Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

ATD cover analysis

2007-10-22T11:49:40Z

Torerye:

[[Image:ATD_oldcover.jpg|thumb|Earlier version of the cover|right]]
[[Image:ATD_finalcover.jpg|150px|thumb|''Against the Day'' Final cover - design by Michael Ian Kaye|right]]

==The Dustjacket==
The final cover of ''Against the Day'' is pretty minimalist, depicting an aged, slightly yellowing book or manuscript in reference to the novel's setting, 1893 through World War I, and the book's mock-recreation of prose from that era.

We also know that an earlier version of the cover was circulated in promotional material before the novel's release. Note that in the earlier cover, the red seal looks slightly different, with the writing continuing in an unbroken circle. The slight changes indicate that Pynchon was probably involved in the design process, as he was with ''Mason & Dixon'' (where the ampersand was changed at his request), and the cover is thus fair game in any textual analysis.

The book cover is designed by [http://www.metropolismag.com/html/content_1298/de98boo.htm Michael Ian Kaye], who also designed the cover for the current paperback edition of ''Slow Learner''. This seems to indicate that Pynchon likes Kaye's previous work.

The generally white color of the cover ties in with the light/dark metaphor that Pynchon weaves into the novel. Perhaps the cover is also largely bare so that the "reader can decide," as Pynchon writes in the book's [[Against_the_Day_description|description]], with minimal outside interference from anything but the text itself.

The writing on the cover seems to cast shadows behind it. The shadows are likely meant to simulate the double refraction one experiences when looking through a piece of Iceland Spar, but on closer inspection the writing is not doubled, but tripled, and the typefaces are different. The upper layer is a modern sans-serif font, the middle layer is an older serif font, and the bottom layer is once again a modern sans-serif font. This corresponds nicely with the fact that the novel straddles the period where the world moved from the 19th century into the modern age. It could also represent the book in parallel universes seen through the spar.

If we assume that the "grey" title and author's name are indeed shadows then it would seem that the shadows are cast from more than one light source - and it may be from more than two light sources too as not all the letters appear to be shifted to the same degree and direction in the "shadows". Again this may be taken as representing that the book should be viewed from - or in fact is presented as from - several different perspectives as to time, place, political position etc.

Of course it should also be borne in mind that if the grey titles and author's name were shadows, there would only be one typeface, so perhaps this is all going up the wrong path! Maybe it is merely overprinting, and the version of the book we have is the third draft of the novel, and the different typefaces somehow reflect something about the imperatives or forces behind the re-drafting.

==The Advance Reading Copies==
In another instance of doubling, the ARC of the U.S./Penguin edition of ''Against the Day'' has white wraps (covers) with black lettering, whereas the British/Jonathan Cape ARC has black wraps with white lettering (the published hardcover is the same as the U.S. edition, however). Both ARC's are quite rare 200 of the Penguin and 77 of the Jonathan Cape.

==The Red Seal==
The red seal on the cover is Tibetan, and the image in the center of the seal is a Tibetan Snow Lion in front of three mountain peaks. The Snow Lion is a mythical creature which also appears in Tibet's flag.

[[image:ATD_stamp.gif|left]]The text in the seal is written in the Tibetan language and it says: Bod gzhung tschong don gcod (pronounced: Bö sjung tsong dön tjö), which means: Trade Representative of the Tibetan Government.

A slightly different translation is provided by somebody who posts regularly to Pynchon-l under the name "Ya Sam", who reports that :

I contacted the Tibetan Cultural Centre with the request to translate
the mysterious legend on the AtD seal. They were kind enough to forward my
request to the Tibetan tranlsator Tenzin Namgyal to whose generosity we
owe the solution of one more ATD related mystery.

It is the Tibetan language, alright, and it means ...... Tibetan
Government Chamber of Commerce.

Read their response below:

:Dear Ya Sam, 
:I showed the seal you sent to our Tibetan translator, Tenzin Namgyal. He says the word to word translation is: Tibetan Government Commerce Chamber in other words: Tibetan Government Chamber of commerce. Why Pynchon has chosen to place this on the cover of his book is anyones guess. Reading the book reviews gave no insight into the reason. Perhaps after one has read it?

:Best wishes,

:Sandy Belth 
:Tibetan Cultural Center

==Two Covers==

Additionally, the front and back covers and spine depict a "picture" of the book, ''Against the Day'' (note how the seal is broken, and the cover depicted contains fine details such as edge-rubbing and even small tears to the dust jacket at lower front edge).

This is another instance of a doubling/layering of the real and unreal, the actual and represented worlds, the past and the present. But notably, also, the cover is similar to the postcard Veikko receives from his sister in Finland (p. 84), upon which both the stamps and postmarks are "not real . . . pictures of postmarks" (which had been invalidated by the Russians). Webb calls it a ''Minneskort,'' "a postcard with a picture of what a postcard used to look like . . . ." "Memory card," Veikko clarifies, "a memory of a memory."

The first edition of ''Against the Day'' was issued with two different bindings beneath the dustjacket: One variant has a light green back over khaki boards, and the other variant has a red-brown back over cream-colored boards. This variation in the bindings could be a simple matter of the availability of binding material, but it is tempting to read it as another instance of the doubling motif of the book.

==Let's Get Cynical==

'''From ''The New York Times Book Review'', February 11, 2007:'''

Over the last 30 years, for blockbuster authors from Dean Koontz and Danielle Steel to Joan Didion and John Cheever, a whole design style has sprung up called "the big book look." Its chief elements are a large author name, a large title and, often, a smallish iconic image. The goal is to make the book "pop" on the shelf, to make it more "punched out and vibrant," in the words of Jonathan Burnham, the publisher of HarperCollins.

Pagination Blues

2007-10-22T11:30:06Z

Torerye:

[[image:atd_uk-paperback.jpg|caption|UK Paperback|thumb|175px]][[image:atd_usa-paperback.jpg|caption|USA Paperback|thumb|175px|right]]Apparently, the soon-to-be-published UK edition of ''Against the Day'' will be paginated very differently from the hardback edition. The USA/Penguin paperback edition will, thankfully, retain the pagination of the original hardback edition.

Thanks to Dr. Basileios Drolias, proprietor of the [http://againsttheday.wordpress.com ''Against the Day'' blog] for this info.

I suppose worst-case scenario is that readers who want to take full advantage of this wiki will have to get themselves the original hardback or one of the many contributors will devise a page-conversion equation.

[[User:WikiAdmin|WikiAdmin]] 08:01, 7 October 2007 (PDT)

==The UK Paperback Pagination==

Basileios Drolias has sent along the differences in pagination between the UK and USA hardback editions and the forthcoming UK paperback. The first entry is the hardback edition; the second is the UK paperback edition. He also includes a first pass estimated formula for converting page numbers:

:Part 1 page 1 | page 1
:Part 2 page 119 | page 133
:Part 3 page 429 | page 483
:Part 4 page 695 | page 781
:Part 5 page 1063 | page 1195
:last page: page 1085 | page 1220

:The best factor for translating from one page to the other seems to be close to 1.1237. Still not 100% accurate.

[[User:WikiAdmin|WikiAdmin]] 07:11, 9 October 2007 (PDT)

==Random House UK Explains==

I emailed Random House UK Marketing's Tom Avery, asking why they changed the pagination for the paperback edition. His reply:

:I’m afraid the decision to alter the pagination was made from a practical perspective – as we are publishing in B format, retaining the same page size would render the text microscopic.

FYI: "Paperback (B format)" means that the size of the book is 198mm x 129mm (7.8" x 5"). You may also see paperback editions of books advertised as "A format." This means that the size of the book is 178mm x 110mm (7" x 4.3").

Interestingly, both the Penguin and Jonathan Cape (Random House UK) ARCs of ''Against the Day'' were printed in "C format" (235mm x 153mm / 9.25" x 6") aka "Royal Octavo."

[http://www.wildandwoolley.com.au/self_publish/getting_started More on publishing formats...]

[[User:WikiAdmin|WikiAdmin]] 08:18, 11 October 2007 (PDT)

==Further Discussion==
Well, let's stop blaming Penguin before we actually have the paperback in our hands. Based on the evidence so far, I do belive that the US paperback will have the same pagination as the first edition: Amazon as well as Penguin's own website state that the paperback runs to 1104 pages. In all likelihood, this page count shouldn't be regarded as the number of numbered pages, but as the total number of pages in the book. Thus, many websites originally listed the page count of the first edition at 1104 pages, and if you include the unnumbered pages of the front and back matter of the first edition, it does in fact run to 1104 pages.

This doesn't necessarily mean, of course, that the US paperback will end up with the stated number of pages. The stated page count of the first edition changed back and forth a number of times in the months leading up to publication, and the page count of the US paperback can still be changed. If it stays at 1104 pages, though, I think it likely that this translates into 1085 numbered pages.

I've also got my hands on a copy of the UK paperback, and it is correct that this edition has a different page count. Amazon.co.uk lists the page count as 1234 pages, but the actual number of numbered pages is 1220 (again, note the difference between the total number of pages and the numbered pages). The good news is that most of the many typos from the first edition have been corrected in this edition. The bad news is that the print is vanishingly small - practically unreadable - and, of course, that the page count differs from the first edition.

So let's hope that the page count of the US paperback remains at 1104/1085, and that the many errors have been corrected here as well. Then we would have a decent standard text from which to proceed.

[[User:Torerye|Torerye]] 00:48, 9 October 2007 (PDT)

UPDATE: I've also managed to get my hands on a copy of the US paperback, and I can confirm that it has the same pagination as the first edition (1085 numbered pages). Most of the many errors from the first edition have been corrected in the Penguin paperback, so for scholarly (and our) purposes, the text in the paperback should supplant the first edition as the new standard text.
Furthermore, the type in the US paperback is surprisingly readable. I had feared that the reduction of the page size would make the type size uncomfortably small, but by reducing the size of the margin, Penguin has managed to retain a very readable type size (as opposed to the minuscule print in the UK paperback). So kudos to Penguin for a nice job, both with regard to the text and the wonderfully dynamic cover.

[[User:Torerye|Torerye]] 04:30, 22 October 2007 (PDT)

Pagination is determined by type size, font and page set-up as well as the height and width size of the book. Given those choices, the pagination of the book becomes mathematical. 

And, although I do not believe in buying 'used' books for authors I would like to get whatever not-usually-enough royalties they deserve, there are many 'used' hardcover AtDs available very cheap. 
[Buy new for Jackson is my motto] [[User:MKOHUT|MKOHUT]] 17:23, 21 October 2007 (PDT)

Re: publishing formats: 
Although I am not fully familiar with American book production lingo, in my time in publishing, I never heard paperback formats referred to as A-B-C, etc. A-and there seem to be more size possibilities in American houses, sizes referred to in inches, of course; most common sizes being 5.5 x 8.5 and 6 x 9.

Errata

2007-10-22T11:15:12Z

Torerye: Deleted a couple of erroneous errata

The following list provides '''errata''' for ''[[Against the Day]],'' indicating places where readers have found misspellings, punctuation gaffes or other similar errors. Please note that some of these "mistakes" may be deliberate stylistic choices on the author's part.

== Errata in first printing (Nov. 2006), first US edition ==

[[Against the Day description|Front flap]]: "Nikolai" Tesla, elsewhere (and conventionally) "Nikola"

Copyright page line 1: "VIKING" (should be "PENGUIN PRESS")

Copyright page line 16: "Viking Penguin" (should be "Penguin Press")

Page 63 line 14 "Unless," Ed pointed out, ["]it ''is'' God."

Page 82 line 1 "richochets"

Page 82 line 30 "Cour d'Alene"

Page 87 line 12 "be" doubled

Page 87 line 31-32 "ridegerunning"

Page 92 line 15 "what" doubled

Page 116 line 39 "de[c]lared"

Pae 236 line 10: "Headingly" (should be "Headingley")

Page 236 line 38: "exhiliration"

Page 240 line 8 "Re[n]frew"

Page 248 line 18: ''Culo'',[']"

Page 254 line 31 "recon[n]aissance"

Page 284 line 19: tartalan should be tarlatan

Page 307 line 14 how about that?["]

Page 334 line 19 "of" doubled

Page 348 line 1 "sixth" should be "Sixth"

Page 369 line 11 "guignette" should be "guinguette"

:Are you certain about this? [[User:WikiAdmin|WikiAdmin]] 15:38, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

Page 374 line 20 "that" should be "than"

Page 380 line 24 "Sergeant, Vasquez" should be "Sergeant Vasquez"

Page 385 line 34 "knowss"

Page 399 line 33-34 "were" should be "was" to agree with "band"

Page 409 line 17 "Wellesianism"

Page 420 line 28 "opportunit[i]es"

Page 427 line 7 "esssential"

Page 440 line 33 "sib[i]lance"

Page 490 line 16 "Phil[l]ippa"

Page 503 line 25 "The cycle, Yashmeen, speculated, might..."

Page 505 line 1 "momument"

Page 513 line 11 "smlled"

Page 515 line 32 "th[r]oughout"

Page 515 line 39 last line: "Root Tubsmith had discovered this much [this] from nosing around"

Page 517 line 15 "''Haupthei[t]zer''" (In this and next 2 entries, consider the possibility that Pynchon used a contemporary source (1890s to 1910s) containing an archaic spelling with the '''tz.''')

Page 517 line 25 "Oberhaupthei[t]zer"

Page 518 line 1 "off" for "of"

Page 519 line 16 "Oberhaupthei[t]zer"

Page 521 line 22 "Kit, not convinced he had a future in the Habsburg navy, had decided to debark here, and quickly found a room between the port and the Mogador road and begun hanging around..." — if, beginning with the word "found," the verb forms switch in this sentence from the past participle ("had decided") to the simple past/preterite, then "begun" should read: "began".

Page 522 line 17 "alimzah" should be "azlimzah"

Page 524 line 10 "exhilirated"

Page 531 Line 13 "rende[z]vous"

Page 534 Line 4 "they perverted what the Vectorists thought they know of God's intention" — should be: "thought they knew"?

Page 548 line 24 "harbors," comma should be period

Page 552 line 23 "be" doubled

Page 563 line 36 "''mo[d]erskont''" (?)

Page 566 line 36 "''Kon[n]ichiwa''"

Page 616 line 21 dueling transliterations: "Izmeren[i]ye"

Page 623 line 18 ''Verfluchte[r]''

Page 636 line 4 "f[r]om"

Page 652 line 12 "opportunit[i]es"

Page 680 line 10 "Colonnel"

Page 726 line 26 "Adam[s]

Page 766 line 25 "Rimpung" should be "Rinpung"

Page 778 line 1 "have [to] go"

Page 782 line 16 "when" doubled

Page 786 line 5 "th[r]ough"

Page 790 line 5-6 "interrested"

Page 790 line 24 "a[r]rival"

Page 799 line 4 "st[r]eet"

Page 801 line 12 "susceptib[i]lity"

Page 831 line 5 "ar[t]ificial"

Page 880 line 38 "Gradengio" for Gradenigo

Page 887 line 25 "endlessless" for endlessness

Page 896 line 37 "''Tallis'' Fantasia" [of Vaughan Williams]: misleading italics

Page 900 line 19 "the" doubled

Page 915 line 16 "perfo[r]ming"

Page 943 line 4 "Ou[t]side"

Page 943 line 36 "unfor[e]seen [variant, 'fore' used elsewhere]

Page 968 line 27 "every[b]ody"

Page 971 line 4 "were" doubled

Page 1000 line 14 final period omitted from L.A.H.D.I.H.D.A[]

Page 1034 line 7 "Thickbush" [vs. "Thick Bush" at 8.3]

Page 1036 line 36 "querelans" [vs. "querulans" at 455.16]

Page 1036 line 32 "'Dick' Counterfly" [vs. double quotation marks on pp. 1034–35, 1037–38]

Page 1037 line 29 "tran[s]parencies"

Page 1049 line 21 ""Roswell" for "Roswell"

Page 1071 line 35 "''Um''" for "''Un''"

Page 1074 line 26 "...Reef, Stray, and Ljubica returned..." should be Yashmeen, not Stray (Estrella)

Page 1087 ("ABOUT THE AUTHOR"): lists ''Mason '''and''' Dixon,'' rather than ''Mason '''&''' Dixon'' as given on the "Also by Thomas Pynchon" page in the front matter.

'''Back Flap:''' ''Mason '''and''' Dixon''
[[Category:ATD]]

Pagination Blues

2007-10-09T07:48:22Z

Torerye:

I guess it should have been anticipated. Perhaps the publishers don't have a clue of the importance of the pagination of a gigantic Pynchon novel. Or Pynchon sees the obsessive analysis of his work as a Routinization of Charisma? Whatever the case, the pagination in the current ''AtD'' wiki is to have its soft-cover variants and we'll just have to deal.

I just got the news this morning from Dr. Basileios Drolias, proprietor of [http://againsttheday.wordpress.com the ''Against the Day'' blog]. I haven't yet seen the paperback so don't know how different it is.

I suppose worst-case scenario is that readers who want to take full advantage of this wiki will have to get themselves the original hardback (hmmm ... no, impossible! an economic reason to change the pagination?...) or one of the many contributors will devise a page-conversion equation.

[[User:WikiAdmin|WikiAdmin]] 08:01, 7 October 2007 (PDT)

Well, let's stop blaming Penguin before we actually have the paperback in our hands. Based on the evidence so far, I do belive that the US paperback will have the same pagination as the first edition: Amazon as well as Penguin's own website state that the paperback runs to 1104 pages. In all likelihood, this page count shouldn't be regarded as the number of numbered pages, but as the total number of pages in the book. Thus, many websites originally listed the page count of the first edition at 1104 pages, and if you include the unnumbered pages of the front and back matter of the first edition, it does in fact run to 1104 pages.

This doesn't necessarily mean, of course, that the US paperback will end up with the stated number of pages. The stated page count of the first edition changed back and forth a number of times in the months leading up to publication, and the page count of the US paperback can still be changed. If it stays at 1104 pages, though, I think it likely that this translates into 1085 numbered pages.

I've also got my hands on a copy of the UK paperback, and it is correct that this edition has a different page count. Amazon.co.uk lists the page count as 1234 pages, but the actual number of numbered pages is 1220 (again, note the difference between the total number of pages and the numbered pages). The good news is that most of the many typos from the first edition have been corrected in this edition. The bad news is that the print is vanishingly small - practically unreadble - and, of course, that the page count differs from the first edition.

So let's hope that the page count of the US paperback remains at 1104/1085, and that the many errors have been corrected here as well. Then we would have a decent standard text from which to proceed.

[[User:Torerye|Torerye]] 00:48, 9 October 2007 (PDT)

ATD cover analysis

2007-06-28T11:37:54Z

Torerye: Cleared up a bit, removed some redundancy, and changed the number of British ARCs from 86 to 77 (I own copy 77 of 77).

[[Image:ATD_oldcover.jpg|thumb|Earlier version of the cover|right]]
[[Image:ATD_finalcover.jpg|150px|thumb|''Against the Day'' Final cover - design by Michael Ian Kaye|right]]

==The Dustjacket==
The final cover of ''Against the Day'' is pretty minimalist, depicting an aged, slightly yellowing book or manuscript in reference to the novel's setting, 1893 through World War I, and the book's mock-recreation of prose from that era.

We also know that an earlier version of the cover was circulated in promotional material before the novel's release. Note that in the earlier cover, the mysterious red seal looks slightly different, with the writing continuing in an unbroken circle. The slight changes indicate that Pynchon was probably involved in the design process, as he was with ''Mason & Dixon'' (where the ampersand was changed at his request), and the cover is thus fair game in any textual analysis.

The book cover is designed by [http://www.metropolismag.com/html/content_1298/de98boo.htm Michael Ian Kaye], who also designed the cover for the current paperback edition of ''Slow Learner''. This probably indicates that Pynchon likes Kaye's previous work.

The generally white color of the cover ties in with the light/dark metaphor that Pynchon weaves into the novel. Perhaps the cover is also largely bare so that the "reader can decide," as Pynchon writes in the book's [[Against_the_Day_description|description]], with minimal outside interference from anything but the text itself.

The writing on the cover seems to cast shadows behind it. The shadows are likely meant to simulate the double refraction one experiences when looking through a piece of Iceland Spar, but on closer inspection the writing is not doubled, but tripled, and the typefaces are different. The upper layer is a modern sans-serif font, the middle layer is an older serif font, and the bottom layer is once again a modern sans-serif font. This may indicate that the novel straddles the period where the world moved from the 19th century into the modern age. It could also represent the book in parallel universes seen through the spar.

If we assume that the "grey" title and author's name are indeed shadows then it would seem that the shadows are cast from more than one light source - and it may be from more than two light sources too as not all the letters appear to be shifted to the same degree and direction in the "shadows". Again this may be taken as representing that the book should be viewed from - or in fact is presented as from - several different perspectives as to time, place, political position etc.

Of course it should also be borne in mind that if the grey titles and author's name were shadows, there would only be one typeface, so perhaps this is all going up the wrong path! Maybe it is merely overprinting, and the version of the book we have is the third draft of the novel, and the different typefaces somehow reflect something about the imperatives or forces behind the re-drafting.

==The Advance Reading Copies==
In another instance of doubling, the ARC of the U.S./Penguin edition of ''Against the Day'' has white wraps (covers) with black lettering, whereas the British/Jonathan Cape ARC has black wraps with white lettering (the published hardcover is the same as the U.S. edition, however). Both ARC's are quite rare 200 of the Penguin and 77 of the Jonathan Cape.

==The Red Seal==
The red seal on the cover is Tibetan, and the image in the center of the seal is a Tibetan Snow Lion in front of three mountain peaks. The Snow Lion is a mythical creature which also appears in Tibet's flag.

[[image:ATD_stamp.gif|left]]The text in the seal is written in the Tibetan language and it says: Bod gzhung tschong don gcod (pronounced: Bö sjung tsong dön tjö), which means: Trade Representative of the Tibetan Government.

A slightly different translation is provided by somebody who posts regularly to Pynchon-l under the name "Ya Sam", who reports that :

I contacted the Tibetan Cultural Centre with the request to translate
the mysterious legend on the AtD seal. They were kind enough to forward my
request to the Tibetan tranlsator Tenzin Namgyal to whose generosity we
owe the solution of one more ATD related mystery.

It is the Tibetan language, alright, and it means ...... Tibetan
Government Chamber of Commerce.

Read their response below:

:Dear Ya Sam, 
:I showed the seal you sent to our Tibetan translator, Tenzin Namgyal. He says the word to word translation is: Tibetan Government Commerce Chamber in other words: Tibetan Government Chamber of commerce. Why Pynchon has chosen to place this on the cover of his book is anyones guess. Reading the book reviews gave no insight into the reason. Perhaps after one has read it?

:Best wishes,

:Sandy Belth 
:Tibetan Cultural Center

==Two Covers==

Additionally, the front and back covers and spine depict a "picture" of the book, ''Against the Day'' (note how the seal is broken, and the cover depicted contains fine details such as edge-rubbing and even small tears to the dust jacket at lower front edge).

This is another instance of a doubling/layering of the real and unreal, the actual and represented worlds, the past and the present. But notably, also, the cover is similar to the postcard Veikko receives from his sister in Finland (p. 84), upon which both the stamps and postmarks are "not real . . . pictures of postmarks" (which had been invalidated by the Russians). Webb calls it a ''Minneskort,'' "a postcard with a picture of what a postcard used to look like . . . ." "Memory card," Veikko clarifies, "a memory of a memory."

In yet another instance of the doubling motif, the first edition of ''Against the Day'' was issued with two different bindings beneath the dustjacket: One variant has a light green back over khaki boards, and the other variant has a red-brown back over cream-colored boards. It isn't clear whether this variation in the bindings is a simple matter of the availability of binding material, or whether it - like the complex dust jacket - ties into themes in the book.

==Let's Get Cynical==

'''From ''The New York Times Book Review'', February 11, 2007:'''

Over the last 30 years, for blockbuster authors from Dean Koontz and Danielle Steel to Joan Didion and John Cheever, a whole design style has sprung up called "the big book look." Its chief elements are a large author name, a large title and, often, a smallish iconic image. The goal is to make the book "pop" on the shelf, to make it more "punched out and vibrant," in the words of Jonathan Burnham, the publisher of HarperCollins.

ATD 489-524

2007-04-16T08:05:04Z

Torerye: Bodine's title (517)

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 489==

'''Neville . . . Nigel''' 
Lew's rescuers after the attempt to blow him up in Colorado, page 185.

'''stage left or audience left?''' 
A theater has two directions called left. "Stage left" is to the left of the performers as they face the audience. "House left" or "audience left" is to the left of an audience member facing the stage.

'''desolate sighs''' 
(They're not gay?)

'''embryo Apostlet''' 
The Cambridge Apostles, also known as the Cambridge Conversazione Society, is an elite intellectual secret society at Cambridge University, founded in 1820 by George Tomlinson, a Cambridge student who went on to become the Bishop of Gibraltar. Undergraduates being considered for membership are called "embryos" and are invited to "embryo parties," where members judge whether the student should be invited to join. "-let" is a common suffix that denotes smallness or youth, like droplet (small drop) or piglet or eyelet &c &c..., thus, a young Apostle. [[Cambridge Apostles|More on the Cambridge Apostles and the Cambridge spy ring...]]

'''Cyprian Latewood''' 
The name connects the character to the Greek demigod Orpheus. When Cyprian arrives, with Reef and Yashmeen, at the convent in the Balkans (Thrace) ([[ATD_946-975#Page 956|p. 956]]), he is greeted with "Welcome home." Thrace was the birthplace of Orpheus.

'''"Cyprian":''' 
:After Orpheus loses Eurydice forever by turning to see if she's still following him out of the underworld, he never loves another woman, turning instead to young boys. One of Greek god Apollo's beloved boys, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyparissus Cyparissus], loves a beautiful tame stag that he accidentally kills with a spear. In his grief, Apollo turns him into a cypress tree. The Cypress was one of the trees Orpheus charmed with song, according to [[Cyprian Latewood|Ovid in his ''Metamorphoses'']].

'''"Latewood":''' 
:The "late wood" is the outer portion of the growth ring on a tree, more dense than the "early wood" which appears early in the growing season, appearing later in the season, usually summer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_ring Wikipedia entry]. The tree connection is strong. It was said that Orpheus could even charm the trees, and Rilke (who figures prominently in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow'']) in the first of his ''Sonnets to Orpheus'', begins:

::Tree arising! O pure ascendance!
::Orpheus Sings! Towering tree within the ear!
::Everywhere stillness, yet in this abeyance:
::seeds of change and new beginnings near.

[[Cyprian Latewood|More about this connection...]]

'''sod''' 
Not simply the term for a disagreeable person but specifically a homosexual; short for ''sodomite.''

'''Eastern wog''' 
Cf p222.

'''The German Sea''' 
A public house; the name occurs again with a different meaning at the end of this chapter.

'''sub-Clerkenwell''' 
Clerkenwell is a neighborhood in London that has a reputation for producing the highest quality of watches, clocks and jewellery. A sub-Clerkenwell trinket would be a poorly made trinket

'''annoyance''' 
(Why?)
:the other's penis seemed larger than one's own?
::Annoyance not because of the penises but because they are rivals. Lethargic not because of the penises but because they aren't getting anywhere in their courtship. Finally, "each regarding the other's penis" because even straight men can't deny that that's one of the things they look at in the steamroom.

==Page 490==

'''gyps''' 
A gyp is a college servant, whose office is that of a gentleman's valet, waiting on two or more collegians in the University of Cambridge. He differs from a bed-maker, inasmuch as he does not make beds; but he runs on errands, waits at table, wakes men for morning chapel, brushes their clothes, and so on. His perquisites are innumerable, and he is called a "gyp" (Greek: vulture) because he preys upon his employer like a vulture. At Oxford they are called scouts. [http://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/brewers/gyp.html]

[[image:ByronsPool.jpg|thumb|Byron's Pool|100px|right]]'''Byron's Pool''' 
A conservation area in Cambridge. The pool is named after the romantic poet Lord Byron, who is believed to have enjoyed swimming there. Byron studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, starting in 1805.

'''"Div!"''' 
Probably short for "divine!" Of course, if these kids were Vectorists they would be aware of the double ''entendre'' with the '''div''' (divergence) operator.

'''"Whizzo!"''' 
An early-twentieth century English slang expression of delight. Uttered earlier, by Neville or Nigel, on introducing Lew to the Tarot deck, page 186.

'''''"That'' is that of which ''I'' speak!"''' 
prob. homosexuality. cf. "I am the Love that dare not speak its name." -- Lord Alfred Douglas's poem 'Two Loves' in ''Chameleon'' ca. 1896.

Made more famous as an utterance by Oscar Wilde during his trial for sodomy. His response: '"The Love that dare not speak its name" in this century is such a great affection of an elder for a younger man as there was between David and Jonathan, such as Plato made the very basis of his philosophy, and such as you find in the sonnets of Michelangelo and Shakespeare.[...]. It is intellectual, and it repeatedly exists between an elder and a younger man, when the elder man has intellect, and the younger man has all the joy, hope and glamour of life before him."

: This seems wrong, given the typical Pynchon scene of males ogling/desiring women. There is no homosexuality invloved with these guys
but a "'range' [again] of remarks" and 'all-night rhapsodizing' over the beauty of naked women. This line "That, etc." seems more likely a comic spin on a famous line which we know Pynchon has alluded to before [V.]: Wittgenstein's "whereof I can not speak, thereof I must remain silent" from the Tractatus. He could NOT not speak of their nakedness.

This whole scene is reminiscent, perhaps, of the biblically famous Susannah and the Elders, where she, too, is watched appreciatively bathing. Wallace Stevens, among others, has a famous poem about it.

::All this about homosexuality is useful knowledge, but (a) the men here are motivated by lust directed at ''women'' and (b) this is among the "catchphrases of [a] day" when Oscar Wilde's love could not yet even speak its name. "''That'' is that of which ''I'' speak!" is a Pynchon trick, taking a 20th-21st century expression and paramorphically projecting it back in time. At the university it was upper-class and refined; today it has become a vulgarism, "That's what I'm talkin' about!" Other examples: "high susceptibility to primordial variables," page 801 (today "extreme sensitivity to initial conditions"); "as cheerful as a finch," page 21 ("as happy as a lark").

Exactly as in the last paragraph, a poke at the currently colloquial:
"That's what I'm talkin' about!"

'''Cloisters Court''' 
Cloisters Court, part of Girton College, Cambridge University.

'''King's''' 
King's College, Cambridge University.

'''Queen Anne's Gate''' 
Some part of the British Home Office is, or was, located in the London (Westminster) street named Queen Anne's Gate.
: According to Wikipedia the British Home Office resided there from 1978 to 2004, so this is unlikely. Since the 1860's until recently, however, parts of the British secret service had their offices at Queen Anne's Gate - the context suggests that the N's report to that.

'''inconvenience''' 
Not sure what connection Pynchon is making here, but the word inconvenience could not come up accidentally in this novel.

'''Newnham''' 
An all-women's college at Cambridge, founded in 1871.

'''Wrangleresses''' 
Made-up: top female Math Scholars at Cambridge. Top students were called Wranglers, all male at this time. "Cambridge University and within it of the Mathematics Tripos, the competitive graduation examination process that ranked candidates in order of “Wrangler”" ...

'''Phillippa Fawcett''' 
Typo, should be Philippa Fawcett (1868-1948). She was educated at Newnham College, Cambridge. In 1890, she was the first woman to score the highest mark at Mathematics Tripos at Cambridge. She served as a College Lecturer in mathematics at Newnham College for 10 years. [http://www.agnesscott.edu/Lriddle/WOMEN/fawcett.htm]

'''Grace Chisholm and Will Young''' 
Grace Chisholm (1868-1944), an English mathematician. She went to Girton College, Cambridge in 1889 to study mathematics. Since no women were accepted to graduate schools in England, after graduation She went to the University of Göttingen to continue her mathematics education and received her PhD there in 1895. The following year she married William Young (1863-1942), one of her tutors at Girton and also a mathematician. (''romances with one's tutors à la . . .'') Grace Chisholm and Will Young formed a mathematical married partnetship of real significance. Husband and wife played a major role in set theory research. Between them they wrote 214 mathematical articles and several books, including one on geometry and one on set theory. [http://www.agnesscott.edu/LRIDDLE/WOMEN/young.htm Grace Chisholm] and [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Young.html William Young].

'''nautch-girl''' 
notch-girl? A woman who could 'notch' a lot of men?

An exotic dancer, more or less. This whole phrase "nautch-girl extravagance of looks and self-possession" refers to the sense of dominance the stripper feels over the yawps in the audience.

Nautch girl was an Indian traditional dancer in Hindu temple or court performing ritual and religious dances. Her costume generally was of bright color. Pynchon probably refered to Yahsmeen's beautiful but exotic, extraordinary look and poise.
[[http://www.hitchams.suffolk.sch.uk/india_art/starter/nautch_girls.htm nautch girl]].

'''socio-acrobatic aggrandizement''' 
'social climbing'

'''''opium beer''''' 
laudanum?, if not literally.

'''duc de Richelieu''' 
Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (September 9, 1585 – December 4, 1642), was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman.

Consecrated as a bishop in 1607, he later entered politics, becoming a Secretary of State in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Church and the state, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642;
from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Wikipedia].

:Wrong Richelieu. The duke in question won his big battle at Mahon in 1756. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois_Armand_du_Plessis%2C_duc_de_Richelieu Here's the Wikipedia link for the right one.]

'''Line and staff''' 
Cyprian's father sees his work in the City as analogous to the profession of arms. Officers in the British and most other armies of the time were classified as "line," those commanding troops, and "staff," those performing administrative and planning functions.

==Page 491==

'''the City''' 
Major banks and other big-money institutions are located in the City of London, a fairly small subset of Metropolitan London.

'''can't ''ever'' tell''' 
Dog-eat-dog capitalism?

'''Reginald "Ratty" McHugh''' 

'''"fifteen years later'''
Reginald nodded appreciatively FIFTEEN YEARS OR SO LATER?...What is going
on here time-wise? 
All the conversation before this line, between Cyprian and his father, is "recalled", having taken place some "fifteen years or so" earlier.

'''one more flag''' 
IE, his father's wallpaper brand.

'''Balkan Sobranies''' 
An upscale brand of cigarette.

'''lilies-and-lassitude humor of the '90s''' 
Cult of Oscar Wilde?
Aubrey Beardsley and the pre-Raphaelites?

'''table d'hôte''' 
French: host's table. In a restaurant, a meal chosen by the management, no substitutions please. If the appetizer is shrimp and you don't like shrimp, then don't eat the appetizer.

'''Very well, I contradict myself.''' 
Walt Whitman allusion. See Leaves of Grass. Next line in ADT affirms this.

==Page 492==

'''divine . . . prosaic''' 
(Walt Whitman was of course prosaic himself before he became divine.)

'''xanthocroid''' 
Prefix xantho- is from Greek and means yellow. Does the whole word mean "yellow-haired"? Yes, i.e. blondes.

'''Capsheaf''' 
Is this a third speaker, or another name for Ratty? Third speaker. Ratty puts in some words a little bit down the page.

'''viva''' 
Slangy short form of ''viva voce,'' an oral examination.

'''Crayke''' 
???
Crayke is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England, about two miles east of Easingwold. Relevant?

'''spot of audit''' 
[http://www.andrewcusack.com/blog/2006/12/drink_audit_ale.php Audit ale,] a strong ale served on a few special days. Some colleges at British universities brew their own or contract it out.

'''Shetland''' 
Shetland Islands, an island group northeast of the Orkney Islands, comprising a county of Scotland.

'''Shetland ponies''' 
one of a breed of small but sturdy, rough-coated ponies raised originally in the Shetland Islands.

'''''D'accord''''' 
French: right, OK.

'''reputation for viciousness''' 
The Shetland pony breed has a repuation for viciousness, even if this reputation isn't entirely accurate.

'''Arab''' 
Arabian hourse. One of a breed of horses, raised originally in Arabia and adjacent countries, noted for their intellegence, grace, and speed.

'''Thoroughbred''' 
One of a breed of horses, to which all race horse belong, originally developed in England by crossing Arbian stallions with European mares.

'''croft''' 
Farm.

'''Mainland''' 
The name of one of the 29 inhabited islands in the Shetland Islands, Scotland, UK. It is the largest island in Shetland Islands, the third largest in Great Britian.

'''Mavis Grind''' 
A narrow isthmus joining the Northmavine peninsula to the rest of Mainland in the Shetland Islands, UK. The name means "gate of the narrow isthmus" in the local dialect. Mavis Grind is said to be the only place in the UK where you can toss a stone across land from the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

'''orthopædic journals''' 
Both prof and pony have to do some twisting in order to get the act done. Their skeletal disorders will, erhhm, ''spur'' the interest of orthopædists. Especially if she kicks.

'''Dymphna''' 
After [http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/saintd01.htm St. Dymphna,] whose intercession is effective against insanity, possession and epilepsy. Her shrine at Gheel, Belgium, has since the 11th century been a refuge for persons with mental illness and intellectual disability. The afflicted wealthy went to the shrine to be cured; they were boarded with townspeople, beginning a tradition of adult foster care for persons with mental illness which continues to this day; Gheel is a designated state psychiatric hospital center, at which all the patients live in foster family homes.

'''decks full of hearts''' 
(52 or 13 per deck?)

==Page 493==

'''Thucydides... remind me''' 
Thucydides' book is an account of the Peloponnesian war, organized in a rather difficult method in which all the actions of one season are described before proceeding to the next. Here are some erotic possibilities in it, however: 
-Pericles, in his famous funeral oration, says the citizen ought to have an eros for the city. 
-At one point some Athenians are lured out of a garrison by way of a gymnastic (that is male, nude) demonstration. 
-On the eve of the fateful Sicilian expedition, all the oversized phalloi of the hermes are mysteriously knocked off. One of the generals on the expedition, Alcibiades, is accused of the offense and is eventually called called back. In Plato's Symposium Alcibiades drunkenly crashes the party and confesses that Socrates has consistently spurned his sexual advances.

In this context, Thucydides is proposed specifically for its non-erotic qualities. In writing his histories, Thucydides attempted to produce a clinical account of the Peloponnesian war without the passion and inaccuracies of previous histories, such as those of Herodotus. Indeed it is hard to imagine a less erotic work. It is suggested for Cyprian Latewood to help him get over his infatuation with Yashmeen.

'''McHugh''' 
Talking to self?

'''''Peeng''-kyeah''' 
Pinky, name given to Yashmeen by the blonde girls, Lorelei, Noellyn an Faun.

'''alfresceehwh''' 
An alfresco, an outdoor gathering. ''-eehwh'' is a rendering of the accent for comic effect.

'''Lorelei, Noellyn, and Faun''' 
Lorelei, more frequently "Loreley": In a famous German myth, a mermaid sitting on a rock by the river Rhine. The rock itself is also named Loreley. With her song, she bewitches the captains of passing ships, who then steer into the rock. The syllable "Ley" derives from a Celtic word for "stone".

Faun: Faunus, the Roman god of fertility, also responsible for nightmares. Fauns are also the Romans counterparts of the Greek "satyrs", followers of Dionysos. Faunus is playing a flute, another connection to music.

Noellyn ??

'''"all blonde, of course"''' 
with all the Germanic mythology around here, possibly a reference to the "blonde/blue-eyed"-cliche of German women.

'''High Albedo''' 
Albedo: power of reflecting light. Blondes reflect more light than brunettes.

'''"dark rock...again and again"''' 
cf "Lorelei"

'''Pinky''' 
Nicknames opposite of truth?

''''''sans merci'''''' 
a reference to Keats's 19th century Romantic ballad 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci'. The lady of the title entraps men by making them fall in love with her and abandoning them.

==Page 494==

'''wrong altar''' 
She, a lesbian, tells him that he 'worships' a woman who is wrong for him.

'''gnomic tenses''' 
Gnomic = marked by aphorisms; aphoristic...'gnomic verse, a gnomic style".
American Heritage Dictionary.

: In Greek the gnomic tense is the timeless aorist, i.e. an aorist indicating no special time. In English there is the timeless present tense, e.g. in proverbs. Since the gnomic aorist differs from the usual aorist only in its usage the term "gnomic tenses" seems a little stressed.

'''circs''' 
Short form (typically British): circumstances.

''''If she's not content with a vegetable love'''' 
a reference to Marvell's seventeenth century poem 'To His Coy Mistress'. "Vegetable love" refers to the slow, slow way he would let his love grow, to become "vaster than empires and more slow" had they "world enough and time", but since they don't, since they are in human time, he is trying to 'convince' her to make love with him now.

'''Rugby blue''' 
To be a 'Rugby blue' means to have represented Oxford (colour: dark blue) or Cambridge (light blue) at Rugby, which is a major European sport, invented, supposedly, at Rugby school in England in the nineteenth century.

'''Mâconnais''' 
This refers to a bargain sub-Burgundian wine that comes from the Macon region of France.

<div id="grosssmith">'''George Grossmith...and that jolly Weedon'''</div>
George and Weedon Grossmith, authors of the sublime, hillarious 'Diary of a Nobody', which gave the world the adjective 'pooterish'. Undoubtedly an influence on Pynchon's depictions of the 'oh dear' side of Englishness. Pooter is a 'nobody' who decides to publish his diaries, even though he is of no interest and nothing of any note occurs. A prototypical blogger, some might suggest. Originally published in Punch magazine (I think), set in late 19th Century. Don't know if the Grossmiths went to Cambridge, will check....

The elder George Grossmith performed in Gilbert and Sullivan works. He was not university-educated. The younger G.G. was also a noted performer and collaborated with P.G. Wodehouse.

[plenty of info here: http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/english/DON/Diary_Home.htm]

==Page 495==

'''Junior or Senior?''' 
expressions used at traditional English (independent) schools to refer to younger and older brothers. Thus Smith Junior or Smith Senior.

See [[#grossmith|Grossmith entry]] on preceding page.

'''"Small hands, some evidence of early trauma, cp. Wilhelm II file"''' 
Wilhelm II suffered an injury at birth and had a withered arm. All his photographs show him with the "small hand" in his pocket.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II_of_Germany From Wikipedia]: 
William II, German Emperor (1859-1941), Reigned 1888-1918.

The role of William II in German history is sometimes a controversial issue in historical scholarship. Initially seen as an important, but embarrassing figure in German history until the late 1950s, for many years after that, the dominant view was that he had little or no influence on German policy leading up to the First World War. This has been challenged since the late 1970s, particularly by Professor John C. G. Röhl who saw William II as the key figure in understanding the recklessness and subsequent downfall of Imperial Germany.

'''"Map of the World"''' 
??? Like it says in the text, simply what Renfrew calls all his data.

Although the name is possibly of some significance! Renfrew's dossiers could act as a way of divining holistic truth from a series of perspectives or projections. Obviously interpreting this data requires the correct viewing individual, or "lens." In this way, Renfrew's "Map" is not unlike the Sfinciuno Itinerary.

'''Newmarket''' 
A famous English race-course, hence the following reference to the 'racing season'.

'''Morse and Vassilev''' 
??? In 1896-97 the first radio-telegraphic equipment was imported into Bulgaria for the needs of the armed forces and large postal offices. This was the start of Bulgarian National Radio (BNR). At that time, the equipment was used only to transmit Morse code on electro-magnetic waves. Samuel F. B. Morse, an English speaking American, invented Morse code and the telegraph.(On May 24, 1844 he transmitted the first telegraph message: "What hath God wrought!"). BNR at one time was headed by Orlin Vassilev, a Bulgarian playwright. BNR at one time also employed former (Bulgarian) environment minister Valentin Vassilev.

'''East Rumelian''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_356|page 356: East Rumelia. ]] Rumelia was a Turkish province in the Balkan Peninsula. East Rumelia lay mostly in what is now Bulgaria.

'''the Treaty of Berlin''' 
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 Russia crushed Turkey and forced it to accept the Treaty of San Stefano. This created a greatly expanded Bulgaria under Russian protection. Britain feared that Russia might spread its control to Constantinople (now Istanbul) and to the Suez Canal, and therefore, with Austria, demanded a revised treaty. Weakened by war, Russia consented. The Treaty of San Stefano was replaced thus by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_%281878%29 the Treaty of Berlin] (1878), the final act of the Congress of Berlin of the Great Britain, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The new treaty recognized the complete independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro. The autonomy of Bulgaria was also recognized but it remained under formal Ottoman overlordship and divied between the Principality of Bulgaria and the autonomous province of ''East Rumelia''. And the Ottoman province of Bosnia was placed uner Austro-Hungarian administration.

'''''zadruga''''' 
Bulgarian: labor cooperative.

'''''tchifliks''''' 
Bulgarian: farms.

'''''gradinarski druzhini''''' 
Bulgarian: gardening (or farming?) associations.

'''gossamer''' 
Sheer, light, delicate, flimsy, airy, tenuous, like a cobweb.

==Page 496==

'''sod . . . pouffe''' 
Derogatory terms for homosexual ("sod" from "sodomite").

'''failed canards''' 
Discredited rumors.

'''Lent . . . Easter . . . Long Vacation''' 
''Lent'' is an anual season of fasting and penitence in preparation for ''Easter'', beginning at Ash Wednesday and lasting 40 weekdays to Easter. After ''Lent'', ''Easter'' the school terms would soon glide into the summer recess, the ''Long Vacation.''

'''Colonial Office''' 
Defunct British Ministry, later Foreign & Colonial Office, now Foreign & Commonwealth Office.

'''Okhrana''' 
a secret police force of the Russian Empire and part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhrana Wikipedia Entry]

'''Ballhausplatz''' 
Location of the Austrian State Chancellery and Foreign Ministry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballhausplatz Wikipedia Entry]

'''Wilhelmstrasse''' 
Administrative Center of the Kingdom of Prussia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmstrasse Wikipedia Entry]

'''G.F.B. Riemann''' 
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann. A German mathematician who did extensive work in differential geometry. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Riemann Wikipedia Entry]

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Riemann.html Bernhard Riemann] (1826-66), a German mathermatician. He studied mathematics at the University of Göttingen and later taught that subject there. He did important work in geometry, complex analysis, and mathematical physics. Riemanm's work on Riemann geometry laid the foundation for Einstein's general relativity. He investigated the Riemann zeta function about which he stated the famous (and still not completely proven) Riemann hypothesis (see below). He died of tuberculosis in Selasca, Italy, at the age of 39.

'''Zeta function . . . conjecture''' 
The Riemann zeta function. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function/ Wikipedia Entry]

The Riemann zeta function is an extremely important special function of mathematics and physics that arises in definite integration and is intimately related with very deep results surrounding the prime number theorem. While many of the properties of this function have been investigated, there remain important fundamental ''conjectures'' (most notably the Riemann hypothesis) that remain unproved to this day. See [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function Zeta function]].

The Riemann hypothesis (''conjecture'') is a conjecture about the distribution of zeros of the Riemann zeta function. The Riemann zeta function is defined for all complex numbers (Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page132|page 132]]) not equal to zero. It has zeros at the negative even integers, (-2, -4, -6 and so on), called trivial zeros. The Riemann hypothesis is concerned with the non-trivial zeros, saying, ''"The real part of any non-trivial zero of the Riemann zeta function is 1/2."'' This conjecture remains unproved. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis Riemann conjecture]].

''''joint'''' 
Opium den.

'''Bob's your uncle''' 
An English and Commonwealth expression referring to the ease with which something can be done. Still used, though probably more common in the time in which ''Against the Day'' is set. Possible [http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/70100.html derivations].

'''Limehouse''' 
An area of East London that borders on the River Thames near the Isle of Dogs. The name may derive from the fact that sailors were about as this was a point of embarkation for sea journeys. In the late 19th century the area was famous for opium dens [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limehouse Wikipedia].

==Page 497==

'''Knightsbridge''' 
Knightsbridge is a street in Westminster bourough, London. Notable for its super rich and famous high profile residents and its exclusive shops. (Recent residents included members of the Saudi royal family, Joan Collins, Gucci, Prince Diana and so on; it's shops included Egyptian Fayed's Harrods, etc . . . ) [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knightsbridge Knightsbridge]].

