization''', which notes that as design and technology improve -- "the more ''rationally'' a structure was designed" -- the more that can be done with less, process waste converges toward zero and things become physically smaller, "less visible...to the point" -- the "Penultimate Term" -- of being all but invisible. A simple example, the telephone cord is quickly disappearing as we go to cordless phones, and transistors "grow" smaller and smaller as a corollary to Moore's law. The principle of ephemeralization can be applied to design, construction, transportation, computer and other technologies and tools.

'''into its own metastructure''' 
A German SAP engineer once explained "we control complexity through abstraction."

'''one is left with only traces in the world, a few tangles of barbed wire''' 
The Invisibilist principles are paramorphosized into a future of kolonies where only the barbed wire outlines are visible. Within the context of antisemitism in the preceding paragraphs, the text is moving from kolonies to concentration camps, concentration camps empty perhaps except for the traces of consciousness remaining, outlined in barbed wire, the plan-view of, not the Penultimate Term, but the Final Solution.

'''certain odors''' 
cf. p. 408
This has less to do with Proust and involutary memory than with "perhaps certain ''odors''[Italicized in the original] steming from a few tangles of barbed wire upwind, a wind "which itself possesses now the same index of refracton as the departed Structure..." As is explained to Kit by someone in a guard's uniform who may not actually be a guard. That certain odor seems to be the odor of smoke from the ovens.

'''refraction index''' 
Among other things a refraction index can be used to measure concentration (camps) and confirm purity (ethnic).

'''someone . . . whom Kit . . . assumed was a guard''' 
Error in grammar by Pynchon or, more charitably, introduced by a copy editor. Punctuating as ''someone who/whom (Kit assumed) was a guard'' makes the choice of pronoun clearer. Alternatively: did Kit assume someone? No, he assumed a proposition about someone: ''someone was a guard.'' When the subject of that is transformed to "who/whom" for the purpose of linking it into the sentence, it remains the subject: ''who was a guard.'' 
A quibble over a fine point? Yes, but Pynchon is renowned for his fine points, and this mistake seems to put him on a level with a news intern at a third-tier TV station. So let's consider this a teaching moment: ''Copy editors, don't impose your ignorance on good writers.''

'''''So Gut Wie Neu''''' 
German: as good as new.

'''Dirigible Field''' 
The inmates' occupational therapy is a disguise for constructing this landing facility.

'''a real Dirigible''' 
The inmates have established a cargo cult [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult Wikipedia article] or a [http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/ufos.html UFO cult.]

'''Doofland''' 
German ''doof'' means comically stupid (possibly an origin of English "doofus").

'''O Tempora, O Mores''' 
Latin: Oh, the times! Oh, the customs! (Was there really music under this title?)

Famous sentence by Cicero in his First Oration against Catiline, which means Oh the times! Oh the morals! In his opening speech against Catiline, who had previously tried to kill him, Cicero deplores the viciousness and corruption of his age. This sentence is now used as an exclamation to criticize present-day attitudes and trends, often jokingly. So, it is, indeed, an "old favorite"

'''The Black Whale of Askalon''' 
"Im Schwarzen Walfisch zu Askalon," comic song. The "Black Whale" is a tavern in the ancient Persian town of Askalon. [http://www.grainger.de/music/songs/schwarzenwalfisch.html A paraphrase of the lyrics.]

==Page 626==

'''the head of Jochanaan''' 
In Strauss' opera ''Salome'' the title character asks for and receives as tribute John the Baptist's head on a platter. John in the opera is called Jochanaan.

'''Richard Strauss's opera ''Salome'' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Richard Struass]]'s one-act opera ''Salome'' was performed first time in Dresden, Germany, on December 9, 1905. It was a sensation of the year 1905. The opera was based on the French play ''Salomé'' by Oscar Wilde. The time of action: about 30 A.D.; place of action: Jerusalem . . . for the story see [http://www.music.lv/opera/Salome/default_E.htm Salome].

'''the Five Jews''' 
In the middle of the opera ''Salome'' five Jews argued concerning the nature of God.

'''''Judeamus igitur, Judenes dum su-hu-mus''''' 
German university students used to sing ''Gaudeamus igitur, juvenes dum sumus'' ("Then let us be joyful while we are young men"); the melody forms the climax of Brahms' "Academic Festival" overture. Dr. Dingkopf, the Johnny One-Note of anti-Semitism, sings in bastard Latin, "Then let us Jew while we are Jews."

'''Ich Bin Ein Berliner''' 
JFK said "Ich bin ein Berliner" at the Berlin wall in 1963. According to Wikipedia, there is an urban legend: 
<blockquote>Kennedy should have said "Ich bin Berliner" to mean "I am a person from Berlin." By adding the indefinite article ein, his statement implied he was a non-human Berliner, thus "I am a jelly doughnut". The statement was followed by uproarious laughter.</blockquote> 
However, Wikipedia goes on to state: <blockquote>There is no grammatical error in Kennedy's statement; the indefinite article does not change its meaning. In German, the statement of origin "Ich bin ein Brandenburger" (I am a Brandenburger) is more common than "Ich bin Brandenburger" (I am Brandenburger), but both are correct. The article "ein" can be used as a form of emphasis: it implies "just one of many." As Kennedy did stress the "ein", the usage was, according to German linguist Jürgen Eichhoff [1], "not only correct, but the one and only correct way of expressing in German what the President intended to say."</blockquote> 
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:51, 19 December 2006 (PST)

And Kennedy's motto drew tumultuous cheers, not laughter; the Berliners had no trouble understanding what he meant.

Maybe a Simpsons connection as well:[http://www.anvari.org/fortune/Simpsons_Subtle_Allusions/9.html]

'''''Konditerei''''' 
German: pastry shop.

'''''Puderzucker''''' 
German: powdered sugar.

==Page 628==

'''Halfcourt? what kind of a name is that?''' 
This is Dingkopf speaking, in the context of his obsession with Jewish infiltration of British society. "What kind of a name is that?" has the subtext "Is that a ''Jewish'' name?"

'''''Der Wall''''' 
In German there are at least three words for "wall": ''Wand'' (the wall of a room), ''Mauer'' (a masonry wall) and ''Wall'' (a wall of a fortification). The infamous Berlin Wall was ''die Mauer.''

In this case 'der Wall' means the rampart on which the town wall stood. After this was razed in the 18. century a path was made on top of 'der Wall' along which Yashmeen and Kit take their walk.

'''dotted quarter rest''' 
Musical notation: brief pause.

==Page 629==

'''Hainberg''' 
Likely to be the Hainberg-Gymnasium at Göttingen http://hainberg-gymnasium.de/

'''Rheinpfalz''' 
A wine from the Rhine-Palatinate region in western Germany.

'''Deidesheimer...Herrgottsacker...Hofstück''' 
Three different wines.

'''do a bunk''' 
Flee.

==Page 630==

'''a Theosophist''' 
an adherent of theosophy professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation.

'''Sidney Reilly''' 
Sidney Reilly, aka The Ace of Spies--a real early 20th century British--and other--intelligence agent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Reilly].

'''hoosier''' 
Bumpkin; capitalized, it has a different meaning.

'''stans''' 
Countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkestan, etc.). Possible anachronism; term gained currency after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

No anachronism - in many central-asian languages (Pashtu, Dari, Farsi, etc.) '-stan' means 'land of', i.e. Afghanistan = Land of the Afghans, Nuristan = Land of Light, Frankistan = France, Germanistan = Germany, etc.

'''One Savile Row''' 
Seat of the Royal Geographical Society.

'''Kashgar''' 
Now called Kashi, a city in the extreme west of China; at the western end of the Taklimakan desert; a principal town of Chinese Turkestan. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar Kāshi (Kashgar)].

'''Auberon Halfcourt''' 
The name Auberon is derived from Oberon and related to Alberich, the dwarf in Wagner's ''Ring'' cycle. Half-court describes a reduced form of basketball. Another possible allusion (bit of a stretch, perhaps?) is to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberon_Herbert Auberon Herbert,] a British libertarian whom Benjamin Tucker described as "a true anarchist in everything but name."

==Page 631==

'''the recent Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 618|page 618:Anglio-Russian Entente]] of 1907 in which the spheres of influence in inner Asia were divided between Britain and Russia in order to keep Germany out of that region.

'''Baku and Johannesburg''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Johannesburg; Baku]].

'''One vision . . . spiritual, and the other, capitalist.''' 
Competing visions as to the significance of what lies buried beneath the sands in Central Asia. We have already seen a map that reflects [[ATD 243-272#Page 249|dual visions]] of the area. The Great Game competition shaping up in Asia is a continuation of a global 'metaphysical' conflict between materialist and integrationist tendencies.

'''lie doggo''' 
Go underground, maintain a low profile.

==Page 632==

'''Museum der Monstrositäten''' 
German: museum of monstrosities. ''Mathematical'' monstrosities.

'''motor diligence''' 
Motor taxi, as opposed to horse-drawn.

'''the Brocken''' 
The highest peak (3,750 ft) in the Harz Mountains in Germany. It is about 35 miles northeast of Göttingen. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brocken The Brocken]). 

Appears in ''GR'' where Slothrop and neophyte witch Geli Tripping encounter the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_329-336 Brockengespenst] p. 330. and ....

'''"An older Germany .... Deeper"''' 
Meaning pre-Christian Germany, as referenced earlier in the passage with the description 'witchlike'.

'''weapons somehow ''not yet decipherable''''' 
Rayguns.

==Page 633==

'''Knipfel...von Imbiss''' 
Neither one existed. Imbiss is German: snacks, fast food. *** I have a differing opinion: Knipfel is Jim Knipfel. Thomas Pynchon has read Knipfel's memoirs, enjoyed them, and blurbed them.

'''''Weierstrass Functions''''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable]].

'''''Russell's Letter''''' 
Russell's letter of June 16, 1902. (see below "Poor Frege . . .").

'''''the Set of All Sets That Are Not Members of Themselves''''' 
Russell Paradox. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 538|page 538:Bertie Russell]].

'''''parallax effect''''' 
the apparent shift of an object against a background due to a change in observer's position.

'''Poor Frege . . . about to publish his book . . .''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Frege.html Gottlob Frege] (1848-1925) was a German mathematician. He was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic putting forward the view that mathematics is reducible to logic. 
In 1893 Frege published his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 1'' in which he axiomatized arithmetic with an intuitive collection of axioms. While his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 2'' was at the printer, Frege received a letter (June 16, 1902) from Bertrand Russell in which Russell pointed out that the ''Russell Paradox'' gave a contradiction in Frege's system of axioms.

'''''Kot!''''' 
German: shit.

'''Crotona in Magna Grecia''' 
Crotona is the old Latin name of the Italian city [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotone Crotone] in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto. Ancient Crotona was long one of the most flourishing cities of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Graecia Magna Grecia] (Latin for ''Greater Greece''), the area in Southern Italy colonised by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC. Pythagoras went to Crotona at the age of 40 and most of his philosophical activities occurred there.

'''Hilbeert . . . August . . . in 1900 . . . International Congress . . . "Paris Problems" 
Paris Problems = Hilbert's Problems. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 604|page 604:the outstanding problems in mathematics]].

'''''zone of dual nature''''' 
One place that is two places: this peculiar Pynchonian form of bilocation again.

'''part "real"...part "pictorial" or let us say "fictional"''' 
Complex numbers are made up of a real number and an imaginary number (e.g "one plus the square root of negative one"), as AtD is made up of real and imaginary (fictional) parts, the effect of which (continuing into P.635) is described as "taking one beyond four dimensional environs...out into a timeless region..." This seems to be the goal of the protagonists, the author, and the reader.

==Page 634==

'''''Mengenlehre''''' 
German: set theory.

'''one is thrust . . . into a timeless region''' 
Like one of those funhouse rooms where gravity is reversed.

'''ZU DEN QUATERNIONEN''' 
German railway stations all have a big sign: ZU DEN ZÜGEN, to the trains. Here it's to the quaternions.

Not sure about the train connection, it reminded me rather of signs found in zoos or circus sideshows pointing to the major attractions (e.g. "Zu den Löwen" - "[This way] To the lions"). [[User:WolfgangFaber|WolfgangFaber]] 14:35, 11 October 2008 (PDT)

'''Nernst light''' 
Light from [[ATD_429-459#Page 437|page 437:Nernst Lamp]].

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 561|page 561:Brougham Bridge]].

'''complex knife''' 
"part real and part imaginary", and there is a "real" reproduction nearby. These are ''aides memoires'', inspirations--perhaps the dimensions beyond are literally located in imagination, mental spaces.

'''Sofia Kovalevskaia and . . . Weierstrass''' 
From 1870 Weierstrass was Kovalevskaia's mathematics tutor in Berlin. He gave Kovalevskaia private lessons twice a week for four years. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia]]. 
Here, as on page 500, there is a hint of romantic involvement between the teacher and the student.

'''Lebesgue''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lebesgue.html Henri Lebesgue] (1875-1941) was a French mathematician. He formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and the following year he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral.

'''"surface devoid of tangent planes"''' 
In other words, discontinuous functions. 
Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions based largely on the Riemann method of integration. However, in 1902, Lebesgue extended the concept of the area below a curve to include many ''discontinuous functions'' and thus generalised the notion of the Riemann integral and revolutionised th eintegral calculus.

'''. . . everywhere continuous and nowhere differentiable''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiabl, Weierstrass function]] and [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crsis in mathematics]].

==Page 635==

'''The Kaiser now seeks in Mexico . . . opportunities for mischief toward the U.S.''' 
Now and for years to come: America's entry into World War One was spurred in part by the Kaiser's offer to return part of the Southwest to Mexico.

'''''Rosinenkacker''''' 
German: one who shits raisins. More commonly "Korinthenkacker", insulting term for a very pedantic person.

'''a world line...never travel''' 
A world line is a tensor, a four-dimensional vector through space ''and'' time, therefore a history. Here Gunther is describing the closing off of his future possibilities. In quantum theory observation causes possible states to 'collapse' into one measured state; hence, the past observed from the present is deterministic (it has only one possible state), but the present observed from the past has many possible states until our actions cause it to collapse into one state. Our actions will then be seen to have been inevitable, a world line [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel]. Hence: "Ach, das Schiksal".

'''''Ach, das Schicksal''''' 
German: ah, fate.

'''chloral to coffee''' 
A depressant to a stimulant, antipodal (opposite) effects on neuronal function. 

'''that terrible ecstasy known to result from unmediated observation of the beautiful''' 
Cf. Rilke, First Duino Elegy:
"For beauty is nothing but
the beginning of terror, that we are still able to bear,
and we revere it so, because it calmly disdains
to destroy us. Every Angel is terror." 
Rilke features strongly in V and GR (with Weissmann/Blicero). The idea that 'the sublime' involves an element of terror is fundamental to Romanticism.

May also be an allusion to what is known as "Stendhal Syndrome" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal_syndrome], a psychosomatic illness that causes rapid heartbeat, dizziness, confusion and even hallucinations when an individual is exposed to art, usually when the art is particularly 'beautiful' or a large amount of art is in a single place. The term can also be used to describe a similar reaction to a surfeit of choice in other circumstances, e.g. when confronted with immense beauty in the natural world. It is said that a lot of tourists who visit Florence and Venice experience it.

==Page 636==

'''Children''' 
The preceding sections are a concise, riotous, poignant summary of life at an institute of higher learning; students and to some extent faculty are, notoriously, children at play. Yashmeen, Kit and Gunther are graduating, without diplomas but going out of the hothouse atmosphere of the University into the "real world". But given the preceding 5 pages, how real is that? 
But this is not so much about the University as about 'the Museum' on the Brocken, and the issue is really who is speaking. Who would feel qualified to call them 'children'? They're in a 'strange, underground temple' and the Brocken is an ancient, magical place. Associated especially with witches and 'the Spectre of the Brocken', an aerial phenomenon that resembles a human figure (actually the shadow of the viewer on the mist).

'''The next time you visit...''' 
The University never looks the same after graduation; also, nothing ever does: Heraclitus' dictum that no man ever steps in the same river twice. Time (''pace'' Proust) cannot be reclaimed (even if you can find the tesseract's entrance again)because even if you go back in time, you are not the same person you were; you have been changed by experience. 
Again, it's 'the Museum' that's closing. This isn't the Museum of Professor Klein at the University, mentioned on p. 632, it's a 'nocturnal equivalent' out on the Brocken.

'''"You know who I am."''' 
Cf. Leonard Cohen:
"You know who I am, you've stared at the sun.
I am the one who loves changing from nothing to one."
Some sort of god of mathematics, the curator of the museum?
The Spectre of the Brocken (seen by Slothrop and Geli in GR)? Rilke's angel, the terrible ecstasy referred to on p. 635? All three? 
Another possibility: the author. After all, the characters are his 'children', his creations. And in a fiction, the author is God. The Museum that he's closing isn't only a museum of mathematics, it's a musuem of ''narratives'' about mathematics.

==Page 637==

'''caldo tlapeno''' 
Mexican chicken vegetable soup.

'''Tampico''' 
Tampico means "the place of the otters". As a city, it is Mexico's second most important commercial port along the Gulf of Mexico, is located on the southeastern tip of Tamaulipas. The State of Tamaulipas is on the northeast side of Mexico directly south of Texas; but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampico Tampico] is about 300 miles from the US border.

'''Chiapas''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas Chiapas] is a poor and largely agricultural stat in the southeast of Mexico. It is best known for its 1994 Zapatista movement.

'''"El Atildado"''' 
Spanish: the neat man. But it also suggests "the man marked with a tilde" (see page 600). When reading this passage aloud, think about how to stress the word "also" in "a gift Günther von Quassel had ''also'' been blessed with."

(In mathematical notation, the tilde "~" means "approximately" or "is proportional to," depending on country.)

==Page 638==

'''''Bohnen''''' 
German: beans

'''Maragogype''' 
As Gunther says, a variety of coffee bean, large in size, grown in Mexico and Central America [http://coffeeplus.com.au/coffees/7443.html].

'''Arbuckles''' 
Not only a brand of coffee, but a method of preparation also known as "Cowboy Coffee" similar to Turkish/Greek coffee in one boils the grounds in the water [http://www.ineedcoffee.com/02/04/cowboycoffee/]. Synonymous here with "plain old, unfancified coffee"--perhaps a swipe at 21st century coffee gourmets and at Starbucks. Another paramorphic-mirror image of the early 21st century in the early 20th. 
Cowhands expected their coffee to be ‘brown gargle”, hot, black, strong and thick enough to float a six shooter in. 
It's really, really hard to equate cowboy coffee to Greek coffee. Greek (Turkish, Serbian) coffee is made from beans ground to powder and boiled for a few seconds, usually in sugar syrup. Grounds in the cup are a virtue. Cowboy coffee starts as coarse grounds, which are boiled for several minutes (or, heaven help us, longer) and often "refined" with eggshells, which cause the grounds to settle out.

'''''cafetalero''''' 
Perhaps as in ''pistolero''; i.e. a barrista.

more likely translates as "coffee man"

'''''el otro lado''''' 
Spanish: the other side (in one sense or other).

'''bucket shop''' 
A stock swindle, in which one set of trades is reported to the customer, while the brokerage is really using the money in other, usually riskier trades ("bucketing"). A place where the public could bet on the daily motions of stock prices before 1929 and before the advent of instant stock quotes via the Internet.

Given the year, this may be related to the Panic of 1907. Steve/Ramon bought stocks on margin and when they went south he was slammed.

'''flimming''' 
Probably = indulging in flimflam (fraud, swindles)

'''''norte''''' 
north wind.

'''Plaza de Toros''' 
A bullring.

'''[S]louching away into the yellow opacity, he invited them all up to a wingding [...] that evening.''' 
Compare with T.S. Eliot's ''Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'':

<blockquote>
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes 
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening</blockquote>
[[User:Bean|remy]] 09:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

==Page 639==

'''Rio Bravo''' 
Mexican name for the river known in the US as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande Rio Grande].

'''Ramos gin fizzes''' 
The original [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/ramos-gin-fizz.html Ramos gin fizz] was invented in the 1880s by Henry C. Ramos, in his bar at Meyer's Restaurant, this is one of New Orleans' most famous drinks.

'''jungles of Tehuantepec''' 
Jungles of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec The Isthmus of Tehuantepec] in Mexico. The isthmus represents the shortest distance between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

'''unnatural boom''' 
Another paramorphic mirroring of the 21st/20th centuries; tech stock boom/bust of ~2000.

'''Baku''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Baku]].

'''skeeters''' 
mosquitoes

'''adios ''chingamadre''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, motherfucker.

==Page 640==

'''Valkyrie''' 
In Norse mythology the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie Valkyries] are minor female deities.

'''Mondragón semiautomatics''' 
A self-loading rifle designed and patented by Mexican General Mondragón in 1896 — so it was only 10 years ago. It's magazine capacity was of 8-round or 10-round box, or later 30-round drum (for German service). For a picture of the refined 1908 model and its 1907 patent see [http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl26-e.htm Mondgragón M1908 rifle].

'''Springfield''' 
An American magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle Springfield].

'''Schnecken rigs''' 
A possible anachronism, but it is hard to be sure. The German word ''Schnecken'' in the small-arms context (''Schneckenmagazin'') refers to what's called a "cylindrical magazine" in English. The best-known weapon using this magazine is the Russian PP-19 Bison submachine gun, but the Bison is based in part on Kalashnikov technology and hence could not have been developed until after World War II. [http://88.198.24.206/invisionboard/lofiversion/index.php/t20170.html The definitive online information] on the Bison not only identifies it as using the ''Schneckenmagazin'' but also contains excellent cutaway drawings of the "helical feed" system; use your browser's search function to find the word Bison. [http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg08-e.htm This page] has a photo and specs in English. The Schnecken rig is definitely ''not'' the drum magazine used with the American Thompson submachine gun in the 1920s.

'''anti-Porfiristas''' 
Opponents of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, hence left wing. Eventually, ten years later, to become the Mexican Revolution led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

'''the Pánuco''' 
''Río Pánuco'', a river in Veracruz state, east-central Mexico. It is formed by the junction of the Moctezuma and Tamuín rivers on the San Luis Potosí-Veracruz state line, the Pánuco meanders generally east-northeastward past the town of Pánuco to the Gulf of Mexico about 6 miles below Tampico.

==Page 641==

'''Mondragóns will get you through''' 
Echoes the wonderful 1970s slogan "Dope will get you through times of no money better than money will get you through times of no dope."

'''hidalgo''' 
Coin with a portrait of Miguel Hidalgo (1753 – 1811), hero of the Mexican war of independence against Spain.

'''''este . . . perdón''''' 
this . . . sorry

==Page 642==

'''La Fotinga Huasteca''' 
''Fotinga'' is Spanish: jalopy. ''Huasteca'' is a region of the Sierra Madre Oriental north of San Luis Potosí. A local equivalent to "Tijuana Taxi"?

'''''batería''''' 
Spanish: battery (collection of percussion instruments).

'''[T]hat dirty li'l back-shootin Bob Ford.''' 
Ford shot notorious outlaw Jesse James in the back on April 3, 1882; Ford himself was shotgunned to death in 1892. The event inspired one Billy Gashade to pen the verse that became the popular folk ballad "Jesse James," recorded by Pete Seeger, Bruce Springsteen, and many others. 
[[User:bnilsson|bnilsson]] 01:41, 2 January 2007 (EDT)

'''''resentimientos''''' 
resentments.

'''eight seconds . . . rodeo''' 
A bull rider must stay aboard for eight seconds to score.

'''cerverzas Bohemias''' 
Bohemias (brand) beers, a Mexican beer.

'''Cuervo Extra''' 
a kind of tequila ?

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Cuervo José Cuervo] is a well-known brand of tequila; the wikipedia does not mention ''Extra'' but ''Especial''.

==Page 643==

'''''frontera''''' 
Spanish: frontier.

'''drygulched''' 
Ambushed, betrayed.

'''Krag-Jorgensens''' 
Repeating-bolt-action rifles designed by the Norwegians Ole Krag and Erik Jorgensen in late 19th century (1886). From 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krag-J%C3%B8rgensen Krag-Jorgensens] were used by the United States army as standard arms. And now it is a popular collector item.

'''Juárez''' 
''Ciudad Juárez'', or simply ''Juárez'', is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It stands on the Rio Grande across the border from El Paso, Texas. [http://www.juarez-mexico.com/ Juárez] is the major port of entry and transportation center of north central Mexico.

'''''Vaya con Dios, pendejo''''' 
Spanish: Go with God, asshole.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 615-643

2008-10-11T21:42:41Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 643 */ typo

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 615==

'''''Kreditbrief''''' 
German: letter of credit.

==Page 616==

'''Auditorienhaus''' 
Building housing auditoriums (and in this case a library).

'''Riemann's ''Habilitationsschrift''''' 
In Germany a new faculty member presents a lecture or, in this case, a thesis on taking up office. 
Riemann's lecture, ''On the Hypotheses that Lie at the Foundation of Geometry'', delivered on June 10, 1854. It became a classic of mathematics.

The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation Habilitation] is actually a formal process for giving a person the right to teach university courses independently (i.e. without a formal assignment) and supervise doctoral candidates. This right is usually referred to as venia docendi or venia legendi in Germany. The process consists of delivering a thesis (Habilitationsschrift) and giving a lecture.

'''the 1859 paper on primes''' 
In August 1859 Riemann presented a paper, ''On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity'', to the Berlin Academy of Science. In the middle of that paper he made what later was called the ''Riemann Hypothesis'' (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:conjecture]]). Today, after nearly 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, it remains unproved.

'''''Achphänomen''''' 
German: the "aha" phenomenon.

'''''Tchetvyortoye Izmereniye''''' 
Today more likely transliterated ''Chetvertoe izmerenie.'' Russian: (the) fourth dimension.

'''''"Yob tvoyu mat'"''''' 
Russian: Fuck your mother. It's as impolite as it looks, but used way more often than in English.

'''Otzovists''' 
A splinter Bolshevik faction. The name comes from the noun ''otzyv'' meaning "recall"; it does not mean "god-builders." The group (existing under this name only in 1908-9) demanded the recall of Social Democrats from the national legislature.

'''Lenin''' 
[http://www.bartleby.com/65/le/Lenin-Vl.html Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov aka Lenin] (1870-1924), Russian revolutionary and founder of Bolshevism and the major force behind the October Revolution, 1917. He studied law at Kazan University but only practiced law for a couple of years before becoming a professional revolutionary. He was arrested in 1895 for his opinions and activities, and was exiled to Siberia in 1897 for three years. At the end of his exile he went to Switzerland in 1900 and became the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1903, and returned to Russia in 1905 during the 1905 Revolution. He left Russia in 1907 and only returned in April, 1917 with Germany's connivance. Lenin inaugurated the ''dictatorship of the proletariat'' after the October Revolution. He died on January 21, 1924 and became the demi-god of the Soviet Union. According to ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'' (1988) Lenin was "shrewd, dynamic, im[placable, pedantic, opportunist, as ice-cold in his economic reasoning as in his impersonal political hatreds that could encompass millions. . . . He inspired in the name of democracy a despotism boundless in the power of its ambition and sense of destiny.''

'''Bolshevists''' 
Commonly called ''Bolsheviks''. At the Second Congress of the Russia's Social Democratic Labor Party in August, 1903 there was a dispute between Lenin and Martov, two of the party's leaders. Lenin argued for a small party of highly disciplined, centralized and dedicated professional revolutionary elites with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters. Martov disagreed believing it was better to have a mass party of activists. At the end of the debate Lenin won a narrow victory: 28 to 23 (the only time in the party history up to then Lenin had a majority behind him). From then on, the Party was split into Lenin's faction called themselves ''Bolsheviks'' (majority) and Martov's faction known as ''Mensheviks'' (minority). The split became permanent as both groups' policy and practice diverged more and more. In 1912, Lenin's Bolsheviks faction formed a separate Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) which in 1918, after they came to power, changed its name to All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). It finally became Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1952 which was dissolved in 1991.

'''anti-Materialist''' 
Marxism belongs to the materialist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism] strain of the Western philosophical tradition, stating that the only objective reality is matter. The orthodox Marxist doctrine is divided into historical materialism (which claims that changes of society and even the non-material "superstructure" are determined by economical processes, and thus materially caused); and dialectical materialism, proposed by Engels and then Lenin, which is basically a philosophy of nature combined with a rather crude gnoseology. The latter maintains that matter is the only substance and it is inherently and objectively dialectical in nature, i.e. it is in constant development due to the interactions of conflicting forces on all levels. An anti-Materialist (like Mach, who was denounced as a "subjective Idealist") is one who is against such belief.

'''Mach''' 
Austrian physicist and philosopher. A strong critic of Newtonian absolute time and absolute space. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:Ernst Mach]] (1838-1916). He was the target of Lenin's attack in his best-known attempt to create a Marxist philosophy (in the technical sense), ''Materialism and Empiriocriticism''.

'''Ouspensky''' 
Russian mystic and author of ''The Fourth Dimension''. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 602|page 602:Young Ouspensky]] (1878-1947).

==Page 617==

'''above this galley-slave repetition of days''' 
ATD motif i.e. rebel against the quotidian day.

'''the already seen''' 
. . . which we know better under the French term ''déjà vu.''

'''Staring at the wallpaper.''' 
A parallel to Kovalevskaya, whose father used Ostrogradsky notes to cover
the walls. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaia wiki].

'''''i, j,'' and ''k'', the unit vectors''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526:Gibbsian Vectors]].

==Page 618==

'''''Schnitte''''' 
Plural of ''Schnitt.'' German: cuts.

'''multiply-connected spaces''' 
In topology, geometrical objects or spaces are connected but not simply connected are called multiply-connected spaces. In mathematics, a geometrical object or space is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply-connected simply connected] if it consists of one piece and doesn't have any "holes" that pass all the way through it. For example, neither a doughout nor a coffee cup with handle is simply connected, and so both are [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MultiplyConnected.html multiply connected]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply_connected Also see Wikipedia] for a fine, relatively nontechnical explanation. Sea-ice and Venice were described as multiply connected spaces on [[ATD_119-148#Page_136|p. 136.]]

''''vector space'''' 
In mathematics, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space vector space] is a collection of objects, vectors, that may be scaled and added.

'''space of higher dimensionality''' 
Hypersphere. A four-dimensional hypersphere is currently considered the possible shape of our universe. (A 4-D hypersphere is to a 3-D sphere, what a 3-D sphere is to a circle.) In mathematics, [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hypersphere.html Hypersphere] can be n-dimensional with n = 4 and greater. Also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersphere Hypersphere of Wiki Entry].

'''''nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing, "it doesn't matter".

'''if it doesn't work with gold, the next step will be lead''' 
Cowboy alchemy. If you can't settle your dispute with money, you will have to shoot it out. There's a reference to this process on page 105.

'''it's this damned English practice of talking in code''' 
Refers to commonly noted English cultural tendency to avoid direct expression in conversation.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
The Britain and Russia settled a number of differences in Asia. And with both countries concerned about Germany but friendly with France they concluded the Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg. It defined their respective spheres of interest in Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet, with Russia taking the northern areas of Persia and Britain taking the Persian Guld area in the south. Its primary aim was to keep Germany out of that region.

==Page 619==

'''''Bierstube''''' 
German: tavern, beer hall.

==Page 620==

'''''akousmaton''''' 
In ''AtD'' the plural ''akousmata'' occurs more often. [[A|Look it up in the alphabetical "A" page.]]

'''eidolon''' 
From Greek: image, picture.

'''minié ball''' 
Rifle bullet with a conical head used in muzzle-loading firearms. [[ATD_97-118#Page_101|See the fuller annotation on p. 101.]]

'''Zirconium''' 
A steel-gray hard ductile metallic element with a high melting point that occurs widely in combined form, is highly resistant to corrosion, and is used especially in alloys and in refractories and ceramics. 
Zirconium is often confused with ''zircon'' and even more often with ''zirconia.'' Zircon is a gemstone consisting chiefly of zirconium silicate. Zirconia is the oxide of zirconium. "Cubic zirconia" became a popular surrogate gem a couple of decades ago.

'''galena''' 
a bluish-gray cubic mineral with metallic luster consisting of lead sulfide and constituting the principal ore of lead.

==Page 621==

'''Reckon ''yo tengo que'' get ''el'' fuck out of ''aquí''''' 
Macaronic Spanish/English: Reckon I'd better get the fuck out of here. 
Kit said the same thing when he decided to leave Yale (page 318).

'''''Zum Mickifest! Komm, komm!''''' 
German: To the Mickey party, come, come! "Mickey Finn" = knockout drops such as chloral hydrate (see any film noir).

'''''K.O.-Tropfen''''' 
German: K.O. (= knockout) drops.

==Page 622==

'''Group-theoretical implications''' 
Introductions to group theory often use "symmetry under rotation" as an illustration. You can rotate a square 90 degrees and get the same square, and likewise 180 and 270 degrees, so the square has fourfold symmetry. Here Gottlob applies a similar concept to the printed words ''pun'' and ''und,'' which alternate with every 180 degree rotation.

'''rhonchus''' 
a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partly obstructed.

'''''Gottlob! Wo ist deine Spritze?''''' 
German: Gottlob, where is your syringe?

'''''"Streng reserviert für den Elefanten!"''''' 
German: Strictly reserved for the elephant (not elephants).

==Page 623==

'''strychnine''' 
a bitter poisonous alkaloid that is obtained from ''nux vomica'' and related plants, and is used as a poison (as for rodents) and medicinally as a stimulant of the central nervous system.

'''Noncommutative . . . Asymmetric''' 
A relation like "cures" is ''commutative'' if "A cures B" implies that "B cures A" and vice versa. Here the situation is fuzzier because a total cure is not at issue: "Chloral alleviates the effects of strychnine" and "Strychnine alleviates the effects of chloral" are both true, so ''noncommutative'' doesn't quite apply, but one is more true than the other, so ''asymmetric'' is a better choice of word.

'''''Verfluchte cowboy!''''' 
German: Damn cowboy! (should be ''Verfluchter Cowboy'')

'''''Achtung, Schwester!''''' 
German: Hey, Nurse!

'''''Klapsmühle''''' 
German: nut factory. (''Er hat einen Klaps'' means "He's nutty"; ''Mühle'' is a mill.)

'''one of his canonical outfits''' 
"Canonicals" is a term for priestly vestments. 
But also, in the psychology of perception, means 'typical' or 'most easily recognised as'

'''Dr. Willi Dingkopf''' 
German: Thinghead. Possibly, given other meanings of "thing", Dickhead.

==Page 624==

'''''Hebraic''''' 
Jewish.

'''you are not ''also Hebraic''''' 
Anti-Semitic Dingkopf considered Kit Jewish by his name ''Traverse''.

'''Jew Cantor, the ''Beast of Halle'', . . . to demolish the very foundations of mathematics''' 
Greg Cantor (1845-1918) taught mathematics at University of Halle from 1869-1918. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 593|page 593:Greg Cantor]]). He introduced the concepts of infinity and continuum into mathematics and thus brought about one of mathematical crises mentioned on page 594. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]]). 
Dingkopf regarded Greg Cantor Jewish by his name ''Cantor''.

==Page 625==

'''"Cantor is a practicing Lutheran." "With a name like that? Please." 
Dingkopf hears the name and obsessively thinks of the many Polish Jewish families that bear it. But the connection is not as strong as he surmises: The church of St. Thomas (Thomaskirche) in Leipzig had a staff member called Cantor or Kantor, and noted practicing Lutheran Johann Sebastian Bach held the position in his prime years. Cantor/Lutheran is not an absurdity.

''Cantor'' just means ''singer'' in Latin, and it has been used for persons who have a singing part in both Jewish and Christian (and possibly other) rites.

'''"Dr Hilbert . . ." "Dr. . . . ''David'' Hilbert"''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page324:David Hilbet]] (1862-1943), a German mathematician. Again, Dingkopf regarded him as Jewish because of his name, ''David''.

'''''Kolonie''''' 
German: colony, compound.

'''Invisibilism''' 
The principles of this (apparently) fictional school of design bring to mind Buckminster Fuller's concept of '''ephemeralization''', which notes that as design and technology improve -- "the more ''rationally'' a structure was designed" -- the more that can be done with less, process waste converges toward zero and things become physically smaller, "less visible...to the point" -- the "Penultimate Term" -- of being all but invisible. A simple example, the telephone cord is quickly disappearing as we go to cordless phones, and transistors "grow" smaller and smaller as a corollary to Moore's law. The principle of ephemeralization can be applied to design, construction, transportation, computer and other technologies and tools.

'''into its own metastructure''' 
A German SAP engineer once explained "we control complexity through abstraction."

'''one is left with only traces in the world, a few tangles of barbed wire''' 
The Invisibilist principles are paramorphosized into a future of kolonies where only the barbed wire outlines are visible. Within the context of antisemitism in the preceding paragraphs, the text is moving from kolonies to concentration camps, concentration camps empty perhaps except for the traces of consciousness remaining, outlined in barbed wire, the plan-view of, not the Penultimate Term, but the Final Solution.

'''certain odors''' 
cf. p. 408
This has less to do with Proust and involutary memory than with "perhaps certain ''odors''[Italicized in the original] steming from a few tangles of barbed wire upwind, a wind "which itself possesses now the same index of refracton as the departed Structure..." As is explained to Kit by someone in a guard's uniform who may not actually be a guard. That certain odor seems to be the odor of smoke from the ovens.

'''refraction index''' 
Among other things a refraction index can be used to measure concentration (camps) and confirm purity (ethnic).

'''someone . . . whom Kit . . . assumed was a guard''' 
Error in grammar by Pynchon or, more charitably, introduced by a copy editor. Punctuating as ''someone who/whom (Kit assumed) was a guard'' makes the choice of pronoun clearer. Alternatively: did Kit assume someone? No, he assumed a proposition about someone: ''someone was a guard.'' When the subject of that is transformed to "who/whom" for the purpose of linking it into the sentence, it remains the subject: ''who was a guard.'' 
A quibble over a fine point? Yes, but Pynchon is renowned for his fine points, and this mistake seems to put him on a level with a news intern at a third-tier TV station. So let's consider this a teaching moment: ''Copy editors, don't impose your ignorance on good writers.''

'''''So Gut Wie Neu''''' 
German: as good as new.

'''Dirigible Field''' 
The inmates' occupational therapy is a disguise for constructing this landing facility.

'''a real Dirigible''' 
The inmates have established a cargo cult [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult Wikipedia article] or a [http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/ufos.html UFO cult.]

'''Doofland''' 
German ''doof'' means comically stupid (possibly an origin of English "doofus").

'''O Tempora, O Mores''' 
Latin: Oh, the times! Oh, the customs! (Was there really music under this title?)

Famous sentence by Cicero in his First Oration against Catiline, which means Oh the times! Oh the morals! In his opening speech against Catiline, who had previously tried to kill him, Cicero deplores the viciousness and corruption of his age. This sentence is now used as an exclamation to criticize present-day attitudes and trends, often jokingly. So, it is, indeed, an "old favorite"

'''The Black Whale of Askalon''' 
"Im Schwarzen Walfisch zu Askalon," comic song. The "Black Whale" is a tavern in the ancient Persian town of Askalon. [http://www.grainger.de/music/songs/schwarzenwalfisch.html A paraphrase of the lyrics.]

==Page 626==

'''the head of Jochanaan''' 
In Strauss' opera ''Salome'' the title character asks for and receives as tribute John the Baptist's head on a platter. John in the opera is called Jochanaan.

'''Richard Strauss's opera ''Salome'' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Richard Struass]]'s one-act opera ''Salome'' was performed first time in Dresden, Germany, on December 9, 1905. It was a sensation of the year 1905. The opera was based on the French play ''Salomé'' by Oscar Wilde. The time of action: about 30 A.D.; place of action: Jerusalem . . . for the story see [http://www.music.lv/opera/Salome/default_E.htm Salome].

'''the Five Jews''' 
In the middle of the opera ''Salome'' five Jews argued concerning the nature of God.

'''''Judeamus igitur, Judenes dum su-hu-mus''''' 
German university students used to sing ''Gaudeamus igitur, juvenes dum sumus'' ("Then let us be joyful while we are young men"); the melody forms the climax of Brahms' "Academic Festival" overture. Dr. Dingkopf, the Johnny One-Note of anti-Semitism, sings in bastard Latin, "Then let us Jew while we are Jews."

'''Ich Bin Ein Berliner''' 
JFK said "Ich bin ein Berliner" at the Berlin wall in 1963. According to Wikipedia, there is an urban legend: 
<blockquote>Kennedy should have said "Ich bin Berliner" to mean "I am a person from Berlin." By adding the indefinite article ein, his statement implied he was a non-human Berliner, thus "I am a jelly doughnut". The statement was followed by uproarious laughter.</blockquote> 
However, Wikipedia goes on to state: <blockquote>There is no grammatical error in Kennedy's statement; the indefinite article does not change its meaning. In German, the statement of origin "Ich bin ein Brandenburger" (I am a Brandenburger) is more common than "Ich bin Brandenburger" (I am Brandenburger), but both are correct. The article "ein" can be used as a form of emphasis: it implies "just one of many." As Kennedy did stress the "ein", the usage was, according to German linguist Jürgen Eichhoff [1], "not only correct, but the one and only correct way of expressing in German what the President intended to say."</blockquote> 
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:51, 19 December 2006 (PST)

And Kennedy's motto drew tumultuous cheers, not laughter; the Berliners had no trouble understanding what he meant.

Maybe a Simpsons connection as well:[http://www.anvari.org/fortune/Simpsons_Subtle_Allusions/9.html]

'''''Konditerei''''' 
German: pastry shop.

'''''Puderzucker''''' 
German: powdered sugar.

==Page 628==

'''Halfcourt? what kind of a name is that?''' 
This is Dingkopf speaking, in the context of his obsession with Jewish infiltration of British society. "What kind of a name is that?" has the subtext "Is that a ''Jewish'' name?"

'''''Der Wall''''' 
In German there are at least three words for "wall": ''Wand'' (the wall of a room), ''Mauer'' (a masonry wall) and ''Wall'' (a wall of a fortification). The infamous Berlin Wall was ''die Mauer.''

In this case 'der Wall' means the rampart on which the town wall stood. After this was razed in the 18. century a path was made on top of 'der Wall' along which Yashmeen and Kit take their walk.

'''dotted quarter rest''' 
Musical notation: brief pause.

==Page 629==

'''Hainberg''' 
Likely to be the Hainberg-Gymnasium at Göttingen http://hainberg-gymnasium.de/

'''Rheinpfalz''' 
A wine from the Rhine-Palatinate region in western Germany.

'''Deidesheimer...Herrgottsacker...Hofstück''' 
Three different wines.

'''do a bunk''' 
Flee.

==Page 630==

'''a Theosophist''' 
an adherent of theosophy professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation.

'''Sidney Reilly''' 
Sidney Reilly, aka The Ace of Spies--a real early 20th century British--and other--intelligence agent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Reilly].

'''hoosier''' 
Bumpkin; capitalized, it has a different meaning.

'''stans''' 
Countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkestan, etc.). Possible anachronism; term gained currency after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

No anachronism - in many central-asian languages (Pashtu, Dari, Farsi, etc.) '-stan' means 'land of', i.e. Afghanistan = Land of the Afghans, Nuristan = Land of Light, Frankistan = France, Germanistan = Germany, etc.

'''One Savile Row''' 
Seat of the Royal Geographical Society.

'''Kashgar''' 
Now called Kashi, a city in the extreme west of China; at the western end of the Taklimakan desert; a principal town of Chinese Turkestan. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar Kāshi (Kashgar)].

'''Auberon Halfcourt''' 
The name Auberon is derived from Oberon and related to Alberich, the dwarf in Wagner's ''Ring'' cycle. Half-court describes a reduced form of basketball. Another possible allusion (bit of a stretch, perhaps?) is to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberon_Herbert Auberon Herbert,] a British libertarian whom Benjamin Tucker described as "a true anarchist in everything but name."

==Page 631==

'''the recent Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 618|page 618:Anglio-Russian Entente]] of 1907 in which the spheres of influence in inner Asia were divided between Britain and Russia in order to keep Germany out of that region.

'''Baku and Johannesburg''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Johannesburg; Baku]].

'''One vision . . . spiritual, and the other, capitalist.''' 
Competing visions as to the significance of what lies buried beneath the sands in Central Asia. We have already seen a map that reflects [[ATD 243-272#Page 249|dual visions]] of the area. The Great Game competition shaping up in Asia is a continuation of a global 'metaphysical' conflict between materialist and integrationist tendencies.

'''lie doggo''' 
Go underground, maintain a low profile.

==Page 632==

'''Museum der Monstrositäten''' 
German: museum of monstrosities. ''Mathematical'' monstrosities.

'''motor diligence''' 
Motor taxi, as opposed to horse-drawn.

'''the Brocken''' 
The highest peak (3,750 ft) in the Harz Mountains in Germany. It is about 35 miles northeast of Göttingen. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brocken The Brocken]). 

Appears in ''GR'' where Slothrop and neophyte witch Geli Tripping encounter the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_329-336 Brockengespenst] p. 330. and ....

'''"An older Germany .... Deeper"''' 
Meaning pre-Christian Germany, as referenced earlier in the passage with the description 'witchlike'.

'''weapons somehow ''not yet decipherable''''' 
Rayguns.

==Page 633==

'''Knipfel...von Imbiss''' 
Neither one existed. Imbiss is German: snacks, fast food. *** I have a differing opinion: Knipfel is Jim Knipfel. Thomas Pynchon has read Knipfel's memoirs, enjoyed them, and blurbed them.

'''''Weierstrass Functions''''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable]].

'''''Russell's Letter''''' 
Russell's letter of June 16, 1902. (see below "Poor Frege . . .").

'''''the Set of All Sets That Are Not Members of Themselves''''' 
Russell Paradox. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 538|page 538:Bertie Russell]].

'''''parallax effect''''' 
the apparent shift of an object against a background due to a change in observer's position.

'''Poor Frege . . . about to publish his book . . .''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Frege.html Gottlob Frege] (1848-1925) was a German mathematician. He was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic putting forward the view that mathematics is reducible to logic. 
In 1893 Frege published his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 1'' in which he axiomatized arithmetic with an intuitive collection of axioms. While his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 2'' was at the printer, Frege received a letter (June 16, 1902) from Bertrand Russell in which Russell pointed out that the ''Russell Paradox'' gave a contradiction in Frege's system of axioms.

'''''Kot!''''' 
German: shit.

'''Crotona in Magna Grecia''' 
Crotona is the old Latin name of the Italian city [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotone Crotone] in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto. Ancient Crotona was long one of the most flourishing cities of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Graecia Magna Grecia] (Latin for ''Greater Greece''), the area in Southern Italy colonised by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC. Pythagoras went to Crotona at the age of 40 and most of his philosophical activities occurred there.

'''Hilbeert . . . August . . . in 1900 . . . International Congress . . . "Paris Problems" 
Paris Problems = Hilbert's Problems. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 604|page 604:the outstanding problems in mathematics]].

'''''zone of dual nature''''' 
One place that is two places: this peculiar Pynchonian form of bilocation again.

'''part "real"...part "pictorial" or let us say "fictional"''' 
Complex numbers are made up of a real number and an imaginary number (e.g "one plus the square root of negative one"), as AtD is made up of real and imaginary (fictional) parts, the effect of which (continuing into P.635) is described as "taking one beyond four dimensional environs...out into a timeless region..." This seems to be the goal of the protagonists, the author, and the reader.

==Page 634==

'''''Mengenlehre''''' 
German: set theory.

'''one is thrust . . . into a timeless region''' 
Like one of those funhouse rooms where gravity is reversed.

'''ZU DEN QUATERNIONEN''' 
German railway stations all have a big sign: ZU DEN ZÜGEN, to the trains. Here it's to the quaternions.

Not sure about the train connection, it reminded me rather of signs found in zoos or circus sideshows pointing to the major attractions (e.g. "Zu den Löwen" - "[This way] To the lions"). [[User:WolfgangFaber|WolfgangFaber]] 14:35, 11 October 2008 (PDT)

'''Nernst light''' 
Light from [[ATD_429-459#Page 437|page 437:Nernst Lamp]].

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 561|page 561:Brougham Bridge]].

'''complex knife''' 
"part real and part imaginary", and there is a "real" reproduction nearby. These are ''aides memoires'', inspirations--perhaps the dimensions beyond are literally located in imagination, mental spaces.

'''Sofia Kovalevskaia and . . . Weierstrass''' 
From 1870 Weierstrass was Kovalevskaia's mathematics tutor in Berlin. He gave Kovalevskaia private lessons twice a week for four years. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia]]. 
Here, as on page 500, there is a hint of romantic involvement between the teacher and the student.

'''Lebesgue''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lebesgue.html Henri Lebesgue] (1875-1941) was a French mathematician. He formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and the following year he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral.

'''"surface devoid of tangent planes"''' 
In other words, discontinuous functions. 
Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions based largely on the Riemann method of integration. However, in 1902, Lebesgue extended the concept of the area below a curve to include many ''discontinuous functions'' and thus generalised the notion of the Riemann integral and revolutionised th eintegral calculus.

'''. . . everywhere continuous and nowhere differentiable''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiabl, Weierstrass function]] and [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crsis in mathematics]].

==Page 635==

'''The Kaiser now seeks in Mexico . . . opportunities for mischief toward the U.S.''' 
Now and for years to come: America's entry into World War One was spurred in part by the Kaiser's offer to return part of the Southwest to Mexico.

'''''Rosinenkacker''''' 
German: one who shits raisins. More commonly "Korinthenkacker", insulting term for a very pedantic person.

'''a world line...never travel''' 
A world line is a tensor, a four-dimensional vector through space ''and'' time, therefore a history. Here Gunther is describing the closing off of his future possibilities. In quantum theory observation causes possible states to 'collapse' into one measured state; hence, the past observed from the present is deterministic (it has only one possible state), but the present observed from the past has many possible states until our actions cause it to collapse into one state. Our actions will then be seen to have been inevitable, a world line [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel]. Hence: "Ach, das Schiksal".

'''''Ach, das Schicksal''''' 
German: ah, fate.

'''chloral to coffee''' 
A depressant to a stimulant, antipodal (opposite) effects on neuronal function. 

'''that terrible ecstasy known to result from unmediated observation of the beautiful''' 
Cf. Rilke, First Duino Elegy:
"For beauty is nothing but
the beginning of terror, that we are still able to bear,
and we revere it so, because it calmly disdains
to destroy us. Every Angel is terror." 
Rilke features strongly in V and GR (with Weissmann/Blicero). The idea that 'the sublime' involves an element of terror is fundamental to Romanticism.

May also be an allusion to what is known as "Stendhal Syndrome" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal_syndrome], a psychosomatic illness that causes rapid heartbeat, dizziness, confusion and even hallucinations when an individual is exposed to art, usually when the art is particularly 'beautiful' or a large amount of art is in a single place. The term can also be used to describe a similar reaction to a surfeit of choice in other circumstances, e.g. when confronted with immense beauty in the natural world. It is said that a lot of tourists who visit Florence and Venice experience it.

==Page 636==

'''Children''' 
The preceding sections are a concise, riotous, poignant summary of life at an institute of higher learning; students and to some extent faculty are, notoriously, children at play. Yashmeen, Kit and Gunther are graduating, without diplomas but going out of the hothouse atmosphere of the University into the "real world". But given the preceding 5 pages, how real is that? 
But this is not so much about the University as about 'the Museum' on the Brocken, and the issue is really who is speaking. Who would feel qualified to call them 'children'? They're in a 'strange, underground temple' and the Brocken is an ancient, magical place. Associated especially with witches and 'the Spectre of the Brocken', an aerial phenomenon that resembles a human figure (actually the shadow of the viewer on the mist).

'''The next time you visit...''' 
The University never looks the same after graduation; also, nothing ever does: Heraclitus' dictum that no man ever steps in the same river twice. Time (''pace'' Proust) cannot be reclaimed (even if you can find the tesseract's entrance again)because even if you go back in time, you are not the same person you were; you have been changed by experience. 
Again, it's 'the Museum' that's closing. This isn't the Museum of Professor Klein at the University, mentioned on p. 632, it's a 'nocturnal equivalent' out on the Brocken.

'''"You know who I am."''' 
Cf. Leonard Cohen:
"You know who I am, you've stared at the sun.
I am the one who loves changing from nothing to one."
Some sort of god of mathematics, the curator of the museum?
The Spectre of the Brocken (seen by Slothrop and Geli in GR)? Rilke's angel, the terrible ecstasy referred to on p. 635? All three? 
Another possibility: the author. After all, the characters are his 'children', his creations. And in a fiction, the author is God. The Museum that he's closing isn't only a museum of mathematics, it's a musuem of ''narratives'' about mathematics.

==Page 637==

'''caldo tlapeno''' 
Mexican chicken vegetable soup.

'''Tampico''' 
Tampico means "the place of the otters". As a city, it is Mexico's second most important commercial port along the Gulf of Mexico, is located on the southeastern tip of Tamaulipas. The State of Tamaulipas is on the northeast side of Mexico directly south of Texas; but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampico Tampico] is about 300 miles from the US border.

'''Chiapas''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas Chiapas] is a poor and largely agricultural stat in the southeast of Mexico. It is best known for its 1994 Zapatista movement.

'''"El Atildado"''' 
Spanish: the neat man. But it also suggests "the man marked with a tilde" (see page 600). When reading this passage aloud, think about how to stress the word "also" in "a gift Günther von Quassel had ''also'' been blessed with."

(In mathematical notation, the tilde "~" means "approximately" or "is proportional to," depending on country.)

==Page 638==

'''''Bohnen''''' 
German: beans

'''Maragogype''' 
As Gunther says, a variety of coffee bean, large in size, grown in Mexico and Central America [http://coffeeplus.com.au/coffees/7443.html].

'''Arbuckles''' 
Not only a brand of coffee, but a method of preparation also known as "Cowboy Coffee" similar to Turkish/Greek coffee in one boils the grounds in the water [http://www.ineedcoffee.com/02/04/cowboycoffee/]. Synonymous here with "plain old, unfancified coffee"--perhaps a swipe at 21st century coffee gourmets and at Starbucks. Another paramorphic-mirror image of the early 21st century in the early 20th. 
Cowhands expected their coffee to be ‘brown gargle”, hot, black, strong and thick enough to float a six shooter in. 
It's really, really hard to equate cowboy coffee to Greek coffee. Greek (Turkish, Serbian) coffee is made from beans ground to powder and boiled for a few seconds, usually in sugar syrup. Grounds in the cup are a virtue. Cowboy coffee starts as coarse grounds, which are boiled for several minutes (or, heaven help us, longer) and often "refined" with eggshells, which cause the grounds to settle out.

'''''cafetalero''''' 
Perhaps as in ''pistolero''; i.e. a barrista.

more likely translates as "coffee man"

'''''el otro lado''''' 
Spanish: the other side (in one sense or other).

'''bucket shop''' 
A stock swindle, in which one set of trades is reported to the customer, while the brokerage is really using the money in other, usually riskier trades ("bucketing"). A place where the public could bet on the daily motions of stock prices before 1929 and before the advent of instant stock quotes via the Internet.

Given the year, this may be related to the Panic of 1907. Steve/Ramon bought stocks on margin and when they went south he was slammed.

'''flimming''' 
Probably = indulging in flimflam (fraud, swindles)

'''''norte''''' 
north wind.

'''Plaza de Toros''' 
A bullring.

'''[S]louching away into the yellow opacity, he invited them all up to a wingding [...] that evening.''' 
Compare with T.S. Eliot's ''Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'':

<blockquote>
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes 
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening</blockquote>
[[User:Bean|remy]] 09:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

==Page 639==

'''Rio Bravo''' 
Mexican name for the river known in the US as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande Rio Grande].

'''Ramos gin fizzes''' 
The original [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/ramos-gin-fizz.html Ramos gin fizz] was invented in the 1880s by Henry C. Ramos, in his bar at Meyer's Restaurant, this is one of New Orleans' most famous drinks.

'''jungles of Tehuantepec''' 
Jungles of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec The Isthmus of Tehuantepec] in Mexico. The isthmus represents the shortest distance between the Guld of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

'''unnatural boom''' 
Another paramorphic mirroring of the 21st/20th centuries; tech stock boom/bust of ~2000.

'''Baku''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Baku]].

'''skeeters''' 
mosquitoes

'''adios ''chingamadre''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, motherfucker.

==Page 640==

'''Valkyrie''' 
In Norse mythology the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie Valkyries] are minor female deities.

'''Mondragón semiautomatics''' 
A self-loading rifle designed and patented by Mexican General Mondragón in 1896 — so it was only 10 years ago. It's magazine capacity was of 8-round or 10-round box, or later 30-round drum (for German service). For a picture of the refined 1908 model and its 1907 patent see [http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl26-e.htm Mondgragón M1908 rifle].

'''Springfield''' 
An American magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle Springfield].

'''Schnecken rigs''' 
A possible anachronism, but it is hard to be sure. The German word ''Schnecken'' in the small-arms context (''Schneckenmagazin'') refers to what's called a "cylindrical magazine" in English. The best-known weapon using this magazine is the Russian PP-19 Bison submachine gun, but the Bison is based in part on Kalashnikov technology and hence could not have been developed until after World War II. [http://88.198.24.206/invisionboard/lofiversion/index.php/t20170.html The definitive online information] on the Bison not only identifies it as using the ''Schneckenmagazin'' but also contains excellent cutaway drawings of the "helical feed" system; use your browser's search function to find the word Bison. [http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg08-e.htm This page] has a photo and specs in English. The Schnecken rig is definitely ''not'' the drum magazine used with the American Thompson submachine gun in the 1920s.

'''anti-Porfiristas''' 
Opponents of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, hence left wing. Eventually, ten years later, to become the Mexican Revolution led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

'''the Pánuco''' 
''Río Pánuco'', a river in Veracruz state, east-central Mexico. It is formed by the junction of the Moctezuma and Tamuín rivers on the San Luis Potosí-Veracruz state line, the Pánuco meanders generally east-northeastward past the town of Pánuco to the Guld of Mexico about 6 miles below Tampico.

==Page 641==

'''Mondragóns will get you through''' 
Echoes the wonderful 1970s slogan "Dope will get you through times of no money better than money will get you through times of no dope."

'''hidalgo''' 
Coin with a portrait of Miguel Hidalgo (1753 – 1811), hero of the Mexican war of independence against Spain.

'''''este . . . perdón''''' 
this . . . sorry

==Page 642==

'''La Fotinga Huasteca''' 
''Fotinga'' is Spanish: jalopy. ''Huasteca'' is a region of the Sierra Madre Oriental north of San Luis Potosí. A local equivalent to "Tijuana Taxi"?

'''''batería''''' 
Spanish: battery (collection of percussion instruments).

'''[T]hat dirty li'l back-shootin Bob Ford.''' 
Ford shot notorious outlaw Jesse James in the back on April 3, 1882; Ford himself was shotgunned to death in 1892. The event inspired one Billy Gashade to pen the verse that became the popular folk ballad "Jesse James," recorded by Pete Seeger, Bruce Springsteen, and many others. 
[[User:bnilsson|bnilsson]] 01:41, 2 January 2007 (EDT)

'''''resentimientos''''' 
resentments.

'''eight seconds . . . rodeo''' 
A bull rider must stay aboard for eight seconds to score.

'''cerverzas Bohemias''' 
Bohemias (brand) beers, a Mexican beer.

'''Cuervo Extra''' 
a kind of tequila ?

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Cuervo José Cuervo] is a well-known brand of tequila; the wikipedia does not mention ''Extra'' but ''Especial''.

==Page 643==

'''''frontera''''' 
Spanish: frontier.

'''drygulched''' 
Ambushed, betrayed.

'''Krag-Jorgensens''' 
Repeating-bolt-action rifles designed by the Norwegians Ole Krag and Erik Jorgensen in late 19th century (1886). From 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krag-J%C3%B8rgensen Krag-Jorgensens] were used by the United States army as standard arms. And now it is a popular collector item.

'''Juárez''' 
''Ciudad Juárez'', or simply ''Juárez'', is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It stands on the Rio Grande across the border from El Paso, Texas. [http://www.juarez-mexico.com/ Juárez] is the major port of entry and transportation center of north central Mexico.

'''''Vaya con Dios, pendejo''''' 
Spanish: Go with God, asshole.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 615-643

2008-10-11T21:41:42Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 642 */ Add link and some text for Jose Cuervo tequila.

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 615==

'''''Kreditbrief''''' 
German: letter of credit.

==Page 616==

'''Auditorienhaus''' 
Building housing auditoriums (and in this case a library).

'''Riemann's ''Habilitationsschrift''''' 
In Germany a new faculty member presents a lecture or, in this case, a thesis on taking up office. 
Riemann's lecture, ''On the Hypotheses that Lie at the Foundation of Geometry'', delivered on June 10, 1854. It became a classic of mathematics.

The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation Habilitation] is actually a formal process for giving a person the right to teach university courses independently (i.e. without a formal assignment) and supervise doctoral candidates. This right is usually referred to as venia docendi or venia legendi in Germany. The process consists of delivering a thesis (Habilitationsschrift) and giving a lecture.

'''the 1859 paper on primes''' 
In August 1859 Riemann presented a paper, ''On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity'', to the Berlin Academy of Science. In the middle of that paper he made what later was called the ''Riemann Hypothesis'' (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:conjecture]]). Today, after nearly 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, it remains unproved.

'''''Achphänomen''''' 
German: the "aha" phenomenon.

'''''Tchetvyortoye Izmereniye''''' 
Today more likely transliterated ''Chetvertoe izmerenie.'' Russian: (the) fourth dimension.

'''''"Yob tvoyu mat'"''''' 
Russian: Fuck your mother. It's as impolite as it looks, but used way more often than in English.

'''Otzovists''' 
A splinter Bolshevik faction. The name comes from the noun ''otzyv'' meaning "recall"; it does not mean "god-builders." The group (existing under this name only in 1908-9) demanded the recall of Social Democrats from the national legislature.

'''Lenin''' 
[http://www.bartleby.com/65/le/Lenin-Vl.html Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov aka Lenin] (1870-1924), Russian revolutionary and founder of Bolshevism and the major force behind the October Revolution, 1917. He studied law at Kazan University but only practiced law for a couple of years before becoming a professional revolutionary. He was arrested in 1895 for his opinions and activities, and was exiled to Siberia in 1897 for three years. At the end of his exile he went to Switzerland in 1900 and became the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1903, and returned to Russia in 1905 during the 1905 Revolution. He left Russia in 1907 and only returned in April, 1917 with Germany's connivance. Lenin inaugurated the ''dictatorship of the proletariat'' after the October Revolution. He died on January 21, 1924 and became the demi-god of the Soviet Union. According to ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'' (1988) Lenin was "shrewd, dynamic, im[placable, pedantic, opportunist, as ice-cold in his economic reasoning as in his impersonal political hatreds that could encompass millions. . . . He inspired in the name of democracy a despotism boundless in the power of its ambition and sense of destiny.''

'''Bolshevists''' 
Commonly called ''Bolsheviks''. At the Second Congress of the Russia's Social Democratic Labor Party in August, 1903 there was a dispute between Lenin and Martov, two of the party's leaders. Lenin argued for a small party of highly disciplined, centralized and dedicated professional revolutionary elites with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters. Martov disagreed believing it was better to have a mass party of activists. At the end of the debate Lenin won a narrow victory: 28 to 23 (the only time in the party history up to then Lenin had a majority behind him). From then on, the Party was split into Lenin's faction called themselves ''Bolsheviks'' (majority) and Martov's faction known as ''Mensheviks'' (minority). The split became permanent as both groups' policy and practice diverged more and more. In 1912, Lenin's Bolsheviks faction formed a separate Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) which in 1918, after they came to power, changed its name to All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). It finally became Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1952 which was dissolved in 1991.

'''anti-Materialist''' 
Marxism belongs to the materialist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism] strain of the Western philosophical tradition, stating that the only objective reality is matter. The orthodox Marxist doctrine is divided into historical materialism (which claims that changes of society and even the non-material "superstructure" are determined by economical processes, and thus materially caused); and dialectical materialism, proposed by Engels and then Lenin, which is basically a philosophy of nature combined with a rather crude gnoseology. The latter maintains that matter is the only substance and it is inherently and objectively dialectical in nature, i.e. it is in constant development due to the interactions of conflicting forces on all levels. An anti-Materialist (like Mach, who was denounced as a "subjective Idealist") is one who is against such belief.

'''Mach''' 
Austrian physicist and philosopher. A strong critic of Newtonian absolute time and absolute space. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:Ernst Mach]] (1838-1916). He was the target of Lenin's attack in his best-known attempt to create a Marxist philosophy (in the technical sense), ''Materialism and Empiriocriticism''.

'''Ouspensky''' 
Russian mystic and author of ''The Fourth Dimension''. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 602|page 602:Young Ouspensky]] (1878-1947).

==Page 617==

'''above this galley-slave repetition of days''' 
ATD motif i.e. rebel against the quotidian day.

'''the already seen''' 
. . . which we know better under the French term ''déjà vu.''

'''Staring at the wallpaper.''' 
A parallel to Kovalevskaya, whose father used Ostrogradsky notes to cover
the walls. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaia wiki].

'''''i, j,'' and ''k'', the unit vectors''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526:Gibbsian Vectors]].

==Page 618==

'''''Schnitte''''' 
Plural of ''Schnitt.'' German: cuts.

'''multiply-connected spaces''' 
In topology, geometrical objects or spaces are connected but not simply connected are called multiply-connected spaces. In mathematics, a geometrical object or space is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply-connected simply connected] if it consists of one piece and doesn't have any "holes" that pass all the way through it. For example, neither a doughout nor a coffee cup with handle is simply connected, and so both are [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MultiplyConnected.html multiply connected]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply_connected Also see Wikipedia] for a fine, relatively nontechnical explanation. Sea-ice and Venice were described as multiply connected spaces on [[ATD_119-148#Page_136|p. 136.]]

''''vector space'''' 
In mathematics, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space vector space] is a collection of objects, vectors, that may be scaled and added.

'''space of higher dimensionality''' 
Hypersphere. A four-dimensional hypersphere is currently considered the possible shape of our universe. (A 4-D hypersphere is to a 3-D sphere, what a 3-D sphere is to a circle.) In mathematics, [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hypersphere.html Hypersphere] can be n-dimensional with n = 4 and greater. Also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersphere Hypersphere of Wiki Entry].

'''''nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing, "it doesn't matter".

'''if it doesn't work with gold, the next step will be lead''' 
Cowboy alchemy. If you can't settle your dispute with money, you will have to shoot it out. There's a reference to this process on page 105.

'''it's this damned English practice of talking in code''' 
Refers to commonly noted English cultural tendency to avoid direct expression in conversation.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
The Britain and Russia settled a number of differences in Asia. And with both countries concerned about Germany but friendly with France they concluded the Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg. It defined their respective spheres of interest in Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet, with Russia taking the northern areas of Persia and Britain taking the Persian Guld area in the south. Its primary aim was to keep Germany out of that region.

==Page 619==

'''''Bierstube''''' 
German: tavern, beer hall.

==Page 620==

'''''akousmaton''''' 
In ''AtD'' the plural ''akousmata'' occurs more often. [[A|Look it up in the alphabetical "A" page.]]

'''eidolon''' 
From Greek: image, picture.

'''minié ball''' 
Rifle bullet with a conical head used in muzzle-loading firearms. [[ATD_97-118#Page_101|See the fuller annotation on p. 101.]]

'''Zirconium''' 
A steel-gray hard ductile metallic element with a high melting point that occurs widely in combined form, is highly resistant to corrosion, and is used especially in alloys and in refractories and ceramics. 
Zirconium is often confused with ''zircon'' and even more often with ''zirconia.'' Zircon is a gemstone consisting chiefly of zirconium silicate. Zirconia is the oxide of zirconium. "Cubic zirconia" became a popular surrogate gem a couple of decades ago.

'''galena''' 
a bluish-gray cubic mineral with metallic luster consisting of lead sulfide and constituting the principal ore of lead.

==Page 621==

'''Reckon ''yo tengo que'' get ''el'' fuck out of ''aquí''''' 
Macaronic Spanish/English: Reckon I'd better get the fuck out of here. 
Kit said the same thing when he decided to leave Yale (page 318).

'''''Zum Mickifest! Komm, komm!''''' 
German: To the Mickey party, come, come! "Mickey Finn" = knockout drops such as chloral hydrate (see any film noir).

'''''K.O.-Tropfen''''' 
German: K.O. (= knockout) drops.

==Page 622==

'''Group-theoretical implications''' 
Introductions to group theory often use "symmetry under rotation" as an illustration. You can rotate a square 90 degrees and get the same square, and likewise 180 and 270 degrees, so the square has fourfold symmetry. Here Gottlob applies a similar concept to the printed words ''pun'' and ''und,'' which alternate with every 180 degree rotation.

'''rhonchus''' 
a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partly obstructed.

'''''Gottlob! Wo ist deine Spritze?''''' 
German: Gottlob, where is your syringe?

'''''"Streng reserviert für den Elefanten!"''''' 
German: Strictly reserved for the elephant (not elephants).

==Page 623==

'''strychnine''' 
a bitter poisonous alkaloid that is obtained from ''nux vomica'' and related plants, and is used as a poison (as for rodents) and medicinally as a stimulant of the central nervous system.

'''Noncommutative . . . Asymmetric''' 
A relation like "cures" is ''commutative'' if "A cures B" implies that "B cures A" and vice versa. Here the situation is fuzzier because a total cure is not at issue: "Chloral alleviates the effects of strychnine" and "Strychnine alleviates the effects of chloral" are both true, so ''noncommutative'' doesn't quite apply, but one is more true than the other, so ''asymmetric'' is a better choice of word.

'''''Verfluchte cowboy!''''' 
German: Damn cowboy! (should be ''Verfluchter Cowboy'')

'''''Achtung, Schwester!''''' 
German: Hey, Nurse!

'''''Klapsmühle''''' 
German: nut factory. (''Er hat einen Klaps'' means "He's nutty"; ''Mühle'' is a mill.)

