Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

ATD 1063-1085

2007-03-10T19:27:18Z

Tommaso: /* Page 1080 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
1875-1947, French composer chiefly known for art songs.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
1885-1957, French film actor and director.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
Her surname is the name of a popular French cheese.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops.

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive as translated in text?

==Page 1070==

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''''Macchè''''' 
Italian: Naw.

==Page 1071==

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it' 'Fascism'.

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

==Page 1074==

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

==Page 1077==

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarp Saint Polycarp] was a Christian bishop of Smyrna (now İzmir in Turkey) in the second century. He was stabbed and died a martyr after an attempt to burn him at the stake failed.

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or West Ukrainian National Republic (1918-19). See the link in the ''Galicia'' entry.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
The Lwów School of Mathematics, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920.

==Page 1078==
'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in the Scottish Café[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo]

Here used to explain a variant of the Banach–Tarski paradox [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox] which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra used to end with this statement: ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be proved.

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

==Page 1082==

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''Penny Black''' 
The Penny Black, the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black].

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-03-10T19:26:39Z

Tommaso: /* Page 1080 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
1875-1947, French composer chiefly known for art songs.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
1885-1957, French film actor and director.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
Her surname is the name of a popular French cheese.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops.

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive as translated in text?

==Page 1070==

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''''Macchè''''' 
Italian: Naw.

==Page 1071==

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it' 'Fascism'.

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

==Page 1074==

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

==Page 1077==

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarp Saint Polycarp] was a Christian bishop of Smyrna (now İzmir in Turkey) in the second century. He was stabbed and died a martyr after an attempt to burn him at the stake failed.

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or West Ukrainian National Republic (1918-19). See the link in the ''Galicia'' entry.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
The Lwów School of Mathematics, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920.

==Page 1078==
'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in the Scottish Café[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo]

Here used to explain a variant of the Banach–Tarski paradox [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox] which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra used to end with this statement: ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be proved.

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to", and 'dissonant' as they may appear), form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

==Page 1082==

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''Penny Black''' 
The Penny Black, the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black].

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-03-10T19:26:06Z

Tommaso: /* Page 1080 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
1875-1947, French composer chiefly known for art songs.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
1885-1957, French film actor and director.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
Her surname is the name of a popular French cheese.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops.

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive as translated in text?

==Page 1070==

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''''Macchè''''' 
Italian: Naw.

==Page 1071==

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it' 'Fascism'.

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

==Page 1074==

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

==Page 1077==

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarp Saint Polycarp] was a Christian bishop of Smyrna (now İzmir in Turkey) in the second century. He was stabbed and died a martyr after an attempt to burn him at the stake failed.

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or West Ukrainian National Republic (1918-19). See the link in the ''Galicia'' entry.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
The Lwów School of Mathematics, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920.

==Page 1078==
'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in the Scottish Café[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo]

Here used to explain a variant of the Banach–Tarski paradox [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox] which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra used to end with this statement: ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be proved.

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to", and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

==Page 1082==

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''Penny Black''' 
The Penny Black, the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black].

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 976-999

2007-03-09T15:18:36Z

Tommaso: /* Page 995 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 976==

'''Madera revolution''' 
in 1910, out of Mexico, led by Madera. Ramifications felt in El Paso, where a Senate Committee investigated in 1912 and found Standard Oil partly responsible. 
Relevant?--a Mormon settlement was investigated as part of the investigation.

==Page 977==

'''Majolica''' 
A particular type of white colour glaze for earthenware ceramics that was known for its ability to mimic (poorly) historically expensive porcelain. Its name comes from the practice of importing it into Europe through the ports of the Balearic island Majorca from the Mid-east.

'''I'm Going..Salome''' 
Stanley Murphy, lyricist, written before 1909. 
"I'm going to get myself a black Salome" 
Composer: Wynn, Ed 1886-1966
Lyrics: Big Bill Jefferson a railroad man (first line of text)
Contributors: Murphy, Stanley 1875-1919
Publication Date: 1908
For voice and piano.
Cover ill.: African American man watching a belly dancer. Photo of Ed. Wynn.

==Page 978==

''''''Tá bien, no te preocupes, m'hija''''' 
Spanish: It's all right, don't trouble yourself, my dear.

'''Galluses''' 
a pair of suspenders for trousers. "Braces" in British English.

'''Czolgosz''' 
Leon Frank Czolgosz (January 24, 1873 – October 29, 1901) was the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley. In the last few years of his short life he was heavily influenced by anarchists like Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Frank_Czolgosz From Wikipedia]

'''President McKinley''' 
William McKinley, Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley from Wikipedia]

'''One thousand Fast Lake Navigation, 158 Fast Express, and 206 Automobile Inverts''' 
[http://www.filbert.com/stamplistopedia/us_inverts/default.htm Here] is a page with images of the stamp. Also, an interesting little [http://www.topix.net/forum/hobbies/stamp-collecting/TAN9GV5A1E1LCSGDV online tidbit] which references this stamp with the inverted center to which this page refers.

These misprinted ("alternate") stamps, associated with Anarchism, and the philatelically-named Jenny Invert with her similar association to the Anarchist collective at Yz-le-Bans, inevitably call to mind the subtly altered stamps of the anarchist (or at any rate anti-government) Trystero in ''Lot 49'', postage in an alterntive, underground communication system.
We have, then, the theme of underground, alternative communication introduced.

==Page 979==

'''Hanna's miserable stooge''' 
Mark Hanna (September 24, 1837–February 15, 1904), born Marcus Alonzo Hanna, was an industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. He rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful Republican Presidential candidate William McKinley in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hanna From Wikipedia]. Obviously, the stooge refers to McKinley.

'''henriettia''' 
Weave: Twill 
Characteristics: Originally consisted of worsted filling and silk warp. Today, it can be found in a variety of blends. It has excellent drapability. It's weight and quality vary with fibres, however, when created with silk and wool it is lustrous and soft.
Uses: Dress goods. Textile Dictionary

'''Oedipal Spectacle''' 
From the myth of Oedipus Rex, about a returning son killing his father, rendered infamous through Freud's interpretation of its significance to men.

And perhaps a Pynchon in-joke of sorts. The protagonist of ''Lot 49'' is Oedipa Maas (it has been suggested: "More Oedipal"), also in trouble over stamps; in fact "Lot 49" refers to the auction lot of Trystero-altered stamps in the collection of Pierce Inverarity (it has been suggested: "Inverse Rarity"), for whose estate Oedipa is executor. A few pages from here the issue of alternate communication forms will be introduced; these references to the issues in ''Lot 49'' could serve to alert the experienced reader of Pynchon to their importance in AtD.

==Page 980==

==Page 981==

'''the one with the destiny''' 
Do we learn anything about this odd Oust child?

(Presumably Ewball?). No, this one is apparently a little child when Ewball is a grownup.

'''tintypes''' 
A cheap, common and durable form of black and white photographic image where a sensitised collodion is poured upon a thin sheet of soot blackened tin, exposed and developed. Often hand-coloured. The most notable practitioners and teachers of the process in the US are [http://www.collodion.org/ Mark Osterman and France Scully Osterman]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintype tintype wikipedia entry].

==Page 982==

'''the Madero Revolution had moved on''' 
When Madero took office as president in 1911.

'''Emilio Vázquez''' 
Or Vázquez Gómez. An anti-Madero figure.

'''Magonistas''' 
Mexican anarchists, followers of Enrique and Ricardo Flores Magón.

==Page 983==

'''Pascual Orozco''' 
1882-1915, importer of armaments from U.S., maderista, revolted against Madero government in 1912.

'''José Inés Salazar''' 
Fought with Orozco against Madero.

'''Braulio Hernández''' 
Radical Orozquista.

'''Pancho Villa''' 
Christened Doroteo Arango Arámbula, 1878-1923, Mexican revolutionary general and folk hero.

'''José Gonzáles Salas''' 
Maderista general in command against Orozco; replaced by Huerta, to Madero's later discomfiture.

==Page 984==

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Spanish: (ready) for your orders.

'''''Andale, muchachos''''' 
Spanish: let's go, boys.

==Page 985==

==Page 986==

==Page 987==

'''Benito Juárez Maza''' 
Not the president of Mexico but his son, governor of Oaxaca from 1911 until his death the next year.

==Page 988==

'''chegomista''' 
Follower of Che Gómez, identified on page 987.

'''"El Reparador"''' 
Spanish: "The Fixer." Epithet of a hundred operators in crime literature.

'''''Wie geht's, mein alter Kumpel''''' 
German: How are you, my old workmate?

==Page 989==

'''''a face he recognized''''' 
Another angel modeled on Dally?

'''''"máquina loca," "muerte"'' and ''"tú"''''' 
Spanish: "crazy locomotive," "dead" and "you."

'''When his eyes refocused, whoever had spoken had moved on''' 
Frank has, at recognizing Dally's face, gone into the same kind of trance, a merger with the moment, or with the machine, that had almost taken him into the collision with the Federal train on P.985. The warning words seem to be "crazy machine", "dead" and "you". A warning from the Angel of Death, via another Alternate Communication channel.

'''''Tu madre chingada puta''''' 
Rude, rude Spanish: Your mother's a fucking whore.

==Page 990==

'''Machine-Age nightmare...the future of coffee''' 
Another Crazy Machine, or perhaps "Out of Control" machine (the governor on the locomotive on P.985 "no longer regulated anything"). Coffee is being industrialized, contributing to the ubiquity of outlets on P. 817, not to mention today, with overwhelming consequences for the indigenous growers.

'''Melpómene''' 
Name of the Greek muse of tragedy.

==Page 991==

'''''Ahora, apágate''''' 
Spanish: Now put yourself out, extinguish yourself.

==Page 992==

'''''instantaneously''''' 
In violation of Einstein's special theory of relativity. 
a wireless, immediate, human way of communicating.

==Page 993==

'''It is like the telephone exchange...the single greater organism remains intact, coherent, connected.''' 
Actually not like the telephone exchange. On P. 708, Derrick Theign worries that in case of war, telephone and telegraph will become unreliable; this is his reason for creating the R.U.S.H. This telepathic network, like an unfailing cell phone network, is far more reliable.

==Page 994==

'''He knew what it was but could not find its name in his memory''' 
Presumably the unknown menace from which Aztlan's inhabitants fled. But suggestive both of air attack and the menace of North American industrialization in 1900 and NAFTA in 2000.

'''Indicative world''' 
Very potent phrase. The world of everyday reality, indicating the deepeer reality of the visions?

'''the Huerta coup''' 
Against Madero, who was shot, February 1913.

'''Decena Trágica''' 
Spanish: the tragic ten days.

==Page 995==

'''It was the first time he was aware of getting paid for being stupid. Could there be a future in this?''' 

Sounds like another Pynchonian 'in-joke'. In "Vineland", Zoyd Wheeler is getting his yearly cheques for precisely that, i.e. doing something stupid.

==Page 996==

'''Since last September the mine workers' union had been out on strike''' 
The Colorado "coal war" of September 1913 to April 1914; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist.html here is an eye-opening account.]

==Page 997==

'''Pagosa Springs''' 
South Central Colorado town in the heart of the San Juan Forest.

==Page 998==

'''...over Wolf Creek Pass, into the San Luis Valley...San Luis Basin...through Fort Garland...up the Sangre de Cristos over North La Veta Pass...the first rooftops of Walsenburg.''' 
The route described would take them from the presumably UMW-sympathetic mining country in the San Juans, north and east along current US highway 160 (called the Navaho Trail), across the San Luis Valley and Basin to North La Veta Pass, with Walsenburg and the prairies and canyons of the coal country beyond to the east (the only safe approach to the striking mines).

The geography of this journey is as carefully described as the various characters' journeys through the Balkans (the description of the view of the Spanish Peaks and Culebra Range are absolutely accurate), and there must be a reason, something these regions have in common.

The San Luis Valley and immediately adjacent areas are the furthest northeastern reaches of the Spanish Empire in North America, part of the Province of Nueva Mexico del Norte of New Spain, later Mexico (part of which became the state of New Mexico in 1912). The area around Telluride would be the northern border of Pynchon's vision of Aztlan (it is in fact the northern border of the Pueblo settlements). These are, therefore, like the Balkans, borders between newly industrializing empires and older, tribally-organized, "pre-scientific" cultures (both with indigenous mystical/spiritual traditions, with which the characters interact). Here and in nearby Mexico, mechanization and industrialization of resource extraction are causing heartbreaking exploitation and violence, and the indigenous shamanism and mysticism and their unmediated power are being destroyed by advancing industrial civilization, exactly as described by Dwight Prance on P.777.

Niall Ferguson(''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'', Penguin Press, 2006) points to three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility (See note to P.939). Both the Balkans and the American Southwest/Mexico fulfilled those conditions.

==Page 999==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 892-918

2007-03-06T12:06:46Z

Tommaso: /* Page 915 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 892==

'''Bodeo-packing''' 
The Bodeo was the Italian service pistol; this suggests police [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_pistol].

'''''coglioni''''' 
Means testicle literally, with the connotation of a dumb person. ...

'''Bloomsbury''' 
Fashionable London district including the British Museum and University College London.

'''west of Regents Park''' 
The huge park is in northern central London. To the west are Lisson, Paddington, Westbourne Green, Kensal Town and other districts.

Parts of ''The Princess Casamassima'' are set in Lisson Grove.

==Page 893==

'''taximeter cab''' 
The taximeter is the device that measures and totalizes miles traveled.

'''Fedora''' 
Capitalized because at the time it was recognized as a proper name: from Sardou's play ''Fédora.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fedora_(hat) Description, picture and history on Wikipedia.]

'''Lampo''' 
Italian-made pistol.

'''Peckham Rye''' 
District in southeast London.

Perhaps of significance, perhaps not: site of Muriel Sparks' 1960 novel ''The Ballad of Peckham Rye'', in which one character, around whom the action revolves, may or may not be teh Devil, but who is certainly disruptive of normal middle class values.

'''"Vitaï Lampada"''' 
Dally noting passages from the Newbolt poem quoted by Cyprian on page 813 and by Dr. De Bottle on page 236.

'''pietà''' 
Works so titled commonly show Mary, the mother of Jesus, with his body after its removal from the cross.

==Page 894==

'''predators' wings''' 
Western art mostly depicts angels with the wings of prey species, namely doves.

'''Angel of Death''' 
This angel appears in ''V.'' and ''GR'' too.

'''Pegamoid traveler's satchel''' 
Pegamoid: a fabric coated with [http://www.kwhplast.com/Default.aspx?id=454043 plasticized nitrocellulose;] used for early aircraft fuselages, convertible roofs and wallets. There is a [http://www.londontown.com/LondonStreets/pegamoid_road_6f6.html Pegamoid Road] in the borough of Enfield, London.

== Page 895 ==

'''capitalist temples . . . those of us who do''' 
Is Dally a concrete being or an abstraction? Here she is flipping back and forth.

'''''The Spirit of Bimetallism''''' 
Beautiful title: invented image for a perfectly spiritless policy.

And one that had turned to blood in the Colorado mines.

'''''semeuse''''' 
French: girl sowing seeds.

'''Charlie Sykes'''
Charles Robinson Sykes was a sculptor who designed the hood ornament for Rolls Royce, called "The Spirit of Ecstasy." See also p. 1074.

==Page 896==

'''Three Choirs Festival ... Phrygian resonances''' 
Ralph Vaughan Williams' "Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis" was composed in 1910 for the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Choirs_Festival Three Choirs Festival], a British music festival held each August alternately at the cathedrals of Hereford, Gloucester and Worcester and originally featuring their three choirs. The theme on which Vaughan Williams based his work is in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrygian_mode Phrygian mode] which, in Greek music theory, was based on the Phrygian tetrachord, a series of rising intervals of a whole tone, followed by a semitone, followed by a whole tone. Applied to a whole octave, the Phrygian mode was built upon two Phrygian tetrachords separated by a whole tone (playing all the white keys on a piano keyboard from D to D sounds the Greek Phrygian mode). However, when the early Christian church developed its eight modes, the medieval modes were given the wrong Greek names, resulting in a ''second'' Phrygian mode, one that sounds quite different (played on the white keys from E to E) from the Greek mode of the same name, a more "exotic," Arabic sound (The 1960s hit "White Rabbit" has a Phrygian feel and the mode was actually fairly popular in the 60s). Thus, in ''Against the Day'', another incidence of doubling. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasia_on_a_Theme_of_Thomas_Tallis More from Wikipedia on "Fantasia on a Theme"]. [[Pythagorean Theory of Music and Color]]

'''very slowly Ruperta began to levitate...''' 
Ruperta's levitation, caused or triggered by the Phrygian music she is hearing, has a Pythagorean precedent:

:Pythagoras discovered that the seven modes — or keys — of the Greek system of music had the power to incite or allay the various emotions. It is related that while observing the stars one night he encountered a young man befuddled with strong drink and mad with jealousy who was piling faggots about his mistress' door with the intention of burning the house. The frenzy of the youth was accentuated by a flutist a short distance away who was playing a tune in the stirring Phrygian mode. Pythagoras induced the musician to change his air to the slow, and rhythmic Spondaic mode, whereupon the intoxicated youth immediately became composed and, gathering up his bundles of wood, returned quietly to his own home. From [[Pythagorean Theory of Music and Color]]

However, whereas in the Pythagoras story the Phrygian mode causes the young man to become agitated, in Ruperta's case, the effect is physically and spiritually uplifting.

'''Ralph Vaughan Williams''' 
English composer, 1872-1958 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams]. He premiered the [http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/works/v-w/tallisfantasia.html "Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis"] in 1910.

'''Somehow, I alone, for every single wrong act of my life, must find a right one to balance it''' 
Ruperta retuns to earth a Buddhist; her first step is to restore karmic balance in her life. If any music in the world could produce such a transformation, it is Vaughan Williams' ''Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis'', heard in an English cathedral's acoustics. This, too, produces alternate histories.
:That is one of the most elegant entries in this whole wiki.

==Page 897==

'''imprimatura''' 
The unfilled white ground of a canvas, painted only with white primer. (It can be other than white, especially in Venetian painting.)

'''immoderate light-space ..Dido Building Carthage''' 
[http://www.victorianweb.org/painting/turner/paintings/carthage.html 1815 painting in the National Gallery, London.]

==Page 898==

'''''mitzvah''''' 
Hebrew: good or worthy deed.

'''character juvenile''' 
In a theater company the "juvenile" played a young, eligible man, counterpart to the ingenue. "Character" is almost an antonym for a stock player, having the ability to play many roles without limitation by physical type.