'''excess''' 
(So not wholly gossamer?)

'''Coronation Red''' 
The Peer‘s traditional robes at Coronation Day are made of crimson red velvet [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_Monarch Wikipedia] [http://www.geocities.com/noelcox/Peers_Robes.htm website]. Edward VII and Queen Alexandra were crowned at Westminster Abbey on 9 August 1902 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom Wikipedia]

'''Ranji and C.B. Fry''' 
Two notable cricketers who would have been in their prime when the novel is set. Both played for England. 'Ranji' is short for Ranjitsinhji and is how he was familiarly known. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/12930.html C.B. Fry] [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/19331.html Ranji]

'''Australian season''' 
A reference to the Australian cricket season which runs throughout their summer and the Eurpoean winter.

More likely to refer to the tour of the Australian cricket team to England in the Summer of 1902. Of particular interest is the fact that the Aussies played a match against Cambridge University on June 9-10. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1902 1902 Ashes Tour]

'''New Court''' 
A major building in St John's College (founded 1511), University of Cambridge. It was completed in 1831. It's style is Gothic, a romantic version of a mediaeval building; its basic plan is classical. For pictures and more info [http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/about/tour/new_court New Court].

'''Tavernier-Gravet slide rules''' 
French-made, some with special scales (slope conversions, etc.). [http://discover.com/issues/aug-03/features/featslide/ Photograph.]

'''High Church''' 
Anglican

'''Mags and Nuncs and Matins responsories''' 
A responsory is a form of (Christian) chant (call and response, perhaps), which is here qualified by Latin designations for specific prayers. 
Mags: possibly for ''Magnificat,'' the hymn beginning "My soul doth magnify the Lord"? 
Nunc = Now. For ''Nunc dimittis,'' the prayer beginning "Let thy servant now depart." 
Matin = Morning.

'''Trinity''' 
Trinity College, was founded by Henry VIII in 1546 as part of the Univeristy of Cambridge. Most of its major buildings date from the 16th and 17th centuries. "Princes, spies, poets and prime-ministers have all been taught here." (Trinity's own website [http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php?pageid=2 Trinity])

'''King's''' 
King's College, Cambridge University, was found by Henry VI in 1441. From the first, the College's buildings were intened to be a magnificent display of the power of royal patronage. King's College Chapel, wanted by the King to be without equal in size and beauty and took nearly a century to complete, is one of the greatest examples of gothic architecture. It is also home to the world famous Choir, envisaged by Henry VI for daily singing of services in the chapel. [[http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/visitors/history.html King's]].

'''not Zion''' 
The context indicated that the original meaning Mount Zion, a hill near Jerusalem, was used; i.e. "not Mount Zion".

'''Compline hour''' 
??? 
bedtime. Compline is the last prayers or service of the day.

'''Te Deum''' 
Te Deum = Thou, O God (Latin).

Since "the Te Deum" was used in the text, it meant the ancient Latin hymn of praise to God, in the form of a psalm, sung regularly at matins in the Roman Catholic Church and, usually in an English translation, at Morning Prayer in the Anglican Church, as well as on special occasions as a service of thanksgiving or commemoration. First words of the hymn, which begin; ''Te Deum laudāmus'' (we praise thee God). Te Deum also refers to the musical setting or form of this hyman with a certain structure which Filtham had blotched. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_Deum Wikipedia]

Coincidence? According to the [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14468c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia] there is a discussion among scholars whether the hymn of the Te Deum goes back to a text written by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Cyprian St. Cyprian of Carthage] : "...if the hymn was borrowed from St. Cyprian, why did it not include the "virgines" instead of stopping with "martyrum"?".

'''Khaki Election''' 
A term in British political history. It refered to the British general election of 1900. The reason for this name was that the issues of the election were overshadowed totally by the issue of the (2nd) Boer War (South African War, 1899-1902 [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War Boer War]]), as ''khaki'' was the color of the new army uniform. A ''Khaki Election'' is now applied to any British national election which is heavily influenced by wartime or postwar sentiment. 1918 general election (end of World War I) and 1945 election (end of Wordl War II) were both described as Khaki Elections.

'''Filtham''' 
???

==Page 498==

'''violation of . . . child-labor statutes''' 
If such laws applied to children in the choirs of Cambridge colleges, the great length of the composition would keep them at work too many hours.

'''chromaticism . . . Richard Strauss''' 
Chromaticism refers to the use of the chromatic scale in composing music. Ever since Baroque Period (17th to early 18th century) almost all music were compsoed either in major or minor scale, in which only seven of the twelve tones of the octave were used. Beginning in the late Romanic Period (mid 19th to 20th century) the chromatic scale including all 12 tones of the octave was used. By using the tones that are not "supposed" to be in a certain key, the music thus composed had stronger dissonance and exaggerated tension. 

Richard Strauss (1864-1949) was a German composer of the late Romantic era well known for his tone poems and operas. His ''Also sprach Zarathustra'' (1896), a symphonic poem, was made widely popular by Stanley Kubrick's film ''2001: A Space Odyssey'' in 1968 — the music (especially the brass fanfare opening) introduced the memorable ape/man sequence of the film. His many opera includes ''Salome, Des Rosenkavalier, Capriccio'' and others. Chromaticism was not that new to Richard Strauss, but "relentless chromaticism" just might be too "modern" for him.

'''Staindrop''' 
Home of Jeremiah Dixon.

'''"Filtham's Tedium"''' 
(Talk about overlabored puns...)

'''dress regulations''' 
???

'''Gauss''' 
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), a German mathematician and scientist, and one of the all-time greats. He worked in a wide variety of fields in both mathematics and physics including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. His work has had an immense influence in many areas. Riemann was a studen of his at Göttingen. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss Wikipedia].

'''Ramanujan''' 
Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920), one of India's greatest mathematical geniuses. Long before he came to Cambridge and though without any formal university education, Ramanujan made substantial contributions to the anlytical theory of numbers and worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions and infinite series. He, a poor savant from India, was invited in 1914 to Cambridge by G.H. Hardy after he wrote him a letter asking abstruse mathematical questions. In his letter, Ramanujan enclosed a long list of then unproved theorems which he had solved. After his arriving at Cambridge Ramnujan collaborated with G.H. Hardy resulting in important results. He was allowed to enroll in 1914 in Cambridge despite not having the proper qualifications and received a PhD degree in 1916. Plagued by health problems all his life, his health deteriorated rapidly from 1917, and he returned to India in 1919 and died there the following year. Two years efore his death, however, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London. [[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Ramanujan.html Ramanujan]]. Therefore,
". . . Ramanujan here at Trinity . . ." could have happened only between 1914 - 1919.

'''revisited, in some way 'relighted' the scene''' 
Light, mental light.

'''display of hurt feelings''' 
Cf p30.

==Page 499==

'''light up''' 
Dark world vs spark of value.

'''ζ-function''' 
Another reference to the Riemann zeta function.

'''Hilbert thinks of nothing else''' 
The Riemann hypothesis is one of the 20 problems put forth by Hilbert in 1900.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert_problem Wikipedia Entry]

'''desire... of rather a specialized sort''' 
???

'''Great Eastern''' 
Railway linking Cambridge and London.

==Page 500==

'''Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia''' 
Sofia Kovalevskaia was the first woman to apply for a mathematics degree at the University of Goettingen in Germany. She was not accepted at the university, but was allowed to tutor under one of the university's math professors. She wrote a paper there that became an important part of the theory of differential equations.

:Kovalevskaia's private math tutor was Weierstrass at Berlin (see below).

''Karl Weierstrass'' (1815-97), a German mathermatician. He attended the University of Bonn studying law, finance and economics instead of mathermatics, the subject he was really interested in and studied out of shcool. He left the Univeristy of Bonn without a degree and went to the University of Münster for mathematics. Later he became a teacher in the city of Münster. Around 1850 he took a chair at the Technical University of Berlin. For four years (1870-1874) he gave private mathematics lessons to Sofia Kovalevskaia while she was denied the university entrance in Berlin. His investigations were mainly on the topic of "Special Functions": Weierstrass Elliptic Function, Weierstrass Zeta Function, Weierstrass Product Theroem, etc.

''Sofia Kovalevskaia'' (1850-91) Russian mathematician and novelist. She was born in Moscow and showed an interest in mathematics from an early age. When 11 she studied differential and integral analysis from her father's calculus lecture notes that were used as wallpaper in the family house. She was given a special tutor of higher mathematics. At age 18 she entered a "false" marriage (it became genuine later) in order to be able to attend college abroad. In 1869 she enrolled as a provisional student at Heidelberg University. In 1870 she moved to Berlin attempting to study under ''Weierstrass'' and enroll at Berlin University. But the university refused to accept her because of her gender. However, Weierstrass was so impressed by her talent that he gave her private mathematics lessons twice a week for four years. By the spring of 1874, Kovalevskaia had completed three papers. Weierstrass deemed each of these worthy of a doctorate. And with his help, in Kovaleskaia's absence, University of Göttingen granted her a PhD in Mathematics (a historical first) and Master (''summa cum laude'') in Fine Art. In the same year she returned to Russia but failed to get an academic job. She did not practice mathematics for six years but pursued literary work instead. In 1880 she returned to mathematics and applied to teach at universities in Russia but was denied again. Finaly she found employment at Sweden's Stockholm University in 1883. She died of pneumonia in Stockholm in 1891. 
In her short life Kovalevskaia had won a historic place in mathermatics. She was the first woman to receive a doctorate in mathermatics, the first woman to obtain a permanent position on a university faculty in mathematics, the first woman having a place on the editorial staff of a mathematical journal, the first female member of St. Petersburg Academy of Science, and the first woman to win the most prestigeous mathematical contest of her day, an honor equivalent to the winning of a Nobel Prize. Her literary achievements was quite substantial. Her ''Russian Childhood'' won wide acclaim and was translated into many languages (the English edition still avilable). She had a couple of novels (''Nihilist Girl'' etc) published as well. She dabbled in playwriting and produced a steady stream of both fiction and nonfiction publications for Russian journals.

'''Pythagorean doctrine''' 
From the text it refers to Pythagorean doctrine of transmigration of souls. Pythogoras and his disciples believed in reincarnation (or metempsychosis), according to which human souls are immortal and are reborn into other animals after death. ("reborn as a vegetable" may be questionable.) 
[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pythagora Pythagoras], one of the most famous and controversial ancient Greek philosophers, lived from ca. 570 to ca. 490 BC. He spent his early years on the island of Samos, off the coast of modern Turkey. At the age of 40, he moved to Crotona in southern Italy and most of his philosophical activity occurred there. His philosophical thinking exercised an important influence on the work of Plato. "Pythagoras was famous (1) as an expert on the fate of the soul after death . . .; (2) as an expert on religious ritual; (3) as a wonder-worker who had a thigh of gold and who could be two places at the same time; (4) as the founder of a strict way of life that emphasized dietary restrictions, . . . and rigorous self discipline." (on-line Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). 
Pythagoras was also a famous mathematician best known for the Pythagorean Theorem and the Music of the Spheres. Known as the father of numbers, his philosophy encompassed harmonics in mathematics, music, cosmology, geometry and had a lasting impact on hermeticism, gnosticism and alchemy.

'''sounds like maths''' 
Yashmeen seems to see 'maths' as otherwordly.

'''folio''' 
an edition of a book in pages that fold in half to make the leaves of a codex.

'''four-color chromolithograph''' 
Chromo--in Chemistry, chromium

'''Snazzbury''' 
???

'''Silent Frock''' 
Cf noise-canceling headphones.

'''toilette''' 
No longer in use in modern english, the term 'toilette' indicated a dressing table covered to the floor with cloth (toile) and lace, on which stood a dressing glass, which might also be draped in lace. Wikipedia

It's still used, and in addition to the dressing table meaning, it refers to how somebody is "got up"--dress, makeup and all.

==Page 501==

'''green, white, and mauve stripes''' 
Colors associated with the Suffragette Movement of the time.Diane Atkinson, one of the leading contemporary scholars on the suffrage movement, edited a book, Suffragettes in the Purple, White, and Green London 1906-1914, which served as a catalog at an exhibition of suffrage memorabilia at the Museum of London and which discusses the symbolism. Atkinson notes that the color scheme was devised by Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence, treasurer and co-editor of the weekly newspaper Votes for Women. In the spring 1908 issue of that paper, Pethick-Lawrence explained the symbolism of the colors:

"Purple as everyone knows is the royal colour. It stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of every suffragette, the instinct of freedom and dignity...white stands for purity in private and public life...green is the colour of hope and the emblem of spring."

'''black crepon''' 
The shell is made of black rayon crepon and fully lined to within 2" of bottom hem. From a description of a black [nursing] dress online.

'''Italian-cloth''' 
The Champagne fairs were a circuit of six cloth fairs in the towns of Champagne and Brie, changing location every two months and spanning the year from January to October. At their height, in the 13th century, the Champagne fairs linked the cloth-producing cities of the Low Countries with the Italian dyeing and exporting centers. The fairs, which were already well-organized at the start of the century, were one of the earliest manifestations of a linked European economy, a characteristic of the High Middle Ages.

The towns provided huge warehouses, still to be seen at Provins. From the north came woolens and linen cloth. Wikipedia.

==Page 502==

'''modern lettering''' 
Refers to Art Nouveau lettering popular at the turn of the 20th century and still commonly used on entrance signs for Paris metro stations.

'''"a kind of helical ramp"''' 
Possibly a reference to the Riemann Sphere, which is built in large part upon complex numbers and which look something like a helix. 
[[Image:Riemann Sphere.jpg]]

'''L'ARIMEAUX ET QUEURLIS''' 
Larry, Moe, and Curly's

'''twilling''' 
Twill = A fabric with diagonal parallel ribs. 2. The weave used to produce such a fabric.
TRANSITIVE VERB: Inflected forms: twilled, twill·ing, twills
To weave (cloth) so as to produce a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs. From The American Heritage Dictionary

==Page 503==

'''Earl's Court Wheel''' 
Earl's Court is an area of London. A Ferris Wheel there.

Another "paramorphic" parallel to our time: The London Eye, a huge Ferris Wheel built for the Millenium Exposition of 2000. The trip around is not, as Yasmeen notes, thermodynamically reversible, since one would be "changed forever" in the course of the journey around the wheel (in the Heraclitean sense that "No man steps in the same river twice"--the river changes.) 
This is the connection between entropy in thermodynamics and entropy in information theory, embodied in Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon], at the center of Pynchon's ''Crying of Lot 49'', now back as a problem in non-Euclidean geometries and multiple dimensions.

'''whelks''' 
A whelk is a large marine gastropod (snail) found in temperate waters.

'''Chinese Turkestan railway shares''' 
Chinese Turkestan is where the Chums of Chance are currently, in the sub-desertine vehicle.

'''jellied eel''' 
An East End of London delicacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellied_eels Wikipedia]

'''West Ham, the Park, Upton Lane, lads all in claret and blue''' 
The "lads in claret and blue" are kicking a football around, as they are players of current Premiership side West Ham United. Founded in 1895, the "Hammers" are playing their home games at Boleyn Ground aka "Upton Park". Yep, soccer.

'''lupine liminality''' 
Latin: lupus = wolf, limen = threshold. Allusion to the proverbial wolf at the door.

Lupine = any of a genus (Lupinus) of leguminous herbs including some poisonous forms and others cultivated for their long showy racemes of usually blue, purple, white, or yellow flowers or for green manure, fodder, or their edible seeds; also : an edible lupine seed.

The liminal state is characterized by ambiguity, openness, and indeterminacy. One's sense of identity dissolves to some extent, bringing about disorientation. Liminality is a period of transition, during which your normal limits to thought, self-understanding, and behavior are relaxed, opening the way to something new.

'''hydrangeas''' 
a kind of flower. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrangea Wikipedia]

'''Hardy,''' 
Cf. [[ATD_219-242#Page 239|page 239:McTaggart . . . Hardy]]. G.H. (Godfrey Harold) Hardy (1877-1947),famous Cambridge mathematician [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._H._Hardy Wikipedia]. He wrote "A Mathematician's Apology" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Mathematician%27s_Apology Wikipedia] [http://www.math.ualberta.ca/~mss/books/A%20Mathematician's%20Apology.pdf Full Text]. Knew all the most famous intellectuals and was himself very influential.

==Page 504==

'''Harwich... German Sea''' 
Harwich is a town in Essex, England, located on the coast with the North Sea to the east.The North Sea historically also known as the German Ocean. By the late nineteenth century, German Sea was a rare, scholarly usage ...

"The German Sea" is also a public house (p. 489).

'''Hook of Holland''' 
Hoek van Holland in the Netherlands. It is not a hook but the southwest ''corner'' of South-Holland province (Dutch ''hoek'' = corner).

''Hook of Holland'' is also the name of the ferry port, an entry point into Holland and Europe. It is served by ferry sailings from Harwich and is the main entry port when travelling from the UK. It is less than 15 miles southwest of The Hague. [[http://www.eurodrive.co.uk/ports.asp?ID=39&p=Hook-Of-Holland Port of Hook of Holland]].

'''madhouse at Osnabrück''' 
OSNABRUCK, a town and episcopal see of Germany, in the Prussian province of Hanover, situated on the Hase, 70 m. W. of the city of Hanover, 31 m. by rail N.E. of Munster, and at the junction of the lines Hamburg-Cologne and BerlinAmsterdam. Pop. (1905) 59,5 80. The lunatic asylum occupies a former nunnery.

==Page 505==

'''plug hats''' 
a plug hat may be a top hat or a bowler hat.

'''Cobh''' 
the historic port town of Cobh Ireland. Many ocean liners sailed from there, including the Titanic... the port of Queenstown (now known as Cobh)

==Page 506==

'''Euclid''' 
Avenue of classy mansions in Cleveland

'''elms in Cleveland''' 
(Before Dutch elm disease?)

'''went on for years''' 
the Krakatoa eruption put dust and ashes aloft for years.

'''Krakatoa''' 
The correct name is Krakatau. It is a volcanic, uninhabited Indonesia's island lies between Java and Sumatra. A series of cataclysmic explosions of August 26 - 27, 1883, the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history, collapsed the northern two-thirds of the island beneath the sea, generating an immense tsunamis that ravaged adjeacent coastlines and killed over 36,000 perople. Tephra (volcanic rock and glass fragments) from the eruption fell as far as 1,500 miles downwind in the days following the explosion. The finest fragments were propelled high into the stratosphere, spreading outward as a broad cloud acroos the entire equatorial belt in only two weeks. These particles would remain suspended in the atmosphere for a long time. For years, the earth experienced exotic colors in the sky, halos around the sun and moon, and a spectacular array of anomalous sunsets and sunrises. In the year following the equption, average global temperatures fell by as much as 1.2° Celsius. Weather patterns continued to be chaotic for years and temperature did not return to normal until 1888. For more about 1883 eruption, map, pictures, current volcanic activities etc see [http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Krakatau.html Krakatau 1] and [http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/krakatau/krakatau.html Krakatau 2].

'''Shorty''' 
the 'short-order' cook?

==Page 507==

'''how little I cared''' 
(Blaming Krakatoa???)Seems to me she is saying that her feelings for Bert faded, as everything was, maybe, supposed to, as had the fantastic sunsets
caused by Krakatoa when they got back to ordinary.

'''palm upward''' 
One of many "old wives' tales" described in [http://www.childbirthsolutions.com/articles/pregnancy/oldwives/index.php this web page.]

'''Prospect Avenue''' 
Once fashionable street in Cleveland, Ohio.

'''leaf-spring suspension''' 
A form of suspension for wheeled vehicles. Still very occasionally used in automobiles, but more likely nowadays to be seen on a perambulator. A "leaf" here is a long thin strip of tempered steel (they may also be stacked for greater strength).

'''overrun''' 
the excess kerosene when made.

'''Flats''' 
lands around the Cuyahoga River.

==Page 508==

'''Cuyahoga''' 
Major river in Ohio that goes around Cleveland. Famous in the 60's for literally catching on fire from the combustible pollutants in it. Here, Pynchon shows that industrial pollution and its effect on the river. "It's like looking down into the sky".

'''your exact face''' 
(How common?)

'''allowing Erlys do the work''' 
Error in first edition. Should be "allowing Erlys to do the work..."

==Page 509==

'''descending minor triad''' 
in music, an interval of three half tones.

'''Svengali''' 
In George Du Maurier's novel ''Trilby'' (1894), the hypnotist who makes the title character a great singer but keeps her under rigorous control.

'''tea roses''' 
Yellow-orange roses.

'''cosmos''' 
any composite plant of the genus ''Cosmos'', of tropical America, some species of which are cultivated for their showy flowers.

==Page 510==

'''first momentous glance''' 
Page 349 only?

'''Elis''' 
Yale University students, called so after founder Eli Yale.

'''snooting''' 
the act of snubbing, treating scornfully or with disdain (OED)

'''tuned to a 440 A''' 
the elusive 440 A. ... Today's A above middle C has been set at 440 cycles per second or 440 Hertz. ...

==Page 511==

'''preferring''' 
Cf Rose in "Titanic".

'''Root Tubsmith''' 
Most likely a fictional character.

'''Fuchs''' 
Lazarus Fuchs (1833-1902), a German mathematician. He worked on differential equations and the theory of functions, ordinary differential equations with complex functions as coefficients, elliptic integrals, etc. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Fuchs.html Fuchs].

'''Schwarz''' 
Herman Schwarz (1843-1921), a German mathematician, known for his work in complex analysis. He worked in Halle, Göttingen and then Berlin, dealing with the subjects of function theory, differential geometry and the calculus of variation. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Schwarz.html Schwarz].

'''Frobenius''' 
Ferdinand Frobenius (1849-1917), a German mathematician. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Georg_Frobenius], possibly important here for his contributions to Group Theory and to topology [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenius_theorem_%28differential_topology%29]. He received his doctorate from the Univeristy of Berlin supervised by Weierstrass. Later, he taught mathematics there as well. He combined results from the theory of algebraic equations, geometry and number theory, which led him to the representation theory and the character theory of groups. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Frobenius.html Frobenius].

'''Professor Manning''' 
Henry Parker Manning (1859-1956) In 1889 he entered Johns Hopkins University to study mathematics, astronomy and physics. When he received his Ph.D. degree in 1891, his first printed paper had already appeared in the ''American Journal of Mathematics''. He was appointed instructor in mathematics at Brown that same year, and “with his advent,” Professor Raymond C. Archibald would later write, “a new era in the development of mathematics at Brown was ushered in.” From 1893 to 1908 Manning offered courses in higher mathematics never previously available at Brown, courses with names like “Theory of functions: algebraic functions, Riemann surfaces, and Abelian functions,” “Substitutions and transformation groups,” and “Quaternions, non-Euclidean geometry, and hyperspace.” After 1908 there were others in the department able to teach higher mathematics. His publications included ''Non-Euclidean Geometry'' in 1901, the first English language text in this subject, ''Irrational Numbers and their Representation by Sequences and Series'' in 1906, and ''Geometry of Four Dimensions'' in 1914. [http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/search.php?serial=M0090]

'''language difference''' 
Kit and Root both speak English, but in different mathematical dialects.

'''Marseilles''' 
Second largest city of France; Mediterannean port, legendarily corrupt.

'''species of tarantella''' 
Tarantella is a fast dance or dance tune in 6/8 time. Probably named for Taranto, not tarantula.

'''dreamed it''' 
(Page?)

'''Cigar Deck''' 
A deck on a luxury yacht, hotel or residence where 'gentlemen' went to smoke cigars.... "venue has everything - including a full bar, cigar deck, and dance floor. ..."

==Page 512==

'''how to stop looking''' 
Cf p27.

'''lobelias''' 
Plant or flower of the genus Lobelia. At least one member of the genus is blue (Blue Lobelia.

'''Victor Herbert''' 
Irish-born American composer (1859-1924) of songs, operettas, light classics.

'''Wolf-Ferrari''' 
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876-1948), born in Venice, composer of many extremely popular operas.

==Page 513==

'''She smlled falsely''' 
Error in first edition. Should be "She smiled falsely."

'''Reuben''' 
A hick, as in the carnie's cry, "Hey, Rube".

'''sailing along on Moonlight Bay''' 
Apparently someone overheard Kit's dialog. This phrase would become part of the song "On Moonlight Bay," Madden (lyrics) and Weinrich (music), 1912.

==Page 515==

'''high-hatting''' 
Snubbing, cutting.

'''memories of desert plateau, mountian peaks...some unexpected river''' 
Instantly recognizable to anyone familiar with the back-country Rocky Mountains.
Cf also the description of the landscape Frank's riding through on page 394/395.

'''twenty-knot push''' 
The ship is making twenty knots (20 nautical miles per hour), hence generating a twenty knot wind toward the stern.

'''uncreated''' 
Featureless? ongoing present becoming the future as compared to his memories.

The watery void of Genesis, before creation of the land and life.

'''after 1914''' 
Still 10 years away.

'''S.M.S. ''Emperor Maximilian''''' 
S.M.S.: Seiner Majestäts Schiff, His Majesty's Ship (German or, as in this case, Austrian). One Habsburg Emperor Maximilian was set up in Mexico, then deposed and killed.

'''25,000-ton''' 
The ship's displacement (measure of its size).

'''dreadnoughts''' 
''HMS Dreadnought'' gave her name to a new philosophy that governed the design of capital ships beginning in the 1890s and continuing past the 1920s: high speed, heavy armor, heavy investment in the "main battery" and de-emphasis of secondary battery, main battery comprising the largest practicable guns mounted in turrets on the ship's centerline.

'''Slavonian''' 
Perhaps a deceptive name for the company; Slavonia was an inland province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, northwest of Croatia; Trieste would have been in Slovenia.

'''Schultz-Thorneycroft''' 
???

'''Parsons turbines''' 
Cf. The Steam Turbine, by Sir Charles A. Parsons ---The Rede Lecture, 1911.
Was manufactured and named for Parsons--this lecture was after its extensive use.

'''British men-o'-war''' 
Warships.

==Page 516==

'''shell-rooms-to-be and giant powder magazines''' 
''Stupendica'' contains spaces that will belong to ''Maximilian'' on her transformation. (Indeed, she must contain the shells and powder too.)

'''circular cabins''' 
A battleship turret extends several decks below the gunhouse. No doubt there were stacks of these circular cabins.

'''twelve-inch barrels''' 
Dreadnoughts progressed from 8-inch main guns to 12-inch in a couple of decades.

'''shelter deck''' 
???

'''to fold upward''' 
Transformer fashion.

'''casemates''' 
Turrets.

'''freeboard''' 
The amount of the ship above the water. You need a certain amount of freeboard to maintain balance, but battleships try to limit it as much as possible (so as to present a smaller target).

'''"Dazzle" camouflage''' 
Patterns as described in the text, meant to confuse enemy eyes. [http://web.mac.com/gesamtkunstwerk/iWeb/The_Poetry_of_Sight/Dazzle%20Camouflage.html] Camouflage techniques used in World War I were developed in part by magician Jasper Maskelyne, a descendant of the Astronomer Royal in ''Mason & Dixon.''

'''dihedrals''' 
A dihedral is the figure formed by two planes intersecting in a line. The bow of a ship is pretty close.

'''Fangsley''' 
???

'''less horizontally disposed''' 
less level

Passenger liner has as many decks as possible above waterline. Warship has as many as possible ''below'' waterline, hence it's "taller."

'''Trieste''' 
Trieste is a city and port in northeastern Italy right on the border with Slovenia. It is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste on the Adriatic Sea, about 70 miles east of Venice across the Gulf of Venice. The city had been occupied, administrated, annexed by various countries in the past. As late as early 19th century Napoleon took it for France, and in 1813 Austrian empire annexed it and kept it until the end of World War I. In 1920 it was transfered to Italy. During World War II German occupied the city until 1945 when Yugoslav partisans under Tito briefly occupied the city. Between 1947 to 1954 Trieste was governed by British and American. Finally, in 1954 the city of Trieste went to Italy and the southern suburb went to Yugoslaiva (now Slovenia).

'''Lloyd Arsenale''' 
Lloyd Shipyard, Austria's commercial counterpart of Stabilimento Tecnico. In 1833 a company with the name ''Lloyd Austriaco'' was founded as a maritime insurance organization. Three years later a new section, the Shipping Section was established and running company's own vessels. In 1853 Lloyd Austriaco started buidling its own shipyard, called ''Arsenale'', both for building new ships and maintenance of the fleet. The shipyard was completed and fully operative in 1861. In 1919 ''Lloyd Austriaco'' changed its name to ''Lloyd Triestino'', currently still operating in Trieste. [[http://www.italiamarittima.it/newhistory.asp?ordernum=10 Lloyd Arsenale]].

'''Stabilimento Tecnico''' 
Technical Plant, a shipyard. Stabilimento Tecnico was an Austro-Hungarian shipbuilding company based in Trieste. It served the Austro-Hungarian Navy on a large scale and was the largest shipyard of that country. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilimento_Tecnico_Triestino Stabilimento]]. Four Tegetthoff class dreadnoughts were built by Stabilimento Tecnico for the Austro-Hungarian Navy: ''SMS Viribus Unitis, SMS Tegetthoff, SMS Prinz Eugen'' and ''SMS Szent Istvan''. They were of about 21,000 ton displacement and a speed of 20 kt with twelve 12-inch guns. Tegetthoff was a 19th century Austrian admiral.[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegetthoff_class_battleship Tegetthoff battleships]]. 
Stabilimento Tecnico and Lloyd Triestino are both currently active. In fact these two establishments are the largest industrial organizations in Trieste.

==Page 517==

'''''merged''''' 
Pynchon writes about bilocation in a peculiar sense: not necessarily one person being in two places, but one ''place'' being two (or one language being two, Dutch/Flemish, Serbian/Croatian).

'''Promontorio''' 
In Italian promontorio is headland, a small stripe of mountain-like terrain surrounded on all but one side by see.

'''O.I.C. Bodine''' 
Gotta be Pig Bodine from ''V.'' and ''GR'' and descendant of Fender-Belly Bodine in [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Mason & Dixon''].

Heck yeah. "O.I.C." is a U.S. Navy abbreviation (and Marines too!) for "Officer in Charge." Check this with [http://www.history.navy.mil/books/OPNAV20-P1000/O.htm Glossary of U.S. Naval Abbreviations website...]
:Yeah, only problem is, Bodine is neither an officer nor in charge of anything. He's a stoker, one of the lowest class of laborers aboard. This ID merits skepticism until someone explains why a member of the Black Gang is (nick)named "officer."

::Good point. He's ''named'' O.I.C. Bodine and, not being even Chief Stoker, we must doubt he's an officer. Interestingly, "oic" does have a piggish ring to it. If you leave the "in" in, it becomes O.in.C. pronounced "oink!" A-and if you say the initials out loud, they become homonymous with the exclamation "Oh, I see." Pynchon probably realized that old fans would look for Bodine in the new novel, and the initials anticipate their reaction upon encountering this old favorite: "Oh, I see Bodine!"

'''fermented potato mash''' 
Cf Veikko's vodka p82.

'''four shafts''' 
Four propellers.

'''''Mauretania''''' 
HMS Mauretania, launched 1907, sister ship of the ill-fated Lusitania (the sinking of the latter propelled the US into WW I). Served as Cunard liner, troopship, hospital ship in WW I.

'''''Zu befehl, Herr Hauptheitzer''''' 
German: Ready for orders, Chief Stoker. (Should be ''Zu Befehl, Herr Hauptheizer.'')

'''Black Gang''' 
The stoking crew, turned black by coal dust.

'''Oberhauptheitzer''' 
German: Master Chief Stoker. (Should be: ''Oberhauptheizer.'')

'''Mannlicher''' 
German military pistol.

'''''"Dampf mehr!"''''' 
German for "more steam!" (Should be: ''Mehr Dampf!'')
:If this is an error, as it appears to be (and as it's marked by [http://www.glanzundelend.de/glanzneu/pynchonpalm.htm German native speakers]), it may stem from a common phrase such as ''Wir haben keinen Dampf mehr,'' we have no more steam. Is there any remote possibility that ''Dampf mehr!'' was a form used in shipboard orders (spoken or telegraphed) at the time of the action?

'''singlet''' 
Undershirt.

==Page 518==

'''ignorant off''' 
Error in first edition. Should be "ignorant of".

'''Marconi room''' 
Radio shack.

'''British and German battle groups were engaged off the Moroccan coast''' 
This could be a reference to the First Moroccan Crisis (a.k.a. Tangier Crisis) taking place between March 1905 and May 1906. This would be in keeping with the timeline of the novel, however, there seems to have been no engagement of troops between British and German forces. On the other hand, this could also be a reference to the Agadir Crisis (a.k.a. The Second Moroccan Crisis) of 1911 where the German gunboat, Panther, was deployed to the Moroccan port of Agadir, threatening British naval supremacy. Although the later altercation seems unlikely given the timeline of the story, Pynchon notes that the S.S. Stupendica received its message "from somewhere else not quite in the world, more like from a continuum lateral to it."

'''design maximum of nine degrees''' 
''Maximilian'' will right herself from a nine-degree heel but may be in trouble if she leans over farther.

'''nymphs''' 
Stage in the life cycle of many insects, including the cockroach.

'''''"Porca miseria"''''' 
Italian: good grief, for heaven's sake, dammit.

==Page 519==

'''tight circle''' 
Military as inane as circus clowns.

'''southeast by east''' 
The compass rose has 32 points, each 11 and a quarter degrees from the next. Southeast by east is one point to the east of southeast, i.e., 123 and three-quarters degrees clockwise from north.

'''deeper levels''' 
(Eg particle vs wave?)

'''A "deeper level" where dualities are resolved''' 
Engine room is far below the main deck, therefore a deeper level. The ''Stupendica/Maximilian'' duality is resolved there because it's a shared space.

'''Chinese''' 
???

'''''nicht wahr''''' 
German: aint it true?

'''Graz''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz] is the capital of the Austrian province of Styria. It is the second largest city, after Vienna, in Austria. Graz's old town is one of the best-preserved city centers in Central Europe and is on the UNESCO list of World Cultural Heritage Sites.

'''bilge-crab''' 
Most likely an insult meaning "below-decks crew".

==Page 520==

'''a Teutonic''' 
Ethnically a German.

'''Tangier''' 
a seaport in Northern Morocco on the west end of the Strait of Gibralta, about 500 miles northeast from Agadir, another Atlantic seaport. (Casablanca is midway between them.)

'''Mulai Ahmed er-Raisuli''' 
Infamous Morrocan outlaw/warlord. From this [http://www.explorers.org/publications/books_club/imprint/housetears.php website]: "Several decades before Saddam Hussein, Osama bin Laden, and Islamic insurgents, an international crisis ignited between the United States and the Middle East. In May 1904 Moroccan warlord Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli kidnapped Ion Perdicaris, a wealthy Greek-American resident of Tangier, in an attempt to extort money from the Sultan of Morocco. President Theodore Roosevelt responded with his "big stick" approach to diplomacy by dispatching a squadron of seven battleships to the Moroccan coast with the order: "Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead." The nine-week standoff, with US troops and ships in Tangier Bay and Raisuli holding fort in the mountains, exposed the impotence of emerging American power and a critical misunderstanding about Moroccan politics. When it was discovered that Perdicaris was not an American citizen after all, the US government kept the embarrassing episode a secret until 1933. Profiting royally from the conflict, Raisuli built his palace, which he called the "House of Tears"." [http://www.capitalcentury.com/1904.html another source]

'''Agadir, Queen of the Iron Coast''' 
Agadir is a city in southwest Morocco, capital of the Souss-Massa-Dra region. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agadir Wikipedia] From the [http://www.jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/MOL_MOS/MOROCCO.html Encyclopedia Britannica]: "Sixty miles farther south lies Mogador, beyond which the coast becomes more and more inaccessible and dangerous in winter, being known to navigators as the " Iron Coast." From Cape Sim (Ras Tagriwalt), to m. south of Mogador, the direction is due south to Cape Ghir (Ighir Ufrani), the termination of Jebel Ida u Taman, a spur of the Atlas. Beyond this headland lies Agadir (Agadir Ighir), the Santa Cruz Mayor or Santa Cruz de Berberia
of the Spaniards, formerly known as the Gate of the Sudan.' It is a little town with white battlements three-quarters of a mile in circumference, on a steep eminence 600 ft. high." [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=AGADIR old postcards from Agadir]

'''''colonists''...justify German interests...shadow-colonists''' 
In July 1911, the german gunboat "Panther" approached the harbour of Agadir under the pretext to protect german citizens from Sus-tribesmen, resulting in the "Agadir-Crisis" and nearly triggering WW I three years early. As there were no german citizens to protect in Agadir, so one had to be dispatched from Mogador. See [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/boshtml/bos137.htm Morocco Crisis of 1911.] and [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/05/23/its_not_the_first_war_under_false_pretenses/ source]

'''...destined for plantation...''' 
Typo in First Edition.
???

'''Sus... Susi''' 
The Sous Basin [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souss Wikipedia] and it‘s inhabitants, probably.

'''Abdel Aziz''' 
Sultan of Morocco 1894-1908 (aged 10-24yrs.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelaziz_of_Morocco Wikipedia]

'''Canaries''' 
Canary Islands, about 80 miles off Morocco‘s Atlantic coast [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_islands Wikipedia]

'''Many would go crazy and set out in small boats...''' 
Another paramorpic mirror image of our century. The Canaries, a Spanish possession, are the goal of untold thousands of would-be African entrants to the EU, i.e. a route of illegal immigration.

'''Lübeck''' 
Lübeck is the second-largest city in Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck Wikipedia]

'''Berbers''' 
The Berbers (also called Amazigh people or Imazighen, "free men") are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. In actuality, Berber is a generic name given to numerous heterogeneous ethnic groups that share similar cultural, political, and economic practices. It is not a term originated by the group itself. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people Wikipedia]. Berbers of southwestern Morocco usually belong to the ones known as Chleuhs [http://c.1asphost.com/imazighen/chleuhs/algeria.htm pics]

==Page 521==

'''tree-climbing goats''' 
Can be seen often, esp. in Morocco [http://www.markhorrell.com/travel/morocco/antiatlas/goats3.html Pic]

'''argan trees''' 
The Argan (Argania spinosa, syn. A. sideroxylon Roem. & Schult.) is a species of tree endemic to the calcareous semi-desert Sous valley of southwestern
Morocco. It is the sole species in the genus Argania. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argan_tree Wikipedia]

'''Gnaoua''' 
The Gnawa or Gnaoua refers at once to a style of Moroccan music with sub-Saharan Africa origins or influence, an ethnic group and religious order at least in part descended from former slaves from Sub-Saharan Africa or black Africans migrated in caravans with the Trans-Saharan trade, or a combination of both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnawa Wikipedia] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/english/gallery/music/gnawa.html more on Gnaoua] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/french/galerie/musique/mp3/gnaoua.mp3 Gnaoua music sample mp3] [http://www.ibiblio.org/gnawastories/GNAWA%20STORIES20cDRIVE.swf nicely made site on Gnawa]

'''''mlouk gnaoui''''' 
Mlouk is the plural of melk, a supernatural entity envoked in the Gnawa rituals. Various types are known and they are distinguished by colors. The following is a google translation of the relevant paragraph from [http://www.bladi.net/2556-les-differents-aspects-de-la-culture-gnaouie.html this site]: "The mlouk are of male or female sex, Moslems or Jews. Their color corresponds to their origins. Thus one distinguishes the mlouks from the sea (bahriyin) to which one allots the light blue; the celestial ones (samaouiyin), have as a color dark blue; the mlouk of the forest (rijal el ghaba), originating in Africa, have as a color the black just like the mlouk pertaining to the troop of Sidi Mimoun, finally the red mlouk (Al homar), related to blood and which haunt the slaughter-houses, have as a color the red. The white and the green, colors symbols of Islam sunnite, are reserved to the called upon saints, in particular Moulay Abdelkader Jilali and Chorfa. To the female mlouk three colors are allotted: the yellow for the coquettery of Lala Reflected, the red for Lala Rkia for its capacity to cure the menorrhagia and the black for Lala Aïcha Kendisha because of its Sudanese origin. The Jewish mlouks which are sometimes called upon after the troop of the female mlouk have the black color. Incense fumigations of various perfumes accompany the invocations by these mlouks, with a preference however for the benzoin or jaoui."

'''Seigneurs Noirs''' 
French: Black Lords. According to the above translation, those most probably are jewish mlouks.

'''Bardo State''' 
Tibetan Bhuddist belief in a state between two mortal incarnations, during which one has direct perception of reality--for better or worse, Karmically speaking. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo]

'''Habsburg navy''' 
Austrian Navy

'''Mogador road''' 
Mogador" is a city and tourist resort in Morocco, near Marrakech on the Atlantic coast. (31°30′47″N)
Mogador is another name for Essaouira [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogador Wkipedia] about 70 miles north of Agadir. [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=MOGADOR old postcards Mogador]

'''Tawil Balak''' 
In the Liner Notes for the Album "Love Songs of Lebanon" [http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/trackdetail.aspx?itemid=29129 downloadable from this site] the song ''Tawil Balak Ya Habboub'' translates as "Patience, My Love" - Tawil Balak being the Patience part. (Thats one nice soundtrack, btw!)

"Tawil", according to web-searches, is arabic for "allegorical explanation/interpretation/exegese" (of the Qu‘ran and Sunna texts). "Balak" might refer to the according Tora reading (Parsah) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balak_%28parsha%29 Wikipedia]. cf. Balaam‘s Ass p. 432. Do the cosmopolitan regulars at the bar like Moises spend their time interpreting holy texts?

'''Rahman''' 
???

'''Ostend''' 
a seaport in northwest Belgium. ''Ostende'' in German and French. It is the largest city at the Belgian North Sea coast. (It is about 1,700 miles from Agadir, Morocco.)

'''''Fomalhaut''''' 
The Maritime Digital Encyclopedia lists a "Dutch Vessel" named "Formalhaut" [http://www.ibiblio.org/maritime/photolibrary/displayimage.php?album=lastup&cat=688&pos=0 pic].

According to several websites [http://skytonight.com/news/3310401.html?showAll=y&c=y 1] [http://www.skyscript.co.uk/pis_aus.html 2] [http://www.icoproject.org/star.html 3] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomalhaut Wikipedia] etc. Fomalhaut is the 17th or 18th brightest star as seen from our planet and is located in the constellation called Pisces Austrinus (Southern Fish). The name derives from the Arabic Fum (or Fam) al-Hut, meaning "Mouth of the Fish" or according to a few web-resources the contributor has just visited, "Mouth of the Whale". The latter would mean its a strong connotation with the Biblical Legend of Jonah and the Whale (see annotations for this page below (not a spoiler, i hope).

Among most readers of Science-Fiction "Fomalhaut" is a location as common as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldebaran "Aldebaran"] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_%28constellation%29 "Cassiopeia"].

As per today (07 01 10) the Wikipedia-Entry on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon_Fomalhaut Demon Fomalhaut] is just a stub. According to most sites the contributor just visited, claiming credibility in the Book of Enoch [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Enoch Wikipedia] and due to some more non-canonical catergorizations, Fomalhaut seems to be a member of the infamous gang of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallen_angel Fallen Angels], a daredevil companero to Lucifer that is. This sub-summation in a hierarchy of angels might refer to some astrological/-nomical constellations of the star Fomalhaut as is.

As usual, with TP, we dont know for sure if theres some outlandish pun intended/-cluded in the name of a person or thing. What, to give variety to it, about a german compositive noun? Ger. "formal" = formal (like in formal behavior) + "haut" = skin; "Formal Skin".

'''Moïsés''' 
???

'''Jonah... Massa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonah Jonah Wikipedia Entry] [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/jonah/jonah.html "Jonah on the Web"] From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco website]: "Some 60 m. farther south (from Agadir), at the mouth of a river known by the same name, is the roadstead of Massa, with a mosque popularly reputed the scene of Jonah's restoration to terra firma."

==Page 522==

'''Two Fishes, two Jonahs, two Agadirs?''' 
The Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 mentions rabbinic literature regarding two fishes - one male, one female - having swallowed Jonah: check out the "fish" paragraph [http://72.14.221.104/search?q=cache:8_12F1Yp1YoJ:www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp%3Fartid%3D388%26letter%3DJ+jonah+encyclopedia&hl=de&gl=at&ct=clnk&cd=1 here]. Both Tarshish (Cadiz), the "Agadir" in southwestern Spain, and Agadir in Morocco likely were founded by the Phoenicians: "Cadiz bears a Phoenician name, a deformation of Gaddir (wall), which we find in the Berber city of Agadir in Morroco." [http://faculty.uml.edu/jgarreau/50.315/Europ1.htm source]

'''kashbah''' 
Wikipedia entries on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasbah Kasbah] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casbah Casbah] [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/AGADIR/agadir-la-casbah-vue-en-avion.jpg The Casbah of Agadir as seen from above]

'''Ighir Ufrani''' 
a.k.a Cape Ghir, a cape north of Agadir.

'''''Mogador herring''...''alimzah''...''tasargelt''''' 
From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco Morocco Entry]: "Occasionally a small shoal (of mackarel) may be found as far south as Mogador. Soles, turbot, bream, bass, conger eel and mullet are common along the coast, and southern Morocco is visited occasionally by shoals of a large fish called the azlimzah (sciaena aquila), rough scaled and resembling a cod, and the tasargelt (Temnodon saltator), the "blue fish" of North America. Crayfish, prawns, oysters and mussels swarm in the rocky places, but the natives have no proper method of catching them, and edible crabs seem unknown. The tunny, pilchard and sardine, and a kind of shad known as the "Mogador herring," all prove at times of practical importance."

azlimzah (sciaena aquila) [http://www.finerareprints.com/animals/histoire_naturelle/vol_hn_fish_4999.htm pic] (the lower one).

tasargelt (Temnodon saltator) [http://www.amatorbalikci.net/resimupload/lufer.jpg pic] (not sure if this is the real thing!)

'''scruff''' 
???

'''Staketsel''' 
According to the [http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staketsel Dutch Wikipedia] and its link to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier english site] this means "pier". [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=oostende&name=20040909-004 pic]

'''lazarettes''' 
Below-decks storage space in the stern of a vessel. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarette].

'''''mon chou''''' 
"My cabbage." A french term of affection.

==Page 523==

'''moon deck''' 
???

'''lower orlop''' 
Lowest deck of a multi-decked vessel (OED).

'''lateen-riggers''' 
Boats or larger craft with triangular sails rigged fore-and-aft (picture: [http://www.carfilhiot.co.uk/media/1/20050607-rig.jpg]common in the Mediterannean [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateen] after introduction by the Romans in the 3rd century.

==Page 524==

'''exhilirated''' 
Second occurrence of this misspelling of ''exhilarated.'' (Cf. page 236, line 38: "exhiliration".)

'''Piazza Grande''' 
The central square in many Italian cities.

'''Denza''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page 353|page 353]]. Luigi Denza (1846-1922), Italian composer, most famous for his "Funiculi, funicula".

'''Antonio Smareglia''' 
Italian opera composer (1854-1929).