'''one of his canonical outfits''' 
"Canonicals" is a term for priestly vestments. 
But also, in the psychology of perception, means 'typical' or 'most easily recognised as'

'''Dr. Willi Dingkopf''' 
German: Thinghead. Possibly, given other meanings of "thing", Dickhead.

==Page 624==

'''''Hebraic''''' 
Jewish.

'''you are not ''also Hebraic''''' 
Anti-Semitic Dingkopf considered Kit Jewish by his name ''Traverse''.

'''Jew Cantor, the ''Beast of Halle'', . . . to demolish the very foundations of mathematics''' 
Greg Cantor (1845-1918) taught mathematics at University of Halle from 1869-1918. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 593|page 593:Greg Cantor]]). He introduced the concepts of infinity and continuum into mathematics and thus brought about one of mathematical crises mentioned on page 594. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]]). 
Dingkopf regarded Greg Cantor Jewish by his name ''Cantor''.

==Page 625==

'''"Cantor is a practicing Lutheran." "With a name like that? Please." 
Dingkopf hears the name and obsessively thinks of the many Polish Jewish families that bear it. But the connection is not as strong as he surmises: The church of St. Thomas (Thomaskirche) in Leipzig had a staff member called Cantor or Kantor, and noted practicing Lutheran Johann Sebastian Bach held the position in his prime years. Cantor/Lutheran is not an absurdity.

''Cantor'' just means ''singer'' in Latin, and it has been used for persons who have a singing part in both Jewish and Christian (and possibly other) rites.

'''"Dr Hilbert . . ." "Dr. . . . ''David'' Hilbert"''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page324:David Hilbet]] (1862-1943), a German mathematician. Again, Dingkopf regarded him as Jewish because of his name, ''David''.

'''''Kolonie''''' 
German: colony, compound.

'''Invisibilism''' 
The principles of this (apparently) fictional school of design bring to mind Buckminster Fuller's concept of '''ephemeralization''', which notes that as design and technology improve -- "the more ''rationally'' a structure was designed" -- the more that can be done with less, process waste converges toward zero and things become physically smaller, "less visible...to the point" -- the "Penultimate Term" -- of being all but invisible. A simple example, the telephone cord is quickly disappearing as we go to cordless phones, and transistors "grow" smaller and smaller as a corollary to Moore's law. The principle of ephemeralization can be applied to design, construction, transportation, computer and other technologies and tools.

'''into its own metastructure''' 
A German SAP engineer once explained "we control complexity through abstraction."

'''one is left with only traces in the world, a few tangles of barbed wire''' 
The Invisibilist principles are paramorphosized into a future of kolonies where only the barbed wire outlines are visible. Within the context of antisemitism in the preceding paragraphs, the text is moving from kolonies to concentration camps, concentration camps empty perhaps except for the traces of consciousness remaining, outlined in barbed wire, the plan-view of, not the Penultimate Term, but the Final Solution.

'''certain odors''' 
cf. p. 408
This has less to do with Proust and involutary memory than with "perhaps certain ''odors''[Italicized in the original] steming from a few tangles of barbed wire upwind, a wind "which itself possesses now the same index of refracton as the departed Structure..." As is explained to Kit by someone in a guard's uniform who may not actually be a guard. That certain odor seems to be the odor of smoke from the ovens.

'''refraction index''' 
Among other things a refraction index can be used to measure concentration (camps) and confirm purity (ethnic).

'''someone . . . whom Kit . . . assumed was a guard''' 
Error in grammar by Pynchon or, more charitably, introduced by a copy editor. Punctuating as ''someone who/whom (Kit assumed) was a guard'' makes the choice of pronoun clearer. Alternatively: did Kit assume someone? No, he assumed a proposition about someone: ''someone was a guard.'' When the subject of that is transformed to "who/whom" for the purpose of linking it into the sentence, it remains the subject: ''who was a guard.'' 
A quibble over a fine point? Yes, but Pynchon is renowned for his fine points, and this mistake seems to put him on a level with a news intern at a third-tier TV station. So let's consider this a teaching moment: ''Copy editors, don't impose your ignorance on good writers.''

'''''So Gut Wie Neu''''' 
German: as good as new.

'''Dirigible Field''' 
The inmates' occupational therapy is a disguise for constructing this landing facility.

'''a real Dirigible''' 
The inmates have established a cargo cult [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult Wikipedia article] or a [http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/ufos.html UFO cult.]

'''Doofland''' 
German ''doof'' means comically stupid (possibly an origin of English "doofus").

'''O Tempora, O Mores''' 
Latin: Oh, the times! Oh, the customs! (Was there really music under this title?)

Famous sentence by Cicero in his First Oration against Catiline, which means Oh the times! Oh the morals! In his opening speech against Catiline, who had previously tried to kill him, Cicero deplores the viciousness and corruption of his age. This sentence is now used as an exclamation to criticize present-day attitudes and trends, often jokingly. So, it is, indeed, an "old favorite"

'''The Black Whale of Askalon''' 
"Im Schwarzen Walfisch zu Askalon," comic song. The "Black Whale" is a tavern in the ancient Persian town of Askalon. [http://www.grainger.de/music/songs/schwarzenwalfisch.html A paraphrase of the lyrics.]

==Page 626==

'''the head of Jochanaan''' 
In Strauss' opera ''Salome'' the title character asks for and receives as tribute John the Baptist's head on a platter. John in the opera is called Jochanaan.

'''Richard Strauss's opera ''Salome'' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Richard Struass]]'s one-act opera ''Salome'' was performed first time in Dresden, Germany, on December 9, 1905. It was a sensation of the year 1905. The opera was based on the French play ''Salomé'' by Oscar Wilde. The time of action: about 30 A.D.; place of action: Jerusalem . . . for the story see [http://www.music.lv/opera/Salome/default_E.htm Salome].

'''the Five Jews''' 
In the middle of the opera ''Salome'' five Jews argued concerning the nature of God.

'''''Judeamus igitur, Judenes dum su-hu-mus''''' 
German university students used to sing ''Gaudeamus igitur, juvenes dum sumus'' ("Then let us be joyful while we are young men"); the melody forms the climax of Brahms' "Academic Festival" overture. Dr. Dingkopf, the Johnny One-Note of anti-Semitism, sings in bastard Latin, "Then let us Jew while we are Jews."

'''Ich Bin Ein Berliner''' 
JFK said "Ich bin ein Berliner" at the Berlin wall in 1963. According to Wikipedia, there is an urban legend: 
<blockquote>Kennedy should have said "Ich bin Berliner" to mean "I am a person from Berlin." By adding the indefinite article ein, his statement implied he was a non-human Berliner, thus "I am a jelly doughnut". The statement was followed by uproarious laughter.</blockquote> 
However, Wikipedia goes on to state: <blockquote>There is no grammatical error in Kennedy's statement; the indefinite article does not change its meaning. In German, the statement of origin "Ich bin ein Brandenburger" (I am a Brandenburger) is more common than "Ich bin Brandenburger" (I am Brandenburger), but both are correct. The article "ein" can be used as a form of emphasis: it implies "just one of many." As Kennedy did stress the "ein", the usage was, according to German linguist Jürgen Eichhoff [1], "not only correct, but the one and only correct way of expressing in German what the President intended to say."</blockquote> 
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:51, 19 December 2006 (PST)

And Kennedy's motto drew tumultuous cheers, not laughter; the Berliners had no trouble understanding what he meant.

Maybe a Simpsons connection as well:[http://www.anvari.org/fortune/Simpsons_Subtle_Allusions/9.html]

'''''Konditerei''''' 
German: pastry shop.

'''''Puderzucker''''' 
German: powdered sugar.

==Page 628==

'''Halfcourt? what kind of a name is that?''' 
This is Dingkopf speaking, in the context of his obsession with Jewish infiltration of British society. "What kind of a name is that?" has the subtext "Is that a ''Jewish'' name?"

'''''Der Wall''''' 
In German there are at least three words for "wall": ''Wand'' (the wall of a room), ''Mauer'' (a masonry wall) and ''Wall'' (a wall of a fortification). The infamous Berlin Wall was ''die Mauer.''

In this case 'der Wall' means the rampart on which the town wall stood. After this was razed in the 18. century a path was made on top of 'der Wall' along which Yashmeen and Kit take their walk.

'''dotted quarter rest''' 
Musical notation: brief pause.

==Page 629==

'''Hainberg''' 
Likely to be the Hainberg-Gymnasium at Göttingen http://hainberg-gymnasium.de/

'''Rheinpfalz''' 
A wine from the Rhine-Palatinate region in western Germany.

'''Deidesheimer...Herrgottsacker...Hofstück''' 
Three different wines.

'''do a bunk''' 
Flee.

==Page 630==

'''a Theosophist''' 
an adherent of theosophy professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation.

'''Sidney Reilly''' 
Sidney Reilly, aka The Ace of Spies--a real early 20th century British--and other--intelligence agent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Reilly].

'''hoosier''' 
Bumpkin; capitalized, it has a different meaning.

'''stans''' 
Countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkestan, etc.). Possible anachronism; term gained currency after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

No anachronism - in many central-asian languages (Pashtu, Dari, Farsi, etc.) '-stan' means 'land of', i.e. Afghanistan = Land of the Afghans, Nuristan = Land of Light, Frankistan = France, Germanistan = Germany, etc.

'''One Savile Row''' 
Seat of the Royal Geographical Society.

'''Kashgar''' 
Now called Kashi, a city in the extreme west of China; at the western end of the Taklimakan desert; a principal town of Chinese Turkestan. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar Kāshi (Kashgar)].

'''Auberon Halfcourt''' 
The name Auberon is derived from Oberon and related to Alberich, the dwarf in Wagner's ''Ring'' cycle. Half-court describes a reduced form of basketball. Another possible allusion (bit of a stretch, perhaps?) is to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberon_Herbert Auberon Herbert,] a British libertarian whom Benjamin Tucker described as "a true anarchist in everything but name."

==Page 631==

'''the recent Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 618|page 618:Anglio-Russian Entente]] of 1907 in which the spheres of influence in inner Asia were divided between Britain and Russia in order to keep Germany out of that region.

'''Baku and Johannesburg''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Johannesburg; Baku]].

'''One vision . . . spiritual, and the other, capitalist.''' 
Competing visions as to the significance of what lies buried beneath the sands in Central Asia. We have already seen a map that reflects [[ATD 243-272#Page 249|dual visions]] of the area. The Great Game competition shaping up in Asia is a continuation of a global 'metaphysical' conflict between materialist and integrationist tendencies.

'''lie doggo''' 
Go underground, maintain a low profile.

==Page 632==

'''Museum der Monstrositäten''' 
German: museum of monstrosities. ''Mathematical'' monstrosities.

'''motor diligence''' 
Motor taxi, as opposed to horse-drawn.

'''the Brocken''' 
The highest peak (3,750 ft) in the Harz Mountains in Germany. It is about 35 miles northeast of Göttingen. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brocken The Brocken]). 

Appears in ''GR'' where Slothrop and neophyte witch Geli Tripping encounter the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_329-336 Brockengespenst] p. 330. and ....

'''"An older Germany .... Deeper"''' 
Meaning pre-Christian Germany, as referenced earlier in the passage with the description 'witchlike'.

'''weapons somehow ''not yet decipherable''''' 
Rayguns.

==Page 633==

'''Knipfel...von Imbiss''' 
Neither one existed. Imbiss is German: snacks, fast food. *** I have a differing opinion: Knipfel is Jim Knipfel. Thomas Pynchon has read Knipfel's memoirs, enjoyed them, and blurbed them.

'''''Weierstrass Functions''''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable]].

'''''Russell's Letter''''' 
Russell's letter of June 16, 1902. (see below "Poor Frege . . .").

'''''the Set of All Sets That Are Not Members of Themselves''''' 
Russell Paradox. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 538|page 538:Bertie Russell]].

'''''parallax effect''''' 
the apparent shift of an object against a background due to a change in observer's position.

'''Poor Frege . . . about to publish his book . . .''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Frege.html Gottlob Frege] (1848-1925) was a German mathematician. He was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic putting forward the view that mathematics is reducible to logic. 
In 1893 Frege published his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 1'' in which he axiomatized arithmetic with an intuitive collection of axioms. While his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 2'' was at the printer, Frege received a letter (June 16, 1902) from Bertrand Russell in which Russell pointed out that the ''Russell Paradox'' gave a contradiction in Frege's system of axioms.

'''''Kot!''''' 
German: shit.

'''Crotona in Magna Grecia''' 
Crotona is the old Latin name of the Italian city [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotone Crotone] in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto. Ancient Crotona was long one of the most flourishing cities of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Graecia Magna Grecia] (Latin for ''Greater Greece''), the area in Southern Italy colonised by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC. Pythagoras went to Crotona at the age of 40 and most of his philosophical activities occurred there.

'''Hilbeert . . . August . . . in 1900 . . . International Congress . . . "Paris Problems" 
Paris Problems = Hilbert's Problems. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 604|page 604:the outstanding problems in mathematics]].

'''''zone of dual nature''''' 
One place that is two places: this peculiar Pynchonian form of bilocation again.

'''part "real"...part "pictorial" or let us say "fictional"''' 
Complex numbers are made up of a real number and an imaginary number (e.g "one plus the square root of negative one"), as AtD is made up of real and imaginary (fictional) parts, the effect of which (continuing into P.635) is described as "taking one beyond four dimensional environs...out into a timeless region..." This seems to be the goal of the protagonists, the author, and the reader.

==Page 634==

'''''Mengenlehre''''' 
German: set theory.

'''one is thrust . . . into a timeless region''' 
Like one of those funhouse rooms where gravity is reversed.

'''ZU DEN QUATERNIONEN''' 
German railway stations all have a big sign: ZU DEN ZÜGEN, to the trains. Here it's to the quaternions.

Not sure about the train connection, it reminded me rather of signs found in zoos or circus sideshows pointing to the major attractions (e.g. "Zu den Löwen" - "[This way] To the lions"). [[User:WolfgangFaber|WolfgangFaber]] 14:35, 11 October 2008 (PDT)

'''Nernst light''' 
Light from [[ATD_429-459#Page 437|page 437:Nernst Lamp]].

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 561|page 561:Brougham Bridge]].

'''complex knife''' 
"part real and part imaginary", and there is a "real" reproduction nearby. These are ''aides memoires'', inspirations--perhaps the dimensions beyond are literally located in imagination, mental spaces.

'''Sofia Kovalevskaia and . . . Weierstrass''' 
From 1870 Weierstrass was Kovalevskaia's mathematics tutor in Berlin. He gave Kovalevskaia private lessons twice a week for four years. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia]]. 
Here, as on page 500, there is a hint of romantic involvement between the teacher and the student.

'''Lebesgue''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lebesgue.html Henri Lebesgue] (1875-1941) was a French mathematician. He formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and the following year he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral.

'''"surface devoid of tangent planes"''' 
In other words, discontinuous functions. 
Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions based largely on the Riemann method of integration. However, in 1902, Lebesgue extended the concept of the area below a curve to include many ''discontinuous functions'' and thus generalised the notion of the Riemann integral and revolutionised th eintegral calculus.

'''. . . everywhere continuous and nowhere differentiable''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiabl, Weierstrass function]] and [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crsis in mathematics]].

==Page 635==

'''The Kaiser now seeks in Mexico . . . opportunities for mischief toward the U.S.''' 
Now and for years to come: America's entry into World War One was spurred in part by the Kaiser's offer to return part of the Southwest to Mexico.

'''''Rosinenkacker''''' 
German: one who shits raisins. More commonly "Korinthenkacker", insulting term for a very pedantic person.

'''a world line...never travel''' 
A world line is a tensor, a four-dimensional vector through space ''and'' time, therefore a history. Here Gunther is describing the closing off of his future possibilities. In quantum theory observation causes possible states to 'collapse' into one measured state; hence, the past observed from the present is deterministic (it has only one possible state), but the present observed from the past has many possible states until our actions cause it to collapse into one state. Our actions will then be seen to have been inevitable, a world line [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel]. Hence: "Ach, das Schiksal".

'''''Ach, das Schicksal''''' 
German: ah, fate.

'''chloral to coffee''' 
A depressant to a stimulant, antipodal (opposite) effects on neuronal function. 

'''that terrible ecstasy known to result from unmediated observation of the beautiful''' 
Cf. Rilke, First Duino Elegy:
"For beauty is nothing but
the beginning of terror, that we are still able to bear,
and we revere it so, because it calmly disdains
to destroy us. Every Angel is terror." 
Rilke features strongly in V and GR (with Weissmann/Blicero). The idea that 'the sublime' involves an element of terror is fundamental to Romanticism.

May also be an allusion to what is known as "Stendhal Syndrome" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal_syndrome], a psychosomatic illness that causes rapid heartbeat, dizziness, confusion and even hallucinations when an individual is exposed to art, usually when the art is particularly 'beautiful' or a large amount of art is in a single place. The term can also be used to describe a similar reaction to a surfeit of choice in other circumstances, e.g. when confronted with immense beauty in the natural world. It is said that a lot of tourists who visit Florence and Venice experience it.

==Page 636==

'''Children''' 
The preceding sections are a concise, riotous, poignant summary of life at an institute of higher learning; students and to some extent faculty are, notoriously, children at play. Yashmeen, Kit and Gunther are graduating, without diplomas but going out of the hothouse atmosphere of the University into the "real world". But given the preceding 5 pages, how real is that? 
But this is not so much about the University as about 'the Museum' on the Brocken, and the issue is really who is speaking. Who would feel qualified to call them 'children'? They're in a 'strange, underground temple' and the Brocken is an ancient, magical place. Associated especially with witches and 'the Spectre of the Brocken', an aerial phenomenon that resembles a human figure (actually the shadow of the viewer on the mist).

'''The next time you visit...''' 
The University never looks the same after graduation; also, nothing ever does: Heraclitus' dictum that no man ever steps in the same river twice. Time (''pace'' Proust) cannot be reclaimed (even if you can find the tesseract's entrance again)because even if you go back in time, you are not the same person you were; you have been changed by experience. 
Again, it's 'the Museum' that's closing. This isn't the Museum of Professor Klein at the University, mentioned on p. 632, it's a 'nocturnal equivalent' out on the Brocken.

'''"You know who I am."''' 
Cf. Leonard Cohen:
"You know who I am, you've stared at the sun.
I am the one who loves changing from nothing to one."
Some sort of god of mathematics, the curator of the museum?
The Spectre of the Brocken (seen by Slothrop and Geli in GR)? Rilke's angel, the terrible ecstasy referred to on p. 635? All three? 
Another possibility: the author. After all, the characters are his 'children', his creations. And in a fiction, the author is God. The Museum that he's closing isn't only a museum of mathematics, it's a musuem of ''narratives'' about mathematics.

==Page 637==

'''caldo tlapeno''' 
Mexican chicken vegetable soup.

'''Tampico''' 
Tampico means "the place of the otters". As a city, it is Mexico's second most important commercial port along the Gulf of Mexico, is located on the southeastern tip of Tamaulipas. The State of Tamaulipas is on the northeast side of Mexico directly south of Texas; but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampico Tampico] is about 300 miles from the US border.

'''Chiapas''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas Chiapas] is a poor and largely agricultural stat in the southeast of Mexico. It is best known for its 1994 Zapatista movement.

'''"El Atildado"''' 
Spanish: the neat man. But it also suggests "the man marked with a tilde" (see page 600). When reading this passage aloud, think about how to stress the word "also" in "a gift Günther von Quassel had ''also'' been blessed with."

(In mathematical notation, the tilde "~" means "approximately" or "is proportional to," depending on country.)

==Page 638==

'''''Bohnen''''' 
German: beans

'''Maragogype''' 
As Gunther says, a variety of coffee bean, large in size, grown in Mexico and Central America [http://coffeeplus.com.au/coffees/7443.html].

'''Arbuckles''' 
Not only a brand of coffee, but a method of preparation also known as "Cowboy Coffee" similar to Turkish/Greek coffee in one boils the grounds in the water [http://www.ineedcoffee.com/02/04/cowboycoffee/]. Synonymous here with "plain old, unfancified coffee"--perhaps a swipe at 21st century coffee gourmets and at Starbucks. Another paramorphic-mirror image of the early 21st century in the early 20th. 
Cowhands expected their coffee to be ‘brown gargle”, hot, black, strong and thick enough to float a six shooter in. 
It's really, really hard to equate cowboy coffee to Greek coffee. Greek (Turkish, Serbian) coffee is made from beans ground to powder and boiled for a few seconds, usually in sugar syrup. Grounds in the cup are a virtue. Cowboy coffee starts as coarse grounds, which are boiled for several minutes (or, heaven help us, longer) and often "refined" with eggshells, which cause the grounds to settle out.

'''''cafetalero''''' 
Perhaps as in ''pistolero''; i.e. a barrista.

more likely translates as "coffee man"

'''''el otro lado''''' 
Spanish: the other side (in one sense or other).

'''bucket shop''' 
A stock swindle, in which one set of trades is reported to the customer, while the brokerage is really using the money in other, usually riskier trades ("bucketing"). A place where the public could bet on the daily motions of stock prices before 1929 and before the advent of instant stock quotes via the Internet.

Given the year, this may be related to the Panic of 1907. Steve/Ramon bought stocks on margin and when they went south he was slammed.

'''flimming''' 
Probably = indulging in flimflam (fraud, swindles)

'''''norte''''' 
north wind.

'''Plaza de Toros''' 
A bullring.

'''[S]louching away into the yellow opacity, he invited them all up to a wingding [...] that evening.''' 
Compare with T.S. Eliot's ''Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'':

<blockquote>
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes 
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening</blockquote>
[[User:Bean|remy]] 09:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

==Page 639==

'''Rio Bravo''' 
Mexican name for the river known in the US as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande Rio Grande].

'''Ramos gin fizzes''' 
The original [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/ramos-gin-fizz.html Ramos gin fizz] was invented in the 1880s by Henry C. Ramos, in his bar at Meyer's Restaurant, this is one of New Orleans' most famous drinks.

'''jungles of Tehuantepec''' 
Jungles of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec The Isthmus of Tehuantepec] in Mexico. The isthmus represents the shortest distance between the Guld of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

'''unnatural boom''' 
Another paramorphic mirroring of the 21st/20th centuries; tech stock boom/bust of ~2000.

'''Baku''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Baku]].

'''skeeters''' 
mosquitoes

'''adios ''chingamadre''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, motherfucker.

==Page 640==

'''Valkyrie''' 
In Norse mythology the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie Valkyries] are minor female deities.

'''Mondragón semiautomatics''' 
A self-loading rifle designed and patented by Mexican General Mondragón in 1896 — so it was only 10 years ago. It's magazine capacity was of 8-round or 10-round box, or later 30-round drum (for German service). For a picture of the refined 1908 model and its 1907 patent see [http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl26-e.htm Mondgragón M1908 rifle].

'''Springfield''' 
An American magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle Springfield].

'''Schnecken rigs''' 
A possible anachronism, but it is hard to be sure. The German word ''Schnecken'' in the small-arms context (''Schneckenmagazin'') refers to what's called a "cylindrical magazine" in English. The best-known weapon using this magazine is the Russian PP-19 Bison submachine gun, but the Bison is based in part on Kalashnikov technology and hence could not have been developed until after World War II. [http://88.198.24.206/invisionboard/lofiversion/index.php/t20170.html The definitive online information] on the Bison not only identifies it as using the ''Schneckenmagazin'' but also contains excellent cutaway drawings of the "helical feed" system; use your browser's search function to find the word Bison. [http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg08-e.htm This page] has a photo and specs in English. The Schnecken rig is definitely ''not'' the drum magazine used with the American Thompson submachine gun in the 1920s.

'''anti-Porfiristas''' 
Opponents of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, hence left wing. Eventually, ten years later, to become the Mexican Revolution led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

'''the Pánuco''' 
''Río Pánuco'', a river in Veracruz state, east-central Mexico. It is formed by the junction of the Moctezuma and Tamuín rivers on the San Luis Potosí-Veracruz state line, the Pánuco meanders generally east-northeastward past the town of Pánuco to the Guld of Mexico about 6 miles below Tampico.

==Page 641==

'''Mondragóns will get you through''' 
Echoes the wonderful 1970s slogan "Dope will get you through times of no money better than money will get you through times of no dope."

'''hidalgo''' 
Coin with a portrait of Miguel Hidalgo (1753 – 1811), hero of the Mexican war of independence against Spain.

'''''este . . . perdón''''' 
this . . . sorry

==Page 642==

'''La Fotinga Huasteca''' 
''Fotinga'' is Spanish: jalopy. ''Huasteca'' is a region of the Sierra Madre Oriental north of San Luis Potosí. A local equivalent to "Tijuana Taxi"?

'''''batería''''' 
Spanish: battery (collection of percussion instruments).

'''[T]hat dirty li'l back-shootin Bob Ford.''' 
Ford shot notorious outlaw Jesse James in the back on April 3, 1882; Ford himself was shotgunned to death in 1892. The event inspired one Billy Gashade to pen the verse that became the popular folk ballad "Jesse James," recorded by Pete Seeger, Bruce Springsteen, and many others. 
[[User:bnilsson|bnilsson]] 01:41, 2 January 2007 (EDT)

'''''resentimientos''''' 
resentments.

'''eight seconds . . . rodeo''' 
A bull rider must stay aboard for eight seconds to score.

'''cerverzas Bohemias''' 
Bohemias (brand) beers, a Mexican beer.

'''Cuervo Extra''' 
a kind of tequila ?

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Cuervo José Cuervo] is a well-known brand of tequila; the wikipedia does not mention ''Extra'' but ''Especial''.

==Page 643==

'''''frontera''''' 
Spanish: frontier.

'''drygulched''' 
Ambushed, betrayed.

'''Krag-Jorgensens''' 
Repeating-bolt-action rifles designed by the Norwegians Ole Krag and Erik Jorgensen in late 19th century (1886). From 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krag-J%C3%B8rgensen Krag-Jorgensens] were used by the United States army as standard arms. And now it is a popular collector item.

'''Juárez''' 
''Ciudad Juárez'', or simply ''Juárez'', is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It stands on the Rio Grande across the border from El Paso, Texas. [http://www.juarez-mexico.com/ Juárez] is the major port of entry and trnasportation center of north central Mexico.

'''''Vaya con Dios, pendejo''''' 
Spanish: Go with God, asshole.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 615-643

2008-10-11T21:35:50Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 634 */ comment on "zu den Quaternionen"

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 615==

'''''Kreditbrief''''' 
German: letter of credit.

==Page 616==

'''Auditorienhaus''' 
Building housing auditoriums (and in this case a library).

'''Riemann's ''Habilitationsschrift''''' 
In Germany a new faculty member presents a lecture or, in this case, a thesis on taking up office. 
Riemann's lecture, ''On the Hypotheses that Lie at the Foundation of Geometry'', delivered on June 10, 1854. It became a classic of mathematics.

The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation Habilitation] is actually a formal process for giving a person the right to teach university courses independently (i.e. without a formal assignment) and supervise doctoral candidates. This right is usually referred to as venia docendi or venia legendi in Germany. The process consists of delivering a thesis (Habilitationsschrift) and giving a lecture.

'''the 1859 paper on primes''' 
In August 1859 Riemann presented a paper, ''On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity'', to the Berlin Academy of Science. In the middle of that paper he made what later was called the ''Riemann Hypothesis'' (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:conjecture]]). Today, after nearly 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, it remains unproved.

'''''Achphänomen''''' 
German: the "aha" phenomenon.

'''''Tchetvyortoye Izmereniye''''' 
Today more likely transliterated ''Chetvertoe izmerenie.'' Russian: (the) fourth dimension.

'''''"Yob tvoyu mat'"''''' 
Russian: Fuck your mother. It's as impolite as it looks, but used way more often than in English.

'''Otzovists''' 
A splinter Bolshevik faction. The name comes from the noun ''otzyv'' meaning "recall"; it does not mean "god-builders." The group (existing under this name only in 1908-9) demanded the recall of Social Democrats from the national legislature.

'''Lenin''' 
[http://www.bartleby.com/65/le/Lenin-Vl.html Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov aka Lenin] (1870-1924), Russian revolutionary and founder of Bolshevism and the major force behind the October Revolution, 1917. He studied law at Kazan University but only practiced law for a couple of years before becoming a professional revolutionary. He was arrested in 1895 for his opinions and activities, and was exiled to Siberia in 1897 for three years. At the end of his exile he went to Switzerland in 1900 and became the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1903, and returned to Russia in 1905 during the 1905 Revolution. He left Russia in 1907 and only returned in April, 1917 with Germany's connivance. Lenin inaugurated the ''dictatorship of the proletariat'' after the October Revolution. He died on January 21, 1924 and became the demi-god of the Soviet Union. According to ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'' (1988) Lenin was "shrewd, dynamic, im[placable, pedantic, opportunist, as ice-cold in his economic reasoning as in his impersonal political hatreds that could encompass millions. . . . He inspired in the name of democracy a despotism boundless in the power of its ambition and sense of destiny.''

'''Bolshevists''' 
Commonly called ''Bolsheviks''. At the Second Congress of the Russia's Social Democratic Labor Party in August, 1903 there was a dispute between Lenin and Martov, two of the party's leaders. Lenin argued for a small party of highly disciplined, centralized and dedicated professional revolutionary elites with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters. Martov disagreed believing it was better to have a mass party of activists. At the end of the debate Lenin won a narrow victory: 28 to 23 (the only time in the party history up to then Lenin had a majority behind him). From then on, the Party was split into Lenin's faction called themselves ''Bolsheviks'' (majority) and Martov's faction known as ''Mensheviks'' (minority). The split became permanent as both groups' policy and practice diverged more and more. In 1912, Lenin's Bolsheviks faction formed a separate Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) which in 1918, after they came to power, changed its name to All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). It finally became Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1952 which was dissolved in 1991.

'''anti-Materialist''' 
Marxism belongs to the materialist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism] strain of the Western philosophical tradition, stating that the only objective reality is matter. The orthodox Marxist doctrine is divided into historical materialism (which claims that changes of society and even the non-material "superstructure" are determined by economical processes, and thus materially caused); and dialectical materialism, proposed by Engels and then Lenin, which is basically a philosophy of nature combined with a rather crude gnoseology. The latter maintains that matter is the only substance and it is inherently and objectively dialectical in nature, i.e. it is in constant development due to the interactions of conflicting forces on all levels. An anti-Materialist (like Mach, who was denounced as a "subjective Idealist") is one who is against such belief.

'''Mach''' 
Austrian physicist and philosopher. A strong critic of Newtonian absolute time and absolute space. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:Ernst Mach]] (1838-1916). He was the target of Lenin's attack in his best-known attempt to create a Marxist philosophy (in the technical sense), ''Materialism and Empiriocriticism''.

'''Ouspensky''' 
Russian mystic and author of ''The Fourth Dimension''. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 602|page 602:Young Ouspensky]] (1878-1947).

==Page 617==

'''above this galley-slave repetition of days''' 
ATD motif i.e. rebel against the quotidian day.

'''the already seen''' 
. . . which we know better under the French term ''déjà vu.''

'''Staring at the wallpaper.''' 
A parallel to Kovalevskaya, whose father used Ostrogradsky notes to cover
the walls. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaia wiki].

'''''i, j,'' and ''k'', the unit vectors''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526:Gibbsian Vectors]].

==Page 618==

'''''Schnitte''''' 
Plural of ''Schnitt.'' German: cuts.

'''multiply-connected spaces''' 
In topology, geometrical objects or spaces are connected but not simply connected are called multiply-connected spaces. In mathematics, a geometrical object or space is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply-connected simply connected] if it consists of one piece and doesn't have any "holes" that pass all the way through it. For example, neither a doughout nor a coffee cup with handle is simply connected, and so both are [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MultiplyConnected.html multiply connected]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply_connected Also see Wikipedia] for a fine, relatively nontechnical explanation. Sea-ice and Venice were described as multiply connected spaces on [[ATD_119-148#Page_136|p. 136.]]

''''vector space'''' 
In mathematics, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space vector space] is a collection of objects, vectors, that may be scaled and added.

'''space of higher dimensionality''' 
Hypersphere. A four-dimensional hypersphere is currently considered the possible shape of our universe. (A 4-D hypersphere is to a 3-D sphere, what a 3-D sphere is to a circle.) In mathematics, [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hypersphere.html Hypersphere] can be n-dimensional with n = 4 and greater. Also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersphere Hypersphere of Wiki Entry].

'''''nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing, "it doesn't matter".

'''if it doesn't work with gold, the next step will be lead''' 
Cowboy alchemy. If you can't settle your dispute with money, you will have to shoot it out. There's a reference to this process on page 105.

'''it's this damned English practice of talking in code''' 
Refers to commonly noted English cultural tendency to avoid direct expression in conversation.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
The Britain and Russia settled a number of differences in Asia. And with both countries concerned about Germany but friendly with France they concluded the Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg. It defined their respective spheres of interest in Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet, with Russia taking the northern areas of Persia and Britain taking the Persian Guld area in the south. Its primary aim was to keep Germany out of that region.

==Page 619==

'''''Bierstube''''' 
German: tavern, beer hall.

==Page 620==

'''''akousmaton''''' 
In ''AtD'' the plural ''akousmata'' occurs more often. [[A|Look it up in the alphabetical "A" page.]]

'''eidolon''' 
From Greek: image, picture.

'''minié ball''' 
Rifle bullet with a conical head used in muzzle-loading firearms. [[ATD_97-118#Page_101|See the fuller annotation on p. 101.]]

'''Zirconium''' 
A steel-gray hard ductile metallic element with a high melting point that occurs widely in combined form, is highly resistant to corrosion, and is used especially in alloys and in refractories and ceramics. 
Zirconium is often confused with ''zircon'' and even more often with ''zirconia.'' Zircon is a gemstone consisting chiefly of zirconium silicate. Zirconia is the oxide of zirconium. "Cubic zirconia" became a popular surrogate gem a couple of decades ago.

'''galena''' 
a bluish-gray cubic mineral with metallic luster consisting of lead sulfide and constituting the principal ore of lead.

==Page 621==

'''Reckon ''yo tengo que'' get ''el'' fuck out of ''aquí''''' 
Macaronic Spanish/English: Reckon I'd better get the fuck out of here. 
Kit said the same thing when he decided to leave Yale (page 318).

'''''Zum Mickifest! Komm, komm!''''' 
German: To the Mickey party, come, come! "Mickey Finn" = knockout drops such as chloral hydrate (see any film noir).

'''''K.O.-Tropfen''''' 
German: K.O. (= knockout) drops.

==Page 622==

'''Group-theoretical implications''' 
Introductions to group theory often use "symmetry under rotation" as an illustration. You can rotate a square 90 degrees and get the same square, and likewise 180 and 270 degrees, so the square has fourfold symmetry. Here Gottlob applies a similar concept to the printed words ''pun'' and ''und,'' which alternate with every 180 degree rotation.

'''rhonchus''' 
a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partly obstructed.

'''''Gottlob! Wo ist deine Spritze?''''' 
German: Gottlob, where is your syringe?

'''''"Streng reserviert für den Elefanten!"''''' 
German: Strictly reserved for the elephant (not elephants).

==Page 623==

'''strychnine''' 
a bitter poisonous alkaloid that is obtained from ''nux vomica'' and related plants, and is used as a poison (as for rodents) and medicinally as a stimulant of the central nervous system.

'''Noncommutative . . . Asymmetric''' 
A relation like "cures" is ''commutative'' if "A cures B" implies that "B cures A" and vice versa. Here the situation is fuzzier because a total cure is not at issue: "Chloral alleviates the effects of strychnine" and "Strychnine alleviates the effects of chloral" are both true, so ''noncommutative'' doesn't quite apply, but one is more true than the other, so ''asymmetric'' is a better choice of word.

'''''Verfluchte cowboy!''''' 
German: Damn cowboy! (should be ''Verfluchter Cowboy'')

'''''Achtung, Schwester!''''' 
German: Hey, Nurse!

'''''Klapsmühle''''' 
German: nut factory. (''Er hat einen Klaps'' means "He's nutty"; ''Mühle'' is a mill.)

'''one of his canonical outfits''' 
"Canonicals" is a term for priestly vestments. 
But also, in the psychology of perception, means 'typical' or 'most easily recognised as'

'''Dr. Willi Dingkopf''' 
German: Thinghead. Possibly, given other meanings of "thing", Dickhead.

==Page 624==

'''''Hebraic''''' 
Jewish.

'''you are not ''also Hebraic''''' 
Anti-Semitic Dingkopf considered Kit Jewish by his name ''Traverse''.

'''Jew Cantor, the ''Beast of Halle'', . . . to demolish the very foundations of mathematics''' 
Greg Cantor (1845-1918) taught mathematics at University of Halle from 1869-1918. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 593|page 593:Greg Cantor]]). He introduced the concepts of infinity and continuum into mathematics and thus brought about one of mathematical crises mentioned on page 594. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]]). 
Dingkopf regarded Greg Cantor Jewish by his name ''Cantor''.

==Page 625==

'''"Cantor is a practicing Lutheran." "With a name like that? Please." 
Dingkopf hears the name and obsessively thinks of the many Polish Jewish families that bear it. But the connection is not as strong as he surmises: The church of St. Thomas (Thomaskirche) in Leipzig had a staff member called Cantor or Kantor, and noted practicing Lutheran Johann Sebastian Bach held the position in his prime years. Cantor/Lutheran is not an absurdity.

''Cantor'' just means ''singer'' in Latin, and it has been used for persons who have a singing part in both Jewish and Christian (and possibly other) rites.

'''"Dr Hilbert . . ." "Dr. . . . ''David'' Hilbert"''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page324:David Hilbet]] (1862-1943), a German mathematician. Again, Dingkopf regarded him as Jewish because of his name, ''David''.

'''''Kolonie''''' 
German: colony, compound.

'''Invisibilism''' 
The principles of this (apparently) fictional school of design bring to mind Buckminster Fuller's concept of '''ephemeralization''', which notes that as design and technology improve -- "the more ''rationally'' a structure was designed" -- the more that can be done with less, process waste converges toward zero and things become physically smaller, "less visible...to the point" -- the "Penultimate Term" -- of being all but invisible. A simple example, the telephone cord is quickly disappearing as we go to cordless phones, and transistors "grow" smaller and smaller as a corollary to Moore's law. The principle of ephemeralization can be applied to design, construction, transportation, computer and other technologies and tools.

'''into its own metastructure''' 
A German SAP engineer once explained "we control complexity through abstraction."

'''one is left with only traces in the world, a few tangles of barbed wire''' 
The Invisibilist principles are paramorphosized into a future of kolonies where only the barbed wire outlines are visible. Within the context of antisemitism in the preceding paragraphs, the text is moving from kolonies to concentration camps, concentration camps empty perhaps except for the traces of consciousness remaining, outlined in barbed wire, the plan-view of, not the Penultimate Term, but the Final Solution.

'''certain odors''' 
cf. p. 408
This has less to do with Proust and involutary memory than with "perhaps certain ''odors''[Italicized in the original] steming from a few tangles of barbed wire upwind, a wind "which itself possesses now the same index of refracton as the departed Structure..." As is explained to Kit by someone in a guard's uniform who may not actually be a guard. That certain odor seems to be the odor of smoke from the ovens.

'''refraction index''' 
Among other things a refraction index can be used to measure concentration (camps) and confirm purity (ethnic).

'''someone . . . whom Kit . . . assumed was a guard''' 
Error in grammar by Pynchon or, more charitably, introduced by a copy editor. Punctuating as ''someone who/whom (Kit assumed) was a guard'' makes the choice of pronoun clearer. Alternatively: did Kit assume someone? No, he assumed a proposition about someone: ''someone was a guard.'' When the subject of that is transformed to "who/whom" for the purpose of linking it into the sentence, it remains the subject: ''who was a guard.'' 
A quibble over a fine point? Yes, but Pynchon is renowned for his fine points, and this mistake seems to put him on a level with a news intern at a third-tier TV station. So let's consider this a teaching moment: ''Copy editors, don't impose your ignorance on good writers.''

'''''So Gut Wie Neu''''' 
German: as good as new.

'''Dirigible Field''' 
The inmates' occupational therapy is a disguise for constructing this landing facility.

'''a real Dirigible''' 
The inmates have established a cargo cult [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult Wikipedia article] or a [http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/ufos.html UFO cult.]

'''Doofland''' 
German ''doof'' means comically stupid (possibly an origin of English "doofus").

'''O Tempora, O Mores''' 
Latin: Oh, the times! Oh, the customs! (Was there really music under this title?)

Famous sentence by Cicero in his First Oration against Catiline, which means Oh the times! Oh the morals! In his opening speech against Catiline, who had previously tried to kill him, Cicero deplores the viciousness and corruption of his age. This sentence is now used as an exclamation to criticize present-day attitudes and trends, often jokingly. So, it is, indeed, an "old favorite"

'''The Black Whale of Askalon''' 
"Im Schwarzen Walfisch zu Askalon," comic song. The "Black Whale" is a tavern in the ancient Persian town of Askalon. [http://www.grainger.de/music/songs/schwarzenwalfisch.html A paraphrase of the lyrics.]

==Page 626==

'''the head of Jochanaan''' 
In Strauss' opera ''Salome'' the title character asks for and receives as tribute John the Baptist's head on a platter. John in the opera is called Jochanaan.

'''Richard Strauss's opera ''Salome'' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Richard Struass]]'s one-act opera ''Salome'' was performed first time in Dresden, Germany, on December 9, 1905. It was a sensation of the year 1905. The opera was based on the French play ''Salomé'' by Oscar Wilde. The time of action: about 30 A.D.; place of action: Jerusalem . . . for the story see [http://www.music.lv/opera/Salome/default_E.htm Salome].

'''the Five Jews''' 
In the middle of the opera ''Salome'' five Jews argued concerning the nature of God.

'''''Judeamus igitur, Judenes dum su-hu-mus''''' 
German university students used to sing ''Gaudeamus igitur, juvenes dum sumus'' ("Then let us be joyful while we are young men"); the melody forms the climax of Brahms' "Academic Festival" overture. Dr. Dingkopf, the Johnny One-Note of anti-Semitism, sings in bastard Latin, "Then let us Jew while we are Jews."

'''Ich Bin Ein Berliner''' 
JFK said "Ich bin ein Berliner" at the Berlin wall in 1963. According to Wikipedia, there is an urban legend: 
<blockquote>Kennedy should have said "Ich bin Berliner" to mean "I am a person from Berlin." By adding the indefinite article ein, his statement implied he was a non-human Berliner, thus "I am a jelly doughnut". The statement was followed by uproarious laughter.</blockquote> 
However, Wikipedia goes on to state: <blockquote>There is no grammatical error in Kennedy's statement; the indefinite article does not change its meaning. In German, the statement of origin "Ich bin ein Brandenburger" (I am a Brandenburger) is more common than "Ich bin Brandenburger" (I am Brandenburger), but both are correct. The article "ein" can be used as a form of emphasis: it implies "just one of many." As Kennedy did stress the "ein", the usage was, according to German linguist Jürgen Eichhoff [1], "not only correct, but the one and only correct way of expressing in German what the President intended to say."</blockquote> 
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:51, 19 December 2006 (PST)

And Kennedy's motto drew tumultuous cheers, not laughter; the Berliners had no trouble understanding what he meant.

Maybe a Simpsons connection as well:[http://www.anvari.org/fortune/Simpsons_Subtle_Allusions/9.html]

'''''Konditerei''''' 
German: pastry shop.

'''''Puderzucker''''' 
German: powdered sugar.

==Page 628==

'''Halfcourt? what kind of a name is that?''' 
This is Dingkopf speaking, in the context of his obsession with Jewish infiltration of British society. "What kind of a name is that?" has the subtext "Is that a ''Jewish'' name?"

'''''Der Wall''''' 
In German there are at least three words for "wall": ''Wand'' (the wall of a room), ''Mauer'' (a masonry wall) and ''Wall'' (a wall of a fortification). The infamous Berlin Wall was ''die Mauer.''

In this case 'der Wall' means the rampart on which the town wall stood. After this was razed in the 18. century a path was made on top of 'der Wall' along which Yashmeen and Kit take their walk.

'''dotted quarter rest''' 
Musical notation: brief pause.

==Page 629==

'''Hainberg''' 
Likely to be the Hainberg-Gymnasium at Göttingen http://hainberg-gymnasium.de/

'''Rheinpfalz''' 
A wine from the Rhine-Palatinate region in western Germany.

'''Deidesheimer...Herrgottsacker...Hofstück''' 
Three different wines.

'''do a bunk''' 
Flee.

==Page 630==

'''a Theosophist''' 
an adherent of theosophy professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation.

'''Sidney Reilly''' 
Sidney Reilly, aka The Ace of Spies--a real early 20th century British--and other--intelligence agent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Reilly].

'''hoosier''' 
Bumpkin; capitalized, it has a different meaning.

'''stans''' 
Countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkestan, etc.). Possible anachronism; term gained currency after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

No anachronism - in many central-asian languages (Pashtu, Dari, Farsi, etc.) '-stan' means 'land of', i.e. Afghanistan = Land of the Afghans, Nuristan = Land of Light, Frankistan = France, Germanistan = Germany, etc.

'''One Savile Row''' 
Seat of the Royal Geographical Society.

'''Kashgar''' 
Now called Kashi, a city in the extreme west of China; at the western end of the Taklimakan desert; a principal town of Chinese Turkestan. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar Kāshi (Kashgar)].

'''Auberon Halfcourt''' 
The name Auberon is derived from Oberon and related to Alberich, the dwarf in Wagner's ''Ring'' cycle. Half-court describes a reduced form of basketball. Another possible allusion (bit of a stretch, perhaps?) is to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberon_Herbert Auberon Herbert,] a British libertarian whom Benjamin Tucker described as "a true anarchist in everything but name."

==Page 631==

'''the recent Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 618|page 618:Anglio-Russian Entente]] of 1907 in which the spheres of influence in inner Asia were divided between Britain and Russia in order to keep Germany out of that region.

'''Baku and Johannesburg''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Johannesburg; Baku]].

'''One vision . . . spiritual, and the other, capitalist.''' 
Competing visions as to the significance of what lies buried beneath the sands in Central Asia. We have already seen a map that reflects [[ATD 243-272#Page 249|dual visions]] of the area. The Great Game competition shaping up in Asia is a continuation of a global 'metaphysical' conflict between materialist and integrationist tendencies.

'''lie doggo''' 
Go underground, maintain a low profile.

==Page 632==

'''Museum der Monstrositäten''' 
German: museum of monstrosities. ''Mathematical'' monstrosities.

'''motor diligence''' 
Motor taxi, as opposed to horse-drawn.

'''the Brocken''' 
The highest peak (3,750 ft) in the Harz Mountains in Germany. It is about 35 miles northeast of Göttingen. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brocken The Brocken]). 

Appears in ''GR'' where Slothrop and neophyte witch Geli Tripping encounter the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_329-336 Brockengespenst] p. 330. and ....

'''"An older Germany .... Deeper"''' 
Meaning pre-Christian Germany, as referenced earlier in the passage with the description 'witchlike'.

'''weapons somehow ''not yet decipherable''''' 
Rayguns.

==Page 633==

'''Knipfel...von Imbiss''' 
Neither one existed. Imbiss is German: snacks, fast food. *** I have a differing opinion: Knipfel is Jim Knipfel. Thomas Pynchon has read Knipfel's memoirs, enjoyed them, and blurbed them.

'''''Weierstrass Functions''''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable]].

'''''Russell's Letter''''' 
Russell's letter of June 16, 1902. (see below "Poor Frege . . .").

'''''the Set of All Sets That Are Not Members of Themselves''''' 
Russell Paradox. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 538|page 538:Bertie Russell]].

'''''parallax effect''''' 
the apparent shift of an object against a background due to a change in observer's position.

'''Poor Frege . . . about to publish his book . . .''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Frege.html Gottlob Frege] (1848-1925) was a German mathematician. He was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic putting forward the view that mathematics is reducible to logic. 
In 1893 Frege published his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 1'' in which he axiomatized arithmetic with an intuitive collection of axioms. While his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 2'' was at the printer, Frege received a letter (June 16, 1902) from Bertrand Russell in which Russell pointed out that the ''Russell Paradox'' gave a contradiction in Frege's system of axioms.

'''''Kot!''''' 
German: shit.

'''Crotona in Magna Grecia''' 
Crotona is the old Latin name of the Italian city [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotone Crotone] in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto. Ancient Crotona was long one of the most flourishing cities of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Graecia Magna Grecia] (Latin for ''Greater Greece''), the area in Southern Italy colonised by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC. Pythagoras went to Crotona at the age of 40 and most of his philosophical activities occurred there.

'''Hilbeert . . . August . . . in 1900 . . . International Congress . . . "Paris Problems" 
Paris Problems = Hilbert's Problems. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 604|page 604:the outstanding problems in mathematics]].

'''''zone of dual nature''''' 
One place that is two places: this peculiar Pynchonian form of bilocation again.

'''part "real"...part "pictorial" or let us say "fictional"''' 
Complex numbers are made up of a real number and an imaginary number (e.g "one plus the square root of negative one"), as AtD is made up of real and imaginary (fictional) parts, the effect of which (continuing into P.635) is described as "taking one beyond four dimensional environs...out into a timeless region..." This seems to be the goal of the protagonists, the author, and the reader.

==Page 634==

'''''Mengenlehre''''' 
German: set theory.

'''one is thrust . . . into a timeless region''' 
Like one of those funhouse rooms where gravity is reversed.

'''ZU DEN QUATERNIONEN''' 
German railway stations all have a big sign: ZU DEN ZÜGEN, to the trains. Here it's to the quaternions.

Not sure about the train connection, it reminded me rather of signs found in zoos or circus sideshows pointing to the major attractions (e.g. "Zu den Löwen" - "[This way] To the lions"). [[User:WolfgangFaber|WolfgangFaber]] 14:35, 11 October 2008 (PDT)

'''Nernst light''' 
Light from [[ATD_429-459#Page 437|page 437:Nernst Lamp]].

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 561|page 561:Brougham Bridge]].

'''complex knife''' 
"part real and part imaginary", and there is a "real" reproduction nearby. These are ''aides memoires'', inspirations--perhaps the dimensions beyond are literally located in imagination, mental spaces.

'''Sofia Kovalevskaia and . . . Weierstrass''' 
From 1870 Weierstrass was Kovalevskaia's mathematics tutor in Berlin. He gave Kovalevskaia private lessons twice a week for four years. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia]]. 
Here, as on page 500, there is a hint of romantic involvement between the teacher and the student.

'''Lebesgue''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lebesgue.html Henri Lebesgue] (1875-1941) was a French mathematician. He formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and the following year he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral.

'''"surface devoid of tangent planes"''' 
In other words, discontinuous functions. 
Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions based largely on the Riemann method of integration. However, in 1902, Lebesgue extended the concept of the area below a curve to include many ''discontinuous functions'' and thus generalised the notion of the Riemann integral and revolutionised th eintegral calculus.

'''. . . everywhere continuous and nowhere differentiable''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiabl, Weierstrass function]] and [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crsis in mathematics]].

==Page 635==

'''The Kaiser now seeks in Mexico . . . opportunities for mischief toward the U.S.''' 
Now and for years to come: America's entry into World War One was spurred in part by the Kaiser's offer to return part of the Southwest to Mexico.

'''''Rosinenkacker''''' 
German: one who shits raisins. More commonly "Korinthenkacker", insulting term for a very pedantic person.

'''a world line...never travel''' 
A world line is a tensor, a four-dimensional vector through space ''and'' time, therefore a history. Here Gunther is describing the closing off of his future possibilities. In quantum theory observation causes possible states to 'collapse' into one measured state; hence, the past observed from the present is deterministic (it has only one possible state), but the present observed from the past has many possible states until our actions cause it to collapse into one state. Our actions will then be seen to have been inevitable, a world line [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel]. Hence: "Ach, das Schiksal".

'''''Ach, das Schicksal''''' 
German: ah, fate.

'''chloral to coffee''' 
A depressant to a stimulant, antipodal (opposite) effects on neuronal function. 

'''that terrible ecstasy known to result from unmediated observation of the beautiful''' 
Cf. Rilke, First Duino Elegy:
"For beauty is nothing but
the beginning of terror, that we are still able to bear,
and we revere it so, because it calmly disdains
to destroy us. Every Angel is terror." 
Rilke features strongly in V and GR (with Weissmann/Blicero). The idea that 'the sublime' involves an element of terror is fundamental to Romanticism.

May also be an allusion to what is known as "Stendhal Syndrome" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal_syndrome], a psychosomatic illness that causes rapid heartbeat, dizziness, confusion and even hallucinations when an individual is exposed to art, usually when the art is particularly 'beautiful' or a large amount of art is in a single place. The term can also be used to describe a similar reaction to a surfeit of choice in other circumstances, e.g. when confronted with immense beauty in the natural world. It is said that a lot of tourists who visit Florence and Venice experience it.

==Page 636==

'''Children''' 
The preceding sections are a concise, riotous, poignant summary of life at an institute of higher learning; students and to some extent faculty are, notoriously, children at play. Yashmeen, Kit and Gunther are graduating, without diplomas but going out of the hothouse atmosphere of the University into the "real world". But given the preceding 5 pages, how real is that? 
But this is not so much about the University as about 'the Museum' on the Brocken, and the issue is really who is speaking. Who would feel qualified to call them 'children'? They're in a 'strange, underground temple' and the Brocken is an ancient, magical place. Associated especially with witches and 'the Spectre of the Brocken', an aerial phenomenon that resembles a human figure (actually the shadow of the viewer on the mist).

'''The next time you visit...''' 
The University never looks the same after graduation; also, nothing ever does: Heraclitus' dictum that no man ever steps in the same river twice. Time (''pace'' Proust) cannot be reclaimed (even if you can find the tesseract's entrance again)because even if you go back in time, you are not the same person you were; you have been changed by experience. 
Again, it's 'the Museum' that's closing. This isn't the Museum of Professor Klein at the University, mentioned on p. 632, it's a 'nocturnal equivalent' out on the Brocken.

'''"You know who I am."''' 
Cf. Leonard Cohen:
"You know who I am, you've stared at the sun.
I am the one who loves changing from nothing to one."
Some sort of god of mathematics, the curator of the museum?
The Spectre of the Brocken (seen by Slothrop and Geli in GR)? Rilke's angel, the terrible ecstasy referred to on p. 635? All three? 
Another possibility: the author. After all, the characters are his 'children', his creations. And in a fiction, the author is God. The Museum that he's closing isn't only a museum of mathematics, it's a musuem of ''narratives'' about mathematics.

==Page 637==

'''caldo tlapeno''' 
Mexican chicken vegetable soup.

'''Tampico''' 
Tampico means "the place of the otters". As a city, it is Mexico's second most important commercial port along the Gulf of Mexico, is located on the southeastern tip of Tamaulipas. The State of Tamaulipas is on the northeast side of Mexico directly south of Texas; but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampico Tampico] is about 300 miles from the US border.

'''Chiapas''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas Chiapas] is a poor and largely agricultural stat in the southeast of Mexico. It is best known for its 1994 Zapatista movement.

'''"El Atildado"''' 
Spanish: the neat man. But it also suggests "the man marked with a tilde" (see page 600). When reading this passage aloud, think about how to stress the word "also" in "a gift Günther von Quassel had ''also'' been blessed with."

(In mathematical notation, the tilde "~" means "approximately" or "is proportional to," depending on country.)

==Page 638==

'''''Bohnen''''' 
German: beans

'''Maragogype''' 
As Gunther says, a variety of coffee bean, large in size, grown in Mexico and Central America [http://coffeeplus.com.au/coffees/7443.html].

'''Arbuckles''' 
Not only a brand of coffee, but a method of preparation also known as "Cowboy Coffee" similar to Turkish/Greek coffee in one boils the grounds in the water [http://www.ineedcoffee.com/02/04/cowboycoffee/]. Synonymous here with "plain old, unfancified coffee"--perhaps a swipe at 21st century coffee gourmets and at Starbucks. Another paramorphic-mirror image of the early 21st century in the early 20th. 
Cowhands expected their coffee to be ‘brown gargle”, hot, black, strong and thick enough to float a six shooter in. 
It's really, really hard to equate cowboy coffee to Greek coffee. Greek (Turkish, Serbian) coffee is made from beans ground to powder and boiled for a few seconds, usually in sugar syrup. Grounds in the cup are a virtue. Cowboy coffee starts as coarse grounds, which are boiled for several minutes (or, heaven help us, longer) and often "refined" with eggshells, which cause the grounds to settle out.

'''''cafetalero''''' 
Perhaps as in ''pistolero''; i.e. a barrista.

more likely translates as "coffee man"

'''''el otro lado''''' 
Spanish: the other side (in one sense or other).

'''bucket shop''' 
A stock swindle, in which one set of trades is reported to the customer, while the brokerage is really using the money in other, usually riskier trades ("bucketing"). A place where the public could bet on the daily motions of stock prices before 1929 and before the advent of instant stock quotes via the Internet.

Given the year, this may be related to the Panic of 1907. Steve/Ramon bought stocks on margin and when they went south he was slammed.

'''flimming''' 
Probably = indulging in flimflam (fraud, swindles)

'''''norte''''' 
north wind.

'''Plaza de Toros''' 
A bullring.

'''[S]louching away into the yellow opacity, he invited them all up to a wingding [...] that evening.''' 
Compare with T.S. Eliot's ''Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'':

<blockquote>
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes 
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening</blockquote>
[[User:Bean|remy]] 09:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

==Page 639==

'''Rio Bravo''' 
Mexican name for the river known in the US as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande Rio Grande].

'''Ramos gin fizzes''' 
The original [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/ramos-gin-fizz.html Ramos gin fizz] was invented in the 1880s by Henry C. Ramos, in his bar at Meyer's Restaurant, this is one of New Orleans' most famous drinks.

'''jungles of Tehuantepec''' 
Jungles of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec The Isthmus of Tehuantepec] in Mexico. The isthmus represents the shortest distance between the Guld of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

'''unnatural boom''' 
Another paramorphic mirroring of the 21st/20th centuries; tech stock boom/bust of ~2000.

'''Baku''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Baku]].

'''skeeters''' 
mosquitoes

'''adios ''chingamadre''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, motherfucker.

==Page 640==

'''Valkyrie''' 
In Norse mythology the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie Valkyries] are minor female deities.

'''Mondragón semiautomatics''' 
A self-loading rifle designed and patented by Mexican General Mondragón in 1896 — so it was only 10 years ago. It's magazine capacity was of 8-round or 10-round box, or later 30-round drum (for German service). For a picture of the refined 1908 model and its 1907 patent see [http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl26-e.htm Mondgragón M1908 rifle].

'''Springfield''' 
An American magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle Springfield].

'''Schnecken rigs''' 
A possible anachronism, but it is hard to be sure. The German word ''Schnecken'' in the small-arms context (''Schneckenmagazin'') refers to what's called a "cylindrical magazine" in English. The best-known weapon using this magazine is the Russian PP-19 Bison submachine gun, but the Bison is based in part on Kalashnikov technology and hence could not have been developed until after World War II. [http://88.198.24.206/invisionboard/lofiversion/index.php/t20170.html The definitive online information] on the Bison not only identifies it as using the ''Schneckenmagazin'' but also contains excellent cutaway drawings of the "helical feed" system; use your browser's search function to find the word Bison. [http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg08-e.htm This page] has a photo and specs in English. The Schnecken rig is definitely ''not'' the drum magazine used with the American Thompson submachine gun in the 1920s.

'''anti-Porfiristas''' 
Opponents of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, hence left wing. Eventually, ten years later, to become the Mexican Revolution led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

'''the Pánuco''' 
''Río Pánuco'', a river in Veracruz state, east-central Mexico. It is formed by the junction of the Moctezuma and Tamuín rivers on the San Luis Potosí-Veracruz state line, the Pánuco meanders generally east-northeastward past the town of Pánuco to the Guld of Mexico about 6 miles below Tampico.

==Page 641==

'''Mondragóns will get you through''' 
Echoes the wonderful 1970s slogan "Dope will get you through times of no money better than money will get you through times of no dope."

'''hidalgo''' 
Coin with a portrait of Miguel Hidalgo (1753 – 1811), hero of the Mexican war of independence against Spain.

'''''este . . . perdón''''' 
this . . . sorry

==Page 642==

'''La Fotinga Huasteca''' 
''Fotinga'' is Spanish: jalopy. ''Huasteca'' is a region of the Sierra Madre Oriental north of San Luis Potosí. A local equivalent to "Tijuana Taxi"?

'''''batería''''' 
Spanish: battery (collection of percussion instruments).

'''[T]hat dirty li'l back-shootin Bob Ford.''' 
Ford shot notorious outlaw Jesse James in the back on April 3, 1882; Ford himself was shotgunned to death in 1892. The event inspired one Billy Gashade to pen the verse that became the popular folk ballad "Jesse James," recorded by Pete Seeger, Bruce Springsteen, and many others. 
[[User:bnilsson|bnilsson]] 01:41, 2 January 2007 (EDT)

'''''resentimientos''''' 
resentments.

'''eight seconds . . . rodeo''' 
A bull rider must stay aboard for eight seconds to score.

'''cerverzas Bohemias''' 
Bohemias (brand) beers, a Mexican beer.

'''Cuervo Extra''' 
a kind of tequila ?

==Page 643==

'''''frontera''''' 
Spanish: frontier.

'''drygulched''' 
Ambushed, betrayed.

'''Krag-Jorgensens''' 
Repeating-bolt-action rifles designed by the Norwegians Ole Krag and Erik Jorgensen in late 19th century (1886). From 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krag-J%C3%B8rgensen Krag-Jorgensens] were used by the United States army as standard arms. And now it is a popular collector item.

'''Juárez''' 
''Ciudad Juárez'', or simply ''Juárez'', is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It stands on the Rio Grande across the border from El Paso, Texas. [http://www.juarez-mexico.com/ Juárez] is the major port of entry and trnasportation center of north central Mexico.

'''''Vaya con Dios, pendejo''''' 
Spanish: Go with God, asshole.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 615-643

2008-10-11T21:30:10Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 625 */ Explain cantor further.

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 615==

'''''Kreditbrief''''' 
German: letter of credit.

==Page 616==

'''Auditorienhaus''' 
Building housing auditoriums (and in this case a library).

'''Riemann's ''Habilitationsschrift''''' 
In Germany a new faculty member presents a lecture or, in this case, a thesis on taking up office. 
Riemann's lecture, ''On the Hypotheses that Lie at the Foundation of Geometry'', delivered on June 10, 1854. It became a classic of mathematics.

The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation Habilitation] is actually a formal process for giving a person the right to teach university courses independently (i.e. without a formal assignment) and supervise doctoral candidates. This right is usually referred to as venia docendi or venia legendi in Germany. The process consists of delivering a thesis (Habilitationsschrift) and giving a lecture.

'''the 1859 paper on primes''' 
In August 1859 Riemann presented a paper, ''On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity'', to the Berlin Academy of Science. In the middle of that paper he made what later was called the ''Riemann Hypothesis'' (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:conjecture]]). Today, after nearly 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, it remains unproved.

'''''Achphänomen''''' 
German: the "aha" phenomenon.

'''''Tchetvyortoye Izmereniye''''' 
Today more likely transliterated ''Chetvertoe izmerenie.'' Russian: (the) fourth dimension.

'''''"Yob tvoyu mat'"''''' 
Russian: Fuck your mother. It's as impolite as it looks, but used way more often than in English.

'''Otzovists''' 
A splinter Bolshevik faction. The name comes from the noun ''otzyv'' meaning "recall"; it does not mean "god-builders." The group (existing under this name only in 1908-9) demanded the recall of Social Democrats from the national legislature.

'''Lenin''' 
[http://www.bartleby.com/65/le/Lenin-Vl.html Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov aka Lenin] (1870-1924), Russian revolutionary and founder of Bolshevism and the major force behind the October Revolution, 1917. He studied law at Kazan University but only practiced law for a couple of years before becoming a professional revolutionary. He was arrested in 1895 for his opinions and activities, and was exiled to Siberia in 1897 for three years. At the end of his exile he went to Switzerland in 1900 and became the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1903, and returned to Russia in 1905 during the 1905 Revolution. He left Russia in 1907 and only returned in April, 1917 with Germany's connivance. Lenin inaugurated the ''dictatorship of the proletariat'' after the October Revolution. He died on January 21, 1924 and became the demi-god of the Soviet Union. According to ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'' (1988) Lenin was "shrewd, dynamic, im[placable, pedantic, opportunist, as ice-cold in his economic reasoning as in his impersonal political hatreds that could encompass millions. . . . He inspired in the name of democracy a despotism boundless in the power of its ambition and sense of destiny.''

'''Bolshevists''' 
Commonly called ''Bolsheviks''. At the Second Congress of the Russia's Social Democratic Labor Party in August, 1903 there was a dispute between Lenin and Martov, two of the party's leaders. Lenin argued for a small party of highly disciplined, centralized and dedicated professional revolutionary elites with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters. Martov disagreed believing it was better to have a mass party of activists. At the end of the debate Lenin won a narrow victory: 28 to 23 (the only time in the party history up to then Lenin had a majority behind him). From then on, the Party was split into Lenin's faction called themselves ''Bolsheviks'' (majority) and Martov's faction known as ''Mensheviks'' (minority). The split became permanent as both groups' policy and practice diverged more and more. In 1912, Lenin's Bolsheviks faction formed a separate Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) which in 1918, after they came to power, changed its name to All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). It finally became Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1952 which was dissolved in 1991.

'''anti-Materialist''' 
Marxism belongs to the materialist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism] strain of the Western philosophical tradition, stating that the only objective reality is matter. The orthodox Marxist doctrine is divided into historical materialism (which claims that changes of society and even the non-material "superstructure" are determined by economical processes, and thus materially caused); and dialectical materialism, proposed by Engels and then Lenin, which is basically a philosophy of nature combined with a rather crude gnoseology. The latter maintains that matter is the only substance and it is inherently and objectively dialectical in nature, i.e. it is in constant development due to the interactions of conflicting forces on all levels. An anti-Materialist (like Mach, who was denounced as a "subjective Idealist") is one who is against such belief.

'''Mach''' 
Austrian physicist and philosopher. A strong critic of Newtonian absolute time and absolute space. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:Ernst Mach]] (1838-1916). He was the target of Lenin's attack in his best-known attempt to create a Marxist philosophy (in the technical sense), ''Materialism and Empiriocriticism''.

'''Ouspensky''' 
Russian mystic and author of ''The Fourth Dimension''. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 602|page 602:Young Ouspensky]] (1878-1947).

==Page 617==

'''above this galley-slave repetition of days''' 
ATD motif i.e. rebel against the quotidian day.

'''the already seen''' 
. . . which we know better under the French term ''déjà vu.''

'''Staring at the wallpaper.''' 
A parallel to Kovalevskaya, whose father used Ostrogradsky notes to cover
the walls. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaia wiki].

'''''i, j,'' and ''k'', the unit vectors''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526:Gibbsian Vectors]].

==Page 618==

'''''Schnitte''''' 
Plural of ''Schnitt.'' German: cuts.

'''multiply-connected spaces''' 
In topology, geometrical objects or spaces are connected but not simply connected are called multiply-connected spaces. In mathematics, a geometrical object or space is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply-connected simply connected] if it consists of one piece and doesn't have any "holes" that pass all the way through it. For example, neither a doughout nor a coffee cup with handle is simply connected, and so both are [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MultiplyConnected.html multiply connected]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply_connected Also see Wikipedia] for a fine, relatively nontechnical explanation. Sea-ice and Venice were described as multiply connected spaces on [[ATD_119-148#Page_136|p. 136.]]

''''vector space'''' 
In mathematics, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space vector space] is a collection of objects, vectors, that may be scaled and added.

'''space of higher dimensionality''' 
Hypersphere. A four-dimensional hypersphere is currently considered the possible shape of our universe. (A 4-D hypersphere is to a 3-D sphere, what a 3-D sphere is to a circle.) In mathematics, [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hypersphere.html Hypersphere] can be n-dimensional with n = 4 and greater. Also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersphere Hypersphere of Wiki Entry].

'''''nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing, "it doesn't matter".

'''if it doesn't work with gold, the next step will be lead''' 
Cowboy alchemy. If you can't settle your dispute with money, you will have to shoot it out. There's a reference to this process on page 105.

'''it's this damned English practice of talking in code''' 
Refers to commonly noted English cultural tendency to avoid direct expression in conversation.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
The Britain and Russia settled a number of differences in Asia. And with both countries concerned about Germany but friendly with France they concluded the Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg. It defined their respective spheres of interest in Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet, with Russia taking the northern areas of Persia and Britain taking the Persian Guld area in the south. Its primary aim was to keep Germany out of that region.

==Page 619==

'''''Bierstube''''' 
German: tavern, beer hall.

==Page 620==

'''''akousmaton''''' 
In ''AtD'' the plural ''akousmata'' occurs more often. [[A|Look it up in the alphabetical "A" page.]]

'''eidolon''' 
From Greek: image, picture.

'''minié ball''' 
Rifle bullet with a conical head used in muzzle-loading firearms. [[ATD_97-118#Page_101|See the fuller annotation on p. 101.]]

'''Zirconium''' 
A steel-gray hard ductile metallic element with a high melting point that occurs widely in combined form, is highly resistant to corrosion, and is used especially in alloys and in refractories and ceramics. 
Zirconium is often confused with ''zircon'' and even more often with ''zirconia.'' Zircon is a gemstone consisting chiefly of zirconium silicate. Zirconia is the oxide of zirconium. "Cubic zirconia" became a popular surrogate gem a couple of decades ago.

'''galena''' 
a bluish-gray cubic mineral with metallic luster consisting of lead sulfide and constituting the principal ore of lead.

==Page 621==

'''Reckon ''yo tengo que'' get ''el'' fuck out of ''aquí''''' 
Macaronic Spanish/English: Reckon I'd better get the fuck out of here. 
Kit said the same thing when he decided to leave Yale (page 318).

'''''Zum Mickifest! Komm, komm!''''' 
German: To the Mickey party, come, come! "Mickey Finn" = knockout drops such as chloral hydrate (see any film noir).