'''vocal range was half an octave''' 
A song as simple as "Home on the Range" calls for a full octave of range. Half an octave is not much more than inflected humming.

'''Shaftesbury Avenue, the Strand, Haymarket, and Kings Way''' 
The rough quadrangle bounded by these streets lies west of the City and includes Covent Garden, the Royal Opera House, the National Portrait Gallery and one entrance to Charing Cross railway station.

'''from Camberwell Green to Notting Hill Gate''' 
Camberwell Green is in southeast London, Notting Hill Gate in the west central part of the area.

'''Scotch eggs''' 
A delicacy Americans often just refuse to believe: a hard-boiled egg enrobed in sausage meat and deep-fried.

'''chip-shop newspaper''' 
The newspaper used to wrap the fish and chips (US: French Fries); very greasy, naturally, but the only paper that may come to hand.

==Page 899==

'''laddered stockings''' 
Britishism; in US parlance, stockings ruined by a run (producing a laddered effect).

'''beauties of photogravuredom''' 
When newspapers used the gravure process, costs dictated they reserve it for pictorial material of special value, often publishing a separate section or even a magazine showing fashionably dressed women.

'''Turkish railway intrigues''' 
Refers to the international machinations among the Powers over the proposed (Berlin to) Baghdad Railway, in fact the Basra railway. Such a rail link would give Germany access to development of a large swath of the Ottoman Empire, and make possible a naval presence in the Persian Gulf, seen by Britain as a threat to routes to India in case of war. Elsewhere in AtD there are references to the proposed routes for this rail network (routes through East Roumelia,; the Orient Express route), which was eventually completed--the last link being put in place under Vichy France in Syria in 1940 [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/boshtml/bos139.htm].

The meaning within AtD of such a network, linking Europe and Asia, widens to potential links to Russian railways, e.g. the Trans-Caucasian Kit rides, and the Trans-Siberian; and via Palestine and Cairo, to Cecil Rhodes' proposed Cape to Cairo Railway. Add the recently completed Channel Tunnel and a recently proposed Bering Strait Tunnel, and there is a potential for a world-spanning network of steel rails, binding everywhere to everywhere--a 19th Century dream come true--and the old routes languish, as in Ostend.

==Page 900==

'''Finsbury''' 
North of the City of London and near the suggestively named Shoreditch.

'''Northumberland Avenue''' 
Upscale street near Charing Cross and Scotland Yard.

'''in expensive ''déshabillé''''' 
''Déshabillé'' is French: undressed. I.e., dressed (expensively) but not dressed to go out.

'''Overlunch''' 
Dally and Lew meet over lunch. Nice.

'''Moon, Sun''' 
Which Dally held in her balance as the Spirit of Bimetallism, P.895.

==Page 901==

'''Vionnet-gowned''' 
Madeleine Vionnet (June 22, 1876 - 1975) was a French fashion designer. Called the "Queen of the bias cut" and "the architect among dressmakers," Vionnet is best-known today for her elegant Grecian-style dresses and for introducing the bias cut to the fashion world. The bias cut and absence of padding allowed a new freedom of movement {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Vionnet].

'''Sirius, which ruled this part of the summer''' 
A sky enigma [[ATD_792-820#Page_796|(see the annotations to page 796 for another)]]. In old beliefs, Sirius "ruled" late summer (the "Dog Days") by lining up with the Sun so that their heats added together. In this season Sirius and the Earth are on opposite sides of the Sun, so that you look toward the Sun and see Sirius near it and behind it; Sirius sets a little time before or after sunset rather than ascending throughout the evening.

I suggest it is worth the effort to seek a way this passage can be technically and thematically right. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 14:44, 28 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 902==

'''playing now in 3/4, too fast to be called a waltz...''' 
Disaster in 3/4 time--see P.809 and note. Once again the pace of movement toward the European Disaster is picking up; here again there is an echo of Ravel's chaotic ''La Valse''.

'''West End''' 
Area, centered roughly on Shaftesbury Avenue, where London legitimate theaters concentrate. British equivalent of Broadway.

==Page 903==

'''rapid changes in Turkish politics''' 
The Turkish oscillations between the other Powers, here principally England and Germany, the Berlin to Baghdad Railway being one among the issues at stake.

'''level of 'reality' at which nations, like money in the bank, are merged and indistinguishable''' 
This rather cryptic line will take on more meaning on P.904, where there is reference to alternate historical possibilities (note teh partail quotes areound 'reality'), literally merging England and Germany, victor and vanquished in the First World War. This is also an Anarchist tenet, the equally evil nature of all governments.

==Page 904==

'''A royal charter . . . illuminating gas''' 
Ernest Augustus (1771-1851) was a younger son of British and Hanoverian King George III. In Britain he had a substantial military career and, as Duke of Cumberland, began to pursue a political one as well. His niece Victoria acceded to the British throne in 1837—the crown passing to her as heiress of an older son of George III—but Hanover's laws said a woman could not serve as monarch there, so the royal dynasty split. Ernest Augustus was named King of Hanover and occupied the throne until his death. He evidently used the name Ernst-August in Hannover.

(Göttingen, by the way, lay in this kingdom. Its university was founded by Ernest Augustus' great-grandfather George II.)

The tunnel in question would link Galloway in Scotland to Ulster in Ireland, burrowing under 20 miles of seabed in waters some 100 fathoms (over 150 m) deep. In 1837-51 it was laughably unfeasible, and indeed it would not become an economic proposition until over a century later. (From most parts of Britain it would be harder to get to Galloway than Ireland anyway.)

So the "charter" mentioned in the text was granted for an impossible project by a monarch who, our history tells us, had no jurisdiction in the countries affected. It is essential to read this bit of text in conjunction with the Grand Cohen's speculations on pages 230-231.

(What is suggested here is that the building houses files from alternate timelines, alternate histories,; or: from alternate Possibilities that collapsed into the certainty of a single timeline).

'''A railroad . . . East Roumelia''' 
As in ''Mason & Dixon,'' another straight line cast across the land.

And part of the proposed German financed Berlin to Baghdad network outflanking Britain's sea routes, through some territory of doubtful and disputed sovereignty.

'''guilloche''' 
Or guilloché, a pattern of interlaced curved lines.

'''A deed . . . east of Wolverton and north of Bletchley''' 
Is it coincidence that this area contains the designed town of Milton Keynes? Bletchley has another resonance: Alan Turing worked during WWII at Bletchley Park, the center for British code-breaking.

'''Obock''' 
A real French colony in present-day Djibouti; sovereignty is not made clear by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obock Wikipedia entry.]

'''Sagallo''' 
A Russian colony near Obock; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagallo another Wikipedia article.]

'''Atchinoff''' 
Or Achinov: adventurer who sought in 1889 to establish the colony of Sagallo.

'''the archimandrite Païsi''' 
Archimandrite: a ranking priest in the Orthodox Church.

==Page 905==

'''lunes''' 
A lune is the surface formed by cutting a sphere with two planes each including the center.

'''nacreous''' 
Having the luster of pearl or mother-of-pearl.

'''Madame Entrevue''' 
Mrs. Interview.

==Page 906==

'''but it's ''they'' who want to sell ''him'' something''' 
Uh-oh. The device that Umeki took away is coming back.

==Page 907==

'''condition of sin''' 
Possible reference to the (perhaps hopeless) intertwining of spiritual and temporal quests, like the search for Shambhala. The seeking of knowledge seems hopelessly entwined with the seeking of power.

==Page 908==

'''what some were beginning to call Istanbul''' 
[[ATD_821-848#Page_846|See annotation to page 846.]]

'''Cağaloğlu''' 
District in Istanbul somewhat west of Aya Sophia.

'''Byzantine schemes''' 
Wonderful play on words. Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire until the Turkish conquest of 1458; any complex intrigue, said to be typical of the old and very sophisticated Empire, is called "Byzantine" in complexity. Here of course the schemes are both complex and, located in Constantinople, literally Byzantine. A good example of Pynchonian "Temporal Bandwidth"; this is a multicultural, multitemporal joke.

'''Szeged''' 
City in southern Hungary, a major center of paprika production.

'''Wagons-Lits''' 
Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits et des Grands Express Européens (the International Sleeping-Car Company and Great European Expresses). Originally, the company deployed sleeping- and dining-cars in Europe, similar to the Pullman company in the US. The company deployed the first sleeping and dining cars for long-distance train travel in Europe. In 1883 the company started with a service to Constantinople called the Orient Express [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_Internationale_des_Wagons-Lits]. The train followed several routes in its storied history ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Express]). Kit and Dally are both on the luxury Wagons-Lits version, running by way of Vienna and Budapest [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Express]. The European sections of the route were as much subject to political machinations as the proposed Ottoman Empire continuations on to Baghdad and beyond.

==Page 909==

'''Zaharoff ''úr''''' 
Hungarian: Mr. Zaharoff.

'''''Fönök''''' 
Hungarian: principal, chief.

==Page 910==

'''Euphorbia''' 
Quick thinking, but she may not be flattered. The genus ''Euphorbia'' comprises the spurges, large-leafed plants with milky sap.

'''''Bocsánat''''' 
Hungarian: pardon!

'''''chef de brigade''''' 
French: crew chief.

'''''kalabriás''''' 
Hungarian: the complicated card game ''klaberjas'' or "klob." Kalábriász is a more common spelling.

'''Porta Orientalis''' 
The Eastern Gate Pass in the Southern Carpathians (Transylvanian Alps), complete with railway tunnel, connecting historical Translyvania with the Danubian Plain in Walachia (southern Romania).

'''Széchenyi-Tér tramline''' 
Széchenyi tér is a central city square in Szeged, where the first tramline (electric streetcar) was inaugurated in 1908.

'''Kiskúnfélegyháza''' 
Town 70 miles southeast of Budapest on the route to Szeged.

==Page 911==

'''the invisible city ahead of him gripping him ever more surely in its field''' 
Istanbul (was Constantinople...) is another city, like Venice, with enormous Temporal Bandwidth. Ancient, multicultural, politically and historically complex, it (its "field"?) grips Kit as Venice gripped Dally. It is, in fact historically connected to Venice (two poles of the medieval Mediterannean) by trade and competition. Venice had a hand in the destruction of Constantinople during a Crusade; Venetian mercenaries were among its last defenders in the Turkish siege of 1458.

'''the Sultan's threatened counterrevolution''' 
April 1909.

==Page 912==

'''drummer''' 
Salesman.

'''air show in Brescia last year''' 
The competition took place in September 1909.

'''pilots like Calderara and Cobianchi''' 
Mario Calderara (1879-1944) and Mario Cobianchi (1881-1944), Italian pioneers of aviation. For an eerie foreshadowing of ''Inconvenience'' and the Campanile, [http://www.earlyaviators.com/ecobianc.htm look at the photo near the middle of this page.]

'''''meyhane''''' 
A Turkish tavern.

'''''politissas''''' 
???

==Page 913==

'''the promise . . . year before last''' 
So the promise and Dally and Kit's goodbye took place in 1908?

'''Grand-Hôtel Tisza''' 
Named for the Tisza River.

'''''újházaspár''''' 
Hungarian: new wedded couple (literally). The formation is perfect but there is no such compound word in common usage; seems to be a calque for "newlyweds"

'''Varosi Színház''' 
Hungarian: ''Municipal Theater''. The correct spelling should be Városi.

'''Béla Blaskó . . . from Lugos''' 
In the same way that a man from Miskolc took the name Miskolci, this successful actor in another life will take a new stage name.

==Page 914==

'''''hálaszlé''''' 
Hungarian: fisherman soup.

'''Temesvár''' 
In Romanian, Timişoara, in Transylvania, another political football in 19th and early 20th century politics; reinforces the Bela Lugosi reference. - In the strict sense Temesvár/Timişoara does not belong to Transylvania proper but to Banat, a particularly multi-ethnic region between the Danube and the southernmost reaches of the Carpathians. Under Habsburg rule it was a garrison town with mostly German population, and in 1989 it was the birthplace of the Romanian revolution.

'''''The Burgher King''''' 
I.e., middle-class.

Also, of course, a play on the fast food chain, similar to the character Muller Hoch-Leben (MIller High Life) in ''GR''.

Interplay between the aristocracy and the middle (or lower) classes was a central theme in the Austro-Hugarian operetta of the age, with titles like Prince Bob, Baroness Lili, Countess Marica, the Count of Luxemburg, the Princess of Circus, and last but not least, the Queen of Csárdás, a perennial classic.

'''Schleppingsdorff''' 
Comic German name: a shlep from shlepville.

'''Machen wir . . . nichts kaufen''' 
German: Let's go for a window-shopping stroll; / Put on something fiddly (or fancy). / In streets and lanes let's just run— / Stare at everything but don't buy anything.

In addition, the German here is not correct. The second line should read "Überwirf Dir irgendeinen Fummel" or "Wirf Dir einen Fummel über", or something like that.

==Page 915==

'''''molto agitato''''' 
Italian musical direction: highly agitated.

'''So super-ficially deep...Good time girl from the K and K''' 
The plot is a mash-up of countless operettas and Mozart light opera. As far as "good time girls, superficially deep": at this point (1900-1910) the art and literature of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was replete with complicated women in complicated relationships (cf. the paintings of Gustav Klimt, the stories of Robert Musil, Stefan Zweig; not to mention Sigmund Freud's case histories, particularly "Dora"); mistresses and prostitutes did figure heavily as well.

K and K (k.u.k) stands for kaiserlich und königlich, imperial (Austrian) and royal (Hungarian).

The lyrics resemble (maybe by accident, maybe not) one of the all-time operetta hits, "Girls are angels", basically about flirtation and extramarital sex with chorus girls, from ''The Queen of Csárdás'' (see note to The Burgher King on page 914). The song is traditionally performed "wearing a silk hat at a rakish angle", and contains "superficially deep" lines like "here all existence is just an appearance / here everyone is allowed to play a role".

(the passage reads like a very Pynchonian take on the whole tradition, in a way comparable to "The Courier's Tragedy" in "Lot 49".)

==Page 916==

'''up the river''' 
The Tisza.

'''Szolnok''' 
Town east of Budapest.

'''Lake Balaton''' 
Long narrow lake in west central Hungary, with reputedly the finest beaches in Central Europe. Popular holiday resorts.

'''Pragerhof''' 
Pragersko in present-day Slovenia.

'''Venezia''' 
Venice.

'''Siófok''' 
Town on the southern shore of Lake Balaton.

==Page 917==

'''gaff-riggers''' 
A gaff-rigger is a boat or ship with gaff-rigged sails. Gaff-rigged denotes a fore-and-aft sail bent to a mast, to a boom at the lower edge, and to a gaff (inclined spar) extending from the mast at the top.

'''''fogások''''' 
Hungarian: zanders (''Lucioperca lucioperca'' or ''sandra''). The correct spelling is ''fogasok'', without an accent.

==Page 918==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 892-918

2007-03-06T12:04:15Z

Tommaso: /* Page 914 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 892==

'''Bodeo-packing''' 
The Bodeo was the Italian service pistol; this suggests police [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_pistol].

'''''coglioni''''' 
Means testicle literally, with the connotation of a dumb person. ...

'''Bloomsbury''' 
Fashionable London district including the British Museum and University College London.

'''west of Regents Park''' 
The huge park is in northern central London. To the west are Lisson, Paddington, Westbourne Green, Kensal Town and other districts.

Parts of ''The Princess Casamassima'' are set in Lisson Grove.

==Page 893==

'''taximeter cab''' 
The taximeter is the device that measures and totalizes miles traveled.

'''Fedora''' 
Capitalized because at the time it was recognized as a proper name: from Sardou's play ''Fédora.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fedora_(hat) Description, picture and history on Wikipedia.]

'''Lampo''' 
Italian-made pistol.

'''Peckham Rye''' 
District in southeast London.

Perhaps of significance, perhaps not: site of Muriel Sparks' 1960 novel ''The Ballad of Peckham Rye'', in which one character, around whom the action revolves, may or may not be teh Devil, but who is certainly disruptive of normal middle class values.

'''"Vitaï Lampada"''' 
Dally noting passages from the Newbolt poem quoted by Cyprian on page 813 and by Dr. De Bottle on page 236.

'''pietà''' 
Works so titled commonly show Mary, the mother of Jesus, with his body after its removal from the cross.

==Page 894==

'''predators' wings''' 
Western art mostly depicts angels with the wings of prey species, namely doves.

'''Angel of Death''' 
This angel appears in ''V.'' and ''GR'' too.

'''Pegamoid traveler's satchel''' 
Pegamoid: a fabric coated with [http://www.kwhplast.com/Default.aspx?id=454043 plasticized nitrocellulose;] used for early aircraft fuselages, convertible roofs and wallets. There is a [http://www.londontown.com/LondonStreets/pegamoid_road_6f6.html Pegamoid Road] in the borough of Enfield, London.

== Page 895 ==

'''capitalist temples . . . those of us who do''' 
Is Dally a concrete being or an abstraction? Here she is flipping back and forth.

'''''The Spirit of Bimetallism''''' 
Beautiful title: invented image for a perfectly spiritless policy.

And one that had turned to blood in the Colorado mines.

'''''semeuse''''' 
French: girl sowing seeds.

'''Charlie Sykes'''
Charles Robinson Sykes was a sculptor who designed the hood ornament for Rolls Royce, called "The Spirit of Ecstasy." See also p. 1074.

==Page 896==

'''Three Choirs Festival ... Phrygian resonances''' 
Ralph Vaughan Williams' "Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis" was composed in 1910 for the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Choirs_Festival Three Choirs Festival], a British music festival held each August alternately at the cathedrals of Hereford, Gloucester and Worcester and originally featuring their three choirs. The theme on which Vaughan Williams based his work is in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrygian_mode Phrygian mode] which, in Greek music theory, was based on the Phrygian tetrachord, a series of rising intervals of a whole tone, followed by a semitone, followed by a whole tone. Applied to a whole octave, the Phrygian mode was built upon two Phrygian tetrachords separated by a whole tone (playing all the white keys on a piano keyboard from D to D sounds the Greek Phrygian mode). However, when the early Christian church developed its eight modes, the medieval modes were given the wrong Greek names, resulting in a ''second'' Phrygian mode, one that sounds quite different (played on the white keys from E to E) from the Greek mode of the same name, a more "exotic," Arabic sound (The 1960s hit "White Rabbit" has a Phrygian feel and the mode was actually fairly popular in the 60s). Thus, in ''Against the Day'', another incidence of doubling. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasia_on_a_Theme_of_Thomas_Tallis More from Wikipedia on "Fantasia on a Theme"]. [[Pythagorean Theory of Music and Color]]

'''very slowly Ruperta began to levitate...''' 
Ruperta's levitation, caused or triggered by the Phrygian music she is hearing, has a Pythagorean precedent:

:Pythagoras discovered that the seven modes — or keys — of the Greek system of music had the power to incite or allay the various emotions. It is related that while observing the stars one night he encountered a young man befuddled with strong drink and mad with jealousy who was piling faggots about his mistress' door with the intention of burning the house. The frenzy of the youth was accentuated by a flutist a short distance away who was playing a tune in the stirring Phrygian mode. Pythagoras induced the musician to change his air to the slow, and rhythmic Spondaic mode, whereupon the intoxicated youth immediately became composed and, gathering up his bundles of wood, returned quietly to his own home. From [[Pythagorean Theory of Music and Color]]

However, whereas in the Pythagoras story the Phrygian mode causes the young man to become agitated, in Ruperta's case, the effect is physically and spiritually uplifting.