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

B

2007-04-16T08:02:10Z

Torerye: Added speculation about Bodine's title

'''Bad Ice''' 
134-35; uneven ice formed by pressure, currents and wind in the dynamic Arctic environment; 151;

'''Bad Taste''' 
Chums sworn to avoid, 114;

'''Bagdad Railway Concession''' 
228; In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire planned to construct a Baghdad Railway under German control. It became a source of international tension and played some role in the origins of the First World War; 238; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Railway Wikipedia entry]

'''Baklashan''' 
1022; "shadowy Russian agent" in 1914;

'''Baku''' 
168; Located on the Caspian Sea, Baku or Baky (Baki), capital and largest city of Azerbaijan. Since 1873 an oil belt of Baku began to be formed which was known as a Black City. Within a short period of time departments and representations of Swiss, English, French, Belgian, German and American firms were established in Baku, among them were the firms of the Nobels and Rothschilds. By the beginning of the 20th century almost half of the oil reserves in the world had been extracted in Baku; 441; 631; "with skeeters" 639; 751; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku Wikipedia entry] [[Discussion]]

'''Bakunin, Mikhail (1814-1876)''' 
373; well-known Russian revolutionary, and often considered one of the fathers of modern anarchism; 890; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin Wikipedia entry]

<div id="balaam"></div>'''Balaam's ass''' 
432; From the Bible, Numbers Chapter 22, wherein Balaam, a seer and Gentile, is sent by Balak, King of Moab, to confront the Israelites who, after 40 years in the desert, were camped on the plains of Moab. An angel, invisible to Balaam but visible to the ass, blocks the road and the ass won't proceed. Balaam repeatedly whips the ass until, by divine intervention, the ass is given the power of speech and speaks to Balaam, asking him why he treats him so badly. Balaam is taken aback and then sees the angel with sword drawn and falls to the ground, contrite. But the angel, instead of stopping him from his journey, tells Balaam to proceed on his mission. When Balaam reaches the top of a hill and sees the Israelites camped out below, a blessing unexpectedly issues from his lips. Two things here: 1) it's possible for a non-Hebrew to be a prophet and 2) this is one of only two instances in the Bible where animals speak, the other being the serpent in the Garden of Eden. [http://www.trivia-library.com/a/origins-of-the-term-balaam-ass.htm More from the Trivia Library]

'''Balkan Peninsula''' 
939; "darkly wishes for its own destruction"

'''Balkin ''komitadji''''' 
557; Komitadji, Comitadji or Komitaji (Turkish: Komitacı, "a rebel, member of a secret revolutionary society") is a member of a guerrilla band in Macedonia or the Balkan countries.

'''Ballhausplatz''' 
871;

'''Ball in Hand''' 
405; saloon where Dr. Zoot met Meatman; on West Symmes Street, 410;

'''Barkie''' 
729; "old Barkie" is sailor's slang for a wooden ship. However, "offer the light" is a cricket term where the umpire asks the batsmen if they wish to continue playing in poor light conditions.

'''Basnight, Lewis ("Lew")''' 
36-51; a "spotter" from White City Investigations; "couldn't remember what he 'd done, or hadn't done, or even when", Upstate-Downstate Beast, 37; "a kind of ''waking swoon''" 38; "a condition he had no memory of having sought, which he later came to think of as grace", "a luminosity new to him", "things were exactly what they were", 42; extraordinary ability of noticing things, 42; "a keen sympathy for the invisible" 43; "the side of the day" 44; transfer to Denver, 51; 171; Cyclomite trip, 182; emergence out of explosion, 221; 496; at Chunxton Crescent "Gus Swallowfield, Senior Underwriter" 611; in Los Angeles, 1035 [[Basnight, Lewis ("Lew")|DISCUSSION]]

'''Basnight, Troth''' 
38; Lew's wife, who leaves him;

'''Battle of Desconocido''' 
1020; "little known battle of" in California; "desconocido" means "unknown" in Spanish, and ''sounds'' like one of those little California towns. A fictional town, however.

'''Battle of Puebla''' 
315; The Battle of Puebla took place on May 5, 1862 near the city of Puebla, Mexico, during the French intervention in Mexico. It was a major Mexican victory, and is commemorated every year as Cinco de Mayo; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Puebla Wikipedia entry]

'''Bauer, Grünewald''' 
136;

'''Beaufort Scale''' 
15; a scale to measure wind speed; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale Wikipedia entry]

'''beaver''' 
"Beavers of the Brain" 183; Beaver Saloon, 193; "fancy black beavers with snakeskin bands" (Elmore Disco's hats), 243; "enormous brand-new beaver sombreros had just entered the Cosmopolitan" 292; "glossy swamp-beaver hides flashing darkly from beneath canvas tie-downs, to be traded for velvet, gold and silver brocades, giant feathers from very yellow, red, and green parrots" 926;

'''Beaver Saloon''' 
193;

'''"Beavers of the Brain"''' 
183; song by the beings inhabiting Lew Basright's steak

'''Becker, Mr.''' 
1076; Jesse Traverse's school teacher, and possibly his future father-in-law; see the [[Traverse Family Tree]]

'''Beef''' 
See [[ATD-M|'''Meat''']].

'''Belgian nihilists''' 
527; "Eugénie, Fatou, Denis, and Policarpe, styling themselves 'Young Congo'"

'''Bells''' 
70; 144; 243; 259; 302;

'''Bengal lights''' 
144; A steady bright blue light; formerly used as a signal but now a firework.

'''Beppo''' 
576; Dally's alter-ego; Beppo is the subject of the poem "Beppo" by Lord Byron; [[Beppo|Read the poem]]

'''Berlin Conference of 1878''' 
226; The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the European Great Powers' and the Ottoman Empire's leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. In the wake of the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78, the meeting's aim was to reorganize conditions in the Balkans. Otto von Bismarck, who led the Congress, undertook to balance the distinct interests of Great Britain, Russia and Austria-Hungary. As a consequence, however, differences between Russia and Austria-Hungary intensified, as did the nationality question in the Balkans; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin Wikipedia entry]

'''Bernadette o' Lourdes''' 
958; Saint Bernadette Soubirous (1844-1879) was a shepherd girl from the town of Lourdes in southern France. From February to July 1858, she reported eighteen apparitions of "a Lady." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous Wikipedia entry]

'''Bezumyoff''' 
781; "the know-it-all of the crew" on Padzy's ship

'''Bible''' 
86; Second Corinthians, 32; 223; St. Mark, 250; "Let there be light" 354; Judas Iscariot, 377; 413; [[#balaam|Balaam's ass]], 432; Sodom and Gomorrah, 441; 441; 452; Jonah and Agadir, 521; Judas Priest, 525; Lot's wife, 550; Lucifer, 575; Infancy Gospel of Thomas, 579; Pentacost story from Acts of the Apostles (Jesus and the dyes), 579-80; Wormwood, 784; Matthew 7:15, 784;

'''Big Bang''' 
"''Salsa Explosiva La Original''," 129; "stars blown by the shockwaves of the Creation," 404;

'''Big Billy's''' 
260;

[[Image:Billy-the-Kid.jpg|thumb|Billy the Kid, painting by Jacques Moitoret|right]]'''Billy the Kid (1859-1881)''' 
263; Henry McCarty, better known as Billy the Kid, but also known by the aliases Henry Antrim and William Harrison Bonney, was a 19th century American frontier outlaw and gunmen who was a participant in the Lincoln County War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_the_Kid Wikipedia entry]

'''bilocation''' 
143; the ability (said of certain Roman Catholic saints) to exist simultaneously in two locations; "there are two distinct versions of 'Asia' out there" 249; Estrella, double of Stray Briggs, 393; Chums of Chance and the Marching Academy Harmonica Band, 418-24; "enough to divide a fellow into two" 464; two Agadirs, 521-22; ''Stupendica'', 514; Dally, 524; doubling, 564; multiple identities, 570; sawed-in-half folks, 571-72; Principessa Spongiatosta, 583; Werfner/Renfrew, 683, 685; Orphic and Pythagorean religionns, 686; Lew Basright, 688, 690; Auberon Halfcourt, 759; the fork in the road, 766; Frank Traverse, 924-925; 990; 1049-50; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilocation Wikipedia entry]

'''Bindlestiffs of the Blue A.C.''' 
18; aeronautical club from Oregon ("A.C." for alternating current?); a bindelstiff is a hobo, especially one who carries a bedroll.

'''Bing, Liu''' 
345; "tong warrior's girlfriend"

'''Biometric Institute of Neuropathy''' 
433;

'''[[Birds]]'''

'''Black Gang''' 
517; the stokers; 519;

'''Black Hand, The''' 
829; "widely-feared Serbian organization"; Batco and Senta, 834;

'''Black Hundreds''' 
595; pogrom

'''Black, Miss Penelope ("Penny")''' 
18; distaff member of the Bindlestiffs of the Blue A.C.; the "Penny Black" is considered the first postage stamp issued, by the U.K. and Ireland in 1840; now "admiral of a fleet of skyships" 1083; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black Wikipedia entry]

'''Blanca, La''' 
287; "local name" for [[ATD-M#meldrum|Bob Meldrum's]] wife;

'''Blaskó, Béla''' 
915; the original name of the Hungarian actor Bela Lugosi (1882-1956) whose most famous role was that of Dracula; "our famous actor from Lugos" 913; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_lugosi Wikipedia entry]

[[image:hp-blavatsky.jpg|thumb|Madame H.P. Blavatsky|right]]<div id="blavatsky"></div>'''Blavatsky, Madame''' (1831-1891) 
219; Helena Petrovna Hahn (also Hélène), better known as Helena Blavatsky (Russian: Елена Блаватская) or Madame Blavatsky, born Helena von Hahn, was a founder of the Theosophical Society; "working for the Tsarist secret service" aka Third Section, aka Okhrana, 631; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Blavatsky Wikipedia entry]

'''Blitz Instruments''' 
53; Blitz is a manufacturer of musical instruments and accessories

'''Bloggins''' 
446; working undercover with Gaspereaux

'''bloodline of my enemy''' 
332; [["bloodline of my enemy" DISCUSSION |DISCUSSION]]

'''Blope, Dr. Templeton''' 
131; of the University of the Outer Hebrides

'''Blue Ivory''' 
125;

'''Blundell, Miles''' 
4; Handyman Apprentice aboard the ''Inconvenience''; 107; nonsense speaking, 110-13; the Book, 251; 417; "temporarily lapsing into English" 427; recognizes the Trespassers, Mr. Ace, 417; "extra-temporal excursions" 443; and Pugnax, 550; "prefiguration of the Holy City" 551; "As above [...] so below" 796;

'''Bly, Nellie (1864-1922)''' 
37; Born May 5, 1864, to Judge Michael Cochran and Mary Jane Kennedy Cochran, part of the large Cochran family of Apollo, Pennsylvania, Elizabeth Jane Cochrane revolutionized journalism for women. She is better known by her pen name, "Nellie Bly," which she adapted from the Stephen Foster song, "Nelly Bly." Daring and innovative, she gained world fame when she beat Jules Verne's fictional character Phileas Fogg's record for traveling around the world in 80 days by more than a week, departing on November 14, 1889 and returning to New York on January 25, 1890; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Bly Wikipedia entry]

'''Bobrikoff, General''' 
83; "evil viceroy" of Russian Tsar

'''Bodine, O. I. C. (Officer in Charge)''' 
517; American stoker aboard the ''Stupendica''; "O.I.C." is a U.S. Navy abbreviation (and Marines too!) for "Officer in Charge." Check this with [http://www.history.navy.mil/books/OPNAV20-P1000/O.htm Glossary of U.S. Naval Abbreviations website...] If you leave the "in" in the initialism, it becomes O.in.C. pronounced "oink!"519. A-and if you say the initials out loud, they become homonymous with the exclamation "Oh, I see." Pynchon probably realized that old fans would look for Bodine in the new novel, and the initials anticipate their reaction upon encountering this old favorite: "Oh, I see Bodine!"

'''Bogomils''' 
956; Bogomilism is the Gnostic dualistic sect, the synthesis of Armenian Paulicianism and the local Slavonic Church reform movement in Bulgaria between 950 and 1396 and in the Byzantine Empire between 1018 and 1186. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogomils Wikipedia entry]

'''Bohr, Niels (Henrik David) (1885-1962)''' 
412; Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics. Bohr is widely considered one of the greatest physicists of the twentieth century. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr Wikipedia entry]

'''Boilster, Eugene''' 
477; sheriff of Wall o' Death;

'''Boilster, Tace''' 
479; Eugene's wife;

'''Boilster, Roy Mickey''' 
480; Tace's brother;

'''Boilster, Chloe''' 
485; Eugene's & Tace's daughter

'''Boll Weevil Lounge''' 
47;

'''''Bol'shaia Igra''''' 
Russian: the Great Game; Padzhy's ship, counterpart to the ''Inconvenience'', at the North Pole, 123; in Venice, 245; at Taklamakan, having left Tian Shan, 754; at Irkutsk, 779;

<div id="mapimi"></div>'''Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
395; Spanish: ''Mapimi Basin'' - An enclosed depression in northern Mexico, that comprises parts of the states of Chihuahua, Coahuila and Durango. Situated in the arid northern plateau region and averaging 3,000 ft (900 m) in elevation, it is structurally similar to the Basin and Range region of Arizona and New Mexico, in the United States. One ''very'' interesting thing about the Mapimi Basin is the "[[Zone of Silence]]"...; 922; 983; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapimi_silent_zone Wikipedia]

'''Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844–1906)''' 
596; Austrian physicist who made pivotal contributions to thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, inventing several of the key notions of the latter field. [[Ludwig Boltzmann|Read his bio...]]

'''Bonnet, Charles (1720-1793)''' 
307; Swiss naturalist and philosophical writer who first described what became known as the Charles Bonnet syndrome (or CBS for short), a term used to describe the situation when people with sight problems start to see things which they know aren't real. Sometimes called visual hallucinations, the things people see can take all kinds of forms from simple patterns of straight lines to detailed -pictures of people or buildings. These can be enjoyable or sometimes upsetting; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bonnet Wikipedia entry]

'''''Book of the Masked, The''''' 
853; book Vlado entrusts to Yashmeen; "an intelligence so grand and fatal" 863; Yashmeen gives it to Cyprian, 875; [[Self-Reference in Against the Day|Quite self-referential!]]

'''Boot Hill''' 
648;

'''Böpfli''' 
669; 670;

'''Borrasca''' 
364; Reef's colt;

'''Borowicz, Professor Bogoslaw''' 
343; at McVeety's Theater "Floor Shows"

'''Bosanquet, Bernard James Tindal (1877-1936)''' 
237; "this Middlesex spinner"; an English cricketer, perhaps most renowned as the inventor of the googly (sometimes called the Bosie or, in Australia, the Wrong'un ), born in Bull's Cross, Enfield, Middlesex; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Bosanquet_(cricketer) Wikipedia entry]

'''Bosch''' 
554; the artist

'''Boulanger, General Georges Ernest Jean-Marie (April 29, 1837 – September 30, 1891)''' 
543; anniversary of his suicide and the Chums of Chance; Boulanger was a French general and reactionary politician. Very popular with the military, He rose through the ranks to general, and began his own political movement, an ecclectic one that capitalized on the frustrations of French conservatism, advocating the three principles of ''Revanche'' (Revenge on Germany), ''Révision'' (Revision of the Constitution), ''Restauration'' (the return to monarchy). The common reference to it has become ''Boulangisme'', a term used by its partisans and adversaries alike. A failed coup began his downfall. He was charged with conspiracy and treason and a warrant for his death was issued. He committed suicide by a bullet to the head on the grave of his mistress. 548; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Boulanger Wikipedia entry]

'''Bounce, Roswell''' 
60; photographer; Hypop Apparatus, 425; Scarsdale Vibe trial in Cleveland, 455; Hercules, 455; in Los Angeles, with Merle Rideout, 1035; "paranoia querelans" 1036;

'''''boutonniere''''' 
33; A boutonniere, also buttonhole, is a flower or floral decoration pushed or pinned through the button hole of a lapel of a suit.

'''Boxer Rebellion''' 
1019; Chums of Chances' "decisive action" in; The Boxer Uprising was a Chinese rebellion from November 1899 to September 7, 1901 against foreign influence in areas such as trade, politics, religion and technology that occurred in China during the final years of the Qing Dynasty. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion Wikipedia entry]

'''Boyne''' 
231;

'''''brodyagi''''' 
788; "former hard-labor convicts" sentenced to "internal exile" in Siberia

'''brambled guttie''' 
603; gutta-percha ball (a golf ball), a brambled spheroid; 934

'''Bresci, Gaetano (1869-1901)''' 
739; "Anarchist gunhand"; An Italian-American anarchist who assassinated Umberto I, King of Italy. Found dead in prison, "suicided" by the guards; 1011; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaetano_Bresci Wikipedia entry]

'''Breedlove, "Dope"''' 
369; "and his Merry Coons" - houseband at Maman Tant Gras Hall in New Orleans;

'''Breguet''' 
457; the tourbillion

'''Brice''' 
1015; trooper who stops Jesse Traverse during his attempted escape of the tent city

'''Briggs, Estrella (Stray)''' 
200; and Reef Traverse, 358-367; in Nochecita; Aunt Adelina; at a "small ranch outside Fickle Creek" 462; 920-921;

'''Briggs, Willow''' 
361; Stray's sister; husband Holt, 367;

'''British craving for the dark and shiny''' 
678; Perhaps an [[Dark and Shiny|Orwellian reference?]]

'''Brocken''' 
632;

'''Brownian Movement''' 
587; The random motion of small particles, such as dust specks or pollen grains, suspended in a fluid. Because the atoms in the fluid are constantly jostling with thermal energy — ''heat'' being nothing but the kinetic energy of atoms in random movement — the larger objects floating in the fluid are bombarded this way and that, like a beach ball being attacked on all sides by peashooters. First observed by the British botanist Robert Brown (1773–1858) in 1827, this jittery behavior provided the first direct evidence that atoms existed. The [http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/great1.htm young Albert Einstein] (1879–1955) worked out the [http://lorentz.phl.jhu.edu/AnnusMirabilis/AeReserveArticles/ed_brownian.pdf theory behind Brownian motion,] producing in 1905 an equation which gave the size of atoms in terms of quantities one could observe about Brownian motion. In 1908, the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Perrin (1870–1942) succeeded in measuring these variables, discovering that atoms are roughly one ten-billionth of a meter in diameter.

'''Brownie''' 
277; Kodak camera introduced in 1900 for one dollar

'''Browning''' 
578; the poet

'''Brueghel''' 
554;

'''Brugere's power''' 
529; Brugere's powder uses '''picric acid''' which, when ignited, burns quietly with a smoky flame and is very difficult to detonate by percussion; its salts, however, are more readily detonated. Part of the picric family, Brugere's powder is a mixture of 54 parts of ammonium picrate and 45 parts of saltpetre; '''Designolle's powder''', composed of potassium picrate, saltpetre and charcoal is also a member of this family of explosives. [[Picric Acid|More on picric acid]]

'''Bruno''' 
101; Scarsdale Vibe's bodyguard

'''buck-and-wing artist''' 
303; "buck-and-wing" is a solo tap dance emphasizing sharp taps

'''Buddhist parable''' 
742; re burning coal

'''Buffalo Bill''' 
[[ATD-C#buffalo|See Cody, Buffalo Bill]]

'''Bugatti, Carlo (1856-1940)''' 
867; the only Italian of his generation who broke with the prevailing historicism of the nineteenth century and sought to create objects that did not directly imitate styles of the European past; he drew instead from more exotic sources - notably Islamic and Japanese art. Moreover, unlike many other European furniture designers working around 1900, he did not utilize the dramatic whiplash line that distinguishes the decorative arts of the period and generally goes under the rubric of art nouveau. Bugatti developed an extensive repertoire of furniture forms, and, since Italian furniture makers utilized handcraft production techniques fight through the nineteenth century, he was able to experiment with a variety of forms and techniques. [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-55166492.html]

'''Burchell, Mrs.''' 
228; medium at Stead séance; her "prophetic account of the Serbian outrage" 719;

'''Burgess''' 
a sheriff Reef argues with; Laureen, his wife;

'''''Burgher King, The''''' 
914; "an operetta, all the rage in Vienna at the moment"; Ha! Pynchon tosses a bone to the exegetes. Most definitely fictional.

'''Buri''' 
142; "grandfather of Odin and the first gods"

'''Busted Flush''' 
313; Jimmy Drop's hangout in Telluride

'''Byng, Admiral''' 
545;

'''Byron's Pool''' 
490; where Yashmeen bathed nude;

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

Errata

2007-03-28T11:32:28Z

Torerye: Added "Rosewell"-erratum (p. 1049) again: Note the extra citation mark!

The following list provides '''errata''' for ''[[Against the Day]],'' indicating places where readers have found misspellings, punctuation gaffes or other similar errors. Please note that some of these "mistakes" may be deliberate stylistic choices on the author's part.

== Errata in first printing (Nov. 2006), first US edition ==

[[Against the Day description|Front flap]]: "Nikolai" Tesla, elsewhere (and conventionally) "Nikola"

Copyright page line 1: "VIKING" (should be "PENGUIN PRESS")

Copyright page line 16: "Viking Penguin" (should be "Penguin Press")

Page 63 line 14 "Unless," Ed pointed out, ["]it ''is'' God."

Page 82 line 1 "richochets"

Page 82 line 30 "Cour d'Alene"

Page 87 line 12 "be" doubled

Page 87 line 31-32 "ridegerunning"

Page 92 line 15 "what" doubled

Page 116 line 39 "de[c]lared"

Page 236 line 38: "exhiliration"

Page 240 line 8 "Re[n]frew"

Page 248 line 18: ''Culo'',[']"

Page 254 line 31 "recon[n]aissance"

Page 284 line 19: tartalan should be tarlatan

Page 307 line 14 how about that?["]

Page 334 line 19 "of" doubled

Page 348 line 1 "sixth" should be "Sixth"

Page 374 line 20 "that" should be "than"

Page 375 line 10 "what is is" should be "what is"

Page 380 line 24 "Sergeant, Vasquez" should be "Sergeant Vasquez"

Page 385 line 34 "knowss"

Page 399 line 33-34 "were" should be "was" to agree with "band"

Page 409 line 17 "Wellesianism"

Page 420 line 28 "opportunit[i]es"

Page 427 line 7 "esssential"

Page 440 line 33 "sib[i]lance"

Page 444 line 8 "Oasi[s]" No typo. Oasi is Italian for Oasis

Page 490 line 16 "Phil[l]ippa"

Page 503 line 25 "The cycle, Yashmeen, speculated, might..."

Page 505 line 1 "momument"

Page 513 line 11 "smlled"

Page 515 line 32 "th[r]oughout"

Page 517 line 15 "''Haupthei[t]zer''" (In this and next 2 entries, consider the possibility that Pynchon used a contemporary source (1890s to 1910s) containing an archaic spelling with the '''tz.''')

Page 517 line 25 "Oberhaupthei[t]zer"

Page 519 line 16 "Oberhaupthei[t]zer"

Page 518 line 1 "off" for "of"

Page 522 line 17 "alimzah" should be "azlimzah"

Page 524 line 10 "exhilirated"

Page 531 Line 13 "rende[z]vous"

Page 548 line 24 "harbors," comma should be period

Page 552 line 10 "is, [is]"

Page 552 line 23 "be" doubled

Page 563 line 36 "''mo[d]erskont''" (?)

Page 590 line 29 That is, is it was ''some smile''.

Page 616 line 21 dueling transliterations: "Izmeren[i]ye"

Page 623 line 18 ''Verfluchte[r]''

Page 636 line 4 "f[r]om"

Page 652 line 12 "opportunit[i]es"

Page 680 line 10 "Colonnel"

Page 726 line 6 ''caorlina'' should be ''carolina''

Page 726 line 26 "Adam[s]

Page 766 line 25 "Rimpung" should be "Rinpung"

Page 778 line 1 "have [to] go"

Page 782 line 16 "when" doubled

Page 786 line 5 "th[r]ough"

Page 790 line 5-6 "interrested"

Page 790 line 24 "a[r]rival"

Page 799 line 4 "st[r]eet"

Page 801 line 12 "susceptib[i]lity"

Page 831 line 5 "ar[t]ificial"

Page 880 line 38 "Gradengio" for Gradenigo

Page 887 line 25 "endlessless" for endlessness

Page 896 line 37 "''Tallis'' Fantasia" [of Vaughan Williams]: misleading italics

Page 900 line 19 "the" doubled

Page 915 line 16 "perfo[r]ming"

Page 943 line 4 "Ou[t]side"

Page 943 line 36 "unfor[e]seen [variant, 'fore' used elsewhere]

Page 968 line 27 "every[b]ody"

Page 971 line 4 "were" doubled

Page 1000 line 14 final period omitted from L.A.H.D.I.H.D.A[]

Page 1034 line 7 "Thickbush" [vs. "Thick Bush" at 8.3]

Page 1036 line 36 "querelans" [vs. "querulans" at 455.16]

Page 1036 line 32 "'Dick' Counterfly" [vs. double quotation marks on pp. 1034–35, 1037–38]

Page 1037 line 29 "tran[s]parencies"

Page 1049 line 21 ""Rosewell" for "Rosewell"

Page 1071 line 35 "''Um''" for "''Un''"

Page 1074 line 26 "...Reef, Stray, and Ljubica returned..." should be Yashmeen, not Stray (Estrella)

Page 1087 ("ABOUT THE AUTHOR"): lists ''Mason '''and''' Dixon,'' rather than ''Mason '''&''' Dixon'' as given on the "Also by Thomas Pynchon" page in the front matter.

'''Back Flap:''' ''Mason '''and''' Dixon''
[[Category:ATD]]

S

2007-03-28T11:20:34Z

Torerye: Added 'Sentience Rocksters' reference in GR

'''Sabine''' 
1007; Stray's neighbor in the tent city

'''St. Barbara''' 
81; According to legend, Saint Barbara was the extremely beautiful daughter of a wealthy heathen named Dioscorus, who lived near Nicomedia in Asia Minor, in the 4th Century AD. Because of her singular beauty and fearful that she be demanded in marriage and taken away from him, he jealously shut her up in a tower to protect her from the outside world. When Barbara converted to Christianity, her enraged father killed her and was subsequently struck down by lightening. St. Barbara was venerated as early as the seventh century. The legend of the lightning bolt which struck down her father caused her to be regarded as the patron saint in time of danger from thunderstorms, fires and sudden death. When gunpowder made its appearance in the Western world, Saint Barbara was invoked for aid against accidents resulting from explosions since some of the earlier artillery pieces often blew up instead of firing their projectile, Saint Barbara became the patroness of the artillerymen.[http://sill-www.army.mil/pao/pabarbar.htm From this website.] According to Codex Vaticanos 866 ([http://www.bergbaumuseum.at/Barbaralegende.htm german translation]) and the [http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/goldenLegend/barbara.htm Golden Legend], St. Barbara, when fleeing her father prayed and "marvellously" a stone/rock took her in and released her on top of a mountain. That^s probably why she is patroness of miners, too. The [http://www.wilsonsalmanac.com/book/dec4.html wilsonalmanac] lists some interesting facts about St. Barbara customs around the world. There seems to be a special icelandic St. Barbara legend but all i could find out is that [http://scandinavian.wisc.edu/wolf/index.html Kirsten Wolf] edited a book called "The Old Norse-Icelandic Legend of Saint Barbara"

'''St. Cosmo, Randolph''' 
24; Ship Commander of ''The Inconvenience''; Historically, there are two versions St. Cosmo (aka St. Cosmas): the "randy" St. Cosmos, aka the "modern Priapus," and the saintly martyred St. Cosmos of Catholic/Church lore. Pynchon, it seems, is connecting Randolph St. Cosmo to the former. "Randy," as astute observers will note, is an adjective which means, well, "horny." There's a distinct sexual thread woven throughout ''Against the Day'' [[Basnight%2C_Lewis_%28%22Lew%22%29|(See the ''beginnings'' of exploring this angle...]]) a-and Heartsease, St. Cosmo's skymate, is the first to get pregnant! so this seems to fit right in. [[St. Cosmo|Read more about the historical St. Cosmo...]]; and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sts._Cosmas_and_Damian Wikipedia entry]

'''St. Masque''' 
108; Indian Ocean island; volcano, 109;

'''St. Paul''' 
107; Indian Ocean island

'''Saint-Saëns, Camille''' 
27; his "wonderful 'Bacchanale'"; from his opera "Samson and Delila which premiered in Weimar, Germany on December 2, 1877; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns Wikipedia entry]

'''''Saksaul'', H.M.S.F.''' 
425; The ''saksaul'' is a plant/tree native to the deserts of Central Asia, particularly the Gobi desert where some believe Shambhala lies underground; it has a very hard wood and is covered with knobs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxaul Wikipedia] [http://www.pbase.com/william_sokolenko/image/68724037 pic]; "subdesertine craft" 432; 434; attacked, 444;

'''Salazar, General''' 
984; and Frank Traverse

'''Salisbury, Lord (1830-1903)''' 
58; Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, known as Lord Robert Cecil before 1865 and as Viscount Cranborne from 1865 until 1868, was a British statesman and Prime Minister on three occasions, for a total of over 13 years; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil%2C_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury Wikipedia entry]

'''Sananzolo, Ettore''' 
571; engineer at mirror factory in Venice

'''Sanatorium Böfli-Spazzoletta''' 
692; "Bright red private hostel stamp"

'''sand-fleas''' 
440; aka ''Chong pir'' ("big lice"), live under the desert and feed on human blood; ''Pulex'';

'''Sands, Captain''' 
444; aka Inspector at Whitehall in London; 607; "Inspector Sands" is a code phrase used on the London Underground to alert authorities of a potential emergency without causing panic amongst travellers. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspector_Sands Wikipedia entry]

'''San Miguel County''' 
80; where Merle Rideout and Dally lived, in Colorado

'''Santos-Dumont, Monsieur''' 
529; 576;

'''sap-head''' 
7; a fool: a person who lacks good judgment

'''Saracens''' 
436; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saracen Wikipedia entry]

'''Saratoga chips''' 
39; Potato chips; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saratoga_chips Wikipedia entry]

'''Satan''' 
"some ruler of some underworld," 231; "the Evil One," 333; Darby's and Chick's faith that Dr. Zoot "will prove not altogether diabolical," 403; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satan Wikipedia entry]

'''Scarlet Pimpernel''' 
846; ''The Scarlet Pimpernel'' is a classic play and adventure novel by Baroness Emmuska Orczy, set during the French Revolution. It first opened on 15 October 1903 at Nottingham’s Theatre Royal, in London; the character is an anonymous hero who, through a combination of courage and daring, has rescued many French aristocrats from the guillotine and brought them safely to England. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scarlet_Pimpernel Wikipedia entry]

'''Scent''' 
See [[#smell|Smell]], below.

'''''Schicksal, das''''' 
635; german: fate, destiny

'''Schiff, Jacob Henry''' 
131; banker [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Schiff Wikipedia Entry]

'''Schleppingsdorff''' 
914; Royal advisor in ''The Burgher King''; the name is reminiscent of the German actor Max Schlepzig in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki ''Gravity's Rainbow'']; a "schlep" is Yiddish slang for a stupid person, a loser.

'''Schmidt, Chief''' 
59; Cleveland cop

'''Schwärmer''' 
613; gas pressure;

'''Schwartz''' 
511; mathematician at University of Berlin

'''Scioto''' 
66;

'''Scorcher cap''' 
42; "In […]1892 [… a] bicyclist to be considered genuine had to be dressed in bicycle clothes. A man had to wear bicycle pants which were baggy at the top and tight to the legs below. Then he had to have bicycle socks and shoes. The shoes were made of canvass. Then he had to have a loose fitting grey colored shirt which we would designate now as a sport shirt. Then on his head he had to wear a tight fitting cap with a long bill in front, the longer the better up to a certain ceiling length. With this outfit and a bicycle with drop handlebars he was ready to appear in public as a real cyclist. If he could make 20 miles an hour on a good track he was called a "scorcher," the idea being that he was going so fast that he would scorch at least the end of his nose if nothing else." (From [http://www.velorution.biz/?p=1288 this website...])

'''Screaming''' 
145; 404; 440;

'''scuttlebutt''' 
3; The origin of the word scuttlebutt which is nautical parlance for a rumor, comes from a combination of scuttle - to make a hole in the ship's side causing her to sink - and butt - a cask or hogshead used in the days of wooden ships to hold drinking water; thus the term scuttlebutt means a cask with a hole in it. Scuttle; describes what most rumors accomplish if not to the ship, at least to morale. (from [http://www.goatlocker.org The Goat Locker Website])

'''Scylla''' 
1043; "astrologer of Lew's acquaintance"

'''Second Law of Thermodynamics''' 
1020; The second law of thermodynamics is an expression of the universal law of increasing entropy. In simple terms, it is an expression of the fact that over time, differences in temperature, pressure, and density tend to even out in a physical system which is isolated from the outside world. Entropy is a measure of how far along this evening-out process has progressed; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics Wikipedia entry]

'''Secret Service''' 
94; "to keep the President from gettin shot [...] and go after counterfeiters"

'''Self-reference''' 
117; "my harmless little intraterrestrial scherzo"; "Hundreds, by now thousands, of narratives, all equally valid what can this mean?" 681-82;

'''Semana Santa''' 
376; Easter or Holy Week; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semana_Santa Wikipedia entry]

'''Sempitern''' 
452; Candlebrow's canoeable river

'''Senta''' 
834; member of The Black Hand, the feared Serbian outfit

'''Sentience''' 
Sentient Rocksters, 133, 149; the railroad's "steel webwork was a living organism" 177; sand dunes, 752; the journey as "conscious being" 765; wind 773; talking wolves, 784; Ssagan, the talking horse, speaking Buriat, 785; the sea, 818; roses, 949; Tesla rig, 952;

'''Sentient Rocksters''' 
133. The phrase also appears on p. 612 of [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Sergei, Grand Duke''' 
595; assassinated;

'''Sergeievitch, Pavel''' 
780; on the ''Bol'shaia Igra''

<div id="serpents"></div>'''Serpents'''
"serpentine hypnosis," "serpent-like," 141; 145; 195; "Serpent in the Garden was never symbolic," 223; "Aztec foundation story of the eagle and the serpent

'''Seurat, Georges-Pierre (1859-1891)''' 
584; French painter and the founder of Neoimpressionism. His large work ''Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte'' is one of the icons of 19th century painting; 587; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Seurat Wikipedia entry]

'''Seven Sisters''' 
159;

'''Sfinciuno Itinerary''' 
248; "a map or chart of post-Polo routes into Asia, believed by many to lead to the hidden city of Shambhala itself" 248; "not a geographical map at all"? 425; Alonzo Meatman arrives with a copy of the "enigmatic map." 436; "additional level of encryption" 437; [[Sfinciuno Itinerary|DISCUSSION]]

'''''Shabotshi''''' 
390; The Tarahumare Indians of the Sierra Madre, one of the least known among the Mexican tribes, live in caves to such an extent that they may properly be termed the American Cave-Dwellers of today. In their iconography, the devil is always represented with a beard, and the Tarahumari call Mexicans "Shabotshi" ("the bearded ones"); [[Tarahumare Indians|About the Tarahumare Indians]]

'''shady side of forty''' 
1051; that would be over forty; I vaguely recall Pynchon referring to his wife as being on the "sunny side of forty" ... what goes around comes around.

'''Shakespeare, William (1564-1616)''' 
344; English poet and playwright widely regarded as the greatest writer of the English language, and as the world's preeminent dramatist (although some don't buy it!); 385; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice ''Merchant of Venice''] (Antonio, the merchant in the play, is worried about pirates attacking his shipping), 819; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare Wikipedia entry]

'''Shambhala''' 
248; 259; 435; In Tibetan Buddhist tradition, Shambhala (also spelled Shambala or Shamballa) is a mystical kingdom hidden somewhere beyond the snowpeaks of the Himalayas; 441; 609; "An ancient metropolis of the spiritual, some say inhabited by the living, others say empty, in ruins, buried someplace beneath the desert sands of Inner Asia. And of course there are always those who'll tell you that the true Shambhala lies within."" 628; 631; "the Pure Land" 686; 718; and secular European politics, 748; and Rinpungpa, 750; "north of the Taklamakan" 767; Kit's vision of, 770; Khocho, 772; post-Tunguska, 793; "not a goal, but an absence" 975; album of Shambhala postage stamps, 1081; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shambhala Wikipedia entry] [[Shambhala|Notes on Shambhala in the Gobi Desert]]

'''Shambles''' 
The Chicago Stockyards, 10; "'End of the line for you all,'" 82; "Ireland has become a literal shambles," 230; "great planetary killing-floor," 443;

'''Sharma''' 
760; Mushtaq's cousin

'''Shorty''' 
506; ship's cook near Krakatoa

'''Siege of Paris''' 
19;

'''Signat''' 
584;

'''Signori di Notte''' 
880; Doge Gradengio's "cutthroat squad" in Venice;

'''Sigurd, King''' 
127;

'''Silent Frock''' 
803; Noellyne's

'''Sillery''' 
162; drinking;

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
529; 706;

<div id="silveract">'''Silver Act'''</div>
89; repeal of in 1893, 89; President Cleveland, convinced that the Sherman Silver Act, passed in 1890, was the cause of the drain on the U.S. gold reserves, called a special session of congress and convinced them to repeal the Act. [[Sherman Silver Act|Read more...]]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman_Silver_Purchase_Act Wikipedia entry]

<div id="simla">'''Simla'''</div>
758; Now Shimla, Simla was the summer capital of the erstwhile British Raj in India. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimla Wikipedia entry]

'''single up all lines''' 
3; 442; 821;

'''Sipido''' 
528; Anarchist assassin

[[Image:ball-lightning.jpg|thumb|Ball Lightning|right]]'''Skip''' 
73; sentient ball lightning; Ball lightning reportedly takes the form of a short-lived, glowing, floating object often the size and shape of a basketball, but it can also be golf ball sized or smaller. It is sometimes associated with thunderstorms, but unlike lightning flashes arcing between two points, which last a small fraction of a second, ball lightning reportedly lasts many seconds. There have been some reports of production of a similar phenomenon in the laboratory, but some still disagree on whether it is a real phenomenon; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_lightning Wikipedia entry]

'''sky-dogs''' 
14; canines who rode in the airships

'''Sleepcoat, Professor''' 
940; piano-playing colleague of Ratty McHugh

'''Sloane laboratory''' 
29;

'''Sloper, Phoebe''' 
486; childhood friend of Tace Boilster's;

'''''Slow and the Stupified, The''''' 
611;

'''"Smegmo"''' 
407; "an artificial substitute for everything in the edible-fat category, including margarine"

<div id="smell"></div>'''Smell''' 
6; 70; Chums "guided only by their sense of smell," 115; "a ''scent'', a sea-smell of deep decay and reproduction," 127; "scentless snow walls," 142; 144; 297; 382; 388; "a strong polyaromatic gust, exhaled from the lungs of Depravity herself," 399; "'Gotta use ah snoot,'" "'till ah snoot tells us we're dere,'" 401; "odor of spilled . . . whiskey," 403; "the smell of excrement and dead tissue," 404; "Nasotemporal Transit," 408;

'''Smith, "Pixie" Coleman''' 
901; Pamela "Pixie" Coleman Smith was the designer who designed and executed the Tarot deck conceived by Arthur Edwart Waite

'''Smoked Haddock''' 
447; one of Gaspereaux's many "locals" in London

'''Smokefoot, I.J.&K.''' 
345; department store named for two members of the Rauchfuss clan who broke with the others and translated the name from German to English.

'''Smokestacks''' 
10; 243; cf., '''Towers of Silence'''

'''Snakes''' 
See [[#serpents|Serpents]], above.

'''Snazzbury, Dr.''' 
500; of Oxford University, "Snazzbury's Silent Frock";

'''Snidell, Bert''' 
75; former husband of Erlys; Dally's biological dad who died before she was born, 357;

'''Snidell sisters''' 
573;

'''Socialism''' 
32;

'''Sodality of Ǣtheronauts''' 
1030; Heartsease, Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian, who "found [their] way to this Ǣtherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience..."

'''Soltera, E. B.''' 
644; Dwayne's contact in Juarez Regeneration Equipment;

'''Somble, Strool & Fleshway''' 
34; Scarsdale Vibe's attorneys; 455;

'''South Seas Pavilion''' 
26; at the Chicago World's Fair

'''Spazzoletta''' 
669; Italian: small brush (as in a wire brush); 670;

'''Special Relativity''' 
797; The special theory of relativity was proposed in 1905 by Albert Einstein in his article "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies". Some three centuries earlier, Galileo's principle of relativity had stated that all uniform motion was relative, and that there was no absolute and well-defined state of rest; a person on the deck of a ship may be at rest in his opinion, but someone observing from the shore would say that he was moving. Einstein's theory combines Galilean relativity with the postulate that all observers will always measure the speed of light to be the same no matter what their state of uniform linear motion is; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity Wikipedia entry]

'''Spectral Theory''' 
603;

'''speed of sound''' 
770; shades of the V-2 rockets in [[http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Spengler, Dr.''' 
412;

'''Spielmacher, Herr''' 
615; International Manager - Bank of Prussia;

'''''Spirit of Bimetallism''''' 
895; statue Dally modeled for in New York

'''Spokeshave, "Doggo" 
906; acquaintance of Crouchmas; "doggo" is slang for "in hiding" or "out of sight" o-or "invisible"

'''Spongiatosta, Principessa''' 
582; semi-notorious aquaintance of H. Penhallow; Spongia Toasta ("roasted sponge") is a homeopathic remedy for goitre and other thyroid problems; 730-31; family arms, 731; 798; "regular associate" of Theign's, 867; [http://www.elixirs.com/spongia.cfm elixirs.com]

'''Spooninger, Bing''' 
419; "Mouthorganman Apprentice"

'''''Squalaccio, Il''''' 
855; Italian: the evil shark; Pino's and Rocco's submarine

'''Squanto and the Pilgrims''' 
416;

'''Squarciones, Francesco''' 
725; Italian painter; teacher of Mantegna. According to tradition he was a tailor and embroiderer who turned to painting c.1429 and established a school of painting in Padua. Only two signed works of his exist, ''Madonna with Child'' (Berlin) and an altarpiece in five sections (Padua). [http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/squarcione-francesco.jsp]

'''Ssagan 
785; "Buriat pronunciation of ''tsagan''"; "pure white" reindeer who speaks Buriat to Kit Traverse; In Burkhanism, a Russian religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region between 1904 and the 1930s, Ak-Burkhan ("White Burkhan) is a deity who is depicted as an old man with white hair, a white coat, and white headgear, who rides a white horse. Possibly analogous to the Mongolian "white old man," Tsagan Ebugen. The Buryat language (or Buriat) is a Mongolic language spoken by the Buryats of Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism]

'''Standard Oil''' 
101;

'''Stein, Aurel''' 
436;

'''Steve, aka Ramon''' 
638; in Mexico (recall Foppl's in ''V.'');

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
703; Military barracks area in Vienna; The Stiftskaserne tower was the most heavily-armed Vienna flak tower, mounting four twin 128mm guns.

'''Stinerite''' 
528;

'''Stockmen's Hotel''' 
31;

'''Stockyards''' 
See '''Shambles''', above.

'''Stockton, Bob''' 
368; his bar in Denver

'''''stranniki''''' 
663; wandering men in Russia; 745;

'''Strauss, Richard (1864-1949)''' 
498; German composer of the late Romantic era, particularly noted for his tone poems and operas. He was also a noted conductor; ''Salome'' opera, 626; Strauss Jr., 741; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Strauss Wikipedia entry]; [http://www.richardstrauss.at/html/index.html The Official Richard Strauss Website]

'''straw "skimmer"''' 
13; straw hat with a narrow brim, popular boating hat during the 1890's;

'''Stuffed Edge''' 
609; "remote and horrible town of..."; a perversely English pizza reference; [http://www.google.com/search?q=%22stuffed+edge%22+pizza Google search]

'''''Stupendica, S.S.''''' 
356; liner takes Zombini's to Europe; distinct versions of, 514; "latent identity as the battleship H.M.S. ''Emperor Maximilian''" 515; "Liner-to-Battleship Effect" 518; "Two-''Stupendica'' problem" 521;

'''Suárez, Pino''' 
994

'''sub-Clerkenwell trinket''' 
489;

'''Suckling, Darby''' 
3; the baby of the ''Inconvenience'' crew who serves "as both factotum and mascotte"; 109-110; as "Ship's Legal Officer," 398;

'''Sue, Marie Eugène (1804-1857)''' 
125; a ''roman-feuilleton'' by; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Sue M. Eugène Sue] was a French novelist, born in Paris. A ''feuilleton'' (a diminutive of French ''feuillet'', the leaf of a book) was originally a kind of supplement attached to the political portion of French newspapers. A ''roman-feuilleton'' is a serialized novel;

'''Sukhomlinoff, General''' 
780; intelligence officer on ''Bol'shaia Igra''

'''Svegli, Professore''' 
569; University of Pisa

'''Swedes''' 
441;

'''Swift, Tom''' 
794; Chums of Chances' "Brother"; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Swift Tom Swift] is the young protagonist in several series of juvenile adventure novels starting in the early twentieth century and continuing to the present. More exactly, each such series stars a young protagonist named Tom Swift who is a genius inventor and whose breakthroughs in technology (especially transport technology) drive the plots of the novels, thus placing them in a genre sometimes called "invention fiction" or "Edisonade". The Chums of Chance stories are titled like the Tom Swift novels, eg ''Tom Swift and His Motor Cycle; or, Fun and Adventure on the Road''; ''Tom Swift and His Motor Boat; or, The Rivals of Lake Carlopa''; ''Tom Swift and His Airship; or, The Stirring Cruise of the Red Cloud'';
''Tom Swift and His Submarine Boat; or, Under the Ocean for Sunken Treasure'' &c &c.

'''Swinburne''' 
535;

'''Swome, Lionel''' 
628; T.W.I.T. travel coordinator; 668; 720; 752;

[[image:spirit-of-ecstacy.jpg|thumb|150px|''Spirit of Ecstacy''|right]]'''Sykes, Charlie''' 
895; In May 1902, Montagu founded the weekly magazine Car Illustrated, which Charles Rolls was a contributor to. He also opened the new Rolls-Royce factory at Derby in 1908 and owned a Silver Ghost. It was for this car that Montagu commissioned a one-off mascot from artist Charles Robinson Sykes. The model was Eleanor Velasco Thornton, a vivacious beauty, and the figure was called ''The Whisper'' - the woman has her fingers to her lips as if to tell the onlooker to help her keep a secret.

Such was the popularity of the mascot fad that people were attaching all kinds of things to their cars: golliwogs, toy policemen, etc. Claude Johnson, now general managing director of Rolls-Royce Ltd and Eleanor’s old boss, decided to commission an official mascot for Rolls-Royce. This would ensure that the mascot was in keeping with the overall style and quality of the car. Charles Sykes was once again the man chosen to create it and ''The Spirit of Ecstasy'' bears many similarities to ''The Whisper''. Although initially offered as an optional extra from February 1911, in practice, the ''Spirit'' adorned almost all Rolls-Royce motor cars from that day onwards.

'''Symmetry''' 
537;

'''Symons, Arthur William (1865-1945)''' 
945; called Boulevard Knyaginya Mariya Luiza "the most horrible street in Europe"; a British poet and critic; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Symons Wikipedia entry]

'''syntonic wireless''' 
951; to communicate with the dead

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

ATD cover analysis

2007-01-25T09:50:09Z

Torerye: Revised translation of seal

[[Image:ATD_oldcover.jpg|thumb|An earlier version of the cover. ANYONE GOT A BIGGER COPY OF THIS?|right]]
[[Image:ATD_finalcover.jpg|150px|thumb|''Against the Day'' Final cover - design by Michael Ian Kaye|right]]

The final cover of ''Against the Day'' is pretty minimalist, depicting an aged, slightly yellowing book or manuscript in reference to the novel's setting, 1893 through World War I, and the book's mock-recreation of prose from that era.

We also know that an earlier version of the cover was circulated in promotional material before the novel's release. Note that in the earlier cover, the mysterious red seal looks slightly different, with the writing continuing in an unbroken circle. The slight changes indicate that Pynchon was probably involved in the design process, as he was with ''Mason & Dixon'' (where the ampersand was changed at his request), and the cover is thus fair game in any textual analysis.

The book cover is designed by Michael Ian Kaye, who also designed the cover for the current paperback edition of ''Slow Learner''. This could indicate that Pynchon likes Kaye's previous work.

The generally white color of the cover ties in with the light/dark metaphor that Pynchon weaves into the novel. Perhaps the cover is also largely bare so that the "reader can decide," as Pynchon writes in the book's [[Against_the_Day_description|description]], with minimal outside interference from anything but the text itself.