'''''K.O.-Tropfen''''' 
German: K.O. (= knockout) drops.

==Page 622==

'''Group-theoretical implications''' 
Introductions to group theory often use "symmetry under rotation" as an illustration. You can rotate a square 90 degrees and get the same square, and likewise 180 and 270 degrees, so the square has fourfold symmetry. Here Gottlob applies a similar concept to the printed words ''pun'' and ''und,'' which alternate with every 180 degree rotation.

'''rhonchus''' 
a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partly obstructed.

'''''Gottlob! Wo ist deine Spritze?''''' 
German: Gottlob, where is your syringe?

'''''"Streng reserviert für den Elefanten!"''''' 
German: Strictly reserved for the elephant (not elephants).

==Page 623==

'''strychnine''' 
a bitter poisonous alkaloid that is obtained from ''nux vomica'' and related plants, and is used as a poison (as for rodents) and medicinally as a stimulant of the central nervous system.

'''Noncommutative . . . Asymmetric''' 
A relation like "cures" is ''commutative'' if "A cures B" implies that "B cures A" and vice versa. Here the situation is fuzzier because a total cure is not at issue: "Chloral alleviates the effects of strychnine" and "Strychnine alleviates the effects of chloral" are both true, so ''noncommutative'' doesn't quite apply, but one is more true than the other, so ''asymmetric'' is a better choice of word.

'''''Verfluchte cowboy!''''' 
German: Damn cowboy! (should be ''Verfluchter Cowboy'')

'''''Achtung, Schwester!''''' 
German: Hey, Nurse!

'''''Klapsmühle''''' 
German: nut factory. (''Er hat einen Klaps'' means "He's nutty"; ''Mühle'' is a mill.)

'''one of his canonical outfits''' 
"Canonicals" is a term for priestly vestments. 
But also, in the psychology of perception, means 'typical' or 'most easily recognised as'

'''Dr. Willi Dingkopf''' 
German: Thinghead. Possibly, given other meanings of "thing", Dickhead.

==Page 624==

'''''Hebraic''''' 
Jewish.

'''you are not ''also Hebraic''''' 
Anti-Semitic Dingkopf considered Kit Jewish by his name ''Traverse''.

'''Jew Cantor, the ''Beast of Halle'', . . . to demolish the very foundations of mathematics''' 
Greg Cantor (1845-1918) taught mathematics at University of Halle from 1869-1918. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 593|page 593:Greg Cantor]]). He introduced the concepts of infinity and continuum into mathematics and thus brought about one of mathematical crises mentioned on page 594. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]]). 
Dingkopf regarded Greg Cantor Jewish by his name ''Cantor''.

==Page 625==

'''"Cantor is a practicing Lutheran." "With a name like that? Please." 
Dingkopf hears the name and obsessively thinks of the many Polish Jewish families that bear it. But the connection is not as strong as he surmises: The church of St. Thomas (Thomaskirche) in Leipzig had a staff member called Cantor or Kantor, and noted practicing Lutheran Johann Sebastian Bach held the position in his prime years. Cantor/Lutheran is not an absurdity.

''Cantor'' just means ''singer'' in Latin, and it has been used for persons who have a singing part in both Jewish and Christian (and possibly other) rites.

'''"Dr Hilbert . . ." "Dr. . . . ''David'' Hilbert"''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page324:David Hilbet]] (1862-1943), a German mathematician. Again, Dingkopf regarded him as Jewish because of his name, ''David''.

'''''Kolonie''''' 
German: colony, compound.

'''Invisibilism''' 
The principles of this (apparently) fictional school of design bring to mind Buckminster Fuller's concept of '''ephemeralization''', which notes that as design and technology improve -- "the more ''rationally'' a structure was designed" -- the more that can be done with less, process waste converges toward zero and things become physically smaller, "less visible...to the point" -- the "Penultimate Term" -- of being all but invisible. A simple example, the telephone cord is quickly disappearing as we go to cordless phones, and transistors "grow" smaller and smaller as a corollary to Moore's law. The principle of ephemeralization can be applied to design, construction, transportation, computer and other technologies and tools.

'''into its own metastructure''' 
A German SAP engineer once explained "we control complexity through abstraction."

'''one is left with only traces in the world, a few tangles of barbed wire''' 
The Invisibilist principles are paramorphosized into a future of kolonies where only the barbed wire outlines are visible. Within the context of antisemitism in the preceding paragraphs, the text is moving from kolonies to concentration camps, concentration camps empty perhaps except for the traces of consciousness remaining, outlined in barbed wire, the plan-view of, not the Penultimate Term, but the Final Solution.

'''certain odors''' 
cf. p. 408
This has less to do with Proust and involutary memory than with "perhaps certain ''odors''[Italicized in the original] steming from a few tangles of barbed wire upwind, a wind "which itself possesses now the same index of refracton as the departed Structure..." As is explained to Kit by someone in a guard's uniform who may not actually be a guard. That certain odor seems to be the odor of smoke from the ovens.

'''refraction index''' 
Among other things a refraction index can be used to measure concentration (camps) and confirm purity (ethnic).

'''someone . . . whom Kit . . . assumed was a guard''' 
Error in grammar by Pynchon or, more charitably, introduced by a copy editor. Punctuating as ''someone who/whom (Kit assumed) was a guard'' makes the choice of pronoun clearer. Alternatively: did Kit assume someone? No, he assumed a proposition about someone: ''someone was a guard.'' When the subject of that is transformed to "who/whom" for the purpose of linking it into the sentence, it remains the subject: ''who was a guard.'' 
A quibble over a fine point? Yes, but Pynchon is renowned for his fine points, and this mistake seems to put him on a level with a news intern at a third-tier TV station. So let's consider this a teaching moment: ''Copy editors, don't impose your ignorance on good writers.''

'''''So Gut Wie Neu''''' 
German: as good as new.

'''Dirigible Field''' 
The inmates' occupational therapy is a disguise for constructing this landing facility.

'''a real Dirigible''' 
The inmates have established a cargo cult [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult Wikipedia article] or a [http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/ufos.html UFO cult.]

'''Doofland''' 
German ''doof'' means comically stupid (possibly an origin of English "doofus").

'''O Tempora, O Mores''' 
Latin: Oh, the times! Oh, the customs! (Was there really music under this title?)

Famous sentence by Cicero in his First Oration against Catiline, which means Oh the times! Oh the morals! In his opening speech against Catiline, who had previously tried to kill him, Cicero deplores the viciousness and corruption of his age. This sentence is now used as an exclamation to criticize present-day attitudes and trends, often jokingly. So, it is, indeed, an "old favorite"

'''The Black Whale of Askalon''' 
"Im Schwarzen Walfisch zu Askalon," comic song. The "Black Whale" is a tavern in the ancient Persian town of Askalon. [http://www.grainger.de/music/songs/schwarzenwalfisch.html A paraphrase of the lyrics.]

==Page 626==

'''the head of Jochanaan''' 
In Strauss' opera ''Salome'' the title character asks for and receives as tribute John the Baptist's head on a platter. John in the opera is called Jochanaan.

'''Richard Strauss's opera ''Salome'' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Richard Struass]]'s one-act opera ''Salome'' was performed first time in Dresden, Germany, on December 9, 1905. It was a sensation of the year 1905. The opera was based on the French play ''Salomé'' by Oscar Wilde. The time of action: about 30 A.D.; place of action: Jerusalem . . . for the story see [http://www.music.lv/opera/Salome/default_E.htm Salome].

'''the Five Jews''' 
In the middle of the opera ''Salome'' five Jews argued concerning the nature of God.

'''''Judeamus igitur, Judenes dum su-hu-mus''''' 
German university students used to sing ''Gaudeamus igitur, juvenes dum sumus'' ("Then let us be joyful while we are young men"); the melody forms the climax of Brahms' "Academic Festival" overture. Dr. Dingkopf, the Johnny One-Note of anti-Semitism, sings in bastard Latin, "Then let us Jew while we are Jews."

'''Ich Bin Ein Berliner''' 
JFK said "Ich bin ein Berliner" at the Berlin wall in 1963. According to Wikipedia, there is an urban legend: 
<blockquote>Kennedy should have said "Ich bin Berliner" to mean "I am a person from Berlin." By adding the indefinite article ein, his statement implied he was a non-human Berliner, thus "I am a jelly doughnut". The statement was followed by uproarious laughter.</blockquote> 
However, Wikipedia goes on to state: <blockquote>There is no grammatical error in Kennedy's statement; the indefinite article does not change its meaning. In German, the statement of origin "Ich bin ein Brandenburger" (I am a Brandenburger) is more common than "Ich bin Brandenburger" (I am Brandenburger), but both are correct. The article "ein" can be used as a form of emphasis: it implies "just one of many." As Kennedy did stress the "ein", the usage was, according to German linguist Jürgen Eichhoff [1], "not only correct, but the one and only correct way of expressing in German what the President intended to say."</blockquote> 
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:51, 19 December 2006 (PST)

And Kennedy's motto drew tumultuous cheers, not laughter; the Berliners had no trouble understanding what he meant.

Maybe a Simpsons connection as well:[http://www.anvari.org/fortune/Simpsons_Subtle_Allusions/9.html]

'''''Konditerei''''' 
German: pastry shop.

'''''Puderzucker''''' 
German: powdered sugar.

==Page 628==

'''Halfcourt? what kind of a name is that?''' 
This is Dingkopf speaking, in the context of his obsession with Jewish infiltration of British society. "What kind of a name is that?" has the subtext "Is that a ''Jewish'' name?"

'''''Der Wall''''' 
In German there are at least three words for "wall": ''Wand'' (the wall of a room), ''Mauer'' (a masonry wall) and ''Wall'' (a wall of a fortification). The infamous Berlin Wall was ''die Mauer.''

In this case 'der Wall' means the rampart on which the town wall stood. After this was razed in the 18. century a path was made on top of 'der Wall' along which Yashmeen and Kit take their walk.

'''dotted quarter rest''' 
Musical notation: brief pause.

==Page 629==

'''Hainberg''' 
Likely to be the Hainberg-Gymnasium at Göttingen http://hainberg-gymnasium.de/

'''Rheinpfalz''' 
A wine from the Rhine-Palatinate region in western Germany.

'''Deidesheimer...Herrgottsacker...Hofstück''' 
Three different wines.

'''do a bunk''' 
Flee.

==Page 630==

'''a Theosophist''' 
an adherent of theosophy professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation.

'''Sidney Reilly''' 
Sidney Reilly, aka The Ace of Spies--a real early 20th century British--and other--intelligence agent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Reilly].

'''hoosier''' 
Bumpkin; capitalized, it has a different meaning.

'''stans''' 
Countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkestan, etc.). Possible anachronism; term gained currency after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

No anachronism - in many central-asian languages (Pashtu, Dari, Farsi, etc.) '-stan' means 'land of', i.e. Afghanistan = Land of the Afghans, Nuristan = Land of Light, Frankistan = France, Germanistan = Germany, etc.

'''One Savile Row''' 
Seat of the Royal Geographical Society.

'''Kashgar''' 
Now called Kashi, a city in the extreme west of China; at the western end of the Taklimakan desert; a principal town of Chinese Turkestan. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar Kāshi (Kashgar)].

'''Auberon Halfcourt''' 
The name Auberon is derived from Oberon and related to Alberich, the dwarf in Wagner's ''Ring'' cycle. Half-court describes a reduced form of basketball. Another possible allusion (bit of a stretch, perhaps?) is to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberon_Herbert Auberon Herbert,] a British libertarian whom Benjamin Tucker described as "a true anarchist in everything but name."

==Page 631==

'''the recent Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 618|page 618:Anglio-Russian Entente]] of 1907 in which the spheres of influence in inner Asia were divided between Britain and Russia in order to keep Germany out of that region.

'''Baku and Johannesburg''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Johannesburg; Baku]].

'''One vision . . . spiritual, and the other, capitalist.''' 
Competing visions as to the significance of what lies buried beneath the sands in Central Asia. We have already seen a map that reflects [[ATD 243-272#Page 249|dual visions]] of the area. The Great Game competition shaping up in Asia is a continuation of a global 'metaphysical' conflict between materialist and integrationist tendencies.

'''lie doggo''' 
Go underground, maintain a low profile.

==Page 632==

'''Museum der Monstrositäten''' 
German: museum of monstrosities. ''Mathematical'' monstrosities.

'''motor diligence''' 
Motor taxi, as opposed to horse-drawn.

'''the Brocken''' 
The highest peak (3,750 ft) in the Harz Mountains in Germany. It is about 35 miles northeast of Göttingen. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brocken The Brocken]). 

Appears in ''GR'' where Slothrop and neophyte witch Geli Tripping encounter the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_329-336 Brockengespenst] p. 330. and ....

'''"An older Germany .... Deeper"''' 
Meaning pre-Christian Germany, as referenced earlier in the passage with the description 'witchlike'.

'''weapons somehow ''not yet decipherable''''' 
Rayguns.

==Page 633==

'''Knipfel...von Imbiss''' 
Neither one existed. Imbiss is German: snacks, fast food. *** I have a differing opinion: Knipfel is Jim Knipfel. Thomas Pynchon has read Knipfel's memoirs, enjoyed them, and blurbed them.

'''''Weierstrass Functions''''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable]].

'''''Russell's Letter''''' 
Russell's letter of June 16, 1902. (see below "Poor Frege . . .").

'''''the Set of All Sets That Are Not Members of Themselves''''' 
Russell Paradox. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 538|page 538:Bertie Russell]].

'''''parallax effect''''' 
the apparent shift of an object against a background due to a change in observer's position.

'''Poor Frege . . . about to publish his book . . .''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Frege.html Gottlob Frege] (1848-1925) was a German mathematician. He was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic putting forward the view that mathematics is reducible to logic. 
In 1893 Frege published his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 1'' in which he axiomatized arithmetic with an intuitive collection of axioms. While his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 2'' was at the printer, Frege received a letter (June 16, 1902) from Bertrand Russell in which Russell pointed out that the ''Russell Paradox'' gave a contradiction in Frege's system of axioms.

'''''Kot!''''' 
German: shit.

'''Crotona in Magna Grecia''' 
Crotona is the old Latin name of the Italian city [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotone Crotone] in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto. Ancient Crotona was long one of the most flourishing cities of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Graecia Magna Grecia] (Latin for ''Greater Greece''), the area in Southern Italy colonised by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC. Pythagoras went to Crotona at the age of 40 and most of his philosophical activities occurred there.

'''Hilbeert . . . August . . . in 1900 . . . International Congress . . . "Paris Problems" 
Paris Problems = Hilbert's Problems. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 604|page 604:the outstanding problems in mathematics]].

'''''zone of dual nature''''' 
One place that is two places: this peculiar Pynchonian form of bilocation again.

'''part "real"...part "pictorial" or let us say "fictional"''' 
Complex numbers are made up of a real number and an imaginary number (e.g "one plus the square root of negative one"), as AtD is made up of real and imaginary (fictional) parts, the effect of which (continuing into P.635) is described as "taking one beyond four dimensional environs...out into a timeless region..." This seems to be the goal of the protagonists, the author, and the reader.

==Page 634==

'''''Mengenlehre''''' 
German: set theory.

'''one is thrust . . . into a timeless region''' 
Like one of those funhouse rooms where gravity is reversed.

'''ZU DEN QUATERNIONEN''' 
German railway stations all have a big sign: ZU DEN ZÜGEN, to the trains. Here it's to the quaternions.

'''Nernst light''' 
Light from [[ATD_429-459#Page 437|page 437:Nernst Lamp]].

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 561|page 561:Brougham Bridge]].

'''complex knife''' 
"part real and part imaginary", and there is a "real" reproduction nearby. These are ''aides memoires'', inspirations--perhaps the dimensions beyond are literally located in imagination, mental spaces.

'''Sofia Kovalevskaia and . . . Weierstrass''' 
From 1870 Weierstrass was Kovalevskaia's mathematics tutor in Berlin. He gave Kovalevskaia private lessons twice a week for four years. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia]]. 
Here, as on page 500, there is a hint of romantic involvement between the teacher and the student.

'''Lebesgue''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lebesgue.html Henri Lebesgue] (1875-1941) was a French mathematician. He formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and the following year he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral.

'''"surface devoid of tangent planes"''' 
In other words, discontinuous functions. 
Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions based largely on the Riemann method of integration. However, in 1902, Lebesgue extended the concept of the area below a curve to include many ''discontinuous functions'' and thus generalised the notion of the Riemann integral and revolutionised th eintegral calculus.

'''. . . everywhere continuous and nowhere differentiable''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiabl, Weierstrass function]] and [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crsis in mathematics]].

==Page 635==

'''The Kaiser now seeks in Mexico . . . opportunities for mischief toward the U.S.''' 
Now and for years to come: America's entry into World War One was spurred in part by the Kaiser's offer to return part of the Southwest to Mexico.

'''''Rosinenkacker''''' 
German: one who shits raisins. More commonly "Korinthenkacker", insulting term for a very pedantic person.

'''a world line...never travel''' 
A world line is a tensor, a four-dimensional vector through space ''and'' time, therefore a history. Here Gunther is describing the closing off of his future possibilities. In quantum theory observation causes possible states to 'collapse' into one measured state; hence, the past observed from the present is deterministic (it has only one possible state), but the present observed from the past has many possible states until our actions cause it to collapse into one state. Our actions will then be seen to have been inevitable, a world line [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel]. Hence: "Ach, das Schiksal".

'''''Ach, das Schicksal''''' 
German: ah, fate.

'''chloral to coffee''' 
A depressant to a stimulant, antipodal (opposite) effects on neuronal function. 

'''that terrible ecstasy known to result from unmediated observation of the beautiful''' 
Cf. Rilke, First Duino Elegy:
"For beauty is nothing but
the beginning of terror, that we are still able to bear,
and we revere it so, because it calmly disdains
to destroy us. Every Angel is terror." 
Rilke features strongly in V and GR (with Weissmann/Blicero). The idea that 'the sublime' involves an element of terror is fundamental to Romanticism.

May also be an allusion to what is known as "Stendhal Syndrome" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal_syndrome], a psychosomatic illness that causes rapid heartbeat, dizziness, confusion and even hallucinations when an individual is exposed to art, usually when the art is particularly 'beautiful' or a large amount of art is in a single place. The term can also be used to describe a similar reaction to a surfeit of choice in other circumstances, e.g. when confronted with immense beauty in the natural world. It is said that a lot of tourists who visit Florence and Venice experience it.

==Page 636==

'''Children''' 
The preceding sections are a concise, riotous, poignant summary of life at an institute of higher learning; students and to some extent faculty are, notoriously, children at play. Yashmeen, Kit and Gunther are graduating, without diplomas but going out of the hothouse atmosphere of the University into the "real world". But given the preceding 5 pages, how real is that? 
But this is not so much about the University as about 'the Museum' on the Brocken, and the issue is really who is speaking. Who would feel qualified to call them 'children'? They're in a 'strange, underground temple' and the Brocken is an ancient, magical place. Associated especially with witches and 'the Spectre of the Brocken', an aerial phenomenon that resembles a human figure (actually the shadow of the viewer on the mist).

'''The next time you visit...''' 
The University never looks the same after graduation; also, nothing ever does: Heraclitus' dictum that no man ever steps in the same river twice. Time (''pace'' Proust) cannot be reclaimed (even if you can find the tesseract's entrance again)because even if you go back in time, you are not the same person you were; you have been changed by experience. 
Again, it's 'the Museum' that's closing. This isn't the Museum of Professor Klein at the University, mentioned on p. 632, it's a 'nocturnal equivalent' out on the Brocken.

'''"You know who I am."''' 
Cf. Leonard Cohen:
"You know who I am, you've stared at the sun.
I am the one who loves changing from nothing to one."
Some sort of god of mathematics, the curator of the museum?
The Spectre of the Brocken (seen by Slothrop and Geli in GR)? Rilke's angel, the terrible ecstasy referred to on p. 635? All three? 
Another possibility: the author. After all, the characters are his 'children', his creations. And in a fiction, the author is God. The Museum that he's closing isn't only a museum of mathematics, it's a musuem of ''narratives'' about mathematics.

==Page 637==

'''caldo tlapeno''' 
Mexican chicken vegetable soup.

'''Tampico''' 
Tampico means "the place of the otters". As a city, it is Mexico's second most important commercial port along the Gulf of Mexico, is located on the southeastern tip of Tamaulipas. The State of Tamaulipas is on the northeast side of Mexico directly south of Texas; but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampico Tampico] is about 300 miles from the US border.

'''Chiapas''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas Chiapas] is a poor and largely agricultural stat in the southeast of Mexico. It is best known for its 1994 Zapatista movement.

'''"El Atildado"''' 
Spanish: the neat man. But it also suggests "the man marked with a tilde" (see page 600). When reading this passage aloud, think about how to stress the word "also" in "a gift Günther von Quassel had ''also'' been blessed with."

(In mathematical notation, the tilde "~" means "approximately" or "is proportional to," depending on country.)

==Page 638==

'''''Bohnen''''' 
German: beans

'''Maragogype''' 
As Gunther says, a variety of coffee bean, large in size, grown in Mexico and Central America [http://coffeeplus.com.au/coffees/7443.html].

'''Arbuckles''' 
Not only a brand of coffee, but a method of preparation also known as "Cowboy Coffee" similar to Turkish/Greek coffee in one boils the grounds in the water [http://www.ineedcoffee.com/02/04/cowboycoffee/]. Synonymous here with "plain old, unfancified coffee"--perhaps a swipe at 21st century coffee gourmets and at Starbucks. Another paramorphic-mirror image of the early 21st century in the early 20th. 
Cowhands expected their coffee to be ‘brown gargle”, hot, black, strong and thick enough to float a six shooter in. 
It's really, really hard to equate cowboy coffee to Greek coffee. Greek (Turkish, Serbian) coffee is made from beans ground to powder and boiled for a few seconds, usually in sugar syrup. Grounds in the cup are a virtue. Cowboy coffee starts as coarse grounds, which are boiled for several minutes (or, heaven help us, longer) and often "refined" with eggshells, which cause the grounds to settle out.

'''''cafetalero''''' 
Perhaps as in ''pistolero''; i.e. a barrista.

more likely translates as "coffee man"

'''''el otro lado''''' 
Spanish: the other side (in one sense or other).

'''bucket shop''' 
A stock swindle, in which one set of trades is reported to the customer, while the brokerage is really using the money in other, usually riskier trades ("bucketing"). A place where the public could bet on the daily motions of stock prices before 1929 and before the advent of instant stock quotes via the Internet.

Given the year, this may be related to the Panic of 1907. Steve/Ramon bought stocks on margin and when they went south he was slammed.

'''flimming''' 
Probably = indulging in flimflam (fraud, swindles)

'''''norte''''' 
north wind.

'''Plaza de Toros''' 
A bullring.

'''[S]louching away into the yellow opacity, he invited them all up to a wingding [...] that evening.''' 
Compare with T.S. Eliot's ''Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'':

<blockquote>
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes 
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening</blockquote>
[[User:Bean|remy]] 09:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

==Page 639==

'''Rio Bravo''' 
Mexican name for the river known in the US as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande Rio Grande].

'''Ramos gin fizzes''' 
The original [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/ramos-gin-fizz.html Ramos gin fizz] was invented in the 1880s by Henry C. Ramos, in his bar at Meyer's Restaurant, this is one of New Orleans' most famous drinks.

'''jungles of Tehuantepec''' 
Jungles of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec The Isthmus of Tehuantepec] in Mexico. The isthmus represents the shortest distance between the Guld of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

'''unnatural boom''' 
Another paramorphic mirroring of the 21st/20th centuries; tech stock boom/bust of ~2000.

'''Baku''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Baku]].

'''skeeters''' 
mosquitoes

'''adios ''chingamadre''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, motherfucker.

==Page 640==

'''Valkyrie''' 
In Norse mythology the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie Valkyries] are minor female deities.

'''Mondragón semiautomatics''' 
A self-loading rifle designed and patented by Mexican General Mondragón in 1896 — so it was only 10 years ago. It's magazine capacity was of 8-round or 10-round box, or later 30-round drum (for German service). For a picture of the refined 1908 model and its 1907 patent see [http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl26-e.htm Mondgragón M1908 rifle].

'''Springfield''' 
An American magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle Springfield].

'''Schnecken rigs''' 
A possible anachronism, but it is hard to be sure. The German word ''Schnecken'' in the small-arms context (''Schneckenmagazin'') refers to what's called a "cylindrical magazine" in English. The best-known weapon using this magazine is the Russian PP-19 Bison submachine gun, but the Bison is based in part on Kalashnikov technology and hence could not have been developed until after World War II. [http://88.198.24.206/invisionboard/lofiversion/index.php/t20170.html The definitive online information] on the Bison not only identifies it as using the ''Schneckenmagazin'' but also contains excellent cutaway drawings of the "helical feed" system; use your browser's search function to find the word Bison. [http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg08-e.htm This page] has a photo and specs in English. The Schnecken rig is definitely ''not'' the drum magazine used with the American Thompson submachine gun in the 1920s.

'''anti-Porfiristas''' 
Opponents of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, hence left wing. Eventually, ten years later, to become the Mexican Revolution led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

'''the Pánuco''' 
''Río Pánuco'', a river in Veracruz state, east-central Mexico. It is formed by the junction of the Moctezuma and Tamuín rivers on the San Luis Potosí-Veracruz state line, the Pánuco meanders generally east-northeastward past the town of Pánuco to the Guld of Mexico about 6 miles below Tampico.

==Page 641==

'''Mondragóns will get you through''' 
Echoes the wonderful 1970s slogan "Dope will get you through times of no money better than money will get you through times of no dope."

'''hidalgo''' 
Coin with a portrait of Miguel Hidalgo (1753 – 1811), hero of the Mexican war of independence against Spain.

'''''este . . . perdón''''' 
this . . . sorry

==Page 642==

'''La Fotinga Huasteca''' 
''Fotinga'' is Spanish: jalopy. ''Huasteca'' is a region of the Sierra Madre Oriental north of San Luis Potosí. A local equivalent to "Tijuana Taxi"?

'''''batería''''' 
Spanish: battery (collection of percussion instruments).

'''[T]hat dirty li'l back-shootin Bob Ford.''' 
Ford shot notorious outlaw Jesse James in the back on April 3, 1882; Ford himself was shotgunned to death in 1892. The event inspired one Billy Gashade to pen the verse that became the popular folk ballad "Jesse James," recorded by Pete Seeger, Bruce Springsteen, and many others. 
[[User:bnilsson|bnilsson]] 01:41, 2 January 2007 (EDT)

'''''resentimientos''''' 
resentments.

'''eight seconds . . . rodeo''' 
A bull rider must stay aboard for eight seconds to score.

'''cerverzas Bohemias''' 
Bohemias (brand) beers, a Mexican beer.

'''Cuervo Extra''' 
a kind of tequila ?

==Page 643==

'''''frontera''''' 
Spanish: frontier.

'''drygulched''' 
Ambushed, betrayed.

'''Krag-Jorgensens''' 
Repeating-bolt-action rifles designed by the Norwegians Ole Krag and Erik Jorgensen in late 19th century (1886). From 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krag-J%C3%B8rgensen Krag-Jorgensens] were used by the United States army as standard arms. And now it is a popular collector item.

'''Juárez''' 
''Ciudad Juárez'', or simply ''Juárez'', is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It stands on the Rio Grande across the border from El Paso, Texas. [http://www.juarez-mexico.com/ Juárez] is the major port of entry and trnasportation center of north central Mexico.

'''''Vaya con Dios, pendejo''''' 
Spanish: Go with God, asshole.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 615-643

2008-10-10T22:55:59Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 616 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 615==

'''''Kreditbrief''''' 
German: letter of credit.

==Page 616==

'''Auditorienhaus''' 
Building housing auditoriums (and in this case a library).

'''Riemann's ''Habilitationsschrift''''' 
In Germany a new faculty member presents a lecture or, in this case, a thesis on taking up office. 
Riemann's lecture, ''On the Hypotheses that Lie at the Foundation of Geometry'', delivered on June 10, 1854. It became a classic of mathematics.

The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation Habilitation] is actually a formal process for giving a person the right to teach university courses independently (i.e. without a formal assignment) and supervise doctoral candidates. This right is usually referred to as venia docendi or venia legendi in Germany. The process consists of delivering a thesis (Habilitationsschrift) and giving a lecture.

'''the 1859 paper on primes''' 
In August 1859 Riemann presented a paper, ''On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity'', to the Berlin Academy of Science. In the middle of that paper he made what later was called the ''Riemann Hypothesis'' (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:conjecture]]). Today, after nearly 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, it remains unproved.

'''''Achphänomen''''' 
German: the "aha" phenomenon.

'''''Tchetvyortoye Izmereniye''''' 
Today more likely transliterated ''Chetvertoe izmerenie.'' Russian: (the) fourth dimension.

'''''"Yob tvoyu mat'"''''' 
Russian: Fuck your mother. It's as impolite as it looks, but used way more often than in English.

'''Otzovists''' 
A splinter Bolshevik faction. The name comes from the noun ''otzyv'' meaning "recall"; it does not mean "god-builders." The group (existing under this name only in 1908-9) demanded the recall of Social Democrats from the national legislature.

'''Lenin''' 
[http://www.bartleby.com/65/le/Lenin-Vl.html Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov aka Lenin] (1870-1924), Russian revolutionary and founder of Bolshevism and the major force behind the October Revolution, 1917. He studied law at Kazan University but only practiced law for a couple of years before becoming a professional revolutionary. He was arrested in 1895 for his opinions and activities, and was exiled to Siberia in 1897 for three years. At the end of his exile he went to Switzerland in 1900 and became the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1903, and returned to Russia in 1905 during the 1905 Revolution. He left Russia in 1907 and only returned in April, 1917 with Germany's connivance. Lenin inaugurated the ''dictatorship of the proletariat'' after the October Revolution. He died on January 21, 1924 and became the demi-god of the Soviet Union. According to ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'' (1988) Lenin was "shrewd, dynamic, im[placable, pedantic, opportunist, as ice-cold in his economic reasoning as in his impersonal political hatreds that could encompass millions. . . . He inspired in the name of democracy a despotism boundless in the power of its ambition and sense of destiny.''

'''Bolshevists''' 
Commonly called ''Bolsheviks''. At the Second Congress of the Russia's Social Democratic Labor Party in August, 1903 there was a dispute between Lenin and Martov, two of the party's leaders. Lenin argued for a small party of highly disciplined, centralized and dedicated professional revolutionary elites with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters. Martov disagreed believing it was better to have a mass party of activists. At the end of the debate Lenin won a narrow victory: 28 to 23 (the only time in the party history up to then Lenin had a majority behind him). From then on, the Party was split into Lenin's faction called themselves ''Bolsheviks'' (majority) and Martov's faction known as ''Mensheviks'' (minority). The split became permanent as both groups' policy and practice diverged more and more. In 1912, Lenin's Bolsheviks faction formed a separate Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) which in 1918, after they came to power, changed its name to All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). It finally became Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1952 which was dissolved in 1991.

'''anti-Materialist''' 
Marxism belongs to the materialist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism] strain of the Western philosophical tradition, stating that the only objective reality is matter. The orthodox Marxist doctrine is divided into historical materialism (which claims that changes of society and even the non-material "superstructure" are determined by economical processes, and thus materially caused); and dialectical materialism, proposed by Engels and then Lenin, which is basically a philosophy of nature combined with a rather crude gnoseology. The latter maintains that matter is the only substance and it is inherently and objectively dialectical in nature, i.e. it is in constant development due to the interactions of conflicting forces on all levels. An anti-Materialist (like Mach, who was denounced as a "subjective Idealist") is one who is against such belief.

'''Mach''' 
Austrian physicist and philosopher. A strong critic of Newtonian absolute time and absolute space. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:Ernst Mach]] (1838-1916). He was the target of Lenin's attack in his best-known attempt to create a Marxist philosophy (in the technical sense), ''Materialism and Empiriocriticism''.

'''Ouspensky''' 
Russian mystic and author of ''The Fourth Dimension''. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 602|page 602:Young Ouspensky]] (1878-1947).

==Page 617==

'''above this galley-slave repetition of days''' 
ATD motif i.e. rebel against the quotidian day.

'''the already seen''' 
. . . which we know better under the French term ''déjà vu.''

'''Staring at the wallpaper.''' 
A parallel to Kovalevskaya, whose father used Ostrogradsky notes to cover
the walls. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaia wiki].

'''''i, j,'' and ''k'', the unit vectors''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526:Gibbsian Vectors]].

==Page 618==

'''''Schnitte''''' 
Plural of ''Schnitt.'' German: cuts.

'''multiply-connected spaces''' 
In topology, geometrical objects or spaces are connected but not simply connected are called multiply-connected spaces. In mathematics, a geometrical object or space is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply-connected simply connected] if it consists of one piece and doesn't have any "holes" that pass all the way through it. For example, neither a doughout nor a coffee cup with handle is simply connected, and so both are [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MultiplyConnected.html multiply connected]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply_connected Also see Wikipedia] for a fine, relatively nontechnical explanation. Sea-ice and Venice were described as multiply connected spaces on [[ATD_119-148#Page_136|p. 136.]]

''''vector space'''' 
In mathematics, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space vector space] is a collection of objects, vectors, that may be scaled and added.

'''space of higher dimensionality''' 
Hypersphere. A four-dimensional hypersphere is currently considered the possible shape of our universe. (A 4-D hypersphere is to a 3-D sphere, what a 3-D sphere is to a circle.) In mathematics, [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hypersphere.html Hypersphere] can be n-dimensional with n = 4 and greater. Also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersphere Hypersphere of Wiki Entry].

'''''nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing, "it doesn't matter".

'''if it doesn't work with gold, the next step will be lead''' 
Cowboy alchemy. If you can't settle your dispute with money, you will have to shoot it out. There's a reference to this process on page 105.

'''it's this damned English practice of talking in code''' 
Refers to commonly noted English cultural tendency to avoid direct expression in conversation.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
The Britain and Russia settled a number of differences in Asia. And with both countries concerned about Germany but friendly with France they concluded the Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg. It defined their respective spheres of interest in Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet, with Russia taking the northern areas of Persia and Britain taking the Persian Guld area in the south. Its primary aim was to keep Germany out of that region.

==Page 619==

'''''Bierstube''''' 
German: tavern, beer hall.

==Page 620==

'''''akousmaton''''' 
In ''AtD'' the plural ''akousmata'' occurs more often. [[A|Look it up in the alphabetical "A" page.]]

'''eidolon''' 
From Greek: image, picture.

'''minié ball''' 
Rifle bullet with a conical head used in muzzle-loading firearms. [[ATD_97-118#Page_101|See the fuller annotation on p. 101.]]

'''Zirconium''' 
A steel-gray hard ductile metallic element with a high melting point that occurs widely in combined form, is highly resistant to corrosion, and is used especially in alloys and in refractories and ceramics. 
Zirconium is often confused with ''zircon'' and even more often with ''zirconia.'' Zircon is a gemstone consisting chiefly of zirconium silicate. Zirconia is the oxide of zirconium. "Cubic zirconia" became a popular surrogate gem a couple of decades ago.

'''galena''' 
a bluish-gray cubic mineral with metallic luster consisting of lead sulfide and constituting the principal ore of lead.

==Page 621==

'''Reckon ''yo tengo que'' get ''el'' fuck out of ''aquí''''' 
Macaronic Spanish/English: Reckon I'd better get the fuck out of here. 
Kit said the same thing when he decided to leave Yale (page 318).

'''''Zum Mickifest! Komm, komm!''''' 
German: To the Mickey party, come, come! "Mickey Finn" = knockout drops such as chloral hydrate (see any film noir).

'''''K.O.-Tropfen''''' 
German: K.O. (= knockout) drops.

==Page 622==

'''Group-theoretical implications''' 
Introductions to group theory often use "symmetry under rotation" as an illustration. You can rotate a square 90 degrees and get the same square, and likewise 180 and 270 degrees, so the square has fourfold symmetry. Here Gottlob applies a similar concept to the printed words ''pun'' and ''und,'' which alternate with every 180 degree rotation.

'''rhonchus''' 
a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partly obstructed.

'''''Gottlob! Wo ist deine Spritze?''''' 
German: Gottlob, where is your syringe?

'''''"Streng reserviert für den Elefanten!"''''' 
German: Strictly reserved for the elephant (not elephants).

==Page 623==

'''strychnine''' 
a bitter poisonous alkaloid that is obtained from ''nux vomica'' and related plants, and is used as a poison (as for rodents) and medicinally as a stimulant of the central nervous system.

'''Noncommutative . . . Asymmetric''' 
A relation like "cures" is ''commutative'' if "A cures B" implies that "B cures A" and vice versa. Here the situation is fuzzier because a total cure is not at issue: "Chloral alleviates the effects of strychnine" and "Strychnine alleviates the effects of chloral" are both true, so ''noncommutative'' doesn't quite apply, but one is more true than the other, so ''asymmetric'' is a better choice of word.

'''''Verfluchte cowboy!''''' 
German: Damn cowboy! (should be ''Verfluchter Cowboy'')

'''''Achtung, Schwester!''''' 
German: Hey, Nurse!

'''''Klapsmühle''''' 
German: nut factory. (''Er hat einen Klaps'' means "He's nutty"; ''Mühle'' is a mill.)

'''one of his canonical outfits''' 
"Canonicals" is a term for priestly vestments. 
But also, in the psychology of perception, means 'typical' or 'most easily recognised as'

'''Dr. Willi Dingkopf''' 
German: Thinghead. Possibly, given other meanings of "thing", Dickhead.

==Page 624==

'''''Hebraic''''' 
Jewish.

'''you are not ''also Hebraic''''' 
Anti-Semitic Dingkopf considered Kit Jewish by his name ''Traverse''.

'''Jew Cantor, the ''Beast of Halle'', . . . to demolish the very foundations of mathematics''' 
Greg Cantor (1845-1918) taught mathematics at University of Halle from 1869-1918. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 593|page 593:Greg Cantor]]). He introduced the concepts of infinity and continuum into mathematics and thus brought about one of mathematical crises mentioned on page 594. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]]). 
Dingkopf regarded Greg Cantor Jewish by his name ''Cantor''.

==Page 625==

'''"Cantor is a practicing Lutheran." "With a name like that? Please." 
Dingkopf hears the name and obsessively thinks of the many Polish Jewish families that bear it. But the connection is not as strong as he surmises: The church of St. Thomas (Thomaskirche) in Leipzig had a staff member called Cantor or Kantor, and noted practicing Lutheran Johann Sebastian Bach held the position in his prime years. Cantor/Lutheran is not an absurdity.

'''"Dr Hilbert . . ." "Dr. . . . ''David'' Hilbert"''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page324:David Hilbet]] (1862-1943), a German mathematician. Again, Dingkopf regarded him as Jewish because of his name, ''David''.

'''''Kolonie''''' 
German: colony, compound.

'''Invisibilism''' 
The principles of this (apparently) fictional school of design bring to mind Buckminster Fuller's concept of '''ephemeralization''', which notes that as design and technology improve -- "the more ''rationally'' a structure was designed" -- the more that can be done with less, process waste converges toward zero and things become physically smaller, "less visible...to the point" -- the "Penultimate Term" -- of being all but invisible. A simple example, the telephone cord is quickly disappearing as we go to cordless phones, and transistors "grow" smaller and smaller as a corollary to Moore's law. The principle of ephemeralization can be applied to design, construction, transportation, computer and other technologies and tools.

'''into its own metastructure''' 
A German SAP engineer once explained "we control complexity through abstraction."

'''one is left with only traces in the world, a few tangles of barbed wire''' 
The Invisibilist principles are paramorphosized into a future of kolonies where only the barbed wire outlines are visible. Within the context of antisemitism in the preceding paragraphs, the text is moving from kolonies to concentration camps, concentration camps empty perhaps except for the traces of consciousness remaining, outlined in barbed wire, the plan-view of, not the Penultimate Term, but the Final Solution.

'''certain odors''' 
cf. p. 408
This has less to do with Proust and involutary memory than with "perhaps certain ''odors''[Italicized in the original] steming from a few tangles of barbed wire upwind, a wind "which itself possesses now the same index of refracton as the departed Structure..." As is explained to Kit by someone in a guard's uniform who may not actually be a guard. That certain odor seems to be the odor of smoke from the ovens.

'''refraction index''' 
Among other things a refraction index can be used to measure concentration (camps) and confirm purity (ethnic).

'''someone . . . whom Kit . . . assumed was a guard''' 
Error in grammar by Pynchon or, more charitably, introduced by a copy editor. Punctuating as ''someone who/whom (Kit assumed) was a guard'' makes the choice of pronoun clearer. Alternatively: did Kit assume someone? No, he assumed a proposition about someone: ''someone was a guard.'' When the subject of that is transformed to "who/whom" for the purpose of linking it into the sentence, it remains the subject: ''who was a guard.'' 
A quibble over a fine point? Yes, but Pynchon is renowned for his fine points, and this mistake seems to put him on a level with a news intern at a third-tier TV station. So let's consider this a teaching moment: ''Copy editors, don't impose your ignorance on good writers.''

'''''So Gut Wie Neu''''' 
German: as good as new.

'''Dirigible Field''' 
The inmates' occupational therapy is a disguise for constructing this landing facility.

'''a real Dirigible''' 
The inmates have established a cargo cult [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult Wikipedia article] or a [http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/ufos.html UFO cult.]

'''Doofland''' 
German ''doof'' means comically stupid (possibly an origin of English "doofus").

'''O Tempora, O Mores''' 
Latin: Oh, the times! Oh, the customs! (Was there really music under this title?)

Famous sentence by Cicero in his First Oration against Catiline, which means Oh the times! Oh the morals! In his opening speech against Catiline, who had previously tried to kill him, Cicero deplores the viciousness and corruption of his age. This sentence is now used as an exclamation to criticize present-day attitudes and trends, often jokingly. So, it is, indeed, an "old favorite"

'''The Black Whale of Askalon''' 
"Im Schwarzen Walfisch zu Askalon," comic song. The "Black Whale" is a tavern in the ancient Persian town of Askalon. [http://www.grainger.de/music/songs/schwarzenwalfisch.html A paraphrase of the lyrics.]

==Page 626==

'''the head of Jochanaan''' 
In Strauss' opera ''Salome'' the title character asks for and receives as tribute John the Baptist's head on a platter. John in the opera is called Jochanaan.

'''Richard Strauss's opera ''Salome'' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Richard Struass]]'s one-act opera ''Salome'' was performed first time in Dresden, Germany, on December 9, 1905. It was a sensation of the year 1905. The opera was based on the French play ''Salomé'' by Oscar Wilde. The time of action: about 30 A.D.; place of action: Jerusalem . . . for the story see [http://www.music.lv/opera/Salome/default_E.htm Salome].

'''the Five Jews''' 
In the middle of the opera ''Salome'' five Jews argued concerning the nature of God.

'''''Judeamus igitur, Judenes dum su-hu-mus''''' 
German university students used to sing ''Gaudeamus igitur, juvenes dum sumus'' ("Then let us be joyful while we are young men"); the melody forms the climax of Brahms' "Academic Festival" overture. Dr. Dingkopf, the Johnny One-Note of anti-Semitism, sings in bastard Latin, "Then let us Jew while we are Jews."

'''Ich Bin Ein Berliner''' 
JFK said "Ich bin ein Berliner" at the Berlin wall in 1963. According to Wikipedia, there is an urban legend: 
<blockquote>Kennedy should have said "Ich bin Berliner" to mean "I am a person from Berlin." By adding the indefinite article ein, his statement implied he was a non-human Berliner, thus "I am a jelly doughnut". The statement was followed by uproarious laughter.</blockquote> 
However, Wikipedia goes on to state: <blockquote>There is no grammatical error in Kennedy's statement; the indefinite article does not change its meaning. In German, the statement of origin "Ich bin ein Brandenburger" (I am a Brandenburger) is more common than "Ich bin Brandenburger" (I am Brandenburger), but both are correct. The article "ein" can be used as a form of emphasis: it implies "just one of many." As Kennedy did stress the "ein", the usage was, according to German linguist Jürgen Eichhoff [1], "not only correct, but the one and only correct way of expressing in German what the President intended to say."</blockquote> 
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:51, 19 December 2006 (PST)

And Kennedy's motto drew tumultuous cheers, not laughter; the Berliners had no trouble understanding what he meant.

Maybe a Simpsons connection as well:[http://www.anvari.org/fortune/Simpsons_Subtle_Allusions/9.html]

'''''Konditerei''''' 
German: pastry shop.

'''''Puderzucker''''' 
German: powdered sugar.

==Page 628==

'''Halfcourt? what kind of a name is that?''' 
This is Dingkopf speaking, in the context of his obsession with Jewish infiltration of British society. "What kind of a name is that?" has the subtext "Is that a ''Jewish'' name?"

'''''Der Wall''''' 
In German there are at least three words for "wall": ''Wand'' (the wall of a room), ''Mauer'' (a masonry wall) and ''Wall'' (a wall of a fortification). The infamous Berlin Wall was ''die Mauer.''

In this case 'der Wall' means the rampart on which the town wall stood. After this was razed in the 18. century a path was made on top of 'der Wall' along which Yashmeen and Kit take their walk.

'''dotted quarter rest''' 
Musical notation: brief pause.

==Page 629==

'''Hainberg''' 
Likely to be the Hainberg-Gymnasium at Göttingen http://hainberg-gymnasium.de/

'''Rheinpfalz''' 
A wine from the Rhine-Palatinate region in western Germany.

'''Deidesheimer...Herrgottsacker...Hofstück''' 
Three different wines.

'''do a bunk''' 
Flee.

==Page 630==

'''a Theosophist''' 
an adherent of theosophy professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation.

'''Sidney Reilly''' 
Sidney Reilly, aka The Ace of Spies--a real early 20th century British--and other--intelligence agent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Reilly].

'''hoosier''' 
Bumpkin; capitalized, it has a different meaning.

'''stans''' 
Countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkestan, etc.). Possible anachronism; term gained currency after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

No anachronism - in many central-asian languages (Pashtu, Dari, Farsi, etc.) '-stan' means 'land of', i.e. Afghanistan = Land of the Afghans, Nuristan = Land of Light, Frankistan = France, Germanistan = Germany, etc.

'''One Savile Row''' 
Seat of the Royal Geographical Society.

'''Kashgar''' 
Now called Kashi, a city in the extreme west of China; at the western end of the Taklimakan desert; a principal town of Chinese Turkestan. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar Kāshi (Kashgar)].

'''Auberon Halfcourt''' 
The name Auberon is derived from Oberon and related to Alberich, the dwarf in Wagner's ''Ring'' cycle. Half-court describes a reduced form of basketball. Another possible allusion (bit of a stretch, perhaps?) is to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberon_Herbert Auberon Herbert,] a British libertarian whom Benjamin Tucker described as "a true anarchist in everything but name."

==Page 631==

'''the recent Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 618|page 618:Anglio-Russian Entente]] of 1907 in which the spheres of influence in inner Asia were divided between Britain and Russia in order to keep Germany out of that region.

'''Baku and Johannesburg''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Johannesburg; Baku]].

'''One vision . . . spiritual, and the other, capitalist.''' 
Competing visions as to the significance of what lies buried beneath the sands in Central Asia. We have already seen a map that reflects [[ATD 243-272#Page 249|dual visions]] of the area. The Great Game competition shaping up in Asia is a continuation of a global 'metaphysical' conflict between materialist and integrationist tendencies.

'''lie doggo''' 
Go underground, maintain a low profile.

==Page 632==

'''Museum der Monstrositäten''' 
German: museum of monstrosities. ''Mathematical'' monstrosities.

'''motor diligence''' 
Motor taxi, as opposed to horse-drawn.

'''the Brocken''' 
The highest peak (3,750 ft) in the Harz Mountains in Germany. It is about 35 miles northeast of Göttingen. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brocken The Brocken]). 

Appears in ''GR'' where Slothrop and neophyte witch Geli Tripping encounter the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_329-336 Brockengespenst] p. 330. and ....

'''"An older Germany .... Deeper"''' 
Meaning pre-Christian Germany, as referenced earlier in the passage with the description 'witchlike'.

'''weapons somehow ''not yet decipherable''''' 
Rayguns.

==Page 633==

'''Knipfel...von Imbiss''' 
Neither one existed. Imbiss is German: snacks, fast food. *** I have a differing opinion: Knipfel is Jim Knipfel. Thomas Pynchon has read Knipfel's memoirs, enjoyed them, and blurbed them.

'''''Weierstrass Functions''''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable]].

'''''Russell's Letter''''' 
Russell's letter of June 16, 1902. (see below "Poor Frege . . .").

'''''the Set of All Sets That Are Not Members of Themselves''''' 
Russell Paradox. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 538|page 538:Bertie Russell]].

'''''parallax effect''''' 
the apparent shift of an object against a background due to a change in observer's position.

'''Poor Frege . . . about to publish his book . . .''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Frege.html Gottlob Frege] (1848-1925) was a German mathematician. He was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic putting forward the view that mathematics is reducible to logic. 
In 1893 Frege published his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 1'' in which he axiomatized arithmetic with an intuitive collection of axioms. While his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 2'' was at the printer, Frege received a letter (June 16, 1902) from Bertrand Russell in which Russell pointed out that the ''Russell Paradox'' gave a contradiction in Frege's system of axioms.

'''''Kot!''''' 
German: shit.

'''Crotona in Magna Grecia''' 
Crotona is the old Latin name of the Italian city [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotone Crotone] in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto. Ancient Crotona was long one of the most flourishing cities of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Graecia Magna Grecia] (Latin for ''Greater Greece''), the area in Southern Italy colonised by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC. Pythagoras went to Crotona at the age of 40 and most of his philosophical activities occurred there.

'''Hilbeert . . . August . . . in 1900 . . . International Congress . . . "Paris Problems" 
Paris Problems = Hilbert's Problems. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 604|page 604:the outstanding problems in mathematics]].

'''''zone of dual nature''''' 
One place that is two places: this peculiar Pynchonian form of bilocation again.

'''part "real"...part "pictorial" or let us say "fictional"''' 
Complex numbers are made up of a real number and an imaginary number (e.g "one plus the square root of negative one"), as AtD is made up of real and imaginary (fictional) parts, the effect of which (continuing into P.635) is described as "taking one beyond four dimensional environs...out into a timeless region..." This seems to be the goal of the protagonists, the author, and the reader.

==Page 634==

'''''Mengenlehre''''' 
German: set theory.

'''one is thrust . . . into a timeless region''' 
Like one of those funhouse rooms where gravity is reversed.

'''ZU DEN QUATERNIONEN''' 
German railway stations all have a big sign: ZU DEN ZÜGEN, to the trains. Here it's to the quaternions.

'''Nernst light''' 
Light from [[ATD_429-459#Page 437|page 437:Nernst Lamp]].

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 561|page 561:Brougham Bridge]].

'''complex knife''' 
"part real and part imaginary", and there is a "real" reproduction nearby. These are ''aides memoires'', inspirations--perhaps the dimensions beyond are literally located in imagination, mental spaces.

'''Sofia Kovalevskaia and . . . Weierstrass''' 
From 1870 Weierstrass was Kovalevskaia's mathematics tutor in Berlin. He gave Kovalevskaia private lessons twice a week for four years. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia]]. 
Here, as on page 500, there is a hint of romantic involvement between the teacher and the student.

'''Lebesgue''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lebesgue.html Henri Lebesgue] (1875-1941) was a French mathematician. He formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and the following year he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral.

'''"surface devoid of tangent planes"''' 
In other words, discontinuous functions. 
Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions based largely on the Riemann method of integration. However, in 1902, Lebesgue extended the concept of the area below a curve to include many ''discontinuous functions'' and thus generalised the notion of the Riemann integral and revolutionised th eintegral calculus.

'''. . . everywhere continuous and nowhere differentiable''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiabl, Weierstrass function]] and [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crsis in mathematics]].

==Page 635==

'''The Kaiser now seeks in Mexico . . . opportunities for mischief toward the U.S.''' 
Now and for years to come: America's entry into World War One was spurred in part by the Kaiser's offer to return part of the Southwest to Mexico.

'''''Rosinenkacker''''' 
German: one who shits raisins. More commonly "Korinthenkacker", insulting term for a very pedantic person.

'''a world line...never travel''' 
A world line is a tensor, a four-dimensional vector through space ''and'' time, therefore a history. Here Gunther is describing the closing off of his future possibilities. In quantum theory observation causes possible states to 'collapse' into one measured state; hence, the past observed from the present is deterministic (it has only one possible state), but the present observed from the past has many possible states until our actions cause it to collapse into one state. Our actions will then be seen to have been inevitable, a world line [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel]. Hence: "Ach, das Schiksal".

'''''Ach, das Schicksal''''' 
German: ah, fate.

'''chloral to coffee''' 
A depressant to a stimulant, antipodal (opposite) effects on neuronal function. 

'''that terrible ecstasy known to result from unmediated observation of the beautiful''' 
Cf. Rilke, First Duino Elegy:
"For beauty is nothing but
the beginning of terror, that we are still able to bear,
and we revere it so, because it calmly disdains
to destroy us. Every Angel is terror." 
Rilke features strongly in V and GR (with Weissmann/Blicero). The idea that 'the sublime' involves an element of terror is fundamental to Romanticism.

May also be an allusion to what is known as "Stendhal Syndrome" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal_syndrome], a psychosomatic illness that causes rapid heartbeat, dizziness, confusion and even hallucinations when an individual is exposed to art, usually when the art is particularly 'beautiful' or a large amount of art is in a single place. The term can also be used to describe a similar reaction to a surfeit of choice in other circumstances, e.g. when confronted with immense beauty in the natural world. It is said that a lot of tourists who visit Florence and Venice experience it.

==Page 636==

'''Children''' 
The preceding sections are a concise, riotous, poignant summary of life at an institute of higher learning; students and to some extent faculty are, notoriously, children at play. Yashmeen, Kit and Gunther are graduating, without diplomas but going out of the hothouse atmosphere of the University into the "real world". But given the preceding 5 pages, how real is that? 
But this is not so much about the University as about 'the Museum' on the Brocken, and the issue is really who is speaking. Who would feel qualified to call them 'children'? They're in a 'strange, underground temple' and the Brocken is an ancient, magical place. Associated especially with witches and 'the Spectre of the Brocken', an aerial phenomenon that resembles a human figure (actually the shadow of the viewer on the mist).

'''The next time you visit...''' 
The University never looks the same after graduation; also, nothing ever does: Heraclitus' dictum that no man ever steps in the same river twice. Time (''pace'' Proust) cannot be reclaimed (even if you can find the tesseract's entrance again)because even if you go back in time, you are not the same person you were; you have been changed by experience. 
Again, it's 'the Museum' that's closing. This isn't the Museum of Professor Klein at the University, mentioned on p. 632, it's a 'nocturnal equivalent' out on the Brocken.

'''"You know who I am."''' 
Cf. Leonard Cohen:
"You know who I am, you've stared at the sun.
I am the one who loves changing from nothing to one."
Some sort of god of mathematics, the curator of the museum?
The Spectre of the Brocken (seen by Slothrop and Geli in GR)? Rilke's angel, the terrible ecstasy referred to on p. 635? All three? 
Another possibility: the author. After all, the characters are his 'children', his creations. And in a fiction, the author is God. The Museum that he's closing isn't only a museum of mathematics, it's a musuem of ''narratives'' about mathematics.

==Page 637==

'''caldo tlapeno''' 
Mexican chicken vegetable soup.

'''Tampico''' 
Tampico means "the place of the otters". As a city, it is Mexico's second most important commercial port along the Gulf of Mexico, is located on the southeastern tip of Tamaulipas. The State of Tamaulipas is on the northeast side of Mexico directly south of Texas; but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampico Tampico] is about 300 miles from the US border.

'''Chiapas''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas Chiapas] is a poor and largely agricultural stat in the southeast of Mexico. It is best known for its 1994 Zapatista movement.

'''"El Atildado"''' 
Spanish: the neat man. But it also suggests "the man marked with a tilde" (see page 600). When reading this passage aloud, think about how to stress the word "also" in "a gift Günther von Quassel had ''also'' been blessed with."

(In mathematical notation, the tilde "~" means "approximately" or "is proportional to," depending on country.)

==Page 638==

'''''Bohnen''''' 
German: beans

'''Maragogype''' 
As Gunther says, a variety of coffee bean, large in size, grown in Mexico and Central America [http://coffeeplus.com.au/coffees/7443.html].

'''Arbuckles''' 
Not only a brand of coffee, but a method of preparation also known as "Cowboy Coffee" similar to Turkish/Greek coffee in one boils the grounds in the water [http://www.ineedcoffee.com/02/04/cowboycoffee/]. Synonymous here with "plain old, unfancified coffee"--perhaps a swipe at 21st century coffee gourmets and at Starbucks. Another paramorphic-mirror image of the early 21st century in the early 20th. 
Cowhands expected their coffee to be ‘brown gargle”, hot, black, strong and thick enough to float a six shooter in. 
It's really, really hard to equate cowboy coffee to Greek coffee. Greek (Turkish, Serbian) coffee is made from beans ground to powder and boiled for a few seconds, usually in sugar syrup. Grounds in the cup are a virtue. Cowboy coffee starts as coarse grounds, which are boiled for several minutes (or, heaven help us, longer) and often "refined" with eggshells, which cause the grounds to settle out.

'''''cafetalero''''' 
Perhaps as in ''pistolero''; i.e. a barrista.

more likely translates as "coffee man"

'''''el otro lado''''' 
Spanish: the other side (in one sense or other).

'''bucket shop''' 
A stock swindle, in which one set of trades is reported to the customer, while the brokerage is really using the money in other, usually riskier trades ("bucketing"). A place where the public could bet on the daily motions of stock prices before 1929 and before the advent of instant stock quotes via the Internet.

Given the year, this may be related to the Panic of 1907. Steve/Ramon bought stocks on margin and when they went south he was slammed.

'''flimming''' 
Probably = indulging in flimflam (fraud, swindles)

'''''norte''''' 
north wind.

'''Plaza de Toros''' 
A bullring.

'''[S]louching away into the yellow opacity, he invited them all up to a wingding [...] that evening.''' 
Compare with T.S. Eliot's ''Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'':

<blockquote>
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes 
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening</blockquote>
[[User:Bean|remy]] 09:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

==Page 639==

'''Rio Bravo''' 
Mexican name for the river known in the US as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande Rio Grande].

'''Ramos gin fizzes''' 
The original [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/ramos-gin-fizz.html Ramos gin fizz] was invented in the 1880s by Henry C. Ramos, in his bar at Meyer's Restaurant, this is one of New Orleans' most famous drinks.

'''jungles of Tehuantepec''' 
Jungles of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec The Isthmus of Tehuantepec] in Mexico. The isthmus represents the shortest distance between the Guld of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

'''unnatural boom''' 
Another paramorphic mirroring of the 21st/20th centuries; tech stock boom/bust of ~2000.

'''Baku''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Baku]].

'''skeeters''' 
mosquitoes

'''adios ''chingamadre''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, motherfucker.

==Page 640==

'''Valkyrie''' 
In Norse mythology the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie Valkyries] are minor female deities.

'''Mondragón semiautomatics''' 
A self-loading rifle designed and patented by Mexican General Mondragón in 1896 — so it was only 10 years ago. It's magazine capacity was of 8-round or 10-round box, or later 30-round drum (for German service). For a picture of the refined 1908 model and its 1907 patent see [http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl26-e.htm Mondgragón M1908 rifle].

'''Springfield''' 
An American magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle Springfield].

'''Schnecken rigs''' 
A possible anachronism, but it is hard to be sure. The German word ''Schnecken'' in the small-arms context (''Schneckenmagazin'') refers to what's called a "cylindrical magazine" in English. The best-known weapon using this magazine is the Russian PP-19 Bison submachine gun, but the Bison is based in part on Kalashnikov technology and hence could not have been developed until after World War II. [http://88.198.24.206/invisionboard/lofiversion/index.php/t20170.html The definitive online information] on the Bison not only identifies it as using the ''Schneckenmagazin'' but also contains excellent cutaway drawings of the "helical feed" system; use your browser's search function to find the word Bison. [http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg08-e.htm This page] has a photo and specs in English. The Schnecken rig is definitely ''not'' the drum magazine used with the American Thompson submachine gun in the 1920s.

'''anti-Porfiristas''' 
Opponents of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, hence left wing. Eventually, ten years later, to become the Mexican Revolution led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

'''the Pánuco''' 
''Río Pánuco'', a river in Veracruz state, east-central Mexico. It is formed by the junction of the Moctezuma and Tamuín rivers on the San Luis Potosí-Veracruz state line, the Pánuco meanders generally east-northeastward past the town of Pánuco to the Guld of Mexico about 6 miles below Tampico.

==Page 641==

'''Mondragóns will get you through''' 
Echoes the wonderful 1970s slogan "Dope will get you through times of no money better than money will get you through times of no dope."

'''hidalgo''' 
Coin with a portrait of Miguel Hidalgo (1753 – 1811), hero of the Mexican war of independence against Spain.

'''''este . . . perdón''''' 
this . . . sorry

==Page 642==

'''La Fotinga Huasteca''' 
''Fotinga'' is Spanish: jalopy. ''Huasteca'' is a region of the Sierra Madre Oriental north of San Luis Potosí. A local equivalent to "Tijuana Taxi"?

'''''batería''''' 
Spanish: battery (collection of percussion instruments).

'''[T]hat dirty li'l back-shootin Bob Ford.''' 
Ford shot notorious outlaw Jesse James in the back on April 3, 1882; Ford himself was shotgunned to death in 1892. The event inspired one Billy Gashade to pen the verse that became the popular folk ballad "Jesse James," recorded by Pete Seeger, Bruce Springsteen, and many others. 
[[User:bnilsson|bnilsson]] 01:41, 2 January 2007 (EDT)

'''''resentimientos''''' 
resentments.

'''eight seconds . . . rodeo''' 
A bull rider must stay aboard for eight seconds to score.

'''cerverzas Bohemias''' 
Bohemias (brand) beers, a Mexican beer.

'''Cuervo Extra''' 
a kind of tequila ?

==Page 643==

'''''frontera''''' 
Spanish: frontier.

'''drygulched''' 
Ambushed, betrayed.

'''Krag-Jorgensens''' 
Repeating-bolt-action rifles designed by the Norwegians Ole Krag and Erik Jorgensen in late 19th century (1886). From 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krag-J%C3%B8rgensen Krag-Jorgensens] were used by the United States army as standard arms. And now it is a popular collector item.

'''Juárez''' 
''Ciudad Juárez'', or simply ''Juárez'', is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It stands on the Rio Grande across the border from El Paso, Texas. [http://www.juarez-mexico.com/ Juárez] is the major port of entry and trnasportation center of north central Mexico.

'''''Vaya con Dios, pendejo''''' 
Spanish: Go with God, asshole.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 615-643

2008-10-10T22:55:17Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 616 */ describe Habilitation

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 615==

'''''Kreditbrief''''' 
German: letter of credit.

==Page 616==

'''Auditorienhaus''' 
Building housing auditoriums (and in this case a library).

'''Riemann's ''Habilitationsschrift''''' 
In Germany a new faculty member presents a lecture or, in this case, a thesis on taking up office. 
Riemann's lecture, ''On the Hypotheses that Lie at the Foundation of Geometry'', delivered on June 10, 1854. It became a classic of mathematics.

The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation Habilitation] is actually a formal process for giving a person the right to teach university courses independently (i.e. without a formal assignment) and supervise doctoral candidates. This right is usually referred to as venia docendi or venia legendi in Germany. The process consists of delivering a thesis (Habilitationsschrift) and giving a lecture.

'''the 1859 paper on primes''' 
In August 1859 Riemann presented a paper, ''On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity'', to the Berlin Academy of Science. In the middle of that paper he made what later was called the ''Reimann Hypothesis'' (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:conjecture]]). Today, after nearly 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, it remains unproved.

'''''Achphänomen''''' 
German: the "aha" phenomenon.

'''''Tchetvyortoye Izmereniye''''' 
Today more likely transliterated ''Chetvertoe izmerenie.'' Russian: (the) fourth dimension.

'''''"Yob tvoyu mat'"''''' 
Russian: Fuck your mother. It's as impolite as it looks, but used way more often than in English.

'''Otzovists''' 
A splinter Bolshevik faction. The name comes from the noun ''otzyv'' meaning "recall"; it does not mean "god-builders." The group (existing under this name only in 1908-9) demanded the recall of Social Democrats from the national legislature.

'''Lenin''' 
[http://www.bartleby.com/65/le/Lenin-Vl.html Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov aka Lenin] (1870-1924), Russian revolutionary and founder of Bolshevism and the major force behind the October Revolution, 1917. He studied law at Kazan University but only practiced law for a couple of years before becoming a professional revolutionary. He was arrested in 1895 for his opinions and activities, and was exiled to Siberia in 1897 for three years. At the end of his exile he went to Switzerland in 1900 and became the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1903, and returned to Russia in 1905 during the 1905 Revolution. He left Russia in 1907 and only returned in April, 1917 with Germany's connivance. Lenin inaugurated the ''dictatorship of the proletariat'' after the October Revolution. He died on January 21, 1924 and became the demi-god of the Soviet Union. According to ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'' (1988) Lenin was "shrewd, dynamic, im[placable, pedantic, opportunist, as ice-cold in his economic reasoning as in his impersonal political hatreds that could encompass millions. . . . He inspired in the name of democracy a despotism boundless in the power of its ambition and sense of destiny.''

'''Bolshevists''' 
Commonly called ''Bolsheviks''. At the Second Congress of the Russia's Social Democratic Labor Party in August, 1903 there was a dispute between Lenin and Martov, two of the party's leaders. Lenin argued for a small party of highly disciplined, centralized and dedicated professional revolutionary elites with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters. Martov disagreed believing it was better to have a mass party of activists. At the end of the debate Lenin won a narrow victory: 28 to 23 (the only time in the party history up to then Lenin had a majority behind him). From then on, the Party was split into Lenin's faction called themselves ''Bolsheviks'' (majority) and Martov's faction known as ''Mensheviks'' (minority). The split became permanent as both groups' policy and practice diverged more and more. In 1912, Lenin's Bolsheviks faction formed a separate Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) which in 1918, after they came to power, changed its name to All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). It finally became Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1952 which was dissolved in 1991.

'''anti-Materialist''' 
Marxism belongs to the materialist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism] strain of the Western philosophical tradition, stating that the only objective reality is matter. The orthodox Marxist doctrine is divided into historical materialism (which claims that changes of society and even the non-material "superstructure" are determined by economical processes, and thus materially caused); and dialectical materialism, proposed by Engels and then Lenin, which is basically a philosophy of nature combined with a rather crude gnoseology. The latter maintains that matter is the only substance and it is inherently and objectively dialectical in nature, i.e. it is in constant development due to the interactions of conflicting forces on all levels. An anti-Materialist (like Mach, who was denounced as a "subjective Idealist") is one who is against such belief.

'''Mach''' 
Austrian physicist and philosopher. A strong critic of Newtonian absolute time and absolute space. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:Ernst Mach]] (1838-1916). He was the target of Lenin's attack in his best-known attempt to create a Marxist philosophy (in the technical sense), ''Materialism and Empiriocriticism''.

'''Ouspensky''' 
Russian mystic and author of ''The Fourth Dimension''. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 602|page 602:Young Ouspensky]] (1878-1947).

==Page 617==

'''above this galley-slave repetition of days''' 
ATD motif i.e. rebel against the quotidian day.

'''the already seen''' 
. . . which we know better under the French term ''déjà vu.''

'''Staring at the wallpaper.''' 
A parallel to Kovalevskaya, whose father used Ostrogradsky notes to cover
the walls. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaia wiki].

'''''i, j,'' and ''k'', the unit vectors''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526:Gibbsian Vectors]].

==Page 618==

'''''Schnitte''''' 
Plural of ''Schnitt.'' German: cuts.

'''multiply-connected spaces''' 
In topology, geometrical objects or spaces are connected but not simply connected are called multiply-connected spaces. In mathematics, a geometrical object or space is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply-connected simply connected] if it consists of one piece and doesn't have any "holes" that pass all the way through it. For example, neither a doughout nor a coffee cup with handle is simply connected, and so both are [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MultiplyConnected.html multiply connected]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply_connected Also see Wikipedia] for a fine, relatively nontechnical explanation. Sea-ice and Venice were described as multiply connected spaces on [[ATD_119-148#Page_136|p. 136.]]

''''vector space'''' 
In mathematics, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space vector space] is a collection of objects, vectors, that may be scaled and added.

'''space of higher dimensionality''' 
Hypersphere. A four-dimensional hypersphere is currently considered the possible shape of our universe. (A 4-D hypersphere is to a 3-D sphere, what a 3-D sphere is to a circle.) In mathematics, [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hypersphere.html Hypersphere] can be n-dimensional with n = 4 and greater. Also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersphere Hypersphere of Wiki Entry].

'''''nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing, "it doesn't matter".

'''if it doesn't work with gold, the next step will be lead''' 
Cowboy alchemy. If you can't settle your dispute with money, you will have to shoot it out. There's a reference to this process on page 105.

'''it's this damned English practice of talking in code''' 
Refers to commonly noted English cultural tendency to avoid direct expression in conversation.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
The Britain and Russia settled a number of differences in Asia. And with both countries concerned about Germany but friendly with France they concluded the Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg. It defined their respective spheres of interest in Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet, with Russia taking the northern areas of Persia and Britain taking the Persian Guld area in the south. Its primary aim was to keep Germany out of that region.

==Page 619==

'''''Bierstube''''' 
German: tavern, beer hall.

==Page 620==

'''''akousmaton''''' 
In ''AtD'' the plural ''akousmata'' occurs more often. [[A|Look it up in the alphabetical "A" page.]]

'''eidolon''' 
From Greek: image, picture.

'''minié ball''' 
Rifle bullet with a conical head used in muzzle-loading firearms. [[ATD_97-118#Page_101|See the fuller annotation on p. 101.]]