'''Ralph Vaughan Williams''' 
English composer, 1872-1958 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams]. He premiered the [http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/works/v-w/tallisfantasia.html "Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis"] in 1910.

'''Somehow, I alone, for every single wrong act of my life, must find a right one to balance it''' 
Ruperta retuns to earth a Buddhist; her first step is to restore karmic balance in her life. If any music in the world could produce such a transformation, it is Vaughan Williams' ''Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis'', heard in an English cathedral's acoustics. This, too, produces alternate histories.
:That is one of the most elegant entries in this whole wiki.

==Page 897==

'''imprimatura''' 
The unfilled white ground of a canvas, painted only with white primer. (It can be other than white, especially in Venetian painting.)

'''immoderate light-space ..Dido Building Carthage''' 
[http://www.victorianweb.org/painting/turner/paintings/carthage.html 1815 painting in the National Gallery, London.]

==Page 898==

'''''mitzvah''''' 
Hebrew: good or worthy deed.

'''character juvenile''' 
In a theater company the "juvenile" played a young, eligible man, counterpart to the ingenue. "Character" is almost an antonym for a stock player, having the ability to play many roles without limitation by physical type.

'''vocal range was half an octave''' 
A song as simple as "Home on the Range" calls for a full octave of range. Half an octave is not much more than inflected humming.

'''Shaftesbury Avenue, the Strand, Haymarket, and Kings Way''' 
The rough quadrangle bounded by these streets lies west of the City and includes Covent Garden, the Royal Opera House, the National Portrait Gallery and one entrance to Charing Cross railway station.

'''from Camberwell Green to Notting Hill Gate''' 
Camberwell Green is in southeast London, Notting Hill Gate in the west central part of the area.

'''Scotch eggs''' 
A delicacy Americans often just refuse to believe: a hard-boiled egg enrobed in sausage meat and deep-fried.

'''chip-shop newspaper''' 
The newspaper used to wrap the fish and chips (US: French Fries); very greasy, naturally, but the only paper that may come to hand.

==Page 899==

'''laddered stockings''' 
Britishism; in US parlance, stockings ruined by a run (producing a laddered effect).

'''beauties of photogravuredom''' 
When newspapers used the gravure process, costs dictated they reserve it for pictorial material of special value, often publishing a separate section or even a magazine showing fashionably dressed women.

'''Turkish railway intrigues''' 
Refers to the international machinations among the Powers over the proposed (Berlin to) Baghdad Railway, in fact the Basra railway. Such a rail link would give Germany access to development of a large swath of the Ottoman Empire, and make possible a naval presence in the Persian Gulf, seen by Britain as a threat to routes to India in case of war. Elsewhere in AtD there are references to the proposed routes for this rail network (routes through East Roumelia,; the Orient Express route), which was eventually completed--the last link being put in place under Vichy France in Syria in 1940 [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/boshtml/bos139.htm].

The meaning within AtD of such a network, linking Europe and Asia, widens to potential links to Russian railways, e.g. the Trans-Caucasian Kit rides, and the Trans-Siberian; and via Palestine and Cairo, to Cecil Rhodes' proposed Cape to Cairo Railway. Add the recently completed Channel Tunnel and a recently proposed Bering Strait Tunnel, and there is a potential for a world-spanning network of steel rails, binding everywhere to everywhere--a 19th Century dream come true--and the old routes languish, as in Ostend.

==Page 900==

'''Finsbury''' 
North of the City of London and near the suggestively named Shoreditch.

'''Northumberland Avenue''' 
Upscale street near Charing Cross and Scotland Yard.

'''in expensive ''déshabillé''''' 
''Déshabillé'' is French: undressed. I.e., dressed (expensively) but not dressed to go out.

'''Overlunch''' 
Dally and Lew meet over lunch. Nice.

'''Moon, Sun''' 
Which Dally held in her balance as the Spirit of Bimetallism, P.895.

==Page 901==

'''Vionnet-gowned''' 
Madeleine Vionnet (June 22, 1876 - 1975) was a French fashion designer. Called the "Queen of the bias cut" and "the architect among dressmakers," Vionnet is best-known today for her elegant Grecian-style dresses and for introducing the bias cut to the fashion world. The bias cut and absence of padding allowed a new freedom of movement {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Vionnet].

'''Sirius, which ruled this part of the summer''' 
A sky enigma [[ATD_792-820#Page_796|(see the annotations to page 796 for another)]]. In old beliefs, Sirius "ruled" late summer (the "Dog Days") by lining up with the Sun so that their heats added together. In this season Sirius and the Earth are on opposite sides of the Sun, so that you look toward the Sun and see Sirius near it and behind it; Sirius sets a little time before or after sunset rather than ascending throughout the evening.

I suggest it is worth the effort to seek a way this passage can be technically and thematically right. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 14:44, 28 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 902==

'''playing now in 3/4, too fast to be called a waltz...''' 
Disaster in 3/4 time--see P.809 and note. Once again the pace of movement toward the European Disaster is picking up; here again there is an echo of Ravel's chaotic ''La Valse''.

'''West End''' 
Area, centered roughly on Shaftesbury Avenue, where London legitimate theaters concentrate. British equivalent of Broadway.

==Page 903==

'''rapid changes in Turkish politics''' 
The Turkish oscillations between the other Powers, here principally England and Germany, the Berlin to Baghdad Railway being one among the issues at stake.

'''level of 'reality' at which nations, like money in the bank, are merged and indistinguishable''' 
This rather cryptic line will take on more meaning on P.904, where there is reference to alternate historical possibilities (note teh partail quotes areound 'reality'), literally merging England and Germany, victor and vanquished in the First World War. This is also an Anarchist tenet, the equally evil nature of all governments.

==Page 904==

'''A royal charter . . . illuminating gas''' 
Ernest Augustus (1771-1851) was a younger son of British and Hanoverian King George III. In Britain he had a substantial military career and, as Duke of Cumberland, began to pursue a political one as well. His niece Victoria acceded to the British throne in 1837—the crown passing to her as heiress of an older son of George III—but Hanover's laws said a woman could not serve as monarch there, so the royal dynasty split. Ernest Augustus was named King of Hanover and occupied the throne until his death. He evidently used the name Ernst-August in Hannover.

(Göttingen, by the way, lay in this kingdom. Its university was founded by Ernest Augustus' great-grandfather George II.)

The tunnel in question would link Galloway in Scotland to Ulster in Ireland, burrowing under 20 miles of seabed in waters some 100 fathoms (over 150 m) deep. In 1837-51 it was laughably unfeasible, and indeed it would not become an economic proposition until over a century later. (From most parts of Britain it would be harder to get to Galloway than Ireland anyway.)

So the "charter" mentioned in the text was granted for an impossible project by a monarch who, our history tells us, had no jurisdiction in the countries affected. It is essential to read this bit of text in conjunction with the Grand Cohen's speculations on pages 230-231.

(What is suggested here is that the building houses files from alternate timelines, alternate histories,; or: from alternate Possibilities that collapsed into the certainty of a single timeline).

'''A railroad . . . East Roumelia''' 
As in ''Mason & Dixon,'' another straight line cast across the land.

And part of the proposed German financed Berlin to Baghdad network outflanking Britain's sea routes, through some territory of doubtful and disputed sovereignty.

'''guilloche''' 
Or guilloché, a pattern of interlaced curved lines.

'''A deed . . . east of Wolverton and north of Bletchley''' 
Is it coincidence that this area contains the designed town of Milton Keynes? Bletchley has another resonance: Alan Turing worked during WWII at Bletchley Park, the center for British code-breaking.

'''Obock''' 
A real French colony in present-day Djibouti; sovereignty is not made clear by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obock Wikipedia entry.]

'''Sagallo''' 
A Russian colony near Obock; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagallo another Wikipedia article.]

'''Atchinoff''' 
Or Achinov: adventurer who sought in 1889 to establish the colony of Sagallo.

'''the archimandrite Païsi''' 
Archimandrite: a ranking priest in the Orthodox Church.

==Page 905==

'''lunes''' 
A lune is the surface formed by cutting a sphere with two planes each including the center.

'''nacreous''' 
Having the luster of pearl or mother-of-pearl.

'''Madame Entrevue''' 
Mrs. Interview.

==Page 906==

'''but it's ''they'' who want to sell ''him'' something''' 
Uh-oh. The device that Umeki took away is coming back.

==Page 907==

'''condition of sin''' 
Possible reference to the (perhaps hopeless) intertwining of spiritual and temporal quests, like the search for Shambhala. The seeking of knowledge seems hopelessly entwined with the seeking of power.

==Page 908==

'''what some were beginning to call Istanbul''' 
[[ATD_821-848#Page_846|See annotation to page 846.]]

'''Cağaloğlu''' 
District in Istanbul somewhat west of Aya Sophia.

'''Byzantine schemes''' 
Wonderful play on words. Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire until the Turkish conquest of 1458; any complex intrigue, said to be typical of the old and very sophisticated Empire, is called "Byzantine" in complexity. Here of course the schemes are both complex and, located in Constantinople, literally Byzantine. A good example of Pynchonian "Temporal Bandwidth"; this is a multicultural, multitemporal joke.

'''Szeged''' 
City in southern Hungary, a major center of paprika production.

'''Wagons-Lits''' 
Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits et des Grands Express Européens (the International Sleeping-Car Company and Great European Expresses). Originally, the company deployed sleeping- and dining-cars in Europe, similar to the Pullman company in the US. The company deployed the first sleeping and dining cars for long-distance train travel in Europe. In 1883 the company started with a service to Constantinople called the Orient Express [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_Internationale_des_Wagons-Lits]. The train followed several routes in its storied history ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Express]). Kit and Dally are both on the luxury Wagons-Lits version, running by way of Vienna and Budapest [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Express]. The European sections of the route were as much subject to political machinations as the proposed Ottoman Empire continuations on to Baghdad and beyond.

==Page 909==

'''Zaharoff ''úr''''' 
Hungarian: Mr. Zaharoff.

'''''Fönök''''' 
Hungarian: principal, chief.

==Page 910==

'''Euphorbia''' 
Quick thinking, but she may not be flattered. The genus ''Euphorbia'' comprises the spurges, large-leafed plants with milky sap.

'''''Bocsánat''''' 
Hungarian: pardon!

'''''chef de brigade''''' 
French: crew chief.

'''''kalabriás''''' 
Hungarian: the complicated card game ''klaberjas'' or "klob." Kalábriász is a more common spelling.

'''Porta Orientalis''' 
The Eastern Gate Pass in the Southern Carpathians (Transylvanian Alps), complete with railway tunnel, connecting historical Translyvania with the Danubian Plain in Walachia (southern Romania).

'''Széchenyi-Tér tramline''' 
Széchenyi tér is a central city square in Szeged, where the first tramline (electric streetcar) was inaugurated in 1908.

'''Kiskúnfélegyháza''' 
Town 70 miles southeast of Budapest on the route to Szeged.

==Page 911==

'''the invisible city ahead of him gripping him ever more surely in its field''' 
Istanbul (was Constantinople...) is another city, like Venice, with enormous Temporal Bandwidth. Ancient, multicultural, politically and historically complex, it (its "field"?) grips Kit as Venice gripped Dally. It is, in fact historically connected to Venice (two poles of the medieval Mediterannean) by trade and competition. Venice had a hand in the destruction of Constantinople during a Crusade; Venetian mercenaries were among its last defenders in the Turkish siege of 1458.

'''the Sultan's threatened counterrevolution''' 
April 1909.

==Page 912==

'''drummer''' 
Salesman.

'''air show in Brescia last year''' 
The competition took place in September 1909.

'''pilots like Calderara and Cobianchi''' 
Mario Calderara (1879-1944) and Mario Cobianchi (1881-1944), Italian pioneers of aviation. For an eerie foreshadowing of ''Inconvenience'' and the Campanile, [http://www.earlyaviators.com/ecobianc.htm look at the photo near the middle of this page.]

'''''meyhane''''' 
A Turkish tavern.

'''''politissas''''' 
???

==Page 913==

'''the promise . . . year before last''' 
So the promise and Dally and Kit's goodbye took place in 1908?

'''Grand-Hôtel Tisza''' 
Named for the Tisza River.

'''''újházaspár''''' 
Hungarian: new wedded couple (literally). The formation is perfect but there is no such compound word in common usage; seems to be a calque for "newlyweds"

'''Varosi Színház''' 
Hungarian: ''Municipal Theater''. The correct spelling should be Városi.

'''Béla Blaskó . . . from Lugos''' 
In the same way that a man from Miskolc took the name Miskolci, this successful actor in another life will take a new stage name.

==Page 914==

'''''hálaszlé''''' 
Hungarian: fisherman soup.

'''Temesvár''' 
In Romanian, Timişoara, in Transylvania, another political football in 19th and early 20th century politics; reinforces the Bela Lugosi reference. - In the strict sense Temesvár/Timişoara does not belong to Transylvania proper but to Banat, a particularly multi-ethnic region between the Danube and the southernmost reaches of the Carpathians. Under Habsburg rule it was a garrison town with mostly German population, and in 1989 it was the birthplace of the Romanian revolution.

'''''The Burgher King''''' 
I.e., middle-class.

Also, of course, a play on the fast food chain, similar to the character Muller Hoch-Leben (MIller High Life) in ''GR''.

Interplay between the aristocracy and the middle (or lower) classes was a central theme in the Austro-Hugarian operetta of the age, with titles like Prince Bob, Baroness Lili, Countess Marica, the Count of Luxemburg, the Princess of Circus, and last but not least, the Queen of Csárdás, a perennial classic.

'''Schleppingsdorff''' 
Comic German name: a shlep from shlepville.

'''Machen wir . . . nichts kaufen''' 
German: Let's go for a window-shopping stroll; / Put on something fiddly (or fancy). / In streets and lanes let's just run— / Stare at everything but don't buy anything.

In addition, the German here is not correct. The second line should read "Überwirf Dir irgendeinen Fummel" or "Wirf Dir einen Fummel über", or something like that.

==Page 915==

'''''molto agitato''''' 
Italian musical direction: highly agitated.

'''So super-ficially deep...Good time girl from the K and K''' 
The plot is a mash-up of countless operettas and Mozart light opera. As far as "good time girls, superficially deep": at this point (1900-1910) the art and literature of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was replete with complicated women in complicated relationships (cf. the paintings of Gustav Klimt, the stories of Robert Musil, Stefan Zweig; not to mention Sigmund Freud's case histories, particularly "Dora"); mistresses and prostitutes did figure heavily as well.

K and K (k.u.k) stands for kaiserlich und königlich, imperial (Austrian) and royal (Hungarian).

The lyrics resemble (maybe by accident, maybe not) one of the all-time operetta hits, "Girls are angels", basically about flirtation and extramarital sex with chorus girls, from ''The Queen of Csárdás'' (see note to The Burgher King on page 914). The song is traditionally performed "wearing a silk hat at a rakish angle", and contains "superficially deep" lines like "here all existence is just an appearance / here everyone is allowed to play a role".

==Page 916==

'''up the river''' 
The Tisza.

'''Szolnok''' 
Town east of Budapest.

'''Lake Balaton''' 
Long narrow lake in west central Hungary, with reputedly the finest beaches in Central Europe. Popular holiday resorts.

'''Pragerhof''' 
Pragersko in present-day Slovenia.

'''Venezia''' 
Venice.

'''Siófok''' 
Town on the southern shore of Lake Balaton.

==Page 917==

'''gaff-riggers''' 
A gaff-rigger is a boat or ship with gaff-rigged sails. Gaff-rigged denotes a fore-and-aft sail bent to a mast, to a boom at the lower edge, and to a gaff (inclined spar) extending from the mast at the top.

'''''fogások''''' 
Hungarian: zanders (''Lucioperca lucioperca'' or ''sandra''). The correct spelling is ''fogasok'', without an accent.

==Page 918==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 892-918

2007-03-06T12:03:36Z

Tommaso: /* Page 914 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 892==

'''Bodeo-packing''' 
The Bodeo was the Italian service pistol; this suggests police [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_pistol].

'''''coglioni''''' 
Means testicle literally, with the connotation of a dumb person. ...

'''Bloomsbury''' 
Fashionable London district including the British Museum and University College London.

'''west of Regents Park''' 
The huge park is in northern central London. To the west are Lisson, Paddington, Westbourne Green, Kensal Town and other districts.

Parts of ''The Princess Casamassima'' are set in Lisson Grove.

==Page 893==

'''taximeter cab''' 
The taximeter is the device that measures and totalizes miles traveled.

'''Fedora''' 
Capitalized because at the time it was recognized as a proper name: from Sardou's play ''Fédora.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fedora_(hat) Description, picture and history on Wikipedia.]

'''Lampo''' 
Italian-made pistol.

'''Peckham Rye''' 
District in southeast London.

Perhaps of significance, perhaps not: site of Muriel Sparks' 1960 novel ''The Ballad of Peckham Rye'', in which one character, around whom the action revolves, may or may not be teh Devil, but who is certainly disruptive of normal middle class values.

'''"Vitaï Lampada"''' 
Dally noting passages from the Newbolt poem quoted by Cyprian on page 813 and by Dr. De Bottle on page 236.

'''pietà''' 
Works so titled commonly show Mary, the mother of Jesus, with his body after its removal from the cross.

==Page 894==

'''predators' wings''' 
Western art mostly depicts angels with the wings of prey species, namely doves.

'''Angel of Death''' 
This angel appears in ''V.'' and ''GR'' too.