The writing on the cover seems to cast shadows behind it. The shadows are likely meant to simulate the double refraction one experiences when looking through a piece of Iceland Spar, but on closer inspection the writing is not doubled, but tripled, and the typefaces are different. The upper layer is a modern sans-serif font, the middle layer is an older serif font, and the bottom layer is once again a modern sans-serif font. This may indicate that the novel straddles the period where the world moved from the 19th century into the modern age. It also may represent the book in parallel universes seen through the spar.

If we assume that the "grey" title and author's name are indeed shadows then it would seem that the shadows are cast from more than one light source - and it may be from more than two light sources too as not all the letters appear to be shifted to the same degree and direction in the "shadows". Again this may be taken as representing that the book should be viewed from - or in fact is presented as from - several different perspectives as to time, place, political position etc.

Of course it should also be borne in mind that if the grey titles and author's name were shadows, there would only be one typeface, so perhaps this is all going up the wrong path! Maybe it is merely overprinting, and the version of the book we have is the third draft of the novel, and the different typefaces somehow reflect something about the imperatives or forces behind the re-drafting.

The mysterious red seal on the cover is Tibetan, and the image in the center of the seal is a Tibetan Snow Lion in front of three mountain peaks. The Snow Lion is a mythical creature which also appears in Tibet's flag.

[[image:ATD_stamp.gif|left]]The text in the seal is written in the Tibetan language and it says: Bod gzhung tschong don gcod (pronounced: Bö sjung tsong dön tjö), which means: Trade Representative of the Tibetan Government.

A slightly different translation is provided by somebody who posts regularly to Pynchon-l under the name "Ya Sam", who reports that :

I contacted the Tibetan Cultural Centre with the request to translate
the mysterious legend on the AtD seal. They were kind enough to forward my
request to the Tibetan tranlsator Tenzin Namgyal to whose generosity we
owe the solution of one more ATD related mystery.

It is the Tibetan language, alright, and it means ...... Tibetan
Government Chamber of Commerce.

Read their response below:

:Dear Ya Sam, 
:I showed the seal you sent to our Tibetan translator, Tenzin Namgyal. He says the word to word translation is: Tibetan Government Commerce Chamber in other words: Tibetan Government Chamber of commerce. Why Pynchon has chosen to place this on the cover of his book is anyones guess. Reading the book reviews gave no insight into the reason. Perhaps after one has read it?

:Best wishes,

:Sandy Belth 
:Tibetan Cultural Center

'''Two Covers'''

Additionally, the front and back covers and spine depict a "picture" of the book, ''Against the Day'' (note how the seal is broken, and the cover depicted contains fine details such as edge-rubbing and even small tears to the dust jacket at lower front edge).

This is another instance of a doubling/layering of the real and unreal, the actual and represented worlds, the past and the present. But notably, also, the cover is similar to the postcard Veikko receives from his sister in Finland (p. 84), upon which both the stamps and postmarks are "not real . . . pictures of postmarks" (which had been invalidated by the Russians). Webb calls it a ''Minneskort,'' "a postcard with a picture of what a postcard used to look like . . . ." "Memory card," Veikko clarifies, "a memory of a memory."

In yet another instance of the doubling motif, the first edition of ''Against the Day'' was issued with two different bindings beneath the dustjacket: One variant has a light green back over khaki boards, and the other variant has a red back over cream-colored boards. At this point, it still isn't clear whether this variation in the bindings is a simple matter of the availability of binding material, or whether it - like the complex dust jacket - ties into themes in the book.

ATD 119-148

2007-01-19T10:09:34Z

Torerye:

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 121==

'''flying bridge''' 
On an ordinary aquatic ship, the flying bridge is an open deck atop the pilothouse for navigating in good weather. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_bridge [Wikipedia]]

'''"Ray-rush"''' 
Cf contemporary telecom bandwidth auctions. "Ray-rush" as "Gold-rush"

==Page 122==

'''dazzle-painting''' 
A camouflage painting technique used on WWI ships.[http://www.gotouring.com/razzledazzle/articles/dazzle.html].

'''intelligence centers on the surface such as the Inter-Group Laboratory for Opticomagnetic Observation (I.G.L.O.O.), a radiational clearing-house in Northern Alaska''' 
Perhaps a reference to the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) site in Gakonka, AK, which is ostensibly engaged in ionospheric research [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haarp (Wikipedia entry)]. Also suggestive of the ECHELON network [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECHELON (Wikipedia entry)], comprising a number of signals intelligence sites, which are capable of intercepting a wide variety of communications signals throughout the world. Also, Pynchon often creates humorous or fanciful acronyms: W.A.S.T.E. (''The Crying of Lot 49''), A.C.H.T.U.N.G. (''Gravity's Rainbow''), etc.

'''Lloyd's of the high spectrum [...] the next fateful Lutine announcement.''' The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutine HMS Lutine] (Lutine translates as "the tease") was a ship commissioned in the French Royal Navy which was later given to the English Royal Navy during the Revolution. In 1799 she sank in the North Sea while blockading Holland; her hold was full of gold. Lloyd's of London, an independent insurance market still known for being willing to assume large insurance risks for the right price, had insured the gold, and paid the claim in full, acquiring nominal ownership of the still-unsalvaged cargo. The ship's bell was recovered in the mid-19th century and hangs to this day in the Underwriting Room at Lloyd's. For many years the the Lutine Bell was struck to announce news of an overdue ship: once if lost, twice if reported safe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd's_of_London#Miscellaneous [Wikipedia]]

'''last eclipse''' 
Possibly Pike's Peak, 1878? [http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEhistory/SEhistory.html (partial table)]

==Page 123==

'''lookout telegraph''' 
Instead of attaching Pugnax's tail directly to a hammer that hits the gong, the gong is struck remotely via a telegraph line.

'''Igor Padzhitnoff''' 
The whole passage that introduces the rival airship captain is a play on Tetris. Igor's surname is similar to that of the creator of Tetris, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexey_Pazhitnov Alexey Pazhitnov]. Also, the captain himself serves "a program of mischief", flies a ship called "The Great Game" and drops "bricks and masonry, always in the four-block fragments which had become his "signature," to fall on and damage targets designated by his superiors."

The term 'Great Game' also refers to the intense geopolitical rivalry between the English and Russian empires over control of Central Asia during the whole of the 19th century [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Game Wikipedia]. The period of this Great Game is thought to have ended in 1907, about the time of the book. The constant appearance of the Russians wherever the Chums go would appear to play on both this and on the coming Cold War conflict. The equation of all of these with Tetris suggests a common theme in all three 'non-violent' conflicts.

'''''Ice Pirates''''' 
This turn of phrase echoes the spoof [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087451/ movie] of camraderie and dangerous "space herpes" that was released in 1984. There's no textual evidence that Pynchon means to refer to the movie, but the satirical humor and outlandish situations presented in the film might be attractive to someone with his sensibilities.

'''Tovarishchi Slutchainyi''' 
Tovarishchi translates as comrades; the literal translation of "Slutchainyi" is "accidental", leading to one possible reading of the phrase being: Chums of Chance. 
The phrase "Tovarishchi Slutchainyi" could also mean someone who is friends, but not intentionally, ie: perhaps people who are conscripted into a situation where they are forced to be communal. (Thanks to Anna Zaytseva for the idiomatic help!) 
A third reading is introduced when the homophonic correspondence between the final two syllables of Slutchainyi and Vice-President Cheney's name is noted.

'''nasal dislocation''' 
'Nose out of joint' = offended, feelings hurt.

==Page 124==

'''Na sobrat' ya po nebo!''' 
Randolph says "На собратья по небо."
What I believe he means to say is
"Наши собратья по небу" or Nashi sobrat'ya po nebu, meaning "Our brothers/comrades of the sky" -- perhaps a ritual greeting between the two groups.
It is unlikely that Pynchon would make a mistake (the Russian in GR is correct) but Randolph might err.

==Page 125==
'''a ''roman-feuilleton'' by M. Eugène Sue''' 
A ''roman-feuilleton'' or serial novel. M. Eugène Sue was a French novelist roughly contemporary to Dumas père, with whom he has been compared. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugène_Sue Wikipedia entry on M. Eugène Sue] Sue's most famous, which used to be a Modern Library title, is
The Wandering Jew.

'''red as a cursed ruby representing a third eye in the brow of some idol of the incomprehensible''' 
Seems too random to not be a reference to something...Very possibly; under the name T.Lopsang Rampa an Englishman published a thoroughly discredited spiritual autobiography called The Third Eye. The Third Eye, by Englishman Cyril Hoskin, a fantastic (and popular) tale of Tibetan spirit possession published in 1956; included telepathy and more.

In the 1940 version of "The Thief of Bagdad" the boy thief Abu (played by Sabu) must steal a magical "all-seeing eye" (ruby?) from the brow of a massive golden idol in a remote temple, in order to see - as in a crystal ball - the location of the Princess held in thrall by the evil vizier Jaffar.

'''Isafjörðr''' 
Town in the Westfjords of Iceland. Often spelled as Isafjörður, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ísafjörður Wikipedia]

'''The "extra man" of Arctic myth''' 

In his footnotes to "The Waste Land", T.S. Eliot glosses the lines:

''Who is the third who walks always beside you?'' 
''When I count, there are only you and I together'' 
''But when I look ahead up the white road'' 
''There is always another one walking beside you'' 

with:

"The following lines were stimulated by the account of one of the Antarctic expeditions (I forget which, but I think one of Shackleton's): it was related that the party of explorers, at the extremity of their strength, had the constant delusion that there was one more member than could actually be counted." [http://www.infoplease.com/t/lit/wasteland/thunder.html]

See also [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/shackletonexped/dispatches/19991110.html NOVA Online: Shackleton's Antarctic Odyssey]
"Shackleton, for his part, attributed their astonishing success to something else: 'I know that during that long and racking march of 36 hours over the unnamed mountains and glaciers of South Georgia, it seemed to me often that we were four, not three.' Worsley and Crean, uncannily, felt the same. When T. S. Eliot read Shackleton's account, he was inspired to write the passage at the head of this dispatch."

'''the true face''' 
Possible variant on Taoism's "The Tao that can be spoken of is not the true Tao" [http://catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/T/the-X-that-can-be-Y-is-not-the-true-X.html [cf]]

'''bonzoline''' 
Ivory substitute made from celluloid, used for billiard balls. [http://www.oedilf.com/db/Lim.php?Word=bonzoline [cite]]

==Page 126==
'''inukshuk''' 
An inukshuk is a stone landmark used as a milestone or directional marker by the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic. The Arctic Circle, dominated by permafrost, has few natural landmarks and thus the inuksuk was central to navigation across the barren tundra. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inukshuk Wikipedia entry on Inukshuk]

'''a truth beyond the secular''' 
Pynchon's use of the word "secular" is unusual. He previously had the Chums striving "to minimize contamination of the secular" on [[ATD_97-118#Page_113|page 113]], and here the Chums try to glimpse "some expression of a truth beyond the secular." Neither of these statements makes much sense with the normal definitions in use today for "secular"-- what could this mean?
: I think it is likely that secular means quotidian, "of the day", visible
as opposed to the invisible and mysterious which pervades ATD.

'''Étienne-Louis Malus''' 
See [[ATD_97-118#Page_114|page 114]].

'''They passed around rumors--the Captain was insane again, ice-pirates were hunting the ''Malus'' like whalers...''' 
This phrase seems evocative of ''Moby Dick'', not only in the intimation that the Captain might be insane and the rumors that might result, but also with the explicit references to "whalers" in the subsequent clause, "the subtle insanity of Ahab." ''Moby Dick'' of course contains many scenes when two whaling ships come together to exchange messages. Chapter 131, "The Pequod Meets the Delight," features particularly sinister omens. It is safe to say, however, that none of the captains who meets Ahab quite resembles Padzhitnoff or has a "signature" resembling the game of Tetris! Pynchon once again lightly tweaks the "line" linking his body of work to Melville's. ([[ATD_57-80#Page_73|page 73]])

==Page 127==

'''Constance Penhallow''' 
Hallow: to set apart as holy, to honor greatly. Her name then pairs the virtue of constancy with honoring the pen. Note also that her grandson, mentioned a few lines below, is named Hunter and is an artist--In the hunt for the consecrated pen.

Alternatively, the prefix ''pen-'' is Gaelic for ''head, principal,'' or ''chief,'' in which case the name would mean "Holiest." It is also Latin for ''nearly, almost'' (as in "penultimate" or "peninsula"), rendering the name "nearly holy." Given the Nordic origin of the Penhallow family, and the Germanic etymology of "hallow," the Gaelic prefix may be more likely. On the other hand, the Latinate prefix suggests the state of preterition -- not quite holy and perhaps not saved...

'''Harald the Ruthless''' 
Harald III Sigurdsson (1015 – September 25, 1066), later surnamed Harald Hardråde (meaning ruthless) was the king of Norway from 1047 until 1066. Harald was the last great Viking king of Norway and his invasion of England and death at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066 proved a true watershed moment. It marked the end of the Viking age. In Norway, Harald's death also marked the beginning of the Christian era. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_III_of_Norway Wikipedia entry on Harald the Ruthless]

'''Ginnungagap''' 
In Norse mythology, Ginnungagap ("seeming emptiness" or "gaping gap") was a vast chasm that existed before the ordering of the world. To the north of Ginnungagap lay the intense cold of Niflheim, to the south the insufferable heat of Muspelheim. At the beginning of time, the two met in the Ginnungagap; and where the heat met the frost, the frost drops melted and formed the substance eitr, which quickened into life in the form of the giant Ymir, the father of all Frost giants. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginnungagap Wikipedia entry on Ginnungagap]

==Page 128==

'''Bay of Röerford''' 
Does not seem to exist, at least with this spelling.

'''Hunter Penhallow''' 
See above, Constance Penhallow.

'''lower-eighties''' 
Latitudes from 80N to 85N (mainly Ellesmere Island). [http://www.athropolis.com/map2.htm [map]]

==Page 129==

'''Meat Olaf''' 
Anagram.
:As a lesson on the dangers of over-interpretation: I asked a Norwegian friend whether this is truly a Norwegian dish, to which he replied "no," making me feel stupid. [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]]

'''''¡Cuidado Cabrón! Salsa Explosiva La Original''''' 
Cabrón is an offensive word in Spanish meaning a guy who is an asshole/dick/cuckold, but friends can also call each other Cabrón in a joking manner. So, ''Watch-Out, Fucker! The Original Explosive Sauce''.
:There appears, in "''Explosiva La Original''," to be a suggestion of an originary explosion, i.e. the Big Bang.

==Page 130==

'''Tsangpo-Brahmaputra country''' 
The Yarlung Tsangpo/Brahmaputra river drains a large portion of the eastern Himalaya and southern Tibetan plateau as well as the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, one of the most tectonically active areas of the globe.

'''Candlebrow University''' 
A fictional institute, created in the tradition of Lovecraft's Miskatonic University.

<div id="quaternions"></div>'''Quaternions''' 
In mathematics, quaternions are a non-commutative extension of complex numbers. They were first described by the Irish mathematician [[ATD-H#hamilton|Sir William Rowan Hamilton]] in 1843 and applied to mechanics in three-dimensional space. At first, quaternions were regarded as pathological, because they disobeyed the commutative law ab = ba. Although they have been superseded in most applications by vectors, they still find uses in both theoretical and applied mathematics, in particular for calculations involving three-dimensional rotations. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternion Wikipedia entry].

'''Fleetwood Vibe''' 
Fleetwood, like Scarsdale, is a wealthy suburb of New York City. Both communities are located in Westchester County, north of New York City.

'''bucket-shop''' 
Business designed to cheat people. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket_shop [Wikipedia]]

'''Flannelette''' 
Little washcloth.

'''Harriman... Schiff''' 
Railroad magnate and financier behind Northern Pacific Railroad, c1901. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Railroad [Wikipedia]] [http://www.beardbooks.com/beardbooks/eh_harriman.html Book on Harriman] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._H._Harriman Harriman Wikpedia Entry] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Schiff Schiff Wikipedia Entry]

==Page 131==

'''"with oceangoing ships we left flat surfaces and went into Riemann space"''' 
One of Riemann's major contributions was the mathematics of manifolds, geometrical constructs that on a local scale appear to have fewer dimensions than they actually occupy. A standard example is the surface of the earth, which locally appears to be flat (2-dimensional), but in fact is curved (3-dimensional). Riemann's differential geometry quantifies the distortion produced by the curve of the surface.

'''Outer Hebrides''' 
or Western Isles comprise an island chain off the west coast of Scotland. The population today is only 26,370, and there is no University.

==Page 133==

'''Ynglingasaga''' 
See also Ynglinga Saga, or the story of the ancient Norse kings. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynglinga_saga Wikipedia entry]

'''"''The Book of Iceland Spar'', commonly described as "like the ''Ynglingasaga'' only different" "''' 
" 'Thanatoid' means 'like death, only different.' " (''Vineland'', p. 170)

'''... even of days not yet transpired.''' 
Reminiscent of the Borges short story "The Library of Babel" about an "infinite library" which contains every possible book. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_babel Wikipedia entry]

==Page 134==

'''that all-important ninety-degree twist to their light, so they can exist alongside our own world but not be seen''' 
Seems to echo Merle Rideout's theory on the "double refraction" of Blinky Morgan and Ed Morley from p.62.

'''visitors from elsewhere, of non-human aspect''' 
Extraterrestrials, perhaps? "Visitors", in popular culture, is a term sometimes used to describe ETs. The alien race from the television miniseries ''V'' was named The Visitors. In the fictional world of ''South Park'', aliens are referred to as "visitors".

'''infinitesimal circle''' 
Cf p58. Reference to epsilon neighbourhoods, an essential tool in mathematical proofs.

'''bad ice''' 
Uneven ice formed by pressure, currents and wind in the dynamic Arctic environment

'''the sea-green, the ice-green, glass-green sea.''' 
In ''Ulysses'', James Joyce repeatedly describes the "snotgreen sea" (cf. Gabler edition, p. 4), itself an allusion to Homer's evocation of the "wine-dark sea". Cf., also, ATD, p.127: " . . . a green headland, sheer green walls of ice, the greenness nearest the water . . . . " In previous novels, Pynchon's use of color is almost always advised, as N.K. Hayles and M.B. Eiser note in their essay, "Coloring Gravity's Rainbow," in which green is frequently associated with the natural world, uncontaminated by humanity.

==Page 135==

'''Mush-It-Away''' 
Takeaway (takeout fast food) for dogsledders.

==Page 136==

'''Venice of the Arctic''' 
Many cities have been compared with Venice in Italy, usually due to a high density of waterways (especially inner city canals) and/or maritime trade connections. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_city_nicknames#.27Venice_of_....27 Wikipedia entry on Venice of the X comparisons]

The Venice passage contains two themes that have appeared often in ''Against the Day'' so far: that of doubles (such as Foley Walker and Scarsdale Vibe, Randolph and his Russian counterpart, etc) and that of chance or randomness (the Chums, the meeting of Vibe and Walker, etc).

Also the double versions of the map of Asia, double versions of elements that can be seen when they are viewed with Iceland Spar.

And Pynchon seems to love Venice, a very positive place in one short story

'''Bauer-Grünewald''' 
Famous hotel in Venice.

'''kedgework''' 
A set of pilings used to move a ship by hauling on its mooring or anchoring lines.

==Page 138==

In the period of ATD, museums around the world sought spectacular meteorites, e.g. the Cape York meteorite recovered by Arctic explorer Robert Peary.
[http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/meteorites/what/capeyork.php]

'''Nesselrode pudding''' 
From ''The Penguin Book of Food and Drink'', ed. Paul Levy: 
"An iced pudding flavoured with chestnuts and dried fruit was invented by Monsieur Mony, chef for many years to the Russian diplomat, Count Nesselrode, in Paris [...] Glacé fruit and peel were a further embellishment to the Nesselrode by the time Proust was old enough to notice such things.

==Page 139==
'''Dr. Counterfly... bearded''' 
Last seen as a boy with low rank. Six years have elapsed, 1893-1899.

'''lenses proved to be...Nicol prisms''' 
A Nicol Prism is a device to produce polarized light. It is made from a crystal of calcite (Iceland spar), which is cut along a precisely determined plane and then cemented back together with Canada balsam. A picture can be found [http://web.grinnell.edu/physics/PMuseum/Nicol%20Prisms.html here], detailed diagrams of Nicol and other polarizing prisms are availabe [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/polpri.html here].

:Glasses like the ones described here are used for viewing 3-D movies.

'''''nunatak''''' 
A nunatak (plural: nunataks) is a mountain top that is not covered by land ice (see glaciation and ice age), and protrudes out of a surrounding glacier. The wildlife on a nunatak can be isolated by the glacier, just like an island is in the ocean. Nunataks are generally angular and jagged because of freeze-thaw weathering, and can be seen to contrast strongly with the softer contours of the glacially eroded land below if the glacier retreats. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunatak [Wikipedia]]

==Page 140==

'''a large brass speaking-trumpet''' 
Somewhat reminiscent of the ubiquitous W.A.S.T.E. symbolism in ''The Crying of Lot 49''.

[[image:Breguethands.jpg|thumb|Breguet hands|right]]'''Breguet-style arrowheads''' 
A distinctive fine watch of French design, usually with open circles ('moons') near the ends of the hands. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breguet_(watch) Wikipedia entry]

'''Poulsen's Telegraphone''' 
Invented in 1898, the first magnetic recording machine was patented by Valdemar Poulsen. The theory behind this machine was worked out theoretically by Oberlin Smith of the UK in 1888. Poulsen's machine recorded by passing a thin wire across an electromagnet. Each minute section of the wire would retain its electromagnetic charge, thus recording the sound. Sound could be both recorded and played back. Unfortunately, because the machine's output wasn't very loud and there was no way to amplify the signal, the Telegraphone was not much of a success. [http://www.wou.edu/las/creativearts/music/MUS%20206%20Text.pdf External link]

'''a human caul''' 
caul (Latin: Caput galeatum, literally, "head helmet") is a thin, filmy membrane, the remnants of the amniotic sac, that covers or partly covers the newborn mammal immediately after birth. It is also the membrane enclosing the paunch of mammals, particularly as in pork and mutton butchery. In butchery, the caul is used as offal. A third meaning refers to a type of women's headdress. The superstition attached to birth cauls has figured into numerous works of fiction, including ''David Copperfield,'' Stephen King's ''The Shining'' (wherein the child Danny Torrance, born with a caul, is possessed with the eponymous supernatural power), and Alan Moore's short graphic novel, ''The Birth Caul''.

==Page 141==

'''misfortunes of certain Egyptologists''' 
Possibly a reference to the curse supposed to be attendant on the tomb of Tutankhamen, and upon which the death of George Herbert, who financed the expedition, was blamed. The tomb was breached in Feb 1923, though, and that seems later than this episode, so it may just be a reference to general myth. [http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/curse.htm [history]]

'''odalisque of the snows''' 
An odalisque was a virgin female slave who tended to the harem of the Turkish sultan. Numerous paintings of the 19th century portrayed them as reclining beauties. The most famous of these is Ingres' ''La grande odalisque'' (1814):

[[Image:odalisque.jpg|300px|center]]

==Page 143==

'''Tungus''' 
Siberian language. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungusic_languages [Wikipedia]]

'''bilocation''' 
Doubtless to be an important concept in the novel, judging by the title of Part Three. Latin bis, twice, and locatio, place. Bilocation is as Pynchon explains, the ostensibly supernatural act of appearing or being in two or more locations simultaneously. Bilocation is claimed to have been experienced, and even practiced at will, by mystics, ecstatics, saints, monks, and magical adepts. Notably, Icelandic sagas also speak of warriors who were able to fall into a trance and appear thousands of miles away in battle. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilocation Wikipedia on bilocation] Is also obviously related to the physical properties of Iceland Spar.

'''Christian Time''' 
That is, linear time, a concept first introduced by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo St. Augustine of Hippo] (354-430), in his autobiographical [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/augustine/confessions/confessions.html ''Confessions'']. Augustine argued that the inevitability and singularity of Christ's return demanded that all history must be viewed as a linear progression toward the apocalypse and the ascendancy of Christ on Earth, after which time would effectively stop, an event described as the "End of Days." From this decidedly deterministic view of time, Augustine derived his doctrine of predestination, that is, of a world in which each soul, even as it is born, is already pre-defined as saved or unsaved. While the Catholic Church would eventually reject this doctrine, the protestant reformer and theologian John Calvin resurrected it, and it became an important part of Calvinist theology, notably as practiced by the Puritans.

'''large, otherwise nondescript dog, who had flown here with the airship crew''' 
Presumably Pugnax?

==Page 145==

[[image:Evangelion.jpg|right|175px|thumb|The apocalyptic giant of light unearthed in the Arctic in Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'''the man-shaped light shall not deliver you''' 
Reminiscent of the famous Japanese anime ''Neon Genesis Evangelion'' (1994-95), in which mankind unearths a mysterious creature from the Arctic ice that appears as a man-shaped giant of light, gets out of man's control and triggers an apocalypse. Probably not an intentional reference, but if Pynchon plays Tetris, who knows?

==Page 146==

'''lines''' 
The description of the single-file line at the train station basically describes current security conditions at American airports.
A single line (i.e. linear thinking) does not seem to be a 'positive' in the Pynchon world. (See too the slaughterhouse on page 10.)

'''Explorers' Club''' 
Apparently in South Africa (the famous NYC one wasn't founded until 1904).

'''Dr. Jim's little adventure''' 
A reference to the so-called "Jameson Raid" spearheaded by Dr. L. S. Jameson. The raid was intended to trigger an uprising among the British expatriate workers (the Uitlanders) in the Transvaal, but failed, and instead served to further destabilize the region and catalyze the Second Boer War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jameson_Raid Wikipedia entry] (From Wikipedia: “The Jameson Raid (December 29, 1895 - January 2, 1896) was a raid on Paul Kruger's Transvaal Republic carried out by Leander Starr Jameson and his Rhodesian and Bechuanaland policemen over the New Year weekend of 1895-96. It was intended to trigger an uprising by the primarily British expatriate workers (known as Uitlanders) in the Transvaal but failed to do so. The raid was ineffective and no uprising took place, but it did much to bring about the Second Boer War and the Second Matabele War.”)

'''"War any moment"''' 
The Second Boer War started in October 1899. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War [Wikipedia]]

'''the British poet-laureate’s commemorative verse''' 

Reference to Alfred Austin. From Wikipedia: “As poet-laureate, his topical verses did not escape negative criticism; a hasty poem written in praise of the Jameson Raid in 1896 being a notable instance.” [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Austin Wikipedia entry]

The questionable rhyme referred to is from that “hasty poem” --

::They went across the veldt,
::As hard as they could pelt.

==Page 147==

'''Borchardt''' 
[[image:borchardt.jpg|thumb|200px|Borchardt pistol|right]]1894 forerunner of Luger.

'''Nansen''' 
Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (1861-1930) was a Norwegian explorer, scientist and diplomat. Nansen was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922 for his work as a League of Nations High Commissioner. In 1893, he sailed to the Arctic in a ship which was deliberately allowed to drift north through the sea ice, a journey that took more than three years. During this first crossing of the Arctic Ocean the expedition became the first to discover the existence of a deep polar basin. When, after more than one year in the ice it became apparent that the ship would not reach the North Pole, Nansen continued north on foot and, in April 1895, reached 86° 14´ N, the highest latitude then attained. The two men were forced to spend the winter, surviving on walrus blubber and polar bear meat. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen Wikipedia entry on Nansen] Cf. p. 138.

==Page 148==

'''the American Corporation, for instance, in which even the Supreme Court has recognized legal personhood ''' 
Refers to Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company (1886), during which Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite announced: "The court does not wish to hear argument on the question whether the provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which forbids a State to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, applies to these corporations. We are all of the opinion that it does." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Clara_County_v._Southern_Pacific_Railroad Wikipedia entry] Corporations are routinely recognized as "persons" in the law nowadays. For more on the recognition of corporation as legal persons, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_personhood Wikipedia entry on corporate personhood]. A recent documentary film, ''The Corporation'' (2003), tried to make the case that if a corporation is a "person," it has the personality of a psychopath.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1-25

2007-01-15T10:00:02Z

Torerye: Removed faulty claim that "Now" is the last word in GR

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

'''cover text''' 
The shadow-text is in different fontfaces.

'''cover seal''' 
The seal appears to be written in Tibetan language, according to somebody who posts regularly to Pynchon-l under the name "Ya Sam", who reports:

I contacted the Tibetan Cultural Centre with the request to translate
the mysterious legend on the AtD seal. They were kind enough to forward my
request to the Tibetan tranlsator Tenzin Namgyal to whose generosity we
owe the solution of one more ATD related mystery.

It is the Tibetan language, alright, and it means ...... Tibetan
Government Chamber of Commerce.

Read their response below:

:Dear Ya Sam, 
:I showed the seal you sent to our Tibetan translator, Tenzin Namgyal. He says the word to word translation is: Tibetan Government Commerce Chamber in other words: Tibetan Government Chamber of commerce. Why Pynchon has chosen to place this on the cover of his book is anyones guess. Reading the book reviews gave no insight into the reason. Perhaps after one has read it?

:Best wishes,

:Sandy Belth 
:Tibetan Cultural Center

Also of interest: the coin bears a striking resemblance to the doubloon in ''Moby-Dick'' that Ahab nails to the mainmast as a prize to the first crew member to sight the white whale. Melville's description runs thus:

:It so chanced that the doubloon of the Pequod was a most wealthy example of these things. On its round border it bore the letters, REPUBLICA DEL ECUADOR: QUITO. So this bright coin came from a country planted in the middle of the world, and beneath the great equator, and named after it; and it had been cast midway up the Andes, in the unwaning clime that knows no autumn. Zoned by those letters you saw the likeness of three Andes' summits; from one a flame; a tower on another; on the third a crowing cock; while arching over all was a segment of the partitioned zodiac, the signs all marked with their usual cabalistics, and the keystone sun entering the equinoctial point at Libra. (Ch.99, "The Doubloon")

'''Copyright page''' 
The copyright page states that ''Against the Day'' is published by Viking Penguin, but on the title page and elsewhere we can read that the book is published by Penguin Press. The copyright pages of other books from Penguin Press state "Penguin Press" as the publisher, as could be expected, and it seems likely that the substitution of "Penguin Press" with "Viking" is one of many typographical errors in the book (see [[errata]]).
I have confirmed from inside Penguin Press that this is a copyediting mistake. Here is a direct e-mail answer about the Viking Penguin listing: "this was a copyediting mistake that will be corrected. There was never a Viking contract for this book."

'''Dedication''' 
Most of Pynchon's novels contain dedications-- ''Mason & Dixon'' ("For Melanie, and for Jackson") , ''Vineland'' ("For my mother and father"), and ''Gravity's Rainbow'' ("For Richard Fariña")-- but not so ''Against the Day,'' as published. Advance reading copies of the book did contain the words "Dedication TK" in italics, but this is simply [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Come publisher-speak] for "dedication to come." It is unknown whether Pynchon ever considered inclusion of a dedication or whether the publisher simply left the page open just in case, but the ultimate lack of a dedication may suggest that Pynchon feels he's thanked everyone he needs to thank.

'''"It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."''' 
Epigraph by Thelonious Monk. Jazz and particularly bebop seem to be a lifelong interest of Pynchon’s, appearing in some form in all his works and what biographical snippets exist. As a college student, Pynchon “spent a lot of time in jazz clubs, nursing the two-beer minimum,” by his own admission (''Slow Learner'', Introduction). The Chumps of Choice blog [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2006/12/that-thelonious-monk-epigraph.html notes] that: 1) in his youth, Pynchon allegedly referred to Monk as a "God"; 2) the character McClintick Sphere in ''V''. takes Monk's middle name, Sphere; and 3) "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light" was apparently something Monk was given to saying, rather than something he once said. For more on McClintick Sphere and Monk, see Charles Hollander's [http://www.howardm.net/tsmonk/pynchon.php essay].

==Page 1==

'''The Light Over the Ranges''' 
The singular 'range' seems called for-- so why plural here?
:Range is defined in the Oxford American Dictionary as "a line or series of mountains or hills : the coastal ranges of the northwest," so perhaps "range" or "ranges" can be used to denote a number of mountains.

:It seems likely that 'ranges' refers to farms, homesteads and ranches in 1893 America. America was predominantly that in 1893. Cf. "Home, home on the range".

==Page 3==

'''"Now single up all lines!"''' 
Docked ships normally use doubled lines, then remove them in two stages when leaving the port. Pynchon was in the Navy for a spell and "single up all lines" is a common enough nautical term: Ships are docked with lines doubled -- that is, with two sets of ropes or chains holding the vessel to the dock. To "single up all lines" is to remove the redundant second lines in preparation to make way.

But the opening line has many possible connotations.
:The Modern Word's Quail [http://www.themodernword.com/reviews/pynchon_atd.html writes] that "it is simultaneously a self-directive and a call to the reader; suggesting that ''Against the Day'' is a culmination of his previous work, and also charging the reader to find meaning within its twisting labyrinth. It may also be a sly, preemptive joke on the book’s initial critics, as the novel begins with the launch of a bloated gasbag bearing a somewhat provocative name."

:"Single up all lines" is used in its normal nautical context in ''V.'', 11; ''COL49'', 31; ''Gravity's Rainbow'', 489; and ''Mason & Dixon'', 258, 260. Perhaps we can understand this "line" as a text-string linking Pynchon's novels together (all but ''Vineland''?)--in preparation for a voyage to . . . .?

'''"Cheerly now...handsomely...very well!!"''' 
Cheerly means cheerily. Just as 'single up all lines' is used in nautical context in ''V.'', so 'cheerly' appears on page 54 of ''Mason & Dixon'' ("Cheerly. Cheerly, then, Lads..."). The Chumps of Choice blog [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2006/12/now-single-up-all-lines.html suggests] that Patrick O'Brian, who makes an appearance in ''Mason & Dixon'' as "the finest yarn-spinner in all the Fleets," may also be an inspiration for the nautical language here.

The first occurrence of 'cheerly' in The Oxford English Dictionary is from Shakespeare's "The Tempest", act one, scene one as the boatswain tries to encourage the crew in the face of the storm. This seems exceptionally appropriate to this novel...

Handsomely (in nautical context): carefully, in good order, unhurriedly.

'''"Windy City, here we come!"''' 
The nickname for Chicago, of course, but in 1893 the use meant city of braggarts more than it did wind. Of course, the Columbian Exposition to which the Chums are heading is, according to 'scuttlebutt', a fabled " White City"...and full of "wonders"--line 19---all bragged about, so to speak, by the City's leaders in winning the World's Fair in intense competition with other major cities.

'''''Inconvenience''''' 
Pynchon's fictional navy includes the USS Scaffold and the Susanna Squaducci (''V.''), and the John E. Badass (''GR''). Chumps of Choice blog [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2006/12/now-single-up-all-lines.html notes] that the British Royal Navy has a long tradition of warships with names like Impulsive, Incendiary, Inconstant, Indignant, etc. Impulsive is the name of the ship Ploy, who loses all his teeth in V., gets transferred to.
Inconvenience is an apt name for the Chums' adventures in 'reality'. They
are an inconvenience; they are inconvenienced. (In having to take on Chick Counterfly, for example).

Also, recall Fender-Belly Bodine, in [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=I#inconvenience ''Mason & Dixon'']:

:"Back on old H.M.S. ''Inconvenience'', we wasted many a Day and Night watching that fancy Counter get smaller by the minute..." (p.28)

'''patriotic bunting''' 
AtD has many echoes of Doctorow's "Ragtime": Doctorow fictionalises the same era, including anarchists, bombings, and early Hollywood.
The Chums are dressed in red-and-white striped blazer and sky blue trousers. Hello Columbus, America, everything suggests and says.

'''aeronautics''' 
Pynchon leaned on the Britannica 11th as a major reference. It's online and linkable: [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Aeronautics EB11-aeronautics]
:I know this may not be the best locale to sxplain why, for spoiler related issues, but what evidence do we have that Pynchon leaned heavily on the Britannica 11th?

'''five-lad crew''' 
Randolph St. Cosmo (ship commander), Lindsay Noseworth (master-at-arms), Miles Blundell (handyman apprentice), Darby Suckling (factotum and mascot), and Chick Counterfly. 'Lad' suggests all are under 18 years old.
: "Lad" can also mean a young man (not necessarily under 18) and, in general, be used by a commanding officer toward his underlings of many ages.
The commander's name evokes Randolph St., a main thoroughfare in the city they are bound for.
The commander's name also invokes Saint(liness)? And Cosmo = cosmos?

'''The Chums of Chance''' 
To be chummy with chance might mean lucky, fond of gambling, fond of chaos, irrational, or anarchist. Or maybe they became chums by accident.
A philosopher Pynchon seems to be familiar with, America's greatest, Charles Sanders Peirce, who set down his most important ideas in the late 1800's, and was still alive in 1893, argued that 'Chance' was a feature of the universe. Peirce's notion can still refute all determinisms, many think.

Cameraderie and isolation are two recurring topics in Pynchon's works. The Chums are a band of heroes like those commonly featured in the 19th century boys' fiction that Pynchon evokes, but also recall Pynchon's high school fictions, [http://themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_hamster.html Voice of the Hamster] and [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_boys.html The Boys], in which the teenage Pynchon lovingly portrayed his group of high school chums, known as, simply, "The Boys."

The names of the Chums may also be derived from famous Jazz musicians: Miles (Davis), Chick (Corea), Darby (Hicks), (Boots) Randolph, and (Vachel) Lindsay (a stretch here?), notes the [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2006/12/now-single-up-all-lines.html#c116587978292060684 Chums of Choice blog].

Note that there's five Chums, the number of chapters of the book.

'''Chicago''' 
Pynchon leaned on the Britannica 11th as a major reference. It's online and linkable: [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Chicago EB11-Chicago]

'''World's Columbian Exposition''' 
also called The Chicago World's Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' discovery of the New World. Chicago bested New York City, Washington, D.C. and St. Louis, Missouri, for the honor of hosting the fair. The fair had a profound effect on architecture, the arts, Chicago's self image and American industrial optimism. The International Exposition was held in a building which for the first time was devoted to electrical exhibits. It was a historical moment and the beginning of a revolution, as Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse introduced the public to electrical power by providing alternating current to illuminate the Exposition. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_Columbian_Exposition Wikipedia entry].
This World's Fair was enveloped in optimism for the future. "The thousand or more such wonders which awaited [the Chums] there." p.3

'''mascotte''' 
The English word 'mascot' has its origin in the late 19th cent.: from French mascotte. The spelling may also a tribute to the Dutch brand of rolling papers. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascotte_%28rolling_papers%29 [Wikipedia]]

==Page 4==

Randolph St. Cosmo is called Professor. Professor of flight as some early aeronauts were called?

==Page 5==

'''"all tableware with Chums of Chance Insignia is Organizational property"''' 
What Organization are they part of?
:I believe the organization in question is the Chums of Chance themselves, here considered as an institution rather than as a collection of individuals.

'''Pugnax''' 
The name meaning, in Latin, "likes to fight" (one who is pugnacious). Pugnax's fantastic intelligence recalls another intelligent Pynchon dog, the Learned English Dog in ''Mason & Dixon''. His manner of speech is somewhat reminiscent of the mystery-solving cartoon dog Scooby-Doo, and [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=0612&msg=112507&sort=date members of PYNCHON-L] have speculated that his eyebrows and reading habits allude to Gromit, from the [http://www.wallaceandgromit.com/ Wallace and Gromit] claymation films.

Pugnax is a "dog of war", the Chums of Chance have let him slip, or "rescued" him.

'''"...during a confidential assignment in Our Nation's Capitol (see ''The Chums of Chance and the Evil Halfwit'')..."''' 
This could be seen as a criticism of an American President, present or past. President Bush is a candidate, considering the Pynchon-authored [[Against the Day description|Amazon.com book description]] which included "With a worldwide disaster looming just a few years ahead, it is a time of unrestrained corporate greed, false religiosity, moronic fecklessness, and evil intent in high places. No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred."

The Chums "rescued Pugnax, then but a pup"--an innocent, a child creature--"from a furious encounter..between rival packs of the city's wild dogs".
The wild dogs equal both political parties?

Pugnax and the crew pee over the gondola. These "lavatorial assaults" from the sky,which no one can "begin to try to record, much less coordinate reports of" recall the V-2 rockets which
are linked to Slothrop's erections in ''Gravity's Rainbow''. That is, pee from the sky is "folklore, superstition, or perhaps...the religious" in ATD compared to rockets screaming across the sky and the destruction in GR.

==Page 6==

'''''Princess Casamassima''''' 
Published 1886 (James had published two others by 1893). [http://www.henryjames.org.uk/pcasa/home.htm etext] That Pugnax is reading this novel is no accident. It is one of only three major classics dealing with terrorists, anarchists, bombings of before the
late 20th Century. It is also the only Henry James novel in which he takes on such overtly political subjects, the only one which deals with violent extremes of human behavior. Pugnax prefers in his reading "sentimental tales about his own species [rather] than those exhibiting extremes of human behavior, which he appeared to find a bit lurid." As many who have had dogs know, often when raised from puppyhood
with loving owners, they 'think they are human'. Pugnax learns where to pee off the gondola - a pretty natural function for a dog - "like the rest of the crew".

Pynchon may be commenting here that Henry James did not 'get' terrorism despite his genius. That even Princess Casamassima is a "sentimental tale".

Or: it is a theme in GR, that the book, writing itself, is an abstraction from experience and not, of course, the thing itself. Noseworth, "who placed upon the word 'book' . . . contempt" did, however, know the subject matter of 'Princess Casamassima.' He, Noseworth, hopes they will "suffer no occasion for exposure more immediate than that to be experienced, as with Pugnax at this moment, safely within the leaves of some book." It matters that the Chums ARE also characters in books of their adventures.

The Chums have 'orders' to proceed to Chicago. From whom?

'''''Krakatoa''''' 
Erupted 1883. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krakatoa Wikipedia entry.]

'''Heino Vanderjuice of New Haven''' 
Scientist who designed the ''Inconvenience's'' hydrogen engine. "Vanderjuice" suggests both "wonder juice" and "wander juice," fitting since his engine allows the Chums to wander and is wondrous insofar as it apparently violates the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics second law of thermodynamics]. "Heino" (HIE-no) is a man's given name [http://www.behindthename.com/php/view.php?name=heino meaning 'home'] in German, Finnish, and Estonian. Maybe an allusion to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heino the German pop star of the same name].

'''". . . anemometer of the Robinson's type"''' 
Cup anemometer invented in 1846 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Thomas_Romney_Robinson Dr. John Thomas Romney Robinson]. Cup anemometers are still commonly used to measure wind speed because of their simplicity and reliability in a variety of environmental conditions. [http://www.arm.ac.uk/annrep/annrep2000/node13.html pic]

==Page 7==

'''Porfirio Diaz''' 
President of Mexico 1876-1880, 1884-1911. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz Wikipedia]

'''"beside a black-water river of the Deep South". 
Blackwater River is in lower central Florida, pretty deep south; but there are numerous rivers in swampy areas that run black with organic matter.

'''"the Rebellion of thirty years previous"''' 
The Civil War was not called such during the time it was occurring; the South called it "the war between the states" to emphasize both their right to secede from the union and that this was a war between sovereign states; the North called it "the Rebellion of 1861" or, after termination of hostilities, "the Rebellion of 1861-1865," appellations that did not recognize the South's right to secede.

'''"one still not advisable to set upon one's page"''' 
The American Civil War, that "rebellion of thirty years previous," has not yet become a suitable subject for an adventure tale such as the Chums'.

'''absquatulated''' 
Means to move away quickly, usually to avoid capture. Apparently a mock-Latinate formation, "to go off and squat somewhere else."
[http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-abs1.htm A brief article] on the history and etymology of "absquatulate."

'''"Crackerjack!" exclaimed Chick.''' 
Cracker Jack, the food, was first sold at the Chicago Exhibition of 1893, though it did not bear its present name. As one word here, however, it is not the candy: "Crackerjack" entered English first as a noun referring to "a person or thing of marked excellence," then as an adjective. The foodstuff gained its present name, according to the [http://www.crackerjack.com/history.php official Cracker Jack website], in 1896. The OED lists the first written use of "crackerjack" as 1895, two years after the present scene. It is by no means impossible, however, that the term would have been current in the spoken language in 1893.

==Page 8==

'''"which directs us never to interfere with legal customs of any locality down at which we may happen to have touched"''' 
Like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_directive Prime Directive] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_trek ''Star Trek'']. The odd word order (this is Lindsay speaking) alludes to Winston Churchill's exasperated "This is the sort of carping criticism up with which I will not put."

'''Ku Klux Klan''' 
Reminiscent of the
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan Klan] encounter scenes in the Coen Brothers' ''O Brother, Where Art Thou''.

'''way better than a mile a minute''' 
The Chums' point of departure is unknown, but they arrived in Chicago after catching a southerly wind (pg 3), southerly meaning "wind blowing from the south." The Chums surpass 60 miles an hour here, but as their previous speed was unknown, it's difficult to know where they were leaving from. (New Orleans to Chicago is 834 miles, slightly less than 14 hours at 60 miles/hour, so a possibility.)

==Page 9==

'''"Do not imagine, that in coming aboard ''Inconvenience'' you have escaped into any realm of the counterfactual..."''' 
This may be Pynchon directly addressing the reader. Given that his [[Against_the_Day_description|book description]] proclaims the world of AtD as "what the world might be with a minor adjustment or two," this paragraph seems to indicate that Pynchon, like all great fantasy or sci-fi writers, does not intend to create a world where anything goes. Rather, he will create a world that differs from ours but then obey the rules and constraints he's already established.

'''"Going up is like going north."''' 
Air gets cooler as the ship ascends into higher altitudes, and therefore like travelling northward. This page also suggests some further mystery of the Chums may be revealed to Chick and the reader in time.

North is not a positive place in Pynchon's world. It is associated with anti-life---coldness as here---compared to the South, a place of light and warmth, such as the tropics. See GR.

But to go far enough north means heading south again, observes Chick Counterfly--is this one meaning of his name? Then one would be "approaching the surface of another planet, maybe?" asks Chick.

"Not exactly" [answers Randolph] "No. Another 'surface', but an earthly one"
"You'll see. In time, of course". Time is earthly?

'''"Another 'surface'"''' 
In ancient conics the cone is formed by taking a line through a point (the vertex) at a particular angle to a plane and then inscribing a circle on the plane. Two conic surfaces are made by the motion of this line, one below this point and one above. The three conic sections (hyperbola, parabola, and ellipse) are created by slicing the conic surface(s) at different angles.

==Page 10==

'''like the dark conjugate of some daylit fiction they had flown here . . . to help promote'''. 
The World's Columbian Exposition is a "daylit fiction"?
The 400th birthday celebration of America is a "daylit fiction"? The White City is such?

'''Cartesian grid''' From Rene Descartes,17th century philosopher and mathematician; see Wikipedia entry, whose most famous argument, "I think therefore I am" and mathematical studies have often lead him to be seen as the first modern philosopher of ultra-rationality. Geometry has 'the Cartesian coordinant system, a grid. Chicago's streets are laid out in a very rational grid arrangement.

In modern mathematics, curves are described only in relation to the two dimensional grid (see previous page). If conic sections are not specifically being thought of here, the theme of dimensionality, at least, is already at play.

'''that unshaped freedom being rationalized into movement only in straight lines''' 
Rationalization is a key sociological concept[from online Dictionary of Social Science]:RATIONALIZATION
This term has two specific meanings in sociology. (1) The concept was developed by German sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920) who used it in two ways. First, it was the process through which magical, supernatural and religious ideas lose cultural importance in a society and ideas based on science and practical calculation become dominant. For example, in modern societies science has rationalized our understanding of weather patterns. Science explains weather patterns as a result of interaction between physical elements like wind-speed and direction, air and water temperatures, humidity, etc. In some other cultures, weather is thought to express the pleasure or displeasure of gods, or spirits of ancestors. One explanation is rationalized and scientific, the other mysterious and magical. Rationalization also involves the development of forms of social organization devoted to the achievement of precise goals by efficient means. It is this type of rationalization that we see in the development of modern business corporations and of bureaucracy. These are organizations dedicated to the pursuit of defined goals by calculated, systematically administered means. (2) Within symbolic interactionism, rationalization is used more in the everyday sense of the word to refer to providing justifications or excuses for one's actions.