'''Zirconium''' 
A steel-gray hard ductile metallic element with a high melting point that occurs widely in combined form, is highly resistant to corrosion, and is used especially in alloys and in refractories and ceramics. 
Zirconium is often confused with ''zircon'' and even more often with ''zirconia.'' Zircon is a gemstone consisting chiefly of zirconium silicate. Zirconia is the oxide of zirconium. "Cubic zirconia" became a popular surrogate gem a couple of decades ago.

'''galena''' 
a bluish-gray cubic mineral with metallic luster consisting of lead sulfide and constituting the principal ore of lead.

==Page 621==

'''Reckon ''yo tengo que'' get ''el'' fuck out of ''aquí''''' 
Macaronic Spanish/English: Reckon I'd better get the fuck out of here. 
Kit said the same thing when he decided to leave Yale (page 318).

'''''Zum Mickifest! Komm, komm!''''' 
German: To the Mickey party, come, come! "Mickey Finn" = knockout drops such as chloral hydrate (see any film noir).

'''''K.O.-Tropfen''''' 
German: K.O. (= knockout) drops.

==Page 622==

'''Group-theoretical implications''' 
Introductions to group theory often use "symmetry under rotation" as an illustration. You can rotate a square 90 degrees and get the same square, and likewise 180 and 270 degrees, so the square has fourfold symmetry. Here Gottlob applies a similar concept to the printed words ''pun'' and ''und,'' which alternate with every 180 degree rotation.

'''rhonchus''' 
a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partly obstructed.

'''''Gottlob! Wo ist deine Spritze?''''' 
German: Gottlob, where is your syringe?

'''''"Streng reserviert für den Elefanten!"''''' 
German: Strictly reserved for the elephant (not elephants).

==Page 623==

'''strychnine''' 
a bitter poisonous alkaloid that is obtained from ''nux vomica'' and related plants, and is used as a poison (as for rodents) and medicinally as a stimulant of the central nervous system.

'''Noncommutative . . . Asymmetric''' 
A relation like "cures" is ''commutative'' if "A cures B" implies that "B cures A" and vice versa. Here the situation is fuzzier because a total cure is not at issue: "Chloral alleviates the effects of strychnine" and "Strychnine alleviates the effects of chloral" are both true, so ''noncommutative'' doesn't quite apply, but one is more true than the other, so ''asymmetric'' is a better choice of word.

'''''Verfluchte cowboy!''''' 
German: Damn cowboy! (should be ''Verfluchter Cowboy'')

'''''Achtung, Schwester!''''' 
German: Hey, Nurse!

'''''Klapsmühle''''' 
German: nut factory. (''Er hat einen Klaps'' means "He's nutty"; ''Mühle'' is a mill.)

'''one of his canonical outfits''' 
"Canonicals" is a term for priestly vestments. 
But also, in the psychology of perception, means 'typical' or 'most easily recognised as'

'''Dr. Willi Dingkopf''' 
German: Thinghead. Possibly, given other meanings of "thing", Dickhead.

==Page 624==

'''''Hebraic''''' 
Jewish.

'''you are not ''also Hebraic''''' 
Anti-Semitic Dingkopf considered Kit Jewish by his name ''Traverse''.

'''Jew Cantor, the ''Beast of Halle'', . . . to demolish the very foundations of mathematics''' 
Greg Cantor (1845-1918) taught mathematics at University of Halle from 1869-1918. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 593|page 593:Greg Cantor]]). He introduced the concepts of infinity and continuum into mathematics and thus brought about one of mathematical crises mentioned on page 594. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]]). 
Dingkopf regarded Greg Cantor Jewish by his name ''Cantor''.

==Page 625==

'''"Cantor is a practicing Lutheran." "With a name like that? Please." 
Dingkopf hears the name and obsessively thinks of the many Polish Jewish families that bear it. But the connection is not as strong as he surmises: The church of St. Thomas (Thomaskirche) in Leipzig had a staff member called Cantor or Kantor, and noted practicing Lutheran Johann Sebastian Bach held the position in his prime years. Cantor/Lutheran is not an absurdity.

'''"Dr Hilbert . . ." "Dr. . . . ''David'' Hilbert"''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page324:David Hilbet]] (1862-1943), a German mathematician. Again, Dingkopf regarded him as Jewish because of his name, ''David''.

'''''Kolonie''''' 
German: colony, compound.

'''Invisibilism''' 
The principles of this (apparently) fictional school of design bring to mind Buckminster Fuller's concept of '''ephemeralization''', which notes that as design and technology improve -- "the more ''rationally'' a structure was designed" -- the more that can be done with less, process waste converges toward zero and things become physically smaller, "less visible...to the point" -- the "Penultimate Term" -- of being all but invisible. A simple example, the telephone cord is quickly disappearing as we go to cordless phones, and transistors "grow" smaller and smaller as a corollary to Moore's law. The principle of ephemeralization can be applied to design, construction, transportation, computer and other technologies and tools.

'''into its own metastructure''' 
A German SAP engineer once explained "we control complexity through abstraction."

'''one is left with only traces in the world, a few tangles of barbed wire''' 
The Invisibilist principles are paramorphosized into a future of kolonies where only the barbed wire outlines are visible. Within the context of antisemitism in the preceding paragraphs, the text is moving from kolonies to concentration camps, concentration camps empty perhaps except for the traces of consciousness remaining, outlined in barbed wire, the plan-view of, not the Penultimate Term, but the Final Solution.

'''certain odors''' 
cf. p. 408
This has less to do with Proust and involutary memory than with "perhaps certain ''odors''[Italicized in the original] steming from a few tangles of barbed wire upwind, a wind "which itself possesses now the same index of refracton as the departed Structure..." As is explained to Kit by someone in a guard's uniform who may not actually be a guard. That certain odor seems to be the odor of smoke from the ovens.

'''refraction index''' 
Among other things a refraction index can be used to measure concentration (camps) and confirm purity (ethnic).

'''someone . . . whom Kit . . . assumed was a guard''' 
Error in grammar by Pynchon or, more charitably, introduced by a copy editor. Punctuating as ''someone who/whom (Kit assumed) was a guard'' makes the choice of pronoun clearer. Alternatively: did Kit assume someone? No, he assumed a proposition about someone: ''someone was a guard.'' When the subject of that is transformed to "who/whom" for the purpose of linking it into the sentence, it remains the subject: ''who was a guard.'' 
A quibble over a fine point? Yes, but Pynchon is renowned for his fine points, and this mistake seems to put him on a level with a news intern at a third-tier TV station. So let's consider this a teaching moment: ''Copy editors, don't impose your ignorance on good writers.''

'''''So Gut Wie Neu''''' 
German: as good as new.

'''Dirigible Field''' 
The inmates' occupational therapy is a disguise for constructing this landing facility.

'''a real Dirigible''' 
The inmates have established a cargo cult [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult Wikipedia article] or a [http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/ufos.html UFO cult.]

'''Doofland''' 
German ''doof'' means comically stupid (possibly an origin of English "doofus").

'''O Tempora, O Mores''' 
Latin: Oh, the times! Oh, the customs! (Was there really music under this title?)

Famous sentence by Cicero in his First Oration against Catiline, which means Oh the times! Oh the morals! In his opening speech against Catiline, who had previously tried to kill him, Cicero deplores the viciousness and corruption of his age. This sentence is now used as an exclamation to criticize present-day attitudes and trends, often jokingly. So, it is, indeed, an "old favorite"

'''The Black Whale of Askalon''' 
"Im Schwarzen Walfisch zu Askalon," comic song. The "Black Whale" is a tavern in the ancient Persian town of Askalon. [http://www.grainger.de/music/songs/schwarzenwalfisch.html A paraphrase of the lyrics.]

==Page 626==

'''the head of Jochanaan''' 
In Strauss' opera ''Salome'' the title character asks for and receives as tribute John the Baptist's head on a platter. John in the opera is called Jochanaan.

'''Richard Strauss's opera ''Salome'' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Richard Struass]]'s one-act opera ''Salome'' was performed first time in Dresden, Germany, on December 9, 1905. It was a sensation of the year 1905. The opera was based on the French play ''Salomé'' by Oscar Wilde. The time of action: about 30 A.D.; place of action: Jerusalem . . . for the story see [http://www.music.lv/opera/Salome/default_E.htm Salome].

'''the Five Jews''' 
In the middle of the opera ''Salome'' five Jews argued concerning the nature of God.

'''''Judeamus igitur, Judenes dum su-hu-mus''''' 
German university students used to sing ''Gaudeamus igitur, juvenes dum sumus'' ("Then let us be joyful while we are young men"); the melody forms the climax of Brahms' "Academic Festival" overture. Dr. Dingkopf, the Johnny One-Note of anti-Semitism, sings in bastard Latin, "Then let us Jew while we are Jews."

'''Ich Bin Ein Berliner''' 
JFK said "Ich bin ein Berliner" at the Berlin wall in 1963. According to Wikipedia, there is an urban legend: 
<blockquote>Kennedy should have said "Ich bin Berliner" to mean "I am a person from Berlin." By adding the indefinite article ein, his statement implied he was a non-human Berliner, thus "I am a jelly doughnut". The statement was followed by uproarious laughter.</blockquote> 
However, Wikipedia goes on to state: <blockquote>There is no grammatical error in Kennedy's statement; the indefinite article does not change its meaning. In German, the statement of origin "Ich bin ein Brandenburger" (I am a Brandenburger) is more common than "Ich bin Brandenburger" (I am Brandenburger), but both are correct. The article "ein" can be used as a form of emphasis: it implies "just one of many." As Kennedy did stress the "ein", the usage was, according to German linguist Jürgen Eichhoff [1], "not only correct, but the one and only correct way of expressing in German what the President intended to say."</blockquote> 
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:51, 19 December 2006 (PST)

And Kennedy's motto drew tumultuous cheers, not laughter; the Berliners had no trouble understanding what he meant.

Maybe a Simpsons connection as well:[http://www.anvari.org/fortune/Simpsons_Subtle_Allusions/9.html]

'''''Konditerei''''' 
German: pastry shop.

'''''Puderzucker''''' 
German: powdered sugar.

==Page 628==

'''Halfcourt? what kind of a name is that?''' 
This is Dingkopf speaking, in the context of his obsession with Jewish infiltration of British society. "What kind of a name is that?" has the subtext "Is that a ''Jewish'' name?"

'''''Der Wall''''' 
In German there are at least three words for "wall": ''Wand'' (the wall of a room), ''Mauer'' (a masonry wall) and ''Wall'' (a wall of a fortification). The infamous Berlin Wall was ''die Mauer.''

In this case 'der Wall' means the rampart on which the town wall stood. After this was razed in the 18. century a path was made on top of 'der Wall' along which Yashmeen and Kit take their walk.

'''dotted quarter rest''' 
Musical notation: brief pause.

==Page 629==

'''Hainberg''' 
Likely to be the Hainberg-Gymnasium at Göttingen http://hainberg-gymnasium.de/

'''Rheinpfalz''' 
A wine from the Rhine-Palatinate region in western Germany.

'''Deidesheimer...Herrgottsacker...Hofstück''' 
Three different wines.

'''do a bunk''' 
Flee.

==Page 630==

'''a Theosophist''' 
an adherent of theosophy professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation.

'''Sidney Reilly''' 
Sidney Reilly, aka The Ace of Spies--a real early 20th century British--and other--intelligence agent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Reilly].

'''hoosier''' 
Bumpkin; capitalized, it has a different meaning.

'''stans''' 
Countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkestan, etc.). Possible anachronism; term gained currency after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

No anachronism - in many central-asian languages (Pashtu, Dari, Farsi, etc.) '-stan' means 'land of', i.e. Afghanistan = Land of the Afghans, Nuristan = Land of Light, Frankistan = France, Germanistan = Germany, etc.

'''One Savile Row''' 
Seat of the Royal Geographical Society.

'''Kashgar''' 
Now called Kashi, a city in the extreme west of China; at the western end of the Taklimakan desert; a principal town of Chinese Turkestan. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar Kāshi (Kashgar)].

'''Auberon Halfcourt''' 
The name Auberon is derived from Oberon and related to Alberich, the dwarf in Wagner's ''Ring'' cycle. Half-court describes a reduced form of basketball. Another possible allusion (bit of a stretch, perhaps?) is to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberon_Herbert Auberon Herbert,] a British libertarian whom Benjamin Tucker described as "a true anarchist in everything but name."

==Page 631==

'''the recent Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 618|page 618:Anglio-Russian Entente]] of 1907 in which the spheres of influence in inner Asia were divided between Britain and Russia in order to keep Germany out of that region.

'''Baku and Johannesburg''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Johannesburg; Baku]].

'''One vision . . . spiritual, and the other, capitalist.''' 
Competing visions as to the significance of what lies buried beneath the sands in Central Asia. We have already seen a map that reflects [[ATD 243-272#Page 249|dual visions]] of the area. The Great Game competition shaping up in Asia is a continuation of a global 'metaphysical' conflict between materialist and integrationist tendencies.

'''lie doggo''' 
Go underground, maintain a low profile.

==Page 632==

'''Museum der Monstrositäten''' 
German: museum of monstrosities. ''Mathematical'' monstrosities.

'''motor diligence''' 
Motor taxi, as opposed to horse-drawn.

'''the Brocken''' 
The highest peak (3,750 ft) in the Harz Mountains in Germany. It is about 35 miles northeast of Göttingen. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brocken The Brocken]). 

Appears in ''GR'' where Slothrop and neophyte witch Geli Tripping encounter the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_329-336 Brockengespenst] p. 330. and ....

'''"An older Germany .... Deeper"''' 
Meaning pre-Christian Germany, as referenced earlier in the passage with the description 'witchlike'.

'''weapons somehow ''not yet decipherable''''' 
Rayguns.

==Page 633==

'''Knipfel...von Imbiss''' 
Neither one existed. Imbiss is German: snacks, fast food. *** I have a differing opinion: Knipfel is Jim Knipfel. Thomas Pynchon has read Knipfel's memoirs, enjoyed them, and blurbed them.

'''''Weierstrass Functions''''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable]].

'''''Russell's Letter''''' 
Russell's letter of June 16, 1902. (see below "Poor Frege . . .").

'''''the Set of All Sets That Are Not Members of Themselves''''' 
Russell Paradox. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 538|page 538:Bertie Russell]].

'''''parallax effect''''' 
the apparent shift of an object against a background due to a change in observer's position.

'''Poor Frege . . . about to publish his book . . .''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Frege.html Gottlob Frege] (1848-1925) was a German mathematician. He was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic putting forward the view that mathematics is reducible to logic. 
In 1893 Frege published his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 1'' in which he axiomatized arithmetic with an intuitive collection of axioms. While his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 2'' was at the printer, Frege received a letter (June 16, 1902) from Bertrand Russell in which Russell pointed out that the ''Russell Paradox'' gave a contradiction in Frege's system of axioms.

'''''Kot!''''' 
German: shit.

'''Crotona in Magna Grecia''' 
Crotona is the old Latin name of the Italian city [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotone Crotone] in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto. Ancient Crotona was long one of the most flourishing cities of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Graecia Magna Grecia] (Latin for ''Greater Greece''), the area in Southern Italy colonised by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC. Pythagoras went to Crotona at the age of 40 and most of his philosophical activities occurred there.

'''Hilbeert . . . August . . . in 1900 . . . International Congress . . . "Paris Problems" 
Paris Problems = Hilbert's Problems. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 604|page 604:the outstanding problems in mathematics]].

'''''zone of dual nature''''' 
One place that is two places: this peculiar Pynchonian form of bilocation again.

'''part "real"...part "pictorial" or let us say "fictional"''' 
Complex numbers are made up of a real number and an imaginary number (e.g "one plus the square root of negative one"), as AtD is made up of real and imaginary (fictional) parts, the effect of which (continuing into P.635) is described as "taking one beyond four dimensional environs...out into a timeless region..." This seems to be the goal of the protagonists, the author, and the reader.

==Page 634==

'''''Mengenlehre''''' 
German: set theory.

'''one is thrust . . . into a timeless region''' 
Like one of those funhouse rooms where gravity is reversed.

'''ZU DEN QUATERNIONEN''' 
German railway stations all have a big sign: ZU DEN ZÜGEN, to the trains. Here it's to the quaternions.

'''Nernst light''' 
Light from [[ATD_429-459#Page 437|page 437:Nernst Lamp]].

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 561|page 561:Brougham Bridge]].

'''complex knife''' 
"part real and part imaginary", and there is a "real" reproduction nearby. These are ''aides memoires'', inspirations--perhaps the dimensions beyond are literally located in imagination, mental spaces.

'''Sofia Kovalevskaia and . . . Weierstrass''' 
From 1870 Weierstrass was Kovalevskaia's mathematics tutor in Berlin. He gave Kovalevskaia private lessons twice a week for four years. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia]]. 
Here, as on page 500, there is a hint of romantic involvement between the teacher and the student.

'''Lebesgue''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lebesgue.html Henri Lebesgue] (1875-1941) was a French mathematician. He formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and the following year he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral.

'''"surface devoid of tangent planes"''' 
In other words, discontinuous functions. 
Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions based largely on the Riemann method of integration. However, in 1902, Lebesgue extended the concept of the area below a curve to include many ''discontinuous functions'' and thus generalised the notion of the Riemann integral and revolutionised th eintegral calculus.

'''. . . everywhere continuous and nowhere differentiable''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiabl, Weierstrass function]] and [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crsis in mathematics]].

==Page 635==

'''The Kaiser now seeks in Mexico . . . opportunities for mischief toward the U.S.''' 
Now and for years to come: America's entry into World War One was spurred in part by the Kaiser's offer to return part of the Southwest to Mexico.

'''''Rosinenkacker''''' 
German: one who shits raisins. More commonly "Korinthenkacker", insulting term for a very pedantic person.

'''a world line...never travel''' 
A world line is a tensor, a four-dimensional vector through space ''and'' time, therefore a history. Here Gunther is describing the closing off of his future possibilities. In quantum theory observation causes possible states to 'collapse' into one measured state; hence, the past observed from the present is deterministic (it has only one possible state), but the present observed from the past has many possible states until our actions cause it to collapse into one state. Our actions will then be seen to have been inevitable, a world line [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel]. Hence: "Ach, das Schiksal".

'''''Ach, das Schicksal''''' 
German: ah, fate.

'''chloral to coffee''' 
A depressant to a stimulant, antipodal (opposite) effects on neuronal function. 

'''that terrible ecstasy known to result from unmediated observation of the beautiful''' 
Cf. Rilke, First Duino Elegy:
"For beauty is nothing but
the beginning of terror, that we are still able to bear,
and we revere it so, because it calmly disdains
to destroy us. Every Angel is terror." 
Rilke features strongly in V and GR (with Weissmann/Blicero). The idea that 'the sublime' involves an element of terror is fundamental to Romanticism.

May also be an allusion to what is known as "Stendhal Syndrome" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal_syndrome], a psychosomatic illness that causes rapid heartbeat, dizziness, confusion and even hallucinations when an individual is exposed to art, usually when the art is particularly 'beautiful' or a large amount of art is in a single place. The term can also be used to describe a similar reaction to a surfeit of choice in other circumstances, e.g. when confronted with immense beauty in the natural world. It is said that a lot of tourists who visit Florence and Venice experience it.

==Page 636==

'''Children''' 
The preceding sections are a concise, riotous, poignant summary of life at an institute of higher learning; students and to some extent faculty are, notoriously, children at play. Yashmeen, Kit and Gunther are graduating, without diplomas but going out of the hothouse atmosphere of the University into the "real world". But given the preceding 5 pages, how real is that? 
But this is not so much about the University as about 'the Museum' on the Brocken, and the issue is really who is speaking. Who would feel qualified to call them 'children'? They're in a 'strange, underground temple' and the Brocken is an ancient, magical place. Associated especially with witches and 'the Spectre of the Brocken', an aerial phenomenon that resembles a human figure (actually the shadow of the viewer on the mist).

'''The next time you visit...''' 
The University never looks the same after graduation; also, nothing ever does: Heraclitus' dictum that no man ever steps in the same river twice. Time (''pace'' Proust) cannot be reclaimed (even if you can find the tesseract's entrance again)because even if you go back in time, you are not the same person you were; you have been changed by experience. 
Again, it's 'the Museum' that's closing. This isn't the Museum of Professor Klein at the University, mentioned on p. 632, it's a 'nocturnal equivalent' out on the Brocken.

'''"You know who I am."''' 
Cf. Leonard Cohen:
"You know who I am, you've stared at the sun.
I am the one who loves changing from nothing to one."
Some sort of god of mathematics, the curator of the museum?
The Spectre of the Brocken (seen by Slothrop and Geli in GR)? Rilke's angel, the terrible ecstasy referred to on p. 635? All three? 
Another possibility: the author. After all, the characters are his 'children', his creations. And in a fiction, the author is God. The Museum that he's closing isn't only a museum of mathematics, it's a musuem of ''narratives'' about mathematics.

==Page 637==

'''caldo tlapeno''' 
Mexican chicken vegetable soup.

'''Tampico''' 
Tampico means "the place of the otters". As a city, it is Mexico's second most important commercial port along the Gulf of Mexico, is located on the southeastern tip of Tamaulipas. The State of Tamaulipas is on the northeast side of Mexico directly south of Texas; but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampico Tampico] is about 300 miles from the US border.

'''Chiapas''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas Chiapas] is a poor and largely agricultural stat in the southeast of Mexico. It is best known for its 1994 Zapatista movement.

'''"El Atildado"''' 
Spanish: the neat man. But it also suggests "the man marked with a tilde" (see page 600). When reading this passage aloud, think about how to stress the word "also" in "a gift Günther von Quassel had ''also'' been blessed with."

(In mathematical notation, the tilde "~" means "approximately" or "is proportional to," depending on country.)

==Page 638==

'''''Bohnen''''' 
German: beans

'''Maragogype''' 
As Gunther says, a variety of coffee bean, large in size, grown in Mexico and Central America [http://coffeeplus.com.au/coffees/7443.html].

'''Arbuckles''' 
Not only a brand of coffee, but a method of preparation also known as "Cowboy Coffee" similar to Turkish/Greek coffee in one boils the grounds in the water [http://www.ineedcoffee.com/02/04/cowboycoffee/]. Synonymous here with "plain old, unfancified coffee"--perhaps a swipe at 21st century coffee gourmets and at Starbucks. Another paramorphic-mirror image of the early 21st century in the early 20th. 
Cowhands expected their coffee to be ‘brown gargle”, hot, black, strong and thick enough to float a six shooter in. 
It's really, really hard to equate cowboy coffee to Greek coffee. Greek (Turkish, Serbian) coffee is made from beans ground to powder and boiled for a few seconds, usually in sugar syrup. Grounds in the cup are a virtue. Cowboy coffee starts as coarse grounds, which are boiled for several minutes (or, heaven help us, longer) and often "refined" with eggshells, which cause the grounds to settle out.

'''''cafetalero''''' 
Perhaps as in ''pistolero''; i.e. a barrista.

more likely translates as "coffee man"

'''''el otro lado''''' 
Spanish: the other side (in one sense or other).

'''bucket shop''' 
A stock swindle, in which one set of trades is reported to the customer, while the brokerage is really using the money in other, usually riskier trades ("bucketing"). A place where the public could bet on the daily motions of stock prices before 1929 and before the advent of instant stock quotes via the Internet.

Given the year, this may be related to the Panic of 1907. Steve/Ramon bought stocks on margin and when they went south he was slammed.

'''flimming''' 
Probably = indulging in flimflam (fraud, swindles)

'''''norte''''' 
north wind.

'''Plaza de Toros''' 
A bullring.

'''[S]louching away into the yellow opacity, he invited them all up to a wingding [...] that evening.''' 
Compare with T.S. Eliot's ''Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'':

<blockquote>
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes 
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening</blockquote>
[[User:Bean|remy]] 09:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

==Page 639==

'''Rio Bravo''' 
Mexican name for the river known in the US as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande Rio Grande].

'''Ramos gin fizzes''' 
The original [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/ramos-gin-fizz.html Ramos gin fizz] was invented in the 1880s by Henry C. Ramos, in his bar at Meyer's Restaurant, this is one of New Orleans' most famous drinks.

'''jungles of Tehuantepec''' 
Jungles of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec The Isthmus of Tehuantepec] in Mexico. The isthmus represents the shortest distance between the Guld of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

'''unnatural boom''' 
Another paramorphic mirroring of the 21st/20th centuries; tech stock boom/bust of ~2000.

'''Baku''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Baku]].

'''skeeters''' 
mosquitoes

'''adios ''chingamadre''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, motherfucker.

==Page 640==

'''Valkyrie''' 
In Norse mythology the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie Valkyries] are minor female deities.

'''Mondragón semiautomatics''' 
A self-loading rifle designed and patented by Mexican General Mondragón in 1896 — so it was only 10 years ago. It's magazine capacity was of 8-round or 10-round box, or later 30-round drum (for German service). For a picture of the refined 1908 model and its 1907 patent see [http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl26-e.htm Mondgragón M1908 rifle].

'''Springfield''' 
An American magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle Springfield].

'''Schnecken rigs''' 
A possible anachronism, but it is hard to be sure. The German word ''Schnecken'' in the small-arms context (''Schneckenmagazin'') refers to what's called a "cylindrical magazine" in English. The best-known weapon using this magazine is the Russian PP-19 Bison submachine gun, but the Bison is based in part on Kalashnikov technology and hence could not have been developed until after World War II. [http://88.198.24.206/invisionboard/lofiversion/index.php/t20170.html The definitive online information] on the Bison not only identifies it as using the ''Schneckenmagazin'' but also contains excellent cutaway drawings of the "helical feed" system; use your browser's search function to find the word Bison. [http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg08-e.htm This page] has a photo and specs in English. The Schnecken rig is definitely ''not'' the drum magazine used with the American Thompson submachine gun in the 1920s.

'''anti-Porfiristas''' 
Opponents of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, hence left wing. Eventually, ten years later, to become the Mexican Revolution led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

'''the Pánuco''' 
''Río Pánuco'', a river in Veracruz state, east-central Mexico. It is formed by the junction of the Moctezuma and Tamuín rivers on the San Luis Potosí-Veracruz state line, the Pánuco meanders generally east-northeastward past the town of Pánuco to the Guld of Mexico about 6 miles below Tampico.

==Page 641==

'''Mondragóns will get you through''' 
Echoes the wonderful 1970s slogan "Dope will get you through times of no money better than money will get you through times of no dope."

'''hidalgo''' 
Coin with a portrait of Miguel Hidalgo (1753 – 1811), hero of the Mexican war of independence against Spain.

'''''este . . . perdón''''' 
this . . . sorry

==Page 642==

'''La Fotinga Huasteca''' 
''Fotinga'' is Spanish: jalopy. ''Huasteca'' is a region of the Sierra Madre Oriental north of San Luis Potosí. A local equivalent to "Tijuana Taxi"?

'''''batería''''' 
Spanish: battery (collection of percussion instruments).

'''[T]hat dirty li'l back-shootin Bob Ford.''' 
Ford shot notorious outlaw Jesse James in the back on April 3, 1882; Ford himself was shotgunned to death in 1892. The event inspired one Billy Gashade to pen the verse that became the popular folk ballad "Jesse James," recorded by Pete Seeger, Bruce Springsteen, and many others. 
[[User:bnilsson|bnilsson]] 01:41, 2 January 2007 (EDT)

'''''resentimientos''''' 
resentments.

'''eight seconds . . . rodeo''' 
A bull rider must stay aboard for eight seconds to score.

'''cerverzas Bohemias''' 
Bohemias (brand) beers, a Mexican beer.

'''Cuervo Extra''' 
a kind of tequila ?

==Page 643==

'''''frontera''''' 
Spanish: frontier.

'''drygulched''' 
Ambushed, betrayed.

'''Krag-Jorgensens''' 
Repeating-bolt-action rifles designed by the Norwegians Ole Krag and Erik Jorgensen in late 19th century (1886). From 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krag-J%C3%B8rgensen Krag-Jorgensens] were used by the United States army as standard arms. And now it is a popular collector item.

'''Juárez''' 
''Ciudad Juárez'', or simply ''Juárez'', is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It stands on the Rio Grande across the border from El Paso, Texas. [http://www.juarez-mexico.com/ Juárez] is the major port of entry and trnasportation center of north central Mexico.

'''''Vaya con Dios, pendejo''''' 
Spanish: Go with God, asshole.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 588-614

2008-10-10T14:44:57Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 603 */ add 2001 reference

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 588==

'''tannery''' 
In ancient history, tanning was considered a noxious or "odiferous trade" and relegated to the outskirts of town, amongst the poor. Indeed, tanning by ancient methods is so foul smelling that tanneries are still isolated from those towns today where the old methods are used.

'''Gottlob''' 
Literally "praise to God", as an exclamation also "Thank God!". Though it is rare, it is a real German name. 
Very much so: for example of mathematician/philospher Gottlob Frege, who did study at Göttingen, but not at this time.

'''Humfried''' 
A German translation of Humphrey. This was not an existing German name any time after the medieval, though.

'''Gauss's brain''' 
After Carl Friedrich Gauss died in 1855, his brain was preserved for research purposes. To this day, it is in the possession of the University of Göttingen. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Gauss]].

'''impervious to the wind''' 
(Attribute of tanned leather?)

'''''"Heiliger Bimbam!"''''' 
A German expression of surprise, translated elsewhere as "Holy Moly!"

'''It is she, she!''' 
probably an allusion to H. Rider Haggard's She. See Wikipedia entry. She has been purified by a pillar of fire. In ''Against the day'', she rises from the swamp. Carl Jung, who used the novel ''She'' (1887) as an example of anima, posited the anima is an archetypical form, expressing the fact that a man has a minority of female genes. Haggard's Queen Ayesha is an unmistakable anima type the ultimate guide and mediator to the inner world. The idea has also connections with the observations of James Frazer in his classical study ''The Golden Bough''. Haggard's idea of a journey into the "darkest Africa," which turns into a spiritual search, has been used by a number of writers, including Joseph Conrad in ''Heart of Darkness'' (1902). 
"My empire is of thy imagination", She says in the novel, "She". Cf. a line, [which I am checking] in "The Crying of Lot 49".

She is 'discovered' somewhere in unknown Africa by some British 'explorers' in a hidden kingdom, and she first appears in a sort of late 19th century private boudoir there. She came to that place via a complicated story some 2000 years earlier, and is of Yemenite origin, having come to the world in pretty much the normal fashion. Yashmeen seems indeed to be based on some fin-de-siecle imaginations of the 'ideal' woman (her looks in general, and the often mentioned streaming black hair of hers), but unlike Haggard's She, Yashmeen is rather powerless in the long run, despite her obvious erotic influence on the men and women in ATD. - Tommaso

:Powerless is a term worth lots of discussion here. [User: MKOHUT]

'''rim''' 
Kit pretends to think he's referring to monocle as 'chichi' (stylish).

'''Kovalevskaia''' 
Sofia Kovalevskaia, 1850-1891. Russian mathematician, in 1884 appointed professor in Stockholm. The third female professor in Europe ever. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and (Wikipedia)

'''Roentgen-ray spectacles''' 
The X-ray glasses that used to be advertised in comic books.

'''''natürlich''''' 
German: naturally.

==Page 589==

'''Those curves are everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable''' 
This is exactly a description of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weierstrass_function Weierstrass function] (1872), a pathological example of a real-valued function on the real line. This function was cited on page 594 by Yashmeen as one of the crises in mathermatics. Also see [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/WeierstrassFunction.html Weierstrass function from MathWorld] and Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Karl Weierstrass]].

'''Those curves . . . ''Noli me tangere''''' 
A well-turned wordplay: The operation of differentiating a curve involves drawing ''tangents'' to it at selected points. The curves in question are continuous, but the injunction ''Noli me tangere'' means you can't draw the tangents.

:If a curve is nowhere differentiable then there will be no tangents anywhere. The curve is everywhere ''untouchable''.

'''''Noli me tangere''''' 
Latin for 'don't touch me'

or, in the immortal words of MC Hammer; "You can't touch this"

'''''Hausknochen''''' 
German: a giant housekey, as defined, literally House Bone,with perhaps a
double entendre on bone?

==Page 590==

'''Hadamard... Poussin... Prime Number Theorem''' 
Hadamard and Poussin independently proved the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number_theorem prime number theorem] in 1896, relying on Riemann's Zeta function.

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Hadamard.html Jacques Hadamard] (1865-1963), a French mathematician best known for his proof of the Prime Number Theorem in 1896.

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Vallee_Poussin.html de la Vallée Poissin] (1866-1962), a Belgian mathematician best known for his proof (independently) of the Prime Number Theorem and his major work ''Cours d'Analyse''.

'''patent ''Kühlbox''''' 
''Kühlbox'' here just means "icebox" or "cooler." Refrigerators were available at the time of the action but not widely used, so an icebox is more likely. It's upstairs in Kit's room, so not necessarily portable.

"Patent," attached to a noun like [[ATD_429-459#Page_457|leather or pencil,]] could mean really, officially patented ''or'' novel and gimmicky. Patent medicines are sold under protected names but not genuine patents in most cases. So the icebox features some radical or distinctive design. My money's on asbestos insulation between the zinc sheets.

[http://www.dhm.de/datenbank/index.html?/datenbank/rb00/rb000891.html Pic of a ca. 1920 Eiskiste-model]. According to German Wikipedia, the mobile "Eiskiste" (icebox) had to be filled with (natural) ice, while its successor, the Kühlbox, worked/works with "Kühlaggregate" (cooling units). The contributor is not sure if suchlike were around at that time. German Wikipedia on [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiskiste Eiskiste] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BChlbox Kühlbox].

'''beleaguered subset''' 
a group (from the whole) under attack

'''That is, is it was ''some smile''''' 
Typo, for That is, it was ''some smile''.

'''Prime Number Theorem''' 
Gives an estimate of the number of primes less than a whole number ''n.'' For example, if ''n'' is 20 then there are nine primes less than it (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19). The Prime Number Theorem is closely related to the Riemann Hypothesis.

:It seems the Prime Number Theorem says something about π(n)(ln n)/n approaches a limit as n increases indefinitely. π (n) is the number of primes.

==Page 591==

'''prats''' 
Literally the buttocks. As a slang term, a 'prat' is an [[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day|idiot]].

'''''Die Nullstellen der ζ-Funktion''''' 
German: the zeroes of the ζ function. (Null = zero; Stelle = location.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function#Zeros_of_the_Riemann_zeta_function Wikipedia] on the "Zeros of the Riemann zeta-function".

'''not all that hard to prove''' 
Kit will upset the applecart if he can prove the Riemann Hypothesis; Yashmeen's research topic will shrink to triviality. (Last time I checked, no one had yet proved the hypothesis.)

'''"Richard Harding Davis"''' 
Popular writer of fiction and drama, journalist/war-correspondent and a major male-role-model of his time (1864 - 1916). He was considered the model for illustrator Charles Dana Gibson's dashing Gibson man, the male equivalent of his famous Gibson Girl. He is also referenced early in Sinclair Lewis's book, ''Dodsworth'' as the example of an exciting, adventure-seeking legitimate hero. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Harding_Davis Wikipedia]. Among other things, he reported on Belgian atrocities in the Congo.

'''seldom, if ever''' 
Cf p559 re Umeki!?

'''tetralatry''' 
made up from greek "tettares" (prefix -tetra) = four and "latreia" = worship

'''C. Howard Hinton''' 
Charles Howard Hinton (1853 – 1907) was a British mathematician and writer of science fiction works titled ''Scientific Romances''. He was interested in higher dimensions, particularly the fourth dimension, and is known for coining the word ''tesseract'' and for his work on methods of visualising the geometry of higher dimensions. He also had a strong interest in theosophy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Howard_Hinton Wikipedia Entry]

'''Johann K.F. Zöllner''' 
Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner (1834–1882) was a German astrophysicist. Studied Photometrie and optical illusions. He insisted a fourth dimension should be considered in Physics and tried to scientifically explain spiritist phenomena.

'''vogue... 'vague'''' 
Nice wordplay as Yashmeen seems to think the vogue of mysticism is not very precise, is 'vague' intellectually. Further play on "vague" = wave, as in an intellectual fad, e.g. in film, the French "Nouvelle Vague" (New Wave).

==Page 592==

'''upside-down triangles''' 
Also Pléiade p538. In mathematics that would be the operator ''del'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del Wikipedia]. Since pre-history and across most cultures the upside-down triangle is a symbol for the female (genitals).

Florian Cajori's ''A History of Mathematical Notations'' (v.2 p.135) states that the del (aka Hamiltonian operator) was introduced by William Hamilton in his 1853 lecture on Quaternions. Rumour has it that it is supposed to be a drawing of an ancient Hebrew harp (nabla). It is also known as the atled (backword delta).

This in turn suggests (within the context of AtD (atled??) a reversal of time or a mirror image of change.

'''screamingly obvious fallacy in this . . . "proof" of yours''' 
Yashmeen reacts in a slight panic to Kit's threat (page 591).

'''metallic banging''' 
Hausknochen on doors, with 'banging' entendre.

'''"metric interval"''' 
In Euclidean (three-dimensional) space a distance is just what you think it is. In other geometrical systems the term "metric interval" is preferred as a generalized distance.

'''social life is unpredictable''' 
mirrors the situation in the "Hotel Noctambulo", p. 462. Are all these guys "chums of chance"?

[Not sure about the "chums" idea, but more confusion between public and private space on pg. 155 -- Hunter Penhallow leaving the ruined city, presumably in a time machine: "At some point he must have come indoors, entering a sort of open courtyard....Without intending to, he was walking through inhabited rooms."]

'''Weenderstrasse '''
The main shopping street in Göttingen.

'''Prinzenstrasse and Weenderstrasse''' 
A street corner at the very center of Göttingen ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=g%C3%B6ttingen,+germany&ie=UTF8&om=1&z=17&ll=51.534284,9.935417&spn=0.006107,0.010793&t=h Google Maps]), "known to mathematicians here as the origin of the city of Göttingen's coordinate system". 
The intersection of these two streets is colloquial called "the navel". For visitors it is not that spectacular, but it's the number one meeting point for people who live in Göttingen before going to a cafe or pub. (I don't know, why we allways meet there, but we allways do!) So Pynchon definitley knows, why he compares this street corner with the origin of Göttingen's coordinate system. 
By the way, one of the oldest bookstores of Göttingen is situated right at the described corner of Prinzen- and Weenderstrasse.

==Page 593==

'''twenty marks''' 
A mark is short for deutschemark, a German monetary unit. 
That was the case after the Second World War, but the unit was just called the mark until at least the end of the empire. [http://www.thegoldcoinstore.com/WorldGold/German_Gold_20_Marks_Kaizer_Wilhelm_II.php Here] is a picture of a 20 mark coin from the period of the action.

'''''der Pistolenheld''''' 
German: the pistol hero. Meaning: the gunman. 'Pistolenheld' seems rather funny, the correct German word is: der Revolverheld.

'''automorphic functions and the Anharmonic Pencil''' 
[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AutomorphicFunction.html Automorphic Functions] are generalizations of trigonometric functions and elliptic functions.

Anharmonic Pencil see [[ATD_525-556#Page 532|page 532:Anharmonic Pencil]].

'''''das Nichtharmonischestrahlenbündel''''' 
Or ''das nichtharmonische Strahlenbündel.'' German: the anharmonic pencil. A "pencil" is the set of lines passing through a point.

'''Euler''' 
Leonhard Euler (pronounced Oiler; IPA [ˈɔʏlɐ]) (April 15, 1707 – September 7, 1783) was a Russian-German mathematician and physicist of Swiss descent. From Wikipedia and below:

Euler made important discoveries in fields as diverse as calculus, number theory, and topology. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. [1] He is also renowned for his work in mechanics, optics, and astronomy.

Euler is considered to be the preeminent mathematician of the 18th century and one of the greatest of all time.

'''Felix Klein''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Klein.html Felix Klein] (1849-1925), a German mathematician, best known for his work in non-Euclidean goemetry, for his work on the connections between geometry and group theory, and for results in function theory. Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 565|page 565:Felix Klein]].

'''''Mathematical Theory of the Top''''' 
Published in the U.S. in 1897. Compare Felix Klein and Arnold Sommerfeld, ''Über die Theorie des Kreisels,'' 4 volumes, 1897-1910.

'''Leopold Kronecker''' and '''Cantor''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Kronecker.html Leopold Kronecker] (1823-1891), a German mathematician, primary contributions were in the theory of equations. He made major contributions in elliptic functions and the theory of algebraic numbers.

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Cantor.html Georg Cantor] (1845-1918), a German mathematician. He founded set theory and introduced the concept of infinite numbers with his discovery of cardinal numbers. He also advanced the study of trigonometric series. (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 250|page 250:Dr. Cantor]]).

The "monumental quarrel between Kronecker and Cantor" is also referred to as a "religious war," appropriately enough. It's based in a disagreement over the legitimacy of numbers. Kronecker held that "'the positive integers were created by God, and all else is the work of man.'" This is contradicted by "'Cantor with his ''Kontinuum'', professing an equally strong belief in just those regions, infinitely divisible, which lie ''between'' the whole numbers so demanding of all Kronecker's devotion.'"

The disagreement between the two mathematicians is reminiscent of (or does it anticipate?) the rift between Pointsman and Mexico in ''Gravity's Rainbow''. Kronecker's integers "created by God" have become a Pavlovian digital binary for Pointsman, but the two oppositions track faithfully right down to the italicized "between."

"The young statistician [Mexico] is devoted to number and to method, not table-rapping or wishful thinking. But in the domain of zero to one, not-something to something, Pointsman can only possess the zero and the one. He cannot, like Mexico, survive anyplace in between. Like his master I. P. Pavlov before him, he imagines the cortex of the brain as a mosaic of tiny on/off elements.... But to Mexico belongs the domain ''between'' zero and one." [Page 55]

It should be noted, however, that the continuous number line was a modern innovation. In Greek number theory, a number is a collection of indivisible units. Irrationals, such as the square root of 2 are not numbers but "magnitudes." One is not even a number for it is not a number of units. There are no negative numbers as well. (see Klein's Greek Mathematical Thought and the Origin of Algebra.) So Kronecker's position may be less of a crazy innovation as much as a maintenance of ancient theory.

:That last paragraph makes an excellent point.

'''the square root of minus one''' 
The imaginary number ''i''. Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 133|page 133:Imarginary Number]].

'''the square root of ''plus two''' 
From Carl B. Boyer's ''A History of Mathematics'', 2nd Ed. 1991, pp.564 & 565): 
The domain of rational numbers can be extended to form a continuum of real numbers if one assumes Cantor-Dedekind axiom that the points on a line can be put into one-to-one correspondence with the real numbers. "Arithmetically expressed, this means that for every division of the rational numbers into two classes A and B such that every number of the first class, A, is less than every number of the second class, B, there is one and only one real number producing this ''Schnitt'', or . . . cut. If A has a largest number, or if B contains a smallest number, the cut defines a rational number; but if A has no largest number and B no smallest, then the cut defines an irrational number. If, for example, we put in A all negative rational numbers and also all positive rational numbers whose squares are less than 2, and in B all positive rational numbers whose squares are more than 2, we have subdivided the entire field of rational numbers in a manner defining an irrational number—in this case the number that we usually write as" ''suqare root of 2''. In fact, the squae root of ''plus two'' "can be defined simply as that segment or subclass of the set of rational numbers made up of all positive rational numbers whose squares are less than 2 and also of all negative rational numbers." —— This is what Kronecker did not believe.

'''''Kontinuum''''' 
This passage closely parallels the one about the "microcosm of Venice" on page 575.

==Page 594==

'''''Nervenklinik''''' 
German: nerve clinic. Three-dollar word for a mental hospital.

'''boundless epsilonic world''' 
Epsilon, Greek letter like E. In mathematics (particularly calculus), an arbitrary (or nearly so) small positive quantity is commonly denoted ε; see limit.
By analogy with this, the late mathematician Paul Erdős also used the term "epsilons" to refer to children (Hoffman 1998, p. 4). Wikipedia; of Huxley's five classes of citizens in ''Brave New World'' epsilons were purposely stunted physically and intellectually.

'''Der Finsterzwerg''' 
The choice of the tavern "The Dwarf of Darkness" may have been meant as a dig at five-foot-tall Kronecker.

'''chloral hydrate''' 
A/k/a "knockout drops" a/k/a a "Mickey Finn". Hence the ''Mickifest''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloral_hydrate Wikipedia entry].

'''''Kneipe''''' 
German: pub

'''Gauss passing to Weber a remark''' 
Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß) (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and scientist of profound genius who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. Sometimes known as "the prince of mathematicians" and "greatest mathematician since antiquity", Gauss had a remarkable influence in many fields of mathematics and science and is ranked as one of history's most influential mathematicians. (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Gauss]].)

That influence is seen in the field of statistics where the Gaussian distribution (also known as the normal distribution, popularly known as the bell curve) is named after him. With its ability to correctly model "psychological measurements and physical phenomena" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution] and its resemblance to both the rainbow and the rocket's arc, there's no surprise Pynchon references it often in GR, even having Roger Mexico quote the formula as "an old saying among my people" (p.709).

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber Wilhelm Weber] (1804-91), a noted German physicist. He studied magnetism with Gauss and in 1831, on the recommendation of Gauss, he was appointed as professor of physics at Göttingen. And in 1833 Gauss and Weber constructed the first electromagnetic telegraph. The SI unit of magnetic flux, the ''weber'', is named after him.

In 1831 Gauss developed a fruitful collaboration with the physics professor Wilhelm Weber; it led to new knowledge in the field of magnetism (including finding a representation for the unit of magnetism in terms of mass, length and time) and the discovery of Kirchhoff's circuit laws in electricity. Gauss and Weber constructed the first electromagnetic telegraph in 1833, which connected the observatory with the institute for physics in Göttingen. Gauss ordered a magnetic observatory to be built in the garden of the observatory and with Weber founded the magnetischer Verein ("magnetic club"), which supported measurements of earth's magnetic field in many regions of the world. He developed a method of measuring the horizontal intensity of the magnetic field which has been in use well into the second half of the 20th century and worked out the mathematical theory for separating the inner (core and crust) and outer (magnetospheric) sources of Earth's magnetic field

'''Göttingen . . . in the war with Prussia''' 
This refers to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_war Austro-Prussian War], (also called Seven Weeks' War), June 15–August 23, 1866, between Prussia, allied with Italy, and Austria, allied with Bavaria, Wüttemberg, Saxony (where Göttingen is located), Hanover, Baden and several other smaller German states. It was Bismarck's aim to expel, by force, Austria from the German Confederation as a step toward the unification of Germany under Prussian dominace.
:Göttingen is in Saxony now (specifically the state of ''Niedersachsen'' or Lower Saxony), but until 1866 it was an important city in the Kingdom of Hanover.

'''political crisis in Europe''' 
The period of 1870 to 1914 was characterized by the Anglo-German naval race and European powers - Germany, Italy, Belgium, Britain and France - scrambled for Africa. The major events in Europe were: 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War; 1905 Russian Revolution; 1908 Bosnia Crisis; 1911-12 Italian Turkish War; 1912-13 Balkan War; 1914 World War I began.

'''crisis in mathematics . . . Weierstrass functions, Cantor's continuum, Russell's inexhaustible capacity for mischief''' 
A genuine crisis as well-established ideas were challenged. Weierstrass functions have the unheard-of property that they are "continuous but nowhere differentiable." Cantor's ideas about the continuum violated a longstanding prohibition against infinite quantities. Bertrand Russell around this time was setting the cat among the pigeons by identifying paradoxes and inconsistencies in set theory and number theory.

'''"the infinite" was all but a conjuror's convenience''' 
There is a very good book relating how the infinite, between the 18th and early 20th centuries, finally found a place in mathematics: ''In Search of Infinity'' by N.Ya. Vilenkin (translated by Abe Shenitzer).

==Page 595==

'''That winter, in St. Petersburg . . . Hundreds were killed and wounded.''' 
22 Jan 1905, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_%281905%29 Bloody Sunday]. 

The event on January 22, 1905, ''Bloody Sunday'', was a watershed in the Russian history. 
Russia's armies were losing to the Japanese in the Far East. Her workers at home were challenging the rule of Romanov's Autocracy. At the beginning of 1905, the worker of ''Putilov Works'' of St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia, went on stike for better living and working conditions. They were joined by many from other factories. Father Gapon, a priest, urged the striking workers to present directly to the Tsar on January 22, 1905 a petition to seek justice and protection. They would beg Nicholas II to come to their aid. The morning of January 22 was very cold (about five degrees below freezing) and some 200,000 workers and their wives and children came peacefully and orderly carrying icons, portraits of Nicholas, and no revolutionary placards not even red handkerchiefs. To stop the workers' march upon the Palace Square barracades were set across several avenues that connected to the city center. At each of these points, soldiers tried to turn back the marchers and, at several of them, officers ordered to fire into the crowds. The worst slaughter took place on the Winter Palace Square itself, between 150 and 200 men, women, and children lay shot dead and another 450 to 800 had been wounded while the Cossacks charged into the dispersing crowds with sabers drawn. 
Bloody Sunday, as that tragic day soon became known, marked the beginning of what the Tsar's mother called the "year of nightmares", and the beginning of what many others called the "year of revolution". (Based on W. Bruce Lincoln's ''Romanovs'' (1981)).

'''Grand Duke Sergei''' 
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov (1857-1905) was the uncle and brother-in-law of Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918, Reign: 1894-1917). In 1891 he was appointed as Moscow Governor General. In 1894 he also was a member of the State Council. He resigned from the Governorship on January 1, 1905 but continued as Commander of the Moscow military district. In the afternoon of February 17, 1905, in a carriage leaving the Kremlin Grand Duke Sergei was killed by a nitroglycerine bomb thrown by a Socialist Revolutionary terrorist directly into his lap. He was literally blown to bits and pieces. The assassination of Grand Duke Sergei signaled the beginning of a broader wave of popular unrest that had been sparked by the events of Bloody Sunday and swept the whole nation. Many more assassinations, strikes, disorders and uprisings followed during the year.
(Grand Duke Sergei's replacement, Shurvalov, was assassinated on July 11 of the same year.)

'''More strikes . . . peasant and military insurections . . . into the summer''' 
In January-February, turbulent reaction to Bloody Sunday spread across neighboring regions, especially the industrial centers which experienced spontaneous workers' strikes: Vilno, Kovno, Kiev, Moscow were paralyzed. In February-March the labor unrests reached Saratov Province and the Caucasus, and Siberia. Labor unrests were persistent throughout Russia into August. In early March university students left their classrooms, and at the end of the month the authorities closed down all the universities throughout the whole country for the rest of the academic year. (Student unrest even reached Orthodox seminaries.) 
In March, peasant unrests erupted widely, especially in Kursk, and Chernigov and Orel provinces and northwest regions of European Russia. In June, the Battleship ''Potemkin'' mutinied and in the Black Sea port city Odessa there was a large scale uprising by the sailors, soldiers, workers and ordinary citizens. On June 28 afternoon hundreds of protesters were killed on the Odessa Steps which was immortalized by the classic movie sequence in the 1925 Eisenstein's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Batlleship_Potemkin ''The Battleship Potemkin''] (considered by some one of the greatest films of all time). In summer widespread peasants' attacks on landowners' estates dramatically increased throughout Russia. The Peasant Union was organized at a secret August 13-14 Moscow conference.

'''Kronstadt''' 
Kronstadt was a naval fortress in the Gulf of Finland 18 miles west of St. Petersburg. Following the destruction of the Baltic Fleet by the Japanese in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) (Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318: The Russo-Japanese War]]) Kronstadt joined the general uprising which swept the whole Russian country. The first Kronstadt uprising on November 8-9, 1905, participated in by the majority of Kronstadt's 13,000 sailors and soldiers, was basically a large armed riot accompanied by liberal political demands. It lasted only two days. Kronstadt's second uprising took place in July 1906 but was brutally suppressed.

'''Sebastopol''' 
A port city of Russia (now, Sevastopol of Ukrain), located on the Black Sea coast of the Crimean peninsula west of Yalta. Sebastopol was associated with rebellion, mutiny and civil war. 
On June 27, 1905 the battleship ''Potemkin'' sailed from Sebastopol to Odessa and to mutiny against the ship's oppressive officers. The mutineers killed seven of the eighteen officers, including the Captain and the Second in Command. The ship eventually sailed to Romania and turned over to the authority there on July 7. (Sergei Eisenstein's ''The Battlehip Potemkin'' made her famous well beyond Russia.) 
On October 1, 1905, citizen of Sebastopol and sailors from the Black Fleet demonstrated in the city center demanding the authority to free political presoners, etc, but were met with gun fire. Wide spread unrest and naval mutinies followed. In November the cruiser ''Ochakov'' led a rebellion joined by several other warships. The rebellion was eventually suppressed by a stronger government force a couple of months later.

'''Black Hundreds''' 
Anti-Semitic vigilantes.

The name was a derogatory one, adapted from the term "White Hundreds", which was used in medieval Russia for the privileged caste of nobles and wealthy merchants. The lower-class types who joined the Black Hundreds were not in this class hence their ironic nomenclature. It was formed in response to the October Manifesto by those who had either lost or were afraid of losing their petty status in the social hierachy as a result of modernization and reform. They blamed the Jews as the ultimate cuase for Tsar's retreat. Fighting revolution in the streets was their way of revenging themselves, a means of putting the clock back and restoring the social and racial hierarchy. (Based on Orlando Figes' ''A People's Tragedy'' (1996))

'''Japanese won''' 
The Japanese destroyed the bulk of the Russian Baltic Fleet in the Battle of Tsushima Strait on May 27-28, 1905. In ''GR'', the soon-to-be-defeated fleet puts in at German Southwest Africa during the 1904 Herero Revolt; Tchicherine's father, a sailor in that fleet, may also be the father of Enzian, leader of the Schwarzcommando.

By January 1905 the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo_Japanese_War Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)] had been going on in Manchuria for nearly a year. In the summer of 1904, the Russia's Pacific Fleet was bottled up inside Port Arthur (now, Lüshun, Liaoning, China) and the port was under siege as from August. In October, the Tsar sent the entire Baltic Fleet to relief the siege. At the beginning of 1905, Port Arthur finally fell after a siege and bombardment lasted 156 days. In March 1905 Russia and Japan fought the greatest land battle in the history up to then at Mukden (Shenyang, Liaoning). Each side committed more than 300,000 troops and over 1,000 pieces of artillery. After nearly one month's fighting both lost more than 50,000 killed and wounded, but the Russians withrew 40 miles to the north. After streaming halfway around the world in a grueling voyage of many months without adequate logistic support, on May 27 the Russian fleet met the waiting Japanese (under Admiral Togo) in the Tsuhsima Straits that separated Japan and Korea. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tsushima Battle of Tsushima Straits (May 27-28)] was one of the most decisive naval battles in history. Even though the Russians had more ships and more heavy guns, but within a few hours, they lost 8 battleships, 3 cruisers, 5 minelayers and 4 other ships. Four more battleship surrendered next day, and the Russian commanding admiral (Admiral Rozhdestvenskii) was also captured. The Japanese lost only a total of 3 torpedo boats. (Based on W. Bruce Lincoln's ''Romanovs'' (1981)). 
After two months' negotiation, the Russo-Japanese War officially ended with the signing of the Peace Treaty of Porstmouth (New Hampshire) on September 5, 1905.

'''A general strike in the autumn . . .''' 
In late September a printer's trike in Moscow was in progress for over a fortnight. By October 18 it seemed that the strike was losing steam. But on October 20 railroad workers struck the Moscow-Kazan Railway and the strike spread outward along all the railroad lines: to St Petersburg in the west, to Voronesh and Kharkov in the south; and by October 23 it had reached Siberia. Twenty-six thougsand miles of track were immobilized as 750,000 railroad employees struck. At this time much of European Russia was in the grip of one of the greatest and most effective general strikes in the history of labor protest anywhere in the world. All of Russia's industry ground to a halt, everyone stopped work. Factory workers, servants, postal workers, telegraph operatiors, janitors, and hackney drivers all walked off their wjobs, as did bank clerks, shop clerks, and clerks in government office. Doctors, laywers, shcoolteachers, university professors, even the entire corps de ballet of the great Imperaial Mariinskii Theatre—all joined the strike. There were no newspapers, no streetlights, no tramcars . . . As all rail traffic stopped and telegraph line dead, Russia was isolated from the rest of the world. At the same time, the revolutionary groups organized a new body for coordinating the activities of the striking workers and for expressing their joint political and economic demands: the "St. Petersburg
''Soviet'' of Workers' Deputies". Many other Soviets were set up and developed later as alternate governing organizations. The name and organization ''Soviet'' (Russian word ''Sovet'' means council) took on a legendary meaning from then on and became historical. 
With the regime on the verge of collapse, in response, the Tsar, advised by the Prime Minister, issued the famouse ''October Manifesto'' on October 30, 1905, by which Nicholas granted to all Russian civil rights, agreed to summon a Duma (Parliament) elected by wide (though not universal) suffrage, and agreed that all laws must be approved by the Duma. In the meantime, on December 16, troops were sent to arrest some three hundred members of the St. Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies. The Revolution of 1905 in the Capital passed into history.

'''In December . . . another major uprising''' 
In Moscow, the Soviet of Workers' Deputeis proclaimed a general strike for December 20. When the authorities moved to arrest the stike leaders, an armed uprising broke out. Barricades went up in workers' quarter of the city, and revolutionaries from St. Petersburg, Odessa, and elsewhere joined in the struggle. Nicholas dispatched elite troops with artillery which reduced the rebels' area to ruins. By December 31, the rebellion in Moscow was over. The number of killed and wounded totaled over a thousand.

'''In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines''' 
The Russo-Japanese War was officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth on August 23, 1905. In late summer there were numerous minor mutinies by troop returning from Manchuria on the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Fighting between the left and the right erupted on October 20 around Tomsk. On November 12, mutinous soldiers and sailors destroyed much of Vladivostok on the Pacific coast, the end of the Trans-Siberian. There were unrests and prisings in Chita (November 29), Irkutsk (December 13), and Novorossiisk (December 22) as well.

'''Muslim rebellion''' 
The downfall of the Ottoman Empire by Turkey?

:No. In this whole paragraph Pynchon only factually describes the events in Russia and the Russian 1905 Revolution.

:Muslims in Central Asia (Kirghiz, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tadzhik, and others) had never been happy as pawns in the "Great Game" and now (1905) attempted to throw off Russian domination. Turkey, center of the Ottoman Empire, had its rebellion a few years later.

:The text said "'''''a''''' Muslim rebellion". Anyone knows this 1905 Muslim Rebellion in Russia?

'''the year that followed . . . Russians everywhere''' 
The well-known 1905 Revolution in Russian history was the beginning of the fall of the ''Old Regime''. The text "as the Revolution went collapsing" refered exactly to this one, not the February and October Revolutions in 1917. So "the year that followed" refered to 1906. In fact, Pynchon explicitly stated on page 602: "''By 1906'' there were Russians everywhere, . . ."

Soon after the collapse of the 1905 Revolution many Russians emmigrated abroad. They were 1) opponents to the Tsar regime feared of reprisal and backlash; 2) intelligentsia who were frightened by what just happened and afraid of a more violent upheaval in the future (Maxim Gorky, the writer, left Russia in the spring of 1906); 3) Jews, the victims of the large scale pogroms in 1905-06 (1964 Broadway musical ''Fiddler on the Roof'' told the story of how one Jewish family being forced to leave Russia in 1906); 4) youngsters who escaped the compulsory millitary service or looked for a quieter place for education. This was the second wave (1905-1917) of Russian emmigration. (1st wave: 1880-1905; 3rd: 1917-1939; 4th: 1945-1960; 5th: 1991-current).

'''as the Revolution went collapsing''' 
The first paragraph of this page is a factual description of the revolutionary events occured in Russia in 1905 which wwere later collectively called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revolution_of_1905 1905 Revolution]. It was the foreshock of that of 1917. It had all of Russia in its grip, and its outbreak had not been planned; it had simply grown spontaneously. It failed under the usual combination of repression and concessions. (see Richard Pipes' ''The Russian Revolution'' (1990)). In Soviet Marxist history 1905 Revolution is second only in importance to 1917 October Revolution, one of the most important revolutionary iconic events. (The 1917 Frebruary Revolution, the one actually overthrew the Tsar's Regime, was lightly mentioned because it was considered a ''bourgeois revolution''.) Numerous books, songs, poems, films . . . had been devoted to this Revolution. To the west the most memorable are the Eisenstein's silent film ''Battleship Potmekin'' (1925) and Shostakovich's ''Symphony No 11: The year 1905'' (1957).

'''Peter and Paul Fortress''' 
At St. Petersburg, established by Peter the Great. Political prisoners were confined there from the first half of the 1700s. Conditions were notoriously harsh.

'''kazatsky''' 
A Cossack dance, stereotypical Russian behavior.

'''raid....Waziristan''' 
Waziristan (Pashto: وزیرستان) is a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering some 11 585 km² (4,473 mi²). It comprises the area west and southwest of Peshawar between the Tochi River to the north and the Gomal River to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas. The North-West Frontier Province lies immediately to the east. The region was an independent tribal territory from 1893, remaining outside of British-ruled empire and Afghanistan. Tribal raiding into British-ruled territory was a constant problem for the British, eliciting frequent punitive expeditions between 1860 and 1945. Wikipedia

Currently, it is thought to be the last stronghold of Al Qaeda and Osama Bin Laden.

:Worth noting, perhaps, that Yashmeen came from Russia and had been ''transported'' to Waziristan for sale as a slave.

==Page 596==

'''as-ever transcendentally interesting hair''' 
(Perhaps a reference to Albert Einstein?)

Possibly, but given the numerous mentions of the Zeta function it is most likely a reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_numbers Transcendental Numbers]. These are irrational numbers that do not exist as the zero (or solution) to any algebraic function. A number of groundbreaking results regarding transcendentalism were made around the time the novel is set, and most if not all of the mathematicians and mathematical methods mentioned in the book revolve around transcendental numbers and functions.

Given that these numbers are often expressed as an infinite series, in which successive terms add ever-more-minuscule amounts to the value of the number, yet each digit is fascinatingly unique (since the decimal never repeats), it seems to me that Pynchon is suggesting that Yashmeen's hair has the quality of being endlessly fascinating, that even the observation of a single hair (or even a portion of a single hair) is involving and invigorating. This would mirror Kit's fascination and infatuation with Yashmeen, and the term would likely spring readily to the mind of a mathematician of the era.[[User:Dharper|Dharper]] 08:15, 16 January 2007 (PST)

'''. . . the Revolution''' 
Russian 1905 Revolution.

'''...it all finds its way back to the T.W.I.T. people....'''

"and what comes out of their shop can surprisingly often be trusted"

Suggestive of the CIA's Stargate Project in Remote Viewing

''''gen'''' 
British military slang for information. To gen-up is to learn quickly. OED gives earliest recorded use of the word as 1940.

'''a soul impaled . . . as if to bisect me''' 
Harks back to the fate of La Jarretière in ''V.''

'''Afghani dirhan''' 
An Afghani coin, more usually transliterated as "dirham". [http://ghaznavid.ancients.info/ This site] has pictures and more information.

'''Ghaznivid Empire''' 
Usually transliterated as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavid_Empire Ghaznavid Empire] (Wikipedia)

'''coffee scion''' 
Coffee motif. More likely: coffee heir.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
"quasseln" is a German verb, meaning roughly "to jabber"

'''less than universally respected Ludwig Boltzmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann Boltzmann] proposed an explanation of thermodynamics based on the statistical behaviour of atoms. Many influential colleagues at the time did not believe in the reality of atoms and thus worked to discredit Boltzmann.

==Page 597==

'''Gymnasium child''' 
A Gymnasium is a German secondary school

'''''Ach, die Zetamanie''''' 
German: Oh, the zeta-mania.

'''one measure of the chaos''' 
Cf. p. 188, where Neville and Nigel are referred to as "the N's," and to the proliferation of N name in T.W.I.T. in general.

'''crime...narrative puzzle''' 
Hinting at Webb's role in the novel?

One of Pynchon's central themes and best depicted in The Crying of Lot 49 which can be read as a satire on the order of crime novels and a comment on the central order of narrative structures. Certainly ATD can be read as a vast extension on this theme. The chaos/ order binary has already been a introduced a couple of lines above.

Humfried's comment reiterates something Pynchon says in his essay 'Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?', in virtually the same words.

'''Göttingen tradition'''...'''statue''' 
Like other university towns, Göttingen has developed its own folklore. On the day of their doctorate, postgraduate students are drawn in handcarts from the Great Hall to the Gänseliesel-Fountain in front of the Old Town Hall. There they have to climb the fountain and kiss the statue of the Gänseliesel (Goose girl). This practice is actually forbidden by law, but the law is not at all enforced. She is considered to be the most-kissed girl in the world. Wikipedia.

Addendum of interest for GR and ATD.
Nearly untouched by allied bombing in World War II (the informal understanding during the war was that Germany wouldn't bomb Cambridge and Oxford and the allies wouldn't bomb Heidelberg and Göttingen).

'''Rathaus square''' 
The square in front of City Hall.

==Page 598==

'''Axioms of Zermelo''' 
The basic axioms of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo-Frankel_set_theory#The_axioms Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory].

'''Poincaré''' 
Henri Poincaré (1854-1912), one of France's greatest mathermaticians and theorectical physicists. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9 Wikipedia])

'''Cauchy''' 
Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789-1857), a French mathematician. His name was connected with many other mathematicians mentioned in ATD: Cauchy-Riemann equation, Cauchy-Frobenious lemma, Cauchy-Euler equation, Cauchy-Kovalevskaia theorem. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin_Louis_Cauchy Wikipedia])

'''Whittaker and Watson''' 
A standard mathematics textbook of the time ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whittaker_and_Watson Wikipedia])

'''two point one''' 
(Cf Sondheim lyric, "A Little Night Music" [http://lynxfeather.net/nest/lyrics/nightmusic-nowlatersoon.html lyrics].)

:I think here just point-by-point listing was being used: 1); 2); 2.1).

==Page 599==

'''"What here is he ''doing?''" . . . "Obviously, we must now a duel fight."''' 
In keeping with his name (see p. 596 annotations), Günther speaks in a stage-German accent.

'''dueling-society cap''' 
Probably student corporation insignia.

'''inconvenience''' 
Obviously the name of the Chums' airship; whenever the word appears there seems to be a reference to the Chums; here: "...Here, not completely...slightly...somewhere else" as the airship always seems to be.

'''''Liebchen''''' 
German, "sweetheart"

'''''Egal was, meine Schatze''''' 
German, "No matter what, my darling" - though "meine Schatze" is an improper femininization, which ought to be "mein Schatz".

Meine Schatze literally means "my treasure" and is the term of endearment I used with my German girlfriend. She never mentioned it being "improper".

:"Meine Schatze" is definitely no German phrase, and it also sounds really strange to my (Austrian German) ears. "Meine Schätze" would be the plural, but that does not seem to make sense in this context. "Mein Schatz" instead would fit perfectly.

'''''Schläger''''' 
A specialized weapon for student duels. See Wikipedia's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_fencing Academic fencing] article.

'''Krummsäbel''' 
German, "scimitar".

'''Korbrapier''' 
A rapier with a basket ("Korb" in German) like protection hilt.

'''épée''' 
French for sword

A sharp-pointed duelling sword.

==Page 600==

'''Colt six-shooters''' 
I guess Kit's luggage beat him to Gottingen.

'''''Verbindung''''' 
German: connection, union. Here the student corps one belongs to.

'''upon the face of the other, ''to inscribe one's mark''''' 
In several of his movies, the actor Erich von Stroheim appeared with a nasty scar on the left side of his face. Dueling was a pastime of honor at some universities, and the sword scar was the mark of having sustained one's honor there. Special weapons, masks and inflaming treatments were employed to produce this lifelong disfigurement.

'''a Mexican tilde''' 
The wavy mark over the letter ñ in Spanish.

'''restoring moment, elastic constants''' 
Günther's scar is tilde-shaped because as his opponent's sword passed across his face it vibrated up and down once and returned to its starting position. The following would be a reasonable problem for a high-school physics student: If you know how fast the blade tip was traveling side to side and you're allowed to measure the scar, what was the frequency of the up-and-down motion? A second-year university physics student could work out the frequency of vibration given certain properties of the sword and swordsman. A ''restoring moment'' acts to swing the blade back to its mean position when it is deflected; the duelist's wrist exerts one restoring moment and the elasticity of the steel exerts a second one. The restoring moment depends in part on a number called ''elastic constant'' that relates force to linear deflection (think of the classic fisherman's scale, where more weight extends the spring farther).

'''wasn't going to converge . . . skipped a step . . . ''divided by zero''''' 
Kit insults Günther by pointing out blunders in the proof he gave to Yashmeen.

'''Geheimrat Hilbert''' 
German: confidential counsellor. A title of honor given to prominent civilian figures in Germany. For Hilbert Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page 324:Dr. Hilbert]].

==Page 601==

'''''Ehrenkodex''''' 
German, "code of honor"

'''Tyrolean hats''' 
[http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=tirolerhut&btnG=Search+Images Images]

'''''Schnurrbartbinde''''' 
A device to keep one's mustache safe from entanglement when sleeping, like [http://www.volkskrantblog.nl/pub/mm/2006/01/1137360569.70341.gif this].

'''Zeiss "Palmos Panoram"''' 
An early panoramic camera, mentioned in the 1911 Britannica's [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Photography Photography] article.

'''''"Auf die Mensur!"''''' 
German, "to the duel"

'''Andaman Islands''' 
[http://www.openencyclopedia.net/index.php/Andaman_Islands Here]'s a mention of tattooing practices in the Andaman Islands

'''Stephanie du Motel... group-theory godfather Évariste Galois''' 
Évariste Galois died in a duel at the age of 20. Though much confusion surrounds the affair, it is suspected that he provoked the duel after being rejected by one Stéphanie-Felice du Motel. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evariste_Galois#Final_days Wikipedia])

==Page 602==

'''By 1906 there were Russians everywhere, flown and fleeing westward''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 595|page 595:the year that followed . . . Russians everywhere]]. fleeing westward: most popular destination for Russian refugees was then France, later America.