'''Pegamoid traveler's satchel''' 
Pegamoid: a fabric coated with [http://www.kwhplast.com/Default.aspx?id=454043 plasticized nitrocellulose;] used for early aircraft fuselages, convertible roofs and wallets. There is a [http://www.londontown.com/LondonStreets/pegamoid_road_6f6.html Pegamoid Road] in the borough of Enfield, London.

== Page 895 ==

'''capitalist temples . . . those of us who do''' 
Is Dally a concrete being or an abstraction? Here she is flipping back and forth.

'''''The Spirit of Bimetallism''''' 
Beautiful title: invented image for a perfectly spiritless policy.

And one that had turned to blood in the Colorado mines.

'''''semeuse''''' 
French: girl sowing seeds.

'''Charlie Sykes'''
Charles Robinson Sykes was a sculptor who designed the hood ornament for Rolls Royce, called "The Spirit of Ecstasy." See also p. 1074.

==Page 896==

'''Three Choirs Festival ... Phrygian resonances''' 
Ralph Vaughan Williams' "Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis" was composed in 1910 for the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Choirs_Festival Three Choirs Festival], a British music festival held each August alternately at the cathedrals of Hereford, Gloucester and Worcester and originally featuring their three choirs. The theme on which Vaughan Williams based his work is in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrygian_mode Phrygian mode] which, in Greek music theory, was based on the Phrygian tetrachord, a series of rising intervals of a whole tone, followed by a semitone, followed by a whole tone. Applied to a whole octave, the Phrygian mode was built upon two Phrygian tetrachords separated by a whole tone (playing all the white keys on a piano keyboard from D to D sounds the Greek Phrygian mode). However, when the early Christian church developed its eight modes, the medieval modes were given the wrong Greek names, resulting in a ''second'' Phrygian mode, one that sounds quite different (played on the white keys from E to E) from the Greek mode of the same name, a more "exotic," Arabic sound (The 1960s hit "White Rabbit" has a Phrygian feel and the mode was actually fairly popular in the 60s). Thus, in ''Against the Day'', another incidence of doubling. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasia_on_a_Theme_of_Thomas_Tallis More from Wikipedia on "Fantasia on a Theme"]. [[Pythagorean Theory of Music and Color]]

'''very slowly Ruperta began to levitate...''' 
Ruperta's levitation, caused or triggered by the Phrygian music she is hearing, has a Pythagorean precedent:

:Pythagoras discovered that the seven modes — or keys — of the Greek system of music had the power to incite or allay the various emotions. It is related that while observing the stars one night he encountered a young man befuddled with strong drink and mad with jealousy who was piling faggots about his mistress' door with the intention of burning the house. The frenzy of the youth was accentuated by a flutist a short distance away who was playing a tune in the stirring Phrygian mode. Pythagoras induced the musician to change his air to the slow, and rhythmic Spondaic mode, whereupon the intoxicated youth immediately became composed and, gathering up his bundles of wood, returned quietly to his own home. From [[Pythagorean Theory of Music and Color]]

However, whereas in the Pythagoras story the Phrygian mode causes the young man to become agitated, in Ruperta's case, the effect is physically and spiritually uplifting.

'''Ralph Vaughan Williams''' 
English composer, 1872-1958 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams]. He premiered the [http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/works/v-w/tallisfantasia.html "Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis"] in 1910.

'''Somehow, I alone, for every single wrong act of my life, must find a right one to balance it''' 
Ruperta retuns to earth a Buddhist; her first step is to restore karmic balance in her life. If any music in the world could produce such a transformation, it is Vaughan Williams' ''Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis'', heard in an English cathedral's acoustics. This, too, produces alternate histories.
:That is one of the most elegant entries in this whole wiki.

==Page 897==

'''imprimatura''' 
The unfilled white ground of a canvas, painted only with white primer. (It can be other than white, especially in Venetian painting.)

'''immoderate light-space ..Dido Building Carthage''' 
[http://www.victorianweb.org/painting/turner/paintings/carthage.html 1815 painting in the National Gallery, London.]

==Page 898==

'''''mitzvah''''' 
Hebrew: good or worthy deed.

'''character juvenile''' 
In a theater company the "juvenile" played a young, eligible man, counterpart to the ingenue. "Character" is almost an antonym for a stock player, having the ability to play many roles without limitation by physical type.

'''vocal range was half an octave''' 
A song as simple as "Home on the Range" calls for a full octave of range. Half an octave is not much more than inflected humming.

'''Shaftesbury Avenue, the Strand, Haymarket, and Kings Way''' 
The rough quadrangle bounded by these streets lies west of the City and includes Covent Garden, the Royal Opera House, the National Portrait Gallery and one entrance to Charing Cross railway station.

'''from Camberwell Green to Notting Hill Gate''' 
Camberwell Green is in southeast London, Notting Hill Gate in the west central part of the area.

'''Scotch eggs''' 
A delicacy Americans often just refuse to believe: a hard-boiled egg enrobed in sausage meat and deep-fried.

'''chip-shop newspaper''' 
The newspaper used to wrap the fish and chips (US: French Fries); very greasy, naturally, but the only paper that may come to hand.

==Page 899==

'''laddered stockings''' 
Britishism; in US parlance, stockings ruined by a run (producing a laddered effect).

'''beauties of photogravuredom''' 
When newspapers used the gravure process, costs dictated they reserve it for pictorial material of special value, often publishing a separate section or even a magazine showing fashionably dressed women.

'''Turkish railway intrigues''' 
Refers to the international machinations among the Powers over the proposed (Berlin to) Baghdad Railway, in fact the Basra railway. Such a rail link would give Germany access to development of a large swath of the Ottoman Empire, and make possible a naval presence in the Persian Gulf, seen by Britain as a threat to routes to India in case of war. Elsewhere in AtD there are references to the proposed routes for this rail network (routes through East Roumelia,; the Orient Express route), which was eventually completed--the last link being put in place under Vichy France in Syria in 1940 [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/boshtml/bos139.htm].

The meaning within AtD of such a network, linking Europe and Asia, widens to potential links to Russian railways, e.g. the Trans-Caucasian Kit rides, and the Trans-Siberian; and via Palestine and Cairo, to Cecil Rhodes' proposed Cape to Cairo Railway. Add the recently completed Channel Tunnel and a recently proposed Bering Strait Tunnel, and there is a potential for a world-spanning network of steel rails, binding everywhere to everywhere--a 19th Century dream come true--and the old routes languish, as in Ostend.

==Page 900==

'''Finsbury''' 
North of the City of London and near the suggestively named Shoreditch.

'''Northumberland Avenue''' 
Upscale street near Charing Cross and Scotland Yard.

'''in expensive ''déshabillé''''' 
''Déshabillé'' is French: undressed. I.e., dressed (expensively) but not dressed to go out.

'''Overlunch''' 
Dally and Lew meet over lunch. Nice.

'''Moon, Sun''' 
Which Dally held in her balance as the Spirit of Bimetallism, P.895.

==Page 901==

'''Vionnet-gowned''' 
Madeleine Vionnet (June 22, 1876 - 1975) was a French fashion designer. Called the "Queen of the bias cut" and "the architect among dressmakers," Vionnet is best-known today for her elegant Grecian-style dresses and for introducing the bias cut to the fashion world. The bias cut and absence of padding allowed a new freedom of movement {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Vionnet].

'''Sirius, which ruled this part of the summer''' 
A sky enigma [[ATD_792-820#Page_796|(see the annotations to page 796 for another)]]. In old beliefs, Sirius "ruled" late summer (the "Dog Days") by lining up with the Sun so that their heats added together. In this season Sirius and the Earth are on opposite sides of the Sun, so that you look toward the Sun and see Sirius near it and behind it; Sirius sets a little time before or after sunset rather than ascending throughout the evening.

I suggest it is worth the effort to seek a way this passage can be technically and thematically right. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 14:44, 28 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 902==

'''playing now in 3/4, too fast to be called a waltz...''' 
Disaster in 3/4 time--see P.809 and note. Once again the pace of movement toward the European Disaster is picking up; here again there is an echo of Ravel's chaotic ''La Valse''.

'''West End''' 
Area, centered roughly on Shaftesbury Avenue, where London legitimate theaters concentrate. British equivalent of Broadway.

==Page 903==

'''rapid changes in Turkish politics''' 
The Turkish oscillations between the other Powers, here principally England and Germany, the Berlin to Baghdad Railway being one among the issues at stake.

'''level of 'reality' at which nations, like money in the bank, are merged and indistinguishable''' 
This rather cryptic line will take on more meaning on P.904, where there is reference to alternate historical possibilities (note teh partail quotes areound 'reality'), literally merging England and Germany, victor and vanquished in the First World War. This is also an Anarchist tenet, the equally evil nature of all governments.

==Page 904==

'''A royal charter . . . illuminating gas''' 
Ernest Augustus (1771-1851) was a younger son of British and Hanoverian King George III. In Britain he had a substantial military career and, as Duke of Cumberland, began to pursue a political one as well. His niece Victoria acceded to the British throne in 1837—the crown passing to her as heiress of an older son of George III—but Hanover's laws said a woman could not serve as monarch there, so the royal dynasty split. Ernest Augustus was named King of Hanover and occupied the throne until his death. He evidently used the name Ernst-August in Hannover.

(Göttingen, by the way, lay in this kingdom. Its university was founded by Ernest Augustus' great-grandfather George II.)

The tunnel in question would link Galloway in Scotland to Ulster in Ireland, burrowing under 20 miles of seabed in waters some 100 fathoms (over 150 m) deep. In 1837-51 it was laughably unfeasible, and indeed it would not become an economic proposition until over a century later. (From most parts of Britain it would be harder to get to Galloway than Ireland anyway.)

So the "charter" mentioned in the text was granted for an impossible project by a monarch who, our history tells us, had no jurisdiction in the countries affected. It is essential to read this bit of text in conjunction with the Grand Cohen's speculations on pages 230-231.

(What is suggested here is that the building houses files from alternate timelines, alternate histories,; or: from alternate Possibilities that collapsed into the certainty of a single timeline).

'''A railroad . . . East Roumelia''' 
As in ''Mason & Dixon,'' another straight line cast across the land.

And part of the proposed German financed Berlin to Baghdad network outflanking Britain's sea routes, through some territory of doubtful and disputed sovereignty.

'''guilloche''' 
Or guilloché, a pattern of interlaced curved lines.

'''A deed . . . east of Wolverton and north of Bletchley''' 
Is it coincidence that this area contains the designed town of Milton Keynes? Bletchley has another resonance: Alan Turing worked during WWII at Bletchley Park, the center for British code-breaking.

'''Obock''' 
A real French colony in present-day Djibouti; sovereignty is not made clear by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obock Wikipedia entry.]

'''Sagallo''' 
A Russian colony near Obock; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagallo another Wikipedia article.]

'''Atchinoff''' 
Or Achinov: adventurer who sought in 1889 to establish the colony of Sagallo.

'''the archimandrite Païsi''' 
Archimandrite: a ranking priest in the Orthodox Church.

==Page 905==

'''lunes''' 
A lune is the surface formed by cutting a sphere with two planes each including the center.

'''nacreous''' 
Having the luster of pearl or mother-of-pearl.

'''Madame Entrevue''' 
Mrs. Interview.

==Page 906==

'''but it's ''they'' who want to sell ''him'' something''' 
Uh-oh. The device that Umeki took away is coming back.

==Page 907==

'''condition of sin''' 
Possible reference to the (perhaps hopeless) intertwining of spiritual and temporal quests, like the search for Shambhala. The seeking of knowledge seems hopelessly entwined with the seeking of power.

==Page 908==

'''what some were beginning to call Istanbul''' 
[[ATD_821-848#Page_846|See annotation to page 846.]]

'''Cağaloğlu''' 
District in Istanbul somewhat west of Aya Sophia.

'''Byzantine schemes''' 
Wonderful play on words. Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire until the Turkish conquest of 1458; any complex intrigue, said to be typical of the old and very sophisticated Empire, is called "Byzantine" in complexity. Here of course the schemes are both complex and, located in Constantinople, literally Byzantine. A good example of Pynchonian "Temporal Bandwidth"; this is a multicultural, multitemporal joke.

'''Szeged''' 
City in southern Hungary, a major center of paprika production.

'''Wagons-Lits''' 
Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits et des Grands Express Européens (the International Sleeping-Car Company and Great European Expresses). Originally, the company deployed sleeping- and dining-cars in Europe, similar to the Pullman company in the US. The company deployed the first sleeping and dining cars for long-distance train travel in Europe. In 1883 the company started with a service to Constantinople called the Orient Express [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_Internationale_des_Wagons-Lits]. The train followed several routes in its storied history ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Express]). Kit and Dally are both on the luxury Wagons-Lits version, running by way of Vienna and Budapest [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Express]. The European sections of the route were as much subject to political machinations as the proposed Ottoman Empire continuations on to Baghdad and beyond.

==Page 909==

'''Zaharoff ''úr''''' 
Hungarian: Mr. Zaharoff.

'''''Fönök''''' 
Hungarian: principal, chief.

==Page 910==

'''Euphorbia''' 
Quick thinking, but she may not be flattered. The genus ''Euphorbia'' comprises the spurges, large-leafed plants with milky sap.

'''''Bocsánat''''' 
Hungarian: pardon!

'''''chef de brigade''''' 
French: crew chief.

'''''kalabriás''''' 
Hungarian: the complicated card game ''klaberjas'' or "klob." Kalábriász is a more common spelling.

'''Porta Orientalis''' 
The Eastern Gate Pass in the Southern Carpathians (Transylvanian Alps), complete with railway tunnel, connecting historical Translyvania with the Danubian Plain in Walachia (southern Romania).

'''Széchenyi-Tér tramline''' 
Széchenyi tér is a central city square in Szeged, where the first tramline (electric streetcar) was inaugurated in 1908.

'''Kiskúnfélegyháza''' 
Town 70 miles southeast of Budapest on the route to Szeged.

==Page 911==

'''the invisible city ahead of him gripping him ever more surely in its field''' 
Istanbul (was Constantinople...) is another city, like Venice, with enormous Temporal Bandwidth. Ancient, multicultural, politically and historically complex, it (its "field"?) grips Kit as Venice gripped Dally. It is, in fact historically connected to Venice (two poles of the medieval Mediterannean) by trade and competition. Venice had a hand in the destruction of Constantinople during a Crusade; Venetian mercenaries were among its last defenders in the Turkish siege of 1458.

'''the Sultan's threatened counterrevolution''' 
April 1909.

==Page 912==

'''drummer''' 
Salesman.

'''air show in Brescia last year''' 
The competition took place in September 1909.

'''pilots like Calderara and Cobianchi''' 
Mario Calderara (1879-1944) and Mario Cobianchi (1881-1944), Italian pioneers of aviation. For an eerie foreshadowing of ''Inconvenience'' and the Campanile, [http://www.earlyaviators.com/ecobianc.htm look at the photo near the middle of this page.]

'''''meyhane''''' 
A Turkish tavern.

'''''politissas''''' 
???

==Page 913==

'''the promise . . . year before last''' 
So the promise and Dally and Kit's goodbye took place in 1908?

'''Grand-Hôtel Tisza''' 
Named for the Tisza River.

'''''újházaspár''''' 
Hungarian: new wedded couple (literally). The formation is perfect but there is no such compound word in common usage; seems to be a calque for "newlyweds"

'''Varosi Színház''' 
Hungarian: ''Municipal Theater''. The correct spelling should be Városi.

'''Béla Blaskó . . . from Lugos''' 
In the same way that a man from Miskolc took the name Miskolci, this successful actor in another life will take a new stage name.

==Page 914==

'''''hálaszlé''''' 
Hungarian: fisherman soup.

'''Temesvár''' 
In Romanian, Timişoara, in Transylvania, another political football in 19th and early 20th century politics; reinforces the Bela Lugosi reference. - In the strict sense Temesvár/Timişoara does not belong to Transylvania proper but to Banat, a particularly multi-ethnic region between the Danube and the southernmost reaches of the Carpathians. Under Habsburg rule it was a garrison town with mostly German population, and in 1989 it was the birthplace of the Romanian revolution.

'''''The Burgher King''''' 
I.e., middle-class.

Also, of course, a play on the fast food chain, similar to the character Muller Hoch-Leben (MIller High Life) in ''GR''.

Interplay between the aristocracy and the middle (or lower) classes was a central theme in the Austro-Hugarian operetta of the age, with titles like Prince Bob, Baroness Lili, Countess Marica, the Count of Luxemburg, the Princess of Circus, and last but not least, the Queen of Csárdás, a perennial classic.

'''Schleppingsdorff''' 
Comic German name: a shlep from shlepville.

'''Machen wir . . . nichts kaufen''' 
German: Let's go for a window-shopping stroll; / Put on something fiddly (or fancy). / In streets and lanes let's just run— / Stare at everything but don't buy anything.

In addition, the German here is not correct. The second line should read "Überwirf Dir irgendeinen Fummel" oder "Wirf Dir einen Fummel über", or something like that.

==Page 915==

'''''molto agitato''''' 
Italian musical direction: highly agitated.

'''So super-ficially deep...Good time girl from the K and K''' 
The plot is a mash-up of countless operettas and Mozart light opera. As far as "good time girls, superficially deep": at this point (1900-1910) the art and literature of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was replete with complicated women in complicated relationships (cf. the paintings of Gustav Klimt, the stories of Robert Musil, Stefan Zweig; not to mention Sigmund Freud's case histories, particularly "Dora"); mistresses and prostitutes did figure heavily as well.

K and K (k.u.k) stands for kaiserlich und königlich, imperial (Austrian) and royal (Hungarian).

The lyrics resemble (maybe by accident, maybe not) one of the all-time operetta hits, "Girls are angels", basically about flirtation and extramarital sex with chorus girls, from ''The Queen of Csárdás'' (see note to The Burgher King on page 914). The song is traditionally performed "wearing a silk hat at a rakish angle", and contains "superficially deep" lines like "here all existence is just an appearance / here everyone is allowed to play a role".

==Page 916==

'''up the river''' 
The Tisza.

'''Szolnok''' 
Town east of Budapest.

'''Lake Balaton''' 
Long narrow lake in west central Hungary, with reputedly the finest beaches in Central Europe. Popular holiday resorts.

'''Pragerhof''' 
Pragersko in present-day Slovenia.

'''Venezia''' 
Venice.

'''Siófok''' 
Town on the southern shore of Lake Balaton.

==Page 917==

'''gaff-riggers''' 
A gaff-rigger is a boat or ship with gaff-rigged sails. Gaff-rigged denotes a fore-and-aft sail bent to a mast, to a boom at the lower edge, and to a gaff (inclined spar) extending from the mast at the top.