Very Pynchonian. "Single up all lines!"

'''"only in straight lines and at right angles and a progressive reduction of choices, until the final turn through the final gate that led to the killing-floor."''' 
From innocent bovines to ...the world? "Single up all lines"....

==Page 11==

'''plummet''' 
Bad physics here—closing the valve wouldn't slow the descent. Objects in a fluid medium like air float if their weight is less than the weight of the fluid they displace (hence why one fills a balloon with a light gas such as hydrogen or helium). Once the ''Inconvenience'' loses its buoyancy, it will continue to fall, unless its weight is reduced to what a lesser amount of hydrogen could support.
: Not necessarily-- ship's hydrogen producing apparatus would kick in and and slow and eventually stop their descent.

==Page 12==

'''Liverpool Kiss''' 
A head butt.

'''Herr Riemann''' 
Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard (1826-1866) (pronounced REE mahn or in IPA: ['ri:man]) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to analysis and differential geometry, some of them paving the way for the later development of general relativity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann Wikipedia entry].

'''"topological genius"''' 
Riemann's differential geometry goes beyond the Cartesian grid. See conic sections and dimensionality above, page 10.

==Page 13==

'''There was an "eager stampede" to the rail''' 
Why is eager stampede in quotation marks? The sentence reads fine without it. Does it seem to show ironic knowingness on the part of the narrator? If so, why and who is the
narrator?
: I suspect this is a stylistic device from the turn of the century light literature that Pynchon is emulating-- placing a novel term in quotation marks. [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]] 01:35, 23 December 2006 (PST)

:insightfully true, I suspect, but it still shows 'narratorial knowingness', yes?

: Cf. Flaubert's use of quotations in ''Madame Bovary'' to isolate what he deemed the contemptible argot of the bourgeoisie.

::Apparently not a cliche: [http://books.google.com//books?num=100&q=eager.stampede&as_brr=0 GoogleBooks]

'''"...among the brighter star-shapes of exploded ballast bags..."''' 
Recalls the opening line of ''Mason & Dixon'': "Snow-Balls have flown their Arcs, starr‘d the Sides of Outbuildings, as of Cousins..."

'''"...quite as if were some giant eyeball, perhaps that of Society itself, ever scrutinizing from above, in a spirit of constructive censure."''' 
This is strikingly reminiscent of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odilon_Redon Odilon Redon's] 1882 Lithograph ''L'Oeil, comme un ballon bizarre se dirige vers l'infini (The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity).'' [http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O%3ADE%3AI%3A2&page_number=4&template_id=1&sort_order=1 At MoMa's Online Collection]
Notice that society = censure, if constructive. Gamboling nude on a summer day was OK until the ''Inconvenience'', as eyeball, appeared.

:The Odilon Redon lithograph appears on the cover of my 1998 Vintage paperback edition of Ian McEwan's Enduring Love, whose first unforgettable chapter triggers the novel with a ballooning incident leaving the reader dangling over the edge of suspense and suspension.

==Page 14==

'''Jacob's-ladder''' 
Used here as "a marine ladder of rope or chain with wooden or iron rungs" (Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged) but is suggestive of Jacob's ladder in Genesis:

Genesis 28:12 And he [jacob] dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it. (King James version)

==Page 15==

'''ukulelist''' 
Ukuleles also appear in ''Gravity's Rainbow'', ''Vineland'', and ''Mason & Dixon''. According to Jules Siegel's article, "Who is Thomas Pynchon, and why did he take off with my wife?", Pynchon himself played the ukulele in college.

'''Beaufort Scale''' 
Developed 1805.

==Page 16==

'''Macassar oil''' 
Macassar oil is an oil used primarily by men in Victorian and Edwardian times to smooth their hair. It was advertised as containing oil from Macassar, which is the former name of Ujung Pandang, a district on the island of Celebes in Indonesia. Exotic hair oil was quite the rage in the first half of the 19th century, another popular hair pomade being made from bear fat! (This gave rise to the curious practice of placing stuffed bears outside English barber shops.) <ref>[http://takeourword.com/Issue050.html Take Our Word For It Website]</ref>; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macassar_oil Wikipedia entry]

==Page 17==

'''"as if it were something the stripling had only read about, in some boys' book of adventures...as if that page of their chronicles lay turned and done"''' 
The narrator makes us aware that Darby's adventures are as if/will be written down...the 'reality' of almost killing all of them is now just words on a page...as is this book, ATD?...Again a Pynchonian theme: no book is the reality.

'''"and the order 'About-face' had been uttered by some potent though invisible Commandant of Earthly Days, toward whom Darby, in amiable obedience, had turned again."''' 
Is this just a metaphor from the narrator to describe what it is like for Darby, or is it also self-referential to
all the adventures of the Chums?. Another Q: Is the Commandant of Earthly Days the invisible presence from whom the chums get their orders? Cf. earthly surface, p.9

'''cubeb''' 
The name for the berry and for the oil obtained from the unripe berry of the East Indian climbing shrub ''P. cubeba''. The dried fruits are sometimes used as a condiment or are ground and smoked in cigarette form as a catarrh remedy. The oil is used medicinally and also in soap manufacture. The masticated roots of kava, ''P. methysticum,'' widely grown in its native Pacific islands, are made into a beverage called kavakava, which contains soporific alkaloids. It is an integral part of religious and social life there. A preparation of kava for commerce, also called kavakava, is sold widely as an herbal remedy for anxiety and insomnia. -- From [http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/pepper The Free Dictionary] Also appears in ''Gravity's Rainbow,'' page 118.

'''"...goldurn Keeley Cure"''' 
A treatment for alcohol, nicotine and narcotic addiction involving injections of "bichloride" or "double chloride" of gold, and also known as the "gold cure". Named for Dr. Leslie E. Keeley, who opened the first of many Keeley Institutes in 1879.

==Page 18==

'''headgear''' 
Description vaguely reminiscent of "Madame Bovary". [http://robotwisdom.com/flaubert/bovary/bovary1.html [notes]]

'''eclipse green''' 
Apparently an actual shade. [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/DIO_DRO/DIRECT.html [cite]]

'''A.C.''' 
Athletic Club.

'''("Penny") Black''' 
The Penny Black was the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1840. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black [Wikipedia]]

'''Tzigane''' 
Meaning "gypsy". Also a piece by Ravel. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzigane_(Ravel) [Wikipedia]]

'''Egypt''' 
Little Egypt is the southern area of the state of Illinois in the United States of America. The region is and was sometimes called simply "Egypt," especially in the 19th century. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Egypt_(region) [Wikipedia]]

==Page 22==

'''Isandhlwana''' 
Isandlwana is an isolated hill in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. On January 22, 1879, it was the site of the Battle of Isandlwana, where over 20,000 Zulu warriors defeated a contingent of British soldiers in the first engagement of the Anglo-Zulu War. Almost the entire column of about 1,200 British soldiers was killed, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isandhlwana [Wikipedia]]

==Page 23==

'''Tarahumara''' 
Indian tribe of Northern New Mexico, in the Sierra Madres, known for cave-dwelling in the late 19th century. [[Tarahumare_Indians|About the Tarahumara]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarahumara [Wikipedia]]

==Page 24==

'''the curse of Scotland''' 
A term used in poker, bridge and various other card games for the nine of diamonds. Dates from 1710. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Curse_of_Scotland [Wikipedia]]

'''Cracker Jack''' 
First sold at the at the first Chicago World's Fair in 1893. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracker_Jack [Wikipedia]]

'''New Levee district''' 
Chicago's redlight district c1890. [http://www.ipsn.org/genesis.htm [cite]]

'''Epworth League''' 
A Methodist youth organization founded in 1889. [http://www.southernmethodistchurch.org/id48.htm [cite]]

==Page 25==

'''Haymarket bomb''' 
The Haymarket Riot on May 4, 1886, in Chicago may be the origin of international May Day observances and in popular literature inspired the caricature of "a bomb-throwing anarchist." The causes of the incident are still controversial, although deeply polarized attitudes separating the business class and the working class in late 19th century Chicago are generally acknowledged as having precipitated the tragedy and its aftermath. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_bombing Wikipedia entry].

'''duck soup''' 
Meaning "an easy task," but also the name of a Marx Bros. movie. Perhaps relevant, given the cameo by Groucho promised on the book sleeve.

==References==
<references/>

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

User talk:Godshawl

2006-12-18T10:03:50Z

Torerye:

p. 341, line 2: "Ah, when is it not." Obviously a question, should this stand as an erratum? [[User:Godshawl|Godshawl]] 11:52, 17 December 2006 (PST)
A question, but also a rhetorical question, so I'm not sure the ommission of a question mark here counts as a proper error. [[User:Torerye|Torerye]] 02:03, 18 December 2006 (PST)

Errata

2006-12-18T09:42:41Z

Torerye: Added two errors from copyright page

ATD cover analysis

2006-12-12T09:16:35Z

Torerye: Moved paragraphs around for a smoother read

[[Image:ATD_oldcover.jpg|thumb|An earlier version of the cover. ANYONE GOT A BIGGER COPY OF THIS?|right]]
[[Image:ATD_finalcover.jpg|150px|thumb|''Against the Day'' Final cover - design by Michael Ian Kaye|right]]

The final cover of ''Against the Day'' is pretty minimalist, depicting an aged, slightly yellowing book or manuscript in reference to the novel's setting, 1893 through World War I, and the book's mock-recreation of prose from that era.

We also know that an earlier version of the cover was circulated in promotional material before the novel's release. Note that in the earlier cover, the mysterious red seal looks slightly different, with the writing continuing in an unbroken circle.

The book cover is designed by Michael Ian Kaye, who also designed the cover for the current paperback edition of ''Slow Learner''. This could indicate that Pynchon likes Kaye's previous work.

The generally white color of the cover ties in with the light/dark metaphor that Pynchon weaves into the novel. Perhaps the cover is also largely bare so that the "reader can decide," as Pynchon writes in the book's [[Against_the_Day_description|description]], with minimal outside interference from anything but the text itself.

The writing on the cover seems to cast shadows behind it. The shadows are no doubt meant to simulate the double refraction one experiences when looking through a piece of Iceland Spar, but on closer inspection the writing is not doubled, but tripled, and the typefaces are different. The upper layer is a modern sans-serif font, the middle layer is an older serif font, and the bottom layer is once again a modern sans-serif font. This may indicate that the novel straddles the period where the world moved from the 19th century into the modern age. It also may represent the book in parallel universes seen through the spar.

If we assume that the "grey" title and author's name are indeed shadows then it would seem that the shadows are cast from more than one light source - and it may be from more than two light sources too as not all the letters appear to be shifted to the same degree and direction in the "shadows". Again this may be taken as representing that the book should be viewed from - or in fact is presented as from - several different perspectives as to time, place, political position etc.

Of course it should also be borne in mind that if the grey titles and author's name were shadows, there would only be one typeface, so perhaps this is all going up the wrong path! Maybe it is merely overprinting, and the version of the book we have is the third draft of the novel, and the different typefaces somehow reflect something about the imperatives or forces behind the re-drafting.

The mysterious red seal on the cover is Tibetan, and the image in the center of the seal is a Tibetan Snow Lion in front of three mountain peaks. The Snow Lion is a mythical creature which also appears in Tibet's flag.

What exactly the seal means is no doubt revealed in the book, but the slight changes indicate that Pynchon was probably involved in the design process, as he was with ''Mason & Dixon'' (where the ampersand was changed at his request), and the cover is thus fair game in any textual analysis.

[[image:ATD_stamp.gif|left]]The seal appears to be written in Tibetan language, according to somebody who posts regularly to Pynchon-l under the name "Ya Sam", who reports, at :

I contacted the Tibetan Cultural Centre with the request to translate
the mysterious legend on the AtD seal. They were kind enough to forward my
request to the Tibetan tranlsator Tenzin Namgyal to whose generosity we
owe the solution of one more ATD related mystery.

It is the Tibetan language, alright, and it means ...... Tibetan
Government Chamber of Commerce.

Read their response below:

:Dear Ya Sam, 
:I showed the seal you sent to our Tibetan translator, Tenzin Namgyal. He says the word to word translation is: Tibetan Government Commerce Chamber in other words: Tibetan Government Chamber of commerce. Why Pynchon has chosen to place this on the cover of his book is anyones guess. Reading the book reviews gave no insight into the reason. Perhaps after one has read it?

:Best wishes,

:Sandy Belth 
:Tibetan Cultural Center

'''Two Covers'''

Additionally, the front and back covers and spine depict a "picture" of the book, ''Against the Day'' (note how the seal is broken, and the cover depicted contains fine details such as edge-rubbing and even small tears to the dust jacket at lower front edge).

This is another instance of a doubling/layering of the real and unreal, the actual and represented worlds, the past and the present. But notably, also, the cover is similar to the postcard Veikko receives from his sister in Finland (p. 84), upon which both the stamps and postmarks are "not real . . . pictures of postmarks" (which had been invalidated by the Russians). Webb calls it a ''Minneskort,'' "a postcard with a picture of what a postcard used to look like . . . ." "Memory card," Veikko clarifies, "a memory of a memory."

In yet another instance of the doubling motif, the first edition of ''Against the Day'' was issued with two different bindings beneath the dustjacket: One variant has a light green back over khaki boards, and the other variant has a red back over cream-colored boards. At this point, it still isn't clear whether this variation in the bindings is a simple matter of the availability of binding material, or whether it - like the complex dust jacket - ties into themes in the book.

ATD cover analysis

2006-12-12T09:09:50Z

Torerye:

[[Image:ATD_oldcover.jpg|thumb|An earlier version of the cover. ANYONE GOT A BIGGER COPY OF THIS?|right]]
[[Image:ATD_finalcover.jpg|150px|thumb|''Against the Day'' Final cover - design by Michael Ian Kaye|right]]

The final cover of ''Against the Day'' is pretty minimalist, depicting an aged, slightly yellowing book or manuscript in reference to the novel's setting, 1893 through World War I, and the book's mock-recreation of prose from that era.

The writing on the cover seems to cast shadows behind it. The shadows are no doubt meant to simulate the double refraction one experiences when looking through a piece of Iceland Spar, but on closer inspection the writing is not doubled, but tripled, and the typefaces are different. The upper layer is a modern sans-serif font, the middle layer is an older serif font, and the bottom layer is once again a modern sans-serif font. This may indicate that the novel straddles the period where the world moved from the 19th century into the modern age. It also may represent the book in parallel universes seen through the spar.

If we assume that the "grey" title and author's name are indeed shadows then it would seem that the shadows are cast from more than one light source - and it may be from more than two light sources too as not all the letters appear to be shifted to the same degree and direction in the "shadows". Again this may be taken as representing that the book should be viewed from - or in fact is presented as from - several different perspectives as to time, place, political position etc.

Of course it should also be borne in mind that if the grey titles and author's name were shadows, there would only be one typeface, so perhaps this is all going up the wrong path! Maybe it is merely overprinting, and the version of the book we have is the third draft of the novel, and the different typefaces somehow reflect something about the imperatives or forces behind the re-drafting.

The mysterious red seal on the cover is Tibetan, and the image in the center of the seal is a Tibetan Snow Lion in front of three mountain peaks. The Snow Lion is a mythical creature which also appears in Tibet's flag.

The generally white color of the cover ties in with the light/dark metaphor that Pynchon weaves into the novel. Perhaps the cover is also largely bare so that the "reader can decide," as Pynchon writes in the book's [[Against_the_Day_description|description]], with minimal outside interference from anything but the text itself.

The book cover is designed by Michael Ian Kaye, who also designed the cover for the current paperback edition of ''Slow Learner''. This could indicate that Pynchon likes Kaye's previous work.

We also know that an earlier version of the cover was circulated in promotional material before the novel's release. Note that in the earlier cover, the mysterious red seal looks slightly different, with the writing continuing in an unbroken circle.

What exactly the seal means is no doubt revealed in the book, but the slight changes indicate that Pynchon was probably involved in the design process, as he was with ''Mason & Dixon'' (where the ampersand was changed at his request), and the cover is thus fair game in any textual analysis.

[[image:ATD_stamp.gif|left]]The seal appears to be written in Tibetan language, according to somebody who posts regularly to Pynchon-l under the name "Ya Sam", who reports, at :

I contacted the Tibetan Cultural Centre with the request to translate
the mysterious legend on the AtD seal. They were kind enough to forward my
request to the Tibetan tranlsator Tenzin Namgyal to whose generosity we
owe the solution of one more ATD related mystery.

It is the Tibetan language, alright, and it means ...... Tibetan
Government Chamber of Commerce.

Read their response below:

:Dear Ya Sam, 
:I showed the seal you sent to our Tibetan translator, Tenzin Namgyal. He says the word to word translation is: Tibetan Government Commerce Chamber in other words: Tibetan Government Chamber of commerce. Why Pynchon has chosen to place this on the cover of his book is anyones guess. Reading the book reviews gave no insight into the reason. Perhaps after one has read it?

:Best wishes,

:Sandy Belth 
:Tibetan Cultural Center

'''Two Covers'''

Additionally, the front and back covers and spine depict a "picture" of the book, ''Against the Day'' (note how the seal is broken, and the cover depicted contains fine details such as edge-rubbing and even small tears to the dust jacket at lower front edge).

This is another instance of a doubling/layering of the real and unreal, the actual and represented worlds, the past and the present. But notably, also, the cover is similar to the postcard Veikko receives from his sister in Finland (p. 84), upon which both the stamps and postmarks are "not real . . . pictures of postmarks" (which had been invalidated by the Russians). Webb calls it a ''Minneskort,'' "a postcard with a picture of what a postcard used to look like . . . ." "Memory card," Veikko clarifies, "a memory of a memory."

In yet another instance of the doubling motif, the first edition of ''Against the Day'' was issued with two different bindings beneath the dustjacket: One variant has a light green back over khaki boards, and the other variant has a red back over cream-colored boards. At this point, it still isn't clear whether this variation in the bindings is a simple matter of the availability of binding material, or whether it - like the complex dust jacket - ties into themes in the book.

ATD cover analysis

2006-12-11T19:51:24Z

Torerye: Two different bindings: red/green

[[Image:ATD_oldcover.jpg|thumb|An earlier version of the cover. ANYONE GOT A BIGGER COPY OF THIS?|right]]
[[Image:ATD_finalcover.jpg|150px|thumb|''Against the Day'' Final cover - design by Michael Ian Kaye|right]]

The final cover of ''Against the Day'' is pretty minimalist, depicting an aged, slightly yellowing book or manuscript in reference to the novel's setting, 1893 through World War I, and the book's mock-recreation of prose from that era.

The writing on the cover seems to cast shadows behind it. The shadows are no doubt meant to simulate the double refraction one experiences when looking through a piece of Iceland Spar, but on closer inspection the writing is not doubled, but tripled, and the typefaces are different. The upper layer is a modern sans-serif font, the middle layer is an older serif font, and the bottom layer is once again a modern sans-serif font. This may indicate that the novel straddles the period where the world moved from the 19th century into the modern age. It also may represent the book in parallel universes seen through the spar.

The mysterious red seal on the cover is Tibetan, and the image in the center of the seal is a Tibetan Snow Lion in front of three mountain peaks. The Snow Lion is a mythical creature which also appears in Tibet's flag.

The generally white color of the cover ties in with the light/dark metaphor that Pynchon weaves into the novel. Perhaps the cover is also largely bare so that the "reader can decide," as Pynchon writes in the book's [[Against_the_Day_description|description]], with minimal outside interference from anything but the text itself.

The book cover is designed by Michael Ian Kaye, who also designed the cover for the current paperback edition of ''Slow Learner''. This could indicate that Pynchon likes Kaye's previous work.

We also know that an earlier version of the cover was circulated in promotional material before the novel's release. Note that in the earlier cover, the mysterious red seal looks slightly different, with the writing continuing in an unbroken circle.

What exactly the seal means is no doubt revealed in the book, but the slight changes indicate that Pynchon was probably involved in the design process, as he was with ''Mason & Dixon'' (where the ampersand was changed at his request), and the cover is thus fair game in any textual analysis.

[[image:ATD_stamp.gif|left]]The seal appears to be written in Tibetan language, according to somebody who posts regularly to Pynchon-l under the name "Ya Sam", who reports, at :

I contacted the Tibetan Cultural Centre with the request to translate
the mysterious legend on the AtD seal. They were kind enough to forward my
request to the Tibetan tranlsator Tenzin Namgyal to whose generosity we
owe the solution of one more ATD related mystery.

It is the Tibetan language, alright, and it means ...... Tibetan
Government Chamber of Commerce.

Read their response below:

:Dear Ya Sam, 
:I showed the seal you sent to our Tibetan translator, Tenzin Namgyal. He says the word to word translation is: Tibetan Government Commerce Chamber in other words: Tibetan Government Chamber of commerce. Why Pynchon has chosen to place this on the cover of his book is anyones guess. Reading the book reviews gave no insight into the reason. Perhaps after one has read it?

:Best wishes,

:Sandy Belth 
:Tibetan Cultural Center

'''Two Covers'''

Additionally, the front and back covers and spine depict a "picture" of the book, ''Against the Day'' (note how the seal is broken, and the cover depicted contains fine details such as edge-rubbing and even small tears to the dust jacket at lower front edge).

This is another instance of a doubling/layering of the real and unreal, the actual and represented worlds, the past and the present. But notably, also, the cover is similar to the postcard Veikko receives from his sister in Finland (p. 84), upon which both the stamps and postmarks are "not real . . . pictures of postmarks" (which had been invalidated by the Russians). Webb calls it a ''Minneskort,'' "a postcard with a picture of what a postcard used to look like . . . ." "Memory card," Veikko clarifies, "a memory of a memory."

In yet another instance of the doubling motif, the first edition of ''Against the Day'' was issued with two different bindings beneath the dustjacket: One variant has a light green back over khaki boards, and the other variant has a red back over cream-colored boards. At this point, it still isn't clear whether this variation in the bindings is a simple matter of the availability of binding material, or whether it - like the complex dust jacket - ties into themes in the book.

I

2006-12-08T19:05:07Z

Torerye:

'''Iamblichus of Chalcis (ca 245 - ca 325)''' 
232; also known as Iamblichus Chalcidensis, was a Greek neoplatonist philosopher who determined the direction taken by later Neoplatonic philosophy, and perhaps western Paganism itself. He is perhaps best known for his compendium on Pythagorean philosophy; 620; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iamblichus_(philosopher) Wikipedia entry]

'''Iceland spar''' 
126; Iceland spar is a calcite, which gets its name from "chalix" the Greek word for lime, a most amazing and yet, most common mineral. It is one of the most common minerals on the face of the Earth, comprising about 4% by weight of the Earth's crust and is formed in many different geological environments. Iceland spar is basically clear cleaved fragments of completely colorless (ice-like) calcite, originally discovered and named after Eskifjord, Iceland where the calcite is found in basalt cavities. It best demonstrates the unique property of calcite called double refraction where, when a ray of light enters the crystal and due to calcite's unique optical properties, the ray is split into fast and slow beams. As these two beams exit the crystal they are bent into two different angles (known as angles of refraction) because the angle is affected by the speed of the beams. A person viewing into the crystal will see two images ... of everything; "The Book of..." 133; "paramorphoscopes of" 250; ''Schieferspath'', 305-06; Zombini's, 355; aka ''espato'' or ''espanto'', 375; double-refraction, 375; 387; 391; 437; 564; "expression in crystal form of Earth's velocity" 688; [http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/carbonat/calcite/calcite.htm From this website]. Note the text of the dust jacket of the book is split into three, not two overlapping images. A strategic mineral during WWII used for the sighting equipment of bombardiers and gunners. See[http://www.galleries.com/minerals/carbonat/calcite/calcite.htm this website.]

[[image:Tarot_Judgement.jpg|thumb|Judgement|right]]'''Icosadyad''' 
225; the "Company of Twenty-two," meaning the Major Arcana in the Tarot deck. "They are the ones most capable of damage"; Greek: Icosa- = 20; Dyad, according to the Pythagoreans, is the principle of "twoness" or "otherness" and, generally, is any two entities regarded as a unit; in the Tarot context, "icosadyad" would refer a doubling of Number XX of the Major Arcana of the Tarot deck, Judgement; 231; 496; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judgement_(Tarot_card) Wikipedia entry]

'''icosahedron''' 
565; polyhedron having 20 faces, but usually a regular icosahedron is implied, which has equilateral triangles as faces. [Etymology: 16th Century: from Greek eikosaedron, from eikosi twenty + -edron -hedron]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icosahedron Wikipedia entry]

'''Ictibus, The Phenominal Dr.''' 
344; "and His Safe-Deflector Hat"; ictibus is the ablative case for the Latin word "ictus" meaning a "blow" or "strike" - thus, away from a strike, appropriately

'''Idiom Neutral''' 
533; an international auxiliary language, published in 1902 by the International Academy of the Universal Language under the leadership of Waldemar Rosenberger, a St. Petersburg engineer; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom_Neutral Wikipedia entry]

'''I.G.L.O.O.''' 
122; Inter-Group Laboratory for Opticomagnetic Observation, a "radiational clearinghouse in Northern Alaska"

'''''Imbottigliata''''' 
28; Italian = bottled;

'''Imperium of Steam''' 
567; 680;

'''''Imum Coeli''''' 
406; In astrology, the ''Imum Coeli'' (Latin for "bottom of the sky"), IC, is the point in space where the ecliptic crosses the meridian in the north, exactly opposite the Midheaven. It is said to refer to our roots and also to the least conscious part of ourselves. It symbolizes foundations, beginnings in life, what may have been experienced through parental inheritance and homeland influences, need for security and relationships with the home and family life; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imum_Coeli Wikipedia entry]

<div id="inconvenience"></div>'''''Inconvenience, The''''' 
3; Chums of Chance's hydrogen skyship; in ''[[Mason & Dixon]]'' H.M.S. Inconvenience was a ship that [[Fender-Belly Bodine]] once sailed in.

'''Inner American Sea''' 
71;

'''Innocence''' 
87; 223; 235; ''corrupting youth'', 335; 362; 416; Chums of Chance, 418; 502; mathematicians, 540; "hunger for young bodies" 581; 674;

'''''Interdikt, das''''' 
690; 200-mile phosgene (poison gas) line

'''Interface''' 
53-54;

'''inukshuk''' 
126; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inukshuk Wikipedia entry]

'''Invisibility''' 
"a sacred condition" 43; desks, 39; hawk, 55; "intervals of" 61; "emerged from" 62; "the pale invisible" 64; of the wind, 75; detectives at Colorado mines, 92; duster, 94; "window into" for Kit Traverse, 99; "...distance" 106; Islands disappearing, 108; fireworks, 112; "imperceptable war" 122; extra man, 125; 127; invisible heckler, 133; Hidden People, 134; 135; 142; 144; 150; 153; 160; 163; Fleetwood, 164; home, 165; 176; Major Arcana, 223; 242; 245; 249; 252; 266; chili's, 289; 327; workers at I.J. & K. Smokefoot, 345-46; in New Orleans, 369; 522; Chums of Chance, 549; Invisiblism, 625; 627; cloak of invisibility, 716;
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibility Wikipedia entry]

'''Ipsow, Ray''' 
29; colleague of Professor Heino Vanderjuice of Yale University; in Latin, ''re ipso'' translates to "the thing itself."

'''Ironworkers Union''' 
43; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Bridge%2C_Structural%2C_Ornamental_and_Reinforcing_Iron_Workers Wikipedia entry]

'''Isafjoror''' 
125;

'''Isandhlwana''' 
22; "massacre of British troops at"; On January 22, 1879, Isandlwana was the site of the Battle of Isandlwana, where over 20,000 Zulu warriors defeated a contingent of British soldiers in the first engagement of the Anglo-Zulu War. Almost the entire column of about 1,200 British soldiers was killed, and the regimental colours were lost; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isandhlwana Wikipedia entry]

'''Isola degli Specchi, aka Isle of Mirrors''' 
244; island of mirror-makers in Venice, 569;

'''Italian Troubles''' 
369; in New Orleans

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

I

2006-12-08T19:03:44Z

Torerye:

'''Iamblichus of Chalcis (ca 245 - ca 325)''' 
232; also known as Iamblichus Chalcidensis, was a Greek neoplatonist philosopher who determined the direction taken by later Neoplatonic philosophy, and perhaps western Paganism itself. He is perhaps best known for his compendium on Pythagorean philosophy; 620; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iamblichus_(philosopher) Wikipedia entry]

'''Iceland spar''' 
126; Iceland spar is a calcite, which gets its name from "chalix" the Greek word for lime, a most amazing and yet, most common mineral. It is one of the most common minerals on the face of the Earth, comprising about 4% by weight of the Earth's crust and is formed in many different geological environments. Iceland spar is basically clear cleaved fragments of completely colorless (ice-like) calcite, originally discovered and named after Eskifjord, Iceland where the calcite is found in basalt cavities. It best demonstrates the unique property of calcite called double refraction where, when a ray of light enters the crystal and due to calcite's unique optical properties, the ray is split into fast and slow beams. As these two beams exit the crystal they are bent into two different angles (known as angles of refraction) because the angle is affected by the speed of the beams. A person viewing into the crystal will see two images ... of everything; "The Book of..." 133; "paramorphoscopes of" 250; ''Schieferspath'', 305-06; Zombini's, 355; aka ''espato'' or ''espanto'', 375; double-refraction, 375; 387; 391; 437; 564; "expression in crystal form of Earth's velocity" 688; [http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/carbonat/calcite/calcite.htm From this website]. Note the text of the dust jacket of the book is split into three, not two overlapping images. A strategic mineral during WWII used for the sighting equipment of bombardiers and gunners. See[http://www.galleries.com/minerals/carbonat/calcite/calcite.htm this website.]

[[image:Tarot_Judgement.jpg|thumb|Judgement|right]]'''Icosadyad''' 
225; the "Company of Twenty-two," meaning the Major Arcana in the Tarot deck. "They are the ones most capable of damage"; Greek: Icosa- = 20; Dyad, according to the Pythagoreans, is the principle of "twoness" or "otherness" and, generally, is any two entities regarded as a unit; in the Tarot context, "icosadyad" would refer a doubling of Number XX of the Major Arcana of the Tarot deck, Judgement; 231; 496; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judgement_(Tarot_card) Wikipedia entry]

'''icosahedron''' 
565; polyhedron having 20 faces, but usually a regular icosahedron is implied, which has equilateral triangles as faces. [Etymology: 16th Century: from Greek eikosaedron, from eikosi twenty + -edron -hedron]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icosahedron Wikipedia entry]

'''Ictibus, The Phenominal Dr.''' 
344; "and His Safe-Deflector Hat"; ictibus is the ablative case for the Latin word "ictus" meaning a "blow" or "strike" - thus, away from a strike, appropriately

'''Idiom Neutral''' 
533; an international auxiliary language, published in 1902 by the International Academy of the Universal Language under the leadership of Waldemar Rosenberger, a St. Petersburg engineer; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom_Neutral Wikipedia entry]

'''I.G.L.O.O.''' 
122; Inter-Group Laboratory for Opticomagnetic Observation, a "radiational clearinghouse in Northern Alaska"

'''''Imbottigliata''''' 
28; Italian = bottled;

'''Imperium of Steam''' 
567; 680;

'''''Imum Coeli''''' 
406; In astrology, the ''Imum Coeli'' (Latin for "bottom of the sky"), IC, is the point in space where the ecliptic crosses the meridian in the north, exactly opposite the Midheaven. It is said to refer to our roots and also to the least conscious part of ourselves. It symbolizes foundations, beginnings in life, what may have been experienced through parental inheritance and homeland influences, need for security and relationships with the home and family life; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imum_Coeli Wikipedia entry]

<div id="inconvenience"></div>'''''Inconvenience, The''''' 
3; Chums of Chance's hydrogen skyship; in [[''Mason & Dixon'']] H.M.S. Inconvenience was a ship that [[Fender-Belly Bodine]] once sailed in.

'''Inner American Sea''' 
71;

'''Innocence''' 
87; 223; 235; ''corrupting youth'', 335; 362; 416; Chums of Chance, 418; 502; mathematicians, 540; "hunger for young bodies" 581; 674;

'''''Interdikt, das''''' 
690; 200-mile phosgene (poison gas) line

'''Interface''' 
53-54;

'''inukshuk''' 
126; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inukshuk Wikipedia entry]

'''Invisibility''' 
"a sacred condition" 43; desks, 39; hawk, 55; "intervals of" 61; "emerged from" 62; "the pale invisible" 64; of the wind, 75; detectives at Colorado mines, 92; duster, 94; "window into" for Kit Traverse, 99; "...distance" 106; Islands disappearing, 108; fireworks, 112; "imperceptable war" 122; extra man, 125; 127; invisible heckler, 133; Hidden People, 134; 135; 142; 144; 150; 153; 160; 163; Fleetwood, 164; home, 165; 176; Major Arcana, 223; 242; 245; 249; 252; 266; chili's, 289; 327; workers at I.J. & K. Smokefoot, 345-46; in New Orleans, 369; 522; Chums of Chance, 549; Invisiblism, 625; 627; cloak of invisibility, 716;
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibility Wikipedia entry]

'''Ipsow, Ray''' 
29; colleague of Professor Heino Vanderjuice of Yale University; in Latin, ''re ipso'' translates to "the thing itself."

'''Ironworkers Union''' 
43; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Bridge%2C_Structural%2C_Ornamental_and_Reinforcing_Iron_Workers Wikipedia entry]

'''Isafjoror''' 
125;

'''Isandhlwana''' 
22; "massacre of British troops at"; On January 22, 1879, Isandlwana was the site of the Battle of Isandlwana, where over 20,000 Zulu warriors defeated a contingent of British soldiers in the first engagement of the Anglo-Zulu War. Almost the entire column of about 1,200 British soldiers was killed, and the regimental colours were lost; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isandhlwana Wikipedia entry]

'''Isola degli Specchi, aka Isle of Mirrors''' 
244; island of mirror-makers in Venice, 569;

'''Italian Troubles''' 
369; in New Orleans

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

Errata

2006-12-06T13:54:35Z

Torerye:

== Errata in first printing (Nov. 2006), first US edition ==

[[Against the Day description|Front flap]]: "Nikolai" Tesla, elsewhere (and conventionally) "Nikola"

Page 63 line 14 "Unless," Ed pointed out, ["]it ''is'' God."

Page 82 line 1 "richochets"

Page 87 line 12 "be" doubled

Page 87 line 31-32 "ridegerunning"

Page 92 line 15 "what" doubled

Page 116 line 39 "de[c]lared"

Page 236 line 38: "exhiliration"

Page 240 line 8 "Re[n]frew"

Page 248 line 18: ''Culo'',[']"

Page 254 line 31 "recon[n]aissance"

Page 307 line 14 how about that?["]

Page 334 line 19 "of" doubled

Page 348 line 1 "sixth" should be "Sixth"

Page 385 line 34 "knowss"

Page 420 line 28 "opportunit[i]es"

Page 427 line 7 "esssential"

Page 440 line 33 "sib[i]lance"

Page 444 line 8 "Oasi[s]"

Page 503 line 25 "The cycle, Yashmeen, speculated, might..."

Page 505 line 1 "momument"

Page 513 line 11 "smlled"

Page 515 line 32 "th[r]oughout"

Page 518 line 1 "off" for "of"

Page 524 line 10 "exhilirated"

Page 531 Line 13 "rende[z]vous"

Page 548 line 24 "harbors," comma should be period

Page 552 line 22 "be" doubled

Page 563 line 36 "''mo[d]erskont''" (?)

Page 590 line 29 That is, is it was ''some smile''.

Page 616 line 21 dueling transliterations: "Izmeren[i]ye"

Page 636 line 4 "f[r]om"

Page 652 line 12 "opportunit[i]es"

Page 680 line 10 "Colonnel"

Page 782 line 16 "when" doubled

Page 786 line 5 "th[r]ough"

Page 790 line 5-6 "interrested"

Page 790 line 24 "a[r]rival"

Page 799 line 4 "st[r]eet"

Page 801 line 12 "susceptib[i]lity"

Page 831 line 5 "ar[t]ificial"

Page 880 line 38 "Gradengio" for Gradenigo

Page 896 line 37 "''Tallis'' Fantasia" [of Vaughan Williams]: misleading italics

Page 900 line 19 "the" doubled

Page 915 line 16 "perfo[r]ming"

Page 943 line 4 "Ou[t]side"

Page 943 line 36 "unfor[e]seen [variant, 'fore' used elsewhere]

Page 968 line 27 "every[b]ody"

Page 971 line 4 "were" doubled

Page 1000 line 14 final period omitted from L.A.H.D.I.H.D.A[]

Page 1034 line 7 "Thickbush" [vs. "Thick Bush" at 8.3]

Page 1036 line 36 "querelans" [vs. "querulans" at 455.16]

Page 1037 line 29 "tran[s]parencies"

Page 1071 line 35 "''Um''" for "''Un''"

[[Category:ATD]]

Talk:Errata

2006-12-06T13:53:31Z

Torerye:

There's a "that" which should be "than", as well as a missing quotation mark, somewhere in the first 800 pages, but I was too foolish to note where I found them. Don't I feel like a schmuck. [[User:BlakeStacey|BlakeStacey]] 16:42, 2 December 2006 (PST)

== Updates ==

How do you think I feel mistyping the line for an error right in front of me?

(Thanks for the catch, Bleakhaus!)

I have all sympathy for Penguin (as long as they correct 'em.) This must have been a bear to proof, and perfection is not given to mortals... [[User:monte.davis|monte.davis]] 04:25, 3 December 2006 (EST)

:We are, after all, doing Penguin's work for free. :-/ [[User:BlakeStacey|BlakeStacey]] 07:52, 4 December 2006 (PST)

I'm not sure the most recent additions to the errata list (four dots instead of three) can be counted as 'proper' errors. The ellipsis has always been one of Pynchon's favorite rhetorical devices, and the way I see it, the number of dots simply signifies how large the ellipsis is meant to be. Gravity's Rainbow is full of ellipses with both three and four dots, and this shouldn't be considered an error, IMO. Unless anyone objects, I'll remove the four/three dots-entries in a day or two. [[User:Torerye|Torerye]] 01:39, 6 December 2006 (PST)

I agree abt removing the three/four dot corrections. An ellipsis is always three periods. In standard American usage (unlike British), a terminal period is added to the ellipsis if the ellipsis occurs at the end of the sentence, whereas it will stand alone, three periods, when occurring within a sentence. Some good examples of this are on page 47, lines 12 and 14, and again on lines 18 and 19. Four periods (at the end of a sentence), three periods (within the sentence). In British usage, on the other hand, the ellipsis always stands alone, regardless of its placement in a sentence. So the British editions of ATD would always show "..." and never "....".... [[User:Zutphen|Zutphen]] 08:48, 6 December 2006 (EST)

Thanks for this clarification! I'll remove the three/four dot corrections right away, since the case seems clear enough. [[User:Torerye|Torerye]] 05:53, 6 December 2006 (PST)

Talk:Errata

2006-12-06T09:39:53Z

Torerye:

ATD 1-25

2006-12-05T10:58:06Z

Torerye: Error on the copyright page?

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

'''Copyright page''' 
The copyright page states that ''Against the Day'' is published by Viking Penguin, but on the title page and elsewhere we can read that the book is published by Penguin Press. The copyright pages of other books from Penguin Press state "Penguin Press" as the publisher, as could be expected, and it seems likely that the substitution of "Penguin Press" with "Viking" is one of many typographical errors in the book (see [[errata]]).

'''Dedication''' 
Most of Pynchon's novels contain dedications-- ''Mason & Dixon'' ("For Melanie, and for Jackson") , ''Vineland'' ("For my mother and father"), and ''Gravity's Rainbow'' ("For Richard Fariña")-- but not so ''Against the Day,'' as published. Advance reading copies of the book did contain the words "Dedication TK" in italics, but this is simply [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Come publisher-speak] for "dedication to come." It is unknown whether Pynchon ever considered inclusion of a dedication or whether the publisher simply left the page open just in case, but the ultimate lack of a dedication may suggest that Pynchon feels he's thanked everyone he needs to thank.

'''"It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."''' 
Epigraph by Thelonious Monk. Jazz and particularly bebop seem to be a lifelong interest of Pynchon’s, appearing in some form in all his works and what biographical snippets exist. As a college student, Pynchon “spent a lot of time in jazz clubs, nursing the two-beer minimum,” by his own admission (''Slow Learner'', Introduction).

==Page 3==

'''"Now single up all lines!"''' 
Docked ships normally use doubled lines, then remove them in two stages when leaving the port. Pynchon was in the Navy for a spell and "single up all lines" is a common enough nautical term. But the opening line has many possible connotations. The Modern Word's Quail [http://www.themodernword.com/reviews/pynchon_atd.html writes] that "it is simultaneously a self-directive and a call to the reader; suggesting that ''Against the Day'' is a culmination of his previous work, and also charging the reader to find meaning within its twisting labyrinth. It may also be a sly, preemptive joke on the book’s initial critics, as the novel begins with the launch of a bloated gasbag bearing a somewhat provocative name." For more on lines, see page 146. One may also want to pay attention to sections on 'vectors' (represented by arrows). "Single up all lines" is used in its normal nautical context in ''V.'', 11; ''COL49'', 31; ''Gravity's Rainbow'', 489; and ''Mason & Dixon'', 258, 260. Perhaps we can understand this "line" as a text-string linking Pynchon's novels together (all but ''Vineland''?)--in preparation for a voyage to . . . .?

'''"Cheerly now...handsomely...very well!!"''' 
Cheerly means cheerily. Just as 'single up all lines' is used in nautical context in ''V.'', so 'cheerly' appears on page 54 of ''Mason & Dixon'' ("Cheerly. Cheerly, then, Lads...").

'''''Inconvenience''''' 
Pynchon's fictional navy includes the USS Scaffold and the Susanna Squaducci (V), and the John E. Badass (GR).

'''patriotic bunting''' 
AtD has many echoes of Doctorow's "Ragtime".
:how so? [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]] 14:16, 4 December 2006 (PST)

'''five-lad crew''' 
Randolph St. Cosmo (ship commander), Lindsay Noseworth (master-at-arms), Miles Blundell (handyman apprentice), Darby Suckling (factotum and mascot), and Chick Counterfly.

'''The Chums of Chance''' 
Cameraderie and isolation are two recurring topics in Pynchon's works. The Chums are a band of heroes like those commonly featured in the 19th century boys' fiction that Pynchon evokes, but also recall Pynchon's high school fictions, [http://themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_hamster.html Voice of the Hamster] and [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_boys.html The Boys], in which the teenage Pynchon lovingly portrayed his group of high school chums, known as, simply, "The Boys."

'''World's Columbian Exposition''' 
also called The Chicago World's Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' discovery of the New World. Chicago bested New York City, Washington, D.C. and St. Louis, Missouri, for the honor of hosting the fair. The fair had a profound effect on architecture, the arts, Chicago's self image and American industrial optimism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_Columbian_Exposition Wikipedia entry].

==Page 5==

'''Pugnax''' 
The name meaning, in Latin, "likes to fight." Pugnax's fantastic intelligence recalls another intelligent dog, the Learned English Dog in ''Mason & Dixon''. Pugnax's manner of speech is also reminiscent of the mystery-solving cartoon dog "Scooby-Doo."

'''"...during a confidential assignment in Our Nation's Capitol (see ''The Chums of Chance and the Evil Halfwit)..."'' 
This could be seen as a criticism of American Presidents present or past, or perhaps the Vietnam War, which Pynchon himself opposed.

May also refer to President Bush, considering the Pynchon-authored Amazon.com book description which included “With a worldwide disaster looming just a few years ahead, it is a time of unrestrained corporate greed, false religiosity, moronic fecklessness, and evil intent in high places. No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred.”

==Page 6==

'''''Princess Casamassima''''' 
Published 1886. [http://www.henryjames.org.uk/pcasa/home.htm etext]

'''''Krakatoa''''' 
Erupted 1883.

'''Heino Vanderjuice''' 
Hey no wonderjuice???

'''"...anemometer of the Robinson's type"''' 
Cup anemometer invented in 1846 by Dr. John Thomas Romney Robinson. Cup anemometers are still commonly used to measure wind speed because of their simplicity and reliability in a variety of environmental conditions.

==Page 7==

'''Porfirio Diaz''' 
President of Mexico 1876-1880, 1884-1911. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz Wikipedia]

'''"'Dick' Counterfly had absquatulated...."''' 
Means to move away quickly, usually to avoid capture. Apparently a mock-Latinate formation, "to go off and squat somewhere else." Great verb!

==Page 8==

'''"which directs us never to interfere with legal customs of any locality down at which we may happen to have touched"''' 
Like the Prime Directive in ''Star Trek''.

'''way better than a mile a minute''' 
New Orleans to Chicago is 834 miles, slightly less than 14 hours at 60 miles/hour.

==Page 9==

'''"Do not imagine, that in coming aboard ''Inconvenience'' you have escaped into any realm of the counterfactual..."''' 
This may be Pynchon directly addressing the reader. Given that his introductory blurb proclaims the world of AtD as what the world might be with a minor adjustment or two, this paragraph seems to indicate that Pynchon, like all great fantasy or sci-fi writers, does not intend to create a world where anything goes. Rather, he will create a world that differs from ours but then obey the rules and constraints he's already established.

'''"Going up is like going north."''' 
Air gets cooler as the ship ascends into higher altitudes, and therefore like travelling northward. This page also suggests some further mystery of the Chums may be revealed to Chick and the reader in time.

==Page 11==

'''plummet''' 
Bad physics here-- closing the valve wouldn't slow the descent.
:More explanation, please? [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]] 14:16, 4 December 2006 (PST)

==Page 12==

'''Liverpool Kiss''' 
A head butt.

'''Herr Riemann''' 
Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard (1826-1866) (pronounced REE mahn or in IPA: ['ri:man]) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to analysis and differential geometry, some of them paving the way for the later development of general relativity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann Wikipedia entry].

==Page 13==
'''"...quite as if were some giant eyeball, perhaps that of Society itself, ever scrutinizing from above, in a spirit of constructive censure."''' 
This is strikingly reminiscent of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odilon_Redon Odilon Redon's] 1882 Lithograph ''L'Oeil, comme un ballon bizarre se dirige vers l'infini (The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity).'' [http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O%3ADE%3AI%3A2&page_number=4&template_id=1&sort_order=1 At MoMa's Online Collection]

Reference also to ATD Pg. 51 and "The Unsleeping Eye", an apparent reference to Pinkerton's competing PI agency.

==Page 14==

'''Jacob's-ladder''' 
Used here as "a marine ladder of rope or chain with wooden or iron rungs" (Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged) but is suggestive of Jacob's ladder in Genesis:

Genesis 28:12 And he [jacob] dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it. (King James version)

==Page 15==

'''ukulelist''' 
Ukuleles also appear in ''Gravity's Rainbow'' and ''Vineland''. According to Jules Siegel's article, "Who is Thomas Pynchon, and why did he take off with my wife?", Pynchon himself played the ukulele in college.

'''Beaufort Scale''' 
Developed 1805.

==Page 17==

'''cubeb''' 
The name for the berry and for the oil obtained from the unripe berry of the East Indian climbing shrub ''P. cubeba''. The dried fruits are sometimes used as a condiment or are ground and smoked in cigarette form as a catarrh remedy. The oil is used medicinally and also in soap manufacture. The masticated roots of kava, ''P. methysticum,'' widely grown in its native Pacific islands, are made into a beverage called kavakava, which contains soporific alkaloids. It is an integral part of religious and social life there. A preparation of kava for commerce, also called kavakava, is sold widely as an herbal remedy for anxiety and insomnia. -- From [http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/pepper The Free Dictionary] Also appears in ''Gravity's Rainbow,'' page 118.

'''"...goldurn Keeley Cure"''' 
A treatment for alcohol, nicotine and narcotic addiction involving injections of "bichloride" or "double chloride" of gold, and also known as the "gold cure". Named for Dr. Leslie E. Keeley, who opened the first of many Keeley Institutes in 1879.