'''young Ouspensky''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Uspensky Peter D. Ouspensky] (1878-1947), Russian mystic and philosopher, author of ''The Fourth Dimension'', appropriate to Pynchon's themes in ''ATD''.

An anachronism: Ouspensky's ''The Fourth Dimension'' wasn't published until 1909. (See Linda Dalrymple Henderson's ''The Fourth Dimension and Non-Euclidean Geometry in Modern Art''.)

'''Theosophoid''' 
A Pynchonism. From Theosophist Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page 219|page 219:Madame Blavatsky, Theosophical Society]]. the suffix "oid" often used in mathematics, indicates a "similarity, not necessarily exact, to something else". (android: similar to a man, ovoid: similar to an egg, etc.) As it is explained in the next sentence, "That's a Theosophist, only not entirely". Fitting, in a book that is obsessed with doppelgängers and people who are at once themselves, but not quite (see the transformations of Dr. V Ganesh Rao)

'''Chong''' 
A strange and seemingly unlikely visitor to Göttingen. The name might be taken from the Chinese philosopher Wang Chong, or Wang Ch'ung. Could also be Cheech Marin's partner, Tommy Chong (C.Marin alluded to earlier p.477). - This is Sidney Reilly, a famous spy of the time, in disguise. See the note on Sidney below.

'''"The what?"''' 
(Precipitous drop in authorial expectations?)

'''Chinese Bolshevik''' 
Chinese Communist. For the true meaning of Bolshevik Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 616|page 616:Bolshevists]]

'''Sidney . . . Kensington Sid''' 
Kensington is where elected officials worked. 

This is Sidney Reilly, the famous Ace of Spies. The reference is made clear by Swome on page 630, and, to the extent that any appearance here makes sense, a spy makes more sense than a political theorist. An annotation on page 630 includes a Wikipedia reference for Reilly. I don't know whether Reilly (or British spies of the day in general) had a particular association with Kensington, or whether the reference is to Chunxton Crescent, which is placed in roughly that part of London.

'''transtriadic''' 
Beyond the three.

==Page 603==

'''"Spiritual... At Göttingen?"''' 
Gottingen is materialistic. Preserved brains as like in a tannery.

'''Applied Mechanics Institute''' 
An institute of the University of Göttingen

'''Prandtl's recent discovery of the boundary layer''' 
Ludwig Prandtl ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Prandtl Wikipedia]) in 1904 developed the theory of the boundary layer ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary%20layer Wikipedia]) in aerodynamics, greatly simplifying aerodynamic calculations.

'''powered flight . . . at the edge of history''' 
In 1905 already a reality, but the pioneering empirical work was taking place in Ohio, not Germany.

'''brambled guttie''' 
A proto golf-ball, see [http://www.che.rochester.edu/users/dafoster/ChE243/SciAm%20GolfBall.pdf here].

'''Bürgerstrasse''' 
German, "Citizen's Street", a street in Göttingen.<bre>
This translation is correct but here "Bürger" refers to the German poet Gottfried August Bürger (1748 - 1794) who lived in Göttingen.

'''brambling''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brambling Brambling] (''Fringilla montifringilla'') is a finch related to chaffinches, and is plumed orange, black, and white. Widespread in northern Europe and Asia, it occasionally strays to Alaska and farther south.

'''Brauweg''' 
German, "Brewery Way", a street in Göttingen.

'''Zhukovsky's Transformation''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joukowsky_transform Joukowsky Transform] maps the unit circle in the complex plane to a shape very much like an airfoil.

'''Geheimrat Klein ''' 
Geheimrat = Privy councillor. 
In geometry, the Klein model, also called the projective model... is a model of n-dimensional hyperbolic geometry in which the points of the geometry are in an n-dimensional disk, or ball, and the lines of the geometry are line segments contained in the disk; that is, with endpoints on the boundary of the disk. 

'''glass of tea''' 
(Why not 'cup'?)
because in Europe, as opposed to in England, tea may be drunk from glassware.

'''draw pictures . . . flights of arrows . . . vectors without pictures''' 
Vectors can be visualized as arrows in a plane or three-dimensional space; more generally they can be represented as arrays of coefficients, and now they are not limited to three dimensions.

'''''"...according to Spiral Theory, up to infinity." "And beyond, " added Gunther, nodding earnestly.''''' 
Reference to Buzz Lightyear's stock character phrase in 1995's TOY STORY (Pixar/Disney):
"To Infinity... and Beyond!"
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:43, 19 December 2006 (PST)
: The text said nothing about Spiral Theory, I believe.
This reminded me of the caption "Jupiter and Beyond the Infinite" in the movie ''2001: A Space Odyssey''. [[User:WolfgangFaber|WolfgangFaber]] 07:44, 10 October 2008 (PDT)

'''according to Spectral Theory, up to infinity''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page 324:Spectral Theory]] and [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page 324:''infinite'' dimensions]].

==Page 604==

'''nontrivial zeroes''' 
The Riemann zeta function has two classes of zeros, the trivial zeroes being at negative even integers (-2, -4...), the non-trivial complex numbers, believed (but not proven) to have Re(z)=1/2. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis Wikipedia]. or Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:Zeta function conjecture]].

'''much-noted talk''' 
At the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris, Hilbert proposed a research programme of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s_problems#Tabulated_information 23 problems]. The Riemann hypothesis is number 8 on the list.

'''Sorbonne''' 
Until 1971, the name ''Sorbonne'' refered to the historic University of Paris in Paris, France, one of the best universities in France. The name is derived from the ''Collège de Sorbonne'', founded in 1257 by Robert de Sorbon as one of the first significant colleges of the medieval University of Paris; the university itself as such predates the college by about a centure. In 1971, after the univeristy reforms, the five faculties of the former University of Paris were split and then reformed into thirteen interdisciplinary universities. Three of them as true "heirs" to the original, have kept the Sorbonne name as part of their official title: Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), the New Sorbonne, and the Panthéon-Sorbonne. [http://www.paris4.sorbonne.fr/en/sommaire.php3 The University of Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV)] was the inheritor of the former University of Paris' Arts and Sciences Faculties.

'''the outstanding problems in mathematics''' 
Hilbert's Problems are 23 (originally) unsolved problems in mathematics proposed by Hilbert. Of the 23 total appearing in the printed address, 10 were actually presented at the Second International Congress of Mathematics at the Sorbonne, Paris on August 8, 1900. [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HilbertsProblems.html Hilbert's Problems] were designed to serve as examples for the kinds of problems whose solutions would lead to the furthering of disciplines in mathermatics. As such, some were areas for investigation and therefore not strictly "problems".

'''eigenvalues''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalue Wikipedia] Dudley Eigenvalue, D.D.S., was a character in ''V.''

'''Hermitian operator''' 
A Hermitian operator generalises some of the ideas of symmetry when complex numbers are involved. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitian_operator Wikipedia]

'''spine of reality . . . ''"Rückgrat von Wirklichkeit"''''' 
Probably a reference to the main diagonal of a Hermitian matrix, which can contain only real numbers. The German phrase is one accurate way to translate the English.

:are there any others? Translate the German back to English and you get "backbone of reality"

'''Hilbert-Polya Conjecture''' 
The conjecture that the zeroes of the Riemann function would be the eigenvalues of a Hermitian operator, just what Yashmeen is suggesting.

==Page 605==

'''Vance Aychrome''' 
The voracious detective is a stock figure in the mystery genre (Nero Wolfe, Mycroft Holmes, Inspector Dover, D.C.I. Dalziel and others). 
Is his name pronounced Eye Chrome, as in private eye? Weak possible connection?-- a truck light called Big Eye Chrome. The name sounds like 'fancy chrome.'

'''Full English Breakfast''' 
Bacon, eggs, tomato, toast... otherwise known as a fry-up.

'''Pythagorean dietary''' 
The Greek philosopher Pythagoras, who lived towards the end of the 6th century BC, was a prominent proponent of vegetarianism. The Pythagorean diet came to mean an avoidance of the flesh of slaughtered animals. Pythagorean ethics first became a philosophical morality between 490-430 BC with a desire to create a universal and absolute law including injunctions not to kill "living creatures," to abstain from "harsh-sounding bloodshed," in particular animal sacrifice, and "never to eat meat." (From a review of ''The Heretics Feast: a History of Vegetarianism'' by Colin Spencer, University Press of New England, 1995)

'''kippers and bloaters''' 
Different words (both Scottish) for smoked herrings

'''baps''' 
soft bread rolls - another Scottish word

'''Spong machine''' 
Appropriate technology. An English-made hand-cranked coffee grinder that doesn't light up, lacks a readout to tell when the beans are ready, and signally fails to function before the user wakes up. Only drawback is that some spouses compare its sound to half a load of cobbles being dumped on the roof.

'''thinned''' 
From full 78. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot Wikipedia]

'''vegetarian haggis''' 
It exists: [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22vegetarian+haggis Google search]

==Page 606==

'''Lamont Replevin''' 
"Replevin" is a legal term for a form of civil action to recover possession of property being wrongfully held by another.

'''Elflock Villa''' 
Elflock: A lock of hair tangled as if by elves. Often used in the plural.

'''Stuffed Edge, Herts''' 
An imaginary village in the South-East English county of Hertfordshire. Stuffed hedge?

'''kedgeree''' 
A hot breakfast dish of fish, rice, and eggs.

'''Cesare Lombroso''' 
Anthropologist who devised a method of identifying criminal "types" from their facial structures. (Cf [[ATD_171-198#Page 172|page 172: Dr. Lombroso]]).

'''Trans-Oxanian''' 
From the other side of the Oxus River (now Amu-Darya) in Central Asia. Cf. [[ATD_429-459#Page 439|page 439:the Oxus]].

'''Graeco-Buddhist''' 
The hybrid cultural background evidenced in Shambhala. Greco-Buddhism, sometimes spelled Graeco-Buddhism, is the cultural syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 800 years in Central Asia in the area corresponding to modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan, between the 4th century BCE and the 5th century CE. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Buddhism Wikipedia] and Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page 438|page 438:Graeco-Buddhist]].

'''bad hats''' 
A bad hat is a slang term for a rascal

==Page 607==

'''Gas Office''' 
As explained in the text, the Scotland Yard bureau that kept gas communications under surveillance.

'''communication by means of coal-gas''' 
Cf Nabokov's "Ada". Also inverse of Tesla's energy-transmitter. A parallel to the Tristero, too. The description of communication by gas seems like a self-parody of ''The Crying of Lot 49.''

'''bombs... Suffragettes''' 
(Did they bomb post offices?!?)post boxes:Suffragettes carried out direct action such as chaining themselves to railings, setting fire to the contents of mailboxes, smashing windows and on occasions setting off bombs. Wikipedia

'''Persian''' 
Majority language in Iran, now called Farsi.

'''Pashto''' 
A language spoken in Afghanistan and nearby.

'''Tadjik''' 
A language spoken in Tadjikistan. "Mountain Tadjik" presumably dominates in the 60% or so of the country that is in high mountains.

'''Seven Dials''' 
In Covent Garden, London - a place where 7 roads meet. An unsavory assignment for a policeman.

==Page 608==

'''"Avoid beans"''' 
Pythagoreans follow a proscription against eating beans.

'''spotted dick''' 
A suet pudding with raisins or currants

'''Yarmouth bloater''' 
A cured herring from the port town of Yarmouth.

'''queering the pitch''' 
[http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/297387.html Disrupting someone's business;] compare [[ATD_748-767#Page_758|"yakitori pitches," p. 758.]]

''''shape'''' 
a doughnut,which comes in various shapes? Including the math-relevant
shape: a torus. But probably just a bit of bun, scone, etc. listed as Vance's breakfast...no doughnut listed.

'Shape' is another word for blancmange, which is made of gelatin, derived probably from the bones of some animal. Aychrome wonders "what's it made of", to which Lew responds "Maybe you don't want to know." [[User:Nehoccramcire|Nehoccramcire]] 09:14, 12 March 2007 (PDT)

'''the Embankment''' 
Victoria Embankment, London, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_yard Scotland Yard] was located there from 1890 to 1967. Scotland Yard was founded on September 29, 1829, on a street off Whitehall; and in 1967 it moved to the present location at 10 Broadway Street, London.

'''blue lamps''' 
Traditionally hung outside police stations in England.

'''lamé surfaces''' 
Lamé (fabric), a fabric inwoven metallic threads 
Lamé, name of the electrically conductive jacket worn by foil and sabre fencers 
Lamé (armor), an unarticulated component of a larger piece of armor 

'''yarmulke... high crown... dented Trilby style''' 
[http://www.wpclipart.com/clothes/hats/index.html Image of a Trilby hat.]

==Page 609==

'''Bukhara''' 
Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 425|page 425:Bukhara]]

'''''Kelly's Suburban Dictionary''''' 
The peerless [http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/10/22/design360.icon.az/index.html ''London A to Z''] did not come along until the 1930s.

'''wenlets''' 
Politician and journalist William Cobbett (1763-1835) called London "the great wen." It was not a compliment, because ''wen'' means a sebaceous cyst. Wenlets are small versions of the "great" wen.

==Page 610==

'''daylight oil''' 
from the streetlamps, lit up for hours?

'''a moon no one could see''' 
Note that the ''Inconvenience'' is repeatedly referred to as a "moon" ([[ATD_119-148#Page_144|p. 144,]] [[ATD_171-198#Page_187|p. 187]]) and is sometimes seen under other guises ([[ATD_199-218#Page_215|p. 215,]] [[ATD_243-272#Page_272|p. 272]]).

'''refused to dim''' 
(Nicely vivid.)

'''Vontz's Universal Pick''' 
Vontz (Yiddish): bedbug.

'''alchemized coke''' 
Gas works that manufacture syngas also produce coke as an end product, called gas house coke.

Fluid coking is a process by which heavy residual crude is converted into lighter products such as naptha, kerosene, heating oil, and hydrocarbon gases. The "fluid" term refers to the fact that coke particles are in a continuous system versus older batch coking technology. Wikipedia

'''Lincrusta-Walton''' 
an embossed fabric used for covering walls, invented in 1877 by Frederick Walton as an alternative to more expensive wallpapers (wikipedia).

'''hipshot''' 
having one hip lower than the other: a Greek statue in hipshot pose.M-W.

'''captive maiden''' 
In ''The Crying of Lot 49'', Oedipa Maas is referred to as a "captive maiden" in the scene where she's standing in front of the Remedios Varo painting. It would certainly be worth while to examine the parallels more closely.

'''scalene polygons''' 
Polygons with sides of unequal length.

'''jet''' 
jet black, a color.

'''Apotheosis Sparkless Torch''' 

==Page 611==

'''magnalium''' 
An alloy of magnesium and aluminum.

'''Lamont Replevin (for it was he)''' 
Formula from penny-dreadful literature: Open the chapter with an unknown character (referred to ahead of time but never yet making an appearance), describe looks and some little action, then spring the name on the reader.

'''''The Slow and the Stupefied''''' 
Daytime soap 'The Young and the Restless'.

'''gas-head''' 
Cf pothead, acidhead, etc.

'''Pike's Peak''' 
Lew's old stompinground.

'''Gus Swallowfield''' 
A curious pseudonym assumed by Lew Basnight while in the presence of Lamont Replevin. As Mr. Swallowfield, Lew professes to be an insurance salesman. The name is very overtly British and is possibly referential to the Swallowfield estate in Berkshire, which itself has a curious history.

'''most theft policies''' 
(Fact?)

'''pantechnicon''' 
A closed van or carryall. (Is TRP trying to put a burr under S. Weisenburger's saddle by bringing this vehicle back? SW's gloss in the ''GR Companion,'' at page 19 of the Viking edition, is famously wrong.) 

Pantechnicon can mean either a furniture warehouse (originally a bazaar) or a removal van. The reference in GR to "the piano in the pantechnicon" is therefore ambiguous. TRP might say that he meant a van, not a bazaar, but that would not mean that SW was wrong. Just that SW and TRP had different readings of the novel. And the author's reading does not necessarily have primacy.

This assertion is generally debateable and in the case of TRP his conscious intentions in his fully thought out novels carries a lot of primacy most of the time, most might argue. This wiki attests to that.

:Lots of people would say the wiki is wrong then. You can discover sources and you may be able to parse processes (rewrites, selection of information), but the author's intentions are not accessible; only the work is. Therefore (and so on and so forth). A philosophical question and probably not wiki-able.

'''legitimate bill of sale''' 
That is, a stolen object with a stolen bill of sale cannot be proved to be stolen; the thief has the receipt.

'''burglary insurance''' 
Although TRP writes that most theft policies were written in the US by the time Lew speaks to Replevin, the first burglary policy was in fact offered by Cuthbert Heath, an Underwriter at Lloyd's, London in about 1889, which would seem to be a few years earlier than the scene. Antony Brown, ''Cuthbert Heath'' ( David & Charles, New Abbot London 1984)at pages 72-76. [[User:TheKenoshaKid|TheKenoshaKid]] 15:52, 9 March 2008 (PDT)

==Page 612==

'''''Pavonazzetto''''' 
brecciated white marble with violet veins from Docimia, Asia Minor.

'''Phrygian marble''' 
Phrygia is an ancient region of west central Asia Minor, to the south of Bithynia. Marble from there was highly valued.

'''Atys... Agdistis''' 
From Greek and Roman mythology. Atys (or Attis) is a young lover of the goddess Cybele (also known as Agdistis in Phrygia). When he wished to marry, Cybele drove him mad and he castrated himself. Catullus wrote a poem on the subject.

'''''The Mutilation of Atys''''' 
No images: [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&lr=&q=%22Mutilation%20of%20Atys&btnG=Search&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wi Google image search]

But under the name Attis, this two-panel sequence: [http://www.aztriad.com/aacarati.html page 1,] [http://www.aztriad.com/aacatals.html page 2,] from "Seladore's Historical Cartoons." And [http://paxnortona.notfrisco2.com/?p=2332 a photo] of what appears to be an old statue of Attis.

'''Arturo Naunt, Chelsea's own, shocking the bourgeoisie since 1889''' 
Phrasing reminiscent of advertising.

'''shocking the bourgeoisie''' 
A popular pastime for young and not-so-young soi-disant radicals ("Epater le bourgeois").

'''koumiss vessel''' 
A container for fermented horse's milk. Perhaps like this one:
[http://studentorgs.utexas.edu/husa/origins/szkitahist/scythianvessel.html]

'''depending on the angle you hold it at, sometimes it doesn't look like anything at all''' 
A concise description of anamorphic and paramorphic images; this one needs the Paramorphoscope to interpret it.

'''wrathful deities from Tantric Buddhism''' 
Tantric Buddhism is also known as Varjayana Buddhism. In Varjayana Buddhism, a dharmapāla (Tibetan drag-gshed) is a type of wrathful deity. The name means "Dharma-defender" in Sanskrit, and the dharmapalas are also known as the Defenders of the Law (Dharma) or the Protectors of the Law in English.
In Buddhist iconography, they are invariably depicted as fearsome beings, often with many heads, hands or feet; blue, black or red skin; and a fierce expression with protruding fangs. Though dharmapalas have a terrifying appearance, they are all bodhisattvas or buddhas- embodiments of compassion that act in a wrathful way for the sake of sentient beings.Wikipedia

==Page 613==

'''tiny German hand camera''' 
Probably a Zeiss Ikon. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeiss Wikipedia Entry]

'''raw light''' 
light from a gaslight is not 'artificial' as from electric lights, streetlamps, etc. Cf. Telleruide section.

'''Gasophilia''' 
Love of gas.

'''Schwärmer''' 
The name is a German word meaning visionary, zealot, raver.

'''Waves in a timeless stream of Gas''' 
Replevin equates piped gas to the æther.

'''Sensitive Flame''' 
A burner flame adjusted so that it responds to the tiniest disturbance in the
air. Used by both physicists and spiritualists.

'''cognizant nose...medium for the most exquisite poetry'''

see Proust

'''Chidambaram''' 
A city in south India and Chidambaram is one of the Panchabhoota Sthalams - temples built for the 5 elements said to embody Shiva - at Chidambaram (space), Kalahasti (wind), Thiruvanaikaval (water), Tiruvannamalai (fire) and Kanchipuram (earth).

'''''Akaša''''' 
Akasa is the fifth element,the ether, unseen and invisible but an important element permeating the whole universe. It is also considered
to be indentical with Brahma, the creator..... 
Akasa is 'simple,continuous infinite substance and is the substratum of sound.' Both from Indian Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1999.

Occultist Eliphas Levi associated akasa with what he called the "Astral Light". He writes: "[T]his electromagnetic ether, this vital and luminous caloric (Perhaps this explains Pynchon's insistence on the term "luminiferous aether"?), is represented on ancient monuments by the girdle of Isis which twines round two poles and in ancient theogonies by the serpent devouring its own tail, emblem of prudence and of Saturn" -- emblem of infinity, immortality, and Kronos -- 'Time'". He says it is "a force in Nature," by means of which "a single man who can master it... might throw the world into confusion and transform its face"; for it is the "great Arcanum of transcendent Magic." It is a "blind force... which souls must conquer in order to detach themselves from the chains of Earth; 'for if they should not,' they will be absorbed by the same power which first produced them and will return to the central and eternal fire."

It gets better... He writes: "It is through this Force that all the nervous centres secretly communicate with each other; from it -- that sympathy and antipathy are born; from it -- that we have our dreams; and that the phenomena of second sight and extra-natural visions take place... Astral Light, acting under the impulsion of powerful wills, destroys, coagulates, separates, breaks, gathers in all things... God created it on that day when he said: Fiat Lux..." He refers to akasa/Astral Light variably as "the body of the Holy Ghost", the "grand Agent Magique", "Lucifer" and "Baphomet", the winged-goat figure that served as the inspiration for the Devil Tarot card designed by Colman-Smith. [http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sd/sd1-1-12.htm From Madame Blavatsky's "The Secret Doctrine"][http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sd/sd2-2-06.htm Más]

[http://laluni.helloyou.ws/askbaba/prasnottaravahini/prasnottara01.html This page] also equates akasa with the ether and sez that "each subsequent element originated from the previous one" with akasa being the first, similar to the Kaballic Tree of Life.

'''Atman''' 
''Sanskrit''. In Hinduisim, the innermost essence of each individual. Also, the soul. ''Cf.'' Weed Atman in ''Vineland''.

''''''Chaos'''''' 
allusion is seems to Genesis. "Chaos" is in fact the Greek word [for without form and void], says this site.
"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth
And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
And God said, Let there be light; and there was light.
And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness."
-- Genesis 1: 1-4 (KJV)

'''van Helmont''' 
He claimed to have coined the word "gas" in just the way described here.

'In his "Physica" (1633), the Rosicrucian alchemist Jan Baptist van Helmont, wrote: "Ad huc spiritum incognitum Gas voco," i.e., "This hitherto unknown Spirit I call Gas." Further on in the same work he says, "This vapor which I have called Gas is not far removed from the Chaos the ancients spoke of."' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astral_light#Esoteric_conceptions wiki]

'''stridently unpopulated''' 
Cf p610.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 588-614

2008-10-10T13:20:40Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 599 */ comment on "meine Schatze"

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 588==

'''tannery''' 
In ancient history, tanning was considered a noxious or "odiferous trade" and relegated to the outskirts of town, amongst the poor. Indeed, tanning by ancient methods is so foul smelling that tanneries are still isolated from those towns today where the old methods are used.

'''Gottlob''' 
Literally "praise to God", as an exclamation also "Thank God!". Though it is rare, it is a real German name. 
Very much so: for example of mathematician/philospher Gottlob Frege, who did study at Göttingen, but not at this time.

'''Humfried''' 
A German translation of Humphrey. This was not an existing German name any time after the medieval, though.

'''Gauss's brain''' 
After Carl Friedrich Gauss died in 1855, his brain was preserved for research purposes. To this day, it is in the possession of the University of Göttingen. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Gauss]].

'''impervious to the wind''' 
(Attribute of tanned leather?)

'''''"Heiliger Bimbam!"''''' 
A German expression of surprise, translated elsewhere as "Holy Moly!"

'''It is she, she!''' 
probably an allusion to H. Rider Haggard's She. See Wikipedia entry. She has been purified by a pillar of fire. In ''Against the day'', she rises from the swamp. Carl Jung, who used the novel ''She'' (1887) as an example of anima, posited the anima is an archetypical form, expressing the fact that a man has a minority of female genes. Haggard's Queen Ayesha is an unmistakable anima type the ultimate guide and mediator to the inner world. The idea has also connections with the observations of James Frazer in his classical study ''The Golden Bough''. Haggard's idea of a journey into the "darkest Africa," which turns into a spiritual search, has been used by a number of writers, including Joseph Conrad in ''Heart of Darkness'' (1902). 
"My empire is of thy imagination", She says in the novel, "She". Cf. a line, [which I am checking] in "The Crying of Lot 49".

She is 'discovered' somewhere in unknown Africa by some British 'explorers' in a hidden kingdom, and she first appears in a sort of late 19th century private boudoir there. She came to that place via a complicated story some 2000 years earlier, and is of Yemenite origin, having come to the world in pretty much the normal fashion. Yashmeen seems indeed to be based on some fin-de-siecle imaginations of the 'ideal' woman (her looks in general, and the often mentioned streaming black hair of hers), but unlike Haggard's She, Yashmeen is rather powerless in the long run, despite her obvious erotic influence on the men and women in ATD. - Tommaso

:Powerless is a term worth lots of discussion here. [User: MKOHUT]

'''rim''' 
Kit pretends to think he's referring to monocle as 'chichi' (stylish).

'''Kovalevskaia''' 
Sofia Kovalevskaia, 1850-1891. Russian mathematician, in 1884 appointed professor in Stockholm. The third female professor in Europe ever. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and (Wikipedia)

'''Roentgen-ray spectacles''' 
The X-ray glasses that used to be advertised in comic books.

'''''natürlich''''' 
German: naturally.

==Page 589==

'''Those curves are everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable''' 
This is exactly a description of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weierstrass_function Weierstrass function] (1872), a pathological example of a real-valued function on the real line. This function was cited on page 594 by Yashmeen as one of the crises in mathermatics. Also see [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/WeierstrassFunction.html Weierstrass function from MathWorld] and Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Karl Weierstrass]].

'''Those curves . . . ''Noli me tangere''''' 
A well-turned wordplay: The operation of differentiating a curve involves drawing ''tangents'' to it at selected points. The curves in question are continuous, but the injunction ''Noli me tangere'' means you can't draw the tangents.

:If a curve is nowhere differentiable then there will be no tangents anywhere. The curve is everywhere ''untouchable''.

'''''Noli me tangere''''' 
Latin for 'don't touch me'

or, in the immortal words of MC Hammer; "You can't touch this"

'''''Hausknochen''''' 
German: a giant housekey, as defined, literally House Bone,with perhaps a
double entendre on bone?

==Page 590==

'''Hadamard... Poussin... Prime Number Theorem''' 
Hadamard and Poussin independently proved the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number_theorem prime number theorem] in 1896, relying on Riemann's Zeta function.

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Hadamard.html Jacques Hadamard] (1865-1963), a French mathematician best known for his proof of the Prime Number Theorem in 1896.

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Vallee_Poussin.html de la Vallée Poissin] (1866-1962), a Belgian mathematician best known for his proof (independently) of the Prime Number Theorem and his major work ''Cours d'Analyse''.

'''patent ''Kühlbox''''' 
''Kühlbox'' here just means "icebox" or "cooler." Refrigerators were available at the time of the action but not widely used, so an icebox is more likely. It's upstairs in Kit's room, so not necessarily portable.

"Patent," attached to a noun like [[ATD_429-459#Page_457|leather or pencil,]] could mean really, officially patented ''or'' novel and gimmicky. Patent medicines are sold under protected names but not genuine patents in most cases. So the icebox features some radical or distinctive design. My money's on asbestos insulation between the zinc sheets.

[http://www.dhm.de/datenbank/index.html?/datenbank/rb00/rb000891.html Pic of a ca. 1920 Eiskiste-model]. According to German Wikipedia, the mobile "Eiskiste" (icebox) had to be filled with (natural) ice, while its successor, the Kühlbox, worked/works with "Kühlaggregate" (cooling units). The contributor is not sure if suchlike were around at that time. German Wikipedia on [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiskiste Eiskiste] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BChlbox Kühlbox].

'''beleaguered subset''' 
a group (from the whole) under attack

'''That is, is it was ''some smile''''' 
Typo, for That is, it was ''some smile''.

'''Prime Number Theorem''' 
Gives an estimate of the number of primes less than a whole number ''n.'' For example, if ''n'' is 20 then there are nine primes less than it (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19). The Prime Number Theorem is closely related to the Riemann Hypothesis.

:It seems the Prime Number Theorem says something about π(n)(ln n)/n approaches a limit as n increases indefinitely. π (n) is the number of primes.

==Page 591==

'''prats''' 
Literally the buttocks. As a slang term, a 'prat' is an [[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day|idiot]].

'''''Die Nullstellen der ζ-Funktion''''' 
German: the zeroes of the ζ function. (Null = zero; Stelle = location.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function#Zeros_of_the_Riemann_zeta_function Wikipedia] on the "Zeros of the Riemann zeta-function".

'''not all that hard to prove''' 
Kit will upset the applecart if he can prove the Riemann Hypothesis; Yashmeen's research topic will shrink to triviality. (Last time I checked, no one had yet proved the hypothesis.)

'''"Richard Harding Davis"''' 
Popular writer of fiction and drama, journalist/war-correspondent and a major male-role-model of his time (1864 - 1916). He was considered the model for illustrator Charles Dana Gibson's dashing Gibson man, the male equivalent of his famous Gibson Girl. He is also referenced early in Sinclair Lewis's book, ''Dodsworth'' as the example of an exciting, adventure-seeking legitimate hero. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Harding_Davis Wikipedia]. Among other things, he reported on Belgian atrocities in the Congo.

'''seldom, if ever''' 
Cf p559 re Umeki!?

'''tetralatry''' 
made up from greek "tettares" (prefix -tetra) = four and "latreia" = worship

'''C. Howard Hinton''' 
Charles Howard Hinton (1853 – 1907) was a British mathematician and writer of science fiction works titled ''Scientific Romances''. He was interested in higher dimensions, particularly the fourth dimension, and is known for coining the word ''tesseract'' and for his work on methods of visualising the geometry of higher dimensions. He also had a strong interest in theosophy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Howard_Hinton Wikipedia Entry]

'''Johann K.F. Zöllner''' 
Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner (1834–1882) was a German astrophysicist. Studied Photometrie and optical illusions. He insisted a fourth dimension should be considered in Physics and tried to scientifically explain spiritist phenomena.

'''vogue... 'vague'''' 
Nice wordplay as Yashmeen seems to think the vogue of mysticism is not very precise, is 'vague' intellectually. Further play on "vague" = wave, as in an intellectual fad, e.g. in film, the French "Nouvelle Vague" (New Wave).

==Page 592==

'''upside-down triangles''' 
Also Pléiade p538. In mathematics that would be the operator ''del'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del Wikipedia]. Since pre-history and across most cultures the upside-down triangle is a symbol for the female (genitals).

Florian Cajori's ''A History of Mathematical Notations'' (v.2 p.135) states that the del (aka Hamiltonian operator) was introduced by William Hamilton in his 1853 lecture on Quaternions. Rumour has it that it is supposed to be a drawing of an ancient Hebrew harp (nabla). It is also known as the atled (backword delta).

This in turn suggests (within the context of AtD (atled??) a reversal of time or a mirror image of change.

'''screamingly obvious fallacy in this . . . "proof" of yours''' 
Yashmeen reacts in a slight panic to Kit's threat (page 591).

'''metallic banging''' 
Hausknochen on doors, with 'banging' entendre.

'''"metric interval"''' 
In Euclidean (three-dimensional) space a distance is just what you think it is. In other geometrical systems the term "metric interval" is preferred as a generalized distance.

'''social life is unpredictable''' 
mirrors the situation in the "Hotel Noctambulo", p. 462. Are all these guys "chums of chance"?

[Not sure about the "chums" idea, but more confusion between public and private space on pg. 155 -- Hunter Penhallow leaving the ruined city, presumably in a time machine: "At some point he must have come indoors, entering a sort of open courtyard....Without intending to, he was walking through inhabited rooms."]

'''Weenderstrasse '''
The main shopping street in Göttingen.

'''Prinzenstrasse and Weenderstrasse''' 
A street corner at the very center of Göttingen ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=g%C3%B6ttingen,+germany&ie=UTF8&om=1&z=17&ll=51.534284,9.935417&spn=0.006107,0.010793&t=h Google Maps]), "known to mathematicians here as the origin of the city of Göttingen's coordinate system". 
The intersection of these two streets is colloquial called "the navel". For visitors it is not that spectacular, but it's the number one meeting point for people who live in Göttingen before going to a cafe or pub. (I don't know, why we allways meet there, but we allways do!) So Pynchon definitley knows, why he compares this street corner with the origin of Göttingen's coordinate system. 
By the way, one of the oldest bookstores of Göttingen is situated right at the described corner of Prinzen- and Weenderstrasse.

==Page 593==

'''twenty marks''' 
A mark is short for deutschemark, a German monetary unit. 
That was the case after the Second World War, but the unit was just called the mark until at least the end of the empire. [http://www.thegoldcoinstore.com/WorldGold/German_Gold_20_Marks_Kaizer_Wilhelm_II.php Here] is a picture of a 20 mark coin from the period of the action.

'''''der Pistolenheld''''' 
German: the pistol hero. Meaning: the gunman. 'Pistolenheld' seems rather funny, the correct German word is: der Revolverheld.

'''automorphic functions and the Anharmonic Pencil''' 
[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AutomorphicFunction.html Automorphic Functions] are generalizations of trigonometric functions and elliptic functions.

Anharmonic Pencil see [[ATD_525-556#Page 532|page 532:Anharmonic Pencil]].

'''''das Nichtharmonischestrahlenbündel''''' 
Or ''das nichtharmonische Strahlenbündel.'' German: the anharmonic pencil. A "pencil" is the set of lines passing through a point.

'''Euler''' 
Leonhard Euler (pronounced Oiler; IPA [ˈɔʏlɐ]) (April 15, 1707 – September 7, 1783) was a Russian-German mathematician and physicist of Swiss descent. From Wikipedia and below:

Euler made important discoveries in fields as diverse as calculus, number theory, and topology. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. [1] He is also renowned for his work in mechanics, optics, and astronomy.

Euler is considered to be the preeminent mathematician of the 18th century and one of the greatest of all time.

'''Felix Klein''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Klein.html Felix Klein] (1849-1925), a German mathematician, best known for his work in non-Euclidean goemetry, for his work on the connections between geometry and group theory, and for results in function theory. Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 565|page 565:Felix Klein]].

'''''Mathematical Theory of the Top''''' 
Published in the U.S. in 1897. Compare Felix Klein and Arnold Sommerfeld, ''Über die Theorie des Kreisels,'' 4 volumes, 1897-1910.

'''Leopold Kronecker''' and '''Cantor''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Kronecker.html Leopold Kronecker] (1823-1891), a German mathematician, primary contributions were in the theory of equations. He made major contributions in elliptic functions and the theory of algebraic numbers.

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Cantor.html Georg Cantor] (1845-1918), a German mathematician. He founded set theory and introduced the concept of infinite numbers with his discovery of cardinal numbers. He also advanced the study of trigonometric series. (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 250|page 250:Dr. Cantor]]).

The "monumental quarrel between Kronecker and Cantor" is also referred to as a "religious war," appropriately enough. It's based in a disagreement over the legitimacy of numbers. Kronecker held that "'the positive integers were created by God, and all else is the work of man.'" This is contradicted by "'Cantor with his ''Kontinuum'', professing an equally strong belief in just those regions, infinitely divisible, which lie ''between'' the whole numbers so demanding of all Kronecker's devotion.'"

The disagreement between the two mathematicians is reminiscent of (or does it anticipate?) the rift between Pointsman and Mexico in ''Gravity's Rainbow''. Kronecker's integers "created by God" have become a Pavlovian digital binary for Pointsman, but the two oppositions track faithfully right down to the italicized "between."

"The young statistician [Mexico] is devoted to number and to method, not table-rapping or wishful thinking. But in the domain of zero to one, not-something to something, Pointsman can only possess the zero and the one. He cannot, like Mexico, survive anyplace in between. Like his master I. P. Pavlov before him, he imagines the cortex of the brain as a mosaic of tiny on/off elements.... But to Mexico belongs the domain ''between'' zero and one." [Page 55]

It should be noted, however, that the continuous number line was a modern innovation. In Greek number theory, a number is a collection of indivisible units. Irrationals, such as the square root of 2 are not numbers but "magnitudes." One is not even a number for it is not a number of units. There are no negative numbers as well. (see Klein's Greek Mathematical Thought and the Origin of Algebra.) So Kronecker's position may be less of a crazy innovation as much as a maintenance of ancient theory.

:That last paragraph makes an excellent point.

'''the square root of minus one''' 
The imaginary number ''i''. Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 133|page 133:Imarginary Number]].

'''the square root of ''plus two''' 
From Carl B. Boyer's ''A History of Mathematics'', 2nd Ed. 1991, pp.564 & 565): 
The domain of rational numbers can be extended to form a continuum of real numbers if one assumes Cantor-Dedekind axiom that the points on a line can be put into one-to-one correspondence with the real numbers. "Arithmetically expressed, this means that for every division of the rational numbers into two classes A and B such that every number of the first class, A, is less than every number of the second class, B, there is one and only one real number producing this ''Schnitt'', or . . . cut. If A has a largest number, or if B contains a smallest number, the cut defines a rational number; but if A has no largest number and B no smallest, then the cut defines an irrational number. If, for example, we put in A all negative rational numbers and also all positive rational numbers whose squares are less than 2, and in B all positive rational numbers whose squares are more than 2, we have subdivided the entire field of rational numbers in a manner defining an irrational number—in this case the number that we usually write as" ''suqare root of 2''. In fact, the squae root of ''plus two'' "can be defined simply as that segment or subclass of the set of rational numbers made up of all positive rational numbers whose squares are less than 2 and also of all negative rational numbers." —— This is what Kronecker did not believe.

'''''Kontinuum''''' 
This passage closely parallels the one about the "microcosm of Venice" on page 575.

==Page 594==

'''''Nervenklinik''''' 
German: nerve clinic. Three-dollar word for a mental hospital.

'''boundless epsilonic world''' 
Epsilon, Greek letter like E. In mathematics (particularly calculus), an arbitrary (or nearly so) small positive quantity is commonly denoted ε; see limit.
By analogy with this, the late mathematician Paul Erdős also used the term "epsilons" to refer to children (Hoffman 1998, p. 4). Wikipedia; of Huxley's five classes of citizens in ''Brave New World'' epsilons were purposely stunted physically and intellectually.

'''Der Finsterzwerg''' 
The choice of the tavern "The Dwarf of Darkness" may have been meant as a dig at five-foot-tall Kronecker.

'''chloral hydrate''' 
A/k/a "knockout drops" a/k/a a "Mickey Finn". Hence the ''Mickifest''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloral_hydrate Wikipedia entry].

'''''Kneipe''''' 
German: pub

'''Gauss passing to Weber a remark''' 
Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß) (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and scientist of profound genius who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. Sometimes known as "the prince of mathematicians" and "greatest mathematician since antiquity", Gauss had a remarkable influence in many fields of mathematics and science and is ranked as one of history's most influential mathematicians. (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Gauss]].)

That influence is seen in the field of statistics where the Gaussian distribution (also known as the normal distribution, popularly known as the bell curve) is named after him. With its ability to correctly model "psychological measurements and physical phenomena" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution] and its resemblance to both the rainbow and the rocket's arc, there's no surprise Pynchon references it often in GR, even having Roger Mexico quote the formula as "an old saying among my people" (p.709).

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber Wilhelm Weber] (1804-91), a noted German physicist. He studied magnetism with Gauss and in 1831, on the recommendation of Gauss, he was appointed as professor of physics at Göttingen. And in 1833 Gauss and Weber constructed the first electromagnetic telegraph. The SI unit of magnetic flux, the ''weber'', is named after him.

In 1831 Gauss developed a fruitful collaboration with the physics professor Wilhelm Weber; it led to new knowledge in the field of magnetism (including finding a representation for the unit of magnetism in terms of mass, length and time) and the discovery of Kirchhoff's circuit laws in electricity. Gauss and Weber constructed the first electromagnetic telegraph in 1833, which connected the observatory with the institute for physics in Göttingen. Gauss ordered a magnetic observatory to be built in the garden of the observatory and with Weber founded the magnetischer Verein ("magnetic club"), which supported measurements of earth's magnetic field in many regions of the world. He developed a method of measuring the horizontal intensity of the magnetic field which has been in use well into the second half of the 20th century and worked out the mathematical theory for separating the inner (core and crust) and outer (magnetospheric) sources of Earth's magnetic field

'''Göttingen . . . in the war with Prussia''' 
This refers to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_war Austro-Prussian War], (also called Seven Weeks' War), June 15–August 23, 1866, between Prussia, allied with Italy, and Austria, allied with Bavaria, Wüttemberg, Saxony (where Göttingen is located), Hanover, Baden and several other smaller German states. It was Bismarck's aim to expel, by force, Austria from the German Confederation as a step toward the unification of Germany under Prussian dominace.
:Göttingen is in Saxony now (specifically the state of ''Niedersachsen'' or Lower Saxony), but until 1866 it was an important city in the Kingdom of Hanover.

'''political crisis in Europe''' 
The period of 1870 to 1914 was characterized by the Anglo-German naval race and European powers - Germany, Italy, Belgium, Britain and France - scrambled for Africa. The major events in Europe were: 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War; 1905 Russian Revolution; 1908 Bosnia Crisis; 1911-12 Italian Turkish War; 1912-13 Balkan War; 1914 World War I began.

'''crisis in mathematics . . . Weierstrass functions, Cantor's continuum, Russell's inexhaustible capacity for mischief''' 
A genuine crisis as well-established ideas were challenged. Weierstrass functions have the unheard-of property that they are "continuous but nowhere differentiable." Cantor's ideas about the continuum violated a longstanding prohibition against infinite quantities. Bertrand Russell around this time was setting the cat among the pigeons by identifying paradoxes and inconsistencies in set theory and number theory.

'''"the infinite" was all but a conjuror's convenience''' 
There is a very good book relating how the infinite, between the 18th and early 20th centuries, finally found a place in mathematics: ''In Search of Infinity'' by N.Ya. Vilenkin (translated by Abe Shenitzer).

==Page 595==

'''That winter, in St. Petersburg . . . Hundreds were killed and wounded.''' 
22 Jan 1905, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_%281905%29 Bloody Sunday]. 

The event on January 22, 1905, ''Bloody Sunday'', was a watershed in the Russian history. 
Russia's armies were losing to the Japanese in the Far East. Her workers at home were challenging the rule of Romanov's Autocracy. At the beginning of 1905, the worker of ''Putilov Works'' of St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia, went on stike for better living and working conditions. They were joined by many from other factories. Father Gapon, a priest, urged the striking workers to present directly to the Tsar on January 22, 1905 a petition to seek justice and protection. They would beg Nicholas II to come to their aid. The morning of January 22 was very cold (about five degrees below freezing) and some 200,000 workers and their wives and children came peacefully and orderly carrying icons, portraits of Nicholas, and no revolutionary placards not even red handkerchiefs. To stop the workers' march upon the Palace Square barracades were set across several avenues that connected to the city center. At each of these points, soldiers tried to turn back the marchers and, at several of them, officers ordered to fire into the crowds. The worst slaughter took place on the Winter Palace Square itself, between 150 and 200 men, women, and children lay shot dead and another 450 to 800 had been wounded while the Cossacks charged into the dispersing crowds with sabers drawn. 
Bloody Sunday, as that tragic day soon became known, marked the beginning of what the Tsar's mother called the "year of nightmares", and the beginning of what many others called the "year of revolution". (Based on W. Bruce Lincoln's ''Romanovs'' (1981)).

'''Grand Duke Sergei''' 
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov (1857-1905) was the uncle and brother-in-law of Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918, Reign: 1894-1917). In 1891 he was appointed as Moscow Governor General. In 1894 he also was a member of the State Council. He resigned from the Governorship on January 1, 1905 but continued as Commander of the Moscow military district. In the afternoon of February 17, 1905, in a carriage leaving the Kremlin Grand Duke Sergei was killed by a nitroglycerine bomb thrown by a Socialist Revolutionary terrorist directly into his lap. He was literally blown to bits and pieces. The assassination of Grand Duke Sergei signaled the beginning of a broader wave of popular unrest that had been sparked by the events of Bloody Sunday and swept the whole nation. Many more assassinations, strikes, disorders and uprisings followed during the year.
(Grand Duke Sergei's replacement, Shurvalov, was assassinated on July 11 of the same year.)

'''More strikes . . . peasant and military insurections . . . into the summer''' 
In January-February, turbulent reaction to Bloody Sunday spread across neighboring regions, especially the industrial centers which experienced spontaneous workers' strikes: Vilno, Kovno, Kiev, Moscow were paralyzed. In February-March the labor unrests reached Saratov Province and the Caucasus, and Siberia. Labor unrests were persistent throughout Russia into August. In early March university students left their classrooms, and at the end of the month the authorities closed down all the universities throughout the whole country for the rest of the academic year. (Student unrest even reached Orthodox seminaries.) 
In March, peasant unrests erupted widely, especially in Kursk, and Chernigov and Orel provinces and northwest regions of European Russia. In June, the Battleship ''Potemkin'' mutinied and in the Black Sea port city Odessa there was a large scale uprising by the sailors, soldiers, workers and ordinary citizens. On June 28 afternoon hundreds of protesters were killed on the Odessa Steps which was immortalized by the classic movie sequence in the 1925 Eisenstein's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Batlleship_Potemkin ''The Battleship Potemkin''] (considered by some one of the greatest films of all time). In summer widespread peasants' attacks on landowners' estates dramatically increased throughout Russia. The Peasant Union was organized at a secret August 13-14 Moscow conference.

'''Kronstadt''' 
Kronstadt was a naval fortress in the Gulf of Finland 18 miles west of St. Petersburg. Following the destruction of the Baltic Fleet by the Japanese in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) (Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318: The Russo-Japanese War]]) Kronstadt joined the general uprising which swept the whole Russian country. The first Kronstadt uprising on November 8-9, 1905, participated in by the majority of Kronstadt's 13,000 sailors and soldiers, was basically a large armed riot accompanied by liberal political demands. It lasted only two days. Kronstadt's second uprising took place in July 1906 but was brutally suppressed.

'''Sebastopol''' 
A port city of Russia (now, Sevastopol of Ukrain), located on the Black Sea coast of the Crimean peninsula west of Yalta. Sebastopol was associated with rebellion, mutiny and civil war. 
On June 27, 1905 the battleship ''Potemkin'' sailed from Sebastopol to Odessa and to mutiny against the ship's oppressive officers. The mutineers killed seven of the eighteen officers, including the Captain and the Second in Command. The ship eventually sailed to Romania and turned over to the authority there on July 7. (Sergei Eisenstein's ''The Battlehip Potemkin'' made her famous well beyond Russia.) 
On October 1, 1905, citizen of Sebastopol and sailors from the Black Fleet demonstrated in the city center demanding the authority to free political presoners, etc, but were met with gun fire. Wide spread unrest and naval mutinies followed. In November the cruiser ''Ochakov'' led a rebellion joined by several other warships. The rebellion was eventually suppressed by a stronger government force a couple of months later.

'''Black Hundreds''' 
Anti-Semitic vigilantes.

The name was a derogatory one, adapted from the term "White Hundreds", which was used in medieval Russia for the privileged caste of nobles and wealthy merchants. The lower-class types who joined the Black Hundreds were not in this class hence their ironic nomenclature. It was formed in response to the October Manifesto by those who had either lost or were afraid of losing their petty status in the social hierachy as a result of modernization and reform. They blamed the Jews as the ultimate cuase for Tsar's retreat. Fighting revolution in the streets was their way of revenging themselves, a means of putting the clock back and restoring the social and racial hierarchy. (Based on Orlando Figes' ''A People's Tragedy'' (1996))

'''Japanese won''' 
The Japanese destroyed the bulk of the Russian Baltic Fleet in the Battle of Tsushima Strait on May 27-28, 1905. In ''GR'', the soon-to-be-defeated fleet puts in at German Southwest Africa during the 1904 Herero Revolt; Tchicherine's father, a sailor in that fleet, may also be the father of Enzian, leader of the Schwarzcommando.

By January 1905 the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo_Japanese_War Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)] had been going on in Manchuria for nearly a year. In the summer of 1904, the Russia's Pacific Fleet was bottled up inside Port Arthur (now, Lüshun, Liaoning, China) and the port was under siege as from August. In October, the Tsar sent the entire Baltic Fleet to relief the siege. At the beginning of 1905, Port Arthur finally fell after a siege and bombardment lasted 156 days. In March 1905 Russia and Japan fought the greatest land battle in the history up to then at Mukden (Shenyang, Liaoning). Each side committed more than 300,000 troops and over 1,000 pieces of artillery. After nearly one month's fighting both lost more than 50,000 killed and wounded, but the Russians withrew 40 miles to the north. After streaming halfway around the world in a grueling voyage of many months without adequate logistic support, on May 27 the Russian fleet met the waiting Japanese (under Admiral Togo) in the Tsuhsima Straits that separated Japan and Korea. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tsushima Battle of Tsushima Straits (May 27-28)] was one of the most decisive naval battles in history. Even though the Russians had more ships and more heavy guns, but within a few hours, they lost 8 battleships, 3 cruisers, 5 minelayers and 4 other ships. Four more battleship surrendered next day, and the Russian commanding admiral (Admiral Rozhdestvenskii) was also captured. The Japanese lost only a total of 3 torpedo boats. (Based on W. Bruce Lincoln's ''Romanovs'' (1981)). 
After two months' negotiation, the Russo-Japanese War officially ended with the signing of the Peace Treaty of Porstmouth (New Hampshire) on September 5, 1905.

'''A general strike in the autumn . . .''' 
In late September a printer's trike in Moscow was in progress for over a fortnight. By October 18 it seemed that the strike was losing steam. But on October 20 railroad workers struck the Moscow-Kazan Railway and the strike spread outward along all the railroad lines: to St Petersburg in the west, to Voronesh and Kharkov in the south; and by October 23 it had reached Siberia. Twenty-six thougsand miles of track were immobilized as 750,000 railroad employees struck. At this time much of European Russia was in the grip of one of the greatest and most effective general strikes in the history of labor protest anywhere in the world. All of Russia's industry ground to a halt, everyone stopped work. Factory workers, servants, postal workers, telegraph operatiors, janitors, and hackney drivers all walked off their wjobs, as did bank clerks, shop clerks, and clerks in government office. Doctors, laywers, shcoolteachers, university professors, even the entire corps de ballet of the great Imperaial Mariinskii Theatre—all joined the strike. There were no newspapers, no streetlights, no tramcars . . . As all rail traffic stopped and telegraph line dead, Russia was isolated from the rest of the world. At the same time, the revolutionary groups organized a new body for coordinating the activities of the striking workers and for expressing their joint political and economic demands: the "St. Petersburg
''Soviet'' of Workers' Deputies". Many other Soviets were set up and developed later as alternate governing organizations. The name and organization ''Soviet'' (Russian word ''Sovet'' means council) took on a legendary meaning from then on and became historical. 
With the regime on the verge of collapse, in response, the Tsar, advised by the Prime Minister, issued the famouse ''October Manifesto'' on October 30, 1905, by which Nicholas granted to all Russian civil rights, agreed to summon a Duma (Parliament) elected by wide (though not universal) suffrage, and agreed that all laws must be approved by the Duma. In the meantime, on December 16, troops were sent to arrest some three hundred members of the St. Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies. The Revolution of 1905 in the Capital passed into history.

'''In December . . . another major uprising''' 
In Moscow, the Soviet of Workers' Deputeis proclaimed a general strike for December 20. When the authorities moved to arrest the stike leaders, an armed uprising broke out. Barricades went up in workers' quarter of the city, and revolutionaries from St. Petersburg, Odessa, and elsewhere joined in the struggle. Nicholas dispatched elite troops with artillery which reduced the rebels' area to ruins. By December 31, the rebellion in Moscow was over. The number of killed and wounded totaled over a thousand.

'''In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines''' 
The Russo-Japanese War was officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth on August 23, 1905. In late summer there were numerous minor mutinies by troop returning from Manchuria on the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Fighting between the left and the right erupted on October 20 around Tomsk. On November 12, mutinous soldiers and sailors destroyed much of Vladivostok on the Pacific coast, the end of the Trans-Siberian. There were unrests and prisings in Chita (November 29), Irkutsk (December 13), and Novorossiisk (December 22) as well.

'''Muslim rebellion''' 
The downfall of the Ottoman Empire by Turkey?

:No. In this whole paragraph Pynchon only factually describes the events in Russia and the Russian 1905 Revolution.

:Muslims in Central Asia (Kirghiz, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tadzhik, and others) had never been happy as pawns in the "Great Game" and now (1905) attempted to throw off Russian domination. Turkey, center of the Ottoman Empire, had its rebellion a few years later.

:The text said "'''''a''''' Muslim rebellion". Anyone knows this 1905 Muslim Rebellion in Russia?

'''the year that followed . . . Russians everywhere''' 
The well-known 1905 Revolution in Russian history was the beginning of the fall of the ''Old Regime''. The text "as the Revolution went collapsing" refered exactly to this one, not the February and October Revolutions in 1917. So "the year that followed" refered to 1906. In fact, Pynchon explicitly stated on page 602: "''By 1906'' there were Russians everywhere, . . ."

Soon after the collapse of the 1905 Revolution many Russians emmigrated abroad. They were 1) opponents to the Tsar regime feared of reprisal and backlash; 2) intelligentsia who were frightened by what just happened and afraid of a more violent upheaval in the future (Maxim Gorky, the writer, left Russia in the spring of 1906); 3) Jews, the victims of the large scale pogroms in 1905-06 (1964 Broadway musical ''Fiddler on the Roof'' told the story of how one Jewish family being forced to leave Russia in 1906); 4) youngsters who escaped the compulsory millitary service or looked for a quieter place for education. This was the second wave (1905-1917) of Russian emmigration. (1st wave: 1880-1905; 3rd: 1917-1939; 4th: 1945-1960; 5th: 1991-current).

'''as the Revolution went collapsing''' 
The first paragraph of this page is a factual description of the revolutionary events occured in Russia in 1905 which wwere later collectively called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revolution_of_1905 1905 Revolution]. It was the foreshock of that of 1917. It had all of Russia in its grip, and its outbreak had not been planned; it had simply grown spontaneously. It failed under the usual combination of repression and concessions. (see Richard Pipes' ''The Russian Revolution'' (1990)). In Soviet Marxist history 1905 Revolution is second only in importance to 1917 October Revolution, one of the most important revolutionary iconic events. (The 1917 Frebruary Revolution, the one actually overthrew the Tsar's Regime, was lightly mentioned because it was considered a ''bourgeois revolution''.) Numerous books, songs, poems, films . . . had been devoted to this Revolution. To the west the most memorable are the Eisenstein's silent film ''Battleship Potmekin'' (1925) and Shostakovich's ''Symphony No 11: The year 1905'' (1957).

'''Peter and Paul Fortress''' 
At St. Petersburg, established by Peter the Great. Political prisoners were confined there from the first half of the 1700s. Conditions were notoriously harsh.

'''kazatsky''' 
A Cossack dance, stereotypical Russian behavior.

'''raid....Waziristan''' 
Waziristan (Pashto: وزیرستان) is a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering some 11 585 km² (4,473 mi²). It comprises the area west and southwest of Peshawar between the Tochi River to the north and the Gomal River to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas. The North-West Frontier Province lies immediately to the east. The region was an independent tribal territory from 1893, remaining outside of British-ruled empire and Afghanistan. Tribal raiding into British-ruled territory was a constant problem for the British, eliciting frequent punitive expeditions between 1860 and 1945. Wikipedia

Currently, it is thought to be the last stronghold of Al Qaeda and Osama Bin Laden.

:Worth noting, perhaps, that Yashmeen came from Russia and had been ''transported'' to Waziristan for sale as a slave.

==Page 596==

'''as-ever transcendentally interesting hair''' 
(Perhaps a reference to Albert Einstein?)

Possibly, but given the numerous mentions of the Zeta function it is most likely a reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_numbers Transcendental Numbers]. These are irrational numbers that do not exist as the zero (or solution) to any algebraic function. A number of groundbreaking results regarding transcendentalism were made around the time the novel is set, and most if not all of the mathematicians and mathematical methods mentioned in the book revolve around transcendental numbers and functions.

Given that these numbers are often expressed as an infinite series, in which successive terms add ever-more-minuscule amounts to the value of the number, yet each digit is fascinatingly unique (since the decimal never repeats), it seems to me that Pynchon is suggesting that Yashmeen's hair has the quality of being endlessly fascinating, that even the observation of a single hair (or even a portion of a single hair) is involving and invigorating. This would mirror Kit's fascination and infatuation with Yashmeen, and the term would likely spring readily to the mind of a mathematician of the era.[[User:Dharper|Dharper]] 08:15, 16 January 2007 (PST)

'''. . . the Revolution''' 
Russian 1905 Revolution.

'''...it all finds its way back to the T.W.I.T. people....'''

"and what comes out of their shop can surprisingly often be trusted"

Suggestive of the CIA's Stargate Project in Remote Viewing

''''gen'''' 
British military slang for information. To gen-up is to learn quickly. OED gives earliest recorded use of the word as 1940.

'''a soul impaled . . . as if to bisect me''' 
Harks back to the fate of La Jarretière in ''V.''

'''Afghani dirhan''' 
An Afghani coin, more usually transliterated as "dirham". [http://ghaznavid.ancients.info/ This site] has pictures and more information.

'''Ghaznivid Empire''' 
Usually transliterated as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavid_Empire Ghaznavid Empire] (Wikipedia)

'''coffee scion''' 
Coffee motif. More likely: coffee heir.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
"quasseln" is a German verb, meaning roughly "to jabber"

'''less than universally respected Ludwig Boltzmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann Boltzmann] proposed an explanation of thermodynamics based on the statistical behaviour of atoms. Many influential colleagues at the time did not believe in the reality of atoms and thus worked to discredit Boltzmann.

==Page 597==

'''Gymnasium child''' 
A Gymnasium is a German secondary school

'''''Ach, die Zetamanie''''' 
German: Oh, the zeta-mania.

'''one measure of the chaos''' 
Cf. p. 188, where Neville and Nigel are referred to as "the N's," and to the proliferation of N name in T.W.I.T. in general.

'''crime...narrative puzzle''' 
Hinting at Webb's role in the novel?

One of Pynchon's central themes and best depicted in The Crying of Lot 49 which can be read as a satire on the order of crime novels and a comment on the central order of narrative structures. Certainly ATD can be read as a vast extension on this theme. The chaos/ order binary has already been a introduced a couple of lines above.

Humfried's comment reiterates something Pynchon says in his essay 'Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?', in virtually the same words.

'''Göttingen tradition'''...'''statue''' 
Like other university towns, Göttingen has developed its own folklore. On the day of their doctorate, postgraduate students are drawn in handcarts from the Great Hall to the Gänseliesel-Fountain in front of the Old Town Hall. There they have to climb the fountain and kiss the statue of the Gänseliesel (Goose girl). This practice is actually forbidden by law, but the law is not at all enforced. She is considered to be the most-kissed girl in the world. Wikipedia.

Addendum of interest for GR and ATD.
Nearly untouched by allied bombing in World War II (the informal understanding during the war was that Germany wouldn't bomb Cambridge and Oxford and the allies wouldn't bomb Heidelberg and Göttingen).

'''Rathaus square''' 
The square in front of City Hall.

==Page 598==

'''Axioms of Zermelo''' 
The basic axioms of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo-Frankel_set_theory#The_axioms Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory].

'''Poincaré''' 
Henri Poincaré (1854-1912), one of France's greatest mathermaticians and theorectical physicists. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9 Wikipedia])

'''Cauchy''' 
Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789-1857), a French mathematician. His name was connected with many other mathematicians mentioned in ATD: Cauchy-Riemann equation, Cauchy-Frobenious lemma, Cauchy-Euler equation, Cauchy-Kovalevskaia theorem. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin_Louis_Cauchy Wikipedia])

'''Whittaker and Watson''' 
A standard mathematics textbook of the time ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whittaker_and_Watson Wikipedia])

'''two point one''' 
(Cf Sondheim lyric, "A Little Night Music" [http://lynxfeather.net/nest/lyrics/nightmusic-nowlatersoon.html lyrics].)

:I think here just point-by-point listing was being used: 1); 2); 2.1).

==Page 599==

'''"What here is he ''doing?''" . . . "Obviously, we must now a duel fight."''' 
In keeping with his name (see p. 596 annotations), Günther speaks in a stage-German accent.

'''dueling-society cap''' 
Probably student corporation insignia.

'''inconvenience''' 
Obviously the name of the Chums' airship; whenever the word appears there seems to be a reference to the Chums; here: "...Here, not completely...slightly...somewhere else" as the airship always seems to be.

'''''Liebchen''''' 
German, "sweetheart"

'''''Egal was, meine Schatze''''' 
German, "No matter what, my darling" - though "meine Schatze" is an improper femininization, which ought to be "mein Schatz".

Meine Schatze literally means "my treasure" and is the term of endearment I used with my German girlfriend. She never mentioned it being "improper".

:"Meine Schatze" is definitely no German phrase, and it also sounds really strange to my (Austrian German) ears. "Meine Schätze" would be the plural, but that does not seem to make sense in this context. "Mein Schatz" instead would fit perfectly.

'''''Schläger''''' 
A specialized weapon for student duels. See Wikipedia's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_fencing Academic fencing] article.

'''Krummsäbel''' 
German, "scimitar".

'''Korbrapier''' 
A rapier with a basket ("Korb" in German) like protection hilt.

'''épée''' 
French for sword

A sharp-pointed duelling sword.

==Page 600==

'''Colt six-shooters''' 
I guess Kit's luggage beat him to Gottingen.

'''''Verbindung''''' 
German: connection, union. Here the student corps one belongs to.

'''upon the face of the other, ''to inscribe one's mark''''' 
In several of his movies, the actor Erich von Stroheim appeared with a nasty scar on the left side of his face. Dueling was a pastime of honor at some universities, and the sword scar was the mark of having sustained one's honor there. Special weapons, masks and inflaming treatments were employed to produce this lifelong disfigurement.

'''a Mexican tilde''' 
The wavy mark over the letter ñ in Spanish.

'''restoring moment, elastic constants''' 
Günther's scar is tilde-shaped because as his opponent's sword passed across his face it vibrated up and down once and returned to its starting position. The following would be a reasonable problem for a high-school physics student: If you know how fast the blade tip was traveling side to side and you're allowed to measure the scar, what was the frequency of the up-and-down motion? A second-year university physics student could work out the frequency of vibration given certain properties of the sword and swordsman. A ''restoring moment'' acts to swing the blade back to its mean position when it is deflected; the duelist's wrist exerts one restoring moment and the elasticity of the steel exerts a second one. The restoring moment depends in part on a number called ''elastic constant'' that relates force to linear deflection (think of the classic fisherman's scale, where more weight extends the spring farther).

'''wasn't going to converge . . . skipped a step . . . ''divided by zero''''' 
Kit insults Günther by pointing out blunders in the proof he gave to Yashmeen.

'''Geheimrat Hilbert''' 
German: confidential counsellor. A title of honor given to prominent civilian figures in Germany. For Hilbert Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page 324:Dr. Hilbert]].

==Page 601==

'''''Ehrenkodex''''' 
German, "code of honor"

'''Tyrolean hats''' 
[http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=tirolerhut&btnG=Search+Images Images]

'''''Schnurrbartbinde''''' 
A device to keep one's mustache safe from entanglement when sleeping, like [http://www.volkskrantblog.nl/pub/mm/2006/01/1137360569.70341.gif this].

'''Zeiss "Palmos Panoram"''' 
An early panoramic camera, mentioned in the 1911 Britannica's [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Photography Photography] article.

'''''"Auf die Mensur!"''''' 
German, "to the duel"

'''Andaman Islands''' 
[http://www.openencyclopedia.net/index.php/Andaman_Islands Here]'s a mention of tattooing practices in the Andaman Islands

'''Stephanie du Motel... group-theory godfather Évariste Galois''' 
Évariste Galois died in a duel at the age of 20. Though much confusion surrounds the affair, it is suspected that he provoked the duel after being rejected by one Stéphanie-Felice du Motel. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evariste_Galois#Final_days Wikipedia])

==Page 602==

'''By 1906 there were Russians everywhere, flown and fleeing westward''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 595|page 595:the year that followed . . . Russians everywhere]]. fleeing westward: most popular destination for Russian refugees was then France, later America.

'''young Ouspensky''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Uspensky Peter D. Ouspensky] (1878-1947), Russian mystic and philosopher, author of ''The Fourth Dimension'', appropriate to Pynchon's themes in ''ATD''.

An anachronism: Ouspensky's ''The Fourth Dimension'' wasn't published until 1909. (See Linda Dalrymple Henderson's ''The Fourth Dimension and Non-Euclidean Geometry in Modern Art''.)

'''Theosophoid''' 
A Pynchonism. From Theosophist Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page 219|page 219:Madame Blavatsky, Theosophical Society]]. the suffix "oid" often used in mathematics, indicates a "similarity, not necessarily exact, to something else". (android: similar to a man, ovoid: similar to an egg, etc.) As it is explained in the next sentence, "That's a Theosophist, only not entirely". Fitting, in a book that is obsessed with doppelgängers and people who are at once themselves, but not quite (see the transformations of Dr. V Ganesh Rao)

'''Chong''' 
A strange and seemingly unlikely visitor to Göttingen. The name might be taken from the Chinese philosopher Wang Chong, or Wang Ch'ung. Could also be Cheech Marin's partner, Tommy Chong (C.Marin alluded to earlier p.477). - This is Sidney Reilly, a famous spy of the time, in disguise. See the note on Sidney below.

'''"The what?"''' 
(Precipitous drop in authorial expectations?)

'''Chinese Bolshevik''' 
Chinese Communist. For the true meaning of Bolshevik Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 616|page 616:Bolshevists]]

'''Sidney . . . Kensington Sid''' 
Kensington is where elected officials worked. 

This is Sidney Reilly, the famous Ace of Spies. The reference is made clear by Swome on page 630, and, to the extent that any appearance here makes sense, a spy makes more sense than a political theorist. An annotation on page 630 includes a Wikipedia reference for Reilly. I don't know whether Reilly (or British spies of the day in general) had a particular association with Kensington, or whether the reference is to Chunxton Crescent, which is placed in roughly that part of London.

'''transtriadic''' 
Beyond the three.

==Page 603==

'''"Spiritual... At Göttingen?"''' 
Gottingen is materialistic. Preserved brains as like in a tannery.

'''Applied Mechanics Institute''' 
An institute of the University of Göttingen

'''Prandtl's recent discovery of the boundary layer''' 
Ludwig Prandtl ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Prandtl Wikipedia]) in 1904 developed the theory of the boundary layer ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary%20layer Wikipedia]) in aerodynamics, greatly simplifying aerodynamic calculations.

'''powered flight . . . at the edge of history''' 
In 1905 already a reality, but the pioneering empirical work was taking place in Ohio, not Germany.

'''brambled guttie''' 
A proto golf-ball, see [http://www.che.rochester.edu/users/dafoster/ChE243/SciAm%20GolfBall.pdf here].

'''Bürgerstrasse''' 
German, "Citizen's Street", a street in Göttingen.<bre>
This translation is correct but here "Bürger" refers to the German poet Gottfried August Bürger (1748 - 1794) who lived in Göttingen.

'''brambling''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brambling Brambling] (''Fringilla montifringilla'') is a finch related to chaffinches, and is plumed orange, black, and white. Widespread in northern Europe and Asia, it occasionally strays to Alaska and farther south.

'''Brauweg''' 
German, "Brewery Way", a street in Göttingen.

'''Zhukovsky's Transformation''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joukowsky_transform Joukowsky Transform] maps the unit circle in the complex plane to a shape very much like an airfoil.

'''Geheimrat Klein ''' 
Geheimrat = Privy councillor. 
In geometry, the Klein model, also called the projective model... is a model of n-dimensional hyperbolic geometry in which the points of the geometry are in an n-dimensional disk, or ball, and the lines of the geometry are line segments contained in the disk; that is, with endpoints on the boundary of the disk. 

'''glass of tea''' 
(Why not 'cup'?)
because in Europe, as opposed to in England, tea may be drunk from glassware.

'''draw pictures . . . flights of arrows . . . vectors without pictures''' 
Vectors can be visualized as arrows in a plane or three-dimensional space; more generally they can be represented as arrays of coefficients, and now they are not limited to three dimensions.

'''''"...according to Spiral Theory, up to infinity." "And beyond, " added Gunther, nodding earnestly.''''' 
Reference to Buzz Lightyear's stock character phrase in 1995's TOY STORY (Pixar/Disney):
"To Infinity... and Beyond!"
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:43, 19 December 2006 (PST)
: The text said nothing about Spiral Theory, I believe.

'''according to Spectral Theory, up to infinity''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page 324:Spectral Theory]] and [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page 324:''infinite'' dimensions]].

==Page 604==

'''nontrivial zeroes''' 
The Riemann zeta function has two classes of zeros, the trivial zeroes being at negative even integers (-2, -4...), the non-trivial complex numbers, believed (but not proven) to have Re(z)=1/2. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis Wikipedia]. or Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:Zeta function conjecture]].

'''much-noted talk''' 
At the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris, Hilbert proposed a research programme of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s_problems#Tabulated_information 23 problems]. The Riemann hypothesis is number 8 on the list.