'''''fogások''''' 
Hungarian: zanders (''Lucioperca lucioperca'' or ''sandra''). The correct spelling is ''fogasok'', without an accent.

==Page 918==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 864-891

2007-03-04T14:50:08Z

Tommaso: /* Page 868 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 864==

'''galleggianti''' 
Boathouses.

==Page 865==

'''cicerone''' 
Guide, especially for a single woman.

'''''Inglesi''''' 
Italian: Englishmen.

==Page 866==

'''Gorblimey''' 
Representing a Cockney pronunciation of "God blind me!"; in medieval times, people would curse using contractions rather than breaking the third commandment (Do not use the Lord's name in vain oaths). Compare strewth, zounds, 'sblood. -- Wiktionary

'''Jenny Invert''' 
This is not her first occurrence. Part of the printing of 1918 24-cent airmail stamps showed an inverted image of a Curtis JN-4 Jenny airplane. [http://www.afa.org/magazine/1990/0790jenny.asp It's a famous and valuable stamp.]

'''Nether Wallop, Hants''' 
NETHER WALLOP, a parish in the hundred of Thorngate, county Hants, 7 miles S.W. of Andover, and 3½ N.W. of Stockbridge, its post town. The parish is situated under Danebury Hill, on which are remains of a fortification with ramparts, strengthened on the western side by an outwork, and supposed to have been formed by Canute the Great. The surface is hilly and the soil chalky. The living is a vicarage* in the diocese of Winchester, value £350. The church, dedicated to St. Andrew, contains several old monuments and two brasses-one of an abbess, bearing date 1432, and the other of a mitred abbot. Gazeteer of Ireland and Great Britain. 
Great Pynchonian name.

'''Inanimate Bird Association''' 
Concerned with clay pigeons, i.e., trapshooting.

'''rather shirty''' 

Shirty: angry, irritated, huffy, stroppy.
Maybe from "Keep your shirt on!" (Don't get angry!)

'''the key also changes day to day''' 
A code depending upon changes in the starting point for shifts in the text (e.g a book with a different starting page depending on the date, groups of letters that change starting with a different letter every day)is considered unbreakable unless one knows the starting point, called the Key.

'''''Oca ti jebem''''' 
Macedonian: I fuck your father.

'''Giles Piprake''' 
Is he aping Chico Marx? 
A small rake with women? See his remark about Ratty's wife.

==Page 867==

'''remember not to wear yellow''' 
Cyprian thinks he was seen hiding because he was wearing yellow?

'''''valletto''''' 
Italian: valet, attendant.

'''''Facciam' il porco''''' 
'lo, pig-face?

'''''Il mio ragazzo è molto geloso''''' 
Italian: My little guy is very jealous.

'''''Qualsiasi, Ciprianino''''' 
Italian: Whatever, little Cyprian.

'''The Iron Gateway''' 
an imaginary internal 'Symbolist' artwork embodying vivid hallucinatory visions within ATD? 
Also a real structure:
Iron Gateway & Draghut Mosque, Tripoli Medina
Iron Gateway, Tripoli Medina
Iron Gateway & Draghut Mosque, Tripoli Medina

'''Carlo Zen furniture''' 
Designed by Carlo Zen (Italian, 1851-1918)
Among the more prolific designers and cabinet-makers of the period was the firm of Carlo Zen. Some of his decorations suggest the strong influence of continental symbolism, while other objects reveal a keen awareness of geometric simplification.

'''Galileo Chini''' 
Galileo CHINI , famous italian painter and ceramist, was born in Florence on December 2nd 1873 and died on August 23rd 1956.
In 1896, he funded "The Art of Ceramics" (later called "Factory Fornaci S.Lorenzo). He introduced the Liberty style in Italy.
As a painter he took part at the"Biennale di Venezia" from 1901 till 1936.
In 1911 he was in Bangkok to decorate Siam King's palace.
He remained there till 1913: it was a triumph! Back in Italy, he taught at the "Accademia di Belle Arti"in Florence. Some of his beautiful works of Art can be found at the Modern Art Gallery in Rome, at the Uffizi in Florence and at the Modern Art Gallery in Palazzo Pitti.

'''Bugatti''' 
Carlo Bugatti (1856-1940), world-famous furniture designer from Milan.

==Page 868==

'''''corno''''' 
The "horned" cap worn by Doges of Venice.

'''''lo stato''''' 
The State.

'''penance....imbalance in Nature.''' 
incredible thematic paragraph that relates to revenge motif?

- seems also to refer to the idea of Karma and karmic penance. Only if you make up for the deeds done in this or in an earlier life, the karmic account will be balanced (i.e. 'Nature' in the sense of the whole cosmos).

==Page 869==

'''''salizzada''''' 
Salizzada once meant a paved street, implying that all other, less important calles were once just dirt-packed alleyways.From a Venice Guidebook.

==Page 870==

'''Not by a long chalk''' 
This mainly British expression means “not by any means”, “not at all” and often turns up in conventional expressions such as they weren’t beaten yet, not by a long chalk.
It goes back to the days in which a count or score of almost any kind was marked up on a convenient surface using chalk. At a pub or ale house this might be a note of the amount of credit you had been given (often called the chalk in the early nineteenth century), which Charles Dickens refers to in Great Expectations: “There was a bar at the Jolly Bargemen, with some alarmingly long chalk scores in it on the wall at the side of the door, which seemed to me to be never paid off.”-- Yahoo answers.

'''gibanica''' 
Croatian: a rolled pastry filled with cheese or fruit.

'''kadulja''' 
Croatian, literally: garden sage.

'''coastal Čakavština''' 
Speech of a region in coastal Croatia.

==Page 870==

==Page 871==

'''''bàcari''''' 
???

'''formulæ''' 
Spells.

==Page 872==

'''''Altezza''''' 
Italian: Highness.

==Page 873==

==Page 874==

==Page 875==

==Page 876==

'''gentleman ops''' 
A tradition in thrillers. Bulldog Drummond and Tommy Hambledon are just two in the crowd.

'''dittoes''' 
"A suit of dittoes" is an outfit of coat, vest (waistcoat) and trousers from the same fabric.

'''Wrong sod, I'm afraid''' 
Not Oscar Wilde, i.e. not a Dandy

'''religious surrender of the self''' 
See P. 836, and note. Suggests Cyprian's masochism is a form of self-transcendence; transgression as transcendence. He has indeed demonstrated his ability to lose all desire...

==Page 877==

'''...what were the chances of finding anyone seeking to transcend that, and not even particularly aware of it?''' 
Passing beyond the self, passing beyond desire (and without fanfare), Cyprtian's very Buddhist quest, is perceived only as masochistic in the Western materialist view.

==Page 878==

'''''brisance''''' 
A French word now fully adopted in English. In the context of explosives it means "shattering power."

==Page 879==

'''the least ''clairvoyante''''' 
The (woman) friend least able to exercise occult powers such as seeing the future.

==Page 880==

'''Carnesalve''' 
If Carnevale means "goodbye to meat" (beginning of the Lenten fast), Carnesalve means "hello there, meat!"

'''San Servolo''' 
Island in the Venetian Lagoon, to the southeast of San Giorgio Maggiore, from 18th century until 1978 site of the Venetian psychiatric hospital. Since 1978, site of the "Istituto per le Ricerche e gli Studi sull´Emarginazione Sociale e Culturale" (Institute for the Study of Social and Cultural Marginalization) to preserve the documents associated with the history of the psychiatric hostpital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo]. Significant comment on this Ball.

'''Signori di Notte''' 
Italian: night lords.

==Page 881==

'''...framed by Signor Fabrizio's re-imagining of Yashmeen's hair...''' 
Saved from when he cut it off? On P. 860, she says he may "do whatever he want(s) with it.

'''Parma violets''' 
A delicate variety of the flower produced in the Italian city. The blossoms are sometimes sold candied, too.

'''loggie''' 
Plural of ''loggia.'' Italian: theater box or similar feature in a formal room.

==Page 882==

'''''amoretti''''' 
Italian: "Cupids" used as space fillers or decorative elements.

'''''tesoro''''' 
Italian: treasure.

'''Quickly now ....''' 
The conception described here is technically immaculate: Reef fulfills the role of the Father, Yashmeen that of Mary, and Cyprian that of the Holy Ghost.

'''''fellatrice''''' 
Italian: fellatrix (denoting Cyprian's role, not his physiology).

==Page 883==

==Page 884==

==Page 885==

'''outmoded sexual protocols''' 
Again, transgression = transcendence. Of course, also parallels struggl;es over acceptance of homosexuality in our times.

'''nasal intrusion''' 
Sticking one's nose into something.

'''''chavalitos''''' 
Spanish: kids.

==Page 886==

'''Grand Army of the Matrimonial Republic''' 
The Grand Army of the Republic comprised Union veterans of the American Civil War. Its heyday came around 1890-1910.

==Page 887==

==Page 887-888==
'''[T]he dream came and found him...''' 
Reef's contribution to the hallucination/dream motif previously referenced in the Traverse sections of the novel. The color yellow seems to be significant here and elsewhere, especially coded to Webb Traverse. [More forthcoming]

<blockquote>
          In the dream they were no longer in the ghostly canyons of the McElmo but in the city, not Venice but noplace American either, with an umappable operational endlessless (sic) to its streets, the same ancient, disquieting pictures engraved on its walls as back in the McElmo, spelling out a story whose pitiless truth couldn't be admitted officially by the authorities here because of the danger to the public sanity.... It was darker out here than he had any idea of. In the distance Reef caught sight of a procession of miners in their long rubber coats, only one of them, about halfway along, with the candle stub in his hat lit. Like postulants in habits, they proceeded single file down a narrow street like a humid drift lit back or front by a yellow lamp. As Reef came closer he saw the bearer of the light was Webb. 
        "Small victories," Webb greeted him. "Just to come away with one or two. To praise and to honor the small victories where and however they happen." 
        "Hasn't been too many of them lately, Pa," Reef tried to say. 
        "Not talking about yours, you numbskull." 
        Understanding that this was Webb's attempt to pass on another message, like up the séance in the Alps, Reef saw just for one lucid instant that this was the precise intelligence he needed to get him back to where he had wandered off the trail, so long ago. And then he was awake and trying to remember why it was important.</blockquote>

[[User:Bean|remy]] 13:15, 28 December 2006 (PST)

endlessless: typo for endlessness

pictures engraved on the walls: the Puebloan pictograms

'''Garfagnana''' 
Historical region of Italy, today part of the province of Lucca in the Apennines, in northwest Tuscany, but before the unification of Italy it belonged to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, ruled by the Este family. For a short time, in the 16th century, it was governed by the poet Ludovico Ariosto [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfagnana].

'''Bagni di Lucca''' 
Notable only because of the similarity in name to Banjaluka (or Banja Luka), Croatia, mentioned on page 834.

Might also add: Novi Pazar = Novi Bazar = Newmarket.

'''homeopathic principle''' 
Like cures like. To alleviate an allergy, according to homeopathic doctrine, administer the allergen in an exceedingly dilute form.

==Page 889==

'''Say surly topple''' 
You can't help thinking Reef does this on purpose. French ''C'est sur la table'': It's on the table.

'''pasta asciutta''' 
Pasta dish with potatoes and green beans.

'''pasta fazool''' 
Officially ''pasta e fagioli;'' "fazool" imitates the pronunciation in a regional dialect of Italian. Pasta with cannellini beans.

==Page 890==

'''Barcelona''' 
Tragic Week (in Catalan la Setmana Tràgica, in Spanish la Semana Trágica) (July 25-August 2, 1909) is the name used for a series of bloody confrontations between the army and the working classes of Barcelona and other cities of Catalonia, backed by the anarchists, communists and republicans, during the last week of July 1909. It was caused by the calling-up of reserve troops by Prime Minister Antonio Maura to be sent as reinforcements when Spain renewed military-colonial activity in Morocco on July 9 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragic_Week]. There would be risings again in 1917, and Barcelona was among the last strongholds of the Spanish Republic in the Civil War of 1936-39; even during the Civil war, anarchists and Communists fought in the streets (see Orwell's ''Homage to Catalonia'' for a participant account. In 1972 anarchist grafiti could still be found in the Old City). But in 1909, indeed, much worse was to come.

'''''al dente''''' 
Italian, literally: resisting the tooth. Fully cooked but not yet rendered gluey.

'''''línea del fuego''''' 
Spanish: line of (the) fire. This may be a naive translation of "firing line" or "line of fire" (note the satisfying ambiguity); ''línea de tiro'' seems to be preferred.

'''...''absence of desire''--why one might choose ''not to embrace'' what the world judges, it often seemed unanimopiusly, to lie clearly in one's interest.''' 
Cyprian is becoming aware of his interest in divesting himself of desire. Yashmeen in the following sentences notes this change that took place in him in Bosnia; he notes how difficult renouncing his desire for her will be, and she that this is not the real meaning.

==Page 891==

'''''bal musette''''' 
French: dance hall.

'''in some auxiliary sense . . . his own''' 
Review details of the encounter at Carnesalve (page 881).

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-02-25T16:58:11Z

Tommaso: /* Page 739 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomites Dolomites].

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione Francesco Squarcione] (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua).

'''Mantegna''' 
[http://www.wga.hu/bio/m/mantegna/biograph.html Andrea Mantegna] (1431-1505) was an Italian Renaissance artist. He was one of the foremost north Italian painters of the 15th century. A master of perspective and foreshortening, Mantegna made important contributions to the compositional technigues of Renaissance painting.

'''the famed Paduan collector and impresario''' 
ie. Mantegna. Mentegna studied and worked between 1441-1459 at Padua, a city of northeast Italy west of Venice. At that time in Padua there was much interest in collecting and studying Roman antiquities. Padua was an important cultural center during the Middle Ages and was known for its artistic and architectural works by Giotto, Mantegna and Donatello. Galileo taught at its university from 1592 to 1610.

'''On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Lost Lands''' 
a fictitious place in the Lagoon?

'''''The Sack of Rome''''' 
a fictitious mural artwork?

'''''caorlina''''' 
???

'''Marco Zoppo''' 
[http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?34000 Marco Zoppo] (1433-1478), another Paduan painter. An innovator with a very personal style with rich artistic inventiveness. His reputation as an artist diminished gradually in the past, but his contributions to Venetian painting and book illumination have now been recognized.

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''Cannareggio''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: Cannareggio]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs"

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''''forcheta''''' 
??? (on page 582, there is one ''foschetta'')

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination.

==Page 728==

'''San Polo''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: San Polo]].

'''Rialto bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_439|page 439: Nuovo Rialto]].

'''''campo''''' 
a large square.

'''Ca' Spongiatosta''' 
Casa Spongiatosta: House of Princess Spongiatosta. (see page 582).

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''the Britannia, once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli''' 
???

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on page 623 (annotations).

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids"

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

'''the D.and D.''' 
???

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "bar"

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit"

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''Marienbad''' 
German for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B Mariánské Lézně], a spa town in the Carlsbad Region of the Czech Republic. The town's Golden Era was in the second half of the 19th century, when many celebrities and top European rulers came to enjoy the curative carbon dioxide springs.

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Rigby Nitro Express''' 
Some kind of bullet?

'''Henry Clay Frick''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay_Frick Henry Clay Frick] (1849-1919) was an American industrialist and art patron. In 1881, he and Andrew Carnegie formed a partnership between H.C. Frick & Co and Carnegie Steel Co. with Frick in charge of the Steel Company's operations. The 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestead_Steel_Strike Homestead Steel Strike] was mishandled by Frick, and he soon became a target of radical anarchists and others.

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman Alexander Berkmann] (1870-1936), also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

==Page 738==

'''the San Marcuola stop''' 
[http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-027 Photo of the Canal Grande at San Marcuola vaporetto stop].

'''Laguna Morte''' 
Dead Lagoon.

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way"

==Page 739==

'''''La macchina infernale''''' 
"Infernal machine"; a (particularly 19th century) term for explosive devices used for terrorist attacks. The most famous example is "La conspiration de la machine infernale", or "Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise", an assassination plot against Napoleon that failed in 1800
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_Rue_Saint-Nicaise wikipedia]).
Earlier in the book, we have encountered Tancredi working on "Preliminary Studies" toward such a machine (see page 585f.)

'''Bresci''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaetano_Bresci Gaetano Bresci] (1869-1901), an Italian-American anarchist who assassinated Italian King Umberto I on July 29, 1900. He died in prison.

'''Luccheni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Lucheni Luigi Lucheni] (1873-1910), an Italian anarchist who stabbed, with a frayed file, to death the Austrian Empress Elizabeth in Geneva, Switzerland, on Septem 10, 1898. He late died in prison.

'''bad news rolling up the rails''' 
cf p. 41: "Most people have a wheel riding on a wire, or some rails in the street [...], to keep them moving in the direction of their destiny". Inevitability?

==Page 740==

'''Torino''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin Torino], ''Turin'', is a major industrial city as well as a business and cultural center in northern Italy. It is the home of the headquarters of Fiat and host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. It was the first capital of Italy.

'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm Gaulois].

'''Riva''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_575|page 575: Riva]].

==Page 741==

'''the Procuratie''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procuratie_Nuove The Procuraties] are three connected buildings on St Mark's Square in Venice. They are historic buildings over arcades and also connected to St Mark's Clocktower.

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

'''susurrance''' 
murmur ?

'''Strauss Jr.''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II Johann Strauss Jr.] (1825-1899) was an Austrian composer known especially for his waltzes, such as ''The Blue Danube''.

'''Luigi Denza''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_353|page 353: Luigi Denza]].

'''Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermanno_Wolf-Ferrari Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari] (1876-1948) was an Italian composer, best known for his comic operas.

==Page 742==

'''paletot''' 
an overcoat.

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

'''''teppisti''''' 
hooligans, hoodlums, thugs.

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''''Via, via!''''' 
Come on, come on!

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
???

'''Glisentis''' 
A pistol manufactured by Glisentis Company of Italy

==Page 743==

'''''Batti! batti la faccia''''' 
Beat! beat the face.

'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Main Entry: rec·ti·fi
Inflected Form(s): -fied; -fy·ing
Etymology: Middle English rectifien, from Anglo-French rectifier, from Medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus right -- more at RIGHT
1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST <rectify the calendar>
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonym see CORRECT
- rec·ti·fi·ca·tion /"rek-t&-f&-'kA-sh&n/ noun--Amer Heritage Dictionary

Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

'''''foschia''''' 
Italian: "haze"

'''Empress Elisabeth''' 
Empress Elizabeth was stabbed to death by Luigi Lucheni on September 10, 1898. Cf page 739.