==Page 18==

'''headgear''' 
Description vaguely reminiscent of "Madame Bovary". [http://robotwisdom.com/flaubert/bovary/bovary1.html [notes]]

'''eclipse green''' 
Apparently an actual shade. [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/DIO_DRO/DIRECT.html [cite]]

'''A.C.''' 
Athletic Club.

'''("Penny") Black''' 
The first postage stamp (1840) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black [Wikipedia]]

'''Tzigane''' 
Meaning "gypsy". Also a piece by Ravel. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzigane_(Ravel) [Wikipedia]]

'''Egypt''' 
Or Little Egypt. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Egypt_(region) [Wikipedia]]

==Page 22==

'''Isandhlwana''' 
1879 battle. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isandhlwana [Wikipedia]]

==Page 23==

'''Tarahumara''' 
See also page 388ff. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarahumara [Wikipedia]]

==Page 24==

'''the curse of Scotland''' 
Dates from 1710. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Curse_of_Scotland [Wikipedia]]

'''Cracker Jack''' 
Introduced at 1893 Expo. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracker_Jack [Wikipedia]]

'''New Levee district''' 
Chicago's redlight district c1890. [http://www.ipsn.org/genesis.htm [cite]]

'''Epworth League''' 
A Methodist youth organization founded in 1889. [http://www.southernmethodistchurch.org/id48.htm [cite]]

==Page 25==

'''Haymarket bomb''' 
The Haymarket Riot on May 4, 1886, in Chicago may be the origin of international May Day observances and in popular literature inspired the caricature of "a bomb-throwing anarchist." The causes of the incident are still controversial, although deeply polarized attitudes separating the business class and the working class in late 19th century Chicago are generally acknowledged as having precipitated the tragedy and its aftermath. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_bombing Wikipedia entry].

'''duck soup''' 
Meaning "an easy task," but also the name of a Marx Bros. movie. Perhaps relevant, given the cameo by Groucho promised on the book sleeve.

ATD 1-25

2006-12-05T10:54:47Z

Torerye:

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

'''Copyright page''' 
The copyright page states that ''Against the Day'' is published by Viking Penguin, but on the title page and elsewhere we can read that the book is published by Penguin Press. The copyright pages of other books from Penguin Press state "Penguin Press" as the publisher, as could be expected, and it seems likely that the substitution of "Penguin Press" with "Viking" is one of many typographical errors in the book.

'''Dedication''' 
Most of Pynchon's novels contain dedications-- ''Mason & Dixon'' ("For Melanie, and for Jackson") , ''Vineland'' ("For my mother and father"), and ''Gravity's Rainbow'' ("For Richard Fariña")-- but not so ''Against the Day,'' as published. Advance reading copies of the book did contain the words "Dedication TK" in italics, but this is simply [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Come publisher-speak] for "dedication to come." It is unknown whether Pynchon ever considered inclusion of a dedication or whether the publisher simply left the page open just in case, but the ultimate lack of a dedication may suggest that Pynchon feels he's thanked everyone he needs to thank.

'''"It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."''' 
Epigraph by Thelonious Monk. Jazz and particularly bebop seem to be a lifelong interest of Pynchon’s, appearing in some form in all his works and what biographical snippets exist. As a college student, Pynchon “spent a lot of time in jazz clubs, nursing the two-beer minimum,” by his own admission (''Slow Learner'', Introduction).

==Page 3==

'''"Now single up all lines!"''' 
Docked ships normally use doubled lines, then remove them in two stages when leaving the port. Pynchon was in the Navy for a spell and "single up all lines" is a common enough nautical term. But the opening line has many possible connotations. The Modern Word's Quail [http://www.themodernword.com/reviews/pynchon_atd.html writes] that "it is simultaneously a self-directive and a call to the reader; suggesting that ''Against the Day'' is a culmination of his previous work, and also charging the reader to find meaning within its twisting labyrinth. It may also be a sly, preemptive joke on the book’s initial critics, as the novel begins with the launch of a bloated gasbag bearing a somewhat provocative name." For more on lines, see page 146. One may also want to pay attention to sections on 'vectors' (represented by arrows). "Single up all lines" is used in its normal nautical context in ''V.'', 11; ''COL49'', 31; ''Gravity's Rainbow'', 489; and ''Mason & Dixon'', 258, 260. Perhaps we can understand this "line" as a text-string linking Pynchon's novels together (all but ''Vineland''?)--in preparation for a voyage to . . . .?

'''"Cheerly now...handsomely...very well!!"''' 
Cheerly means cheerily. Just as 'single up all lines' is used in nautical context in ''V.'', so 'cheerly' appears on page 54 of ''Mason & Dixon'' ("Cheerly. Cheerly, then, Lads...").

'''''Inconvenience''''' 
Pynchon's fictional navy includes the USS Scaffold and the Susanna Squaducci (V), and the John E. Badass (GR).

'''patriotic bunting''' 
AtD has many echoes of Doctorow's "Ragtime".
:how so? [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]] 14:16, 4 December 2006 (PST)

'''five-lad crew''' 
Randolph St. Cosmo (ship commander), Lindsay Noseworth (master-at-arms), Miles Blundell (handyman apprentice), Darby Suckling (factotum and mascot), and Chick Counterfly.

'''The Chums of Chance''' 
Cameraderie and isolation are two recurring topics in Pynchon's works. The Chums are a band of heroes like those commonly featured in the 19th century boys' fiction that Pynchon evokes, but also recall Pynchon's high school fictions, [http://themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_hamster.html Voice of the Hamster] and [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_boys.html The Boys], in which the teenage Pynchon lovingly portrayed his group of high school chums, known as, simply, "The Boys."

'''World's Columbian Exposition''' 
also called The Chicago World's Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' discovery of the New World. Chicago bested New York City, Washington, D.C. and St. Louis, Missouri, for the honor of hosting the fair. The fair had a profound effect on architecture, the arts, Chicago's self image and American industrial optimism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_Columbian_Exposition Wikipedia entry].

==Page 5==

'''Pugnax''' 
The name meaning, in Latin, "likes to fight." Pugnax's fantastic intelligence recalls another intelligent dog, the Learned English Dog in ''Mason & Dixon''. Pugnax's manner of speech is also reminiscent of the mystery-solving cartoon dog "Scooby-Doo."

'''"...during a confidential assignment in Our Nation's Capitol (see ''The Chums of Chance and the Evil Halfwit)..."'' 
This could be seen as a criticism of American Presidents present or past, or perhaps the Vietnam War, which Pynchon himself opposed.

May also refer to President Bush, considering the Pynchon-authored Amazon.com book description which included “With a worldwide disaster looming just a few years ahead, it is a time of unrestrained corporate greed, false religiosity, moronic fecklessness, and evil intent in high places. No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred.”

==Page 6==

'''''Princess Casamassima''''' 
Published 1886. [http://www.henryjames.org.uk/pcasa/home.htm etext]

'''''Krakatoa''''' 
Erupted 1883.

'''Heino Vanderjuice''' 
Hey no wonderjuice???

'''"...anemometer of the Robinson's type"''' 
Cup anemometer invented in 1846 by Dr. John Thomas Romney Robinson. Cup anemometers are still commonly used to measure wind speed because of their simplicity and reliability in a variety of environmental conditions.

==Page 7==

'''Porfirio Diaz''' 
President of Mexico 1876-1880, 1884-1911. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz Wikipedia]

'''"'Dick' Counterfly had absquatulated...."''' 
Means to move away quickly, usually to avoid capture. Apparently a mock-Latinate formation, "to go off and squat somewhere else." Great verb!

==Page 8==

'''"which directs us never to interfere with legal customs of any locality down at which we may happen to have touched"''' 
Like the Prime Directive in ''Star Trek''.

'''way better than a mile a minute''' 
New Orleans to Chicago is 834 miles, slightly less than 14 hours at 60 miles/hour.

==Page 9==

'''"Do not imagine, that in coming aboard ''Inconvenience'' you have escaped into any realm of the counterfactual..."''' 
This may be Pynchon directly addressing the reader. Given that his introductory blurb proclaims the world of AtD as what the world might be with a minor adjustment or two, this paragraph seems to indicate that Pynchon, like all great fantasy or sci-fi writers, does not intend to create a world where anything goes. Rather, he will create a world that differs from ours but then obey the rules and constraints he's already established.

'''"Going up is like going north."''' 
Air gets cooler as the ship ascends into higher altitudes, and therefore like travelling northward. This page also suggests some further mystery of the Chums may be revealed to Chick and the reader in time.

==Page 11==

'''plummet''' 
Bad physics here-- closing the valve wouldn't slow the descent.
:More explanation, please? [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]] 14:16, 4 December 2006 (PST)

==Page 12==

'''Liverpool Kiss''' 
A head butt.

'''Herr Riemann''' 
Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard (1826-1866) (pronounced REE mahn or in IPA: ['ri:man]) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to analysis and differential geometry, some of them paving the way for the later development of general relativity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann Wikipedia entry].

==Page 13==
'''"...quite as if were some giant eyeball, perhaps that of Society itself, ever scrutinizing from above, in a spirit of constructive censure."''' 
This is strikingly reminiscent of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odilon_Redon Odilon Redon's] 1882 Lithograph ''L'Oeil, comme un ballon bizarre se dirige vers l'infini (The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity).'' [http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O%3ADE%3AI%3A2&page_number=4&template_id=1&sort_order=1 At MoMa's Online Collection]

Reference also to ATD Pg. 51 and "The Unsleeping Eye", an apparent reference to Pinkerton's competing PI agency.

==Page 14==

'''Jacob's-ladder''' 
Used here as "a marine ladder of rope or chain with wooden or iron rungs" (Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged) but is suggestive of Jacob's ladder in Genesis:

Genesis 28:12 And he [jacob] dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it. (King James version)

==Page 15==

'''ukulelist''' 
Ukuleles also appear in ''Gravity's Rainbow'' and ''Vineland''. According to Jules Siegel's article, "Who is Thomas Pynchon, and why did he take off with my wife?", Pynchon himself played the ukulele in college.

'''Beaufort Scale''' 
Developed 1805.

==Page 17==

'''cubeb''' 
The name for the berry and for the oil obtained from the unripe berry of the East Indian climbing shrub ''P. cubeba''. The dried fruits are sometimes used as a condiment or are ground and smoked in cigarette form as a catarrh remedy. The oil is used medicinally and also in soap manufacture. The masticated roots of kava, ''P. methysticum,'' widely grown in its native Pacific islands, are made into a beverage called kavakava, which contains soporific alkaloids. It is an integral part of religious and social life there. A preparation of kava for commerce, also called kavakava, is sold widely as an herbal remedy for anxiety and insomnia. -- From [http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/pepper The Free Dictionary] Also appears in ''Gravity's Rainbow,'' page 118.

'''"...goldurn Keeley Cure"''' 
A treatment for alcohol, nicotine and narcotic addiction involving injections of "bichloride" or "double chloride" of gold, and also known as the "gold cure". Named for Dr. Leslie E. Keeley, who opened the first of many Keeley Institutes in 1879.

==Page 18==

'''headgear''' 
Description vaguely reminiscent of "Madame Bovary". [http://robotwisdom.com/flaubert/bovary/bovary1.html [notes]]

'''eclipse green''' 
Apparently an actual shade. [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/DIO_DRO/DIRECT.html [cite]]

'''A.C.''' 
Athletic Club.

'''("Penny") Black''' 
The first postage stamp (1840) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black [Wikipedia]]

'''Tzigane''' 
Meaning "gypsy". Also a piece by Ravel. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzigane_(Ravel) [Wikipedia]]

'''Egypt''' 
Or Little Egypt. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Egypt_(region) [Wikipedia]]

==Page 22==

'''Isandhlwana''' 
1879 battle. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isandhlwana [Wikipedia]]

==Page 23==

'''Tarahumara''' 
See also page 388ff. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarahumara [Wikipedia]]

==Page 24==

'''the curse of Scotland''' 
Dates from 1710. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Curse_of_Scotland [Wikipedia]]

'''Cracker Jack''' 
Introduced at 1893 Expo. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracker_Jack [Wikipedia]]

'''New Levee district''' 
Chicago's redlight district c1890. [http://www.ipsn.org/genesis.htm [cite]]

'''Epworth League''' 
A Methodist youth organization founded in 1889. [http://www.southernmethodistchurch.org/id48.htm [cite]]

==Page 25==

'''Haymarket bomb''' 
The Haymarket Riot on May 4, 1886, in Chicago may be the origin of international May Day observances and in popular literature inspired the caricature of "a bomb-throwing anarchist." The causes of the incident are still controversial, although deeply polarized attitudes separating the business class and the working class in late 19th century Chicago are generally acknowledged as having precipitated the tragedy and its aftermath. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_bombing Wikipedia entry].

'''duck soup''' 
Meaning "an easy task," but also the name of a Marx Bros. movie. Perhaps relevant, given the cameo by Groucho promised on the book sleeve.

Against the Day description

2006-12-05T10:46:25Z

Torerye: Noted extra differences

The following is the blurb, attributed to Thomas Pynchon, that appeared, disappeared and reappeared on Amazon.com, for Pynchon's latest novel, ''Against the Day'', released 11/21/06 by Penguin Press. This piece of writing was also used in promotional materials by the publisher, and was eventually edited down (with all author attribution removed) for the book jacket flap copy.

==Comparison of description versions==

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

'''As posted on Amazon.com'''

Spanning the period between the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition Chicago World's Fair of 1893] and the years just after World War I, this novel moves from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cripple_Creek_miners'_strike_of_1894 labor troubles in Colorado] to turn-of-the-century New York, to London and Göttingen, Venice and Vienna, the Balkans, Central Asia, Siberia at the time of the mysterious [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event], Mexico during the Revolution, postwar Paris, silent-era Hollywood, and one or two places not strictly speaking on the map at all.

With a worldwide disaster looming just a few years ahead, it is a time of unrestrained corporate greed, false religiosity, moronic fecklessness, and evil intent in high places. No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred.

The sizable cast of characters includes anarchists, balloonists, gamblers, corporate tycoons, drug enthusiasts, innocents and decadents, mathematicians, mad scientists, shamans, psychics, and stage magicians, spies, detectives, adventuresses, and hired guns. There are cameo appearances by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Nikola Tesla], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi Bela Lugosi], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groucho_Marx Groucho Marx].

As an era of certainty comes crashing down around their ears and an unpredictable future commences, these folks are mostly just trying to pursue their lives. Sometimes they manage to catch up; sometimes it's their lives that pursue them.

Meanwhile, the author is up to his usual business. Characters stop what they're doing to sing what are for the most part stupid songs. Strange sexual practices take place. Obscure languages are spoken, not always idiomatically. Contrary-to-the-fact occurrences occur. If it is not the world, it is what the world might be with a minor adjustment or two. According to some, this is one of the main purposes of fiction.

Let the reader decide, let the reader beware. Good luck.

—Thomas Pynchon

{{col-2}}

'''As seen on the book jacket'''

Spanning the period between the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition Chicago World's Fair of 1893] and the years just after World War I, ''Against the Day'' moves from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cripple_Creek_miners'_strike_of_1894 labor troubles in Colorado] to turn-of-the-century New York, to London and Göttingen, Venice and Vienna, the Balkans, Central Asia, Siberia at the time of the mysterious [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event], Mexico during the Revolution, postwar Paris, silent-era Hollywood, and one or two places not strictly speaking on the map at all.

With a worldwide disaster looming just a few years ahead, it is a time of unrestrained corporate greed, false religiosity, moronic fecklessness, and evil intent in high places.

The sizable cast of characters includes anarchists, balloonists, gamblers, corporate tycoons, drug enthusiasts, innocents and decadents, mathematicians, mad scientists, shamans, psychics, and stage magicians, spies, detectives, adventuresses, and hired guns. There are cameo appearances by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Nikolai Tesla], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi Bela Lugosi], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groucho_Marx Groucho Marx].

As an era of certainty comes crashing down around their ears and an unpredictable future commences, these folks are mostly just trying to pursue their lives. Sometimes they manage to catch up; sometimes it's their lives that pursue them.

Meanwhile, Thomas Pynchon is up to his usual business. Characters stop what they're doing to sing what are for the most part stupid songs. Strange and weird sexual practices take place. Obscure languages are spoken, not always idiomatically. Contrary-to-the-fact occurrences occur. Maybe it's not the world, but with a minor adjustment or two it's what the world might be.
{{col-end}}

==Difference in the Texts==

# "this novel" (Amazon version) becomes "''Against the Day''" (book version).
# "No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred" (Amazon only).
# "Nikola Tesla" in the Amazon description becomes "Nikolai Tesla" on the hardcover book jacket (see [[errata]]).
# "Meanwhile, the author is up to his usual business" (Amazon version) becomes "Meanwhile, Thomas Pynchon is up to his usual business" (book version).
# "Strange sexual practices" (Amazon version) becomes "Strange and weird sexual practices" (book version).
# "If it is not the world, it is what the world might be with a minor adjustment or two. According to some, this is one of the main purposes of fiction." (Amazon version) "Maybe it's not the world, but with a minor adjustment or two it's what the world might be." (book version)
# "Let the reader decide, let the reader beware. Good luck. —Thomas Pynchon" (Amazon only)

==Spoiler-free Commentary on the differences==

The book jacket omits two extremely important statements, numbers 2 and 7 above, important because they are rare instances of Pynchon stepping outside of his fiction to articulate the motivations behind his art: veiled satire of the present day and, secondly, imagining what he considers a better world. Pynchon's statement of "the world as it might be" is echoed on [[ATD_26-56#Page_51|page 51]] of the text.

"Let the reader decide, let the reader beware" may be a reflection of Pynchon's seemingly anti-critic stance, part of his larger anti-reporter and generally anti-mass media stance. Although one [http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/agordon/pynchon.htm source] tells us that Pynchon "follows the reviews and evidently cares what critics say about him," the fact that reviewers are always given so little time to review his novels suggests that he mistrusts them, or at least prefers to have readers themselves judge the merit of his books. This statement lends credence to that assumption.

Further, Pynchon may be warning his readers to "beware" of not only critics, but the difficulty of the book itself. That "good luck" could mean a lot of things. It may be interpreted as a kindly message to his readers, but also "good luck" reading this enormous, difficult novel...! Also, it is possible that Pynchon may guess or intend that AtD will be his final novel (for the simple fact that he is pushing 70 and takes a decade to write one, and, additionally, the title of Part Five of AtD). If that's the case, and it's by no means certain, this "good luck" may end up being, whether intended or not, his final statement of best wishes to his readers.

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

J

2006-12-04T11:35:28Z

Torerye:

'''Jachin and Boaz''' 
346; "Guardians of the Temple" at Smokefoot's; named after the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boaz_and_Jachin two pillars at the front of Solomon's Temple]

'''Jacob's-Ladder''' 
14; Jacob's Ladder is a portable ladder made of rope or metal and used primarily as an aid in boarding a ship. Originally, the Jacob's Ladder was a network of line leading to the skysail on wooden ships. The name alludes to the biblical Jacob, reputed to have dreamed that he climbed a ladder to the sky. Anyone who has ever tried climbing a Jacob's Ladder while carrying a seabag can apreciate the allusion. It does seem that the climb is long enough to take one into the next world. (Courtesy of [http://www.goatlocker.org The Goat Locker])

'''"Jake with me"''' 
105; musician lingo for "okay with me"

'''James, Henry''' 
5; Henry James, OM (April 15, 1843 – February 28, 1916), son of Henry James Sr. and brother of the philosopher and psychologist William James and diarist Alice James, was an American-born author and literary critic of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James Wikipedia entry]

'''Jameson Raid''' 
691; The Jameson Raid (December 29, 1895 - January 2, 1896) was a raid on Paul Kruger's Transvaal Republic carried out by Leander Starr Jameson and his Rhodesian and Bechuanaland policemen over the New Year weekend of 1895-96. It was intended to trigger an uprising by the primarily British expatriate workers (known as Uitlanders) in the Transvaal but failed to do so. The raid was ineffective and no uprising took place, but it did much to bring about the Second Boer War and the Second Matabele War; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jameson_Raid Wikipedia entry]

'''Japanese characters''' 
258; "character for 'four' being same as that for 'death'";

'''Japanese Oyster''' 
113;

'''Japanese trade delegation''' 
292; at the Cosmopolitan

'''Jarretière, La''' 
1066; a.k.a. Mélanie l'Heuremaudit, a character from chapter fourteen of ''V.'' ("V. in love"), where she was killed during a ballet performance in 1913. Apparently her death was merely staged, and Mélanie survived.

'''Jenny Roger's House of Mirrors''' 
276; on Market Street in Denver;

'''Jeshimon''' 
198; "the place where they brought the ones they didn't want found too soon" 210; Governor, 210, 212 ("something pre-human in the face"). [http://www.christiananswers.net/dictionary/jeshimon.html Biblical origin] (see ''Num. 21:20; 23:28; 1 Sam. 23:19, 24'') meaning "the waste" or "wilderness".

'''Jew Fanny's''' 
260;

'''Jim, Dr.''' 
146;

'''Joaquin''' 
385; El Nato's parrot

'''Johansen, Frederik Hjalmar''' (1867-1923) 
138; Norwegian explorer who shipped as fireman on the ''Fram'', with Nansen.

'''Johannesburg''' 
169; largest city in South Africa, it is still sometimes known by its Zulu name ''eGoli'' which means "City of Gold"; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg Wikipedia entry]

'''''joven''''' 
289; Spanish: young;

'''Juanita''' 
208; song Reef Traverse suggests Cooper play for the ladies;

'''''Juggernaut, The''''' 
31; Scarsdale Vibe's private train;

'''Julius (Groucho Marx)''' 
467-468; 15-year-old boy in hotel Frank Traverse is staying in, in Cripple Creek; Julius Henry Marx, aka Groucho Marx (1890-1977) would have been a young vaudevillian in 1905 when Frank encounters him. And it is true that [[Cripple Creek|he performed in Cripple Creek in the early 20th century.]]

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

Against the Day description

2006-12-04T10:34:29Z

Torerye:

The following is the blurb, attributed to Thomas Pynchon, that appeared, disappeared and reappeared on Amazon.com, for Pynchon's latest novel, ''Against the Day'', released 11/21/06 by Penguin Press. This piece of writing was also used in promotional materials by the publisher, and was eventually edited down (with all author attribution removed) for the book jacket flap copy.

==Comparison of description versions==

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

'''As posted on Amazon.com'''

Spanning the period between the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition Chicago World's Fair of 1893] and the years just after World War I, this novel moves from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cripple_Creek_miners'_strike_of_1894 labor troubles in Colorado] to turn-of-the-century New York, to London and Göttingen, Venice and Vienna, the Balkans, Central Asia, Siberia at the time of the mysterious [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event], Mexico during the Revolution, postwar Paris, silent-era Hollywood, and one or two places not strictly speaking on the map at all.

With a worldwide disaster looming just a few years ahead, it is a time of unrestrained corporate greed, false religiosity, moronic fecklessness, and evil intent in high places. No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred.

The sizable cast of characters includes anarchists, balloonists, gamblers, corporate tycoons, drug enthusiasts, innocents and decadents, mathematicians, mad scientists, shamans, psychics, and stage magicians, spies, detectives, adventuresses, and hired guns. There are cameo appearances by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Nikola Tesla], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi Bela Lugosi], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groucho_Marx Groucho Marx].

As an era of certainty comes crashing down around their ears and an unpredictable future commences, these folks are mostly just trying to pursue their lives. Sometimes they manage to catch up; sometimes it's their lives that pursue them.

Meanwhile, the author is up to his usual business. Characters stop what they're doing to sing what are for the most part stupid songs. Strange sexual practices take place. Obscure languages are spoken, not always idiomatically. Contrary-to-the-fact occurrences occur. If it is not the world, it is what the world might be with a minor adjustment or two. According to some, this is one of the main purposes of fiction.

Let the reader decide, let the reader beware. Good luck.

—Thomas Pynchon

{{col-2}}

'''As seen on the book jacket'''

Spanning the period between the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition Chicago World's Fair of 1893] and the years just after World War I, ''Against the Day'' moves from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cripple_Creek_miners'_strike_of_1894 labor troubles in Colorado] to turn-of-the-century New York, to London and Göttingen, Venice and Vienna, the Balkans, Central Asia, Siberia at the time of the mysterious [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event], Mexico during the Revolution, postwar Paris, silent-era Hollywood, and one or two places not strictly speaking on the map at all.

With a worldwide disaster looming just a few years ahead, it is a time of unrestrained corporate greed, false religiosity, moronic fecklessness, and evil intent in high places.

The sizable cast of characters includes anarchists, balloonists, gamblers, corporate tycoons, drug enthusiasts, innocents and decadents, mathematicians, mad scientists, shamans, psychics, and stage magicians, spies, detectives, adventuresses, and hired guns. There are cameo appearances by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Nikolai Tesla], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Lugosi Bela Lugosi], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groucho_Marx Groucho Marx].

As an era of certainty comes crashing down around their ears and an unpredictable future commences, these folks are mostly just trying to pursue their lives. Sometimes they manage to catch up; sometimes it's their lives that pursue them.

Meanwhile, Thomas Pynchon is up to his usual business. Characters stop what they're doing to sing what are for the most part stupid songs. Strange sexual practices take place. Obscure languages are spoken, not always idiomatically. Contrary-to-the-fact occurrences occur. Maybe it's not the world, but with a minor adjustment or two it's what the world might be.
{{col-end}}

==Difference in the Texts==

# "No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred." (Amazon only)
# "Nikola Tesla" in the Amazon description becomes "Nikolai Tesla" on the hardcover book jacket (see [[errata]]).
# "Meanwhile, the author is up to his usual business" (Amazon version) becomes "Meanwhile, Thomas Pynchon is up to his usual business" (book version).
# "If it is not the world, it is what the world might be with a minor adjustment or two. According to some, this is one of the main purposes of fiction." (Amazon version) "Maybe it's not the world, but with a minor adjustment or two it's what the world might be." (book version)
# "Let the reader decide, let the reader beware. Good luck. —Thomas Pynchon" (Amazon only)

==Spoiler-free Commentary on the differences==

The book jacket omits two extremely important statements, numbers 1 and 4 above, important because they are rare instances of Pynchon stepping outside of his fiction to articulate the motivations behind his art: veiled satire of the present day and, secondly, imagining what he considers a better world. Pynchon's statement of "the world as it might be" is echoed on [[ATD_26-56#Page_51|page 51]] of the text.

"Let the reader decide, let the reader beware" may be a reflection of Pynchon's seemingly anti-critic stance, part of his larger anti-reporter and generally anti-mass media stance. Although one [http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/agordon/pynchon.htm source] tells us that Pynchon "follows the reviews and evidently cares what critics say about him," the fact that reviewers are always given so little time to review his novels suggests that he mistrusts them, or at least prefers to have readers themselves judge the merit of his books. This statement lends credence to that assumption.

Further, Pynchon may be warning his readers to "beware" of not only critics, but the difficulty of the book itself. That "good luck" could mean a lot of things. It may be interpreted as a kindly message to his readers, but also "good luck" reading this enormous, difficult novel...! Also, it is possible that Pynchon may guess or intend that AtD will be his final novel (for the simple fact that he is pushing 70 and takes a decade to write one, and, additionally, the title of Part Five of AtD). If that's the case, and it's by no means certain, this "good luck" may end up being, whether intended or not, his final statement of best wishes to his readers.

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

Against the Day Title

2006-12-01T09:30:18Z

Torerye:

'''Note: please keep this analysis general and spoiler-free.'''

==Contra Jour==

''Contra Jour'' is a photographic term meaning, literally, 'Against the Day' or 'Against the Light'. This seems particularly relevant given that light is a major theme in the book.

==Other books of the same title==

''Against the Day'' is also the title of a book by Michael Cronin, dealing with an alternate history of World War II.

==Biblical connotations==

In his review of ''Against the Day'' in the ''Wall Street Journal'', Alexander Theroux (author of [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FDarconvilles-Cat-Alexander-Theroux%2Fdp%2F0805043659&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''Darconville's Cat''] and the upcoming [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FLaura-Warholic-Intellectual-Alexander-Theroux%2Fdp%2F1560977981%2Fsr%3D11-1%2Fqid%3D1164652830&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''Laura Warholic; or The Sexual Intellectual'']) traces the title of Pynchon's novel back to the Bible, 2 Peter 3:7.:

:(5) For this they willfully forget, that there were heavens from of old, and an earth compacted out of water and amidst water, by the word of God;

:(6) by which means the world that then was, being overflowed with water, perished:

:(7) but the heavens that now are, and the earth, by the same word have been stored up for fire, being reserved '''against the day''' of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.

:(8) But forget not this one thing, beloved, that one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day.

(Source: [http://www.spcm.org/english/ASB/B61C003.htm American Standard Bible])

Theroux's review can be found in [http://online.wsj.com/home/us The Wall Street Journal], November 24, 2006, Page W8. (The website is only accessible for subscribers).

'''Romans 2:5'''

"Against the Day" is a fairly common phrase and probably not limited to one meaning, but this passage from the King James Bible is particularly resonant, especially considering the great amount of religious and pseudo-religious imagery in the book:

The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans 2:5 "But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath ''against the day'' of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God" (King James Bible)

The bookends of the word "wrath" around "against the day" make this particularly suggestive of judgement day or the day of wrath. The passages around this one and around Matthew: 6:34 where Webb's "Sufficient unto the day" (p.96) appears dwell on judgement: "Judge not, that ye be not judged. 7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again."

==The themes of the book==

The title, ''Against the Day,'' contains references to many of the primary themes of the novel: light, opposites, mirror imagery...

==Appearances of "against the day" in other Pynchon works==

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_and_Dixon '''Mason & Dixon''']

p. 125
:Mason nods, gazing past the little Harbor, out to Sea. None of his business where Maskelyne goes, or comes,—God let is remain so. The Stars wheel into the blackness of the broken steep Hills guarding the Mouth of the Valley. Fog begins to stir against the Day swelling near. Among the whiten'd Rock Walls of the Houses seethes a great Whisper of living Voice.

p. 683
:...till the Moment they must pass over the Crest of the Savage Mountain, does there remain to them, contrary to Reason, against the Day, a measurable chance, to turn, to go back out of no more than Stubbornness, and somehow make all come right...

B

2006-11-30T09:11:19Z

Torerye:

'''Bagdad Railway Concession''' 
228; In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire planned to construct a Baghdad Railway under German control. It became a source of international tension and played some role in the origins of the First World War; 238; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Railway Wikipedia entry]

'''Baku''' 
441; Located on the Caspian Sea, Baku or Baky (Baki), capital and largest city of Azerbaijan. Since 1873 an oil belt of Baku began to be formed which was known as a Black City. Within a short period of time departments and representations of Swiss, English, French, Belgian, German and American firms were established in Baku, among them were the firms of the Nobels and Rothschilds. By the beginning of the 20th century almost half of the oil reserves in the world had been extracted in Baku; 631; "with skeeters" 639; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku Wikipedia entry]

'''Bakunin, Mikhail (1814-1876)''' 
373; well-known Russian revolutionary, and often considered one of the fathers of modern anarchism; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin Wikipedia entry]

<div id="balaam"></div>'''Balaam's ass''' 
432; From the Bible, Numbers Chapter 22, wherein Balaam, a seer and Gentile, is sent by Balak, King of Moab, to confront the Israelites who, after 40 years in the desert, were camped on the plains of Moab. An angel, invisible to Balaam but visible to the ass, blocks the road and the ass won't proceed. Balaam repeatedly whips the ass until, by divine intervention, the ass is given the power of speech and speaks to Balaam, asking him why he treats him so badly. Balaam is taken aback and then sees the angel with sword drawn and falls to the ground, contrite. But the angel, instead of stopping him from his journey, tells Balaam to proceed on his mission. When Balaam reaches the top of a hill and sees the Israelites camped out below, a blessing unexpectedly issues from his lips. Two things here: 1) it's possible for a non-Hebrew to be a prophet and 2) this is one of only two instances in the Bible where animals speak, the other being the serpent in the Garden of Eden. [http://www.trivia-library.com/a/origins-of-the-term-balaam-ass.htm More from the Trivia Library]

'''Balkin ''komitadji''''' 
557; Komitadji, Comitadji or Komitaji (Turkish: Komitacı, "a rebel, member of a secret revolutionary society") is a member of a guerrilla band in Macedonia or the Balkan countries.

'''Ball in Hand''' 
405; saloon where Dr. Zoot met Meatman; on West Symmes Street, 410;

'''Basnight, Lewis ("Lew")''' 
36-51; a "spotter" from White City Investigations; Upstate-Downstate Beast, 37; "a keen sympathy for the invisible" 43; "the side of the day" 44; transfer to Denver, 51; 171; Cryptomite trip, 182; emergence out of explosion, 221; 496; at Chunxton Crescent "Gus Swallowfield, Senior Underwriter" 611;

'''Basnight, Troth''' 
38; Lew's wife, who leaves him;

'''Battle of Puebla''' 
315; The Battle of Puebla took place on May 5, 1862 near the city of Puebla, Mexico, during the French intervention in Mexico. It was a major Mexican victory, and is commemorated every year as Cinco de Mayo; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Puebla Wikipedia entry]

'''Bauer, Grünewald''' 
136;

'''Beaufort Scale''' 
15; a scale to measure wind speed; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale Wikipedia entry]

'''Beaver Saloon''' 
193;

'''"Beavers of the Brain"''' 
183; song by the beings inhabiting Lew Basright's steak

'''Becker, Mr.''' 
1076; Jesse Traverse's school teacher, and possibly his future father-in-law; see the [[Traverse Family Tree]]

'''Belgian nihilists''' 
527; "Eugénie, Fatou, Denis, and Policarpe, styling themselves 'Young Congo'"

'''Beppo''' 
576; Dally's alter-ego; Beppo is the subject of the poem "Beppo" by Lord Byron; [[Beppo|Read the poem]]

'''Berlin Conference of 1878''' 
226; The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the European Great Powers' and the Ottoman Empire's leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. In the wake of the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78, the meeting's aim was to reorganize conditions in the Balkans. Otto von Bismarck, who led the Congress, undertook to balance the distinct interests of Great Britain, Russia and Austria-Hungary. As a consequence, however, differences between Russia and Austria-Hungary intensified, as did the nationality question in the Balkans; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin Wikipedia entry]

'''Bible''' 
86; Second Corinthians, 32; 223; St. Mark, 250; "Let there be light" 354; Judas Iscariot, 377; 413; [[#balaam|Balaam's ass]], 432; Sodom and Gomorrah, 441; 441; 452; Jonah and Agadir, 521; Judas Priest, 525; Lot's wife, 550; Lucifer, 575; Infancy Gospel of Thomas, 579; Pentacost story from Acts of the Apostles (Jesus and the dyes), 579-80;

'''Big Billy's''' 
260;

[[Image:Billy-the-Kid.jpg|thumb|Billy the Kid, painting by Jacques Moitoret|right]]'''Billy the Kid (1859-1881)''' 
263; Henry McCarty, better known as Billy the Kid, but also known by the aliases Henry Antrim and William Harrison Bonney, was a 19th century American frontier outlaw and gunmen who was a participant in the Lincoln County War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_the_Kid Wikipedia entry]

'''bilocation''' 
143; the ability (said of certain Roman Catholic saints) to exist simultaneously in two locations; "there are two distinct versions of 'Asia' out there" 249; Estrella, double of Stray Briggs, 393; Chums of Chance and the Marching Academy Harmonica Band, 418-24; "enough to divide a fellow into two" 464; two Agadirs, 521-22; ''Stupendica'', 514; Dally, 524; doubling, 564; multiple identities, 570; sawed-in-half folks, 571-72; Principessa Spongiatosta, 583; Werfner/Renfrew, 683, 685; Orphic and Pythagorean religionns, 686; Lew Basright, 688, 690; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilocation Wikipedia entry]

'''Bindlestiffs of the Blue A.C.''' 
18; aeronautical club from Oregon ("A.C." for alternating current?); a bindelstiff is a hobo, especially one who carries a bedroll.

'''Bing, Liu''' 
345; "tong warrior's girlfriend"

'''Biometric Institute of Neuropathy''' 
433;

'''Black Gang''' 
517; the stokers; 519;

'''Black Hundreds''' 
595; pogrom

'''Black, Miss Penelope ("Penny")''' 
18; distaff member of the Bindlestiffs of the Blue A.C.

'''Blanca, La''' 
287; "local name" for [[ATD-M#meldrum|Bob Meldrum's]] wife;

'''Blaskó, Béla''' 
915; the original name of the Hungarian actor Bela Lugosi (1882-1956) whose most famous role was that of Dracula; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_lugosi Wikipedia entry]

'''Blavatsky, Madame''' (1831-1891) 
219; Helena Petrovna Hahn (also Hélène), better known as Helena Blavatsky (Russian: Елена Блаватская) or Madame Blavatsky, born Helena von Hahn, was a founder of the Theosophical Society; "working for the Tsarist secret service" aka Third Section, aka Okhrana, 631; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Blavatsky Wikipedia entry]

'''Blitz Instruments''' 
53; Blitz is a manufacturer of musical instruments and accessories

'''Bloggins''' 
446;

'''Blope, Dr. Templeton''' 
131; of the University of the Outer Hebrides

'''Blue Ivory''' 
125;

'''Blundell, Miles''' 
4; Handyman Apprentice aboard the ''Inconvenience''; 107; nonsense speaking, 110-13; the Book, 251; 417; "temporarily lapsing into English" 427; recognizes the Trespassers, Mr. Ace, 417; "extra-temporal excursions" 443; and Pugnax, 550; "prefiguration of the Holy City" 551;

'''Bly, Nellie (1864-1922)''' 
37; Born May 5, 1864, to Judge Michael Cochran and Mary Jane Kennedy Cochran, part of the large Cochran family of Apollo, Pennsylvania, Elizabeth Jane Cochrane revolutionized journalism for women. She is better known by her pen name, "Nellie Bly," which she adapted from the Stephen Foster song, "Nelly Bly." Daring and innovative, she gained world fame when she beat Jules Verne's fictional character Phileas Fogg's record for traveling around the world in 80 days by more than a week, departing on November 14, 1889 and returning to New York on January 25, 1890; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Bly Wikipedia entry]

'''Bobrikoff, General''' 
83; "evil viceroy" of Russian Tsar

'''Bodine, O. I. C. (Officer in Charge)''' 
517; American stoker aboard the ''Stupendica''; 519;

'''Bohr, Niels (Henrik David) (1885-1962)''' 
412; Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics. Bohr is widely considered one of the greatest physicists of the twentieth century. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr Wikipedia entry]

'''Boilster, Eugene''' 
477; sheriff of Wall o' Death;

'''Boilster, Tace''' 
479; Eugene's wife;

'''Boilster, Roy Mickey''' 
480; Tace's brother;

'''Boilster, Chloe''' 
485; Eugene's & Tace's daughter

'''Boll Weevil Lounge''' 
47;

'''''Bol'shaia Igra''''' 
122; Padzhy's ship, at the North Pole; in Venice, 245;

'''Boltzmann, Ludwig''' 
596;

'''Bonnet, Charles (1720-1793)''' 
307; Swiss naturalist and philosophical writer who first described what became known as the Charles Bonnet syndrome (or CBS for short), a term used to describe the situation when people with sight problems start to see things which they know aren't real. Sometimes called visual hallucinations, the things people see can take all kinds of forms from simple patterns of straight lines to detailed -pictures of people or buildings. These can be enjoyable or sometimes upsetting; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bonnet Wikipedia entry]

'''Boot Hill''' 
648;

Bopfli 
669; 670;

'''Borrasca''' 
364; Reef's colt;

'''Borowicz, Professor Bogoslaw''' 
343; at McVeety's Theater "Floor Shows"

'''Bosanquet, Bernard James Tindal (1877-1936)''' 
237; "this Middlesex spinner"; an English cricketer, perhaps most renowned as the inventor of the googly (sometimes called the Bosie or, in Australia, the Wrong'un ), born in Bull's Cross, Enfield, Middlesex; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Bosanquet_(cricketer) Wikipedia entry]

'''Bosch''' 
554; the artist

'''Boulanger, General Georges Ernest Jean-Marie (April 29, 1837 – September 30, 1891)''' 
543; anniversary of his suicide and the Chums of Chance; Boulanger was a French general and reactionary politician. Very popular with the military, He rose through the ranks to general, and began his own political movement, an ecclectic one that capitalized on the frustrations of French conservatism, advocating the three principles of ''Revanche'' (Revenge on Germany), ''Révision'' (Revision of the Constitution), ''Restauration'' (the return to monarchy). The common reference to it has become ''Boulangisme'', a term used by its partisans and adversaries alike. A failed coup began his downfall. He was charged with conspiracy and treason and a warrant for his death was issued. He committed suicide by a bullet to the head on the grave of his mistress. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Boulanger Wikipedia entry]

'''Bounce, Roswell''' 
60; photographer; Hypop Apparatus, 425; Scarsdale Vibe trial in Cleveland, 455; Hercules, 455;

'''''boutonniere''''' 
33; A boutonniere, also buttonhole, is a flower or floral decoration pushed or pinned through the button hole of a lapel of a suit.

'''Boyne''' 
231;

'''brambled guttie''' 
603; gutta-percha ball (a golf ball), a brambled spheroid

'''Breedlove, "Dope"''' 
369; "and his Merry Coons" - houseband at Maman Tant Gras Hall in New Orleans;

'''Breguet''' 
457; the tourbillion

'''Briggs, Estrella (Stray)''' 
200; in Nochecita; Aunt Adelina; at a "small ranch outside Fickle Creek" 462; 920-921;

'''Briggs, Willow''' 
361; Stray's sister; husband Holt, 367;

'''British craving for the dark and shiny''' 
678; Perhaps an [[Dark and Shiny|Orwellian reference?]]

'''Brocken''' 
632;

'''Brownian Movement''' 
587;

'''Browning''' 
578; the poet

'''Brueghel''' 
554;

'''Brugere's power''' 
529; Brugere's powder uses '''picric acid''' which, when ignited, burns quietly with a smoky flame and is very difficult to detonate by percussion; its salts, however, are more readily detonated. Part of the picric family, Brugere's powder is a mixture of 54 parts of ammonium picrate and 45 parts of saltpetre; '''Designolle's powder''', composed of potassium picrate, saltpetre and charcoal is also a member of this family of explosives. [[Picric Acid|More on picric acid]]

'''Bruno''' 
101; Scarsdale Vibe's bodyguard

'''buck-and-wing artist''' 
303; "buck-and-wing" is a solo tap dance emphasizing sharp taps

'''Buffalo Bill''' 
[[ATD-C#buffalo|See Cody, Buffalo Bill]]

'''Burchell, Mrs.''' 
228; medium at Stead séance; her "prophetic account of the Serbian outrage" 719;

'''Burgess''' 
a sheriff Reef argues with; Laureen, his wife;

'''Buri''' 
142; "grandfather of Odin and the first gods"

'''Busted Flush''' 
313; Jimmy Drop's hangout in Telluride

'''Byng, Admiral''' 
545;

'''Byron's Pool''' 
490; where Yashmeen bathed nude;

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

B

2006-11-30T09:08:24Z

Torerye:

'''Bagdad Railway Concession''' 
228; In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire planned to construct a Baghdad Railway under German control. It became a source of international tension and played some role in the origins of the First World War; 238; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Railway Wikipedia entry]

'''Baku''' 
441; Located on the Caspian Sea, Baku or Baky (Baki), capital and largest city of Azerbaijan. Since 1873 an oil belt of Baku began to be formed which was known as a Black City. Within a short period of time departments and representations of Swiss, English, French, Belgian, German and American firms were established in Baku, among them were the firms of the Nobels and Rothschilds. By the beginning of the 20th century almost half of the oil reserves in the world had been extracted in Baku; 631; "with skeeters" 639; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku Wikipedia entry]

'''Bakunin, Mikhail (1814-1876)''' 
373; well-known Russian revolutionary, and often considered one of the fathers of modern anarchism; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin Wikipedia entry]

<div id="balaam"></div>'''Balaam's ass''' 
432; From the Bible, Numbers Chapter 22, wherein Balaam, a seer and Gentile, is sent by Balak, King of Moab, to confront the Israelites who, after 40 years in the desert, were camped on the plains of Moab. An angel, invisible to Balaam but visible to the ass, blocks the road and the ass won't proceed. Balaam repeatedly whips the ass until, by divine intervention, the ass is given the power of speech and speaks to Balaam, asking him why he treats him so badly. Balaam is taken aback and then sees the angel with sword drawn and falls to the ground, contrite. But the angel, instead of stopping him from his journey, tells Balaam to proceed on his mission. When Balaam reaches the top of a hill and sees the Israelites camped out below, a blessing unexpectedly issues from his lips. Two things here: 1) it's possible for a non-Hebrew to be a prophet and 2) this is one of only two instances in the Bible where animals speak, the other being the serpent in the Garden of Eden. [http://www.trivia-library.com/a/origins-of-the-term-balaam-ass.htm More from the Trivia Library]

'''Balkin ''komitadji''''' 
557; Komitadji, Comitadji or Komitaji (Turkish: Komitacı, "a rebel, member of a secret revolutionary society") is a member of a guerrilla band in Macedonia or the Balkan countries.

'''Ball in Hand''' 
405; saloon where Dr. Zoot met Meatman; on West Symmes Street, 410;

'''Basnight, Lewis ("Lew")''' 
36-51; a "spotter" from White City Investigations; Upstate-Downstate Beast, 37; "a keen sympathy for the invisible" 43; "the side of the day" 44; transfer to Denver, 51; 171; Cryptomite trip, 182; emergence out of explosion, 221; 496; at Chunxton Crescent "Gus Swallowfield, Senior Underwriter" 611;

'''Basnight, Troth''' 
38; Lew's wife, who leaves him;

'''Battle of Puebla''' 
315; The Battle of Puebla took place on May 5, 1862 near the city of Puebla, Mexico, during the French intervention in Mexico. It was a major Mexican victory, and is commemorated every year as Cinco de Mayo; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Puebla Wikipedia entry]

'''Bauer, Grünewald''' 
136;

'''Beaufort Scale''' 
15; a scale to measure wind speed; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale Wikipedia entry]

'''Beaver Saloon''' 
193;

'''"Beavers of the Brain"''' 
183; song by the beings inhabiting Lew Basright's steak

'''Becker, Mr.''' 
1076; Jesse Traverse's school teacher, and possibly his future father-in-law; see the [[Traverse Family Tree]]

'''Belgian nihilists''' 
527; "Eugénie, Fatou, Denis, and Policarpe, styling themselves 'Young Congo'"

'''Beppo''' 
576; Dally's alter-ego; Beppo is the subject of the poem "Beppo" by Lord Byron; [[Beppo|Read the poem]]

'''Berlin Conference of 1878''' 
226; The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the European Great Powers' and the Ottoman Empire's leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. In the wake of the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78, the meeting's aim was to reorganize conditions in the Balkans. Otto von Bismarck, who led the Congress, undertook to balance the distinct interests of Great Britain, Russia and Austria-Hungary. As a consequence, however, differences between Russia and Austria-Hungary intensified, as did the nationality question in the Balkans; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin Wikipedia entry]

'''Bible''' 
86; Second Corinthians, 32; 223; St. Mark, 250; "Let there be light" 354; Judas Iscariot, 377; 413; [[#balaam|Balaam's ass]], 432; Sodom and Gomorrah, 441; 441; 452; Jonah and Agadir, 521; Judas Priest, 525; Lot's wife, 550; Lucifer, 575; Infancy Gospel of Thomas, 579; Pentacost story from Acts of the Apostles (Jesus and the dyes), 579-80;

'''Big Billy's''' 
260;

[[Image:Billy-the-Kid.jpg|thumb|Billy the Kid, painting by Jacques Moitoret|right]]'''Billy the Kid (1859-1881)''' 
263; Henry McCarty, better known as Billy the Kid, but also known by the aliases Henry Antrim and William Harrison Bonney, was a 19th century American frontier outlaw and gunmen who was a participant in the Lincoln County War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_the_Kid Wikipedia entry]

'''bilocation''' 
143; the ability (said of certain Roman Catholic saints) to exist simultaneously in two locations; "there are two distinct versions of 'Asia' out there" 249; Estrella, double of Stray Briggs, 393; Chums of Chance and the Marching Academy Harmonica Band, 418-24; "enough to divide a fellow into two" 464; two Agadirs, 521-22; ''Stupendica'', 514; Dally, 524; doubling, 564; multiple identities, 570; sawed-in-half folks, 571-72; Principessa Spongiatosta, 583; Werfner/Renfrew, 683, 685; Orphic and Pythagorean religionns, 686; Lew Basright, 688, 690; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilocation Wikipedia entry]

'''Bindlestiffs of the Blue A.C.''' 
18; aeronautical club from Oregon ("A.C." for alternating current?); a bindelstiff is a hobo, especially one who carries a bedroll.