'''Sorbonne''' 
Until 1971, the name ''Sorbonne'' refered to the historic University of Paris in Paris, France, one of the best universities in France. The name is derived from the ''Collège de Sorbonne'', founded in 1257 by Robert de Sorbon as one of the first significant colleges of the medieval University of Paris; the university itself as such predates the college by about a centure. In 1971, after the univeristy reforms, the five faculties of the former University of Paris were split and then reformed into thirteen interdisciplinary universities. Three of them as true "heirs" to the original, have kept the Sorbonne name as part of their official title: Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), the New Sorbonne, and the Panthéon-Sorbonne. [http://www.paris4.sorbonne.fr/en/sommaire.php3 The University of Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV)] was the inheritor of the former University of Paris' Arts and Sciences Faculties.

'''the outstanding problems in mathematics''' 
Hilbert's Problems are 23 (originally) unsolved problems in mathematics proposed by Hilbert. Of the 23 total appearing in the printed address, 10 were actually presented at the Second International Congress of Mathematics at the Sorbonne, Paris on August 8, 1900. [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HilbertsProblems.html Hilbert's Problems] were designed to serve as examples for the kinds of problems whose solutions would lead to the furthering of disciplines in mathermatics. As such, some were areas for investigation and therefore not strictly "problems".

'''eigenvalues''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalue Wikipedia] Dudley Eigenvalue, D.D.S., was a character in ''V.''

'''Hermitian operator''' 
A Hermitian operator generalises some of the ideas of symmetry when complex numbers are involved. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitian_operator Wikipedia]

'''spine of reality . . . ''"Rückgrat von Wirklichkeit"''''' 
Probably a reference to the main diagonal of a Hermitian matrix, which can contain only real numbers. The German phrase is one accurate way to translate the English.

:are there any others? Translate the German back to English and you get "backbone of reality"

'''Hilbert-Polya Conjecture''' 
The conjecture that the zeroes of the Riemann function would be the eigenvalues of a Hermitian operator, just what Yashmeen is suggesting.

==Page 605==

'''Vance Aychrome''' 
The voracious detective is a stock figure in the mystery genre (Nero Wolfe, Mycroft Holmes, Inspector Dover, D.C.I. Dalziel and others). 
Is his name pronounced Eye Chrome, as in private eye? Weak possible connection?-- a truck light called Big Eye Chrome. The name sounds like 'fancy chrome.'

'''Full English Breakfast''' 
Bacon, eggs, tomato, toast... otherwise known as a fry-up.

'''Pythagorean dietary''' 
The Greek philosopher Pythagoras, who lived towards the end of the 6th century BC, was a prominent proponent of vegetarianism. The Pythagorean diet came to mean an avoidance of the flesh of slaughtered animals. Pythagorean ethics first became a philosophical morality between 490-430 BC with a desire to create a universal and absolute law including injunctions not to kill "living creatures," to abstain from "harsh-sounding bloodshed," in particular animal sacrifice, and "never to eat meat." (From a review of ''The Heretics Feast: a History of Vegetarianism'' by Colin Spencer, University Press of New England, 1995)

'''kippers and bloaters''' 
Different words (both Scottish) for smoked herrings

'''baps''' 
soft bread rolls - another Scottish word

'''Spong machine''' 
Appropriate technology. An English-made hand-cranked coffee grinder that doesn't light up, lacks a readout to tell when the beans are ready, and signally fails to function before the user wakes up. Only drawback is that some spouses compare its sound to half a load of cobbles being dumped on the roof.

'''thinned''' 
From full 78. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot Wikipedia]

'''vegetarian haggis''' 
It exists: [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22vegetarian+haggis Google search]

==Page 606==

'''Lamont Replevin''' 
"Replevin" is a legal term for a form of civil action to recover possession of property being wrongfully held by another.

'''Elflock Villa''' 
Elflock: A lock of hair tangled as if by elves. Often used in the plural.

'''Stuffed Edge, Herts''' 
An imaginary village in the South-East English county of Hertfordshire. Stuffed hedge?

'''kedgeree''' 
A hot breakfast dish of fish, rice, and eggs.

'''Cesare Lombroso''' 
Anthropologist who devised a method of identifying criminal "types" from their facial structures. (Cf [[ATD_171-198#Page 172|page 172: Dr. Lombroso]]).

'''Trans-Oxanian''' 
From the other side of the Oxus River (now Amu-Darya) in Central Asia. Cf. [[ATD_429-459#Page 439|page 439:the Oxus]].

'''Graeco-Buddhist''' 
The hybrid cultural background evidenced in Shambhala. Greco-Buddhism, sometimes spelled Graeco-Buddhism, is the cultural syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 800 years in Central Asia in the area corresponding to modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan, between the 4th century BCE and the 5th century CE. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Buddhism Wikipedia] and Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page 438|page 438:Graeco-Buddhist]].

'''bad hats''' 
A bad hat is a slang term for a rascal

==Page 607==

'''Gas Office''' 
As explained in the text, the Scotland Yard bureau that kept gas communications under surveillance.

'''communication by means of coal-gas''' 
Cf Nabokov's "Ada". Also inverse of Tesla's energy-transmitter. A parallel to the Tristero, too. The description of communication by gas seems like a self-parody of ''The Crying of Lot 49.''

'''bombs... Suffragettes''' 
(Did they bomb post offices?!?)post boxes:Suffragettes carried out direct action such as chaining themselves to railings, setting fire to the contents of mailboxes, smashing windows and on occasions setting off bombs. Wikipedia

'''Persian''' 
Majority language in Iran, now called Farsi.

'''Pashto''' 
A language spoken in Afghanistan and nearby.

'''Tadjik''' 
A language spoken in Tadjikistan. "Mountain Tadjik" presumably dominates in the 60% or so of the country that is in high mountains.

'''Seven Dials''' 
In Covent Garden, London - a place where 7 roads meet. An unsavory assignment for a policeman.

==Page 608==

'''"Avoid beans"''' 
Pythagoreans follow a proscription against eating beans.

'''spotted dick''' 
A suet pudding with raisins or currants

'''Yarmouth bloater''' 
A cured herring from the port town of Yarmouth.

'''queering the pitch''' 
[http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/297387.html Disrupting someone's business;] compare [[ATD_748-767#Page_758|"yakitori pitches," p. 758.]]

''''shape'''' 
a doughnut,which comes in various shapes? Including the math-relevant
shape: a torus. But probably just a bit of bun, scone, etc. listed as Vance's breakfast...no doughnut listed.

'Shape' is another word for blancmange, which is made of gelatin, derived probably from the bones of some animal. Aychrome wonders "what's it made of", to which Lew responds "Maybe you don't want to know." [[User:Nehoccramcire|Nehoccramcire]] 09:14, 12 March 2007 (PDT)

'''the Embankment''' 
Victoria Embankment, London, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_yard Scotland Yard] was located there from 1890 to 1967. Scotland Yard was founded on September 29, 1829, on a street off Whitehall; and in 1967 it moved to the present location at 10 Broadway Street, London.

'''blue lamps''' 
Traditionally hung outside police stations in England.

'''lamé surfaces''' 
Lamé (fabric), a fabric inwoven metallic threads 
Lamé, name of the electrically conductive jacket worn by foil and sabre fencers 
Lamé (armor), an unarticulated component of a larger piece of armor 

'''yarmulke... high crown... dented Trilby style''' 
[http://www.wpclipart.com/clothes/hats/index.html Image of a Trilby hat.]

==Page 609==

'''Bukhara''' 
Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 425|page 425:Bukhara]]

'''''Kelly's Suburban Dictionary''''' 
The peerless [http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/10/22/design360.icon.az/index.html ''London A to Z''] did not come along until the 1930s.

'''wenlets''' 
Politician and journalist William Cobbett (1763-1835) called London "the great wen." It was not a compliment, because ''wen'' means a sebaceous cyst. Wenlets are small versions of the "great" wen.

==Page 610==

'''daylight oil''' 
from the streetlamps, lit up for hours?

'''a moon no one could see''' 
Note that the ''Inconvenience'' is repeatedly referred to as a "moon" ([[ATD_119-148#Page_144|p. 144,]] [[ATD_171-198#Page_187|p. 187]]) and is sometimes seen under other guises ([[ATD_199-218#Page_215|p. 215,]] [[ATD_243-272#Page_272|p. 272]]).

'''refused to dim''' 
(Nicely vivid.)

'''Vontz's Universal Pick''' 
Vontz (Yiddish): bedbug.

'''alchemized coke''' 
Gas works that manufacture syngas also produce coke as an end product, called gas house coke.

Fluid coking is a process by which heavy residual crude is converted into lighter products such as naptha, kerosene, heating oil, and hydrocarbon gases. The "fluid" term refers to the fact that coke particles are in a continuous system versus older batch coking technology. Wikipedia

'''Lincrusta-Walton''' 
an embossed fabric used for covering walls, invented in 1877 by Frederick Walton as an alternative to more expensive wallpapers (wikipedia).

'''hipshot''' 
having one hip lower than the other: a Greek statue in hipshot pose.M-W.

'''captive maiden''' 
In ''The Crying of Lot 49'', Oedipa Maas is referred to as a "captive maiden" in the scene where she's standing in front of the Remedios Varo painting. It would certainly be worth while to examine the parallels more closely.

'''scalene polygons''' 
Polygons with sides of unequal length.

'''jet''' 
jet black, a color.

'''Apotheosis Sparkless Torch''' 

==Page 611==

'''magnalium''' 
An alloy of magnesium and aluminum.

'''Lamont Replevin (for it was he)''' 
Formula from penny-dreadful literature: Open the chapter with an unknown character (referred to ahead of time but never yet making an appearance), describe looks and some little action, then spring the name on the reader.

'''''The Slow and the Stupefied''''' 
Daytime soap 'The Young and the Restless'.

'''gas-head''' 
Cf pothead, acidhead, etc.

'''Pike's Peak''' 
Lew's old stompinground.

'''Gus Swallowfield''' 
A curious pseudonym assumed by Lew Basnight while in the presence of Lamont Replevin. As Mr. Swallowfield, Lew professes to be an insurance salesman. The name is very overtly British and is possibly referential to the Swallowfield estate in Berkshire, which itself has a curious history.

'''most theft policies''' 
(Fact?)

'''pantechnicon''' 
A closed van or carryall. (Is TRP trying to put a burr under S. Weisenburger's saddle by bringing this vehicle back? SW's gloss in the ''GR Companion,'' at page 19 of the Viking edition, is famously wrong.) 

Pantechnicon can mean either a furniture warehouse (originally a bazaar) or a removal van. The reference in GR to "the piano in the pantechnicon" is therefore ambiguous. TRP might say that he meant a van, not a bazaar, but that would not mean that SW was wrong. Just that SW and TRP had different readings of the novel. And the author's reading does not necessarily have primacy.

This assertion is generally debateable and in the case of TRP his conscious intentions in his fully thought out novels carries a lot of primacy most of the time, most might argue. This wiki attests to that.

:Lots of people would say the wiki is wrong then. You can discover sources and you may be able to parse processes (rewrites, selection of information), but the author's intentions are not accessible; only the work is. Therefore (and so on and so forth). A philosophical question and probably not wiki-able.

'''legitimate bill of sale''' 
That is, a stolen object with a stolen bill of sale cannot be proved to be stolen; the thief has the receipt.

'''burglary insurance''' 
Although TRP writes that most theft policies were written in the US by the time Lew speaks to Replevin, the first burglary policy was in fact offered by Cuthbert Heath, an Underwriter at Lloyd's, London in about 1889, which would seem to be a few years earlier than the scene. Antony Brown, ''Cuthbert Heath'' ( David & Charles, New Abbot London 1984)at pages 72-76. [[User:TheKenoshaKid|TheKenoshaKid]] 15:52, 9 March 2008 (PDT)

==Page 612==

'''''Pavonazzetto''''' 
brecciated white marble with violet veins from Docimia, Asia Minor.

'''Phrygian marble''' 
Phrygia is an ancient region of west central Asia Minor, to the south of Bithynia. Marble from there was highly valued.

'''Atys... Agdistis''' 
From Greek and Roman mythology. Atys (or Attis) is a young lover of the goddess Cybele (also known as Agdistis in Phrygia). When he wished to marry, Cybele drove him mad and he castrated himself. Catullus wrote a poem on the subject.

'''''The Mutilation of Atys''''' 
No images: [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&lr=&q=%22Mutilation%20of%20Atys&btnG=Search&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wi Google image search]

But under the name Attis, this two-panel sequence: [http://www.aztriad.com/aacarati.html page 1,] [http://www.aztriad.com/aacatals.html page 2,] from "Seladore's Historical Cartoons." And [http://paxnortona.notfrisco2.com/?p=2332 a photo] of what appears to be an old statue of Attis.

'''Arturo Naunt, Chelsea's own, shocking the bourgeoisie since 1889''' 
Phrasing reminiscent of advertising.

'''shocking the bourgeoisie''' 
A popular pastime for young and not-so-young soi-disant radicals ("Epater le bourgeois").

'''koumiss vessel''' 
A container for fermented horse's milk. Perhaps like this one:
[http://studentorgs.utexas.edu/husa/origins/szkitahist/scythianvessel.html]

'''depending on the angle you hold it at, sometimes it doesn't look like anything at all''' 
A concise description of anamorphic and paramorphic images; this one needs the Paramorphoscope to interpret it.

'''wrathful deities from Tantric Buddhism''' 
Tantric Buddhism is also known as Varjayana Buddhism. In Varjayana Buddhism, a dharmapāla (Tibetan drag-gshed) is a type of wrathful deity. The name means "Dharma-defender" in Sanskrit, and the dharmapalas are also known as the Defenders of the Law (Dharma) or the Protectors of the Law in English.
In Buddhist iconography, they are invariably depicted as fearsome beings, often with many heads, hands or feet; blue, black or red skin; and a fierce expression with protruding fangs. Though dharmapalas have a terrifying appearance, they are all bodhisattvas or buddhas- embodiments of compassion that act in a wrathful way for the sake of sentient beings.Wikipedia

==Page 613==

'''tiny German hand camera''' 
Probably a Zeiss Ikon. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeiss Wikipedia Entry]

'''raw light''' 
light from a gaslight is not 'artificial' as from electric lights, streetlamps, etc. Cf. Telleruide section.

'''Gasophilia''' 
Love of gas.

'''Schwärmer''' 
The name is a German word meaning visionary, zealot, raver.

'''Waves in a timeless stream of Gas''' 
Replevin equates piped gas to the æther.

'''Sensitive Flame''' 
A burner flame adjusted so that it responds to the tiniest disturbance in the
air. Used by both physicists and spiritualists.

'''cognizant nose...medium for the most exquisite poetry'''

see Proust

'''Chidambaram''' 
A city in south India and Chidambaram is one of the Panchabhoota Sthalams - temples built for the 5 elements said to embody Shiva - at Chidambaram (space), Kalahasti (wind), Thiruvanaikaval (water), Tiruvannamalai (fire) and Kanchipuram (earth).

'''''Akaša''''' 
Akasa is the fifth element,the ether, unseen and invisible but an important element permeating the whole universe. It is also considered
to be indentical with Brahma, the creator..... 
Akasa is 'simple,continuous infinite substance and is the substratum of sound.' Both from Indian Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1999.

Occultist Eliphas Levi associated akasa with what he called the "Astral Light". He writes: "[T]his electromagnetic ether, this vital and luminous caloric (Perhaps this explains Pynchon's insistence on the term "luminiferous aether"?), is represented on ancient monuments by the girdle of Isis which twines round two poles and in ancient theogonies by the serpent devouring its own tail, emblem of prudence and of Saturn" -- emblem of infinity, immortality, and Kronos -- 'Time'". He says it is "a force in Nature," by means of which "a single man who can master it... might throw the world into confusion and transform its face"; for it is the "great Arcanum of transcendent Magic." It is a "blind force... which souls must conquer in order to detach themselves from the chains of Earth; 'for if they should not,' they will be absorbed by the same power which first produced them and will return to the central and eternal fire."

It gets better... He writes: "It is through this Force that all the nervous centres secretly communicate with each other; from it -- that sympathy and antipathy are born; from it -- that we have our dreams; and that the phenomena of second sight and extra-natural visions take place... Astral Light, acting under the impulsion of powerful wills, destroys, coagulates, separates, breaks, gathers in all things... God created it on that day when he said: Fiat Lux..." He refers to akasa/Astral Light variably as "the body of the Holy Ghost", the "grand Agent Magique", "Lucifer" and "Baphomet", the winged-goat figure that served as the inspiration for the Devil Tarot card designed by Colman-Smith. [http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sd/sd1-1-12.htm From Madame Blavatsky's "The Secret Doctrine"][http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sd/sd2-2-06.htm Más]

[http://laluni.helloyou.ws/askbaba/prasnottaravahini/prasnottara01.html This page] also equates akasa with the ether and sez that "each subsequent element originated from the previous one" with akasa being the first, similar to the Kaballic Tree of Life.

'''Atman''' 
''Sanskrit''. In Hinduisim, the innermost essence of each individual. Also, the soul. ''Cf.'' Weed Atman in ''Vineland''.

''''''Chaos'''''' 
allusion is seems to Genesis. "Chaos" is in fact the Greek word [for without form and void], says this site.
"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth
And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
And God said, Let there be light; and there was light.
And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness."
-- Genesis 1: 1-4 (KJV)

'''van Helmont''' 
He claimed to have coined the word "gas" in just the way described here.

'In his "Physica" (1633), the Rosicrucian alchemist Jan Baptist van Helmont, wrote: "Ad huc spiritum incognitum Gas voco," i.e., "This hitherto unknown Spirit I call Gas." Further on in the same work he says, "This vapor which I have called Gas is not far removed from the Chaos the ancients spoke of."' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astral_light#Esoteric_conceptions wiki]

'''stridently unpopulated''' 
Cf p610.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 525-556

2008-10-01T17:39:40Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 540 */ add song reference

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 525==

'''Ostend''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 521|page 521: Ostend]], a seaport in northwest Belgium. Among English-speaking tourists, Ostend (or Ostende) is best known as a ferry port.

'''Fishermen's Quai''' 
Fishermen's Quay, also called ''De Trap''. The shrimp boats come home here from the sea in the morning. Along the quay many stands sell lots of seafoods.

'''Boulevard van Isenghem''' 
A major thoroughfare in Ostend, locally called ''Van Iseghemlaan'', extending diagonally from seafront southwest through the city.

'''street-plausible''' 
Presentable.

'''Quai de l'empereur''' 
Since Ostende is in the Flemish part of Belgium this should be the Keizerskaai, a street along the old part of the harbour, 1919 renamed Vindictivelaan.

'''estaminet''' 
According to the OED - A café in which smoking is allowed. Now, any small establishment selling alcoholic liquor.

'''twelve-centime''' 
one centime is the French equivalent of one cent. A twelve-centime beer would cost 12/100 of a franc.

Although the definition above still stands, remember these are Belgian francs, a different currency than French francs.

'''Quaternions''' 
Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 130|page 130:Quaternions]]. Quaternions are a non-communtative extension of complex numbers (Hamilton, 1843). 

Analogy with the complex numbers (Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 132|page 132:complex number]]) being represented as a sum of real and imaginary parts, a + b''i'', where ''i''² = −1, a quaternion is defined as a combination a + b''i'' + c''j'' + d''k'', where ''i''² = ''j''² = ''k''² = ''i j k'' = −1, and a, b, c, d are ''four'' explicit real numbers. The non-commutative property refers to ''i j = −j i = k; j k = −k j = i; k i = −i k = j''. (i.e. ''i j ≠ j i; j k ≠ k j; k i ≠ i k''; etc.) The using of ''i, j, k'', the imaginary numbers (Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 133|page 133:imaginary number]]), led to the phrases of "the ''ijk'' lot" of page 533 and "creature of ''i-j-k''" of page 534.

'''Kellner''' 
German: waiter, barman. Use of the German word would be insulting to the Belgian barman.

'''''demi''''' 
A half-pint glass (25 centiliters, actually).

'''Lambic''' 
Pron. ''lahm-BEEK.'' Unique Belgian beer style, sour and often thin in body.

'''skimmer''' 
Straw hat ("Panama").

==Page 526==

'''biquaternion''' 
Or "octonion," an innovation of English mathematician W.K. Clifford, [[ATD_243-272#Page_249|referred to on p. 249.]]

'''Barry Nebulay''' 
Pun on a term from heraldry, ''barry nebuly.'' The term barry (rhymes with "starry," not "carry") refers to a shield divided into an even number of parts by horizontal lines. Nebuly, possibly also spelled ''nebulée,'' signals that the lines are deformed into stylized "cloud" shapes. (Actually the dividing line looks more like interlocking parts of a jigsaw puzzle.) [http://www.rarebooks.nd.edu/digital/heraldry/partitions.html Here you can see an example.]

A play on the astronomical term ''nebulae'' is just conceivable, but then why "Barry"?

'''University of Dublin''' 
The Alma Mater of Hamilton, the father of Quaternion. He studied, graduated and taught at Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Ireland's oldest university.

If University College, Dublin, then Joyce had graduated in 1902. 

'''Quaternioneers''' 
Quaternion believers.

'''Gibbsian Vectors''' 
Vector Analysis (or Vector Calculus) developed by Willard Gibbs (Cf [[ATD_26-56#Page 29|page 29:Professor Gibbs]]) in 1881 and 1884. It is a branch of calculus that deals with vectors and process involving vectors. It is much more easily applied to phsics and other applied sciences than Hamilton's Quaternions (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Quaternions]]). 
A vector is defined by not only a magnitude but also a direction, such as a velocity vector, ''v'' is defined by ''v'' = a''i'' + b''j'' + c''k'',
where a, b, and c are the magnitudes of the velocity components in directions of ''i, j'' and ''k'' which are unit vectors, (not imaginary numbers as in Quaternion), with magnitude of 1. In three dimensional cases and ''xyz'' coordinate system is used then ''i, j, k'' are related to ''x, y, z'' directions ("''xyz'' people" of page 533); but they, in general, may be used irrespective of the notation of the coordinates.
Mathematical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication), differentiation (''curl'' — Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326:Curl]] and p. 536, ''Laplacian'' — Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326:Laplacian]] and p. 536, etc) and integration can be applied to vectors. It is interesting to know that one of the two multiplication operations is called cross product; for unit vectors (''i, j, k'') perpendicular to each other, then, ''i × i = j × j = k × k = 0'', ''i × j = k'', ''j × i = -k'', etc. ([http://web.mit.edu/wwmath/vectorc/summary.html Vector Calculus]). 
A simple vector anyalysis example here: if ''k'', the unit vector, stands for the direction upward and g is the gravitational acceleration, then the acceleration vector, ''a'', for a projectile, is defined for downward action, (the ''i'' and ''j'' directions have zero components): 
:''a'' = -g ''k'' 
Integrating ''a'' would give the velocity vector, ''v'' 
:''v'' = -g t ''k'' 
for zero initial velocity case, and t standing for time. 
And integrating ''v'' would yield the position vector, ''h'', for the projectile 
:''h'' = -½ g t² ''k'' 
toward the sea level.

'''Quaternionists''' 
Quaternion believers, same as Quaternioneers.

'''Tasmania''' 
Tasmania is an island of the southern coast of Australia. Known for its relative isolation, it was a prison for English convicts in the 1800s

'''Having been inseparable from the rise of the electromagnetic''' 
In his 1865 work ''The Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field'', James Clerk Maxwell unified electricity and magnetism. He put forth twenty equations, with twenty unknowns, in vector form (though different in notation and form than the equations that now bear his name) that completely described all known electromagnetic phenomena. In his 1873 treatise on the subject, he expressed the equations in the mathematics of quaternions. It appears that the quaternion form of the equations remained popular even though, at the behest of his publisher, Maxwell reverted to the 1865 form in the second edition (1881)--though they remain scattered throughout. In 1892 Oliver Heaviside (On the Forces, Stresses, and Fluxes of Energy in the Electromagnetic Field. ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.'' A, Vol. 183. pp423-480), while spewing scientific vitriol at the Quaternionists, reformulated Maxwell's original 1865 equations (Heaviside chose to remove the vector potential and scalar fields from the equations; the inclusion of these terms had served as Maxwell's justification for the use of quaternions), and provided the notation still in use today. See this [http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=Downloads&d_op=getit&lid=60 PDF] for the evolution of Maxwell's equations.

'''Hamiltonian devotees''' 
The Quaternion faction, after William Hamilton, who devised the scheme.

'''Grand Hôtel de la Nouvelle Digue''' 
There is a Hotel Digue in the Seychelles; this is a New Hotel Digue by Pynchon?

Grand Hotel of New Dyke, may be a made up hotel name.

'''anterooms of death''' 
This metaphor is sometimes applied to concentration camps. Here the lyric "feel like I'm fixin' to die" seems more apposite.

'''Belgian Art Nouveau''' 
Art Nouveau, 1890(or 80) to 1914, explores a new style in the visual arts and architecture that developed in Europe and North America at the end of the 19th century. At its height (~1907), Art Nouveau was a concerted attempt to create an international style based on decoration. It was developed by a brilliant and energetic generation of artists and desisgners, who sought to fashion an art form appropriate to the post-Industrial Revolution modern age. 
Brussels was one of the Art Nouveau centers and represented different style from the others. The jewelers there, accepted as artists rahter than craftsmen, (together with those in Paris) defined Art Nouveau in jewelery and achieved the most renown. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Nouveau Art Nouveau]).

==Page 527==

'''dossing''' 
British slang for "sleeping", "staying overnight"

'''Russian nihilists''' 
:The following four are local, Belgian, not Russian, nihilists !
:: It only says Russian in the first edition.

'''Eugénie''' 
Female. Possibly named for Empress Eugénie (1826-1920), consort of French Emperor Napoleon III. Ultimately for St. Eugenia, 3rd-century Roman martyr whose feast is celebrated on December 25.

'''Fatou''' 
Female. A pseudonym? In view of the date of the action, certainly not named after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatou the mathematician Fatou] (1878-1929).

Although there is no reference to ethnicity in the text, Fatou is an African name, very common in Senegal. It would be highly uncommon to find a white Belgian bearing that name in the early 20th century. And it would make sense if a revolutionary group named Young Congo had at least one or two African members!

'''Denis''' 
Male. Named for St. Denis or Dionysius, patron saint of Paris and of France, 3rd-century bishop of Paris, martyr, beheaded on the hill now called Montmartre. "Montjoie St. Denis!" was a warcry used by French troops in the Middle Ages. His intercession is effective against demonic possession and headache.

'''Policarpe''' 
Male. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarp Saint Polycarp] was a Christian bishop of Smyrna (now İzmir in Turkey) in the second century. He was stabbed and died a martyr after an attempt to burn him at the stake failed. His intercession is sought against earache and dysentery.

again, possibly African. It was very common for white missionaries in Africa to give their newly converted flock the names of famous Saints.

'''Young Congo''' 
Probably in reference to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Turks Young Turks], a Turkish revolutionary movement

'''Garde Civique''' 
A part of the Belgian army. According to the [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Belgium 1911 Britannica], "the mass of the garde civique does not pretend to possess military value. It is a defence against sedition and socialism."

'''French Second Bureau boys''' 
Deuxieme Bureau; French Intelligence.

'''''phalange''''' 
French: phalanx. A military (here mock-military) group ready for combat. 

It also conjures up memories of the early 19th century utopian socialist
Charles Fourier, who theorized that people should live communally in "phalanxes" of a specific number based upon their "passions." His solid ideas included equality of the sexes, but he also taught wacky things such as the moon being made of lemonade. Of particular relevance is his rejection of industrial civilization. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utopian_socialism]

'''"...until something had happened, something too terrible to remember..."''' 
Again this theme of an unknowable past transgression, here invoked almost as if the unknown signifies the other 'lateral' (a word which has cropped up at least a dozen times already) 'vector'.

'''the Digue''' 
French for "dyke"

'''Congo... Belgians''' 
The Belgian colonisation of the Congo was, as Conrad's ''Heart of Darkness'' makes clear, notable for its greed and brutality.

'''Leopold, King of the Belgians''' 
1835-1909, reigned 1865-1909. A man of almost Nixonian fiendishness. In the Congo he acted as sole proprietor and absolute ruler. The positive outcomes of his exploitation include ''Heart of Darkness'' and the phrase "crime against humanity."

'''co-conscious''' 
mental processes outside the main stream of consciousness but sometimes available to it — from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary.

'''Force Publique''' 
Belgian armed forces operating in the Belgian Congo ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_Publique Wikipedia]). "King Leopold's private army" may be a more accurate description.

'''rubber worker''' 
See above: One of the early missions of the FP was to increase rubber export quotas through forced labor and related atrocities.

==Page 528==

'''''khâgne''''' 
an informal term used by French students for Classes Préparatoires Littéraires, the two-year cycle of classes taken after the Baccalaureat (taken at age 17-18), to prepare for the entrance examination to the Ecole Normale Supeieure. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A2gne khâgne]).

'''Reclus''' 
J. J. Élisée Reclus (1830-1905), French geographer but mainly educated in Germany. Several times he was forced to leave France because of his political views; he traveled widely in Europe, the British Isles, the United States, and South America and for many years lived in Switzerland. He was professor of comparative geography at the University of Brussels from 1895 to 1905. He had quite an extensive connection with various socialist and anarchist circles (met Bakunin while in Florence).Once he was imprisoned in Versailles in 1871 for his part in the ''Paris Commune''. In 1882 he initiated the ''Anti-marriage movement'' while in Geneva. [[http://academic.reed.edu/formosa/texts/reclusbio.html Reclus]).

'''Stirnerite''' 
Follower of Max Stirner, 19th century German philosopher and author of ''The Ego and Its Own,'' a work influential in anarchist thought. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Stirner Wikipedia entry]. [[Max Stirner|Discussion...]]

'''''Anarcho-individualiste''''' 
i.e. he has doctrinal differernces with Stirnerism, strictly speaking; see P. 324, and "Eigenheit".

'''Leopold''' 
See [[#Page 527|p. 527]].

'''going down lately''' 
Being assassinated.

'''Sipido''' 
Jean-Baptiste Sipido (1884-1959), a Belgian socialist. Accusing the Prince of Wales of causing thousands of inocents were killed in the Boer War in South Africa, on April 5, 1900, Sipido leaped onto the foot board of the royal compartment right before the train left the North Railway Station (Gare du Nord), Brussel, and fired two (or one? as reported in ''The Manchester Guardian'', or four? as stated in the text here) shots through the window but missed everyone inside. He was arrested, tried and acquitted. The leader of the House of Commons called the acquittal a "grave and most unfortunate miscarriage of justice." ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Sipido Sipido]).

'''Prince... of Wales''' 
(Maud Gonne's husband claimed to have been involved in another such plot.)

'''Hippodrome''' 
Hippodrome Wellington, a horse racing track in Ostend built in 1883. The facility hosts both harness and flat racing events. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippodrome_Wellington Hippodrome]).

'''Royal Bathing Hut... twenty francs''' 
A bathing machine ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathing_machine bathing machine])? The King of Belgium certainly would not want to be seen in a swimsuit on a public beach... It seems unlikely, though, that such a royal bathing machine would be for hire.

'''twenty francs''' 
???

==Page 529==

'''picric family''' 
The explosive picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and its derivatives. For picric acid, Brugère's powder and Designolle's powder, [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/PER_PIG/PICRIC_ACID_or_TRINITROPHENOL_C.html see this Britannica article.]

'''Brugère's powder''' 
See "picric family" above.

'''Designolle's''' 
See "picric family" above.

'''Monsieur Santos-Dumont''' 
Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873-1932), a pioneer of aviation from Brasil. Check out [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Santos-Dumont Wikipedia] to get a look at the way he was wearing his "trademark Panama hat".

'''Green Hour''' and '''''l'heure vertigineuse''''' 
Absinthe-drinking time. The liqueur is green. In French, ''l'heure verte,'' so ''vertigineuse'' (vertiginous, causing dizziness) is a pun on the word for "green."

'''Rocco and Pino''' 
Rabid Quaternionists and sudden friends of Kit Traverse.
:No, they were not mathematicians at all, let alone Quaternionists, but two "Italian naval renegades" !!
::"Rocco and Pino" are, in temperament, something like the "Mason and Dixon" of manned-torpedoes... cf. the "torpedo" (i.e., "Electrick-Eel") of ''Mason & Dixon''.

'''Whitehead works in Fiume''' 
Anticipating GR's V2 works.

''Robert Whitehead'' (1823-1905), an English engineer. He developed the first self-propelled torpedo in 1866. He attended Manchester's Mechanics Institute, worked in a shipyard in Toulon (1844), France, and as a consultant engineer in Milan (1847), Italy. Later he moved to Trieste and in 1856 became a manager of a company called ''Founderia Mettali'' (later, ''Stabilimento Tecnico di Fiume'') in Fiume producing ship steam boilers and engines which were the most advanced of that era. He also developed the first self-propelled torpedo which was very popular. Whitehead's torpedo was propelled by a compressed air engine, carried 18lbs dynamites and a self-regulating device which kept the torpedo cruising at a constant preset depth. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Whitehead]].

''Fiume'' is now Rijeka, Croatia. Trieste is on the northwestern edge of the Istra Peninsula, Rijeka is east of it. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijeka Fiume]].

Interesting sidebar: Whitehead's fortune from Fiume and the torpedo went solely to his granddaughter Agatha Whitehead, who married Baron von Trapp. The Von Trapp money came from Robert Whitehead, and most of the von Trapp singers were his great-grandchildren.

'''''Alberta''''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_yacht Wikipedia] entry on royal yachts goes back to the 17th century but doesn't include ''Alberta.'' The craft does get a mention in [http://www.bouncing-balls.com/timeline/people/nr_leopoldmorel.htm this page on Leopold and the Congo.]

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
or S.L.C. "slow course torpedo", "slow-running torpedo". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manned_torpedo Wikipedia] Italy‘s Navy was among the first to experiment with manned torpedos. Though according to [http://web.ukonline.co.uk/chalcraft/sm/chariots.html this site] this did not happen until 1935, Italian frogmen as early as October 31, 1918 made it into the harbour of Pula with the help of a modified german torpedo and sank the former Austrian but by then since a few hours Croatian/Slovenian/Bosnian battleship SMS ''Viribus Unitis''. [http://www.geocities.com/tegetthoff66/viribus.html website]

The Wikipedia entry linked above doesn't contain the Italian word ''dirigibile'' (steerable), which sets up the torpedo as a counterpart of the dirigible ''Inconvenience.''

:I suspect there's a connection between the torpedo and "Not the usual lateener, in fact appearing to have neither sails, masts, nor oars" in Miles' reversed vision, [[ATD_243-272#Page_250|page 250.]] Needs work, though.

==Page 530==

'''exfiltrate''' 
Make a surreptitious escape (as "infiltrate" means to make a surreptitious entrance).

'''''Macchè''''' 
Italian: certainly not, not a chance. And in Pynchon's Italian is used as an all-purpose exclamation.

'''''Ehi, stu gazz', categoria''''' 
Stu gazz' is a dialect representation of ''sto cazzo'', literally meaning ''this dick here''. Normally you could translate the sense of the sentence as: ''yeah, why not, a fucking category! ''. -- blicero2 - 2007.02.22

'''''mezzogiornismo''''' 
Denigrating the Italian South. Mezzogiorno means ''midday'' in Italian but refers generally to Southern Italy.

==Page 531==

'''Bruges''' 
An exceptionally beautiful Belgian town of canals which is thus one of several towns known as the 'Venice of the north'. In the 14th cettury Burges already became an international finanacial and trading center, but
started to decline in the 15th century. In the 20th century, however, the city was discovered by the international tourism and the medieval heritage turned out to be a new source of wealth. A new harbor of Zeebrugge, 10 miles outside of Bruges at the North Sea coast, brought new developments and new industries to the region. For the city and its history see ([http://www.trabel.com/brugge.htm Bruges]).

'''Raoul's Atelier de la Vitesse''' 
French: Ralph's Speed Shop.

'''Ghent''' 
Belgian city, less than 30 miles southeast of Bruges, on the rail line about halfway between Ostend and Brussels. It is the fourth largest city of Belgium. It is bigger than Bruges but not as famous as a tourist attraction. But the city is a showcase of medieval Flemish wealth and commercial success. See ([http://www.trabel.com/gent.htm Ghent]).

'''Daimler six-cylinder''' 
Six cylinder engine (most likely a "straight six", as V6 engines weren't made before 1950) manufactured by the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (Daimler Motor Company), German engine and later automobile manufacturer (of the famous Mercedes), in operation from 1890 until 1926. Later merged with the Benz Co. and thus was born the Mercedes Benz. Merged with Chrysler in 1998 and is now know as Daimler AG. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_Motoren_Gesellschaft]

'''a hundred horsepower''' 
In the early 1900's, Daimler's top straight six cylinder engines (see above), the only ones being manufactured in continental Europe, could manage an impressive 75 horsepower. So the engine here is most likely a supercharged version of a car engine.

'''''guaglion''''' 
italian (dialectal) = boy, young person

'''Umeki Tsurigane''' 
Umeki is typically made with some combination of the various kanji for "plum" (ume) and "tree" (ki), though one has the ki being the character for "ghost/devil" and one obscure reading that's entirely redundant, where ume is "plant" (usually read ue). There is one where ume is the kanji for "buried or embedded". Tsurigane, means a "temple bell", which can stand alone or be followed by the grass kanji to mean "bellflower" (lots of botanical stuff happening here, if that means anything; hardly the only example in ''AtD''). Given the search for Shambhala going on, "Buried Temple Bell" seems a likely translation, at least at this point; the botanical meanings could perhaps emerge later.

Or, another terrible name-pun? "You make [m]e sore again." See another on P. [[ATD_748-767#Page_757| 757]]

'''Professor Knott''' 
Cargill Knott (1856-1922), professor of physics; seismologist. See his biography [http://www.penicuikcdt.org.uk/Cargill_Knott.html here].

==Page 532==

'''Kimura''' 
Cf [[ATD_26-56#Page 29|page 29:Kimura]] and [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318:Shunkichi Kimura]].

'''drover's sombrero''' 
Cowboy hat.

'''furoshiki''' 
Japanese all-purpose cloth. Can be worn, used as wrapping, or used as a bag.

'''taupe''' 
A brownish gray.

'''boilermakers and their helpers''' 
[[ATD_358-373#Page_360|See annotation to p. 360.]]

'''Anharmonic Pencil''' 
''Pencil'' is a term commonly used in Synthetic Geometry. Straight lines incident with a plane - coplanar lines - and passing through a common point are said to be concurrent lines and the set of all such concurrent coplanar lines is called the ''pencil''. (Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page 456|page 456:Pencil]]). For a figure and a not quite precise definition see [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Pencil.html pencil]. If a, b, c and d, are four distinct coplanar lines and their double ratio λ = (abcd) = -1, then a, b, c, d are called a harmonic quadruple of lines; they are said to constitute a ''harmonic pencil''. A ''pencil'' which is not harmonic then is known as ''anharmonic pencil''. See Pencil (lines 8-9), Double Ratio λ (lines 32-35) and Harmonic Pencil (line 39) of [http://ca.geocities.com/ingsaler6/mathworld.html Mathworld].

'''''Comptes rendus''''' 
''Comptes rendus des séances hebdomadaires,'' Proceedings of the weekly sessions (of the Academy of Sciences), published from 1835, later (ca. 1935) retitled ''Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences,'' Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences. (Notice that the academy didn't see the need to specify "French." Take that, Royal Society of London!) For about a century, one of two journals so universally circulated and recognized that bibliographies nearly always cited them in nickname form: ''C.R.'' The other was ''Ber.,'' short for ''Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft,'' Reports of the German Chemical Society (from 1868).

'''De Forest''' 
Cf [[ATD_26-56#Page 29|page 29:De Forest]].

'''Gibbs''' 
Cf [[ATD_26-56#Page 29|page 29:Professor Gibbs]].

'''Maxwell Equations''' 
Cf [[ATD_57-80#Page 58|page 58:Maxwell Field Equations]].

==Page 533==

'''aniline teal''' 
The wallpaper dye; aniline dyes were the first synthetic dyes, discovered by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Perkin William Perkin] in 1858. Their intense and fade-resistant colors were very fashionable at the end of the nineteenth century. The dyes are also significant in ''GR'' as the products of I.G. Farben.

'''Heavisiders''' 
Oliver Heaviside (May 18, 1850 – February 3, 1925) was a self-taught English electrical engineer, mathematician and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, developed techniques for applying Laplace transforms to the solution of differential equations, reformulated Maxwell's field equations in terms of electric and magnetic forces and energy flux, and independently co-formulated vector analysis. Although at odds with the scientific establishment for most of his life, Heaviside changed the face of mathematics and science for years to come.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaviside].

'''Grassmanniacs''' 
Nineteenth century German mathematician and linguist, essentially the inventor/discoverer of vector space. Grassmann showed that once geometry is put into the algebraic form he advocated, then the number three has no privileged role as the number of spatial dimensions; the number of possible dimensions is in fact unbounded.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Grassmann].

'''in the mood for a clambake''' 
Anachronistic Broadway show tune? If so, the clambake in ''Carousel'' turns into a brawl; the assmebled factions of mathematicians could be in the mood for either a party or a brawl, apparently.

'''Monopole de la Maison''' 
Monopole of the House, a fanciful name of a fanciful drink. 
There is, since 1898, a well known restaurant called ''Monopole Lunch & Sea Grill'' in Plattsburgh of upper New York state. ([http://www.monopole.org Monopole Restaurant]). 
Most probably, it's the Magnetic monopole being referred here. In physics, a monopole is a magnet with a net magnetic charge, i.e. there is only one pole instead of two (so no net magnetic charge) as usual. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_monopole Monopole]). It's existence had been theoretically predicted by various particle theories (superstring theory, etc) but never been proved experimentally. Proving the existence of a monopole would certainly earn a Nobel Prize.

'''Idiom Neutral''' 
An invented language, like Esperanto. Idiom Neutral dictionaries first appeared in 1902. It looks like a simplified Latinate language and it grew out of Volapuk, another "auxiliary language." It was abandoned by the ''Akademi Internasional de Lingu Universal'' in 1908.

For a list of all the invented languages that linguists are keeping track of, including Klingon, try [http://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/GetListOfConstructedLgs.html Eastern Michigan's Linguist List]. And don't forget to click on the link to "Browse sites devoted to constructed languages."

'''phatic''' 
Basically, small talk or chatter. Words used to convey fellow-feeling rather than to impart information.

'''''Kampf ums Dasein''''' 
German: struggle for existence.

'''Q-brother''' 
Fellow Quaternioneer or Fellow Quaternionist.

'''We are the Jews of mathematics, wandering out here in our diaspora--some destined for the past, others the future, even a few able to set out at unknown angles from the simple line of Time, upon journeys that no one can predict''' 
In keeping with the analogy of Judaism, those "few" people within the Quaternionists "able to set out at unknown angles" are most likely being compared to Kabbalists who claim to partake in a mystic "journey to the Throne of God through the mythological realm of the seven heavens" (Armstrong, A History of God--p. 247). Throne Mysticism in Kabbalah is explored extensively in Gravity's Rainbow.

Perhaps this is obvious to some, but these "Jews of Mathematics" worship the Hamiltonian Tetractys [http://www.math.ucr.edu/home/baez/dublin/]; those other Jews worshipped the Tetragrammatron. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetragrammaton] The proliferation of 4s continues.

==Page 534==

'''Poiret gown''' 
A gown designed by Paul Poiret (1879-1944), a French fashion designer based in Paris. "In the annals of fashion history, Paul Poiret is best remembered for freeing women from corsets and further liberating them through pantaloons . . . it was Poiret's remarkable innovations in the cut and construction of cloting . . . Working with fabric directly onto the body, Poiret helped to pioneer a radical approach to dressmakeing that relied more on the skills of drapery than on those of tailoring." (from [http://www.metmuseum.org/special/se_event.asp?OccurrenceId={0DC3D00F-4611-4F91-8DC2-CC3C1A5C48D5} MetMuseum],
New York Metropolitan Museum's Special Exhibitions, ''Poiret: King of Fashion'', May 9, 2007 to August 5, 2007). For a picture of Poiret gown see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Poiretgown.jpg Poiret Gown]. ''The New York Times'' reported on February 1, 2007 that A Poiret Gown Brings $5,500 at [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B07EFDA1538F93AA15756C0A967948260 Christie's Auction] - the gown was made in 1913 when Poiret was at the height of his career. For his bio see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Poiret Poiret].

'''''green and long''''' 
Pickle, or... what?
: A green and long ''gherkin'' (a small, immature fruit of a variety of cucumber used in pickling).

==Page 535==

'''no-name wine''' 
1970s idiom for common European practice?

'''set theory''' 
Set theory deals with the properties of well-defined collections, or ''sets'', of entities - the ''elements'' or ''members'' of the set - conceived as a whole. The elements may be of a mathematical nature or non-mathematical. The set theory grew out of the German mathematician Georg Cantor's (1845-1918) study of infinite sets of real numbers.

The ''language of sets'' has become an important tool for all branches of mathematics, but is of very little relevance to the practice of mathematics in everyday life. As a source of metaphors, however, it's been quite productive; "subset," "superset," "universe," "intersection" and "Venn diagram" have found varying degrees of acceptance. Recasting Aristotle's syllogisms in set-theoretic language also makes them easier for many people to understand.

'''Hamilton . . . early genius''' 
Hamilton, according to ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'', "at fifteen knew thirteen languages, had read Newton's ''Principia'', and commenced original investigations". At twenty-two, "while still an undergraduate, he was appointed professor of Astronomy at Dublin and Irish Astronomer-Royal"; at thirty "he was knighted".

'''Hamilton . . . in the grip of a first love''' 
??? 
Pynchon probably didn't mean Quaternion was Hamilton's first love, but its effect on him was similar to that of a first love. In 1843 at the age of 38 Hamilton invented the Quaternion, the first non-communtative algebra to be studied. He felt this would revolutionise mathematical physics, and he spent the rest of his life working on it. In 1853 he published a large volume, ''Lectures on Quaternions'', on his grand invention. The last seven years of his life, Hamilton was writing an 800-page book ''Elements of Quaternions'' modeling on Euclid's ''Elements''. The last chapter of the book was completed by his son after his death.

'''the Walt Whitman of English physics''' 
Whitman pops up again, last seen on [[ATD_489-524#Page_491|page 491]].

==Page 536==

'''Oscar Wilde''' 
Note that Wilde's Dorian Gray also undergoes a kind of bilocation.

'''Kursaal''' 
German: "cure hall" aka a spa or, more generally, a place of healthy amusement, eg casino.

'''vectors''' 
For serious minds, see Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526: Gibbsian Vectors]], but let's follow Pynchon's lighter mood, here is a non-mathematical definition by Kamen (1995):
:''Many things have more than direction;''
:''The magnitude is also a question.''
:''With acceleration or force,''
:''And many more things, of course,''
:''It's vectors that make the connection.''

'''Curls''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326: Curl]]: curl is a vector operator that shows a vector field's rate of rotation.

'''Laplacians''' 
Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (March 23, 1749 – March 5, 1827); French mathematician and astronomer who summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five volume Mécanique Céleste (Celestial Mechanics) (1799-1825), translating the geometrical study of mechanics used by Isaac Newton to one based on calculus, known as physical mechanics.

He is also the discoverer of Laplace's equation. Although the Laplace transform is named in honor of Laplace, who used the transform in his work on probability theory, the transform was discovered originally by Leonhard Euler. The Laplace transform appears in all branches of mathematical physics — a field he took a leading role in forming. The Laplacian differential operator, much relied-upon in applied mathematics, is likewise named after him. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace].

:Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326: Laplacian]]: Laplacian is a differential operator named after Laplace. The text here was talking about mathematical operations and operators — rates of change, rotations, partial differentials, Curls, ''Laplacians'', . . .

'''scream''' 
Scream motif.

'''beginning to appal''' 
By 1905 there had been years of outrage at conditions in the Belgian Congo, King Leopold's private fief. Conrad's ''Heart of Darkness'' had been published as a serial in Blackwood's Magazine in 1899 and as a book in 1902. There were missionaries' accounts of the brutality, and newspaper reports. Leopold and his apologists published rebuttals. The Norton Critical Edition of ''Heart of Darkness'' contains an extensive collection of both.

'''baize''' 
Baize is a coarse woolen felt.

==Page 537==

'''broken symmetries''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_symmetry Broken symmetry] is a concept used widely in mathematics and physics. For a simplest explanation (good enough for the text here), this term means that an object breaks either rotational symmetry or translational sysmetry - when one can only rotate an object in certain angles or when one is able to tell if the object has been shifted sideways. For a little bit more detailed explanation see [http://www.lassp.cornell.edu/sethna/OrderParameters/BrokenSymmetry.html Identify the Broken Symmetry]; or even more [http://scienceweek.com/2005/sw050708-6.htm On Broken Symmetry].

'''''sphinxe Khnopffienne''''' 
refers to the Belgian symbolist painter Fernand Khnopff (1858-1921), famous for his painting "The Caress", in which a female sphinx erotically lures a young man. The painting can be seen in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Khnopff wikipedia entry]

'''Pléiade Lafrisée''' 
in French, "friser" means to curl or twist. "La frisée" could mean "curled," by extension "twisted." The Pleiades is a cluster of hundreds of stars, though only a few are visible, sometimes referred to as The Seven Sisters. If Pleiades are Sisters, Pléiade is ''one'' Sister, so her name means Twisted Sister!

In Greek mythology, the Pleiades were the seven daughters of the titan Atlas (you kow, the guy who was condemned to hold the sky on his shoulders for eternity) and the sea-nymph Pleione.

They are:
Maia, eldest of the seven Pleiades, was mother of Hermes by Zeus.
Electra was mother of Dardanus and Iasion by Zeus.
Taygete was mother of Lacedaemon, also by Zeus.
Alcyone was mother of Hyrieus by Poseidon.
Celaeno was mother of Lycus and Eurypylus by Poseidon.
Sterope (also Asterope) was mother of Oenomaus by Ares.
Merope, youngest of the seven Pleiades, wooed by Orion. In other mythic contexts she married Sisyphus and, becoming mortal, faded away. She bore to Sisyphus several sons.

Pléïade is also used in French to describe a group of talented people. When capitalized, it refers to a group of poets. It is also the name of the most prstigious collection of books published in French. If you make it to the Pléïade, you become an immortal author.

Lafrisée translates literally to "The Curly One"

'''''Conseilleuse''''' 
Female consultant?

Not an actual French word, but it's tolerable. If we were to describe somebody who counsels or gives advice (in the female form), it would be "conseillère". The suffix "euse" is sometimes used in French to denote a lesser form. In French Canada, for example, the word "violoniste" is used to describe a "violonist", and "violonneux" is used to describe a "fiddler". Therefore, "Conseilleuse" would suggest an unofficial counseler of sorts.

==Page 538==

'''retroversion matrix''' 
???

'''''Ma foi''''' 
Literally "My faith", i.e. "By my faith!", a mild exclamation of incredulity.

'''ten thousand francs''' 

Based on currency conversions relative to gold, this is equivalent to
about $30,000 US today.

'''piker''' 
Someone cheap or cautious, possibly named after people from PIke County, Missouri, who came to California in the 1800s, looking for work. They were poor, hence cheap.

'''what is a Quaternino?''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Quaternions]] for a mathematical definition. From ''The Random House Dictionary of the English Languages'', The Unabridged Edition (1966): Quaternion is "a quantity or operator expressed as the sum of a real number and three complex numbers, equivalent to the ''quotient of two vectors''. The field of quaternions is not commutative under multiplication.".

'''Bertie ('Mad Dog') Russell''' 
'Mad Dog' seems to be used with heavy irony here. Bertrand Russell was known most for his rationalism, so to speak, his work in modern logic.
He did little in his public roles (at this time in AtD) that would have
him referred to as "crazy', as we say, beyond the social norm, "mad".
It might be argued that his use of 'logic' against philosophers such as Hegel and McTaggart within ''Against the Day'' showed up their 'madness'.
(Many did think McTaggart was a bit...different...for seriously not believing in Time.) McTaggart broke with Russell after an early influential friendship---Russell was the younger man and the influenced one. He said he was an Hegelian because of McTaggart--Russell wrote in his
Autobiography that McTaggart said he no longer wanted to meet/talk with him bcause he could no longer stand Russell's opinions.

[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1950/russell-bio.html Bertrand Russell] (1872-1970) was a British mathematician, philosopher, logician and social critic. Best known for his work in mathermatical logic and analytic philosophy. In late spring of 1901 he discovered the so-called [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell-paradox/ Russell Paradox], "the most famous of the logical or set-theoretical paradoxes. The paradox arises within naive set theory by considering the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. Such a set appears to be a member of itself if and only if it is not a member of itself, hence the paradox." (On-line Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). He won the 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature in "recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought".

'''Barry Nebulay''' 
[[ATD_525-556#Page_526|See annotations to page 526.]]

'''Hegel... puns''' 
Probably refers to the fact that quite a lot of Hegel's philosophy deals with the is-ness of the world as we know and experience it.

On page 787 of Bertrand Russell's ''History of Western Philosophy'' is a summary, perhaps, of this remark about Hegel's puns: "as a result of analysis of the concept "existence", modern logic has proved this [Cartesianism, refuted by Kant, reinstated by Hegel] argument invalid....."

We know from other places that TRP himself seems to 'not like' Cartesianism. See 'cartesian' citations within this wiki.

==Page 539==

'''a vector quotient''' 
The result of one vector divided by another. According to the English dictionary definition of previous page this is just a Quaternion.

'''unit vector''' 
Unit vector is a vector with magnitude of one. The unit vectors in 3-dimensional space, ''i, j, k'', associated with ''x, y, z'' directions are used in defining a general 3D vector (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526:Gibbsian Vectors]]).

'''''square root of minus one''''' 
Imaginary number (Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 132|page 133:Imaginary Number]]). The imaginary numbers ''i, j, k'' are used in defining a Quaternion (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Quaternions]]).

''''Triangle Asana'''' 
A basic yoga pose.

[http://yoga.org.nz/postures/yoga_positions_images_page.htm Here are images of several basic poses.]

''''Dr Rao abruptly vanished'''' 
Might be a reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Gardner Martin Gardner]'s
[http://www.amazon.com/No-Sided-Professor-Fantasy-Mystery-Philosophy/dp/0879753900 "No-Sided Professor"]

''''Quadrantal Versor Asana'''' 
A triangle pose taken that extra dimension.

'''''"Uwe moer!"''''' 
Looks a lot like the Dutch "Uw moeder!" - a cry of astonishment ("Your mother!"), the equivalent to the black English "yo mama".

'''noncommutative''' 
A term typical to mathematics. A commutative equation is one that can operate in exact reverse and still yield the same results. 'Noncommutative' then suggests unidirectionality. The ability to go from point A to point B, but not from B to A.

'''reticule''' 
A woman's drawstring handbag; usually made of net or beading or brocade; also: A system of lines forming a pattern of squares at the focal plane of a telescope, used in micrometers.
[http://www.astunit.com/tutorials/glossary.htm]
:Isn't that sort of a red herring? "[P]roducing from her reticule a . . . watch" doesn't really allow of that second meaning. 
:It could be a pun, since a reticule/ handbag always shows its pattern of lines, and a watch (timepiece) is drawn from it. Remember that, e.g. railroad lines of tracks, are a sign of industrialism encroaching on the natural and the spiritual.

'''Vacheron & Constantin watch''' 
Made by a Swiss company founded in 1755. From 1819 to 1970 the name was as in the text, then the & dropped out. See the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacheron_Constantin Wikipedia entry.]

'''hunting-case''' 
For a pocket watch, a case with a hinged metal cover. More often called "hunter case" (and such a watch a "hunter").

==Page 540==

'''"haar rekening, ja?"''' 
''Her bill, yes?" (Dutch/Flemish) I.e., give the check to the lady.

Given the presence of Chris 'Kit' Traverse here, this very much suggests a reference to Christopher 'Kit' Marlowe, Elizabethan poet, playwright and contemporary of Shakespeare. Marlowe was stabbed to death in 1593, in murky circumstances, ostensibly over a bill or 'reckoning', though he was widely believed to have been involved in some form of espionage.

Strictly speaking "haar rekening" means that the lady pays for herself only. If Root wanted to make sure that Pléiade pays for the whole company he would have to say "de hele rekening voor de dame".

That is not correct; "haar rekening, ja?" unambiguously means that they are making sure that the entire bill will be for her.

'''Piet Woevre''' 
The Woëvre is a natural region of Lorraine in north-east France. It forms part of Lorraine plateau and lies largely in the department of Meuse. During World War I, there was much fighting there due to vast mineral resources that had been discovered in the Briey basin or Eastern Woevre at the end of the 19th century. "Piet" is Dutch for "rock" or "stone" and is a fairly common Dutch name, the English equivalent being Peter.

Piet doesn't have a meaning as a name in Dutch, it is just a fairly common name and denotes that he is from humble origin (whereas he superior de Decker may be from nobility).

Woevre is not a common name in Flandres. Interestingly the sound reminds one immidiately of Woeste, which is a better know name. Charles Woeste (1837-1922) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Woeste] was a conservative catholic politician in Belgium trying to stop the struggle of the liberation of the Flemish textile workers in Aalst by Priester Daens[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Daens] .

If the surname is pronounced as in Dutch, Woevre is another Pynchon villain with a "V"-name (Vond, Weissman, Vibe).

This is not correct, neither in Dutch nor in French (which would be the language spoken by the upper class in Belgium at that time) is the W pronounced as a V. So it is not a "V"-name.

'''Force Publique''' 
The Force Publique (FP) was the official armed force for what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1885, (when the territory was known as the Congo Free State), through the period of direct Belgian rule (1908-60), until the beginning of the Second Republic in 1965. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_Publique Wikipedia entry]

'''made him reach''' 
Possible allusion to a famous line, "When I hear the word culture I reach for my gun." From Hanns Johst's biographical play ''Schlageter''. The original line is slightly different: "Wenn ich Kultur höre ... entsichere ich meinen Browning," "Whenever I hear of culture... I release the safety-catch of my Browning!" (Act 1, Scene 1). It is spoken by another character in conversation with the young Schlageter. In the scene Schlageter and his wartime comrade Friedrich Thiemann are studying for a college examination, but then start disputing whether it's worthwhile doing so when the nation is not free.

The line is often misattributed to better-known Nazis and others [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanns_Johst].

*In Jean-Luc Godard's 1963 film [http://www.chicagoreader.com/movies/archives/0997/09057.html ''Le Mépris'' (''Contempt'')], Jack Palance's character "Jeremy Prokosch," an American movie-producer, intones to Fritz Lang: "Whenever I hear the word culture, I reach for my checkbook."

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That's_When_I_Reach_For_My_Revolver That's When I Reach for My Revolver] is a song written in the beginning of the 1980ies by Clint Conley of Mission of Burma. It has been covered many times, most prominently by Moby.

'''not unambiguous''' 
Ie, ambiguous.

'''''rastaquoueres''''' 
Social upstarts

'''de Decker''' 
In Dutch/Flemish, the name means "roofer." (''De'' in these names almost never means "of, from" as in French; it's nearly always the definite article.)

The small "d" in "de Decker" denotes that he is from the upper-class, likely nobility. Piet Woevre, on the contrary, is a much more common name.

==Page 541==

'''''bobbejaan''''' 
Afrikaans: baboon. (Afrikaans is the language spoken by descendants of Dutch colonists in present-day South Africa. Some items identified as Dutch or Flemish in this wiki may really be Afrikaans.)

The South African song "Bobbejaan klim die berg" ("Bobbejaan climbed the hill") is the source of the stage name of Belgium's most famous country and western musician, Bobbejaan Schoepen (b. 1925). In 1943 he was suppressed by the Nazis after performing a South African song, "Mamma, 'k wil 'n man hê" ("Mama, I want a man"), which contains the line "No, Mama, I don't want a German, because I don't like pork." He founded the Bobbejaanland theme park in Belgium, where he still lives.

'''MKIV/ODC... Mark Four''' 
This would be the Mark IV Ohmic Drift Compensator ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|Page 565]]), a key component of the Q-weapon, which "regulates how much light is allowed to enter the silvering of the mirror! Special kind of refraction! Calibrated against imaginary index! Dangerous! Of the essence!'"

'''not part of your remit''' 
Not included in your job description, instructions, authorization. "Remit" (noun) is usually a British usage.

'''''gatkruiper''''' 
Dutch/Flemish: brownnose, ass-kisser.

'''one on her wrist''' 
All the bruises reflect some refinement or artistry except this one, which may have been inflicted crudely.

'''over the day''' 
Title motif?

==Page 542==

'''trans-horizontic''' 
Across the horizon " a screaming comes across the sky"

'''Edmund Whittaker''' 
Edmund Whittaker (1873-1956), an English mathematician. He is best known for his work in numerical analysis. And he contributed widely to applied mathematics, mathematical physics and the theory of special functions. He also worked on celestial mechanics and the history of applied mathermatics and physics. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._T._Whittaker Whittaker]).

The Sir Edmund Whittaker Memorial Prize is awarded every four years by the Edinburgh Mathematical Society to an outstanding young mathematician having a specified connection with Scotland [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Whittaker_Memorial_Prize].

'''louche''' 
The cloudy effect caused by the addition of water to absinthe. Dictionary definition: "of questionable taste or morality; decadent."

'''"Now, with no sensible passage of time, the rooms were resonant with absence."''' 
Cf. [[ATD_397-428#Page_414|page 414]], where Chick Counterfly first encounters the Trespassers at Candlebrow U. ("as if positive expressions of silence and absence were being deployed against him").

'''cheval-glass''' 
Standing mirror in a freestanding vertical frame.

'''as if someone''' 
Sound-cancelling vs opacity-cancelling?

'''"dressing-gown...faceless, armless, attending him"''' 
Not saying this is a deliberate reference by TRP, but this section where Kit appears to see Pliéiade Lafrisée's dressing-gown standing by itself in the moonlight against the window reminds me strongly of a particular image from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Prayer_for_Owen_Meany ''A Prayer for Owen Meany''] by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Irving John Irving]. Without going on forever here, if you know that book, you probably know the image I'm talking about, and it's uncannily similar to this section of ''AtD''...a faceless, armless mannequin holding a dress belonging to the narrator's mother, taken by Owen to be an angel of death. It's a central image in that novel that recurs in various ways.

==Page 543==

'''wraith of Pleiade Lafrisee'''

Pleiade manifests one of her not-visible stars. Perhaps this sister has somehow twisted herself on an imaginary axis ala Dr. V. Ganesh Rao.

'''monitory''' 
Warning, giving advice, by extension ominous or menacing.

'''Against....the day....'''
Note: this phrase happens at the exact halfway point of the novel: p.542.3

'''He Who Must Come''' 
The evil-doer who must come might be Adolf Hitler. It would make sense. The implication being that Europe is precipitating into a no-return situation. Capitalism cannot but end in WW2. 
Ah, a lot more and less than capitalism going on here, especially if anyone specific like Hitler is meant.
:When French writers use this phrase (''celui qui doit venir'') they '''do''' mean the Messiah . . . although a few devout quibblers point out that the Messiah has already come. It's rather tiresome Googling the phrase; the first 83 hits definitely refer to Christ and most of them quote the first verses of Matthew 11. But there's also a Camus reference (in English, I think) down at No. 90, if anyone has a JSTOR account:
:links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0361-1299(1985)39%3A4%3C251%3ACFS%22M%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X

Recalls Yeats' 'The Second Coming' once again: "And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?" [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2007/05/casino-royale-in-flanders-field.html#c3637134446204467798 ]

'''General Boulanger''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Boulanger Georges Boulanger], French military man, and War Minister in the late 19th century. He was one of those men "on a white horse" that some conservatives looked to, as he urged an attack on Germany and the end of the French Republic with a return to monarchy. He was also notorious for his harsh reprisals against workers' demonstrations. "'Boulangisme'" threatened a coup in 1889, but the general's procrastination brought the crisis to an end. 
In ''The Infernal Machine: A History of Terrorism''
by Matthew Carr, 2007, Boulanger is called the "father" of fascism.

'''what death and what transfiguration''' 
Allusion to Richard Strauss' tone poem "Death and Transfiguration" (''Tod und Verklärung''), premiered in 1890.

'''''"Zeker"''''' 
Dutch: certainly.

'''''dead cert''''' 
Dead certainty, sure thing.

'''Von Schlieffen''' 
Alfred von Schlieffen was the author of a German war plan to win a two-front war against both France and Russia by quickly defeating France before Russian troops could be mobilized. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_Plan Schlieffen Plan] included an attack on France through Belgium, disregarding its neutrality.

'''Wilhelm has offered Leopold part of France, the ancient Duchy of Burgundy''' 
[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr-bg.html History of the duchy.] [http://www.freiburg-madison.de/freiburg_history/1386-1517_The%20Early%20Habsburgs.htm Map,] with portrait of Duke Charles the Rash.

'''lowlands''' 
Title of Pynchon's first published story. Here, ass?

Actually the second published story, being "The Small Rain" the first in '59. And I think it means literally lowlands, as they are below sea level.

The Netherlands and Flandres are known as the Low Lands (Nether/Neder = under, below).

==Page 544==

'''Place d'Armes''' 
Main square of Ostend; literally "drill field".

'''peau de soie''' 
"Skin of silk" A heavy, smooth satin with very fine ribbing; somewhat dull in sheen compared with traditional silk finishes.

'''Krafft-Ebing''' 
Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing, Austro-German psychiatrist and author of ''Psychopathia Sexualis'' (1886), a pioneering study of deviant sexual behavior and fetishism. Coined both ''sadism'' and ''masochism'' as terms for these respective behaviors. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Freiherr_von_Krafft-Ebing Wikipedia entry].

'''toque''' 
Toque here refers to a lady's hat, originally of fur but here in velvet, which is rather like a flattened chef's hat in shape.

Proust: in ''À l'ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs'' the narrator first sees Albertine wearing a toque. There seem to be quite a few Proust themes and references running throughout the novel. Indeed '''Pliade''' is the French publisher of Proust's works.

'''guipure''' 
Lace trim.

'''midinette''' 
A shopgirl or dressmakers apprentice. A milliner.
These days, mostly used to describe a naive and sentimental young girl

'''Lambic''' 
A distinctive Belgian style of beer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambic Wikipedia]

'''sous''' 

Coins. Originally Roman gold coins, latterly any kind of coin.

Also an old French currency

Specifically small change. She is affecting modesty by claiming that a hat like hers can be had for pennies in any unpretentious shop. In France "sou is used as slang for money, as in ''sans le sou''. 'I'm broke', 'without money'. It is also a slang term for the Canadian cent (standard French, cent)." ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sou Wikipedia])

'''mayonnaise''' 
Brautigan's "Trout Fishing in America" famously ends with the word mayonnaise. [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0395500761&id=rbEjDovfyNMC&pg=RA2-PA111&lpg=RA2-PA111&ots=ELKl5b_6Tx&dq=mayonnaise+trout.fishing&num=100&sig=BiyXRqJXRGrMWbrBNgn8de2kpCo#PRA2-PA112,M1 GoogleBooks]

'''ovoöleaginous''' 
Another Pynchonic word combination, here denoting the two main ingredients of mayonnaise: 1) eggs, and 2) oil. It's not "fecoventilatory collision" as seen in "Vineland," but it's nice.

'''Grenache''' 
Grape commonly used in Rhone Valley wines e.g. Chateauneuf du Pape.

in this case, it refers to a deep, dark shade of red

'''Chantilly''' 

Region north of Paris.

Here the reference is to crème chantilly otherwise known as whipped cream. Chantilly mayonnaise is made by incorporating the beaten egg whites for extra lightness.

'''attainder''' 
Legislative act declaring that a person is guilty of a crime and setting punishment without the benefit of a formal trial. The Constitution forbids the federal government (Article I, Section 9, clause 3) and the state governments (Article I, Section 10, clause 1) from passing bills of attainder.
[www.historycentral.com/Civics/B.html]

''''''Aux armes, citoyens'''''' 
''To arms, citizens'', from the French national anthem, ''La Marseillaise'' (1792). Kit confused La Mayonnaise with La Marseillaise. 
I don't think he's confused - he suspects Pleiade and is making a point ironically. A James-Bondish sort of quip. In fact this whole incident is Bondish and Pleiade is a Bond-type seductress. And let's not forget, Kit is surrounded by Flemings...

Interesting foresight from Thomas Pynchon. The Belgian Federal Elections of June 10th 2007 led to very long and difficult coalition negotiations. Yves Leterme, the leader of the Flemish Christian Deomocratic Party CD&V was the big winner of the elections in Flandres with a very much pro-Flemish programme (some would say, an alomost separatist programme). Mr Leterme encountered enormous difficulty setting up a government and was not popular at all in the southern (French-speaking) part of Belgium. When asked on July 21st 2007 (the Belgian National Holiday) if he knew the Belgian National Hymn in French, he started singing the French National Hymn, The Marseillaise instead of the Belgian National Hymn, The Brabanconne, shocking a large part of the Belgian population. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABTR2Xe_sGw]

'''Louis XV''' 
King of France 1715-1774 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XV].

'''Cléo de Mérode''' 
Glamorous French ballerina (1875-1966), later Follies Bergere dancer and famous beauty. Her reputed intimacy with King Leopold was only a rumor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleo_de_Merode]. The character Madame Leonora Armfeldt in Stephen Sondheim's ''A Little Night Music'' has some features in common with her.

'''Marquise de Pompadour''' 
Mistress of Louis XV,once friend of Voltaire and a power behind official scenes.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour].

'''Neuropathists would recognize in both kings a desire to construct a self-consistent world to live inside, which allows them to continue the great damage they are inflicting on the world the rest of us must live in.'''

Cf. Crime and Punishment

==Page 545==

'''duc de Richelieu''' 
Duc de Richelieu (1696-1788), marshal of France, was a grandnephew of Cardinal Richelieu, and born in Paris. Apart from his reputation as a man of exceptionally loose morals, he attained, in spite of a defective education, distinction as a diplomatist and general. ([http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Louis_Francois_Armand_du_Plessis,_duc_de_Richelieu duc de Richelieu] and cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 490|page 490:duc de Richelieu]])

'''dubious 'victory' in 1756''' 
As part of the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), duc de Richelieu (1696-1788), a Marshal of France, won a victory in the Battle of Minorca (May 20, 1756) over John Byng (1704-1757), a British Admiral. In spring of 1756 John Byng was sent with a small and undermanned fleet to relieve the British ''Port Mahon'' on the Mediterranean island of Minorca. During the battle ensued, several British ships were badly damaged by the French squadron while others, including Byng's flagship, were still out of effective firing range. Instead of engaging the enemy directly, Byng decided to keep the formation, allowing the French fleet to get away undamaged. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Minorca Battle of Minorca]).