'''King Umberto''' 
Italian King Umberto was shot on July 29, 1900 by Gaetano Bresci. Cf page 739.

==Page 745==
'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1)in buying and selling for profit. 2. To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: Giorgio de Chirico's painting: ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)'', dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 588-614

2007-02-09T11:48:07Z

Tommaso: /* Page 588 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 588==

'''tannery''' 
In ancient history, tanning was considered a noxious or "odiferous trade" and relegated to the outskirts of town, amongst the poor. Indeed, tanning by ancient methods is so foul smelling that tanneries are still isolated from those towns today where the old methods are used.

'''Gottlob''' 
Literally "praise to God", as an exclamation also "Thank God!". Though it is rare, it is a real German name.

'''Humfried''' 
A German translation of Humphrey. This was not an existing German name any time after the medieval, though.

'''Gauss's brain''' 
After Carl Friedrich Gauss died in 1855, his brain was preserved for research purposes. To this day, it is in the possession of the University of Göttingen.

'''impervious to the wind''' 
(Attribute of tanned leather?)

'''''"Heiliger Bimbam!"''''' 
A German expression of surprise, translated elsewhere as "Holy Moly!"

'''It is she, she!''' 
In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._Rider_Haggard H. Rider Haggard's] ''She'', the she in question rises, like Venus, from the sea. In ''Against the day'', she rises from the swamp. Carl Jung, who used the novel ''She'' (1887) as an example of anima, posited the anima is an archetypical form, expressing the fact that a man has a minority of female genes. Haggard's Queen Ayesha is an unmistakable anima type the ultimate guide and mediator to the inner world. The idea has also connections with the observations of James Frazer in his classical study ''The Golden Bough''. Haggard's idea of a journey into the "darkest Africa," which turns into a spiritual search, has been used by a number of writers, including Joseph Conrad in ''Heart of Darkness'' (1902). 
"I am of thy imagination", She says in the novel, "She".

Note: The above account of Haggard's "She" is rather inaccurate, I'm afraid. She/Ayesha doesn't rise from the sea neither in "She" nor in any of its three sequels/prequels, but is 'discovered' somewhere in unknown Africa by some British 'explorers' in a hidden kingdom, and she first appears in a sort of late 19th century private boudoir there. She came to that place via a complicated story some 2000 years earlier, and is of Yemenite origin, having come to the world in pretty much the normal fashion. The bit about the imagination originally reads "My empire is of the imagination", and it refers basically to the way she rules her people, the Amahagger, although of course it also reflects on the main character, Holly, and how he sees her.
Yashmeen seems indeed to be based on some fin-de-siecle imaginations of the 'ideal' woman (her looks in general, and the often mentioned streaming black hair of hers), but unlike Haggard's She, Yashmeen is rather powerless in the long run, despite her obvious erotic influence on the men and women in ATD. - Tommaso

'''Kovalevskaia''' 
Sofia Kovalevskaia, 1850-1891. Russian mathematician, in 1884 appointed professor in Stockholm. The third female professor in Europe ever. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and (Wikipedia)

'''Roentgen-ray spectacles''' 
The X-ray glasses that used to be advertised in comic books.

'''''natürlich''''' 
German: naturally.

'''rim''' 
Kit pretends to think he's referring to monocle as 'chichi' (stylish).

==Page 589==

'''Those curves . . . ''Noli me tangere''''' 
A well-turned wordplay: The operation of differentiating a curve involves drawing ''tangents'' to it at selected points. The curves in question are continuous, but the injunction ''Noli me tangere'' means you can't draw the tangents.

'''''Noli me tangere''''' 
Latin for 'don't touch me'

'''''Hausknochen''''' 
German: a giant housekey, as defined, literally House Bone,with perhaps a
double entendre on bone?

==Page 590==

'''Hadamard... Poussin... Prime Number Theorem''' 
Hadamard and Poussin independently proved the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number_theorem prime number theorem] in 1896, relying on Riemann's Zeta function.

'''patent ''Kühlbox''''' 
patent here, as adjective, means ACCESSIBLE, EXPOSED: Archaic
: readily visible or intelligible : OBVIOUS
synonym see EVIDENT. If the Kuhlbox were a patented invention, TRP would have written "patented Kuhlbox"

Advertising of the time used "patent something" as a moniker for anything patented, to signify its novelty and exclusiveness, so the meaning of "patented" appears rather likely, even though it's not strictly correct. See [http://images.google.com/images?q=patent+advertising this search] for some anecdotal evidence.

icebox..this last an English-German meld or Archaic, it seems.

[http://www.dhm.de/datenbank/index.html?/datenbank/rb00/rb000891.html pic of a ca. 1920 Eiskiste-model]. According to german Wikipedia, the mobile "Eiskiste" (icebox) had to be filled with (natural) ice, while its successor, the Kühlbox, worked/works with "Kühlaggregate" (cooling units). The contributor is not sure if suchlike were around at that time. German Wikipedia on [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiskiste Eiskiste] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BChlbox Kühlbox].

: "patent ''Kühlbox''" here just simply mean "patented Icebox" or "patented Cooler".

'''beleaguered subset''' 
a group (from the whole) under attack

'''That is, is it was ''some smile''''' 
Typo, for That is, it was ''some smile''.

'''Prime Number Theorem''' 
Gives an estimate of the number of primes less than a whole number ''n.'' For example, if ''n'' is 20 then there are nine primes less than it (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19). The Prime Number Theorem is closely related to the Riemann Hypothesis.

==Page 591==

'''prats''' 
Literally the buttocks. As a slang term, a 'prat' is an idiot.

'''''Die Nullstellen der ζ-Funktion''''' 
German: the zeroes of the ζ function. (Null = zero; Stelle = location.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function#Zeros_of_the_Riemann_zeta_function Wikipedia] on the "Zeros of the Riemann zeta-function".

'''not all that hard to prove''' 
Kit will upset the applecart if he can prove the Riemann Hypothesis; Yashmeen's research topic will shrink to triviality. (Last time I checked, no one had yet proved the hypothesis.) --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 19:37, 9 January 2007 (PST)

'''"Richard Harding Davis"''' 
Popular writer of fiction and drama, journalist/war-correspondent and a major male-role-model of his time (1864 - 1916). He was considered the model for illustrator Charles Dana Gibson's dashing Gibson man, the male equivalent of his famous Gibson Girl. He is also referenced early in Sinclair Lewis's book, ''Dodsworth'' as the example of an exciting, adventure-seeking legitimate hero. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Harding_Davis Wikipedia]. Among other things, he reported on Belgian atrocities in the Congo.

'''seldom, if ever''' 
Cf p559 re Umeki!?

'''tetralatry''' 
made up from greek "tettares" (prefix -tetra) = four and "latreia" = worship

'''C. Howard Hinton''' 
Charles Howard Hinton (1853 – 1907) was a British mathematician and writer of science fiction works titled ''Scientific Romances''. He was interested in higher dimensions, particularly the fourth dimension, and is known for coining the word ''tesseract'' and for his work on methods of visualising the geometry of higher dimensions. He also had a strong interest in theosophy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Howard_Hinton Wikipedia Entry]

'''Johann K.F. Zöllner''' 
Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner (1834–1882) was a German astrophysicist. Studied Photometrie and optical illusions. He insisted a fourth dimension should be considered in Physics and tried to scientifically explain spiritist phenomena.

'''vogue... 'vague'''' 
Nice wordplay as Yashmeen seems to think the vogue of mysticism is not very precise, is 'vague' intellectually. Further play on "vague" = wave, as in an intellectual fad, e.g. in film, the French "Nouvelle Vague" (New Wave).

==Page 592==

'''upside-down triangles''' 
Also Pléiade p538. In mathematics that would be the operator ''del'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del Wikipedia]. Since pre-history and across most cultures the upside-down triangle is a symbol for the female (genitals).

'''screamingly obvious fallacy in this . . . "proof" of yours''' 
Yashmeen reacts in a slight panic to Kit's threat (page 591).

'''metallic banging''' 
Hausknochen on doors, with 'banging' entendre.

'''"metric interval"''' 
In Euclidean (three-dimensional) space a distance is just what you think it is. In other geometrical systems the term "metric interval" is preferred as a generalized distance.

'''social life is unpredictable''' 
mirrors the situation in the "Hotel Noctambulo", p. 462. Are all these guys "chums of chance"?

'''Prinzenstrasse and Weenderstrasse''' 
A street corner at the very center of Göttingen ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=g%C3%B6ttingen,+germany&ie=UTF8&om=1&z=17&ll=51.534284,9.935417&spn=0.006107,0.010793&t=h Google Maps]), "known to mathematicians here as the origin of the city of Göttingen's coordinate system".

==Page 593==

'''twenty marks''' 
A mark is short for deutschemark, a German monetary unit.

'''''der Pistolenheld''''' 
German: the pistol hero.

'''''das Nichtharmonischestrahlenbündel''''' 
Or ''das nichtharmonische Strahlenbündel.'' German: the anharmonic pencil. A "pencil" is the set of lines passing through a point. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 532|page 532:Anharmonic Pencil]].

'''Euler''' 
Leonhard Euler (pronounced Oiler; IPA [ˈɔʏlɐ]) (April 15, 1707 – September 7, 1783) was a Russian-German mathematician and physicist of Swiss descent. From Wikipedia and below:

Euler made important discoveries in fields as diverse as calculus, number theory, and topology. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. [1] He is also renowned for his work in mechanics, optics, and astronomy.

Euler is considered to be the preeminent mathematician of the 18th century and one of the greatest of all time.

'''''Mathematical Theory of the Top''''' 
Published in the U.S. in 1897. Compare Felix Klein and Arnold Sommerfeld, ''Über die Theorie des Kreisels,'' 4 volumes, 1897-1910.

'''Leopold Kronecker''' and '''Cantor''' 
The "monumental quarrel between Kronecker and Cantor" is also referred to as a "religious war," appropriately enough. It's based in a disagreement over the legitimacy of numbers. Kronecker held that "'the positive integers were created by God, and all else is the work of man.'" This is contradicted by "'Cantor with his ''Kontinuum'', professing an equally strong belief in just those regions, infinitely divisible, which lie ''between'' the whole numbers so demanding of all Kronecker's devotion.'"

The disagreement between the two mathematicians is reminiscent of (or does it anticipate?) the rift between Pointsman and Mexico in ''Gravity's Rainbow''. Kronecker's integers "created by God" have become a Pavlovian digital binary for Pointsman, but the two oppositions track faithfully right down to the italicized "between."

"The young statistician [Mexico] is devoted to number and to method, not table-rapping or wishful thinking. But in the domain of zero to one, not-something to something, Pointsman can only possess the zero and the one. He cannot, like Mexico, survive anyplace in between. Like his master I. P. Pavlov before him, he imagines the cortex of the brain as a mosaic of tiny on/off elements.... But to Mexico belongs the domain ''between'' zero and one." [Page 55]

It should be noted, however, that the continuous number line was a modern innovation. In Greek number theory, a number is a collection of indivisible units. Irrationals, such as the square root of 2 are not numbers but "magnitudes." One is not even a number for it is not a number of units. There are no negative numbers as well. (see Klein's Greek Mathematical Thought and the Origin of Algebra.) So Kronecker's position may be less of a crazy innovation as much as a maintenance of ancient theory.

(That last paragraph makes an excellent point. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 19:45, 9 January 2007 (PST))

'''''Kontinuum''''' 
This passage closely parallels the one about the "microcosm of Venice" on page 575.

==Page 594==

'''''Nervenklinik''''' 
German: nerve clinic. Three-dollar word for a mental hospital.

'''boundless epsilonic world''' 
Epsilon, Greek letter like E. In mathematics (particularly calculus), an arbitrary (or nearly so) small positive quantity is commonly denoted ε; see limit.
By analogy with this, the late mathematician Paul Erdős also used the term "epsilons" to refer to children (Hoffman 1998, p. 4). Wikipedia; of Huxley's five classes of citizens in ''Brave New World'' epsilons were purposely stunted physically and intellectually.

'''Der Finsterzwerg''' 
The choice of the tavern "The Dwarf of Darkness" may have been meant as a dig at five-foot-tall Kronecker.

'''chloral hydrate''' 
A/k/a "knockout drops" a/k/a a "Mickey Finn". Hence the ''Mickifest''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloral_hydrate Wikipedia entry].

'''''Kneipe''''' 
German: dive.

'''Gauss passing to Weber a remark''' 
Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß)(30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and scientist of profound genius who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. Sometimes known as "the prince of mathematicians" and "greatest mathematician since antiquity", Gauss had a remarkable influence in many fields of mathematics and science and is ranked as one of history's most influential mathematicians.
In 1831 Gauss developed a fruitful collaboration with the physics professor Wilhelm Weber; it led to new knowledge in the field of magnetism (including finding a representation for the unit of magnetism in terms of mass, length and time) and the discovery of Kirchhoff's circuit laws in electricity. Gauss and Weber constructed the first electromagnetic telegraph in 1833, which connected the observatory with the institute for physics in Göttingen. Gauss ordered a magnetic observatory to be built in the garden of the observatory and with Weber founded the magnetischer Verein ("magnetic club"), which supported measurements of earth's magnetic field in many regions of the world. He developed a method of measuring the horizontal intensity of the magnetic field which has been in use well into the second half of the 20th century and worked out the mathematical theory for separating the inner (core and crust) and outer (magnetospheric) sources of Earth's magnetic field

'''crisis in mathematics . . . Weierstrass functions, Cantor's continuum, Russell's inexhaustible capacity for mischief''' 
A genuine crisis as well-established ideas were challenged. Weierstrass functions have the unheard-of property that they are "continuous but nowhere differentiable." Cantor's ideas about the continuum violated a longstanding prohibition against infinite quantities. Bertrand Russell around this time was setting the cat among the pigeons by identifying paradoxes and inconsistencies in set theory and number theory.

'''"the infinite" was all but a conjuror's convenience''' 
There is a very good book relating how the infinite, between the 18th and early 20th centuries, finally found a place in mathematics: ''In Search of Infinity'' by N.Ya. Vilenkin (translated by Abe Shenitzer).

==Page 595==

'''That winter, in St. Petersburg . . . Hundred were killed and wounded.''' 
22 Jan 1905 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revolution_of_1905 Wikipedia]. 

The event on January 22, 1905, ''Bloody Sunday'', was a watershed in the Russian history. 
Russia's armies were losing to the Japanese in the Far East. Her workers at home were challenging the rule of Romanov's dynasty. At the beginning of 1905, the worker of ''Putilov Works'' of St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia, went on stike for better living and working conditions. They were joined by many from other factories. Father Gapon, a priest, urged the striking workers to present directly to the Tsar on January 22, 1905 a petition to seek justice and protection. They would beg Nicholas II to come to their aid. The morning of January 22 was very cold (about five degrees below freezing) and some 200,000 workers and their wives and children came peacefully and orderly carrying icons, portraits of Nicholas, and no revolutionary placards not even red handkerchiefs. To stop the workers' march upon the Palace Square barracades were set across several avenues that connected to the city center. At each of these points, soldiers tried to turn back the marchers and, at several of them, officers ordered to fire into the crowds. The worst slaughter took place on the Winter Palace Square itself, between 150 and 200 men, women, and children lay shot dead and another 450 to 800 had been wounded while the Cossacks charged into the dispersing crowds with sabers drawn. 
Bloody Sunday, as that tragic day soon became known, marked the beginning of what the Tsar's mother called the "year of nightmares", and the beginning of what many others called the "year of revolution".

'''Grand Duke Sergei''' 
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov (1857-1905) was the uncle and brother-in-law of Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918, Reign: 1894-1917). In 1891 he was appointed as Moscow Governor General. In 1894 he also was a member of the State Council. He resigned from the Governorship on January 1, 1905 but continued as Commander of the Moscow military district. In the afternoon of February 17, 1905, in a carriage leaving the Kremlin Grand Duke Sergei was killed by a nitroglycerine bomb thrown by a Socialist Revolutionary terrorist directly into his lap. He was literally blown to bits and pieces. The assassination of Grand Duke Sergei signaled the beginning of a broader wave of popular unrest that had been sparked by the events of Bloody Sunday and swept the whole nation. Many more assassinations, strikes, disorders and uprisings followed during the year.

'''Kronstadt''' 
The Kronstadt rebellion of March 1921

:I think the text refers to mutinies in 1905 instead. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 14:48, 22 January 2007 (PST)

Correct--there were fleet mutinies throughout the Russian navy in 1905.

Kronstadt was a navel fortress in the Gulf of Finland 18 miles west of St. Petersburg. Following the destruction of the Baltic Fleet by the Japanese in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) (Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318:The Russo-Japanese War]]) Kronstadt joined the general uprising which swept the whole Russian country. The first Kronstadt uprising on November 8-9, 1905, participated by the majority of Kronstadt's 13,000 sailors and soldiers, was basically a large armed riot accompanied by liberal political demands. It lasted only two days. Kronstadt's second uprising took place in July 1906, but was brutally suppressed.

'''Sebastopol''' 
A port city of Russia (now, Sevastopol of Ukrain), located on the Black Sea coast of the Crimean peninsula west of Yalta. Sebastopol was associated with rebellion, mutiny and civil war. 
On June 27, 1905 the battleship ''Potemkin'' sailed from Sebastopol to Odessa and to mutiny against the ship's oppressive officers. The mutineers killed seven of the eighteen officers, including the Captain and the Second in Command. The ship eventually sailed to Romania and turned over to the authority there on July 7. (Sergei Eisenstein's silent film ''The Battlehip Potemkin'' made her famous well beyond Russia.) 
On October 1, 1905, citizen of Sebastopol and sailors from the Black Fleet demonstrated in the city center demanding the authority to free political presoners, etc, but were met with gun fire. Wide spread unrest and naval mutinies followed. In November the cruiser ''Ochakov'' led a rebellion joined by several other warships. The rebellion was eventually suppressed by a stronger government force a couple of months later.

'''Black Hundreds''' 
Anti-Semitic vigilantes.

'''Japanese won''' 
The Japanese destroyed the bulk of the Russian Baltic Fleet in the Battle of Tsushima Strait on May 27-28, 1905. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War Wikipedia] In ''GR'', the soon-to-be-defeated fleet puts in at German Southwest Africa during the 1904 Herero Revolt; Tchicherine's father, a sailor in that fleet, may also be the father of Enzian, leader of the Schwarzcommando.