'''Bing, Liu''' 
345; "tong warrior's girlfriend"

'''Biometric Institute of Neuropathy''' 
433;

'''Black Gang''' 
517; the stokers; 519;

'''Black Hundreds''' 
595; pogrom

'''Black, Miss Penelope ("Penny")''' 
18; distaff member of the Bindlestiffs of the Blue A.C.

'''Blanca, La''' 
287; "local name" for [[ATD-M#meldrum|Bob Meldrum's]] wife;

'''Blaskó, Béla''' 
915; the original name of the Hungarian actor Bela Lugosi (1882-1956) whose most famous role was that of Dracula

'''Blavatsky, Madame''' (1831-1891) 
219; Helena Petrovna Hahn (also Hélène), better known as Helena Blavatsky (Russian: Елена Блаватская) or Madame Blavatsky, born Helena von Hahn, was a founder of the Theosophical Society; "working for the Tsarist secret service" aka Third Section, aka Okhrana, 631; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Blavatsky Wikipedia entry]

'''Blitz Instruments''' 
53; Blitz is a manufacturer of musical instruments and accessories

'''Bloggins''' 
446;

'''Blope, Dr. Templeton''' 
131; of the University of the Outer Hebrides

'''Blue Ivory''' 
125;

'''Blundell, Miles''' 
4; Handyman Apprentice aboard the ''Inconvenience''; 107; nonsense speaking, 110-13; the Book, 251; 417; "temporarily lapsing into English" 427; recognizes the Trespassers, Mr. Ace, 417; "extra-temporal excursions" 443; and Pugnax, 550; "prefiguration of the Holy City" 551;

'''Bly, Nellie (1864-1922)''' 
37; Born May 5, 1864, to Judge Michael Cochran and Mary Jane Kennedy Cochran, part of the large Cochran family of Apollo, Pennsylvania, Elizabeth Jane Cochrane revolutionized journalism for women. She is better known by her pen name, "Nellie Bly," which she adapted from the Stephen Foster song, "Nelly Bly." Daring and innovative, she gained world fame when she beat Jules Verne's fictional character Phileas Fogg's record for traveling around the world in 80 days by more than a week, departing on November 14, 1889 and returning to New York on January 25, 1890; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Bly Wikipedia entry]

'''Bobrikoff, General''' 
83; "evil viceroy" of Russian Tsar

'''Bodine, O. I. C. (Officer in Charge)''' 
517; American stoker aboard the ''Stupendica''; 519;

'''Bohr, Niels (Henrik David) (1885-1962)''' 
412; Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics. Bohr is widely considered one of the greatest physicists of the twentieth century. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr Wikipedia entry]

'''Boilster, Eugene''' 
477; sheriff of Wall o' Death;

'''Boilster, Tace''' 
479; Eugene's wife;

'''Boilster, Roy Mickey''' 
480; Tace's brother;

'''Boilster, Chloe''' 
485; Eugene's & Tace's daughter

'''Boll Weevil Lounge''' 
47;

'''''Bol'shaia Igra''''' 
122; Padzhy's ship, at the North Pole; in Venice, 245;

'''Boltzmann, Ludwig''' 
596;

'''Bonnet, Charles (1720-1793)''' 
307; Swiss naturalist and philosophical writer who first described what became known as the Charles Bonnet syndrome (or CBS for short), a term used to describe the situation when people with sight problems start to see things which they know aren't real. Sometimes called visual hallucinations, the things people see can take all kinds of forms from simple patterns of straight lines to detailed -pictures of people or buildings. These can be enjoyable or sometimes upsetting; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bonnet Wikipedia entry]

'''Boot Hill''' 
648;

Bopfli 
669; 670;

'''Borrasca''' 
364; Reef's colt;

'''Borowicz, Professor Bogoslaw''' 
343; at McVeety's Theater "Floor Shows"

'''Bosanquet, Bernard James Tindal (1877-1936)''' 
237; "this Middlesex spinner"; an English cricketer, perhaps most renowned as the inventor of the googly (sometimes called the Bosie or, in Australia, the Wrong'un ), born in Bull's Cross, Enfield, Middlesex; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Bosanquet_(cricketer) Wikipedia entry]

'''Bosch''' 
554; the artist

'''Boulanger, General Georges Ernest Jean-Marie (April 29, 1837 – September 30, 1891)''' 
543; anniversary of his suicide and the Chums of Chance; Boulanger was a French general and reactionary politician. Very popular with the military, He rose through the ranks to general, and began his own political movement, an ecclectic one that capitalized on the frustrations of French conservatism, advocating the three principles of ''Revanche'' (Revenge on Germany), ''Révision'' (Revision of the Constitution), ''Restauration'' (the return to monarchy). The common reference to it has become ''Boulangisme'', a term used by its partisans and adversaries alike. A failed coup began his downfall. He was charged with conspiracy and treason and a warrant for his death was issued. He committed suicide by a bullet to the head on the grave of his mistress. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Boulanger Wikipedia entry]

'''Bounce, Roswell''' 
60; photographer; Hypop Apparatus, 425; Scarsdale Vibe trial in Cleveland, 455; Hercules, 455;

'''''boutonniere''''' 
33; A boutonniere, also buttonhole, is a flower or floral decoration pushed or pinned through the button hole of a lapel of a suit.

'''Boyne''' 
231;

'''brambled guttie''' 
603; gutta-percha ball (a golf ball), a brambled spheroid

'''Breedlove, "Dope"''' 
369; "and his Merry Coons" - houseband at Maman Tant Gras Hall in New Orleans;

'''Breguet''' 
457; the tourbillion

'''Briggs, Estrella (Stray)''' 
200; in Nochecita; Aunt Adelina; at a "small ranch outside Fickle Creek" 462; 920-921;

'''Briggs, Willow''' 
361; Stray's sister; husband Holt, 367;

'''British craving for the dark and shiny''' 
678; Perhaps an [[Dark and Shiny|Orwellian reference?]]

'''Brocken''' 
632;

'''Brownian Movement''' 
587;

'''Browning''' 
578; the poet

'''Brueghel''' 
554;

'''Brugere's power''' 
529; Brugere's powder uses '''picric acid''' which, when ignited, burns quietly with a smoky flame and is very difficult to detonate by percussion; its salts, however, are more readily detonated. Part of the picric family, Brugere's powder is a mixture of 54 parts of ammonium picrate and 45 parts of saltpetre; '''Designolle's powder''', composed of potassium picrate, saltpetre and charcoal is also a member of this family of explosives. [[Picric Acid|More on picric acid]]

'''Bruno''' 
101; Scarsdale Vibe's bodyguard

'''buck-and-wing artist''' 
303; "buck-and-wing" is a solo tap dance emphasizing sharp taps

'''Buffalo Bill''' 
[[ATD-C#buffalo|See Cody, Buffalo Bill]]

'''Burchell, Mrs.''' 
228; medium at Stead séance; her "prophetic account of the Serbian outrage" 719;

'''Burgess''' 
a sheriff Reef argues with; Laureen, his wife;

'''Buri''' 
142; "grandfather of Odin and the first gods"

'''Busted Flush''' 
313; Jimmy Drop's hangout in Telluride

'''Byng, Admiral''' 
545;

'''Byron's Pool''' 
490; where Yashmeen bathed nude;

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

B

2006-11-30T09:07:07Z

Torerye:

'''Bagdad Railway Concession''' 
228; In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire planned to construct a Baghdad Railway under German control. It became a source of international tension and played some role in the origins of the First World War; 238; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Railway Wikipedia entry]

'''Baku''' 
441; Located on the Caspian Sea, Baku or Baky (Baki), capital and largest city of Azerbaijan. Since 1873 an oil belt of Baku began to be formed which was known as a Black City. Within a short period of time departments and representations of Swiss, English, French, Belgian, German and American firms were established in Baku, among them were the firms of the Nobels and Rothschilds. By the beginning of the 20th century almost half of the oil reserves in the world had been extracted in Baku; 631; "with skeeters" 639; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku Wikipedia entry]

'''Bakunin, Mikhail (1814-1876)''' 
373; well-known Russian revolutionary, and often considered one of the fathers of modern anarchism; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin Wikipedia entry]

<div id="balaam"></div>'''Balaam's ass''' 
432; From the Bible, Numbers Chapter 22, wherein Balaam, a seer and Gentile, is sent by Balak, King of Moab, to confront the Israelites who, after 40 years in the desert, were camped on the plains of Moab. An angel, invisible to Balaam but visible to the ass, blocks the road and the ass won't proceed. Balaam repeatedly whips the ass until, by divine intervention, the ass is given the power of speech and speaks to Balaam, asking him why he treats him so badly. Balaam is taken aback and then sees the angel with sword drawn and falls to the ground, contrite. But the angel, instead of stopping him from his journey, tells Balaam to proceed on his mission. When Balaam reaches the top of a hill and sees the Israelites camped out below, a blessing unexpectedly issues from his lips. Two things here: 1) it's possible for a non-Hebrew to be a prophet and 2) this is one of only two instances in the Bible where animals speak, the other being the serpent in the Garden of Eden. [http://www.trivia-library.com/a/origins-of-the-term-balaam-ass.htm More from the Trivia Library]

'''Balkin ''komitadji''''' 
557; Komitadji, Comitadji or Komitaji (Turkish: Komitacı, "a rebel, member of a secret revolutionary society") is a member of a guerrilla band in Macedonia or the Balkan countries.

'''Ball in Hand''' 
405; saloon where Dr. Zoot met Meatman; on West Symmes Street, 410;

'''Basnight, Lewis ("Lew")''' 
36-51; a "spotter" from White City Investigations; Upstate-Downstate Beast, 37; "a keen sympathy for the invisible" 43; "the side of the day" 44; transfer to Denver, 51; 171; Cryptomite trip, 182; emergence out of explosion, 221; 496; at Chunxton Crescent "Gus Swallowfield, Senior Underwriter" 611;

'''Basnight, Troth''' 
38; Lew's wife, who leaves him;

'''Battle of Puebla''' 
315; The Battle of Puebla took place on May 5, 1862 near the city of Puebla, Mexico, during the French intervention in Mexico. It was a major Mexican victory, and is commemorated every year as Cinco de Mayo; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Puebla Wikipedia entry]

'''Bauer, Grünewald''' 
136;

'''Beaufort Scale''' 
15; a scale to measure wind speed; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale Wikipedia entry]

'''Beaver Saloon''' 
193;

'''"Beavers of the Brain"''' 
183; song by the beings inhabiting Lew Basright's steak

'''Becker, Mr.''' 
1076; Jesse Traverse's school teacher, and possibly his future father-in-law; see the [[Traverse Family Tree]]

'''Belgian nihilists''' 
527; "Eug&eacutenie, Fatou, Denis, and Policarpe, styling themselves 'Young Congo'"

'''Beppo''' 
576; Dally's alter-ego; Beppo is the subject of the poem "Beppo" by Lord Byron; [[Beppo|Read the poem]]

'''Berlin Conference of 1878''' 
226; The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the European Great Powers' and the Ottoman Empire's leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. In the wake of the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78, the meeting's aim was to reorganize conditions in the Balkans. Otto von Bismarck, who led the Congress, undertook to balance the distinct interests of Great Britain, Russia and Austria-Hungary. As a consequence, however, differences between Russia and Austria-Hungary intensified, as did the nationality question in the Balkans; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin Wikipedia entry]

'''Bible''' 
86; Second Corinthians, 32; 223; St. Mark, 250; "Let there be light" 354; Judas Iscariot, 377; 413; [[#balaam|Balaam's ass]], 432; Sodom and Gomorrah, 441; 441; 452; Jonah and Agadir, 521; Judas Priest, 525; Lot's wife, 550; Lucifer, 575; Infancy Gospel of Thomas, 579; Pentacost story from Acts of the Apostles (Jesus and the dyes), 579-80;

'''Big Billy's''' 
260;

[[Image:Billy-the-Kid.jpg|thumb|Billy the Kid, painting by Jacques Moitoret|right]]'''Billy the Kid (1859-1881)''' 
263; Henry McCarty, better known as Billy the Kid, but also known by the aliases Henry Antrim and William Harrison Bonney, was a 19th century American frontier outlaw and gunmen who was a participant in the Lincoln County War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_the_Kid Wikipedia entry]

'''bilocation''' 
143; the ability (said of certain Roman Catholic saints) to exist simultaneously in two locations; "there are two distinct versions of 'Asia' out there" 249; Estrella, double of Stray Briggs, 393; Chums of Chance and the Marching Academy Harmonica Band, 418-24; "enough to divide a fellow into two" 464; two Agadirs, 521-22; ''Stupendica'', 514; Dally, 524; doubling, 564; multiple identities, 570; sawed-in-half folks, 571-72; Principessa Spongiatosta, 583; Werfner/Renfrew, 683, 685; Orphic and Pythagorean religionns, 686; Lew Basright, 688, 690; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilocation Wikipedia entry]

'''Bindlestiffs of the Blue A.C.''' 
18; aeronautical club from Oregon ("A.C." for alternating current?); a bindelstiff is a hobo, especially one who carries a bedroll.

'''Bing, Liu''' 
345; "tong warrior's girlfriend"

'''Biometric Institute of Neuropathy''' 
433;

'''Black Gang''' 
517; the stokers; 519;

'''Black Hundreds''' 
595; pogrom

'''Black, Miss Penelope ("Penny")''' 
18; distaff member of the Bindlestiffs of the Blue A.C.

'''Blanca, La''' 
287; "local name" for [[ATD-M#meldrum|Bob Meldrum's]] wife;

'''Blaskó, Béla''' 
915; the original name of the Hungarian actor Bela Lugosi (1882-1956) whose most famous role was that of Dracula

'''Blavatsky, Madame''' (1831-1891) 
219; Helena Petrovna Hahn (also Hélène), better known as Helena Blavatsky (Russian: Елена Блаватская) or Madame Blavatsky, born Helena von Hahn, was a founder of the Theosophical Society; "working for the Tsarist secret service" aka Third Section, aka Okhrana, 631; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Blavatsky Wikipedia entry]

'''Blitz Instruments''' 
53; Blitz is a manufacturer of musical instruments and accessories

'''Bloggins''' 
446;

'''Blope, Dr. Templeton''' 
131; of the University of the Outer Hebrides

'''Blue Ivory''' 
125;

'''Blundell, Miles''' 
4; Handyman Apprentice aboard the ''Inconvenience''; 107; nonsense speaking, 110-13; the Book, 251; 417; "temporarily lapsing into English" 427; recognizes the Trespassers, Mr. Ace, 417; "extra-temporal excursions" 443; and Pugnax, 550; "prefiguration of the Holy City" 551;

'''Bly, Nellie (1864-1922)''' 
37; Born May 5, 1864, to Judge Michael Cochran and Mary Jane Kennedy Cochran, part of the large Cochran family of Apollo, Pennsylvania, Elizabeth Jane Cochrane revolutionized journalism for women. She is better known by her pen name, "Nellie Bly," which she adapted from the Stephen Foster song, "Nelly Bly." Daring and innovative, she gained world fame when she beat Jules Verne's fictional character Phileas Fogg's record for traveling around the world in 80 days by more than a week, departing on November 14, 1889 and returning to New York on January 25, 1890; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Bly Wikipedia entry]

'''Bobrikoff, General''' 
83; "evil viceroy" of Russian Tsar

'''Bodine, O. I. C. (Officer in Charge)''' 
517; American stoker aboard the ''Stupendica''; 519;

'''Bohr, Niels (Henrik David) (1885-1962)''' 
412; Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics. Bohr is widely considered one of the greatest physicists of the twentieth century. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr Wikipedia entry]

'''Boilster, Eugene''' 
477; sheriff of Wall o' Death;

'''Boilster, Tace''' 
479; Eugene's wife;

'''Boilster, Roy Mickey''' 
480; Tace's brother;

'''Boilster, Chloe''' 
485; Eugene's & Tace's daughter

'''Boll Weevil Lounge''' 
47;

'''''Bol'shaia Igra''''' 
122; Padzhy's ship, at the North Pole; in Venice, 245;

'''Boltzmann, Ludwig''' 
596;

'''Bonnet, Charles (1720-1793)''' 
307; Swiss naturalist and philosophical writer who first described what became known as the Charles Bonnet syndrome (or CBS for short), a term used to describe the situation when people with sight problems start to see things which they know aren't real. Sometimes called visual hallucinations, the things people see can take all kinds of forms from simple patterns of straight lines to detailed -pictures of people or buildings. These can be enjoyable or sometimes upsetting; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bonnet Wikipedia entry]

'''Boot Hill''' 
648;

Bopfli 
669; 670;

'''Borrasca''' 
364; Reef's colt;

'''Borowicz, Professor Bogoslaw''' 
343; at McVeety's Theater "Floor Shows"

'''Bosanquet, Bernard James Tindal (1877-1936)''' 
237; "this Middlesex spinner"; an English cricketer, perhaps most renowned as the inventor of the googly (sometimes called the Bosie or, in Australia, the Wrong'un ), born in Bull's Cross, Enfield, Middlesex; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Bosanquet_(cricketer) Wikipedia entry]

'''Bosch''' 
554; the artist

'''Boulanger, General Georges Ernest Jean-Marie (April 29, 1837 – September 30, 1891)''' 
543; anniversary of his suicide and the Chums of Chance; Boulanger was a French general and reactionary politician. Very popular with the military, He rose through the ranks to general, and began his own political movement, an ecclectic one that capitalized on the frustrations of French conservatism, advocating the three principles of ''Revanche'' (Revenge on Germany), ''Révision'' (Revision of the Constitution), ''Restauration'' (the return to monarchy). The common reference to it has become ''Boulangisme'', a term used by its partisans and adversaries alike. A failed coup began his downfall. He was charged with conspiracy and treason and a warrant for his death was issued. He committed suicide by a bullet to the head on the grave of his mistress. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Boulanger Wikipedia entry]

'''Bounce, Roswell''' 
60; photographer; Hypop Apparatus, 425; Scarsdale Vibe trial in Cleveland, 455; Hercules, 455;

'''''boutonniere''''' 
33; A boutonniere, also buttonhole, is a flower or floral decoration pushed or pinned through the button hole of a lapel of a suit.

'''Boyne''' 
231;

'''brambled guttie''' 
603; gutta-percha ball (a golf ball), a brambled spheroid

'''Breedlove, "Dope"''' 
369; "and his Merry Coons" - houseband at Maman Tant Gras Hall in New Orleans;

'''Breguet''' 
457; the tourbillion

'''Briggs, Estrella (Stray)''' 
200; in Nochecita; Aunt Adelina; at a "small ranch outside Fickle Creek" 462; 920-921;

'''Briggs, Willow''' 
361; Stray's sister; husband Holt, 367;

'''British craving for the dark and shiny''' 
678; Perhaps an [[Dark and Shiny|Orwellian reference?]]

'''Brocken''' 
632;

'''Brownian Movement''' 
587;

'''Browning''' 
578; the poet

'''Brueghel''' 
554;

'''Brugere's power''' 
529; Brugere's powder uses '''picric acid''' which, when ignited, burns quietly with a smoky flame and is very difficult to detonate by percussion; its salts, however, are more readily detonated. Part of the picric family, Brugere's powder is a mixture of 54 parts of ammonium picrate and 45 parts of saltpetre; '''Designolle's powder''', composed of potassium picrate, saltpetre and charcoal is also a member of this family of explosives. [[Picric Acid|More on picric acid]]

'''Bruno''' 
101; Scarsdale Vibe's bodyguard

'''buck-and-wing artist''' 
303; "buck-and-wing" is a solo tap dance emphasizing sharp taps

'''Buffalo Bill''' 
[[ATD-C#buffalo|See Cody, Buffalo Bill]]

'''Burchell, Mrs.''' 
228; medium at Stead séance; her "prophetic account of the Serbian outrage" 719;

'''Burgess''' 
a sheriff Reef argues with; Laureen, his wife;

'''Buri''' 
142; "grandfather of Odin and the first gods"

'''Busted Flush''' 
313; Jimmy Drop's hangout in Telluride

'''Byng, Admiral''' 
545;

'''Byron's Pool''' 
490; where Yashmeen bathed nude;

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

B

2006-11-30T09:05:18Z

Torerye:

'''Bagdad Railway Concession''' 
228; In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire planned to construct a Baghdad Railway under German control. It became a source of international tension and played some role in the origins of the First World War; 238; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Railway Wikipedia entry]

'''Baku''' 
441; Located on the Caspian Sea, Baku or Baky (Baki), capital and largest city of Azerbaijan. Since 1873 an oil belt of Baku began to be formed which was known as a Black City. Within a short period of time departments and representations of Swiss, English, French, Belgian, German and American firms were established in Baku, among them were the firms of the Nobels and Rothschilds. By the beginning of the 20th century almost half of the oil reserves in the world had been extracted in Baku; 631; "with skeeters" 639; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku Wikipedia entry]

'''Bakunin, Mikhail (1814-1876)''' 
373; well-known Russian revolutionary, and often considered one of the fathers of modern anarchism; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin Wikipedia entry]

<div id="balaam"></div>'''Balaam's ass''' 
432; From the Bible, Numbers Chapter 22, wherein Balaam, a seer and Gentile, is sent by Balak, King of Moab, to confront the Israelites who, after 40 years in the desert, were camped on the plains of Moab. An angel, invisible to Balaam but visible to the ass, blocks the road and the ass won't proceed. Balaam repeatedly whips the ass until, by divine intervention, the ass is given the power of speech and speaks to Balaam, asking him why he treats him so badly. Balaam is taken aback and then sees the angel with sword drawn and falls to the ground, contrite. But the angel, instead of stopping him from his journey, tells Balaam to proceed on his mission. When Balaam reaches the top of a hill and sees the Israelites camped out below, a blessing unexpectedly issues from his lips. Two things here: 1) it's possible for a non-Hebrew to be a prophet and 2) this is one of only two instances in the Bible where animals speak, the other being the serpent in the Garden of Eden. [http://www.trivia-library.com/a/origins-of-the-term-balaam-ass.htm More from the Trivia Library]

'''Balkin ''komitadji''''' 
557; Komitadji, Comitadji or Komitaji (Turkish: Komitacı, "a rebel, member of a secret revolutionary society") is a member of a guerrilla band in Macedonia or the Balkan countries.

'''Ball in Hand''' 
405; saloon where Dr. Zoot met Meatman; on West Symmes Street, 410;

'''Basnight, Lewis ("Lew")''' 
36-51; a "spotter" from White City Investigations; Upstate-Downstate Beast, 37; "a keen sympathy for the invisible" 43; "the side of the day" 44; transfer to Denver, 51; 171; Cryptomite trip, 182; emergence out of explosion, 221; 496; at Chunxton Crescent "Gus Swallowfield, Senior Underwriter" 611;

'''Basnight, Troth''' 
38; Lew's wife, who leaves him;

'''Battle of Puebla''' 
315; The Battle of Puebla took place on May 5, 1862 near the city of Puebla, Mexico, during the French intervention in Mexico. It was a major Mexican victory, and is commemorated every year as Cinco de Mayo; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Puebla Wikipedia entry]

'''Bauer, Grünewald''' 
136;

'''Beaufort Scale''' 
15; a scale to measure wind speed; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale Wikipedia entry]

'''Beaver Saloon''' 
193;

'''"Beavers of the Brain"''' 
183; song by the beings inhabiting Lew Basright's steak

'''Becker, Mr.''' 
1076; Jesse Traverse's school teacher, and possibly his future father-in-law (see the Traverse family tree)

'''Belgian nihilists''' 
527; "Eug&eacutenie, Fatou, Denis, and Policarpe, styling themselves 'Young Congo'"

'''Beppo''' 
576; Dally's alter-ego; Beppo is the subject of the poem "Beppo" by Lord Byron; [[Beppo|Read the poem]]

'''Berlin Conference of 1878''' 
226; The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the European Great Powers' and the Ottoman Empire's leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. In the wake of the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78, the meeting's aim was to reorganize conditions in the Balkans. Otto von Bismarck, who led the Congress, undertook to balance the distinct interests of Great Britain, Russia and Austria-Hungary. As a consequence, however, differences between Russia and Austria-Hungary intensified, as did the nationality question in the Balkans; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin Wikipedia entry]

'''Bible''' 
86; Second Corinthians, 32; 223; St. Mark, 250; "Let there be light" 354; Judas Iscariot, 377; 413; [[#balaam|Balaam's ass]], 432; Sodom and Gomorrah, 441; 441; 452; Jonah and Agadir, 521; Judas Priest, 525; Lot's wife, 550; Lucifer, 575; Infancy Gospel of Thomas, 579; Pentacost story from Acts of the Apostles (Jesus and the dyes), 579-80;

'''Big Billy's''' 
260;

[[Image:Billy-the-Kid.jpg|thumb|Billy the Kid, painting by Jacques Moitoret|right]]'''Billy the Kid (1859-1881)''' 
263; Henry McCarty, better known as Billy the Kid, but also known by the aliases Henry Antrim and William Harrison Bonney, was a 19th century American frontier outlaw and gunmen who was a participant in the Lincoln County War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_the_Kid Wikipedia entry]

'''bilocation''' 
143; the ability (said of certain Roman Catholic saints) to exist simultaneously in two locations; "there are two distinct versions of 'Asia' out there" 249; Estrella, double of Stray Briggs, 393; Chums of Chance and the Marching Academy Harmonica Band, 418-24; "enough to divide a fellow into two" 464; two Agadirs, 521-22; ''Stupendica'', 514; Dally, 524; doubling, 564; multiple identities, 570; sawed-in-half folks, 571-72; Principessa Spongiatosta, 583; Werfner/Renfrew, 683, 685; Orphic and Pythagorean religionns, 686; Lew Basright, 688, 690; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilocation Wikipedia entry]

'''Bindlestiffs of the Blue A.C.''' 
18; aeronautical club from Oregon ("A.C." for alternating current?); a bindelstiff is a hobo, especially one who carries a bedroll.

'''Bing, Liu''' 
345; "tong warrior's girlfriend"

'''Biometric Institute of Neuropathy''' 
433;

'''Black Gang''' 
517; the stokers; 519;

'''Black Hundreds''' 
595; pogrom

'''Black, Miss Penelope ("Penny")''' 
18; distaff member of the Bindlestiffs of the Blue A.C.

'''Blanca, La''' 
287; "local name" for [[ATD-M#meldrum|Bob Meldrum's]] wife;

'''Blaskó, Béla''' 
915; the original name of the Hungarian actor Bela Lugosi (1882-1956) whose most famous role was that of Dracula

'''Blavatsky, Madame''' (1831-1891) 
219; Helena Petrovna Hahn (also Hélène), better known as Helena Blavatsky (Russian: Елена Блаватская) or Madame Blavatsky, born Helena von Hahn, was a founder of the Theosophical Society; "working for the Tsarist secret service" aka Third Section, aka Okhrana, 631; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Blavatsky Wikipedia entry]

'''Blitz Instruments''' 
53; Blitz is a manufacturer of musical instruments and accessories

'''Bloggins''' 
446;

'''Blope, Dr. Templeton''' 
131; of the University of the Outer Hebrides

'''Blue Ivory''' 
125;

'''Blundell, Miles''' 
4; Handyman Apprentice aboard the ''Inconvenience''; 107; nonsense speaking, 110-13; the Book, 251; 417; "temporarily lapsing into English" 427; recognizes the Trespassers, Mr. Ace, 417; "extra-temporal excursions" 443; and Pugnax, 550; "prefiguration of the Holy City" 551;

'''Bly, Nellie (1864-1922)''' 
37; Born May 5, 1864, to Judge Michael Cochran and Mary Jane Kennedy Cochran, part of the large Cochran family of Apollo, Pennsylvania, Elizabeth Jane Cochrane revolutionized journalism for women. She is better known by her pen name, "Nellie Bly," which she adapted from the Stephen Foster song, "Nelly Bly." Daring and innovative, she gained world fame when she beat Jules Verne's fictional character Phileas Fogg's record for traveling around the world in 80 days by more than a week, departing on November 14, 1889 and returning to New York on January 25, 1890; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Bly Wikipedia entry]

'''Bobrikoff, General''' 
83; "evil viceroy" of Russian Tsar

'''Bodine, O. I. C. (Officer in Charge)''' 
517; American stoker aboard the ''Stupendica''; 519;

'''Bohr, Niels (Henrik David) (1885-1962)''' 
412; Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics. Bohr is widely considered one of the greatest physicists of the twentieth century. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr Wikipedia entry]

'''Boilster, Eugene''' 
477; sheriff of Wall o' Death;

'''Boilster, Tace''' 
479; Eugene's wife;

'''Boilster, Roy Mickey''' 
480; Tace's brother;

'''Boilster, Chloe''' 
485; Eugene's & Tace's daughter

'''Boll Weevil Lounge''' 
47;

'''''Bol'shaia Igra''''' 
122; Padzhy's ship, at the North Pole; in Venice, 245;

'''Boltzmann, Ludwig''' 
596;

'''Bonnet, Charles (1720-1793)''' 
307; Swiss naturalist and philosophical writer who first described what became known as the Charles Bonnet syndrome (or CBS for short), a term used to describe the situation when people with sight problems start to see things which they know aren't real. Sometimes called visual hallucinations, the things people see can take all kinds of forms from simple patterns of straight lines to detailed -pictures of people or buildings. These can be enjoyable or sometimes upsetting; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bonnet Wikipedia entry]

'''Boot Hill''' 
648;

Bopfli 
669; 670;

'''Borrasca''' 
364; Reef's colt;

'''Borowicz, Professor Bogoslaw''' 
343; at McVeety's Theater "Floor Shows"

'''Bosanquet, Bernard James Tindal (1877-1936)''' 
237; "this Middlesex spinner"; an English cricketer, perhaps most renowned as the inventor of the googly (sometimes called the Bosie or, in Australia, the Wrong'un ), born in Bull's Cross, Enfield, Middlesex; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Bosanquet_(cricketer) Wikipedia entry]

'''Bosch''' 
554; the artist

'''Boulanger, General Georges Ernest Jean-Marie (April 29, 1837 – September 30, 1891)''' 
543; anniversary of his suicide and the Chums of Chance; Boulanger was a French general and reactionary politician. Very popular with the military, He rose through the ranks to general, and began his own political movement, an ecclectic one that capitalized on the frustrations of French conservatism, advocating the three principles of ''Revanche'' (Revenge on Germany), ''Révision'' (Revision of the Constitution), ''Restauration'' (the return to monarchy). The common reference to it has become ''Boulangisme'', a term used by its partisans and adversaries alike. A failed coup began his downfall. He was charged with conspiracy and treason and a warrant for his death was issued. He committed suicide by a bullet to the head on the grave of his mistress. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Boulanger Wikipedia entry]

'''Bounce, Roswell''' 
60; photographer; Hypop Apparatus, 425; Scarsdale Vibe trial in Cleveland, 455; Hercules, 455;

'''''boutonniere''''' 
33; A boutonniere, also buttonhole, is a flower or floral decoration pushed or pinned through the button hole of a lapel of a suit.

'''Boyne''' 
231;

'''brambled guttie''' 
603; gutta-percha ball (a golf ball), a brambled spheroid

'''Breedlove, "Dope"''' 
369; "and his Merry Coons" - houseband at Maman Tant Gras Hall in New Orleans;

'''Breguet''' 
457; the tourbillion

'''Briggs, Estrella (Stray)''' 
200; in Nochecita; Aunt Adelina; at a "small ranch outside Fickle Creek" 462; 920-921;

'''Briggs, Willow''' 
361; Stray's sister; husband Holt, 367;

'''British craving for the dark and shiny''' 
678; Perhaps an [[Dark and Shiny|Orwellian reference?]]

'''Brocken''' 
632;

'''Brownian Movement''' 
587;

'''Browning''' 
578; the poet

'''Brueghel''' 
554;

'''Brugere's power''' 
529; Brugere's powder uses '''picric acid''' which, when ignited, burns quietly with a smoky flame and is very difficult to detonate by percussion; its salts, however, are more readily detonated. Part of the picric family, Brugere's powder is a mixture of 54 parts of ammonium picrate and 45 parts of saltpetre; '''Designolle's powder''', composed of potassium picrate, saltpetre and charcoal is also a member of this family of explosives. [[Picric Acid|More on picric acid]]

'''Bruno''' 
101; Scarsdale Vibe's bodyguard

'''buck-and-wing artist''' 
303; "buck-and-wing" is a solo tap dance emphasizing sharp taps

'''Buffalo Bill''' 
[[ATD-C#buffalo|See Cody, Buffalo Bill]]

'''Burchell, Mrs.''' 
228; medium at Stead séance; her "prophetic account of the Serbian outrage" 719;

'''Burgess''' 
a sheriff Reef argues with; Laureen, his wife;

'''Buri''' 
142; "grandfather of Odin and the first gods"

'''Busted Flush''' 
313; Jimmy Drop's hangout in Telluride

'''Byng, Admiral''' 
545;

'''Byron's Pool''' 
490; where Yashmeen bathed nude;

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

T

2006-11-30T09:01:29Z

Torerye:

[[image:Tait.jpg|thumb|P. G. Tait|right]]'''Tait, Peter Guthrie (P. G.) (1831-1901)''' 
324; Scottish mathematician who helped formulate "Knot Theory" (the study of the way a closed curve can be embedded in three dimensional space without intersecting itself. Intuitively, one may "make a knot" by tying a knot in an ordinary piece of string and then fusing together the free ends of the string. Associated with any knot is its knot group which is the fundamental group of the space obtained by removing the knot from the R3 in which it is embedded). He studied at the University of Edinburgh where he studied with [[ATD-M#maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]]. Beginning in 1854, he taught at Queen's College, Belfast. When [[ATD-H#hamilton|Hamilton]] died in 1865, Tait took over the crusade to give quaternions a leading role in mathematical physics. [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Tait.html Biography of P. G. Tait]; [[Tait Discussion|DISCUSSION]]

'''Taklamakan War''' 
444; The Taklamakan (also Taklimakan) is a desert of Central Asia, in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It is known as the largest sand-only desert in the world. Some references fancifully state that Taklamakan means "if you go in, you won't come out"; others state that it means "Desert of Death" or "Place of No Return". "Makan" is a Turkic word meaning "place", of Arabic origin: the word may mean something different if treated as original pre-Islamic native Turkic; It is crossed at its northern and at its southern edge by two branches of the Silk Road; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taklamakan Wikpedia entry]

'''Talking Creatures''' 
Parrot, 385, 387; rabbits, 579; reindeer, 785; dog, 969;

'''Tammanoid''' 
150; creatures, 150; Tammany Hall was the name given to the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in New York City politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall Wikipedia entry]

'''Tancredi, Andrea''' 
584; Anarchist in Venice, and painter; the "infernal machine" 586;

Tancredi is a time-traveling character in ''City of Death'', a four-part serial in the British science fiction television series ''Dr. Who'' which involves time travel and bilocation. Tancredi is the sole survivor of the Jagaroth race, an evil people who destroyed themselves in a war some 400 million years ago. Tancredi explains that a few escaped in a dilapidated spacecraft and found Earth in a primeval, lifeless stage of its development. The ship disintegrated upon takeoff and [[Scaroth]] tells of how he was fractured in time, splinters of his being were scattered across time and space, all identical, none complete. Whereas, in ''City of Death'', Tancredi, one of the Scaroff "splinters" living in Renaissance Italy, is plotting to create multiple Mona Lisa's for fraudulent purposes, ''Against the Day'''s Tancredi is fighting art fraud. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Death Read the synopsis of ''City of Death'']; The name "Andrea" ''could'' be a reference to the protagonist Andrea Marsh, a time-traveler in the 1889 novel, ''Timeless Love'' by Judy Hinson ([[Timeless Love|synopsis]]).

'''Tarahumare Indians''' 
23; Indian tribe of Northern New Mexico, in the Sierra Madres; 388; [[Tarahumare Indians|About the Tarahumare Indians]]

'''Tarot''' 
186; 253; Hanged Man (XII), 605-06; "Number XV, The Devil" 686;

'''Tate, Professor''' 
131; three dimensions

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
655; a stubby cryptid, a rumored animal two to six feet in length, possessing two front legs, while the rest of the body resembles that of a snake. Local folklore says the creature breathes deadly fumes that can kill a person. The creature has been said to exist for hundreds of years in tales of the Alps of Austria, Bavaria and Switzerland; "a snake with paws" 655; speaks, 659; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Wikpedia entry]

'''Tavernier-Gravet slide rules''' 
497; Tavernier-Gravet were preeminent Parisian makers of logarithmic slide rules (an analog computer) in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Originally Lenoir, the firm became Gravet-Lenoir, then Tavernier-Gravet.

'''Tawil Balak''' 
521; bar in Morocco

'''Tears of Job''' 
"sky-pale translucent seeds" 394;

'''Teatro Malibran''' 
355; in Venice

'''Telluric Interior''' 
114;

'''Ten-Day Miner''' 
302; The terms "ten-day miner," "ten-day man," "ten-dayer" and "ten-day stiff" are common names for the "hobo miner," who worked in a camp only long enough to get a roadstake before setting out for the next camp. Such miners are also commonly referred to as "boomers," "ramblers," and "floaters," and less commonly as "grubstakers." An older designation, dating from the early mining history of the West ... is "Overlander." From "The Folklore, Customs, and Traditions of the Butte Miner" by Wayland D. Hand, ''California Folk Quaterly'', Vol. 5, No.1 (Jan 1946), pp.1-25.

'''Tennyson''' 
535;

'''Terapia''' 
570;

'''Teresa''' 
87; girl Webb fancies on his way to Colorado

'''Terrorism''' 
85; "monsters that Did the Deed" 85; innocent victims, 87; "radius of annihilation" 95;

'''Tesla, Dr. Nikola''' (1856-1943) 
33; 97 - "Tesla logged in his diary on July 3, 1899 that a separate resonance transformer tuned to the same high frequency as a larger high-voltage resonance transformer would transceive energy from the larger coil, acting as a transmitter of wireless energy, which was used to confirm Tesla's patent for radio during later disputes in the courts. These air core high-frequency resonate coils were the predecessors of systems from radio to radar and medical magnetic resonance imaging devices." [http://www.crystalinks.com/tesla.html from this nice Tesla page] - This information was later used to confirm his patent for radio which he received posthumously in 1946, 3 years after his death - [http://www.resonanceresearch.com/nikola-tesla-coils-picture-colorado-1899-labratory.htm from this Tesla page]; Kit Traverse working for, 97; 326; tower, 401; 425; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Wikipedia entry]; [[Tesla's_Death_Ray|Read this article about Tesla's Death Ray and the Tunguska Event...]]

'''Tesseract''' 
633; four-dimensional analog of a cube;

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
701; "tall and careworn fuctionary" in Vienna; In Henry James' novel ''The Outcry'', there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting ''Duchess of Waterbridge'' by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna, 705; Cyprian Latewood's "field advisor" 705;

'''Theosophy''' 
630; "A formal definition from the Concise Oxford Dictionary describes Theosophy as 'any of various philosophies professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation; esp. a modern movement following Hindu and Buddhist teachings, and seeking universal brotherhood.' Madame Blavatsky's theosophy would, however, not fall under this definiton, as it is non-theistic." -from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosophy Wikipedia entry]

'''They''' 
410; 483; 719;

'''Thick Bush''' 
8; town where Chick Counterfly was recognized as the son of "Dick" Counterfly

'''Thorn, Ryder''' 
553; "one of the Trespassers" at ukulele workshop; Mr. Ace and "his people" 415; what if they are not benign? 416;

'''Thorvald''' 
453; recurring sentient tornado at Candlebrow;

'''Throyle, Hastings''' 
131; collegial nemesis of T. Blope

'''Thucydides''' 
493; "ancient Greek historian, and the author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BCE. This is widely considered the first work of scientific history, describing the human world as produced by men acting from ordinary motives, without the intervention of the gods." --from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thucydides wikipedia entry]

'''Time''' 
33; 54; 111; colonizing, 131; "at right angles to the flow of" 132; 143; 252, 256; 355; time travel, 398; Nasotemporal Travel, 408; "Chronoclipses, Asimov Transeculars, Tempomorph Q-98s" 409; River of Time, 410; 415; wave functions, 426; "our fate, our lord, our destroyer" 427; 428; conference at Candlebrow, 452; time machine, 453; bazaar of Time, 454; clock-wise/one-way time, 457; and gravity, 457; and ukuleles, 552; time-travel, 577; 602; 612; 616; "future, past, and present <nowiki>[...]</nowiki> all together" 617; 623; 636; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel Wikipedia Time Travel entry]; [[Time in Old Japan|Time in Old Japan]]

[[image:Tintoretto_St-Mark.jpg|thumb|''The Abduction of the Body of St. Mark''|right]]'''Tintoretto (1518-1594)''' 
579; Tintoretto (real name Jacopo Robusti) was one of the greatest painters of the Venetian school and probably the last great painter of the Italian Renaissance; ''Abduction of the Body of St. Mark'', 579; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintoretto Wikipedia entry]

'''Tiny''' 
399; bouncer at Lollipop Lounge;

'''Titian''' 
579;

'''Toadflax, Captain Q. Zane''' 
425; '''Saksaul''' frigate, 434;

'''Toilet Travel''' 
422;

'''tommyknocker''' 
391; Tommyknockers are the spirit creatures of the underground. No one knows exactly when or where these tales began. They were present by medieval times in the area that is now Germany and Austria. Germans call them ''Berggeister'' or ''Bergmännlein'', meaning “mountain ghosts” or “little miners.” They watch over the earth’s precious ores and metals. They look like men, but are two feet tall or less. They wear the traditional miner’s outfit. They are believed to be active in gold, silver, and other metal mines. These spirits can be good or bad, helping or hurting miners. [http://www.blm.gov/heritage/HE_Kids/tommy_knock.htm More BLM info on Tommyknockers]

'''tong war''' 
340; in Chinatown in New York City

'''toroidal dispensation''' 
128;

'''Tonio''' 
581; in Venice, hitting on Dally

'''Tovarishchi Slutchainyi''' 
123; Russian counterparts to the Chums of Chance

[[image:topler-influence-machine.jpg|thumb|Töpler Influence Machine|right]]'''Töpler Influence Machine''' 
58; An electric machine consisting of the combination of two materials, which when rubbed together produce static electricity, and of a third material or object which acts as a collector for the charges. August Joseph Ignaz Töpler (1836-1912) was a German physicist known for his experiments in electrostatics. In 1864 he applied Foucault's knife-edge test for telescope mirrors to the analysis of fluid flow and the shock wave. He developed the Toepler machine, an electrostatic influence machine, in 1865 for use in X-ray photography. Improved versions were produced by Wilhelm Holtz, Roger and J. Robert Voss; [[Töpler influence machine]]

'''Toy, Yup''' 
367; "ice-girl" in Denver

'''Trabants''' 
45; German: ''satellite''; The Trabant was an automobile formerly produced by East German auto maker VEB Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau in Zwickau (today in Saxony). It was the most common vehicle in East Germany, and was also exported to other socialist countries. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabant Wikipedia entry]

'''tragedy at Mayerling''' 
681; refers to the double suicide of Crown Prince Rudolf and his mistress at Mayerling in Austria. [[ATD-R#rudolf|See Rudolf, Archduke, Crown Prince of Austria.]]

'''Traverse family tree''' 
It seems certain that the Traverses of ''Against the Day'' are the progenitors of the Traverses of ''Vineland'', described therein: "These were old, proud and strong union people, surviving in one of the world's worst antinunion environments - spool tenders, zooglers, water bucks and bull punchers [all logging jobs, btw] some had fought in the Everett mill wars, others from the Becker side had personally known [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Hill Joe Hill], and had not mourned, and organized......" [[Traverse Family Tree|More on the Traverse Family Tree...]]

'''Traverse, Cooley''' 
105; Webb's father

'''Traverse, Frank''' 
90; Webb's son; 374; working at Empresas Oustianas, S.A.,376; dreams of a counterpart, 377; 380; shoots Sloat Fresno, 395; in Nochecita, "his own ghost" 461; back in Denver, 465; and Dally, 512; working out of Tampico, Mexico, 637; recurring dream of Webb, 649;

'''Traverse, Jesse''' 
360; son of Reef and Stray (and a character in Vineland); with Willow and Holt, 646; 650;

'''Traverse, Kit''' 
90; Webb's youngest son who goes to Yale; vectorist, 97; 156; at Vibe Corp., 330; on ''Stupendica'' to Germany, and Dally, 510; to Bruges with Pino and Rocco, 562; attacked by Woevre, 563; dueling Günther, 600-01; in the ''Klapsmühle'', 626-27; meets Reef in Switzerland, 664; seance, 671;

'''Traverse, Lake''' 
90; Webb's daughter; and Deuce, 472; Child of the Storm, 487;

'''Traverse, Mayva''' 
480; conversing with animals

'''Traverse, Reef''' 
89; Webb's first-born son; Stray and Reef (now a card sharp) drifting from town to town, 358-61; dynamiting, 361; in Denver, 367; seen in New Orleans by W.T. Rooney, 646; with Flaco in Austria, 652;

'''Traverse, Webb''' 
76; "sort of mine engineer in Colorado" 76; from South Pennsylvania, 87; [[Traverse Family Tree]]

'''Trespassers''' 
424; time-travellers from The Future;

'''Trilby hat''' 
185; "a soft felt men's hat with a narrow brim and a deeply indented crown. It is traditionally made from rabbit fur felt, but may also be made of other materials such as tweed" -from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilby Wikipedia entry]

'''Trouvé''' 
28; screw unit;

'''Tsangpo-Brahmaputra''' 
130; The Yarlung Tsangpo/Brahmaputra river drains a large portion of the eastern Himalaya and southern Tibetan plateau as well as the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, one of the most tectonically active areas of the globe.

'''Tsurigane, Miss Umeki''' 
531; female Quaternionist; 560;

'''Tubby''' 
161; trained pig

'''Tubsmith, Root''' 
511; mathematician on Stupendica; in Ostend, 535;

'''Tucker, Benjamin''' 
370; wrote of Land League;

'''Tungus Reindeer herders''' 
23;

<div id="tunguska"></div>'''Tunguska Event''' 
145, 782, 792, passim; an explosion that occurred at 60°55′N 101°57′E, near the Podkamennaya (Under Rock) Tunguska River in what is now Evenk Autonomous Okrug, at 7:17 AM on June 30, 1908. The event is sometimes referred to as the great Siberian explosion. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_Event Wikipedia entry]; [[Tesla's_Death_Ray|Read this article about Tesla's Death Ray and the Tunguska Event...]]