'''the ill-fated Admiral Byng''' 
John Byng, convicted by court-martial of failure "to do his utmost" in the battle, shot in 1757. Remembered because of (1) his being the last officer of flag rank to be put to death for conduct in battle and (2) Voltaire's gag in ''Candide:'' "In this country it is good to kill an admiral from time to time in order to encourage the others."

'''cantharides''' 
"Spanish fly," contact irritant sometimes ill-advisedly used as aphrodisiac.

'''Sadean''' 
Pertaining to the Marquis de Sade. The acts the chef performs on the egg and oil have the same names as acts of Sadean sex.

'''''n'est-ce pas?''''' 
Right? (Isn't that so?)

'''vetiver''' 
A grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) of tropical India, cultivated for its aromatic roots that yield an oil used in perfumery.
[www.answers.com/topic/vetiver]. So, a perfume with, llterallly, roots in India.

Vetiver makes frequent appearances throughout ''À la recherche du temps perdu.''

'''pip''' 
A beaut; in current parlance, a hottie.

'''Q.P. system''' 
Quaternion Probability, page 536.

'''Usine Régionale''' 
French: as translated in the text.

Actually, this is not proper French at all! Regional Mayonnaise Works should translate as "Usine Régionale de Mayonnaise" or, even better "Fabrique Régionale de Mayonnaise". "Usine ''à la'' mayonnaise" means mayo flavored factory, which makes no sense at all... or does it?

==Page 546==

'''disjunctive effects of thunderstorms''' 
Folk wisdom says a thunderstorm will cause mayonnaise to separate (oil from yolks).

'''cottonseed oil'''

Mayonnaisse like Smegmo and Crisco is a hydrogenated fat; cottonseed oil is a common factor to all three. Indeed, the name Crisco derives from the intial sounds of "'''crys'''tallized '''c'''ottonseed '''o'''il". Note in the next few pages a mention of Candlebrow -- underscoring a tie-in between Mayonnaisse and Smegmo.

It may be of interest to note that hydrogenation may have a symbolic use for Pynchon. The process entails bubbling hydrogen through oil in the presence of a metal catalyst such as nickel, platinum, aluminum at 248 to 410 degrees. Remnants of these metals stay in the finished product, and when consumed can lead to an increase in heavy metals in the human body.

Eating hydrogenated oils is like eating plastic. The body does not recognize that these molecules have been mutated and tries to use them as essential fatty acids. But they cannot perform the same function, and as a result hydrogenated oils can cause short circuits in the electrical flow that controls the heartbeat, nerve functions, cell division and mental balance. They also create free radicals (anarchists!) that are linked to cancers. Free radicals plus metal remnants are a major contributor to cancer, heart disease, immune system dysfunction, osteoporosis, depression, chronic fatigue, Alzheimers, and neurological diseases. It is estimated that over 200 million people have died prematurely because of the hydrogenated oils found in our diets. [http://www.drz.org/asp/newsletter/default.asp?xt2id=23] Not to mention innocent bystanders killed by mentally imbalanced people whose imbalance may stem from the ingestion of hydrogenated oils -- there may be some underlying reality to the "Twinkie defense."

'''lounge suit''' 
A lounge suit is another name for business suit consisting of a matching jacket and trousers or skirt.

'''congress shoes''' 
ankle high shoes with elastic gussets in the sides (wordweb online)

'''invisible hand'''

Suggestive of Adam Smith's metaphor for market forces in economics.

'''dripping-heads''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayonnaise To make mayonnaise,] beat together egg yolks, salt, mustard and vinegar, then drip in oil while beating to form the emulsion. If you scale the process up for industrial production, you will automate the introduction of the oil, using nozzles that release it a drop at a time—but in a large vat you can have many such nozzles.

'''''cuves d'agitation''''' 
Vat or tank in which the mayonnaise is agitated or beaten.

'''Clinique d'Urgence pour Sauvetage des Sauces''' 
French: Emergency Clinic for Salvage of Sauces.

If I were to nitpick (which I always do when it comes to my mother tongue), I would point out that it should read Clinique d'Urgence pour '''le''' Sauvetage des Sauces (i.e.: Emergency Clinic for '''the''' Salvage of Sauces).

Pynchon is having fun here. The simple way to "save" a mayonnaise is to add a spoonful of water.

'''Mayonnaise!''' 
This scene reminds one of the famous scene in the Tricatel factory in the French movie "l'Aile ou la cuisse" with Louis de Funes and Coluche. [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0074103/]. Charles Duchemin (Louis de Funes) is a famous restaurant critic in a struggle with the industrial food producer Jacques Tricatel (Julien Guiomar). During the movie Charles Duchemin ends with his son Gerard (Coluche) in the Tricatel factory to discover how this food is being made. The factory has no visible workers, but Tricatel discovers them and tries to get them killed. The end up in giant pastries, tanks of thick sauses etc.

==Page 547==

'''' ...engulfed in thick, slick, sour-smelling mayonnaise. ''''
The whole Kit's experience in the mayonnaise factory is very much reminiscent to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Dahl Roald Dahl]'s [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory Charlie and the Chocolate Factory].

'''''Cazzo, cretino''''' 
Literally, "Dick, cretin." ''Cazzo'' is a common Italian interjectionary obscenity, especially in the south. "Cazzo, cretino," is akin to someone saying, "Well shit, dummy," or "F-ing moron!"

'''''È il cowboy!''''' 
Italian: It's the cowboy!

'''''vero?''''' 
true? real?

'''''Le bambole anarchiste, porca miseria''''' 
Italian: Anarchist babes, oh boy.

'''Oudenberg''' 
A southeast suburb of Ostende.

'''Quai de l'Entrepôt''' 
Warehouse Quay

'''''ragazzi''''' 
Italian: boys, guys.

==Page 548==

'''General Boulanger''' 
That the General was 'reactionary' and that the C of C bureaucracy had a 'defiant residue' of Boulangism, continues the characterization of the organization for which the Chums 'work'. 
See p. 543 above, regarding a 2007 book in which Boulanger is called the 'father of fascism'.

'''''timbres fictifs''''' 
French: fictive postage stamps. Cf "Lot 49". 
Yes, stamps mean something in Pynchon's works; here, it seems important that these stamps are characterized as frauds.

'''"IIIb"''' 
As explained in the text. 
"Section IIIB (Intelligence) of the German High Command. After WWI, was funded by Alfred Hugenberg (financial backer of Nazi party)". From ''Sabotage'' by Sayers & Kahn, 1942.[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22IIIB%27+%2B+INTELLIGENCE&btnG=Search]. The authors state in the Forward, in 1942, "that 'Nazi Germany' is the creation of spies and saboteurs". See ''V.'' & ''Gravity's Rainbow'', of course.

'''Germany might stand a better chance...''' 
That is, if the French were to push into Alsace (per Boulanger) as the Germans executed the Schlieffen Plan [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_plan] for the encirclement of Paris, it would put the French at an even greater disadvantage...as actually happened in 1914. Had the Belgians and British not delayed the Germans in Flanders, and had the French railroads not performed speedily to bring the French troops back to the Marne, World War I could have had a very different outcome...an alternate history.

'''revanchist''' 
Policies based on revenge, or a person following such policies. In General Boulanger's case, revenge against Germany for the Franco-Prussian War (that is, retaking Alsace, lost in 1871).

'''the somewhat discomposed General''' 
Having died in 1891, the General by the time of the action is certainly somewhat '''de'''composed; brief biographies do not suggest he was ''non compos mentis,'' that is, mentally discomposed.

==Page 549==
'''grow more and more invisible''' 
What could be meant? Clearly, they inhabit bodies that people interact with?, as well as being characters in works of fiction. 
Given what happens with the Chums as the story progresses [Spoiler bit, thematically], I suggest that their invisibility here
means the entering of simple human life, to live out their lives 'anonymously' in history. I want to suggest this is largely a positive vision, indicated in other ways and places as well in TRPs work. Here is an overt bit of circumstantial evidence from Pynchon's introduction to Jim Dodge's novel ''Stone Junction'': 
"Equally difficult for those who might wish to proceed through life
anonymously and without trace has been the continuing assault against
the once-reliable refuge of the cash or non-plastic economy." [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_stone.html]

'''cackled Darby''' 
(When did he lose his innocence?)

'''a modification of any salsician metaphor toward the diminutive''' 
Salsician: pertaining to sausage. Lindsay says Suckling's penis is better compared to a wiener than a knockwurst.

'''"Why you little–and I do mean 'little'–"''' 
Another Simpsons reference?

Noseworth, the Master-At-Arms of the Chums division of this organization with a defiant residue of 'fascism', who had no smell to Pugnax early on,
is called out, either for real or in a sex-bashing putdown, for homosexuality. cf. homosexuality as a metaphor in ''Gravity's Rainbow''.

'''dunes between Nieuport and Dunkirk''' 
Nieuport is a Belgian seaport about 10 miles southwest of Ostend. Dunkirk is a French port (less than 10 miles inside the French border) about 20 miles southwest of Nieuport. The latter was a site of one of the bloodest battle in World War I. The general area between Niewport and Dunkirk was the well traversed battle fields of two world wars. (Dunkirk was (in)famous for the British Army's escape from the Nazi German's assault in World War II.)

'''power-receivers''' 
Not information, energy.

==Page 550==

'''Lot's wife''' 
Angels of God led Lot and his family out of Sodom as it was being destroyed and told them not to look back at the mayhem. Lot's wife, Edith, imprudently looked back and was transfigured into a pillar of salt.

'''preference...for interiors''' 
In [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361 Mason & Dixon, p. 354]
, the interiors of some coaches were larger than their exterior dimensions. Interiors have importance in Pynchon's worldview. Cf. "invisibility", and a 'human life' above. 

'''Italian grotto''' 
an imitating recess or structure made to resemble a natural Italian grotto.

'''a highly developed taste, moreover, for human blood''' 
Since Pugnax developed this taste in the Carpathians, home of Castle Dracula, this seems a clear reference to Bram Stoker's novel.

'''Carpathians''' 
Major mountain range running northwest-southeast through Poland, Slovakia, western Ukraine and Romania.

'''Uhlans''' 
Uhlan regiments belonged to the light cavalry. They wore splendid uniforms (model for some U.S. marching band uniforms). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhlan Wikipedia article.]

'''Temesvár''' 
Now Timişoara, extreme western Romania.

==Page 551==
'''prefiguration...of the holy City''' 
City of God, ala Augustine? ''The Heavenly City of the 18th Century Philosophers''[http://www.amazon.com/Heavenly-City-Eighteenth-Century-Philosophers/dp/0300101503]
, as explored in the book Ian McEwan says he lent Pynchon? [citation needed] 

'''...separated by only a slice of Time...''' 
Miles is beginning to experience Time almost as a spatial dimension, his personal vector as traversing (!) 4-dimensional space, or perhaps multidimensional space, the mathematics for which is being debated in Ostend.

'''securing the mess decks''' 
The Chums follow U.S. Navy idiom in orders (frequently prefixed with "Now") and shipboard activities ("secure" meaning "whatever you did before, undo it now," in this case put away the dishes and fold up the tables).

'''Ryder Thorn''' 
Tolkienesque name? Or perhaps it's a nod to the Ryder-Waite Tarot deck and to Kevin Thorn (Kevin Matthew Fertig, 1977-), the American professional wrestler better known by his ring name Kevin Thorn who is currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment wrestling on its ECW brand. He has appeared in vigniettes with Ariel (Shelly Martinez, 1980-), the tarot card reader, who spits blood at the camera while she "predicted the future of ECW." Yup, a stretch...

*The name also evokes the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.

'''He was at Candlebrow.''' 
Presumably a 'trespasser.'

'''the four-note chord in the context of timelessness''' 
A melody is formed by notes following one another in time; a chord on the ukulele violates that practice by having all the notes sound at once. A really clever little passage.
Note: Jazz musicians describe musical improvisations as horizontal (with the melody) or vertical (with the chord)

==Page 552==

'''knuckle-duster''' 
Brass knuckles.

'''Diksmuide''' 
20 kilometers south of Ostend (about halfway to Ypres).

==Page 553==

'''The terrain was flat...lowlands''' 
Not, this time, a reference to Pynchon's ''Lowlands'', but to the two-dimensionality of Flanders, as in Edwin A. Abbott's ''Flatland'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatland]; most humans, like the inhabitants of Flanders and Abbott's Flatlanders, experience life in two dimensions.

'''Somewhere up in the sky was Miles' home...''' 
Whereas Miles and the Chums of Chance, in contrast, live in three dimensions. The mathematicians gathered in Ostend are trying to calculate how to experience and use vectors to live in four dimensions; in a way, to experience Time as a kind of spatial dimension. Miles, on P. 551, is demonstrating the beginnings of an intuitive discovery of how to experience Time as an almost spatial dimension. Which would be a sort of "time travel", or at least an expanded view of life and history.

'''retted''' 
soaked in water or exposed to moisture (as flax or hemp) to facilitate the removal of the fiber from the woody tissue by partial rotting.

==Page 554==

'''Ypres and Menin''' 
Municipalities in West Flanders that were sites of some of the bloodiest battles of WWI. At the beginning of the war, the British and Belgian stand helped save Paris from encirclement by the Germans, and saved the Channel ports, but as Thorn points out, the area became the western anchor of the Western Front trench system. The several Battles of Ypres saw the first uses of poison gas (Mustard Gas, dichlorodiethylsulfide, was first called Yperite), the use of enormous mines, and the legendary mud of Passchendaele [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passchendaele].

'''Ten years from now''' 
(1914?) through 1918? and beyond?. Another paramorphic mirror--what do we now face. Whatever it is, it is nuclear.

'''Bosch''' 
Hieronymous Bosch (1450-1516), Dutch painter of nightmares. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronymus_Bosch Wikipedia entry].

'''Brueghel''' 
Pieter Brueghel the Elder(1525-1569), Flemish painter.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Brueghel_the_Elder Wikipedia entry].

'''League''' 
League of Nations? The League of Nations was formed after WWI to prevent future wars. Didn't succeed.

No. In this case a historical unit of length, approximately three miles -

No, again; a league here is an association of people joined by common interests and "League on league" means tremendous masses of people.

'''where the needles went and which way to rotate them''' 
I.e., how to push Thorn's buttons; the image is from acupuncture.

==Page 555==

'''simpletons at the fair''' 
Making Pynchon's metaphor explicit.

'''Chopin E-minor Nocturne''' 
Frédéric Chopin (1810-49), a Polish pianist and composer ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin Chopin]). He was born in Warsaw, Poland to a Polish morther and a French father. He went to Paris at the age of 20 and died there at the age of 39. He was widely regarded as one of the most famous and influential composers for the piano. From 1837-47 he had a 10-year stormy relationship with the French writer George Sand. His E-minor Nocturne is a 4-minute long Romantic style piano solo composed in 1827. (A ''nocturne'' is usually a musical composition that is inspired by, or evocative of, the night [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturne Nocturne].)

'''owl-light''' 
???glimmering or imperfect light or twilight hours.

''''plasmic hysteresis'''' 

A coined term, apparently similar in meaning to Miles’ phrase “failure of physical translation.” Plasma would take an older meaning of “form” or “shape." Hysteresis, according to Webster's, refers to “a retardation in effect when the forces on an object are changed.” Hysteresis is used to describe magnetic phenomenon as well as plastic or elastic materials, that involve changes to a rest state that last beyond the forces that cause them. Examples include recordings on magnetic tape or a thumbprint slowly disappearing from putty. In the context of this passage, plasmic hysteresis appears to describe the lingering visage of someone who is no longer present – a hysteresis of form only and thus a failed physical translation. See [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=plasma&searchmode=none etymology of plasma] and this nifty explanation of [http://www.lassp.cornell.edu/sethna/hysteresis/WhatIsHysteresis.html hysteresis].

Hysteresis has also been used to refer to “loops” in time, certainly apropos in this case. I stumbled across an excellent example in a 1980 episode of Dr. Who, in which the eponymous Dr. is trapped in “chronic hysteresis,” an endless loop or return to a previous
point in time – very similar to the situation of Ryder Thorn. [http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_5q.htm Check it out for yourself!]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 199-218

2008-08-20T11:25:39Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 211 */ add movie connection

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 199==

'''headed for Nevada''' 
From Denver or Golden the boys travel westward. Do they reach Nevada or just point in that direction? The scenic description may fit parts of Utah (between Colorado and Nevada) or Nevada proper. It's some 250 miles from Denver to the Utah-Nevada line; we learn that Jeshimon is a day's ride (say 100 miles?) from Nochecita, and also that you go south from Jeshimon to get to Telluride. And there's more: In Nochecita some visitors are identified as "Utahans," which suggests the town is not in Utah. 
The geography seems to work only if Nochecita is in western Colorado, not Nevada.

==Page 200==

'''Nochecita''' 
Spanish: little night. We saw earlier [[ATD_1-25#Page_22|(see annotations to p. 22)]] that bright light is not a source of comfort while darkness can be; Nochecita should be a place of shelter.
 The online dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy defines [http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsulta?TIPO_BUS=3&LEMA=nochecita nochecita] as "Crepúsculo vespertino", i.e. evening twilight.

'''Estrella''' 
Spanish: star. In New World Spanish the middle syllable is pronounced just about like "Stray."
:and in Old World Spanish too 
She is a star in the "little night."

The name of a character in Dickens' ''Great Expectations.''

==Page 201==
'''natatorium''' 
New Englandish word for "swimming pool" - see [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=natatorium Online Etymology Dictionary], from the Latin ''natare'' - to swim.

'''stand literally ''in a circle'' around the couple as if enforcing the choice and allowing them no other''' 
Weddings in many places and times feature circles (circular ring, guests dancing in a circle, ribbon encircling the couple). A confining circle of guests does not seem to be a custom anywhere. Are these newly made "friends" pursuing some end we can't recognize—for example seeking to ensure a lineage?

'''Family idiot... some emergency drooling done''' 
Frank the self-professed Frankenstein of the Traverse family. 
Frank will not be the last ''AtD'' character to hold himself out as an [[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day|idiot]].

==Page 202==

'''Cooper''' 
In the spirit of Icelandic Spar doubling, is it possible that the description of 'young gent Cooper' is Pynchon writing himself into ATD? Pynchon is reportedly shy and one of the supposed reasons given for why he never wanted his picture taken was that his upper teeth protruded and he did not like his portrait. Cooper sits astride a black and gold V-twin (!), produces a "Cornell" model Acme guitar, 'which now and then found strange notes added into the guitar chords, as though Cooper had hit between the wrong frets, only somehow it sounded right,' a pretty good analogy of Pynchon's bizarre but powerful prose style. Cf. Pynchon and his music connections and the trope (from Homer on) of musicians as the archetypal artists. Pynchon reportedly played the ukulele, so perhaps he also plays guitar. Perhaps this Cooper is an amalgam of himself and his great deceased school friend, Richard Farina?

:Scaled down just a bit, striking blue eyes, blond hair, "motor-wheelman," "injury . . . in his past." Everything but the name comes out [http://www.stevemcqueen.org.uk/ Steve McQueen] (1930-80). Not an identification but a distant resonance.

:Yeah, too much of a stretch to think it's Pynchon writing himself in. There was speculation that the character Osbie Feel in ''Gravity's Rainbow'' was just such an instance, and this one a bit more plausible. [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Osbie_Feel Check it out...]

:[[image:V-Twin.jpg|right|thumb|Mesa V-Twin Preamp & Stompbox|175px]]Also, could be a nod to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Cornell Chris Cornell], singer, guitarist & songwriter for Soundgarden and Audioslave. He's got that blond(ish) hair, that lip, was in a motorcycle accident, collaborated with Alice Cooper (on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Temptation ''The Last Temptation''], a 1994 "concept" album), &c &c. And here's the kicker: Chris often uses the [http://www.mesaboogie.com/Product_Info/Out_of%20_Production/V-Twin/v-twin.html Mesa Boogie V-Twin Preamp] which, by the way, has rubber tires, er, I mean, feet. So, in this context, I think Cornell's a good bet. And check the V-Twin logo which riffs off the Harley-Davidson logo. And, hey, this Cooper sings, writes songs and plays the guitar!

'''V-twin with white rubber tires''' 
A V-twin is a two cylinder internal combustion engine where the cylinders are arranged in a V configuration, most often seen in motorcycles. The first motorcycles available for purchase were made in 1894 by Hildebrand & Wolfmüller, but the V-twin layout did not come to market until ca. 1902 (Zedel, Switzerland). The first U.S. V-twin was apparently made by [http://www.ianchadwick.com/motorcycles/triumph/time01.html Indian] (1903). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harley_Davidson Harley-Davidson] got a V-twin motor into production in 1910 or 1911 (prototype 1907).

:More to the point, it's ''also'' a rocking preamp and stompbox, as noted above. A great example of Pynchon's setting up multiple resonances with names, here having "V-Twin" do multiple-duty as a guitar preamp, a motorcyle, twinning/doubling, and his ubiquitous V's.

'''notes... rang like schoolbells''' 
Recalls the lyrics from the famous 1958 Chuck Berry song, "Johnny B. Goode": "But he could play the guitar just like a-ringin' a bell."

'''"the music, which now and then found strange notes added into the guitar chords, as though Cooper had hit between the wrong frets, only somehow it sounded right."''' 
In Pynchon's first novel, [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_2#sphere ''V.''], saxophonist McClintic Sphere played "all the notes Bird missed" which itself was a nod to jazz saxophonist Ornette Coleman whose raw, highly vocalized sound and penchant for playing "in the cracks" of the scale led many Los Angeles jazz musicians to regard his playing as out-of-tune." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornette_Coleman]

==Page 203==

'''Cooper, cont'd'''

If Cooper ''is'' meant as some kind of parallel of Pynchon, note that Cooper waits "for faces there, or a particular face, to be drawn by the music," and one is-- Sage, who exits the house wearing gray and puts her arm up Cooper's sleeve. Could this be Pynchon's loving memory of meeting his wife?

This is all far too tenous and speculative, surely?

==Page 204==

'''Linnet Dawes''' 
The linnet is ''Carpodacus mexicanus,'' most often called house finch. The species originated in the western U.S. but got spread through the east as a result of releases by bird smugglers. Also a European finch. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnet Wikipedia]

So far we have women as a wren and as a finch.

She is named for two birds. The daw or jackdaw is an Old World bird somewhat resembling the crow in appearance and the grackle in behavior.

Jackdaw in Czech is "Kafka" --[[User:jackmw|jackmw]] 18:28, 04 April 2007 (PST)

'''reading the ''Police Gazette'' or, actually, looking at the pictures''' 
[http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1330925 The ''National Police Gazette''] (published 1848-1980s) was the biggest men's magazine in the U.S. at the turn of the century, selling some 150,000 copies. Printed on pink paper, it contained sports reporting as well as crime stories, often with drawings of rumpled female victims. Photos of burlesque performers were a regular feature by the time of the action.

==Page 205==

'''against the daylight''' 
A direct example of ''against the day'' as ''against the light''. Significantly, Frank's attempt to discern Stray's true facial expression is thwarted by the daylight behind her. An object positioned against the daylight, or, in general, between an observer and a light source, is shadowed or silhouetted -- in Pynchon's words of the same sentence, "veiled by its own penumbra". This is suggestive of the idea that light does not always illuminate.

This is also an echo of the 'dorsal finality' framing of Constance Penhallow in Hunter's portrait back in Iceland.

'''"faro boxes"''' 
Card game with anti-cheating mechanism that can be fixed. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faro_(card_game) Wikipedia.] In fact, faro was a big moneymaker—for the house—because rigging the shoe or box was so common.

'''ol' Buck-the-Tiger''' 
"Bucking the tiger" is an old euphemism for playing faro. [http://www.bcvc.net/faro/history.htm bcvc.net]

==Page 206==

'''soul-to-soul''' and '''down Mexico way''' 
Possible allusions to blues-rock guitarists Stevie Ray Vaughan and Jimi Hendrix, respectively. The first phrase was the title of a Vaughan album and the second is a phrase used in the song "Hey Joe," most famously recorded by Hendrix.

Pynchon must be laughing his tits off at some of this stuff. "Soul to soul" and "down Mexico way" are just expressions - that's how they found their way into songs. TRP is a bright guy and if he'd wanted for some reason to allude to Stevie Ray and Jimi at this particular point (why, for god's sake?) he'd have found a more satisfying way of doing it.

'''everything . . . proceeded down Mexico way''' 
A triple metaphor: (3) to proceed to Mexico from Colorado, you go south. (2) "Go south" evokes "Go west." (1) To go west is an expression from the World War meaning to die. 
The vast system of trenches in the war ran mainly north and south, with the Allies on the west. Going west meant getting finally withdrawn from the never-ending trench war. Soldiers would later say "go home in a bag." [http://www.worldwar1.com/heritage/wordswar.htm ''Gone west'' for "dead"] apparently predates ''gone south'' by a little. 
[http://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_board/26/messages/584.html ''Gone south'' for "deteriorated"] is influenced by the preceding but also relies on customary map orientation: south = down. 
So ''everything proceeded down Mexico way'' means it all came undone, turned to disaster.

'''both sounders and inkers''' 
Two types of telegraph machine. Inkers turn telegraph signals into marks along long ribbons of paper, while sounders only made sounds through a speaker, requiring a human to write down the message.

'''one day it rang while Reef happened to be right next to it''' 
Someone who knew Pynchon in the 60s described their final meeting in the article, [http://theaesthetic.com/NewFiles/pynchon.html Thomas Pynchon and the South Bay]: "I was walking down the street and he was walking toward me. Our paths crossed right in front of a pay phone, our eyes met and we recognized each other. I asked how he was and at that moment the telephone rang. He looked at me and looked at the phone, then turned around and ran down the street, and I never saw him again."

At the 70s pot-commune 'The Farm' in Tennessee, their first phone system (called 'Beatnik Bell') was legendary for working this way (by ESP). [http://www.thefarm.org/lifestyle/albertbates/akbp1b.html more]

'''a turbulent bath of noise that could have been fragments of speech or music surged along the lines''' 
A possible imagistic allusion to the work of Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver, specifically their 1948 book ''A Mathematical Theory of Communication''. Shannon and Weaver were engineers working for Bell Systems who posited that information traffic through telephone systems could best be described in mathematical terms normally reserved for the flow of ''turbulent fluids''. Their work, along with that of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Wiener Norbert Wiener], founds the basis of the American branch of information theory. Wikipedia citations for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Shannon Shannon] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Weaver Weaver], and for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_theory information theory].

We know from the introduction to ''Slow Learner'' that Pynchon read (some--two books mentioned) Norbert Wiener while still in college.

==Page 207==

'''"Bob Meldrum"''' 
1920s outlaw. [http://www.museumnwco.org/lookBackArticle.php?lookBackID=35 cite]

'''Jeshimon''' 
Jeshimon is typically rendered from Hebrew as desert or wasteland. It appears in the Bible, 1 Samuel 26:1, "And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon?"

Apparently not the name of a real town. Utahans are known to name towns with words from scripture, though. In the Mormon book of 1 Nephi, the patriarch Lehi is reported to have migrated with his family through a wilderness. D. Kelly Ogden ("Answering the Lord's Call," ''Studies in Scripture,'' vol. 7, Salt Lake, Deseret Book, 1987) notes that the remotest kind of wilderness would have been called jeshimon. In ''God and the American Writer,'' Alfred Kazin quotes the Puritan preacher Increase Mather (in "The Mystery of Israel's Salvation") as saying, "God hath led us into a wilderness, and surely it was not because the Lord hated us but because he loved us that he brought us hither into this Jeshimon." He may, however, have been referring to Massachusetts.

There seem to be differences between commentators as to whether Jeshimon refers to a specific place or not (although the broad consensus is that it doesn't, but see for instance [http://net.bible.org/dictionary.php?word=Jeshimon NetBible]). So Jeshimon may or may not be an actual place but is certainly not pleasant to be in, befitting the mysterious, anarchic town of death in AtD

==Page 208==
'''Mortalidad''' 
Spanish for mortality.

==Page 209==

'''"every telegraph pole had a corpse hanging from it"''' 
very reminiscent of the heads on poles in Conrad's Heart of Darkness, an important text for GR.... "worst town Reef ever rode into". And the Belgian Congo, the setting for most of Conrad's novella, is mentioned in "AtD" in terms of the cruelty and exploitation of colonialism. The image of the corpses on telegraph-poles reminds me of a similar image in Stephen King's "The Stand".

'''Towers of Silence''' 
The Towers of Silence (also dakhma or dokhma or doongerwadi) are circular raised structures used by Zoroastrians for exposure of the dead. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towers_of_Silence Wikipedia]

==Page 210==

'''leave it to hang there by its one foot''' 
The Governor shoots malefactors, then exposes them in this way, which calls to mind the Hanged Man in the Tarot deck.

'''Second Lutheran (Missouri Synod) Church''' 
A small town with ''two'' LCMS congregations really is covered up with churches. The Lutheran Church Missouri Synod is a traditionalist body with no bishops. Its heritage is strongly German, and half its members today live in the Upper Midwest.

'''more churches here than saloons''' 
A comment on the utility of organized religion in maintaining civilization.

All those churches don't seem to have much effect on civilization...--[[User:Kirkm|Kirkm]] 02:17, 24 February 2007 (PST)

'''accommodations''' 
Decent burial.

'''subornation''' 
The act of inducing (a person) to commit an unlawful or evil act.

Reef learns that for a price even the "laws" here can be bent.

== Page 211 ==

'''arnophilia''' 
A word invented by Pynchon. According to this [http://www.basarchive.org/sample/bswbBrowse.asp?PubID=BSBR&Volume=19&Issue=6&ArticleID=5 website] the greek word ''arnos'' generally refers to a lamb or sheep, but occasionally to a goat, too. Suffixes with the common part -phil- (-phile, -philia, -philic) are used to specify some kind of attraction or affinity to something, in particular the love or obsession with something. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-phil- Wikipedia]

Given Pynchon's penchant for low humor, this is also likely to be a reference to a very old joke: Salesman blows into remote Western town, asks bartender, "What do you do for, um, amusement hereabouts?" Bartender says "We fuck sheep". Salesman after a few days finds a sheepfold and soon finds himself surrounded by(in different versions) (1)laughing locals, who say "You picked an ugly one" (2) deputies, who arrest him saying "That's the Sheriff's girl". This joke was ancient when I heard it in the late 1950s.

Also recalls the episode with Gene Wilder as Dr Ross who falls in love with a sheep in Woody Allen's ''Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask)'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_You_Always_Wanted_to_Know_About_Sex*_(*But_Were_Afraid_to_Ask)_(film) wikipedia] [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0068555/ imdb]

'''Lourdes''' 
city in France of Blessed Virgin appearances in the late 1800s to a youth and supposed miraculous cures since. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lourdes Wikipedia entry]

'''a kind of winged God''' 
in various depictions, Satan appears as an angel/godlike-creature with huge wings. One of the most famous examples would be Milton's "Paradise Lost", especially Books 1 and 2.

Also, Satan is depicted as winged in the Rider-Waite Tarot

==Page 212==

'''The upside down star''' 
The upside down star, also known as the ''inverted pentagram,'' (with "two horns exalted"), is an emblem of the Devil.

In ''Mason and Dixon,'' the upside-down star is a symbol of two things that are connected: 1) when M&D are trying to find true north, they look at stars in their telescope to measure when they reach the peak of their arc arcoss the sky. In the telescope the star is upside down. Thus, upside down stars symbolize points which cut through distortion. 2) The star is seen again and again on rifles of both Dutch and American design. They pop up around slavery, a massacre, and an Iron refinery used for making impliments of slavery and war. The rifle is much like a telescope, but differs in that it shoots lead rather then huge sweaping cuts across the landscape. But they are both acts that are branded by evil.

'''apelike trudge''' 
If you suspect someone is the devil, you watch their gait. Cloven hooves inside his boots?

Plus, surely it can't remain unmentioned, this a spot-on piss-take of George 'Dubya' Bush, leader of the Free World (versus the 'Evildoers'), and a former execution-loving Governor.

'''Flagg''' 
In several Stephen King novels, including The Stand, Randall Flagg is an evil antichrist-like character.

Also, in The Stand, the character Flagg sometimes manifests himself as a weasel.

==Page 213==

'''''Quieres un cloque''''' 
Spanish: You want a grapple.

'''dusk's reassembly of the broken day''' 
Broken by heat, reassembled as it cools. Or, dusk
bringing darkness, night--"it's always night"--after
another broken day...another 'against the day' allusion?

==Page 214==

'''stole a horse''' 
Reef probably he left in such a hurry, rapelling down "the blood-red wall", that he did not try to find his own horse or felt the Marshall might have gotten to it. Possibly, but unlikely, that TRP 'forgot' about the horse Reef came in on. 
He traveled to Mortalidad by train and must have rented a horse to get to Jeshimon.

'''the McElmo''' 
Watershed territory in Utah and Colorado.

'''an ancient people whose name no one knew''' 
No one knows what the Anasazi or ancient pueblo people called themselves. The name Anasazi is Navaho, ''anaasázi'': enemy ancestors, but most Anglos think it means something like "ancient ones."

'''shouldn't somebody ought to carry on the family business—you might say, become the Kid?''' 
The comic strip ''The Phantom'' stars something like the 22nd inheritor of his family business. The Queen of England is another parallel.

'''"Each explosion was like the text of another sermon"''' 
Cf. "That gun will replace your tongue, and your poetry will be now written with blood" - Nobody towards William Blake, from 1995 movie ''Dead Man'' by Jim Jarmusch ([http://imdb.com/title/tt0112817/ IMDb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Man Wikipedia])

'''voice of the thunder''' 
Twelfth Song of the Thunder

The voice that beautifies the land!
The voice above,
The voice of the thunder
Within the dark cloud
Again and again it sounds,
The voice that beautifies the land.

The voice that beautifies the land!
The voice below,
The voice of the grasshopper
Among the plants
Again and again it sounds,
The voice that beautifies the land.

[From Washington Matthews, The Mountain Chant: A Navajo Ceremony, 1887]

Voice of the Thunder is also the title of a book by Laurens Van der Post
championing the life of the Australian Aborigines.

And the fifth and final section of T S Eliot's poem 'The Waste Land' is entitled "What the Thunder Said".

'''''The Chums of Chance at the Ends of the Earth''''' 
Not to be confused with ''The Chums of Chance in the Bowels of the Earth'', mentioned at the end of Part 1 ([[ATD_97-118#Page_117|page 117]]). The cover illustration suggests that the events in ''Ends of the Earth'' follow ''Bowels'' directly.

'''[the book], already dog-eared" 
A contributor has mentioned a possible connection to Pugnax, but Pugnax was a neat reader, unlike Reef.
The book was "dog-eared" when Reef got it and I think the connection is to the word and the meaning of reading dogs like Pugnax and the one in Mason & Dixon.

Or, simply, that the book was dog-eared. (One doesn't always need to create connections where they may not exist.) --[[User:Kirkm|Kirkm]] 02:27, 24 February 2007 (PST)

==Page 215==

[[image:bridalveilfalls.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Bridal Veil Falls (c) [http://www.stevegarufi.com/bridal-veil-falls-colorado.htm ColoradoGuy.com]]]

'''"running a game of chance without a license" 
The use of the word 'chance' here is probably no accident. Perhaps this implies that only the Chums of Chance can run a game of chance? Only the author of the Chums books has "[poetic] license? Cf. 'Great Game'and chance.

Or it is simply a game of chance (ie, gambling).

:It seems to be simply tapping on the irony that Reef's being busted for running an unlicensed game of chance is what leads him to discovering a book about the Chums of Chance. Does he just discover the book on the floor of the cell? Ha. [[User:Greenlantern|Greenlantern]] 17:21, 28 February 2007 (PST)

'''North Cape and Franz Josef Land''' 
North Cape, Norway, is one of the northernmost points of Europe. Franz Josef Land is an archipelago in the Arctic Circle that was discovered in 1873 by Austrian polar explorers and named in honour of the Austrian emperor Franz Joseph I. Today it belongs to Russia.

'''While reading, "he enjoyed a sort of dual existence"''' 
Spar and splitting theme? Pynchon on fiction and readers of? The magic of reading fiction and how it can transport you to other worlds?

Much like the boy Bastian in mid-80's children's fantasy film ''The Neverending Story'' [http://imdb.com/title/tt0088323/ IMdb entry]

'''he thought he saw something familiar''' 
Sensitized by the (cleverly planted?) book, he sees ''Inconvenience'' conducting surveillance.

'''Sleeping Ute''' 
Ute or Sleeping Ute Mountain is near Cortez.

'''Bridal Veil Falls''' 
Waterfall near Telluride, Colorado. At 431 feet, Bridal Veil Falls is Colorado's tallest. The historic structure between the two falls is the former Smuggler-Union hydroelectric plant, which provided Telluride's electricity from 1904 until 1954. [http://www.jeffblaylock.com/window/2004/06/bridal_veil_fal/index.php source]

==Page 216==

'''"Just greasy ashes by the trailside."''' 
Cf. p. 10, "tall smokestacks unceasingly vomiting black grease-smoke."

'''disrespect''' 
Corruption setting in?

'''Joe Hill''' 
1879-1915, immigrant from Sweden, labor organizer and Wobbly ideologue, executed (after being framed) in Utah. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Hill See the Wikipedia article.]

 Note that this is probably an anachronism. Franklin Rosemont's book on Joe Hill quotes a friend of Hill's, Alexander MacKay, stating he was "pretty damn positive" Joe Hill joined the IWW in 1910. [p. 46 of "Joe Hill - The IWW and the Making of a Revolutionary Working Class Counterculture".] The IWW wasn't even formed until 1905.

==Page 217==

'''in country you don't know how to get back in from''' 
A recurring idea, that you can go somewhere and not be able to get back.

'''Confederate Colt''' 
Webb's Uncle Fletcher's revolver; [[ATD_81-96#Page_88|see annotations to page 88,]] where it is first mentioned.

==Page 218==

'''God . . . laying on tells''' 
"Tell" is poker slang for any signal a player gives that other players can exploit.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 119-148

2008-07-31T10:59:35Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 122 */ typo

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 121==

'''flying bridge''' 
On an ordinary aquatic ship, the flying bridge is an open deck atop the pilothouse for navigating in good weather. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_bridge [Wikipedia]]

'''to measure and map . . . that mysterious mathematical lattice-work''' 
A big research area in satellite and earth sciences. For example, if you know to utmost accuracy how gravity varies in near-Earth space, you can predict the orbits of satellites used for navigation and positioning (i.e., GPS). AtD is interested in Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry throughout, as well as in electromagnetic fields, topology and mapping. How does one world, one reality "map" onto another? Do they "double"? In what ways do they intersect?

'''"Ray-rush"''' 
Cf contemporary telecom bandwidth auctions. "Ray-rush" as "Gold-rush"

'''here at the high edge of the atmosphere''' 
Odd phrasing that may mark an allusion to the space race a few decades later.

'''obscure feelings of dread''' 
Strange lights in the sky, not accompanied by thunder, are a portent—seldom of anything good on the way.

==Page 122==

'''transfiguration unceasing''' 
Not just continuous change, but specifically changes in the observer's face as the colors and intensities shift.

'''iceblink''' 
Lightening of the underside of clouds over ice. A related phenomenon is "water sky," darkening of clouds over water. [http://nsidc.org/arcticmet/basics/phenomena/water_sky.html Photos of both.]

'''souls bound to the planetary lines of force, swept pole to pole''' 
In ''V,'' Mondaugen was stationed in South Africa to record "sferics" or "whistlers," a form of radio interference due to charged particles traveling along Earth's lines of magnetic force. Here, the planet being hollow, the field may be continuous, north-south on the outside and then south-north on the inside, and the lines may represent some other, nonmagnetic field. Note the link here to the mysterious lattice-work on p. 121 above.

'''manœuvring''' 
British spelling; U.S. ''maneuvering.''

'''dazzle-painting''' 
A camouflage painting technique used on WWI ships.[http://www.gotouring.com/razzledazzle/articles/dazzle.html].

'''intelligence centers on the surface such as the Inter-Group Laboratory for Opticomagnetic Observation (I.G.L.O.O.), a radiational clearing-house in Northern Alaska''' 
Perhaps a reference to the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) site in Gakonka, AK, which is ostensibly engaged in ionospheric research [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haarp (Wikipedia entry)]. Also suggestive of the ECHELON network [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECHELON (Wikipedia entry)], comprising a number of signals intelligence sites, which are capable of intercepting a wide variety of communications signals throughout the world. Also, Pynchon often creates humorous or fanciful acronyms: W.A.S.T.E. (''The Crying of Lot 49''), A.C.H.T.U.N.G. (''Gravity's Rainbow''), etc.

'''Lloyd's of the high spectrum [...] the next fateful Lutine announcement.''' The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutine HMS Lutine] (Lutine translates as "the tease") was a ship commissioned in the French Royal Navy which was later given to the English Royal Navy during the Revolution. In 1799 she sank in the North Sea while blockading Holland; her hold was full of gold. Lloyd's of London, an independent insurance market still known for being willing to assume large insurance risks for the right price, had insured the gold, and paid the claim in full, acquiring nominal ownership of the still-unsalvaged cargo. The ship's bell was recovered in the mid-19th century and hangs to this day in the Underwriting Room at Lloyd's. For many years the Lutine Bell was struck to announce news of an overdue ship: once if lost, twice if reported safe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd's_of_London#Miscellaneous [Wikipedia]]

'''last eclipse''' 
Possibly Pike's Peak, 1878? [http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEhistory/SEhistory.html (partial table)]

==Page 123==

'''lookout telegraph''' 
Instead of attaching Pugnax's tail directly to a hammer that hits the gong, the gong is struck remotely via a telegraph line.

'''Igor Padzhitnoff''' 
The whole passage that introduces the rival airship captain is a play on Tetris. Igor's surname is similar to that of the creator of Tetris, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexey_Pazhitnov Alexey Pazhitnov]. Also, the captain himself serves "a program of mischief", flies a ship called "The Great Game" and drops "bricks and masonry, always in the four-block fragments which had become his "signature," to fall on and damage targets designated by his superiors."

The term 'Great Game' also refers to the intense geopolitical rivalry between the English and Russian empires over control of Central Asia during the whole of the 19th century [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Game Wikipedia]. The period of this Great Game is thought to have ended in 1907, about the time of the book. The constant appearance of the Russians wherever the Chums go would appear to play on both this and on the coming Cold War conflict. The equation of all of these with Tetris suggests a common theme in all three 'non-violent' conflicts.

Additionally, the name Padzhitnoff sounds like ‘pads hitting off’ which in cricketing parlance describes a batsman being dismissed ‘Leg Before Wicket’ (or LBW). The rules for being given out [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leg_before_wicket LBW] require the umpire to make a subjective decision about whether the ball would have travelled onto the stumps after hitting the batsman. Due to this inherent element of uncertainty LBW dismissals are a constant source of disagreement between players, umpires, and fans.

'''''Ice Pirates''''' 
This turn of phrase echoes the spoof [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087451/ movie] of camraderie and dangerous "space herpes" that was released in 1984. There's no textual evidence that Pynchon means to refer to the movie, but the satirical humor and outlandish situations presented in the film might be attractive to someone with his sensibilities.

'''Tovarishchi Slutchainyi''' 
Tovarishchi translates as comrades; the literal translation of "Slutchainyi" is "accidental", leading to one possible reading of the phrase being: Chums of Chance. 
The phrase "Tovarishchi Slutchainyi" could also mean someone who is friends, but not intentionally, ie: perhaps people who are conscripted into a situation where they are forced to be communal. (Thanks to Anna Zaytseva for the idiomatic help!) 
A third reading is introduced when the homophonic correspondence between the final two syllables of Slutchainyi and Vice-President Cheney's name is noted. (Erhm, this doesn't work: the Russian word is sloo-CHIE-nee.)
:If the name were ''Tovarishchi Sluchainogo'' instead of as in the text, it would mean "Comrades of the Random," an exact parallel to the Chums.

'''trespassing upon their "sky-space" again''' 
A Soviet and Russian preoccupation, encroachment on their airspace by military or civilian flights.

'''nasal dislocation''' 
'Nose out of joint' = offended, feelings hurt.

==Page 124==

'''Getting jump on me''' 
To put on a comic Russian accent, first thing you do is delete all the articles: ''a, an, the.'' Russian has no articles, and some Russian speakers can't get the frightfully complicated rules for using ours.

'''Na sobrat' ya po nebo!''' 
Randolph says "На собратья по небо." What I believe he means to say is
"Наши собратья по небу" or Nashi sobrat'ya po nebu, meaning "Our brothers/comrades of the sky"—perhaps a ritual greeting between the two groups. 
If aeronauts are like pilots, and they are--see ATD early---they feel and state a solidarity with others who fly. 
It is unlikely that Pynchon would make a mistake (the Russian in GR is correct) but Randolph might err. 
:''Much'' of the Russian in ''GR'' is OK, not all, and somebody erred on page 123 when they made ''sluchainyi'' (singular) modify ''tovarishchi'' (plural).

'''all animals . . . had names—bears, wolves, Siberian tigers''' 
Linguists cite Padzhitnoff's error as their favorite example of a taboo. Some time in the remote past, the name of the bear—derived from an Indo-European word like ''arktos'' or ''rktos''—became unspeakable and was replaced, in Russian, by the euphemism "honey-eater": ''medved'.'' It happened so long ago that speakers of the language think this is the native word. Same in English; ours comes from an old word for "brown."

'''That creature, we did not have name for''' 
Well then, how the hell are we supposed to look it up and post it to the wiki?

==Page 125==
'''a ''roman-feuilleton'' by M. Eugène Sue''' 
A ''roman-feuilleton'' or serial novel. Eugène Sue (the "M." is for Monsieur = Mr.) was a French novelist roughly contemporary to Dumas père, with whom he has been compared. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugène_Sue Wikipedia entry on Eugène Sue] Sue's most famous, which used to be a Modern Library title, is ''The Wandering Jew.''

His largest work, Les Mystères de Paris, is noted for its eventful plots and unique characters. Sue could have been called an early-19th-century Pynchon. Sue explored the underworld, and his work was quite sensational. [http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/s#a1186 Link to his works at Gutenberg]

'''into the Zone of Emergency''' 
Both the text and the theme are reminiscent of Slothrop's passage "into the Zone" in GR.

Reading TRP has trained me to look for meaningful acronyms whether they are there or not. Here ZoE, zoë, [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?l=b&p=10 "animal life"] -- and the emergence thereof. Spinning this album backword, we hear "the emergence of the animal" which like all good backward masking, refers to something in the [http://www.ccel.org/bible/phillips/CP27Revelation.htm ''Book of Revelation''.] This section, so titled, seems relevant (revelant): 
: 11:7-10 - ''Then...the animal will come up out of the pit and go to war with them. It will conquer and kill them, and their bodies will lie in the street of the great city...."

'''red as a cursed ruby representing a third eye in the brow of some idol of the incomprehensible''' 
Seems too random to not be a reference to something...Very possibly; under the name T.Lopsang Rampa an Englishman published a thoroughly discredited spiritual autobiography called The Third Eye. The Third Eye, by Englishman Cyril Hoskin, a fantastic (and popular) tale of Tibetan spirit possession published in 1956; included telepathy and more.

In the 1940 version of "The Thief of Bagdad" the boy thief Abu (played by Sabu) must steal a magical "all-seeing eye" (ruby?) from the brow of a massive golden idol in a remote temple, in order to see - as in a crystal ball - the location of the Princess held in thrall by the evil vizier Jaffar.

:The stolen idol's eye as a literary device goes back at least to 1868, when Wilkie Collins invented the modern detective novel in [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/seringapatam/other/moonstone.html ''The Moonstone.''] In 1891, London's Savoy Theatre presented a post-Gilbert and Sullivan operetta called [http://math.boisestate.edu/gas/other_savoy/nautch_girl/nautch_review.html ''The Nautch Girl''] using the same gimmick. And a rather maudlin poem by J. Milton Hayes, [http://ingeb.org/songs/theresae.html "The Green Eye of the Little Yellow God"] (written before 1911), gives it a Kiplingesque treatment.

:And the theft of the idol's eye results in blindness, blindness at the heart of the diamond, and so [[ATD_97-118#Page_109|another ''Moonstone'' resonance.]]

The Hindu god of destruction and transformation, Shiva, "is often depicted with a third eye with which he burned Desire (Kāma) to ashes". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva#Attributes_of_Shiva wiki]

'''Isafjörðr''' 
Town in the Westfjords of Iceland. Often spelled as Isafjörður, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ísafjörður Wikipedia]

'''The "extra man" of Arctic myth''' 

In his footnotes to "The Waste Land", T.S. Eliot glosses the lines:

''Who is the third who walks always beside you?'' 
''When I count, there are only you and I together'' 
''But when I look ahead up the white road'' 
''There is always another one walking beside you'' 

with:

"The following lines were stimulated by the account of one of the Antarctic expeditions (I forget which, but I think one of Shackleton's): it was related that the party of explorers, at the extremity of their strength, had the constant delusion that there was one more member than could actually be counted." [http://www.infoplease.com/t/lit/wasteland/thunder.html]

See also [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/shackletonexped/dispatches/19991110.html NOVA Online: Shackleton's Antarctic Odyssey]
"Shackleton, for his part, attributed their astonishing success to something else: 'I know that during that long and racking march of 36 hours over the unnamed mountains and glaciers of South Georgia, it seemed to me often that we were four, not three.' Worsley and Crean, uncannily, felt the same. When T. S. Eliot read Shackleton's account, he was inspired to write the passage at the head of this dispatch."

'''the true face''' 
Possible variant on Taoism's "The Tao that can be spoken of is not the true Tao" [http://catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/T/the-X-that-can-be-Y-is-not-the-true-X.html [cf]] 
Or -- the Zen koan regarding one's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_face Original Face]: "What did your face look like before your parents were born?"

'''bonzoline''' 
Ivory substitute made from celluloid, used for billiard balls. [http://www.oedilf.com/db/Lim.php?Word=bonzoline [cite]]

==Page 126==
'''inukshuk''' 
An inukshuk is a stone landmark used as a milestone or directional marker by the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic. The Arctic Circle, dominated by permafrost, has few natural landmarks and thus the inuksuk was central to navigation across the barren tundra. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inukshuk Wikipedia entry on Inukshuk]

'''a truth beyond the secular''' 
Pynchon's use of the word "secular" is unusual. He previously had the Chums striving "to minimize contamination of the secular" on [[ATD_97-118#Page_113|page 113]], and here the Chums try to glimpse "some expression of a truth beyond the secular." Neither of these statements makes much sense with the normal definitions in use today for "secular"-- what could this mean?
: I think it is likely that secular means quotidian, "of the day", visible, as opposed to the invisible and mysterious which pervades ATD.
:Yes, that is a good extension of the original meaning: of the ages, of an age—as opposed to "eternal."

'''Étienne-Louis Malus''' 
See [[ATD_97-118#Page_114|page 114]].

'''The ''Étienne-Louis Malus''''' 
The level of detail in the description suggests Pynchon wrote it while looking at a photo.

'''Iceland spar''' 
A crystalline form of calcite; see [[ATD_97-118#Page_114|annotations to page 114]] and the fuller entry [[I|under "I" in the alpha index]]. In truth, the links in these wiki entries make [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcite Wikipedia] look lame.

'''Luxembourg Palace''' 
In Paris; now the seat of the French Senate.

'''376 feet, 6 inches''' 
The same length as the WWII-era [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_class_destroyer Fletcher Class Destroyer].

'''to the coasts of "Iceland," to the inhabited cliffs of ice''' 
The quotation marks suggest a place with this nickname, not Iceland. And sure enough, the Icelanders live in unglaciated lowlands, not cliffs in the ice.

'''They passed around rumors--the Captain was insane again, ice-pirates were hunting the ''Malus'' like whalers...''' 
This phrase seems evocative of ''Moby Dick'', not only in the intimation that the Captain might be insane and the rumors that might result, but also with the explicit references to "whalers" in the subsequent clause, "the subtle insanity of Ahab." ''Moby Dick'' of course contains many scenes when two whaling ships come together to exchange messages. Chapter 131, "The Pequod Meets the Delight," features particularly sinister omens. It is safe to say, however, that none of the captains who meets Ahab quite resembles Padzhitnoff or has a "signature" resembling the game of Tetris! Pynchon once again lightly tweaks the "line" linking his body of work to Melville's. ([[ATD_57-80#Page_73|page 73]])

==Page 127==

'''Constance Penhallow''' 
Hallow: to set apart as holy, to honor greatly. Her name then pairs the virtue of constancy with honoring the pen. Note also that her grandson, mentioned a few lines below, is named Hunter and is an artist--In the hunt for the consecrated pen.

Alternatively, the prefix ''pen-'' is Gaelic for ''head, principal,'' or ''chief,'' in which case the name would mean "Holiest." It is also Latin for ''nearly, almost'' (as in "penultimate" or "peninsula"), rendering the name "nearly holy." Given the Nordic origin of the Penhallow family, and the Germanic etymology of "hallow," the Gaelic prefix may be more likely. On the other hand, the Latinate prefix suggests the state of preterition -- not quite holy and perhaps not saved...

I don't see "Nordic" (although their fortune is derived from Nordic commerce). The prefix ''Pen-'' in a surname marks the family as Cornish in origin.

'''another remembered country''' 
The description of the scene suggests England or more specifically Cornwall, but who is remembering it? Constance lives in an "ancestral" home and Hunter apparently has not been away from there. It's an iconic background Hunter has painted into the scene; see the next entry.

'''walled garden''' 
In the Christian iconographic traditions of the Medieval and Renaissance periods, a walled garden, or ''hortus conclusus'' signified both/either the Garden of Eden and/or Mary's virginity.

'''Harald the Ruthless''' 
Harald III Sigurdsson (1015 – September 25, 1066), later surnamed Harald Hardråde (meaning ruthless) was the king of Norway from 1047 until 1066. Harald was the last great Viking king of Norway and his invasion of England and death at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066 proved a true watershed moment. It marked the end of the Viking age. In Norway, Harald's death also marked the beginning of the Christian era. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_III_of_Norway Wikipedia entry on Harald the Ruthless]

'''Ginnungagap''' 
In Norse mythology, Ginnungagap ("seeming emptiness" or "gaping gap") was a vast chasm that existed before the ordering of the world. To the north of Ginnungagap lay the intense cold of Niflheim, to the south the insufferable heat of Muspelheim. At the beginning of time, the two met in the Ginnungagap; and where the heat met the frost, the frost drops melted and formed the substance eitr, which quickened into life in the form of the giant Ymir, the father of all Frost giants. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginnungagap Wikipedia entry on Ginnungagap]

Ginnungagap seems a Norse counterpart to the Indian Akasa. 
''Eitr'' has no linguistic tie to ''aether'' -- but the two words have phonetic resonance. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eitr Eitr] means "poison" or specifically "snake poison."

'''inexplicable desire . . . about desire, and the forsaking of desire''' 
When Pynchon uses the word "desire" it always has some special urgency. Harald feels driven to enter Ginnungagap but draws back without fulfilling his desire.

==Page 128==

'''So relates Adam of Bremen in the ''Historia Hammaburgensis Ecclesiæ''''' 
The references to [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Adam_of_Bremen Adam of Bremen] and [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Harald_III Harald the Ruthless] may be "softer" than many appropriations of history in ''AtD.'' Or another way to characterize them may be "bolder." Adam (d. ca. 1085) was a learned churchman who wrote a history called ''Gesta hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum'' (Acts of the Archbishops of the Hamburg Church) or ''Historia ecclesiastica'' (Church History). In the fourth book, ''Descriptio insularum aquilonum'' (Description of the Islands of the North), Adam writes about the expedition mentioned in the text and another voyage to the northern seas.

The indented paragraphs below are based on ''History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen,'' translated by F.J. Tschan from the ''Historia'' and published in 1959 by Columbia University Press. Extracts are paraphrased except where identified by quotation marks.

:From Book IV, chapter xxxix (pp. 219-220 in Tschan): Past [i.e., north of?] Vinland there is no habitable land in the ocean, only impassable ice and darkness. Frozen sea is encountered one day's sail to the north. The Norwegian prince Harald took several ships to explore the northern realm. Finally they saw the murky boundaries of "a failing world." Harald turned around and did not fall into the bottomless pit.

:From the next chapters, IV, xl-xli (220-221 in Tschan): A number of ships sailed from the coast of Frisia, landing in Iceland and then proceeding northward. Reaching the limits of the known islands, they commended their fate to God and St. Willehad and continued into an all-obscuring mist. They were picked up by a current of the "fluctuating" ocean and whirled around a great chasm that sucks in the sea and then vomits it forth again. Some ships were lost but others saved themselves by rowing against the flow. The voyagers came to an island encircled by high cliffs where men lived in underground caves. They collected great treasure of gold and silver that lay in front of the caves, then were chased from the island by giants with enormous hounds. A safe return to Bremen ended the exploration.

What the mariners reported is some medium-scale phenomenon, big enough to seize a ship. It might be a tidal or current vortex. In a footnote to chapter xl, the translator says there is a big whirlpool (the ''Eis'') off the east coast of Greenland. The original Maelstrom (look further down this page) is a zone of current shears and eddies off the west coast of Norway. We might also suspect a violent tidal rush, as in the Bay of Fundy. There are enough candidates out there to promote Adam's version from fabulous to plausible, at any rate.

The key point, however, is that Ginnungagap and Harald's epiphany about desire are ''not'' related by Adam but read/written into his account.

'''water-sky''' 
Darkening of the underside of clouds over water; [http://nsidc.org/arcticmet/basics/phenomena/water_sky.html photos of water-sky and iceblink.]

'''drawn into another, toroidal dispensation''' 
"Dispensation" refers to a scheme under which God carries out his purposes toward men, or to a providential event affecting men and involving either mercy or judgment. [http://www.calvarysbd.com/terms.htm#D Slightly fuller definition.] "Toroidal" means donut-shaped.

A toroidal dispensation then is a scheme of universal management involving a donut shape. A huge whirlpool, in short: a ''maelstrom.''

[http://www.math.uio.no/maelstrom/ ''The'' Maelstrom] is a complicated system of currents and eddies off the coast of Norway, a frightful hazard to navigators that has become an icon for the vortex or whirlpool.

'''Bay of Röerford''' 
Does not seem to exist, at least with this spelling. 
A Google hit seems to confirm that the scientist Rasmus or Erasmus Bartholin studied calcite from the Bay of Roerford or Röerford, possibly in Denmark, but the link leads only to a summary, not full text.

The spelling Roerfjord is an old Danish or Norwegian variant of the Icelandic Reydarfjord. On the shores of Reydarfjord Bay lies Helgustadir, the site of the Iceland spar mine for centuries - in Bartholin's day thought to be the only source of Iceland spar.

'''southward to that region of sailors' yarns and oddities unconfirmed''' 
Clever inversion. To these people of the north, it's our familiar temperate seas that contain the marvels: porpoises, sargasso weed, year-round harbors.

'''Hunter Penhallow''' 
See above, Constance Penhallow. 
By the way, Penhallow is pronounced in a way that's very close to the italian "pennello" which means "paintbrush": quite appropriate for a painter!

'''lower-eighties''' 
Latitudes from 80N to 85N (mainly Ellesmere Island). [http://www.athropolis.com/map2.htm [map]] 
You would think that, but the text refers to people with "lower-eighties accents," and virtually no scientist comes from these latitudes (to say nothing of alienists). Could it have to do with 80th to 85th Streets? The expedition does appear to sail from New York.

'''love''' 
The word is rare in Pynchon's work. Here it is linked to separation, the human theme of the novel.

==Page 129==

'''shakes''' 
[http://www.houstonremodeling.com/glossary/glossary_s.htm Shingles made by splitting a wood such as cedar along the grain.]

'''Meat Olaf''' 
Anagram.
:As a lesson on the dangers of over-interpretation: I asked a Norwegian friend whether this is truly a Norwegian dish, to which he replied "no," making me feel stupid. [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]]

:It is however the case that a popular Norwegian (and Norwegian-American) dish is lutefisk, an awful concoction unimaginable to those of us who enjoy fresh seafood, which is a sort of "fish loaf." For a funny description of an American attempt to eat it, see [http://www.ecst.csuchico.edu/~atman/ic/lutefisk.html].

'''''¡Cuidado Cabrón! Salsa Explosiva La Original''''' 
Cabrón is an offensive word in Spanish meaning a guy who is an asshole/dick/cuckold, but friends can also call each other Cabrón in a joking manner. So, ''Watch-Out, Fucker! The Original Explosive Sauce''.
:There appears, in "''Explosiva La Original''," to be a suggestion of an originary explosion, i.e. the Big Bang.

==Page 130==

'''separated . . . by only the thinnest of membranes''' 
An excellent book, ''The Mind in the Cave,'' by David Lewis-Williams, explores the idea that the partition between worlds is thick most everywhere but thin in special places, allowing the spiritual journeyer (e.g., the shaman) to make an easy crossing. Superstitions about veils, including [[ATD_119-148#Page_140|human cauls,]] make similar claims about what separates the natural and supernatural worlds. Shifts from one world to another figure at several places in ''AtD''; [[ATD_1-25#Page_9|see for example the dialog on p. 9,]] "Another 'surface,' but an earthly one."

'''until the phrase no longer had meaning''' 
This contributor took part in creating a work of radio conceptual art called ''Knob.'' A reader spoke the word "knob" onto a tape, which was then looped so that it repeated every 3-4 seconds. After a few dozen repetitions, the listener could not associate any meaning with the word; after the full half-hour, few could stand without assistance.

'''the force of a Tibetan prayer wheel''' 
Pynchon is slightly confused here. When spinning a Tibetan prayer wheel, you don't recite any prayers or mantras. The prayer wheel contains rolls of paper imprinted with the Om Mani Padme Hum mantra, but it is believed that the spinning of the wheel has the same effect as reciting that mantra; the more one recites the mantra, the closer one can get to enlightenment. So here, it would be more correct to say something along the lines of "the force of a mantra" rather than a Tibetan prayer wheel, since the characters are reciting the name of the salsa. [http://www.dharma-haven.org/tibetan/prayer-wheel.htm More on Tibetan prayer wheels]

'''Tsangpo-Brahmaputra country''' 
The Yarlung Tsangpo/Brahmaputra river drains a large portion of the eastern Himalaya and southern Tibetan plateau as well as the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, one of the most tectonically active areas of the globe.

'''Candlebrow University''' 
A fictional institute, created in the tradition of Lovecraft's Miskatonic University.

[[image:ex-voti-isernia.jpg|thumb|175px|''Ex Voti'' of Wax, from Isernia|right]]What ''is'' a "candlebrow"? Consider those [[St. Cosmo|phallic ''ex voti'' candles offered up to St. Cosmo]]. The head of the candle-phallus, brow shaped, sits atop the cylindrical candle-shaft and is, metaphorically, the candle's brow. And, natch, Gideon Candlebrow made the bucks necessary to fund Candlebrow U. with the miracle product "Smegmo," the "Messiah of kitchen fats" (Imperial Margarine was advertised as "the King of Margarines") and we all know what [http://www.google.com/search?q=define%3Asmegma&start=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official smegma] is. Also, the Biblical Gideon was associated with Phallus worship which was not considered at all shocking back in the day. When Gideon was asked by the Israelites to rule over them, he demurred stating that Yahveh shall rule over them, and he called on the people for all their golden ornaments, and of these be made the golden ephod (conventionally viewed as a priestly apron; controversially viewed as a phallus). The ephod was thus Yahveh or his idol. [http://kspark.kaist.ac.kr/Old%20Testament/Sex%20Worship%20and%20Idols.htm] [[The Sexual Angle|More on this...]]

Pynchon consistently calls it Candlebrow '''U.''' instead of simply Candlebrow or Candlebrow University because the letter's ''shape'', like the inverted-vagina shape of the Tetractys, echoes its phallic connotation. Pynchon similarly emphasizes the phallic by using "Dick" Counterfly (''with'' the quotes) instead of simply Dick. Hmmm, Ewball / U-ball?

Or, heck, maybe it's just Pynchon's oblique way of saying "fuck you"...

And, of course, this is all connected with how [[St. Cosmo|that Randy St. Cosmo]] got his name...

'''Quaternions''' 
In mathematics, quaternions are a non-commutative extension of complex numbers. They were first described by the Irish mathematician [[ATD-H#hamilton|Sir William Rowan Hamilton]] in 1843 and applied to mechanics in three-dimensional space. At first, quaternions were regarded as pathological, because they disobeyed the commutative law ab = ba. Although they have been superseded in most applications by vectors, they still find uses in both theoretical and applied mathematics, in particular for calculations involving three-dimensional rotations. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternion Wikipedia entry].

'''Dr. V Ganesh Rao''' 
Ganesha is a Hindu god. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesha Wikipedia]:

"It is widely believed that "Wherever there is Ganesha, there is Success and Prosperity" and "Wherever there is Success and Prosperity there is Ganesha". He is the Lord of Obstacles both of a material and spiritual order.[2] He is capable of placing obstacles in the path of those who need to be checked, and can remove blockages just as easily. By calling on him people believe that he will come to their aid and grant them success in their endeavour. He also is considered the master of intellect and wisdom."

'''Fleetwood Vibe''' 
Fleetwood, like Scarsdale, is a wealthy suburb of New York City. Both communities are located in Westchester County, north of New York City.

'''bucket-shop''' 
Business designed to cheat people. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket_shop [Wikipedia]]

'''Dodge Flannelette''' 
Flannelette is a little washcloth. 
Flannelette is a soft fabric popular (in the UK at least) for pyjamas of a cosy but unsexy kind --[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 10:40, 11 February 2007 (PST)
We have already seen one character with a name similar to an American car: Chevrolette. Two actually: The Cadillac Fleetwood.

'''Harriman... Schiff''' 
Railroad magnate and financier behind Northern Pacific Railroad, c1901. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Railroad [Wikipedia]] [http://www.beardbooks.com/beardbooks/eh_harriman.html Book on Harriman] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._H._Harriman Harriman Wikpedia Entry] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Schiff Schiff Wikipedia Entry]

==Page 131==

'''The Transnoctial Discussion Group''' 
Note that "transnoctial" doesn't mean ''through'' the night, it means ''across'' the night. 
Trans- \Trans-\ [L. trans across, over.]
A prefix, signifying over, beyond, through and through, on the other side, as in transalpine, beyond the Alps;
transform, to form through and through, that is, anew,
transfigure.[1913 Webster]

See annotations to the next page for discussion of the members' names.

Noctial: from a [http://forums.gleemax.com/archive/index.php/t-838215.html Dungeons and Dragons] bulletin board: 

:''When a star is born, it violently tears apart the void that was there before its creation, ripping the nihility into hundreds of pieces and sending them hurtling through space. Occasionally, one finds its way to a planet, where it stays, consuming creatures to fill the unending emptiness inside it. These are noctials, rare but dangerous creatures that usually dwell in the wilderness.''
:''Noctials prefer open environments at night, making use of their Made of Sky ability to blend in with the night sky and drop down on unsuspecting prey. They are reclusive during the day, hiding in caves and other dark places. If it is clear that a noctial will lose a battle, a noctial will, rather than show a sense of self-preservation and flee, instead move to a position where its death throes will hurt its attackers as much as possible.''
:''Made of Sky (Ex): Noctials are made of the blackness between the stars, and so blend in perfectly. If the sun has set and a creature looking at a noctial sees nothing behind it except the sky, the noctial can hold perfectly still and automatically succeed on a Hide check, effectively being invisible to that creature as long as it remains immobile. True Seeing and the like have no effect on this ability.
:''Death Throes (Su): When a noctial dies, it explodes in a manner not unlike that of a dying star. Transforming into a raging inferno of white fire, it deals 4d6 damage to all creatures within 10 feet and 1d6 to all creatures within 20 feet. This will also ignite most flammable material within 20 feet.'' 
:''Ooze traits: Noctials are immune to all mind-affecting effects, poison, sleep effects, paralysis, polymorph, stunning, critical hits, flanking, and all effects relying on sight''. 
:''Incorporeal subtype: All nonmagical weapons miss noctials. All magical attacks have a 50% miss chance, unless they are based on positive energy, negative energy, or force or have Ghost touch. Noctials can partially enter objects, but must always be within 5 feet of the object's exterior. A noctial's attacks pass through natural armor, armor, and shields unless they are force-based (Mage Armor) or have a deflection bonus. They also can't manipulate objects, be grappled, or really interact with matter at all.''

'''"with oceangoing ships we left flat surfaces and went into Riemann space"''' 
One of Riemann's major contributions was the mathematics of manifolds, geometrical constructs that on a local scale appear to have fewer dimensions than they actually occupy. A standard example is the surface of the earth, which locally appears to be flat (2-dimensional), but in fact is curved (3-dimensional). Riemann's differential geometry quantifies the distortion produced by the curve of the surface.

'''first few wingbeats...invasion routes" 
An extraordinary paragraph. ''wingbeats'': in context has a demonic overtone of bats and Rebel Angels. Vormance and Vibe his sponsor here seem more intent on storming Heaven than exploring the artic -- shades of the ''Book of Revelation'' and Milton's ''Paradise Lost''.

'''Outer Hebrides''' 
or Western Isles comprise an island chain off the west coast of Scotland. The population today is only 26,370, and there is no University.

==Page 132==

'''it described the present journey as being taken "at right angles to the flow of time"''' 
Fittingly, as the discussion immediately following makes clear, this means into an imaginary time.

'''Vormance . . . Otto Ghloix . . . a heckler''' 
Members of the Transnoctial Discussion Group are Alden Vormance, V. Ganesh Rao, Dodge Flannelette, Fleetwood Vibe, Templeton Blope, Hastings Throyle, Otto Ghloix, and an extra man (heckler).