'''A general strike in the autumn . . .''' 
In late September a printer's trike in Moscow was in progress for over a fortnight. By October 18 it seemed that the strike was losing steam. But on October 20 railroad workers struck the Moscow-Kazan Railway and the strike spread outward along all the railroad lines: to St Petersburg in the west, to Voronesh and Kharkov in the south; and by October 23 it had reached Siberia. Twenty-six thougsand miles of track were immobilized as 750,000 railroad employees struck. At this time much of European Russia was in the grip of one of the greatest and most effective general strikes in the history of labor protest anywhere in the world. All of Russia's industry ground to a halt, everyone stopped work. Factory workers, servants, postal workers, telegraph operatiors, janitors, and hackney drivers all walked off their wjobs, as did bank clerks, shop clerks, and clerks in government office. Doctors, laywers, shcoolteachers, university professors, even the entire corps de ballet of the great Imperaial Mariinskii Theatre—all joined the strike. There were no newspapers, no streetlights, no tramcars . . . As all rail traffic stopped and telegraph line dead, Russia was isolated from the rest of the world. At the same time, the revolutionary groups organized a new body for coordinating the activities of the striking workers and for expressing their joint political and economic demands: the "St. Petersburg
''Soviet'' of Workers' Deputies". Many other Soviets were set up and developed later as alternate governing organizations. The name and organization ''Soviet'' (Russian word ''Sovet'' means council) took on a legendary meaning from then on and became historical. 
With the regime on the verge of collapse, in response, the Tsar, advised by the Prime Minister, issued the famouse ''October Manifesto'' on October 30, 1905, by which Nicholas granted to all Russian civil rights, agreed to summon a Duma (Parliament) elected by wide (though not universal) suffrage, and agreed that all laws must be approved by the Duma. In the meantime, on December 16, troops were sent to arrest some three hundred members of the St. Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies. The Revolution of 1905 in the Capital passed into history.

'''In December . . . another major uprising''' 
In Moscow, the Soviet of Workers' Deputeis proclaimed a general strike for December 20. When the authorities moved to arrest the stike leaders, an armed uprising broke out. Barricades went up in workers' quarter of the city, and revolutionaries from St. Petersburg, Odessa, and elsewhere joined in the struggle. Nicholas dispatched elite troops with artillery which reduced the rebels' area to ruins. By December 31, the rebellion in Moscow was over. The number of killed and wounded totaled over a thousand.

'''In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines''' 
The Russo-Japanese War was officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth on August 23, 1905. In late summer there were numerous minor mutinies by troop returning from Manchuria on the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Fighting between the left and the right erupted on October 20 around Tomsk. On November 12, mutinous soldiers and sailors destroyed much of Vladivostok on the Pacific coast, the end of the Trans-Siberian. There were unrests and prisings in Chita (November 29), Irkutsk (December 13), and Novorossiisk (December 22) as well.

'''Muslim rebellion''' 
The downfall of the Ottoman Empire by Turkey?

:No. In this whole paragraph Pynchon only factually describes the events in Russia and the Russian 1905 Revolution.

:Muslims in Central Asia (Kirghiz, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tadzhik, and others) had never been happy as pawns in the "Great Game" and now (1905) attempted to throw off Russian domination. Turkey, center of the Ottoman Empire, had its rebellion a few years later. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 14:48, 22 January 2007 (PST)

:The text said "'''''a''''' Muslim rebellion". Anyone knows this 1905 Muslim Rebellion in Russia?

'''the year that followed''' 
Seemingly 1918.
Russian Revolution of 1917, which included:
February Revolution, resulting in the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia
October Revolution, resulting in the coming to power of the Bolshevik party
Third Russian Revolution, the failed anarchist revolution against the Bolsheviks and the White movement 1918 - 1922

:The reference is to 1905-6 when Russians who'd been on the wrong side in various movements and insurrections fled abroad to elude imprisonment or death. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 14:48, 22 January 2007 (PST)

:The well-known 1905 Revolution in Russian history was the beginning of the fall of the ''Old Regime''. The text "as the Revolution went collapsing" refered exactly to this one, not the February and October Revolutions in 1917. So "the year that followed" refered to 1906.

'''as the Revolution went collapsing''' 
The first paragraph of this page is a factual and fairly accurate description of the events in the year of 1905. All thos revolutionary upheavels is later collectively and commonly called ''1905 Revolution''. The 1905 Revolution was the foreshock of that of 1917. It had all of Russia in its grip, and its outbreak had not been planned; it had simply grown spontaneously. In Soviet Marxist history 1905 Revolution is second only in importance to 1917 October Revolution, one of the most important revolutionary iconic events. (The 1917 Frebruary Revolution, the one actually overthrew the Tsar's Regime, was lightly mentioned because it was considered a ''bourgeois revolution''.) Numerous books, songs, poems, films . . . had been devoted to this Revolution. To the west the most memorable are the Eisenstein's film ''Battleship Potmekin'' (1925) and Shostakovich's ''Symphony No 11: The year 1905'' (1957).

'''Peter and Paul Fortress''' 
At St. Petersburg, established by Peter the Great. Political prisoners were confined there from the first half of the 1700s. Conditions were notoriously harsh.

'''kazatsky''' 
A Cossack dance, stereotypical Russian behavior.

'''raid....Waziristan''' 
Waziristan (Pashto: وزیرستان) is a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering some 11 585 km² (4,473 mi²). It comprises the area west and southwest of Peshawar between the Tochi River to the north and the Gomal River to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas. The North-West Frontier Province lies immediately to the east. The region was an independent tribal territory from 1893, remaining outside of British-ruled empire and Afghanistan. Tribal raiding into British-ruled territory was a constant problem for the British, eliciting frequent punitive expeditions between 1860 and 1945. Wikipedia

Currently, it is thought to be the last stronghold of Al Qaeda and Osama Bin Laden.

:Worth noting, perhaps, that Yashmeen came from Russia and had been ''transported'' to Waziristan for sale as a slave. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 14:48, 22 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 596==

'''as-ever transcendentally interesting hair''' 
(Perhaps a reference to Albert Einstein?)

Possibly, but given the numerous mentions of the Zeta function it is most likely a reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_number/ transcendental numbers]. These are irrational numbers that do not exist as the zero (or solution) to any algebraic function. A number of groundbreaking results regarding transcendentalism were made around the time the novel is set, and most if not all of the mathematicians and mathematical methods mentioned in the book revolve around transcendental numbers and functions.

Given that these numbers are often expressed as an infinite series, in which successive terms add ever-more-miniscule amounts to the value of the number, yet each digit is fascinatingly unique (since the decimal never repeats), it seems to me that Pynchon is suggesting that Yashmeen's hair has the quality of being endlessly fascinating, that even the observation of a single hair (or even a portion of a single hair) is involving and invigorating. This would mirror Kit's fascination and infatuation with Yashmeen, and the term would likely spring readily to the mind of a mathematician of the era.[[User:Dharper|Dharper]] 08:15, 16 January 2007 (PST)

''''gen'''' 
British military slang for information. To gen-up is to learn quickly. OED gives earliest recorded use of the word as 1940.

'''a soul impaled . . . as if to bisect me''' 
Harks back to the fate of La Jarretière in ''V.''

'''Afghani dirhan''' 
An Afghani coin, more usually transliterated as "dirham". [http://ghaznavid.ancients.info/ This site] has pictures and more information.

'''Ghaznivid Empire''' 
Usually transliterated as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavid_Empire Ghaznavid Empire] (Wikipedia)

'''coffee scion''' 
Coffee motif. More likely: coffee heir.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
"quasseln" is a German verb, meaning roughly "to jabber"

'''less than universally respected Ludwig Boltzmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann Boltzmann] proposed an explanation of thermodynamics based on the statistical behaviour of atoms. Many influential colleagues at the time did not believe in the reality of atoms and thus worked to discredit Boltzmann.

==Page 597==

'''Gymnasium child''' 
A Gymnasium is a German secondary school

'''''Ach, die Zetamanie''''' 
German: Oh, the zeta-mania.

'''one measure of the chaos''' 
Cf GR on entropy?

'''crime...narrative puzzle''' 
Hinting at Webb's role in the novel?

'''Göttingen tradition'''...'''statue''' 
Like other university towns, Göttingen has developed its own folklore. On the day of their doctorate, postgraduate students are drawn in handcarts from the Great Hall to the Gänseliesel-Fountain in front of the Old Town Hall. There they have to climb the fountain and kiss the statue of the Gänseliesel (Goose girl). This practice is actually forbidden by law, but the law is not at all enforced. She is considered to be the most-kissed girl in the world. Wikipedia.

Addendum of interest for GR and ATD.
Nearly untouched by allied bombing in World War II (the informal understanding during World War 2 was that Germany wouldn't bomb Cambridge and Oxford and the allies wouldn't bomb Heidelberg and Göttingen).

'''Rathaus square''' 
The square in front of City Hall.

==Page 598==

'''Axioms of Zermelo''' 
The basic axioms of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo-Frankel_set_theory#The_axioms Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory].

'''Poincaré''' 
Henri Poincaré ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9 Wikipedia])

'''Cauchy''' 
Augustin Louis Cauchy ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin_Louis_Cauchy Wikipedia])

'''Whittaker and Watson''' 
A standard mathematics textbook of the time ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whittaker_and_Watson Wikipedia])

'''two point one''' 
(Cf Sondheim lyric, "A Little Night Music" [http://lynxfeather.net/nest/lyrics/nightmusic-nowlatersoon.html lyrics].)

==Page 599==

'''"What here is he ''doing?''" . . . "Obviously, we must now a duel fight."''' 
In keeping with his name (see p. 596 annotations), Günther speaks in a stage-German accent.

'''dueling-society cap''' 
Probably student corporation insignia.

'''inconvenience''' 
Obviously the name of the Chums' airship; whenever the word appears there seems to be a refernce to the Chums; here: "...Here, not completely...slightly...somewhere else" as the airshio always seems to be.

'''''Liebchen''''' 
German, "sweetheart"

'''''Egal was, meine Schatze''''' 
German, "No matter what, my darling" - though "meine Schatze" is an improper femininization, which ought to be "mein Schatz".

'''''Schläger''''' 
A specialized weapon for student duels. See Wikipedia's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_fencing Academic fencing] article.

'''Krummsäbel''' 
German, "scimitar".

'''Korbrapier''' 
A rapier with a basket ("Korb" in German) like protection hilt.

'''épée''' 
A sharp-pointed duelling sword.

==Page 600==

'''Colt six-shooters''' 
I guess Kit's luggage beat him to Gottingen.

'''''Verbindung''''' 
German: connection, union. Here the student corps one belongs to.

'''upon the face of the other, ''to inscribe one's mark''''' 
In several of his movies, the actor Erich von Stroheim appeared with a nasty scar on the left side of his face. Dueling was a pastime of honor at some universities, and the sword scar was the mark of having sustained one's honor there. Special weapons, masks and inflaming treatments were employed to produce this lifelong disfigurement.

'''a Mexican tilde''' 
The wavy mark over the letter ñ in Spanish.

'''restoring moment, elastic constants''' 
???

'''wasn't going to converge . . . skipped a step . . . ''divided by zero''''' 
Kit insults Günther by pointing out blunders in the proof he gave to Yashmeen.

'''Geheimrat Hilbert''' 
German: confidential counsellor. A title of honor given to prominent civilian figures in Germany.

==Page 601==

'''''Ehrenkodex''''' 
German, "code of honor"

'''Tyrolean hats''' 
[http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=tirolerhut&btnG=Search+Images Images]

'''''Schnurrbartbinde''''' 
A device to keep one's mustache safe from entanglement when sleeping, like [http://www.volkskrantblog.nl/pub/mm/2006/01/1137360569.70341.gif this].

'''Zeiss "Palmos Panoram"''' 
An early panoramic camera, mentioned in the 1911 Britannica's [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Photography Photography] article.

'''''"Auf die Mensur!"''''' 
German, "to the duel"

'''Andaman Islands''' 
[http://www.openencyclopedia.net/index.php/Andaman_Islands Here]'s a mention of tattooing practices in the Andaman Islands

'''Stephanie du Motel... group-theory godfather Évariste Galois''' 
Évariste Galois died in a duel at the age of 20. Though much confusion surrounds the affair, it is suspected that he provoked the duel after being rejected by one Stéphanie-Felice du Motel. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evariste_Galois#Final_days Wikipedia])

==Page 602==

'''young Ouspensky''' 
Peter D. Ouspensky (1878-1947), Russian mystic and philosopher, author of ''The Fourth Dimension'', appropriate to Pynchon's themes in ''ATD''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Uspensky Wikipedia entry].

'''Chong''' 
A strange and seemingly unlikely visitor to Göttingen. The name "Chong" is not the character's actual name, as one will find out within the next 50 pages. The name might be taken from the Chinese philosopher Wang Chong, or Wang Ch'ung. 
Could be Cheech Marin's partner, Tommy Chong? (C.Marin alluded to earlier P.477).

'''"The what?"''' 
(Precipitous drop in authorial expectations?)

'''Sidney... Kensington Sid''' 
Sidney Webb, leading political theorist [socialist] and (later, I think) Labour Pary representative of the time? No "Chinese Bolshevik", but with his wife Beatrice, an English supporter and defender of Russia See Wikipedia.
Kensington is where elected officials worked.

'''transtriadic''' 
Beyond the three.

==Page 603==

'''"Spiritual... At Göttingen?"''' 
Gottingen is materialistic. Preserved brains as like in a tannery.

'''Applied Mechanics Institute''' 
An institute of the University of Göttingen

'''Prandtl's recent discovery of the boundary layer''' 
Ludwig Prandtl ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Prandtl Wikipedia]) in 1904 developed the theory of the boundary layer ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary%20layer Wikipedia]) in aerodynamics, greatly simplifying aerodynamic calculations.

'''powered flight . . . at the edge of history''' 
In 1905 already a reality, but the pioneering empirical work was taking place in Ohio, not Germany.

'''brambled guttie''' 
A proto golf-ball, see [http://www.che.rochester.edu/users/dafoster/ChE243/SciAm%20GolfBall.pdf here].

'''Bürgerstrasse''' 
German, "Citizen's Street", a street in Göttingen.

'''Brauweg''' 
German, "Brewery Way", a street in Göttingen.

'''Zhukovsky's Transformation''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joukowsky_transform Joukowsky Transform] maps the unit circle in the complex plane to a shape very much like an airfoil.

'''Geheimrat Klein ''' 
Geheimrat = Privy councillor. In geometry, the Klein model, also called the projective model... is a model of n-dimensional hyperbolic geometry in which the points of the geometry are in an n-dimensional disk, or ball, and the lines of the geometry are line segments contained in the disk; that is, with endpoints on the boundary of the disk

'''glass of tea''' 
(Why not 'cup'?)
because in Europe, as opposed to in England, tea may be drunk from glassware.

'''draw pictures . . . flights of arrows . . . vectors without pictures''' 
Vectors can be visualized as arrows in a plane or three-dimensional space; more generally they can be represented as arrays of coefficients, and now they are not limited to three dimensions.

'''''"...according to Spiral Theory, up to infinity." "And beyond, " added Gunther, nodding earnestly.''''' 
Reference to Buzz Lightyear's stock character phrase in 1995's TOY STORY (Pixar/Disney):
"To Infinity... and Beyond!"
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:43, 19 December 2006 (PST)

==Page 604==

'''nontrivial zeroes''' 
The Riemann zeta function has two classes of zeros, the trivial zeroes being at negative even integers (-2, -4...), the non-trivial complex numbers, believed (but not proven) to have Re(z)=1/2. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis Wikipedia].

'''much-noted talk''' 
At the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris, Hilbert proposed a research programme of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s_problems#Tabulated_information 23 problems]. The Riemann hypothesis is number 8 on the list.

'''eigenvalues''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalue Wikipedia] Dudley Eigenvalue, D.D.S., was a character in ''V.''

'''Hermitian operator''' 
A Hermitian operator generalises some of the ideas of symmetry when complex numbers are involved. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitian_operator Wikipedia]

'''spine of reality... ''"Rückgrat von Wirklichkeit"''''' 
Probably a reference to the main diagonal of a Hermitian matrix, which can contain only real numbers. The German phrase is one accurate way to translate the English.

'''Hilbert-Polya Conjecture''' 
The conjecture that the zeroes of the Riemann function would be the eigenvalues of a Hermitian operator, just what Yashmeen is suggesting.

==Page 605==

'''Vance Aychrome''' 
The voracious detective is a stock figure in the mystery genre (Nero Wolfe, Mycroft Holmes, Inspector Dover, D.C.I. Dalziel and others). 
Is his name pronounced Eye Chrome, as in private eye? Weak possible connection?-- a truck light called Big Eye Chrome. The name sounds like 'fancy chrome.'

'''Full English Breakfast''' 
Bacon, eggs, tomato, toast... otherwise known as a fry-up.

'''Pythagorean dietary''' 
The first prominent modern vegetarian was the Greek philosopher Pythagoras who lived towards the end of the 6th century BC. The Pythagorean diet came to mean an avoidance of the flesh of slaughtered animals. Pythagorean ethics first became a philosophical morality between 490-430 BC with a desire to create a universal and absolute law including injunctions not to kill "living creatures," to abstain from "harsh-sounding bloodshed," in particular animal sacrifice, and "never to eat meat." (From a review of ''The Heretics Feast: a History of Vegetarianism'' by Colin Spencer, University Press of New England, 1995)

'''kippers and bloaters''' 
Different words (both Scottish) for smoked herrings

'''baps''' 
soft bread rolls - another Scottish word

'''Spong machine''' 
Appropriate technology. An English-made hand-cranked coffee grinder that doesn't light up, lacks a readout to tell when the beans are ready, and signally fails to function before the user wakes up. Only drawback is that some spouses compare its sound to half a load of cobbles being dumped on the roof.

'''thinned''' 
From full 78. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot Wikipedia]

'''vegetarian haggis''' 
It exists: [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22vegetarian+haggis Google search]

==Page 606==

'''Lamont Replevin''' 
"Replevin" is a legal term for a form of civil action to recover possession of property being wrongfully held by another.

'''Elflock Villa''' 
Elflock: A lock of hair tangled as if by elves. Often used in the plural.

'''Stuffed Edge, Herts''' 
An imaginary village in the South-East English county of Hertfordshire. Stuffed hedge?

'''kedgeree''' 
A hot breakfast dish of fish, rice, and eggs.

'''Cesare Lombroso''' 
Anthropologist who devised a method of identifying criminal "types" from their facial structures.

'''Trans-Oxanian''' 
From the other side of the Oxus River (now Amu-Darya) in Central Asia.