'''Turkish Corner''' 
431;

'''Turner, Freddie''' 
52; at Harvard 

'''Turner, Frederick Jackson (1861-1932)''' 
Unlike Freddie, Frederick Jackson Turner didn't make it to Harvard until 1910. Nonetheless, FJT did deliver his famous "frontier thesis" in a paper to the American Historical Association on July 12, 1893, during the Columbian Exposition and on the site of the present-day Art Institute of Chicago, a scant couple of blocks away from the Palmer House. The apocalyptic tone of the Inconvenience's tour of the Chicago stockyards fits well with Turner's claim that the closure of the frontier marks an end of America—or at least the end of a first period of American history—as well as the virtuous individualism, democracy, and freedom of movement that defined that America. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Jackson_Turner Frederick Jackson Turner Wikipedia entry]

'''Turner, Joseph Mallord William (1775-1851)''' 
578; English Romantic landscape painter and watercolourist, whose style can be said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._W._Turner Wikipedia entry]

'''Turnstone, Willis''' 
and Lake Traverse, 262;

'''Twin Vibes, The''' 
102; Foley Walker and Scarsdale Vibe "in matching sport ensembles of a certain canary-and-indigo check"

'''T.W.I.T.''' 
219; True Worshippers of the Ineffable Tetractys, headquartered in London, north of Hyde Park; The Tetractys is a triangular figure consisting of ten points arranged in four rows: one, two, three, and four points in each row. As a mystical symbol, it was very important to the followers of the secret worship of the Pythagoreans; 591; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetractys Wikpedia entry]

'''''Tzigane''''' 
18; (French: ''gypsy'') Bindelstiffs of the Blue A.C.'s balloon-ship

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

ATD 1-25

2006-11-30T08:42:56Z

Torerye:

'''Dedication''' 
Most of Pynchon's novels contain dedications-- ''Mason & Dixon'' ("For Melanie, and for Jackson") , ''Vineland'' ("For my mother and father"), and ''Gravity's Rainbow'' ("For Richard Farina")-- but not so ''Against the Day,'' as published. Advance reading copies of the book did contain the words "Dedication TK" in italics, but this is simply [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Come publisher-speak] for "dedication to come." It is unknown whether Pynchon ever considered inclusion of a dedication or whether the publisher simply left the page open just in case, but the ultimate lack of a dedication may suggest that Pynchon feels he's thanked everyone he needs to thank.

'''"It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."''' 
Epigraph by Thelonious Monk. Jazz and particularly bebop seem to be a lifelong interest of Pynchon’s, appearing in some form in all his works and what biographical snippets exist. As a college student, Pynchon “spent a lot of time in jazz clubs, nursing the two-beer minimum,” by his own admission (''Slow Learner'', Introduction).

==Page 3==

'''"Now single up all lines!"''' 
Pynchon was in the Navy for a spell and "single up all lines" is a common enough nautical term. But the opening line has many possible connotations. The Modern Word's Quail [http://www.themodernword.com/reviews/pynchon_atd.html writes] that "it is simultaneously a self-directive and a call to the reader; suggesting that ''Against the Day'' is a culmination of his previous work, and also charging the reader to find meaning within its twisting labyrinth. It may also be a sly, preemptive joke on the book’s initial critics, as the novel begins with the launch of a bloated gasbag bearing a somewhat provocative name." For more on lines, see page 146. One may also want to pay attention to sections on 'vectors' (represented by arrows). "Single up all lines" is used in its normal nautical context in ''V.'', 11, ''Gravity's Rainbow'', 489, and ''Mason & Dixon'', 258, 260.

'''"Cheerly now...handsomley...very well!!"''' 
Just as 'single up all lines' is used in nautical context in ''V.'', so 'cheerly now' appears on page 54 of ''Mason & Dixon'' ("Cheerly. Cheerly, then, Lads...").

'''The Chums of Chance''' 
Cameraderie and isolation are two recurring topics in Pynchon's works. The Chums are a band of heroes like those commonly featured in the 19th century boys' fiction that Pynchon evokes, but also recall Pynchon's high school fictions, [http://themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_hamster.html Voice of the Hamster] and [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_boys.html The Boys], in which the teenage Pynchon lovingly portrayed his group of high school chums, known as, simply, "The Boys."

'''World's Columbian Exposition''' 
also called The Chicago World's Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' discovery of the New World. Chicago bested New York City, Washington, D.C. and St. Louis, Missouri, for the honor of hosting the fair. The fair had a profound effect on architecture, the arts, Chicago's self image and American industrial optimism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_Columbian_Exposition Wikipedia entry].

==Page 5==

'''Pugnax''' 
The name meaning, in Latin, "likes to fight." Pugnax's fantastic intelligence recalls another intelligent dog, the Learned English Dog in ''Mason & Dixon''. Pugnax's manner of speech is also reminiscent of the mystery-solving cartoon dog "Scooby-Doo."

'''"...during a confidential assignment in Our Nation's Capitol (see ''The Chums of Chance and the Evil Halfwit)..."'' 
This could be seen as a criticism of American Presidents present or past, or perhaps the Vietnam War, which Pynchon himself opposed.

May also refer to President Bush, considering the Pynchon-authored Amazon.com book description which included “With a worldwide disaster looming just a few years ahead, it is a time of unrestrained corporate greed, false religiosity, moronic fecklessness, and evil intent in high places. No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred.”

==Page 6==

'''"...anemometer of the Robinson's type"''' 
Cup anemometer invented in 1846 by Dr. John Thomas Romney Robinson. Cup anemometers are still commonly used to measure wind speed because of their simplicity and reliability in a variety of environmental conditions.

==Page 8==

'''"which directs us never to interfere with legal customs of any locality down at which we may happen to have touched"''' 
Like the Prime Directive in ''Star Trek''.

==Page 9==

'''"Do not imagine, that in coming aboard ''Inconvenience'' you have escaped into any realm of the counterfactual..."''' 
This may be Pynchon directly addressing the reader. Given that his introductory blurb proclaims the world of AtD as what the world might be with a minor adjustment or two, this paragraph seems to indicate that Pynchon, like all great fantasy or sci-fi writers, does not intend to create a world where anything goes. Rather, he will create a world that differs from ours but then obey the rules and constraints he's already established.

'''"Going up is like going north."''' 
Anyone understand this statement by Randolph?? This simply seems to use the notion that most maps put north at the top, so moving north is moving 'up' the page. Once you pass the pole, you are going south, or back 'down' the map.

:This may be an allusion to the change in climate from warm southern climates to cold northern climates. The contrast from southern california to northern california is apt, sunny beaches south...rainy foggy beaches north. Population thins out similar to the oxygen the further North you get. Alaska being the ideal extreme. One can see this as another of the many echoes to themes from "Gravity's Rainbow" in the "Light Over the Ranges" section. Ascending (in an airship or rocket) is like moving Northward to colder and less habitable environments, until one crosses the Pole (literally going 'Beyond the Zero.')

:Also, it may further drive home the point, to Chick, that up does not lead to "any realm of the counterfactual": the comparison with going north should remind him that up is just another direction, strange and uncomfortable as it may be for him.

:Are we reading too deeply into this statement? Perhaps it only means that the air gets cooler as the ship ascends into higher altitudes, and therefore is like travelling northward.

::Importantly, going up (in altitude) is an '''expedited''' means of going to a place that is “like” the North (in latitude). For example, say you are at the foot of the Rocky Mountains on a summer day in Colorado. While the snowline on the mountains may only be a few miles ''up'', the snowline on land of the same or similar elevation to the land you stand on is likely a 1000+ miles ''north''. The sudden increase in altitude accompanying a flight aboard the Inconvenience does not allow one to acclimatize gradually to the northern feel -- thus Chick’s need for a “transitional” “foul-weather cloak”. Interestingly, in terms of gravity, going up is like going ''south'': [http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=465 gravity is relatively stronger at points of low altitude and high latitude].

:::I think the more interesting part is the comment that there is a secret that we must not talk about where going further upwards creates an experience much like gover OVER the pole- i.e. warmer and marmer. This is the real question.

==Page 12==

'''Liverpool Kiss''' 
A head butt.

'''Herr Riemann''' 
Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard (1826-1866) (pronounced REE mahn or in IPA: ['ri:man]) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to analysis and differential geometry, some of them paving the way for the later development of general relativity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann Wikipedia entry].

==Page 13==
'''"...quite as if were some giant eyeball, perhaps that of Society itself, ever scrutinizing from above, in a spirit of constructive censure."''' 
This is strikingly reminiscent of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odilon_Redon Odilon Redon's] 1882 Lithograph ''L'Oeil, comme un ballon bizarre se dirige vers l'infini (The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity).'' [http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O%3ADE%3AI%3A2&page_number=4&template_id=1&sort_order=1 At MoMa's Online Collection]

Reference also to ATD Pg. 51 and "The Unsleeping Eye", an apparent reference to Pinkerton's competing PI agency.

==Page 14==

'''Jacob's-ladder''' 
Used here as "a marine ladder of rope or chain with wooden or iron rungs" (Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged) but is suggestive of Jacob's ladder in Genesis:

Genesis 28:12 And he [jacob] dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it. (King James version)

==Page 15==

'''ukelele''' 
Ukeleles also appear in ''Gravity's Rainbow''. According to Jules Siegel's article, "Who is Thomas Pynchon, and why did he take off with my wife?", Pynchon himself played the ukelele in college.

==Page 17==

'''cubeb''' 
The name for the berry and for the oil obtained from the unripe berry of the East Indian climbing shrub ''P. cubeba''. The dried fruits are sometimes used as a condiment or are ground and smoked in cigarette form as a catarrh remedy. The oil is used medicinally and also in soap manufacture. The masticated roots of kava, ''P. methysticum,'' widely grown in its native Pacific islands, are made into a beverage called kavakava, which contains soporific alkaloids. It is an integral part of religious and social life there. A preparation of kava for commerce, also called kavakava, is sold widely as an herbal remedy for anxiety and insomnia. -- From [http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/pepper The Free Dictionary]

Also appears in ''Gravity's Rainbow,'' page 118.

'''"...goldurn Keeley Cure"''' 
A treatment for alcohol, nicotine and narcotic addiction involving injections of "bichloride" or "double chloride" of gold, and also known as the "gold cure". Named for Dr. Leslie E. Keeley, who opened the first of many Keeley Institutes in 1879.

==Page 18==

'''Tzigane''' 
Meaning "gypsy".

==Page 24==

'''Epworth League''' 
A Methodist youth organization founded around 1899.

==Page 25==

'''Haymarket bomb''' 
The Haymarket Riot on May 4, 1886, in Chicago may be the origin of international May Day observances and in popular literature inspired the caricature of "a bomb-throwing anarchist." The causes of the incident are still controversial, although deeply polarized attitudes separating the business class and the working class in late 19th century Chicago are generally acknowledged as having precipitated the tragedy and its aftermath. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_bombing Wikipedia entry].

'''duck soup''' 
Meaning "an easy task," but also the name of a Marx Bros. movie. Perhaps relevant, given the cameo by Groucho promised on the book sleeve.

ATD 1-25

2006-11-30T08:41:25Z

Torerye:

'''Dedication''' 
Most of Pynchon's novels contain dedications-- ''Mason & Dixon'' ("For Melanie, and for Jackson") , ''Vineland'' ("For my mother and father"), and ''Gravity's Rainbow'' ("For Richard Farina")-- but not so ''Against the Day,'' as published. Advance reading copies of the book did contain the words "Dedication TK" in italics, but this is simply [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Come publisher-speak] for "dedication to come." It is unknown whether Pynchon ever considered inclusion of a dedication or whether the publisher simply left the page open just in case, but the ultimate lack of a dedication may suggest that Pynchon feels he's thanked everyone he needs to thank.

'''"It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."''' 
Epigraph by Thelonious Monk. Jazz and particularly bebop seem to be a lifelong interest of Pynchon’s, appearing in some form in all his works and what biographical snippets exist. As a college student, Pynchon “spent a lot of time in jazz clubs, nursing the two-beer minimum,” by his own admission (''Slow Learner'', Introduction).

==Page 3==

'''"Now single up all lines!"''' 
Pynchon was in the Navy for a spell and "single up all lines" is a common enough nautical term. But the opening line has many possible connotations. The Modern Word's Quail [http://www.themodernword.com/reviews/pynchon_atd.html writes] that "it is simultaneously a self-directive and a call to the reader; suggesting that ''Against the Day'' is a culmination of his previous work, and also charging the reader to find meaning within its twisting labyrinth. It may also be a sly, preemptive joke on the book’s initial critics, as the novel begins with the launch of a bloated gasbag bearing a somewhat provocative name." For more on lines, see page 146. One may also want to pay attention to sections on 'vectors' (represented by arrows). "Single up all lines" is used in its normal nautical context in ''V.'', 11, ''Gravity's Rainbow'', 489, and ''Mason & Dixon'', 258, 260.

'''"Cheerly now...handsomley...very well!!"''' 
Just as 'single up all lines' is used in nautical context in 'V.', so 'cheerly now' appears on page 54 of 'Mason & Dixon' ("Cheerly. Cheerly, then, Lads..."). In fact, 'single up all lines' also appears in 'Mason & Dixon'.

'''The Chums of Chance''' 
Cameraderie and isolation are two recurring topics in Pynchon's works. The Chums are a band of heroes like those commonly featured in the 19th century boys' fiction that Pynchon evokes, but also recall Pynchon's high school fictions, [http://themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_hamster.html Voice of the Hamster] and [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_boys.html The Boys], in which the teenage Pynchon lovingly portrayed his group of high school chums, known as, simply, "The Boys."

'''World's Columbian Exposition''' 
also called The Chicago World's Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' discovery of the New World. Chicago bested New York City, Washington, D.C. and St. Louis, Missouri, for the honor of hosting the fair. The fair had a profound effect on architecture, the arts, Chicago's self image and American industrial optimism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_Columbian_Exposition Wikipedia entry].

==Page 5==

'''Pugnax''' 
The name meaning, in Latin, "likes to fight." Pugnax's fantastic intelligence recalls another intelligent dog, the Learned English Dog in ''Mason & Dixon''. Pugnax's manner of speech is also reminiscent of the mystery-solving cartoon dog "Scooby-Doo."

'''"...during a confidential assignment in Our Nation's Capitol (see ''The Chums of Chance and the Evil Halfwit)..."'' 
This could be seen as a criticism of American Presidents present or past, or perhaps the Vietnam War, which Pynchon himself opposed.

May also refer to President Bush, considering the Pynchon-authored Amazon.com book description which included “With a worldwide disaster looming just a few years ahead, it is a time of unrestrained corporate greed, false religiosity, moronic fecklessness, and evil intent in high places. No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred.”

==Page 6==

'''"...anemometer of the Robinson's type"''' 
Cup anemometer invented in 1846 by Dr. John Thomas Romney Robinson. Cup anemometers are still commonly used to measure wind speed because of their simplicity and reliability in a variety of environmental conditions.

==Page 8==

'''"which directs us never to interfere with legal customs of any locality down at which we may happen to have touched"''' 
Like the Prime Directive in ''Star Trek''.

==Page 9==

'''"Do not imagine, that in coming aboard ''Inconvenience'' you have escaped into any realm of the counterfactual..."''' 
This may be Pynchon directly addressing the reader. Given that his introductory blurb proclaims the world of AtD as what the world might be with a minor adjustment or two, this paragraph seems to indicate that Pynchon, like all great fantasy or sci-fi writers, does not intend to create a world where anything goes. Rather, he will create a world that differs from ours but then obey the rules and constraints he's already established.

'''"Going up is like going north."''' 
Anyone understand this statement by Randolph?? This simply seems to use the notion that most maps put north at the top, so moving north is moving 'up' the page. Once you pass the pole, you are going south, or back 'down' the map.

:This may be an allusion to the change in climate from warm southern climates to cold northern climates. The contrast from southern california to northern california is apt, sunny beaches south...rainy foggy beaches north. Population thins out similar to the oxygen the further North you get. Alaska being the ideal extreme. One can see this as another of the many echoes to themes from "Gravity's Rainbow" in the "Light Over the Ranges" section. Ascending (in an airship or rocket) is like moving Northward to colder and less habitable environments, until one crosses the Pole (literally going 'Beyond the Zero.')

:Also, it may further drive home the point, to Chick, that up does not lead to "any realm of the counterfactual": the comparison with going north should remind him that up is just another direction, strange and uncomfortable as it may be for him.

:Are we reading too deeply into this statement? Perhaps it only means that the air gets cooler as the ship ascends into higher altitudes, and therefore is like travelling northward.

::Importantly, going up (in altitude) is an '''expedited''' means of going to a place that is “like” the North (in latitude). For example, say you are at the foot of the Rocky Mountains on a summer day in Colorado. While the snowline on the mountains may only be a few miles ''up'', the snowline on land of the same or similar elevation to the land you stand on is likely a 1000+ miles ''north''. The sudden increase in altitude accompanying a flight aboard the Inconvenience does not allow one to acclimatize gradually to the northern feel -- thus Chick’s need for a “transitional” “foul-weather cloak”. Interestingly, in terms of gravity, going up is like going ''south'': [http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=465 gravity is relatively stronger at points of low altitude and high latitude].

:::I think the more interesting part is the comment that there is a secret that we must not talk about where going further upwards creates an experience much like gover OVER the pole- i.e. warmer and marmer. This is the real question.

==Page 12==

'''Liverpool Kiss''' 
A head butt.

'''Herr Riemann''' 
Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard (1826-1866) (pronounced REE mahn or in IPA: ['ri:man]) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to analysis and differential geometry, some of them paving the way for the later development of general relativity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann Wikipedia entry].

==Page 13==
'''"...quite as if were some giant eyeball, perhaps that of Society itself, ever scrutinizing from above, in a spirit of constructive censure."''' 
This is strikingly reminiscent of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odilon_Redon Odilon Redon's] 1882 Lithograph ''L'Oeil, comme un ballon bizarre se dirige vers l'infini (The Eye Like a Strange Balloon Mounts Toward Infinity).'' [http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O%3ADE%3AI%3A2&page_number=4&template_id=1&sort_order=1 At MoMa's Online Collection]

Reference also to ATD Pg. 51 and "The Unsleeping Eye", an apparent reference to Pinkerton's competing PI agency.

==Page 14==

'''Jacob's-ladder''' 
Used here as "a marine ladder of rope or chain with wooden or iron rungs" (Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged) but is suggestive of Jacob's ladder in Genesis:

Genesis 28:12 And he [jacob] dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it. (King James version)

==Page 15==

'''ukelele''' 
Ukeleles also appear in ''Gravity's Rainbow''. According to Jules Siegel's article, "Who is Thomas Pynchon, and why did he take off with my wife?", Pynchon himself played the ukelele in college.

==Page 17==

'''cubeb''' 
The name for the berry and for the oil obtained from the unripe berry of the East Indian climbing shrub ''P. cubeba''. The dried fruits are sometimes used as a condiment or are ground and smoked in cigarette form as a catarrh remedy. The oil is used medicinally and also in soap manufacture. The masticated roots of kava, ''P. methysticum,'' widely grown in its native Pacific islands, are made into a beverage called kavakava, which contains soporific alkaloids. It is an integral part of religious and social life there. A preparation of kava for commerce, also called kavakava, is sold widely as an herbal remedy for anxiety and insomnia. -- From [http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/pepper The Free Dictionary]

Also appears in ''Gravity's Rainbow,'' page 118.

'''"...goldurn Keeley Cure"''' 
A treatment for alcohol, nicotine and narcotic addiction involving injections of "bichloride" or "double chloride" of gold, and also known as the "gold cure". Named for Dr. Leslie E. Keeley, who opened the first of many Keeley Institutes in 1879.

==Page 18==

'''Tzigane''' 
Meaning "gypsy".

==Page 24==

'''Epworth League''' 
A Methodist youth organization founded around 1899.

==Page 25==

'''Haymarket bomb''' 
The Haymarket Riot on May 4, 1886, in Chicago may be the origin of international May Day observances and in popular literature inspired the caricature of "a bomb-throwing anarchist." The causes of the incident are still controversial, although deeply polarized attitudes separating the business class and the working class in late 19th century Chicago are generally acknowledged as having precipitated the tragedy and its aftermath. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_bombing Wikipedia entry].

'''duck soup''' 
Meaning "an easy task," but also the name of a Marx Bros. movie. Perhaps relevant, given the cameo by Groucho promised on the book sleeve.

J

2006-11-30T08:39:11Z

Torerye:

'''Jachin and Boaz''' 
346; "Guardians of the Temple" at Smokefoot's; named after the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boaz_and_Jachin two pillars at the front of Solomon's Temple]

'''Jacob's-Ladder''' 
14; Jacob's Ladder is a portable ladder made of rope or metal and used primarily as an aid in boarding a ship. Originally, the Jacob's Ladder was a network of line leading to the skysail on wooden ships. The name alludes to the biblical Jacob, reputed to have dreamed that he climbed a ladder to the sky. Anyone who has ever tried climbing a Jacob's Ladder while carrying a seabag can apreciate the allusion. It does seem that the climb is long enough to take one into the next world. (Courtesy of [http://www.goatlocker.org The Goat Locker])

'''"Jake with me"''' 
105; musician lingo for "okay with me"

'''James, Henry''' 
5; Henry James, OM (April 15, 1843 – February 28, 1916), son of Henry James Sr. and brother of the philosopher and psychologist William James and diarist Alice James, was an American-born author and literary critic of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_James Wikipedia entry]

'''Jameson Raid''' 
691; The Jameson Raid (December 29, 1895 - January 2, 1896) was a raid on Paul Kruger's Transvaal Republic carried out by Leander Starr Jameson and his Rhodesian and Bechuanaland policemen over the New Year weekend of 1895-96. It was intended to trigger an uprising by the primarily British expatriate workers (known as Uitlanders) in the Transvaal but failed to do so. The raid was ineffective and no uprising took place, but it did much to bring about the Second Boer War and the Second Matabele War; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jameson_Raid Wikipedia entry]

'''Japanese characters''' 
258; "character for 'four' being same as that for 'death'";

'''Japanese Oyster''' 
113;

'''Japanese trade delegation''' 
292; at the Cosmopolitan

'''Jarretière, La''' 
1066; a.k.a. Mélanie l'Heuremaudit, a character from chapter fourteen of ''V.'' ("V. in love"), where she was killed during a ballet performance in 1913. Apparently her death was merely staged, and Mélanie survived.

'''Jenny Roger's House of Mirrors''' 
276; on Market Street in Denver;

'''Jeshimon''' 
198; "the place where they brought the ones they didn't want found too soon" 210; Governor, 210, 212 ("something pre-human in the face");

'''Jew Fanny's''' 
260;

'''Jim, Dr.''' 
146;

'''Joaquin''' 
385; El Nato's parrot

'''Johansen, Frederik Hjalmar''' (1867-1923) 
138; Norwegian explorer who shipped as fireman on the ''Fram'', with Nansen.

'''Johannesburg''' 
169; largest city in South Africa, it is still sometimes known by its Zulu name ''eGoli'' which means "City of Gold"; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg Wikipedia entry]

'''''joven''''' 
289; Spanish: young;

'''Juanita''' 
208; song Reef Traverse suggests Cooper play for the ladies;

'''''Juggernaut, The''''' 
31; Scarsdale Vibe's private train;

'''Julius (Groucho Marx)''' 
467-468; 15-year-old boy in hotel Frank Traverse is staying in, in Cripple Creek

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

L

2006-11-30T08:30:28Z

Torerye:

'''L.&O.L.''' 
649;

'''labor unions''' 
43; 50; Western Federation of Miners, 92; 98; St. Petersburg Strike, 595;

'''La Foam, Happy Jack''' 
477; local pharmicist in Wall o' Death; 485;

'''Lafrisée, Pléiade''' 
537; ''sphinxe Khnopffiene'' in Kursaal in Ostend; with Woevre, 560; Fernand Edmond Jean Marie Khnopff (1858-1921) was a Belgian symbolist painter. A sphinx is a mythical creature with the head of a human (or bird) and the body of a cat; A ''sphinxe Khnopffiene'' would then be someone cat-like in the style of Khnopff [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Khnopff Wikipedia entry];

[[image:khnopff.jpg|center|thumb|500px|''The Caress'', Khnopff's most famous painting]]

'''Lambert, Joe''' 
283; shot by Hair-Trigger Bob

'''Laplacian''' 
239; bar in Cambridge;

'''Lard Scandal of the '80s, the great''' 
406; there actually ''was'' a lard scandal during the Taft Administration, in 1912;

'''lateener''' 
250; a ship rigged with a lateen which is a triangular sail, suspended by a long yard at an angle of 45° to the mast.

'''Latewood, Cyprian''' 
489; [[Cambridge Apostles|"embryo Apostlet"]], a sod (short for "sodomite", i.e., gay man) at Cambridge; to Trieste, 705; talking gibberish, 713;

'''"laying on tells"''' 
218; God, in poker game; "tells" are gestures or words by a player that give away the value of his/her hand; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_%28poker%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''League of Prizren''' 
653; created on June 10, 1878 in a mosque in Prizren, Kosovo, by 300 Albanian nationalist leaders, mostly from Kosovo, Albania, Western part of former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Muslim leaders from Bosnia-Hercegovina and the Sandzak, in order to achieve an autonomous Albanian state, representing the former Ottoman vilayets of Shkodër or Skutari centered near Montenegro, the Illyria region, the Chameria region, Janina or Janjevo centered in Northern Epirus, Bitola in Republic of Macedonia and Kosovo; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Prizren Wikipedia entry]

'''Lee, Tom''' 
339; his "tong, the On Leong"

'''Leghorn strawhats''' 
42; a stiff straw hat with a flat crown. See [http://www.blockaderunner.com/nlc/17.html photo].

'''Leonard and Lyle''' 
441; "oil prospectors" in Sandman Saloon

'''Leopold''' 
528; King of the Belgians; 543;

'''Levi''' 
473; Hope Kindred's husband

'''Levi, Eliphaz (1810-1875)''' 
232; or Eliphas; pseudonym of French occultist and magician Alphonse Louis Constant. Levi incorporated the Tarot cards into his magical system, and as a result the Tarot has been an important part of the paraphernalia of Western magicians. He had a deep impact on the magic of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and later Aleister Crowley (who believed himself to be the reincarnation of Levi), and it was largely through this impact that Lévi is remembered as one of the key founders of the twentieth century revival of magic; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abb%C3%A9_Constant Wikipedia entry]

'''Lieutenants of Industry Scholarship Program''' 
100;

'''light''' 
59; "corner light" 61; 62; electric v. gas in London, 232; 431; 437-38; and film, 451; its future, in California, 456; counter-light, 581; 687-88;

'''Lightarian''' 
60;

'''lightning''' 
72; sentient ball lightning, 72;

'''Lincrusta-Walton''' 
610; Lincrusta is an embossed fabric used for covering walls, similar in style to anaglypta. It was invented by Frederick Walton in 1877 and is also called Lincrusta-Walton or Lincrusta Walton. It was designed to emulate more expensive materials and hence be more oriented to a mass market. These materials were used to enrich the interiors of late Victorian architecture and now used for historic restoration projects.

'''lines of force''' 
55; 122;

'''Little Egypt''' 
26; at the Chicago World's Fair; 29; Little Egypt was the stage name for two popular exotic dancers, Ashea Wabe who danced at the Seeley banquet at the 1893 World's Fair and Farida Mazar Spyropoulos, also performing under the stage name Fatima, appeared at the "Street in Cairo" exhibition on the Midway at the World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Egypt_(dancer) Wikipedia entry]; [[Little_Egypt|And then there was that song by The Coasters...]]

[[image:goose-girl.jpg|thumb|Little Goose-Girls Statue in Göttingen|right]]'''little goose-girl statue''' 
597; in Göttingen;

'''Little Hellkite''' 
76; mine in Colorado

'''''Little Nemo''''' 
352; Little Nemo is the main fictional character in a series of weekly comic strips by Winsor McCay (1871-1934) that appeared in the New York Herald and William Randolph Hearst's New York American newspapers from October 15, 1905—April 23, 1911 and April 30, 1911—1913; respectively; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Nemo Wikipedia entry]

'''Loafsley, "Plug"''' 
397; "street-Arab" who delivers note to Chums of Chance

'''Lobatchevskian''' 
453; function worked up by Vectorists and Quaternionists; named for the Russian mathematician Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (1792-1856) who developed non-Euclidean geometry; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Ivanovich_Lobachevsky Wikipedia entry]

'''Lodge, Sir Oliver Joseph (1851-1940)''' 
58; Born at Penkhull near Stoke-on-Trent and educated at Adams' Grammar School, Sir Oliver Lodge was a physicist and writer involved in the development of the wireless telegraph; 228; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Lodge Wikipedia entry]

'''Lois''' 
468; little girl in Mayva's ice-cream parlor, Cone Amor

'''Lollipop Lounge''' 
398; personal headquarters of Plug - a "child bordello"

'''Lombroso, Dr. Cesare (1835-1909)''' 
172; Born in Verona, Italy, Dr. Lombroso, using concepts drawn from Physiognomy, early Eugenics, Psychiatry and Social Darwinism, devised the theory that criminality was inherited, and that the born criminal could be identified by physical defects, which confirmed a criminal as savage, or atavistic; 252; 606; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Lombroso Wikipedia entry]

In Vineland, arch-villain FBI agent Brock Vond is a fan of Lombroso's work.

'''Longfellow''' 
536;

'''Lorelei''' 
493; blond at Cambridge

'''Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1853-1928)''' 
565; Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and elucidation of the Zeeman effect. In 1895 in an attempt to explain the Michelson-Morley experiment, Lorentz proposed that moving bodies contract in the direction of motion ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length_contraction see length contraction]; George FitzGerald had already arrived at this conclusion, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FitzGerald-Lorentz_Contraction see FitzGerald-Lorentz Contraction]). He introduced the term local time which expresses the relativity of simultaneity between reference frames in relative motion; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz Wikipedia entry]

'''Lost City''' 
435;

'''Lottchen''' 
621; girl at chloro party in Göttingen;

'''Louis XV''' 
544; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_xv Wikipedia entry]

'''Lowry, Nellie''' 
60; Blinky Morgan's "lady friend"

'''Lübeck''' 
520; City in northern Germany at the Baltic sea; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubeck Wikipedia entry]

'''Lucia''' 
246; waitress in Osteria in San Polo;

'''Lugosi, Bela''' 
915; see Blaskó, Belá

'''Luigi''' 
446;

'''Lupita's''' 
286; in Telluride, "where the menudo can't be beat"

'''Lutine''' 
122;

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

B

2006-11-30T08:28:03Z

Torerye:

'''Bagdad Railway Concession''' 
228; In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire planned to construct a Baghdad Railway under German control. It became a source of international tension and played some role in the origins of the First World War; 238; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Railway Wikipedia entry]

'''Baku''' 
441; Located on the Caspian Sea, Baku or Baky (Baki), capital and largest city of Azerbaijan. Since 1873 an oil belt of Baku began to be formed which was known as a Black City. Within a short period of time departments and representations of Swiss, English, French, Belgian, German and American firms were established in Baku, among them were the firms of the Nobels and Rothschilds. By the beginning of the 20th century almost half of the oil reserves in the world had been extracted in Baku; 631; "with skeeters" 639; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku Wikipedia entry]

'''Bakunin, Mikhail (1814-1876)''' 
373; well-known Russian revolutionary, and often considered one of the fathers of modern anarchism; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin Wikipedia entry]

<div id="balaam"></div>'''Balaam's ass''' 
432; From the Bible, Numbers Chapter 22, wherein Balaam, a seer and Gentile, is sent by Balak, King of Moab, to confront the Israelites who, after 40 years in the desert, were camped on the plains of Moab. An angel, invisible to Balaam but visible to the ass, blocks the road and the ass won't proceed. Balaam repeatedly whips the ass until, by divine intervention, the ass is given the power of speech and speaks to Balaam, asking him why he treats him so badly. Balaam is taken aback and then sees the angel with sword drawn and falls to the ground, contrite. But the angel, instead of stopping him from his journey, tells Balaam to proceed on his mission. When Balaam reaches the top of a hill and sees the Israelites camped out below, a blessing unexpectedly issues from his lips. Two things here: 1) it's possible for a non-Hebrew to be a prophet and 2) this is one of only two instances in the Bible where animals speak, the other being the serpent in the Garden of Eden. [http://www.trivia-library.com/a/origins-of-the-term-balaam-ass.htm More from the Trivia Library]

'''Balkin ''komitadji''''' 
557; Komitadji, Comitadji or Komitaji (Turkish: Komitacı, "a rebel, member of a secret revolutionary society") is a member of a guerrilla band in Macedonia or the Balkan countries.

'''Ball in Hand''' 
405; saloon where Dr. Zoot met Meatman; on West Symmes Street, 410;

'''Basnight, Lewis ("Lew")''' 
36-51; a "spotter" from White City Investigations; Upstate-Downstate Beast, 37; "a keen sympathy for the invisible" 43; "the side of the day" 44; transfer to Denver, 51; 171; Cryptomite trip, 182; emergence out of explosion, 221; 496; at Chunxton Crescent "Gus Swallowfield, Senior Underwriter" 611;

'''Basnight, Troth''' 
38; Lew's wife, who leaves him;

'''Battle of Puebla''' 
315; The Battle of Puebla took place on May 5, 1862 near the city of Puebla, Mexico, during the French intervention in Mexico. It was a major Mexican victory, and is commemorated every year as Cinco de Mayo; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Puebla Wikipedia entry]

'''Bauer, Grünewald''' 
136;

'''Beaufort Scale''' 
15; a scale to measure wind speed; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale Wikipedia entry]

'''Beaver Saloon''' 
193;

'''"Beavers of the Brain"''' 
183; song by the beings inhabiting Lew Basright's steak

'''Belgian nihilists''' 
527; "Eug&eacutenie, Fatou, Denis, and Policarpe, styling themselves 'Young Congo'"

'''Beppo''' 
576; Dally's alter-ego; Beppo is the subject of the poem "Beppo" by Lord Byron; [[Beppo|Read the poem]]

'''Berlin Conference of 1878''' 
226; The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the European Great Powers' and the Ottoman Empire's leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. In the wake of the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78, the meeting's aim was to reorganize conditions in the Balkans. Otto von Bismarck, who led the Congress, undertook to balance the distinct interests of Great Britain, Russia and Austria-Hungary. As a consequence, however, differences between Russia and Austria-Hungary intensified, as did the nationality question in the Balkans; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin Wikipedia entry]

'''Bible''' 
86; Second Corinthians, 32; 223; St. Mark, 250; "Let there be light" 354; Judas Iscariot, 377; 413; [[#balaam|Balaam's ass]], 432; Sodom and Gomorrah, 441; 441; 452; Jonah and Agadir, 521; Judas Priest, 525; Lot's wife, 550; Lucifer, 575; Infancy Gospel of Thomas, 579; Pentacost story from Acts of the Apostles (Jesus and the dyes), 579-80;

'''Big Billy's''' 
260;

[[Image:Billy-the-Kid.jpg|thumb|Billy the Kid, painting by Jacques Moitoret|right]]'''Billy the Kid (1859-1881)''' 
263; Henry McCarty, better known as Billy the Kid, but also known by the aliases Henry Antrim and William Harrison Bonney, was a 19th century American frontier outlaw and gunmen who was a participant in the Lincoln County War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_the_Kid Wikipedia entry]

'''bilocation''' 
143; the ability (said of certain Roman Catholic saints) to exist simultaneously in two locations; "there are two distinct versions of 'Asia' out there" 249; Estrella, double of Stray Briggs, 393; Chums of Chance and the Marching Academy Harmonica Band, 418-24; "enough to divide a fellow into two" 464; two Agadirs, 521-22; ''Stupendica'', 514; Dally, 524; doubling, 564; multiple identities, 570; sawed-in-half folks, 571-72; Principessa Spongiatosta, 583; Werfner/Renfrew, 683, 685; Orphic and Pythagorean religionns, 686; Lew Basright, 688, 690; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilocation Wikipedia entry]

'''Bindlestiffs of the Blue A.C.''' 
18; aeronautical club from Oregon ("A.C." for alternating current?); a bindelstiff is a hobo, especially one who carries a bedroll.

'''Bing, Liu''' 
345; "tong warrior's girlfriend"

'''Biometric Institute of Neuropathy''' 
433;

'''Black Gang''' 
517; the stokers; 519;

'''Black Hundreds''' 
595; pogrom

'''Black, Miss Penelope ("Penny")''' 
18; distaff member of the Bindlestiffs of the Blue A.C.

'''Blanca, La''' 
287; "local name" for [[ATD-M#meldrum|Bob Meldrum's]] wife;

'''Blaskó, Béla''' 
915; the original name of the Hungarian actor Bela Lugosi (1882-1956) whose most famous role was that of Dracula

'''Blavatsky, Madame''' (1831-1891) 
219; Helena Petrovna Hahn (also Hélène), better known as Helena Blavatsky (Russian: Елена Блаватская) or Madame Blavatsky, born Helena von Hahn, was a founder of the Theosophical Society; "working for the Tsarist secret service" aka Third Section, aka Okhrana, 631; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Blavatsky Wikipedia entry]

'''Blitz Instruments''' 
53; Blitz is a manufacturer of musical instruments and accessories

'''Bloggins''' 
446;

'''Blope, Dr. Templeton''' 
131; of the University of the Outer Hebrides

'''Blue Ivory''' 
125;

'''Blundell, Miles''' 
4; Handyman Apprentice aboard the ''Inconvenience''; 107; nonsense speaking, 110-13; the Book, 251; 417; "temporarily lapsing into English" 427; recognizes the Trespassers, Mr. Ace, 417; "extra-temporal excursions" 443; and Pugnax, 550; "prefiguration of the Holy City" 551;

'''Bly, Nellie (1864-1922)''' 
37; Born May 5, 1864, to Judge Michael Cochran and Mary Jane Kennedy Cochran, part of the large Cochran family of Apollo, Pennsylvania, Elizabeth Jane Cochrane revolutionized journalism for women. She is better known by her pen name, "Nellie Bly," which she adapted from the Stephen Foster song, "Nelly Bly." Daring and innovative, she gained world fame when she beat Jules Verne's fictional character Phileas Fogg's record for traveling around the world in 80 days by more than a week, departing on November 14, 1889 and returning to New York on January 25, 1890; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Bly Wikipedia entry]

'''Bobrikoff, General''' 
83; "evil viceroy" of Russian Tsar

'''Bodine, O. I. C. (Officer in Charge)''' 
517; American stoker aboard the ''Stupendica''; 519;

'''Bohr, Niels (Henrik David) (1885-1962)''' 
412; Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics. Bohr is widely considered one of the greatest physicists of the twentieth century. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr Wikipedia entry]

'''Boilster, Eugene''' 
477; sheriff of Wall o' Death;

'''Boilster, Tace''' 
479; Eugene's wife;

'''Boilster, Roy Mickey''' 
480; Tace's brother;

'''Boilster, Chloe''' 
485; Eugene's & Tace's daughter

'''Boll Weevil Lounge''' 
47;

'''''Bol'shaia Igra''''' 
122; Padzhy's ship, at the North Pole; in Venice, 245;

'''Boltzmann, Ludwig''' 
596;

'''Bonnet, Charles (1720-1793)''' 
307; Swiss naturalist and philosophical writer who first described what became known as the Charles Bonnet syndrome (or CBS for short), a term used to describe the situation when people with sight problems start to see things which they know aren't real. Sometimes called visual hallucinations, the things people see can take all kinds of forms from simple patterns of straight lines to detailed -pictures of people or buildings. These can be enjoyable or sometimes upsetting; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bonnet Wikipedia entry]

'''Boot Hill''' 
648;

Bopfli 
669; 670;

'''Borrasca''' 
364; Reef's colt;

'''Borowicz, Professor Bogoslaw''' 
343; at McVeety's Theater "Floor Shows"

'''Bosanquet, Bernard James Tindal (1877-1936)''' 
237; "this Middlesex spinner"; an English cricketer, perhaps most renowned as the inventor of the googly (sometimes called the Bosie or, in Australia, the Wrong'un ), born in Bull's Cross, Enfield, Middlesex; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Bosanquet_(cricketer) Wikipedia entry]

'''Bosch''' 
554; the artist

'''Boulanger, General Georges Ernest Jean-Marie (April 29, 1837 – September 30, 1891)''' 
543; anniversary of his suicide and the Chums of Chance; Boulanger was a French general and reactionary politician. Very popular with the military, He rose through the ranks to general, and began his own political movement, an ecclectic one that capitalized on the frustrations of French conservatism, advocating the three principles of ''Revanche'' (Revenge on Germany), ''Révision'' (Revision of the Constitution), ''Restauration'' (the return to monarchy). The common reference to it has become ''Boulangisme'', a term used by its partisans and adversaries alike. A failed coup began his downfall. He was charged with conspiracy and treason and a warrant for his death was issued. He committed suicide by a bullet to the head on the grave of his mistress. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Boulanger Wikipedia entry]

'''Bounce, Roswell''' 
60; photographer; Hypop Apparatus, 425; Scarsdale Vibe trial in Cleveland, 455; Hercules, 455;

'''''boutonniere''''' 
33; A boutonniere, also buttonhole, is a flower or floral decoration pushed or pinned through the button hole of a lapel of a suit.

'''Boyne''' 
231;

'''brambled guttie''' 
603; gutta-percha ball (a golf ball), a brambled spheroid

'''Breedlove, "Dope"''' 
369; "and his Merry Coons" - houseband at Maman Tant Gras Hall in New Orleans;

'''Breguet''' 
457; the tourbillion

'''Briggs, Estrella (Stray)''' 
200; in Nochecita; Aunt Adelina; at a "small ranch outside Fickle Creek" 462; 920-921;

'''Briggs, Willow''' 
361; Stray's sister; husband Holt, 367;

'''British craving for the dark and shiny''' 
678; Perhaps an [[Dark and Shiny|Orwellian reference?]]

'''Brocken''' 
632;

'''Brownian Movement''' 
587;

'''Browning''' 
578; the poet

'''Brueghel''' 
554;

'''Brugere's power''' 
529; Brugere's powder uses '''picric acid''' which, when ignited, burns quietly with a smoky flame and is very difficult to detonate by percussion; its salts, however, are more readily detonated. Part of the picric family, Brugere's powder is a mixture of 54 parts of ammonium picrate and 45 parts of saltpetre; '''Designolle's powder''', composed of potassium picrate, saltpetre and charcoal is also a member of this family of explosives. [[Picric Acid|More on picric acid]]

'''Bruno''' 
101; Scarsdale Vibe's bodyguard

'''buck-and-wing artist''' 
303; "buck-and-wing" is a solo tap dance emphasizing sharp taps

'''Buffalo Bill''' 
[[ATD-C#buffalo|See Cody, Buffalo Bill]]

'''Burchell, Mrs.''' 
228; medium at Stead séance; her "prophetic account of the Serbian outrage" 719;

'''Burgess''' 
a sheriff Reef argues with; Laureen, his wife;

'''Buri''' 
142; "grandfather of Odin and the first gods"

'''Busted Flush''' 
313; Jimmy Drop's hangout in Telluride

'''Byng, Admiral''' 
545;

'''Byron's Pool''' 
490; where Yashmeen bathed nude;

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

Talk:Main Page

2006-11-24T09:21:00Z

Torerye:

==Added Annotation by Page==

Hey, I've started to add a different type of annotation that the Alphabetical Index. I like this method because it gives the reader all the references on the page, as he reads, in a non-spoilerish fashion. No idea if this will take off aside from my contributions, and also no idea how to integrate it with the Alphabetical Index, but these problems I leave to future Pynchonwiki contributors as well as my future self.

I also have not followed the naming guidelines on the main page, for the simple reason that I don't know how...! These pages can be renamed and moved by whoever knows how to do so.

[[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]] 08:51, 22 November 2006 (PST)

: I would name the page-by-page pages eg: ATD 1-25, etc. Ultimately, all Pynchon's works will be in the Wiki, so it's important to establish this convention. I have moved the three pages you created to reflect this naming.

: I changed the page number headers to a 2nd level from a 1st level, to reflect semantically their heirarchy on the page (they appeared at the same level as "Pages 1-25"; thus, for example, I changed

::<nowiki>=Page 1=</nowiki>

::to

::<nowiki>==Page1==</nowiki>

: I would suggest that eventually we have a link to the ToC for the page-by-page, as it will be a '''very long''' ToC!

:[[User:WikiAdmin|Tim]] November 22, 2006

:::good call! I'll handle that ToC soon. [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]] 12:26, 23 November 2006 (PST)

==What can the Pynchonwiki do better than Amazon.com full text search?==

I note that Amazon.com's full text search of Pynchon's novels does exactly the same thing as one function of Thomaspynchon.com's previous guides: giving the page numbers where a given character or thing is mentioned. That said, I think we need to articulate what the guides and Pynchon wiki do ''in addition'' to justify all the human labor involved, and then communicate that to potential wiki contributors. (also, Amazon doesn't do this for AtD yet, but since it's available for all his other works, I assume it's just a matter of time). Thoughts? [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]] 12:26, 23 November 2006 (PST)

==Change of logo/cover image==

Shouldn't we change the cover image/logo for Pynchon wiki (upper left corner) to the final version of the cover? And, for accuracy's sake, shouldn't we include the white border around the cover? [[User:Torerye|Torerye]] 01:21, 24 November 2006 (PST)

User:Torerye

2006-11-24T09:16:44Z

Torerye:

Hi, fellow Pynchon-heads. I'm a devoted fan of everything Pynchonian, and have published several articles on Thomas Pynchon in Danish. I look forward to contributing to this site.

User talk:Bleakhaus

2006-11-24T09:13:59Z

Torerye:

Hi - I have a larger version of the original cover image. Not sure how to download it, though. If you give me your e-mail address, I can send it, though. [[User:Torerye|Torerye]] 01:13, 24 November 2006 (PST)

Talk:ATD cover analysis

2006-11-24T09:01:08Z

Torerye:

Hi - I have a larger version of the original/trial cover design, but I'm not sure how to download it to the tpage - I'd be happy to e-mail it to anyone who does. [[User:Torerye|Torerye]] 01:01, 24 November 2006 (PST)

ATD cover analysis

2006-11-24T08:57:47Z

Torerye: I've added and subtracted some information and interpretations

[[Image:ATD_oldcover.jpg|thumb|An earlier version of the cover. ANYONE GOT A BIGGER COPY OF THIS?|right]]
[[Image:ATD_finalcover.jpg|250px|thumb|Against the Day, final cover, design by Michael Ian Kaye|right]]

The final cover of ''Against the Day'' is pretty minimalist, depicting an aged, slightly yellowing book or manuscript in reference to the novel's setting, 1893 through World War I, and the book's mock-recreation of prose from that era.

The writing on the cover seems to cast shadows behind it. The shadows are no doubt meant to simulate the double refraction one experiences when looking through a piece of Iceland Spar, but on closer inspection the writing is not doubled, but tripled, and the typefaces are different. The upper layer is a modern sans-serif font, the middle layer is an older serif font, and the bottom layer is once again a modern sans-serif font. This may indicate that the novel straddles the period where the world moved from the 19th century into the modern age.

The mysterious red seal on the cover is Tibetan, and the image in the center of the seal is a Tibetan Snow Lion in front of three mountain peaks. The Snow Lion is a mythical creature which also appears in Tibet's flag.

The generally white color of the cover ties in with the light/dark metaphor that Pynchon weaves into the novel. Perhaps the cover is also largely bare so that the "reader can decide," as Pynchon writes in the book's [[Against_the_Day_description|description]], with minimal outside interference from anything but the text itself.

The book cover is designed by Michael Ian Kaye, who also designed the cover for the current paperback edition of ''Slow Learner''. This could indicate that Pynchon likes Kaye's previous work.

We also know that an earlier version of the cover was circulated in promotional material before the novel's release. Note that in the earlier cover, the mysterious red seal looks slightly different, with the writing continuing in an unbroken circle.

What exactly the seal means is no doubt revealed in the book, but the slight changes indicate that Pynchon was probably involved in the design process, as he was with ''Mason & Dixon'' (where the ampersand was changed at his request), and the cover is thus fair game in any textual analysis.

Talk:Against the Day description

2006-11-01T09:14:15Z

Torerye: Is 'blurb' the proper word here?

Is this really a blurb? Perhaps it would make more sense to call it a 'book description' or something along those lines. Pynchon's books stand out from most other published books by their complete absence of blurbs (i.e. endorsements from other writers), and calling Pynchon's own book description a blurb might confuse matters somewhat. [[User:Torerye|Torerye]] 01:14, 1 November 2006 (PST)