Without trying to read too much into the names, consider two parallel discussion groups in stories by the science fiction writer R.A. Lafferty, both collected in ''Nine Hundred Grandmothers'' (1970). "Thus We Frustrate Charlemagne" features Gregory Smirnov, Valery Mok, her husband Charles Cogsworth, a person called Glasser, Aloysius Shiplap, Willy McGilly, Audifax O'Hanlon and Diogenes Pontifex. The brilliant "Narrow Valley" brings in "the eminent scientists, Dr. Velikof Vonk, Arpad Arkabaranan and Willy McGilly. That bunch turns up every time you get on a good one." Vonk, Arkabaranan and McGilly are a stable group with many other credits in Lafferty's fiction. These groups share more than just capricious names with the T.D.G.; the members have a hypothesis ready for any observation, and the hypotheses never agree.

'''an ''additional axis'' whose unit is (-1)¹/²''' 
The usual form of representing a complex number ''z = b + ai'', (see below for explanation) graphically is by presenting its real part, ''b'', along the horizontal real axis and its imaginary part, ''a'', on the vertical imaginary (''additional'') axis of a Cartesian coordinate system. For a graph illustion of [http://www-xray.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jgraham/hypo/h13/images/image118.gif z = 1 + 2i].

'''complex number''' 
The complex number is of the form ''b + ai'', where ''a'' and ''b'' are real numbers and ''i'' is defined as the square root of -1, i.e. ''i'' = (-1)¹/². According to the definition, Cf page 133 Imaginary Number, ''ai'' is an imaginary number. Therefore, a complex number is a sum of real and imaginary numbers. Commonly, one use ''z'' to denote the whole expression ''b + ai'', i.e. ''z = b + ai''. And now ''z'' is called a complex number. Besides ''z'', the letter ''w'' is often used to denote complex numbers.

'''complex variable''' 
In mathematics, a 'variable' is a symbolic representation, usually a letter of the English (such as x and y), Greek or Roman alphabet, denoting an 'unkown' quantity which may vary during the course of calculation or investigation. For example, the speed of a jetliner,''v'', flying from Los Angeles to New York varies during the course of its flight. So,''v'' here is a variable. While 'c', the speed of light, unvaried, is a constant. In the algebraic equation y = ax² + bx + c where a, b and c are constants, x and y are ''variables''. When x and y involve complex numbers, then they are called complex variables.

'''''w'' = exp ''z''''' 
Here ''w'' is a complex-valued function of a complex variable; exp ''z''—written ''ez'' in the text—is a generalization of the exponential function to the base ''e''. The expression ''w'' = exp ''z'' gives the relationship of the independent (complex) variable ''z'' to the dependent (complex) variable ''w'', i.e., mapping ''z'' onto ''w''. This relationship may not be one-to-one.

:Mathematicians, please check this: In general, ''w'' = ''ez'' maps a line in the ''z'' plane to a spiral, not a circle, in the ''w'' plane. In the special case of a line parallel to the real axis, the map is either a line or a ray. In the special case of a line parallel to the imaginary axis, the map is indeed a circle. If this assertion is correct, it plays hob with Prof. Rao's metaphor.

The number ''e'' is the base of the natural logarithm, approximately equals to 2.71828. After ''Pi'', ''e'' is the most important
constant in mathematics. See the popular article about the history, definition and 10,000-place value of [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/e.html ''e''].

'''as Fitzgerald maintained, a shrinkage of dimension''' 
Irish physicist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_FitzGerald George FitzGerald] proposed a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length_contraction contraction of length] parallel to the direction of motion, to explain the negative result of the Michelson-Morley experiment. Quantitavely, the contraction is identical with the one predicted later by Einstein's special theory of relativity.

[http://musr.physics.ubc.ca/~jess/p200/str/str.html Here] is a concise and satisfying discussion of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction in the context of late 19th and early 20th-century physics.

==Page 133==

'''a heckler . . . whom nobody . . . seemed quite able to locate''' 
The [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|Extra Man]] has followed the team indoors. 
Or maybe it is the ''Voice of God'' heckling those who just heckeled him!

'''Ynglingasaga''' 
See also Ynglinga Saga, or the story of the ancient Norse kings. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynglinga_saga Wikipedia entry]

'''''The Book of Iceland Spar''''', '''commonly described as "like the ''Ynglingasaga'' only different"''' 
" 'Thanatoid' means 'like death, only different.' " (''Vineland'', p. 170)

'''... even of days not yet transpired.''' 
Reminiscent of the Borges short story "The Library of Babel" about an "infinite library" which contains every possible book. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_babel Wikipedia entry].

'''Imaginary Number''' 
Imaginary number is of the form ''ai'', where ''a'' is a real number, and ''i'' is defined such that ''i² = -1'', 
i.e. i = (-1)¹/² (sqare root of minus 1). For example, ''-16¹/²'', (square root of minus 16) is an imaginary number since it can be expressed as ''4i'' by definition. In the novel ''The Da Vinci Code'' (2003), the character Robert Langdon jokes that character Sophie Neveu "believes in the imaginary number ''i'' because it helps her break code". In Issac Asimov's short story ''The Imaginary'' (1942), eccentric psychologist Tan Porus explains the behavior of a mysterious species of squid by using imaginary numbers in the equations which describe its psychology.

==Page 134==

'''that all-important ninety-degree twist to their light, so they can exist alongside our own world but not be seen''' 
Seems to echo Merle Rideout's theory on the "double refraction" of Blinky Morgan and Ed Morley from p.62. 
It's also a reference to the discussion of complex numbers in the previous pages, the implication being that the double refraction due to the Iceland Spar ("ninety-degree twist") puts the "Hidden People" into an imaginary space analogous to the imaginary axis of the space of complex numbers--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 12:55, 11 February 2007 (PST)
It could also be the angle at which light is polarized.

Also, this technique of bending light is similar to the technology The Predator has for a cloaking device. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predator_%28alien%29 Wikipedia]

'''visitors from elsewhere, of non-human aspect''' 
Extraterrestrials, perhaps? "Visitors", in popular culture, is a term sometimes used to describe ETs. The alien race from the television miniseries ''V'' was named The Visitors. In the fictional world of ''South Park'', aliens are referred to as "visitors".

:I'd opt for visitors from another dimension, a spiritual or an imaginary dimension, such as the dimension or axis upon which imaginary numbers reside (see above).
In his 1919 book, The Book of the Damned, Charles Fort uses the term to describe extra-terrestrials.

'''infinitesimal circle''' 
Cf p58. Reference to epsilon neighbourhoods, an essential tool in mathematical proofs.

'''bad ice''' 
Uneven ice formed by pressure, currents and wind in the dynamic Arctic environment

'''a device immediately recognizable yet unnamable''' 
"Device" here means an emblem. Irrelevantly, the rising sun on the Japanese flag is a device in this sense.

'''neutral-density gray''' 
Photography term. A neutral-density filter is designed to reduce the amount of light entering the lens without introducing a colour cast.

'''the sea-green, the ice-green, glass-green sea.''' 
In ''Ulysses'', James Joyce repeatedly describes the "snotgreen sea" (cf. Gabler edition, p. 4), itself an allusion to Homer's evocation of the "wine-dark sea". Cf., also, ATD, p.127: " . . . a green headland, sheer green walls of ice, the greenness nearest the water . . . . " and GR, V131: "the sea, which at sunset tonight shone green and smooth as iron-rich glass". In previous novels, Pynchon's use of color is almost always advised, as N.K. Hayles and M.B. Eiser note in their essay, "Coloring Gravity's Rainbow," in which green is frequently associated with the natural world, uncontaminated by humanity. 
Also, the repetition itself has a Joyceian feel.--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 13:52, 11 February 2007 (PST)
:Who but an artist like Hunter would catalog greens this way?

'''Narvik''' 
is a town in Norway, above the Arctic Circle.
Narvik was also the site of the first allied victory against Germany during WWII.

==Page 135==

'''in the offing''' 
Extended meaning: imminent. Originally a ship was said to be in the offing when she was visible from land but not yet (or no longer) in the area of safe anchorage.

'''Mush-It-Away''' 
Takeaway (takeout fast food) for dogsledders.

'''cloudberries''' 
[http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~alice/explorations/churchill/cloudb.htm ''Rubus chamaemorus,''] edible fruit, yellow when ripe, related to raspberries, found growing wild in northern parts. Indigenous peoples may indeed eat them with blubber, but nowadays they also go into preserves and liqueurs.

'''skua eggs any style''' 
The [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9068130/skua skua] is a predatory seabird, ''Catharacta skua.''

For those not familiar with American diner lingo, "any style" means they will be served fried, scrambled, poached or boiled, as you request.

'''Arctic humor''' 
If Narvik's three jokes are Arctic humor, give me the temperate kind any time.

==Page 136==

'''Venice of the Arctic''' 
Many cities have been compared with Venice in Italy, usually due to a high density of waterways (especially inner city canals) and/or maritime trade connections. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_city_nicknames#.27Venice_of_....27 Wikipedia entry on Venice of the X comparisons]

The Venice passage contains three themes that have appeared often in ''Against the Day'' so far: that of doubles (such as Foley Walker and Scarsdale Vibe, Randolph and his Russian counterpart, etc) and that of chance or randomness (the Chums, the meeting of Vibe and Walker, etc).

Also the double versions of the map of Asia, double versions of elements that can be seen when they are viewed with Iceland Spar.

Finally, the thinnest of veils between two locations allowing for bi-location. The first is the salsa label which when looked at the right way will transport you to the sunny clime immediately; the second is here on the ice, for when the cracks perfectly match the map of Venice, you can step through it and be translated directly to Italy.

And Pynchon seems to love Venice, a very positive place in one short story

'''multiply-connected spaces''' 
Mathematical expression. In the crassest terms, Venice is multiply connected because some paths from one dry place to another pass through water. Without much risk of a spoiler, [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|see the definition on p. 618.]]

'''Bauer-Grünewald''' 
Famous hotel in Venice.

'''kedgework''' 
A set of pilings used to move a ship by hauling on its mooring or anchoring lines.

==Page 138==

In the period of ATD, museums around the world sought spectacular meteorites, e.g. the Cape York meteorite recovered by Arctic explorer Robert Peary.
[http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/meteorites/what/capeyork.php]

'''From the Journals...''' 
This passage marks the first break in the narration to a first-person style. Pynchon thus briefly adopts the form of an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistolary_novel epistolary novel], a style popular during the period with which ATD is concerned--see for instance ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Dracula]''.

'''Rapture of the North''' 
Coined phrase, after "Rapture of the Deep," a [http://www.deep-six.com/page74.htm nitrogen narcosis] experienced by deep-sea divers.

'''Nesselrode pudding''' 
From ''The Penguin Book of Food and Drink'', ed. Paul Levy: 
"An iced pudding flavoured with chestnuts and dried fruit was invented by Monsieur Mony, chef for many years to the Russian diplomat, Count Nesselrode, in Paris [...] Glacé fruit and peel were a further embellishment to the Nesselrode by the time Proust was old enough to notice such things.

==Page 139==

'''scarcely enough of us to handle the lines''' 
Compare Darby's singlehanded feat, [[ATD_1-25#Page_14|annotations to p. 14.]]

'''Dr. Counterfly... bearded''' 
Last seen as a boy with low rank. Six years have elapsed, 1893-1899.

'''lenses proved to be...Nicol prisms''' 
A Nicol Prism is a device to produce polarized light. It is made from a crystal of calcite (Iceland spar), which is cut along a precisely determined plane and then cemented back together with Canada balsam. A picture can be found [http://web.grinnell.edu/physics/PMuseum/Nicol%20Prisms.html here], detailed diagrams of Nicol and other polarizing prisms are availabe [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/polpri.html here].

:Glasses like the ones described here are used for viewing 3-D movies.

'''''nunatak''''' 
A nunatak (plural: nunataks) is a mountain top that is not covered by land ice (see glaciation and ice age), and protrudes out of a surrounding glacier. The wildlife on a nunatak can be isolated by the glacier, just like an island is in the ocean. Nunataks are generally angular and jagged because of freeze-thaw weathering, and can be seen to contrast strongly with the softer contours of the glacially eroded land below if the glacier retreats. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunatak [Wikipedia]]

Pynchon's translation, "land connected" would seem to be at 180 degrees to Wikipedia's "lonely peak" (which is supported by Bates & Jackson, ''Glossary of Geology,'' 2nd ed.). Which is correct?

Perhaps "land connected" because it is a connection to the land beneath the glacier? --[[User:Kirkm|Kirkm]] 13:09, 19 February 2007 (PST)

==Page 140==

'''an ark . . . and life resume its dominion''' 
Ecologists use the word [http://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/SNT/noframe/zy198.htm#R ''refugium''] (plural ''refugia'') for an area protected from drastic changes in the surrounding region and preserving species and communities in just the way described in the text.

'''overhead . . . bulkheads''' 
And on p. 144 '''purchase . . . hawser . . . strand . . . starboard quarter''' 
Fleetwood either has a nautical background or is using these terms (for ceiling; walls; strong point of attachment; very heavy rope product; unravel; and behind and on the right side) in order to sound like an old salt.

'''sensitive-flames''' 
The term has a specific technical meaning: [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Sensitive+flame External link]

'''a large brass speaking-trumpet''' 
Somewhat reminiscent of the ubiquitous W.A.S.T.E. symbolism in ''The Crying of Lot 49''.

[[image:Breguethands.jpg|thumb|Breguet hands|right]]'''Breguet-style arrowheads''' 
A distinctive fine watch of French design, usually with open circles ('moons') near the ends of the hands. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breguet_(watch) Wikipedia entry]

'''Poulsen's Telegraphone''' 
Invented in 1898, the first magnetic recording machine was patented by Valdemar Poulsen. The theory behind this machine was worked out theoretically by Oberlin Smith of the UK in 1888. Poulsen's machine recorded by passing a thin wire across an electromagnet. Each minute section of the wire would retain its electromagnetic charge, thus recording the sound. Sound could be both recorded and played back. Unfortunately, because the machine's output wasn't very loud and there was no way to amplify the signal, the Telegraphone was not much of a success. [http://www.wou.edu/las/creativearts/music/MUS%20206%20Text.pdf External link]

'''a human caul''' 
caul (Latin: Caput galeatum, literally, "head helmet") is a thin, filmy membrane, the remnants of the amniotic sac, that covers or partly covers the newborn mammal immediately after birth. It is also the membrane enclosing the paunch of mammals, particularly as in pork and mutton butchery. In butchery, the caul is used as offal. A third meaning refers to a type of women's headdress.

To be "born with a caul" is meant to indicate a great future. The superstition attached to birth cauls has figured into numerous works of fiction, including ''David Copperfield,'' Stephen King's ''The Shining'' (wherein the child Danny Torrance, born with a caul, is possessed with the eponymous supernatural power), and Alan Moore's short graphic novel, ''The Birth Caul''.

Caul births are rare. Two [http://doctorpotato.blogdrive.com/archive/32.html superstitions linked to them] are (1) that possession of a human caul (preferably one's own, but not necessarily) protects one against drowning and, by extension, protects one's ship against being wrecked; (2) that the child born in a caul will have second sight, the thinness of the membrane signifying the closeness of the natural and supernatural worlds. Midwives sometimes abstracted and sold cauls.

==Page 141==

'''''camera lucida''''' 
A drawing aid sometimes used with an optical instrument; it is worthwhile to read the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lucida Wikipedia entry] in order to understand what's going on here.

'''misfortunes of certain Egyptologists''' 
Possibly a reference to the curse supposed to be attendant on the tomb of Tutankhamen, and upon which the death of George Herbert, who financed the expedition, was blamed. The tomb was breached in Feb 1923, though, and that seems later than this episode, so it may just be a reference to general myth or just one more anachronism. [http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/curse.htm [history]]

'''odalisque of the snows''' 
An odalisque was a virgin female slave who tended to the harem of the Turkish sultan. Numerous paintings of the 19th century portrayed them as reclining beauties. The most famous of these is Ingres' ''La grande odalisque'' (1814):

[[Image:odalisque.jpg|300px|center]]

'''mongoloid features''' 
Perhaps a reference to images of the Buddha, in which he is often seen reclining?

Lord Vishnu is often depicted lying or sleeping like an odalisque upon the serpent (naga) Lord Sesha who represents widom, power, energy. Vishnu is the Preserver in the Trimurti of Brahma/Vishnu/Siva. Some legends associate him with the primeval waters that pervaded the world before creation and as the mover of waters. Vishnu is also the restorer of dharma and has ten avatars that have/will come to re-establish righteousness over chaos, one of which is Lord Krishna. In many depictions, a lotus or the four-faced Brahma rises from the navel of the reclining god. It is said that when Vishnu is depicted in this manner good and evil are in proper balance throughout the cosmos.

That this faux nunatak has mongoloid or serpent eyes brings to mind the passage in the ''Book of Revelation'' where Archangel Michael defeats Satan/the dragon:
:12:7-9 - ''The war broke out in Heaven. Michael and his angels battled with the dragon. The dragon and his angels fought back, but they did not prevail and they were expelled from Heaven. So the huge dragon, the serpent of ancient times, who is called the devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world, was hurled down upon the earth, and his angels were hurled down with him.''

That this serpent is encased in ice at the North Pole is suggestive of Satan at the bottom of hell, in Dante's Ninth Circle, also encased in ice.

It would appear that the Vormance expedition, in search of profits, is about to undo the work of Heaven and unleash Satan upon the world.

While Dante and Virgil escape the center of hell at the bottom of the world (a zone of emergency if ever there was one) by passing through the center of the earth, Chick and the Chums "fly counter" to this -- through the center of the earth -- to get to the zone of emergency, the lake of ice, at the top of the world to witness the liberation of Destruction.
A cosmic reversal.

'''Tolkien?''' 
From FleetwoodVibe's journal of the Vormance expedition where his crew and the ChumsOfChance are assembled in the Inconvenience, observing the "''nunatak''" through some strange instrument (p141):

"...we were bound in a common terror of that moment at which it might ''become aware of our interest'' and smoothly pivot its awful head to stare us full in the face"

Startlingly, this is highly reminiscent of more than one passage in Lord of the Rings where transfixed good guys observe Sauron or his lair through a crystal ball, in terror of attracting his attention

:Reminiscent, yes, but not concrete enough to be interpreted as intentional, IMO. [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]]

==Page 142==

'''Eddas''' 
Refers to the Old Norse Poetic Edda and Prose Edda, both of which were written down in Iceland during the 13th century, although some of the poems included in them may be centuries older.

'''which of us . . . had not performed''' 
Using the subjunctive mood, not the past perfect tense. A writer of today might say, "which of us . . . would not have performed."

'''we intrepid innocents . . . destiny.''' 
This Vormance expedition calls to mind the 2004 film [http://imdb.com/title/tt0370263/ AVP: Alien Vs. Predator], in which an exploratory expedition funded by nefarious corporate elements discovers an ancient polar pyramid which they descend into, getting more than they bargain for in the process. Good stupid camp. See p. 134 in regards to Predator's cloaking device.

'''scentless snow walls''' 
An interesting literary parallel: Richard Powers' novel ''Gain'' (1998) tells of a botanist who sails with the first U.S. Antarctic expedition:
<blockquote>A scent wafted upon him, a redolence for all the world like the smell of a forgotten existence. . . . the thing he smelled, out on the ice, was the sachet of scentlessness: air before the employment of lungs.</blockquote>
Congress, it's revealed, has funded the journey in hopes of discovering Symmes' Hole in the southern continent. The scientist belongs to a candle- and soap-manufacturing family that makes a fortune, establishes a conglomerate, invents a cooking fat substitute, exhibits at the 1893 Columbian World's Exposition in Chicago, endows a college, and extends the benefits of industrial society (cleanliness, Americanism and cancer clusters) throughout the world.

The name of the family and the company is Clare, but plainly there are several parallels to the Candlebrow saga. Scroll back to the annotations on p. 130, or (risking spoilers) [[ATD_397-428#Page_405|jump ahead to the annotations on p. 405]] and succeeding pages.

==Page 143==

'''Tungus''' 
Old name for the Siberian language Evenki; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungusic_languages see Wikipedia.]

'''bilocation''' 
Doubtless to be an important concept in the novel, judging by the title of Part Three. Latin bis, twice, and locatio, place. Bilocation is as Pynchon explains, the ostensibly supernatural act of appearing or being in two or more locations simultaneously. Bilocation is claimed to have been experienced, and even practiced at will, by mystics, ecstatics, saints, monks, and magical adepts. Notably, Icelandic sagas also speak of warriors who were able to fall into a trance and appear thousands of miles away in battle. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilocation Wikipedia on bilocation] Is also obviously related to the physical properties of Iceland Spar.

'''Arctic hysteria . . . Northern melancholia''' 
We have three "scientifically" named psychological disorders: Rapture of the North (scroll back to annotations on p. 138), Arctic hysteria and Northern melancholia. Whatever happens, Ghloix will claim he predicted it.

If it's psychological disorders we are talking about, why not include Narvik's "Arctic humor" (p. 135)?

'''Christian Time''' 
That is, linear time, a concept first introduced by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo St. Augustine of Hippo] (354-430), in his autobiographical [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/augustine/confessions/confessions.html ''Confessions'']. Augustine argued that the inevitability and singularity of Christ's return demanded that all history must be viewed as a linear progression toward the apocalypse and the ascendancy of Christ on Earth, after which time would effectively stop, an event described as the "End of Days." From this decidedly deterministic view of time, Augustine derived his doctrine of predestination, that is, of a world in which each soul, even as it is born, is already pre-defined as saved or unsaved. While the Catholic Church would eventually reject this doctrine, the protestant reformer and theologian John Calvin resurrected it, and it became an important part of Calvinist theology, notably as practiced by the Puritans.

==Page 144==

'''"we measured, and remeasured, and each time the dimensions kept coming out different - not just slightly so but drastically."''' 
Cf. Mark Danielewski's debut novel ''House Of Leaves'' (2000), where a house interior dimensions keep changing, while the exterior remains unaltered. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_leaves Wikipedia entry]

Compare ''Mason & Dixon'' wherein the interiors of a coach (and one house, at least?) is more spacious than the measured dimensions.

While TRP writes only of the dimensions of the thing and not its actual shape, there is the sense of something protean, of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteus Proteus] in the hold. In reading the wiki entry one learns that Proteus is associated in alchemy with Philosophical Mercury, "the light of nature," the ''anima mundi '' (spirit of the world), and much later Carl Jung associated it with the unconscious. Homer, Milton, Shakespeare, Wordsworth, Joyce, Vonnegut among others make use of this "Old Man of the Sea" god.

'''"its gaze had remained directed solely, personally, to each of us, no matter where we stood or moved."''' 
Supposedly a standard feature of the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church portrait-icons.

Also brings to mind [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_lisa Mona Lisa]
:[http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/eyefolow.htm Here is a scientific account] (though less coherent than we might like) of how the artist makes the subject of a painting seem to be looking at the viewer. It's very simple: paint the eyes looking along a line perpendicular to the canvas. But what's described in the text here is a little different and may be related to a phenomenon in public speaking: If the speaker makes eye contact with a few people in the audience, even skipping randomly around the house, ''many'' will report "He was looking directly at me!"

'''misplaced moon''' 
The moon simile is not far-fetched; ''Inconvenience'' viewed head-on must have looked quite moonlike.

'''something, down there, below our feet... where it lay patient and thawing, was terribly, and soon to be more terribly, amiss.''' 
This is all extremely Lovecraftian, and especially brings to mind Lovecraft's story, "At The Mountains Of Madness". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_the_Mountains_of_Madness Wikipedia]

'''Returned to harbor at last''' 
Not in Iceland but in the city from where the expedition first sailed.

'''impersonal momenta of the Commercial''' 
Momentum (plural momenta) must be a metaphor for the constant buzz of commerce; in physics, of course, the word means a well-defined quantity of motion, but that does not seem to fit here.

==Page 145==

'''upstate security of Matteawan''' 
I.e., committed to the Matteawan Asylum at Fishkill, N.Y. Does this leave any doubt as to the name of the great city?

[[image:Evangelion.jpg|right|175px|thumb|The apocalyptic giant of light unearthed in the Arctic in Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'''the man-shaped light shall not deliver you''' 
Reminiscent of the famous Japanese anime ''Neon Genesis Evangelion'' (1994-95), in which mankind unearths a mysterious creature from the Arctic ice that appears as a man-shaped giant of light, gets out of man's control and triggers an apocalypse. Probably not an intentional reference, but if Pynchon plays Tetris, who knows? 
:-sinister variant of GR's Kirghiz Light? Those who see the Light find their words dismissed "as the meaningless sounds of a baby" (GR 358) just as witnesses to ATD's light are sent to the sanitorium. Note also the line's similarity to the Aqyn's warning from GR: "And the Light will never find you." (359)

The "man of light" is also a term from ancient Iranian gnosticism, representing the [http://www.kheper.net/topics/augeoides/Higher_Self.html higher self], the heavenly twin, the guide of light of every individual.
"The quest for the dawning of light in the cosmic North symbolizes the mystic's search for realization. In this spiritual journey, the light arising in man's inner darkness- the Northern Light or Midnight Sun- represents the impartial but brilliant light of Truth, that which sets us free from egotism and from slavery to material existence." Please see Henry Corbin's wonderful book [http://www.booklightinc.net/omegapub/detail.html?session=2a71a6af38a06d45076b5355e0eb5fd5&id=0930872487 ''The Man of Light in Iranian Sufism''] though be advised that it is written for the specialist.

c.f. the man-shaped light on 153

'''those starfish corridors where they suffer…''' 
“they” are the witnesses who heard the Figure speak. Pynchon here refers to the radial structure of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham Jeremy Bentham’s] designs for his [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panopticon panopticon], a penal/containment facility wherein many individuals can be observed from a central unit, giving the illusion of constant surveillance. The witnesses in “the upstate security of Matteawan” appear to be detained in just such a facility.
:That unfortunately doesn't hold up. The panopticon doesn't have radiating corridors, as the floor plan in the Wikipedia article (link above) shows. And Matteawan was not built to the panopticon design anyway; it was an accretion of fairly conventional rectangular structures. [http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/docs2day/fishkill.html Here is an aerial view] of Matteawan at a time later than the action; [http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/loaded.html this web page] has exterior and interior views; the asylum was even pictured on [http://www.rootsweb.com/~asylums/matteawan_ny/index.html colored postcards.] The direct reference of "starfish" is probably to long wings running in scattered directions.

Through the use of the word “starfish” the narrator further invokes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovecraft H. P. Lovecraft’s] novel [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_the_Mountains_of_Madness ''At The Mountains of Madness''], wherein starfish- and star-shaped patterns abound in the culture and physiology of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Things Elder Ones].

==Page 146==

'''lines''' 
The description of the single-file line at the train station basically describes current security conditions at American airports.
A single line (i.e. linear thinking) does not seem to be a 'positive' in the Pynchon world. (See too the slaughterhouse on page 10.)

'''Explorers' Club''' 
Apparently in South Africa (the famous NYC one wasn't founded until 1904).
:In Washington, D.C. ("the District"), though this doesn't help with the timing since the D.C. chapter wasn't formed till 1924. But "in Africa," "out there" and the word "British" in referring to the poet laureate—these all rule out Africa as the site.

'''Dr. Jim's little adventure''' 
A reference to the so-called "Jameson Raid" spearheaded by Dr. L. S. Jameson. The raid was intended to trigger an uprising among the British expatriate workers (the Uitlanders) in the Transvaal, but failed, and instead served to further destabilize the region and catalyze the Second Boer War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jameson_Raid Wikipedia entry] (From Wikipedia: “The Jameson Raid (December 29, 1895 - January 2, 1896) was a raid on Paul Kruger's Transvaal Republic carried out by Leander Starr Jameson and his Rhodesian and Bechuanaland policemen over the New Year weekend of 1895-96. It was intended to trigger an uprising by the primarily British expatriate workers (known as Uitlanders) in the Transvaal but failed to do so. The raid was ineffective and no uprising took place, but it did much to bring about the Second Boer War and the Second Matabele War.”)

'''"War any moment"''' 
The Second Boer War started in October 1899. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War [Wikipedia]]

'''Rand shares''' 
Not the currency, but rather the gold fields near Johannesburg. The following page confirms this: "In the Rand, some of the shafts go down four thousand feet."

'''the British poet-laureate’s commemorative verse''' 
Reference to Alfred Austin. From Wikipedia: “As poet-laureate, his topical verses did not escape negative criticism; a hasty poem written in praise of the Jameson Raid in 1896 being a notable instance.” [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Austin Wikipedia entry]

The questionable rhyme referred to is from that “hasty poem” --

::They went across the veldt,
::As hard as they could pelt.

==Page 147==

'''Borchardt''' 
[[image:borchardt.jpg|thumb|200px|Borchardt pistol|right]]1894 forerunner of Luger.

'''Nansen''' 
Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (1861-1930) was a Norwegian explorer, scientist and diplomat. Nansen was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922 for his work as a League of Nations High Commissioner. In 1893, he sailed to the Arctic in a ship which was deliberately allowed to drift north through the sea ice, a journey that took more than three years. During this first crossing of the Arctic Ocean the expedition became the first to discover the existence of a deep polar basin. When, after more than one year in the ice it became apparent that the ship would not reach the North Pole, Nansen continued north on foot and, in April 1895, reached 86° 14´ N, the highest latitude then attained. The two men were forced to spend the winter, surviving on walrus blubber and polar bear meat. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen Wikipedia entry on Nansen] Cf. p. 138.

'''Suppose it were to happen to us . . . an innocence they knew how to circumvent''' 
"Art" is supposed, among other things, to help us interpret our world. This passage is Art as brilliant and hardnosed as anything Goya or Picasso or Shostakovich ever created. Just one man's opinion. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:19, 5 February 2007 (PST)

This passage, "use humans for similar purposes", ie, for food, recalls the classic Twilight Zone episode, To Serve Man, as well as the movie Soylent Green.

==Page 148==

'''"Evolution. Ape evolves to man, well, what's the next step - human to what? Some ''compound organism'', the American Corporation, for instance"''' 
Cf. the following excerpt from William Gibson's 1981 short story "New Rose Hotel":

:Imagine an alien, Fox once said, who's come here to identify the planet's dominant form of intelligence. The alien has a look, then chooses. What do you think he picks? I probably shrugged.
:The zaibatsus, Fox said, the multinationals. The blood of a zaibatsu is information, not people. The structure is independent of the individual lives that comprise it. Corporation as life form.

'''the American Corporation, for instance, in which even the Supreme Court has recognized legal personhood ''' 
Refers to Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company (1886), during which Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite announced: "The court does not wish to hear argument on the question whether the provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which forbids a State to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, applies to these corporations. We are all of the opinion that it does." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Clara_County_v._Southern_Pacific_Railroad Wikipedia entry] Corporations are routinely recognized as "persons" in the law nowadays. For more on the recognition of corporation as legal persons, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_personhood Wikipedia entry on corporate personhood]. A recent documentary film, ''The Corporation'' (2003), tried to make the case that if a corporation is a "person," it has the personality of a psychopath.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 97-118

2008-07-30T07:22:50Z

WolfgangFaber: /* Page 110 */ add Kepler's model and wikipedia link for Platonic polyhedra

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 97==

'''the iron of their shoes . . . seeking the magnetic memory of that long-ago visit''' 
Familiar cartoon gag, a ''horseshoe'' magnet attracting all sorts of hardware as it flies through the air.
:But here, TRP suggests, Tesla's activities really do cause electromagnetic upheaval in Colorado.

'''the Rebellion''' 
What the North called the Civil War. ([[ATD_1-25#Page_7|See p.7]])

'''Tesla, Dr. Nikola''' (1856-1943) 
Tesla was a Serb-American inventor, engineer and physicist whose patents and theoretical work form the basis of modern alternating current electric power (AC) systems, radio, and a bunch of other stuff. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Wikipedia entry] Tesla researched in Colorado Springs from May 1899 - January 1900, a location he chose because of the frequent thunderstorms, the high altitude, and the dryness of the air. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#Colorado_Springs Wikipedia on Tesla at Colorado Springs].

Much of the the funding for his Colorado Springs laboratory came from Colonel John Jacob Astor. Tesla's friend and patent lawyer, Leonard E. Curtis, persuaded the El Paso Power Company to supply Tesla with all the electricity he wanted, free of charge. The arrangement ended the night Tesla's activities burned out the dynamo and the entire city lost power. [http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_colspr.html PBS: Tesla - Master of Lightning]

"Tesla logged in his diary on July 3, 1899 that a separate resonance transformer tuned to the same high frequency as a larger high-voltage resonance transformer would transceive energy from the larger coil, acting as a transmitter of wireless energy, which was used to confirm Tesla's patent for radio during later disputes in the courts. These air core high-frequency resonate coils were the predecessors of systems from radio to radar and medical magnetic resonance imaging devices." [http://www.crystalinks.com/tesla.html] This information was later used to confirm his patent for radio which he received posthumously in 1946, 3 years after his death. [http://www.resonanceresearch.com/nikola-tesla-coils-picture-colorado-1899-labratory.htm].

Pynchon confuses this 03 July 'vision', during a natural electrical storm, with later experimental generation of high voltages.

[http://www.teslasociety.com The Tesla Society] confusingly describes Tesla as a "Serbian-born American" but states his birthplace as Smiljan, Croatia.

'''Vectorist . . . by way of the Electricity''' 
Vector symbolism offers an economical way to describe electrical processes; electrical engineers still use vector algebra and vector analysis combined with concepts from complex number theory.

==Page 98==

'''a turbine generator located underneath a waterfall''' 
Not sitting there to catch the falling water. A waterfall is a convenient place for a power plant because you can get easy access to two elevations: take in water at the top, install your turbine at the bottom. The mention of penstocks and other plumbing farther down the page confirms that the flow is being captured in pipes at the head of the fall and run through a turbine at the bottom.

'''engineering students... from Cornell, Yale''' 
Cornell is Pynchon's alma mater, where he initially studied engineering. [[Thomas Pynchon|Pynchon bio]]

'''Maxwell''' 
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) was a Scottish mathematical physicist among the pioneers of electromagnetism. Pynchon made use of his theoretical "Maxwell's Demon" in ''The Crying of Lot 49''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell Wikipedia entry]

'''Maxwell's ''Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism'' of 1873''' 
Full text of [http://www.archive.org/details/electricandmagne01maxwrich Volume 1] and [http://www.archive.org/details/electricandmag02maxwrich Volume 2] at the Internet Archive.

==Page 99==

'''the Invisible''' 
Up to this point there have been many mentions of things invisible, here capitalized. Recalling Blundell's quote from p. 24, suddenly everything connects and makes sense to Kit after his revelation. It is a mystical experience for him as he reaches this knowledge through something like a voice telling him.
:So we have as opposites light/ dark; visible/ invisible. And to this point in the book, Miles, Lew Basnight, and Kit have experienced the Invisible. Note that there are various ways of seeing, and not all of them use light.

'''So is altitude transformed, continuously, to light''' 
The potential energy of water at an altitude is realized when it falls, producing the flow of electricity required for the production of artificial light. 

'''Hamilton had experienced at Brougham Bridge in Ireland''' 
William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865) was an Irish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer who made important contributions to the development of optics, dynamics, and algebra. His discovery of quaternions is perhaps his best known investigation. The discovery of quaternions reportedly occurred during a walk with his wife by the Royal Canal in Dublin. Upon having the inspiration for the formula, he promptly carved it into the side of the nearby [[Brougham_Bridge |Broom (or Brougham) Bridge]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton Wikipedia entry]

'''a jump from one place to another''' 
An allusion to quantum jump (or quantum leap), which would be proposed some years later as a model for the electron's transition between energy states within an atom and as the sole cause of the emission of electromagnetic radiation, including that of ''light'', by atoms. Interestingly enough, the term "quantum leap" would later become a standard vernacular term to describe abrupt advances. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_leap Wikipedia entry]

The phrase also suggests either bilocation (Foley Walker and Scarsdale Vibe, cf. p. 100) or changing dimensions (moving to another parallel world?), which Lew Basnight appears to have done without knowing it (p. 24).

'''with . . . what perilous æther opening between and beneath''' 
The etymology of ''air'' includes ''æther.'' The gap between initial and final states is a region where there's nothing to "support" the particle making the quantum jump.
:Is there any link between this and the earlier discussion of Aetherists at Case Western when Michaelson and Morley are experimenting?

'''the truth he now possessed in his personal interior, certain and unshakable''' 
Kit's belief in Vectorism is solidified. 
Not belief. He's broken through to a state where he doesn't have to write the math down—he sees directly from problem statement to solution.

'''Jack, we're seventeen''' 
Around 1900.

'''Pike's Peak or Bust!''' 
The slogan of miners heading to Colorado during the Gold Rush of 1859.

'''Frank got so nervous about climbing''' 
Is Frank acrophobic?

'''Cañon City alumnus''' 
An ex-convict who has done time in the Colorado pen.

'''swamping''' 
Menial work.

==Page 100==

'''Lieutenants of Industry Scholarship Program''' 
The metaphor "Captain of Industry" gets dusted off; Vibe is the captain, so his minions can't go any higher than lieutenants.

'''Mr. Merriwell, we really need this touchdown''' 
An allusion to the fictional character Frank Merriwell, an adventuresome student at Yale and football hero, he was created by the pulp fiction writer Gilbert Patten, who wrote under the pen name Burt L. Standish. The first story, "Frank Merriwell: or, First Days at Fardale" appeared in ''Tip Top Weekly'' on April 18, 1896. Merriwell went on to appear in comic books, radio programs, and dime novels. As the passage suggests, Merriwell constituted an idealized picture of the east coast, old money elite. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Merriwell Wikipedia Entry on Frank Merriwell]

'''Yale''' 
This possible deal with the devil that Kit makes to get into Yale recalls the evil pact made to get Tyrone Slothrop into Harvard in ''Gravity's Rainbow''.

'''Horsefeathers''' 
The title of a 1932 Marx Brothers film ("Horse Feathers"). Another possible indication for the promised Groucho Marx cameo. See also "ducksoup" (p.25)

'''Antietam''' 
The first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil, in 1862. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties.

'''substitute conscriptee''' 
The Enrollment Act of 1863 allowed draftees to pay $300 to a substitute who would serve for them. (See [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nygenese/purchase.jpg here] for an example substitution form.) J.P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Jay Gould, James Mellon and future president Grover Cleveland all hired substitutes. Within a year the price had gone up to $1,100, however. [http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1994/winter/civil-war-draft-records.html Civil War Draft Records: Exemptions and Enrollments]

==Page 101==

'''Cold Harbor''' 
There were two battles of Cold Harbor: the first, in 1862, predated Antietam, so this would have been the second in 1864 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor Wikipedia].

'''the Brain and its Mysteries''' 
This is a recurring theme, with suggestions of neurological symptoms already seen, such as Miles Blondell's weird feelings and Lew Basnight's malady. As seen below, the presence of the bullet has some effects on his brain: he receives "communications, from far, far away," which can be symptoms of brain injuries.

For more on auditory hallucinations see the recently published ''Muses, Madmen, and Prophets: Rethinking the History, Science, and Meaning of Auditory Hallucination'' by Daniel B. Smith.

'''Minié ball''' 
Prior to the development of the minie ball, rifles were not used in combat due to the difficulty in loading. The ammunition used by rifles was the same diameter as the barrel in order for the bullet to engage the groves of the rifled barrel. As a result the ball had to be forced into the barrel. The minie ball, originally designed by Captain Claude-Etienne Minie of France and improved on by manufacturers in the United States, changed warfare. Since the minie ball was smaller than the diameter of the barrel, it could be loaded quickly by dropping the bullet down the barrel. This conical lead bullet had two or three grooves and a conical cavity in its base. The gases, formed by the burning of powder once the firearm was fired, expanded the base of the bullet so that it engaged the rifling in the barrel. Thus, rifles could be loaded quickly and yet fired accurately; 620; [http://www.civilwar.si.edu/weapons_minieball.html From the Smithsonian website]

However, Minié balls are relatively large, generally .58 caliber, so that would be a mighty large piece of lead lodged in his brain. [http://www.eclectichistorian.net/RifleMusket/Minies.html Picture]

'''"far, far away"''' 
A nod to the opening lines of ''Star Wars''? “A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away..." 
A similar episode is in Richard Powers' "Three Farmers on their Way to a Dance" (1985), in which a character affirms that he can get military radio communications thanks to a dental filling. Richard Powers has often been compared to Pynchon.

'''physical well-being''' 
The dichotomy of bodily and spiritual well-being appears in the [[The World is at Fault]] letter that Pynchon wrote in the early 60s.

'''"if it exists"''' 
Assuming this is c1882, when the Standard Oil Trust was formed, it was already well-known.

==Page 102==
'''ten gallons of coffee''' 
Major caffeine abuse also figured in to ''Mason & Dixon''.

'''Twin Vibes''' 
Vibe and Walker work together in part because of Walker's "powers". These "vibrations" could be the source of the name Vibe.

This is the first mention of the Doppelgaenger theme of the book, which Wikipedia calls "a sinister form of bilocation."[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppelg%C3%A4nger]

'''With that kind of personal faith . . . handling snakes''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_handling Wikipedia] says snake-handling did not become a movement until the 1920s but was a sensational practice before the end of the 19th century. The requisite "personal faith" is defined in Mark 16:17-18: "And these signs shall follow them that believe: In my name . . . [t]hey shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them; they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover." Southern Appalachia is now the epicenter of snake-handling.

'''''"Izvinite... Hvala"''''' 
'Excuse me'... 'Thank you' in Croatian. [http://www.bugeurope.com/essentials/croatian.html [cite]] Also in Serbian, though written in a different alphabet.

==Page 103==

'''por vida''' 
For life.

'''a message from perhaps farther beyond...''' 
Kit may think it another message from the Invisible. Due to his belief in Vectorism?

'''how Mr. Vibe . . . had been left free to behave''' 
The mission given to Walker is to constrain Vibe, who in some sense shares a "karma" with him.

==Page 104==

'''"Tithing," Tesla said, "giving back to the day."''' 
Tesla's contempt for this tithing positions him as—wait for it—against the day.

==Page 105==

'''Jake with me''' 
Fine with me.

'''"not here on the desolate lee shore whose back country is death"''' 
Wonderful, just wonderful...

==Page 107==

Since this is 1899, the Chums should be six years older than they were in Chicago. But they seem to age at a slower rate than folks on earth below.

'''this era of desuetude''' 
Time when usual rules and customs are not being practiced.

'''midwatch''' 
The time between midnight and 4 a.m. Another naval practice observed by the Chums.

'''A boy . . . under a baggy cap with its bill turned sidewise''' 
I can't identify this as to title or date, but the subject appeared in lithographs that hung in many homes in the first half of the 20th century. It was also famous via Charlie Chaplin's work w/ the child Jackie Coogan. See an image at[http://www.crimelibrary.com/graphics/photos/notorious_murders/classics/brooke_hart/8-1-Jackie-Coogan.jpg]

'''Tesla device''' 
A radio. He received a patent for the radio after his death. The transmissions of July 3, 1899 (see Page 97, above) were used as evidence that he should be granted the patent.

:A member of the wiki has pointed out that Tesla recorded thunderstorm observations on that date but did not carry out transmissions.

'''voices . . . difficult to credit with any origin in the material sphere . . . hoarse whispering''' 
Messages coming from a world the Chums don't inhabit? From outside their novel, I suggest, specifically from their author, who is preparing to take over the narration again. 

I would suggest that in the early days of radio even Tesla himself thought he was receiving messages from [http://www.borderlands.com/archives/arch/marscom.htm Mars], when in fact he was discovering the foundation of radio telescopy. Edison and Marconi also thought radio would allow them to converse with the dead. That the Chums also hear voices is probably to be expected. On the other hand, please see [http://www.strangenation.com.au/Articles/sna_evp_vod.htm Electronic Voice Phenomena] for a paranormal discussion on the phenomena.

I think there is more to this. Above, a reader noted that Merle works with light AND sound. Just as one might "see" via the Invisible (Miles, Lew, and Kit), one might "hear" via the invisible, as Foley Walker does, as well as the Chums here.

'''Indian Ocean islands of Amsterdam and St.Paul''' 
As noted in the text, Indian Ocean Islands. Both are volcanic in origin. They remain without permanent residents.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul Wikipedia article on St. Paul Island]

'''westerlies''' 
A westerly is a wind that is ''coming from'' the west, not heading toward the west. The Chums must therefore have been somewhere in Europe, Africa or Central Asia at the time.

==Page 108==

'''islets vanished from the nautical charts''' 
Do features really vanish from charts? Could it be that their ''names'' were no longer recorded?

It is possible that some small islands collapse or are eroded, and disappear below the sea, to "rejoin the Invisible".

'''St. Masque''' 
This island's name may have been one of the ones to vanish.
:I think TRP created this name, since the island masks the underground installation.

'''huge underground construction''' 
The description calls to mind Boston's "Big Dig," or a bunker such as those built by SAC, NORAD or other military organizations. In particular it brings to mind the Cheyenne Mountain Directorate in Colorado Springs, CO.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne_Mountain]

'''''Megaera''''' 
One of the Greek Furies. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaera [Wikipedia]]

Apparently a real shipwreck as well. [http://www2.xlibris.com/bookstore/book_excerpt.asp?bookid=1535 [Scroll down to St. Paul Island]]

'''four hundred of us made it''' 
The informative page linked in the preceding entry is pretty clear: 330-odd of them made it.

'''"Curious," Chick said.''' 
His register of speech is very different from what we heard in earlier episodes. And he has somehow now got enough education to have been named "Scientific Officer."

==Page 109==

'''the volcano''' 
''Not'' Krakatoa. The Chums are in the middle of the Indian Ocean.

'''antipodal to Colorado Springs''' 
Amsterdam and St. Paul are, to within a few dozen miles, exactly on the opposite side of the Earth to the Springs. Because Tesla's work there wound up early in 1900, the antipodal point could not have held much interest after that. The 1899 dating holds.

'''Chums of Chance Logistical Services''' 
In the whole series of novels this is probably the only mention of CoCLS. All the other books had instruments, weapons, etc., just appear without explanation. "Never questioned, always on time" simply because it's written (or unwritten) that way.
:I think it is more sinister -- their shadowy organization has the reach and the resources to make things appear, but a) the boys' location away from sources of supply and b) the boys' growing awareness (such as Chick's "scientific knowledge") lead them to notice.

'''mephitically seeping volcano''' 
"Mephitic" means foul-smelling.

'''President McKinley''' 
Since McKinley was assassinated (by an anarchist) in September, 1901, this situates the episode some time between 1899 and 1901.

'''a beach so intensely sunlit as to appear almost colorless''' 
Again an excess of light takes away from the ambience rather than adding to it -- a sun bleached beach.

'''blindness at the heart of a diamond''' 
This enigmatic imagery is reflected (no pun intended) in a few references: [http://books.google.com//books?num=100&q=heart.of.a.diamond&as_brr=0 more] 

"where the light came down sifted through so many emerald screens that it was as flawless as the heart of a diamond. " (''Anne of Green Gables'', Chapt. 15, by Lucy Maud Montgomery) 

"It was a singularly sharp night, and clear as the heart of a diamond."'' A Story that is Untrue'' by Ambrose Bierce 

blindness seems not to be a positive with this metaphor. No light, a heart that cannot see. Diamonds = lightlessness.
:I interpreted it as lots of light = blindness; i.e., again the distinction between seeing, learning, understanding vs. light.

An important diamond with a blindness at its heart is the one in Wilkie Collins's novel ''The Moonstone'' (1868)([http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/155 Project Gutenberg]). The diamond brings misfortune to its possessor; it is stolen twice early in the novel, and various characters try to regain it. It may be worth noting that, in Collins, a big diamond with a blindness at its heart is worth less than its compounds, if it's cut into pieces.

'''Since his''' (Darby's) '''voice had changed''' 
In three-quarters of a century Tom Swift didn't age half a dozen years. The Chums could not have aged much before ''AtD'' opened, because they weren't very old when we met them. Now the mascotte who sang the treble parts has become an adolescent.

==Page 110==

'''The once cheery mascotte... into a distrust of authority''' 
In this section Darby Suckling looks to be the "punk" of the Chums ala Darby Crash. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darby_Crash Wikipedia]

'''Nihilism''' 
Nihilism comes from the Latin ''nihil'', or nothing. It appears in the verb "annihilate", meaning to bring to nothing, to destroy completely. Nihilism is the belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated. It is often associated with extreme pessimism and a radical skepticism that condemns existence. A true nihilist would believe in nothing, have no loyalties, and no purpose other than, perhaps, an impulse to destroy. Nihilism is most often associated with Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) who argued that its corrosive effects would eventually destroy all moral, religious, and metaphysical convictions and precipitate the greatest crisis in human history. Ivan Turgenev's ''Fathers and Sons'' (1862) popularized ''nihilism'' by his character Bazarov who preached a creed of total negation. In Russia, nihilism became identified with a loosely organized revolutionary movement (1860-1917) that rejected the authority of the state, church, and family. The movement advocated a social arrangement based on rationalism and materialism as the sole source of knowledge, and individual freedom as the highest goal. The movement eventually deteriorated into an ethos of subversion, destruction, and anarchy. And by the late 1870s, a nihilist was anyone associated with clandestine political groups advocating terrorism and assassination. ([http://www.iep.utm.edu/n/nihilism.htm Nihilism]).

'''Platonic polyhedra''' 
In the Timaeus of Plato, the eponymous character claims, in what he calls his "likely story," that the cosmos was created by the gathering of triangles into regular solids which coincide with the four elements: the pyramid (fire), cube (earth), octahedron (air), icosahedron (water), and dodecahedron. The dodecahedron becomes associated with Æther.

In his early work Mysterium Cosmographicum, Johannes Kepler used the Platonic polyhedra to model the solar system.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_solid Wikipedia entry on the Platonic polyhedra, including a picture of Kepler's polyhedra model of the solar system]

'''Clarendons''' 
Clarendon is a serif typeface created in 1845 that was often used for wanted posters in the Old West. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarendon_%28typeface%29 Wikipedia entry, with a sample]

'''FUNDAMENT-SEIZING''' 
Ass-grabbing.

'''"Zumbledy bongbong," [Miles Blundell] called encouragingly, as the food flew. "Vamble, Vamble!"''' 
Miles's odd speech may be an allusion to that of the Muppets' Swedish Chef.

He may also be speaking in tongues, or simply have some sort of apraxia of speech, given these comments and those on the following page.
:Remember that Miles is the Chum who did not see the crockery, was preoccupied, and says that he "sees" at times in a different dimension. Now, like Foley's voices, above, we have Miles with an auditory (as well as his visual) affliction.

==Page 111==

'''unmix a failed sauce''' 
There is a folk belief, however, that mayonnaise and other egg-based sauces will separate during a thunderstorm. You can, however, re-mix sauces of this kind that have de-emulsified.

'''time is intrinsic in every recipe''' 
Not whether you bake the pie for 20 minutes or 40. What's intrinsic is that the recipe always takes you forward in time. Start with ground meat, end with a hamburger, never the other way around.

'''"Of the metawarble of blibfloth zep"''' 
Poor Miles' communication problems continue.

'''dog's dinner''' 
Something that is ostentatiously smart [http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/dogs-dinner.html Definition].
"bone china" takes on new meaning!

'''In the U.S.A., it was almost the Fourth of July''' 
''Inconvenience'' is a day ahead of the U.S., being well west of the International Date Line.

'''noteworthy episodes of military explosion . . . necessary to maintain the integrity of the American homeland''' 
Put the stress on ''military.'' Other explosions achieve different purposes.

'''Explosion without an objective . . . is politics in its purest form''' 
Set this against not only the next entry but also against Drave's aphorism "Remorse without an object is a doorway to deliverance" (p. 39).

'''Haymarket bomb . . . wonders of chemistry''' 
Cf. p. 79, "the widely admired Mexican principle of politics through chemistry."

==Page 112==

'''I wish I knew what they were arguing about''' 
Randolph's consciousness has not been raised, as we used to say in the 1970s.

'''"the nature of the skyrocket's ascent"''' 
Chumps of Choice blog [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2007/01/dance-of-anarchy-and-change.html suggests] that this refers to ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

'''about the trajectories of your own lives''' 
Miles has divined that the Chums have adventures (the display) but also intervals when their movement is unsensed from outside: between the end of one of their novels and the beginning of the next one.

'''"Think, bloviators, think!"''' 
To bloviate means to speak or write at length in a pompous or boastful manner. CoC blog [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2007/01/dance-of-anarchy-and-change.html suggests] that this, coupled with the verbose allusion to ''Gravity's Rainbow'' above, is Pynchon's message to jargony commentators of his work, presumably in academia.

Presumably, us as well

'''By the time ''Inconvenience'' was ready to take once more to the sky''' 
Another damned anticlimax. They travel halfway around the world, Logistical Services puts on a big push to supply the experimental station, and we get ''not one single word'' about any data collected or knowledge gained as a result of Tesla's experiments.

'''President McKinley . . . naked woman . . . National Bird . . . something to eat . . . one of the Platonic polyhedra . . . draped female personage''' 
It is hard to see how the final figurehead choice is a "compromise" among these candidates.

==Page 113==

'''X.O.''' 
In many militaries' units, the executive officer (XO) is the second-in-command, reporting to the commanding officer (CO).

'''"contamination by the secular"''' 
Secular can be defined as "denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis." As the Chums have so far not been overtly religious, perhaps they mean secular in the spiritual sense?

Secular also means "worldly", as in, that which the Chums of Chance are literally above: 113: "That sort of bickering may be for ground people, but it is not for us."

'''Gloymbroognitz thidfusp''' 
Odd. Sounds like something from Adams' ''Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'', but isn't. Anyone?
Famous, surreal Polish writer of the 20th Century, Gombrowicz, Witold ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witold_Gombrowicz Wikipedia entry]). 
Miles is having trouble communicating in words. See p. 110 and 111
:When language fails him (an auditory communication), perhaps he is away among the Invisible.

'''Surabaya''' 
Today in Indonesia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surabaya Wikipedia entry]

'''"Special Japanese Oyster"''' 
The pearl that comes from this oyster that facilitates communications from the Chums' Upper Hierarchy is a result of Japanese experimentation "a pearl of quite uncommon size and iridescence, seeming indeed to glow
from within" that connects with the red calcite that powers the Q-weapon, as well as Merle's and Bounce's device later in the novel. [[Q-weapon and Photography|Read on...]]

This seems to be a standard mode of communication as the Chums get out the equipment, pull the blinds, etc., as if per usual.

The pearl as means of communication from the "Upper Hierarchy" bears some similarity to the Gnostic/Manichean/Eastern Orthodox passage from the apocryphal ''Acts of Thomas.'' called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymn_of_the_Pearl ''The Hymn of the Pearl'']. The gnostic gloss on the story is that we (here The Chums) are spirits lost in the world of matter who forget our true origin, until a divine being, i.e. "The Upper Hierarchy", sends a message by way of a revealer (usually Jesus, here the pearl) to help us remember our mission. 

In the hymn the son of the king of kings is sent to retrieve a pearl from a serpent. There is no obvious serpent at this point in AtD, but the Chums get the pearl in Surabaya, whose name derives from ''suro'' (shark) and ''baya'' (crocodile), in this case both white, which together bear a mytho-poetic parallel to, a "paramorphic encryption" of a serpent. 

And like the calcite that powers the Q-weapon, in Biblical studies there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_document Q] document which when mixed with the book of Mark yields Matthew and Luke. Prominent Biblical scholars theorize that such a book consisting of the saying of Jesus must exist based on textual analysis, but a copy has never been found. Certain texts are, as one of the Librarians says, "outside of time" but may be inferred from the evidence. (p.133)

The oysters are sold to Miles with "unusual persuasiveness" at "what did seem a remarkably attractive price." This might be an inversion, a "parable parody," a parody of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable_of_the_Pearl ''Parable of the Pearl.''] wherein Jesus likens the Kingdom of Heaven to a pearl of great price; whereas here, at first glance, Miles gets his pearl at discount. In re-reading it though, we are not actually told the pearl is cheap, but that whatever price it came at was remarkably attractive and unusually persuasive, in other words, the Kingdom of Heaven is an attractive bargain and persuasive at any rate of exchange with worldly goods.

It is of note that MILES gets the pearl, since he is the Chum able to enter the dimension of Invisibility (vs. visible). And it occurs after he fails to successfully master the auditory as well (language, above).

==Page 114==

'''Nernst lamps''' An early incandescent lamp invented by Hermann Nernst (1864-1941), which made use of a heated ceramic rod to produce light in ambient air (in contrast to Edison's incandescent, which required a vacuum to operate). [http://www.nernst.de/lamp/nernstlamp.htm Link]

'''Dr. Mikimoto (Kokichi)''' Produced the first cultured pearl in 1893 in Toba, Japan. As he left school at 13 to help support his family, any Doctorate he may have obtained must have been honorary.

And the Japanese:

:Through a highly secret technical process, developed in Japan at around the same time Dr. Mikimoto was producing his first cultured pearls, portions of the original aragonite which made up the nacreous layers of the pearl had, through “induced paramorphism,” as it was known to the artful sons of Nippon, been selectively changed here and there to a different form of calcium carbonate namely, to microscopic crystals of the doubly-refracting calcite known as Iceland spar.

'''Iceland Spar''' 
"Spar," in mineralogy: a transparent or translucent light-colored crystalline mineral, usually readily cleaved and somewhat lustrous; e.g. Iceland spar (calcite) . . . . (paraphrased from Bates & Jackson, ''Glossary of Geology,'' 2nd ed.)

See this handy "About Geology" page [http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blcalcite.htm], with an illustration demonstrating a spar's double-refraction effect on printed letters--remarkably like that on the cover of ATD! This kind of calcite has rhombohedral cleavage, because each of its faces is a rhombus, a warped rectangle in which none of the corners are square. Is each of the rectangular pages of ATD then a warped cleavage from some sort of crystalline whole, refracting its text in several directions at once? Of course, to the Chums the text message they receive from Upper Hierarchy has but one simple meaning. "Paramorphism" = the structural alteration of a mineral without any change in its external form or chemical composition.

And look at this too, how to make Iceland Spar animations:
[http://images.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgmay04/dwd/dwf1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artmay04/dwjpegcyc.html&h=300&w=400&sz=15&hl=it&start=12&tbnid=NQMhCqiW1apqNM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bspar%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dit]

Doubling / Advertisements / Stereo Lamps / Lounge / Beach Citadel / Restaurants / Brooklyn-Manhattan-Queens / Windows / Electromagnetic sun / Art Galleries / New Front / New Media / Doubling: New York 2000 (Summer) even in the multi-colored food. Talk about scent, high-end music and multifaceted sensorial experience. The reflection of candlelights in every television set.

'''divided into two separate rays, termed "ordinary" and "extraordinary" 
In the optics lab, physics students split a laser beam into two rays, which impinge on an object and are reflected onto a photographic plate, generating a hologram. The Japanese here anticipate the process, using the differently polarized rays (split by the Iceland spar) instead of laser light and replacing the plate with minute crystals in the pearl. The idea of three-dimensional holography and data storage in solid crystals would not resurface until the 1950s or 60s.

This parallels the doubling of people in AtD. So far we have seen Foley Walker as a double of Scarsdale Vibe.

'''the limitless mischief of pearls''' 
A book's worth of superstitions exist around pearls. Pearls bring tears. The bride must wear pearls. The bride who wears pearls will be unhappy. If your pearl loses its luster, you are about to die. A pearl dissolved in wine is a poison. A pearl dissolved in wine is a love potion.

'''get up buoyancy''' 
A surface ship "gets up steam" in preparation for departure. Another naval or nautical analog.

'''Etienne-Louis Malus''' 
1775-1812, a French officer and mathematician whose work was predominantly concerned with light. He studied ray systems, and his theory on polarisation was published in 1809. His theory of the double refraction of light in crystals was published in 1810. Malus is best known for his law describing intensity of light as it passes through polarized materials. There are delicious metaphorical implications for any reader of a Pynchon novel.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etienne-Louis_Malus Wikipedia] 

Malus is also the genus of the apple. And in Latin, ''malus'' means "bad," "evil," or "wicked." Note that in the narrative to come, the ship is frequently referred to simply as the Malus.

'''pearls''' 
Probably meant to contrast the "blindness at the heart of a diamond" referred to on p. 109. Pynchon may want to call to mind ''The Scarlet Letter'', in which Pearl, the child produced by the union of the protagonist, Hester Prynne, and the Rev. Dimsdale, becomes a symbol of beauty derived from sin (there, and likely here, represented by the grain of sand around which the pearl forms). This also serves to link the pearl to the ship Malus (above).

'''Dr. Alden Vormance''' "
Vormance's surname may be meant to combine "Romance" and "worm," calling to mind the Romantic exuberance that motivated 19th century exploratory expeditions as well as the serpent of the Biblical expulsion story. 
Another Pynchonian "V" name and we know what Pynchon thinks of "Romantic exuberance". See GR, at least. And a remark in ATD [to find]. 
Alternatively, Vormance may be a conflation of the German prefix ''vor-'' (meaning "forward" or "before") with the -mancy combining form (e.g. necromancy) meaning prophecy--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 12:38, 11 February 2007 (PST)

'''a strong presumption of Bad Taste''' 
The Chums seek to avoid this accusation just as Peter Pan tries to avert Captain Hook's taunt, "Bad form." The phrase occurs in J.M. Barrie's novel ''Peter Pan'' (''Peter and Wendy''), possibly also in the stage version, and again in the movie ''Hook.''

==Page 115==
'''(Johannes) Kepler''' 
(1571-1630), mathematician best known for his laws of planetary motion, one of the foundations of Isaac Newton's theory of gravity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler Wikipedia] Kepler was a Platonist who believed that mathematics and music were instrinsically linked[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_spheres] and that both were signs of God, as the physical and spiritual were linked. We have already seen many examples in AtD of mysterious singing, humming, and other noises coming out of the atmosphere.

'''Edmond Halley''' 
1656-1742, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Halley Halley] was an English physical scientist most remembered for the comet he which he predicted would return. In 1692 he proposed that the earth was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_Earth hollow]. In 1698 he departed on a two year voyage as captain of the HMS Paramore in order to measure variations in the Earth's magnetic field. In 1716 he suggested timing the transit of Venus to determine the distance between the earth and the sun.

'''(Leonhard) Euler''' 
The method of traverse (pun ignored) by which the Chums proceed became known as a Symmes' Hole after John Cleeves Symmes who, in 1818 circulated a pamphlet arguing for the existence of such holes in the polar regions and further volunteered to lead an expedition to said regions.

Symmes' following lecture tours were further carried forth by one J.N. Reynolds. "[Edgar Allen] Poe is said to have repeatedly called out the name "Reynolds" on the night before his death, though no one has ever been able to identify the person to whom he referred." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_allen_poe Edgar Allen Poe's] first published short story, "Ms. Found in a Bottle" (1833) took, as its premise, the existence of Symmes' Holes: theoretical holes in the polar areas which led to a hollow interior. And his novel ''The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym'' recounts a voyage to the South Pole, where suddenly everything gets warmer and the sailors find themselves approaching the entrance to a hollow earth. For a Wikipedia discussion,[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Narrative_of_Arthur_Gordon_Pym_of_Nantucket]

:Research has its charms, but so does mindless surfing. [http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/2007/03/ This blog] presents a map of the Earth inside the Earth, complete with Shambhala. The layout unfortunately doesn't fit the ''AtD'' account, but it's quite funny.

'''the great portal . . . ''noticeably smaller''''' 
Unrelieved light is unendurable; the entry into the Earth offers shadow, but the region of shelter has shrunk. Unrelieved ultraviolet light is deadly; the "ozone layer" in the atmosphere serves as protection, but the cover has shrunk—particularly in the Antarctic—as the "ozone hole" has grown larger. A small parallel, but it forwards the theme a little.
:Wouldn't additional warmth bring a ''larger'' opening?

'''the airship entered the planet's interior''' 
As did Jeremiah Dixon in [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_55:_542-553#Page_548 ''Mason & Dixon''], Pynchon's 1997 novel, guided by what seemed to be an extraterrestrial Being. This passage links the two books interestingly, as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_earth Hollow Earth] is a fairly prominent trope in ''M&D'', although there is no mention of the portal's small size. Has it shrunken because the theory is losing ground?

==Page 116==

'''vatic''' 
Prophetic. [http://dictionary.reference.com/wordoftheday/archive/2004/10/21.html [def]]

'''this is a self-protective reflex''' 
In his mystical phase Miles proves to be a believer in [http://www.ecolo.org/lovelock/ James Lovelock's "Gaia."]

'''the ship's nitro-lycopodium engines''' 
''Inconvenience'' has gone through a major refit, apparently: no more hydrogen power. Lycopodium consists of spores from a club moss, usually ''Lycopodium clavatum.'' It is a highly flammable yellowish powder. Photographers used it for flash illumination. In principle, an internal combustion engine can run on a powdered fuel, though difficulties abound in practice. The "nitro" part is a puzzle; nitromethane (called "nitro" or, in drag racing, simply "fuel") seems the most obvious reference. Do the ship's engines use a slurry of lycopodium in nitromethane? That would be a tricky fuel to handle. 
I don't think "nitro" refers to a particular, separate substance. The prefix nitro- indicates a substance whose molecules have the group NO2 attached to them. The oxygen in this group is easily released, with the result that nitro-compounds usually burn very rapidly and intensely, effectively having their own internal oxygen supply. Strictly the prefix should be applied to well defined molecular species such as nitromethane, nitrobenzene, etc, etc. However it is also used for complex biological substances treated with a nitrating agent such as nitric acid: nitrocotton (gun cotton) is a common example. Pynchon has probably invented nitro-lycopodium as a plausible though non-existent propellant, in the fashion we're accustomed to seeing with him.--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 06:57, 11 February 2007 (PST)

That is probably right, and a good point. "Plausible though non-existent" in Pynchon works because it is surrounded by the ''existent'' or prospectively existent: A modest collection of real ''AtD'' minerals/rocks/gems (lorandite, jade, Iceland spar) makes a context in which "Special Japanese Pearl" can nestle. Similarly, nitro-lycopodium falls into a class that already contains hydrogen, coal, muscle power (wheelfolk), petroleum derivatives and waterfalls. And Pynchon's fictional history is underpinned by historical events described in the ''Encyclopedia Britannica.''

'''night-glass''' 
Telescopes and binoculars are described by their magnifying power (say 7X) and the diameter of their objective lens or "pupil" (say 35 mm). For many years 7X35 binoculars were a practical compromise for field use (army issue, etc.), but these were useless at night because they could not collect enough light. "Night" binoculars might be 7X50 or even larger. Similarly, a night-glass is a telescope with an oversized lens in front.

'''electrical sound-magnifier''' 
What would come to be called an ''amplifier'' in post-Chums times.

'''human timbres and rhythms, not speech so much as music''' 
Again the "choir" image as on [[ATD_1-25#Page_19|page 19.]] The Music of the Spheres as well.

==Page 117==

'''bolts of intense greenish light''' 
Hmm, the Chums are getting the same view of this war as America got of the "Shock and Awe" campaign in Baghdad.

'''In an emergency, that choice lies at the Commander's discretion''' 
Not the people. Freedom of speech and the President's sole decision to go into war resembles some sort of Catch-22 paradox. Its what maintains a Dynasty in power for years, decades or even centuries. Its about money, power and greed. Not freedom or humanity.

'''My word, she's lovely!''' 
Woman is always a good excuse when you are under extreme fear and consciously unable to talk or show fear because you are afraid of your leader and the whole appalling situation at hand. Pressure could be easily redeemed by spitting at someone's face. Its all intuition. Sometimes you have to learn to say fuck it and break the glass against the wall. Only if you feel what they are commanding you to do is wrong, evil or unethical. Corporate America works under fear and secrecy. Keep you controlled.

'''the byzantine politics of the region''' 
Byzantine: fiendishly complicated, from ''Byzantium,'' the name of the city that would later become Constantinople and later again Istanbul. The claim indicates that Inner Earth has politics similar to those of Outer Earth.

'''royal court of Chthonica''' 
The adjective ''chthonic'' means "of the earth" or "of the underworld" and is often used to refer to the gods and other entities residing under the surface of the earth. The adjective is used creatively, and most famously, in the fictional works of H.P. Lovecraft ... a chief deity of his ficitional universe being Cthulhu.

'''Plutonia''' 
[http://www.trussel.com/prehist/plutonia.htm ''Plutonia''] is the title of a novel written by Russian geologist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Obruchev Vladimir Obruchev], published in 1915. According to [http://www.sfsite.com/fsf/2000/cur0002.htm this sf site], it's a hollow-earth story.

The "Plutonist" movement, as opposed to the "Neptunist", was quite in vogue in the late 1800s, being a theory of geography which held that the interior heat of the earth was somehow responsible for various geological processes.

'''Tunbridge Wells''' 
[http://www.icons.org.uk/nom/nominations/disgusted-of-tunbridge-wells "Disgusted of Tunbridge Wells"] is an archetypal figure of conservative England whose correspondence can be found frequently in newspapers railing at the latest outrages of modernity. Tunbridge Wells briefly features in Gravity's Rainbow.

On whether this and the subterranean adventure may allude to ''Gravity's Rainbow,'' see [[Talk:ATD_97-118|Discussion]].

'''my harmless little intraterrestrial scherzo''' 
Once again, the unseen narrator appears. By inference, the narrator is also the author of the various ''Chums of Chance...'' books referenced in ATD. This episode's also a little ''inter-textual'' scherzo: Poe (''Arthur Gordon Pym''), Jules Verne, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_the_Earth%27s_Core_%28novel%29 Edgar Rice Burroughs and Pelucidar], ''Star Trek'', Indiana Jones and the Hollow Earth... and Jeremiah Dixon's own underground journey in M&D. Doesn't Chick Counterfly sound rather Spockian here (cf. 115, bottom)?

==Page 118==

'''a tiny circle of brightness far ahead''' 
Literally "the light at the end of the tunnel," a metaphor used repeatedly, and to no good effect, by American political leaders starting some weeks after the beginning of the Vietnam War.

'''a tricky bit of steering''' 
If you emerge at the North Pole, every way you steer is south, so ''which'' south will take you to the rendezvous?

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}