'''Graeco-Buddhist''' 
The hybrid cultural background evidenced in Shambhala. Greco-Buddhism, sometimes spelled Graeco-Buddhism, is the cultural syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 800 years in Central Asia in the area corresponding to modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan, between the 4th century BCE and the 5th century CE. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Buddhism Wikipedia]

'''bad hats''' 
A bad hat is a slang term for a rascal

==Page 607==

'''Gas Office''' 
As explained in the text, the Scotland Yard bureau that kept gas communications under surveillance.

'''communication by means of coal-gas''' 
Cf Nabokov's "Ada". Also inverse of Tesla's energy-transmitter. A parallel to the Tristero, too. The description of communication by gas seems like a self-parody of ''The Crying of Lot 49.''

'''bombs... Suffragettes''' 
(Did they bomb post offices?!?)post boxes:Suffragettes carried out direct action such as chaining themselves to railings, setting fire to the contents of mailboxes, smashing windows and on occasions setting off bombs. Wikipedia

'''Persian''' 
Majority language in Iran, now called Farsi.

'''Pashto''' 
A language spoken in Afghanistan and nearby.

'''Tadjik''' 
A language spoken in Tadjikistan. "Mountain Tadjik" presumably dominates in the 60% or so of the country that is in high mountains.

'''Seven Dials''' 
In Covent Garden, London - a place where 7 roads meet. An unsavory assignment for a policeman.

==Page 608==

'''"Avoid beans"''' 
Pythagoreans follow a proscription against eating beans.

'''spotted dick''' 
A suet pudding with raisins or currants

'''Yarmouth bloater''' 
A cured herring from the port town of Yarmouth.

'''queering the pitch''' 
The pitch in a medicine show is the audience; queering them means putting them onto the doc's game. In cricket, the pitch is the playing field; queering the pitch means disturbing the surface so that the ball bounces unpredictably.

''''shape'''' 
a doughnut,which comes in various shapes? Including the math-relevant
shape: a torus. But probably just a bit of bun, scone, etc. listed as Vance's breakfast...no doughnut listed.

'''blue lamps''' 
Traditionally hung outside police stations in England.

'''lamé surfaces''' 
Lamé (fabric), a fabric inwoven metallic threads 
Lamé, name of the electrically conductive jacket worn by foil and sabre fencers 
Lamé (armor), an unarticulated component of a larger piece of armor 

'''yarmulke... high crown... dented Trilby style''' 
[http://www.wpclipart.com/clothes/hats/index.html Image of a Trilby hat.]

==Page 609==

'''''Kelly's Suburban Dictionary''''' 
The peerless ''London A to Z'' did not come along until the 1930s.

'''wenlets''' 
Politician and journalist William Cobbett (1763-1835) called London "the great wen." It was not a compliment, because ''wen'' means a sebaceous cyst. Wenlets are small versions of the "great" wen.

==Page 610==

'''daylight oil''' 
from the streetlamps, lit up for hours?

'''a moon no one could see''' 
Note that the ''Inconvenience'' is repeatedly referred to as a "second moon".

'''refused to dim''' 
(Nicely vivid.)

'''Vontz's Universal Pick''' 
Vontz (Yiddish): bedbug.

'''alchemized coke''' 
Gas works that manufacture syngas also produce coke as an end product, called gas house coke.

Fluid coking is a process by which heavy residual crude is converted into lighter products such as naptha, kerosene, heating oil, and hydrocarbon gases. The "fluid" term refers to the fact that coke particles are in a continuous system versus older batch coking technology. Wikipedia

'''Lincrusta-Walton''' 
an embossed fabric used for covering walls, invented in 1877 by Frederick Walton as an alternative to more expensive wallpapers (wikipedia).

'''hipshot''' 
having one hip lower than the other: a Greek statue in hipshot pose.M-W.

'''captive maiden''' 
In ''The Crying of Lot 49'', Oedipa Maas is referred to as a "captive maiden" in the scene where she's standing in front of the Remedios Varo painting. It would certainly be worth while to examine the parallels more closely.

'''scalene polygons''' 
Polygons with sides of unequal length.

'''jet''' 
jet black, a color.

'''Apotheosis Sparkless Torch''' 

==Page 611==

'''magnalium''' 
An alloy of magnesium and aluminum.

'''Lamont Replevin (for it was he)''' 
Formula from penny-dreadful literature.

'''''The Slow and the Stupefied''''' 
Daytime soap 'The Young and the Restless'.

'''gas-head''' 
Cf pothead, acidhead, etc.

'''Pike's Peak''' 
Lew's old stompinground.

'''Gus Swallowfield''' 
A curious pseudonym assumed by Lew Basnight while in the presence of Lamont Replevin. As Mr. Swallowfield, Lew professes to be an insurance salesman. The name is very overtly British and is possibly referential to the Swallowfield estate in Berkshire, which itself has a curious history.

'''most theft policies''' 
(Fact?)

'''pantechnicon''' 
A closed van or carryall. (Is TRP trying to put a burr under S. Weisenburger's saddle by bringing this vehicle back? SW's gloss in the ''GR Companion,'' at page 19 of the Viking edition, is famously wrong.) 

Pantechnicon can mean either a furniture warehouse (originally a bazaar) or a removal van. The reference in GR to "the piano in the pantechnicon" is therefore ambiguous. TRP might say that he meant a van, not a bazaar, but that would not mean that SW was wrong. Just that SW and TRP had different readings of the novel. And the author's reading does not necessarily have primacy.

This assertion is generally debateable and in the case of TRP his conscious intentions in his fully thought out novels carries a lot of primacy most of the time, most might argue. This wiki attests to that.

'''legitimate bill of sale''' 
That is, a stolen object with a stolen bill of sale cannot be proved to be stolen; the thief has the receipt.

==Page 612==

'''''Pavonazzetto''''' 
???

'''Phrygian marble''' 
Phrygia is an ancient region of west central Asia Minor, to the south of Bithynia. Marble from there was highly valued.

'''Atys... Agdistis''' 
???

'''''The Mutilation of Atys''''' 
No images: [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&lr=&q=%22Mutilation%20of%20Atys&btnG=Search&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wi Google image search]

'''Arturo Naunt, Chelsea's own, shocking the bourgeoisie since 1889''' 
Phrasing reminiscent of advertising.

'''shocking the bourgeoisie''' 
A popular pastime for young and not-so-young soi-disant radicals ("Epater le bourgeois").

'''koumiss vessel''' 
A container for fermented horse's milk. Perhaps like this one:
[http://studentorgs.utexas.edu/husa/origins/szkitahist/scythianvessel.html]

'''depending on the angle you hold it at, sometimes it doesn't look like anything at all''' 
A concise description of anamorphic and paramorphic images; this one needs the Paramorphoscope to interpret it.

'''wrathful deities from Tantric Buddhism''' 
Tantric Buddhism is also known as Varjayana Buddhism. In Varjayana Buddhism, a dharmapāla (Tibetan drag-gshed) is a type of wrathful deity. The name means "Dharma-defender" in Sanskrit, and the dharmapalas are also known as the Defenders of the Law (Dharma) or the Protectors of the Law in English.
In Buddhist iconography, they are invariably depicted as fearsome beings, often with many heads, hands or feet; blue, black or red skin; and a fierce expression with protruding fangs. Though dharmapalas have a terrifying appearance, they are all bodhisattvas or buddhas- embodiments of compassion that act in a wrathful way for the sake of sentient beings.Wikipedia

==Page 613==

'''tiny German hand camera''' 
Probably a Zeiss Ikon. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeiss Wikipedia Entry]

'''raw light''' 
light from a gaslight is not 'artificial' as from electric lights, streetlamps, etc. Cf. Telleruide section.

'''Gasophilia''' 
Love of gas.

'''Schwärmer''' 
The name is a German word meaning visionary, zealot, raver.

'''Waves in a timeless stream of Gas''' 
Replevin equates piped gas to the æther.

'''Sensitive Flame''' 
A burner flame adjusted so that it responds to the tiniest disturbance in the air. Used by both physicists and spiritualists.

'''Chidambaram''' 
A city in south India and Chidambaram is one of the Panchabhoota Sthalams - temples built for the 5 elements said to embody Shiva - at Chidambaram (space), Kalahasti (wind), Thiruvanaikaval (water), Tiruvannamalai (fire) and Kanchipuram (earth).

'''''Akaša''''' 
Akasa is the fifth element,the ether, unseen and invisible but an important element permeating the whole universe. It is also considered
to be indentical with Brahma, the creator..... 
Akasa is 'simple,continuous infinite substance and is the substratum of sound.' Both from Indian Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1999.

'''Atman''' 
''Sanskrit''. In Hinduisim, the innermost essence of each individual. Also, the soul. ''Cf.'' Weed Atman in ''Vineland''.

''''''Chaos'''''' 
allusion is seems to Genesis. "Chaos" is in fact the Greek word [for without form and void], says this site.
"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth
And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
And God said, Let there be light; and there was light.
And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness."
-- Genesis 1: 1-4 (KJV)

'''van Helmont''' 
He claimed to have coined the word "gas" in just the way described here.

'''stridently unpopulated''' 
Cf p610.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 557-587

2007-01-30T11:51:40Z

Tommaso: /* Page 561 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 557==

'''Viktor Mulciber''' 
Well, no benign associations with "Mulciber"! Mulciber is an alternative name of the Roman god Vulcan, the god of fire and volcanoes, and the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, and armor for gods and heroes. Mulciber is also the name of a character in John Milton's ''Paradise Lost'', the architect of the demon city of Pandemonium. In the Harry Potter books, Mulciber is a Death Eater, a minor Dark Wizard.

'''bespoke''' 
made to order, hence hand-made and expensive. Somewhere in the novel is a reference to 1 Savile Row, the address of Gieves and Hawkes, a very traditional English tailor.

'''Basil Zaharoff''' 
Sir Basil Zaharoff, originally Zacharias Basileios, (1849, Muğla, Turkey - 1936, Monte Carlo, Monaco) was a Greek arms trader and financier, the director and chairman of the Vickers munitions firm during World War I [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaharoff_Basil].

'''trains of history... run''' 
Karl Marx, in ''Das Kapital'', referred to wars as the "express trains of history" because they can spark societal or national crises, marking a historical turning point, and they can release economic, social, and moral forces of unforeseen power and dimensions, making any return to the status quo impossible.
Also notice TRP's steady referencing of 'railroads' in a negative way.

'''Q-weapon''' 
Allusion to Professor Kokintz's "Q-bomb" in ''The Mouse That Roared'' (1959), to James Bond's master armorer Q, and to the character "Q" in Star Trek. The name "Q" is also shared by other members of the Q Continuum. Q is a mischievous omnipotent being who has taken an interest in humans. He also has a flair for the dramatic, with a mercurial personality that switches between a joking, camp style and a more ominous and even dangerous manner. While he is boastful, condescending and threatening, he arguably has humanity's best interests at heart. In the episode "The Q and the Gray" (''Star Trek: Voyager'' - 3rd season), Q weapons are provided to the crew of the Voyager to free Q and Janeway, who have been captured by rebels. [http://www.answers.com/topic/the-q-and-the-grey Synopsis]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(Star_Trek) Wikipedia]

'''Balkan ''komitadji''''' 
Originally, members of the rebel gangs ("committees"), controlled from Sofia, who made forays into Macedonia, the chief object of Bulgarian expansionism before WWI. The word was also commonly used for Serbian irregular fighters.

'''waybill''' 
Ancestor of what Fedex and UPS call "shipping document"; it identifies the article shipped and contains necessary addresses and instructions.

'''metamorphosed into an American Negro''' 
Cf honorary Negro (Frank above).

'''Nipponese''' 
Japanese

'''peach''' 
Plum, actually.

'''Hertzian''' 
Electromagnetic waves, first demonstrated by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz Heinrich Hertz]

'''they cannot strictly . . . longitudinal as well as transverse''' 
Hertz's theory and Maxwell's equations describe ''transverse'' waves in which the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of travel; no longitudinal waves--with vibrations parallel to the direction of travel--are permitted. In air, sound waves are longitudinal; what's suggested here is a new wave that does not fit the Hertz-Maxwell paradigm.

==Page 558==

'''scalar part''' 
Quaternion equivalent of the real part. 
Time is a scaler term.

'''baritone in a barbershop quartet''' 
[http://www.barbershop.org/web/groups/public/documents/pages/pub_id_000827.hcsp Quote]:Technically speaking, barbershop harmony is a style of unaccompanied singing with three voices harmonizing to the melody. The lead usually sings the melody, with the tenor harmonizing above the lead. The bass sings the lowest harmonizing notes and the baritone provides in-between notes, either above or below the lead to make chords (specifically, dominant-type or "barbershop" sevenths) that give barbershop its distinctive, "full" sound.

'''viola in a string quartet''' 
Two violins, a viola, and a violoncello make up a string quartet. The viola is between the others in pitch and is generally considered to have been given the least interesting parts in Classical and Romantic music for string quartet.

'''Further Term''' 
The three parts of a quaternion that are multiples of '''i''', '''j''' and '''k'''

'''the fulfiller of the Trinity''' 
the name of the first atom bomb detonated at Los Alamos. Alluded to earlier as the "Anti-Stone" (Webb and Merle, p.78). The origin of the name Trinity for this event is uncertain. It is commonly thought that Robert Oppenheimer provided the name, which would seem logical, but even this is not definitely known. A leading theory is that Oppenheimer did select it, and that he did so with reference to the divine Hindu trinity of Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer). Oppenheimer had an avid interest in Sanskrit literature (which he had taught himself to read), and following the Trinity test is reported to have recited a passage from the Bhagavad-Gita that is quoted earlier in this wiki. 

The usage of the Tibetan Mount Kailash, the holy dwelling place of Shiva, God of destruction and regeneration, on p. 437 seems to support this.

Also, a religious allusion to the three-person Godhead in Christian theology. 
Also, third ATD meaning!, a college in Dublin mentioned on page 560.

Also,"the Destroyer, the fulfiller of the trinity" recalls the Destroyer on page 154, the meteorite, and thus relates ''that'' passage to the Anti-Stone.

Also, in Jungian Psychology the 'fulfiller' of the trinity, making it a complete four-aspect entity, is the 'shadow', or traditionally, the devil (the force always excluded and seen as bad in Christian theology). Cf. C. G. Jung, "Versuch einer psychologischen Deutung des Trinitätsdogmas", Gesammelte Werke 11, especially p.179-94. Interestingly, Jung uses the term 'quaternarisch' for this. More Q-talk, then.

'''the pulselessness of salvation''' 
salvation lies outside of time?

'''A weapon based on Time''' 
Time is why there is entropy, that key Pynchonian term. Pynchon has created a brilliant metaphor that uses the concept uniquely.

'''laterite''' 
A mineral structure formed by erosion, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laterite Wikipedia]. Laterite is typically rich in metal oxides and poor in organic matter.

'''Ostend''' 
Ostend (Dutch: Oostende, French & German: Ostende) is a Belgian municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It comprises the villages of Mariakerke, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest at the Belgian coast. Wikipedia.

'''Inner Boulevards''' 
streets in Brussels."In spite of the competition of the Central or Inner Boulevards, the Montagne de la Cour still remains the principal street for shopping in Brussels." "Brussels", Antiques Digest, 1904.

'''Gare du Midi''' 
The largest railway station in Brussels and a haunt of prostitutes.

'''Edouard Gevaert''' 
(No ligature?)

==Page 559==

'''Krupp field-piece''' 
The Krupps are an ancient German family, famous for making weapons. A field-piece is a light-cannon.

'''vaguely glandular''' 
Describes Belgium, it seems.

'''''ostinato''''' 
A continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm.

'''poleaxed''' 
Stunned, brought to a mental standstill. (I believe a poleaxe was used in slaughterhouses. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 11:31, 3 January 2007 (PST))

'''lost to silence''' 
(Not silent, or very?)Very

==Page 560==

'''Estacade''' 
???

'''''mousmée... mouchard''' 
French: a young Japanese woman; a police spy.

'''always lead an irregular life''' 
Cf GR.

'''Maria Bayley Hamilton''' 
???

'''council meeting''' 
???

==Page 561==

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
It was on this site that the [[H#hamilton|mathematician William Rowan Hamilton]], in a flash of genius, came upon the formula for Quaternions and scratched it into the stone of the bridge.

'''on the stone''' 
The bridge is evidently a stone bridge. Stone, a natural thing, is a good for Pynchon. Hamilton's action is metaphorically a deeply religious moment. "Pentecostal" wherein the Quaternions 'descend' to earth [in the thoughts of men].

'''Pentecostal''' 
Pentecost (< Greek πεντηκοστή [ἡμέρα], pentekostē [hēmera], "the fiftieth day") is the fiftieth day after Easter Sunday, which corresponds to the tenth day after Ascension Thursday. It is a feast in the Christian liturgical calendar — symbolically related to the Jewish festival of Shavuot — that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and the followers of Jesus on that day, as described in the Book of Acts, Chapter 2. Pentecost is also called "Whitsunday" (deriving from "Wit Sunday") in UK and other English-speaking areas.

Almost needless to say, the Pentecostal revelation is what is supposed to happen at the end of "Lot 49".

'''official Mischief Opportunity''' 
like 'shore leave', it seems. To leave the rules of the Organization and create mischief.

'''absinthe spoons''' 
absinthe spoons have slits whereon are placed sugar cubes through which one pours the absinthe

'''cravats''' 
A cravat is the neckband forerunner of the modern, tailored necktie. From the end of the 16th century, the term "band" applied to any long-strip neckcloth that was not a "ruff"; the ruff—a starched, pleated white linen strip—started its fashion career earlier in the 16th century as neckcloth that could be changed-a-fresh to keep the neck of a doublet from becoming too-soiled or as a bib or a napkin. A "band" could indicate a plain, attached shirt collar or a detachable "falling band" that draped over the doublet collar.
Necktie fashions have changed over time.The modern cravat originated in the 1630s.

'''"four-door farce"''' 
(See eg Bogdanovich's "What's Up, Doc?")
This is also a pun on the name of Georges Feydeau, French writer of farces who was writing when Pynchon's novel is set. One of the recurring physical jokes involves sets with many doors and people coming in and out, just missing each other....

==Page 562==

'''Minque''' 
the fish auction house

'''carillons... carilloneur''' 
bells...bellringer

'''Hanseatic''' 
The Hansa or Hanseatic League (definitely a creation of "the Christian North," next paragraph) was a great mercantile system that held itself above national rule.

'''burghers''' 
middle-class married men

'''silted up''' 
backed up, underwater, with mud; i.e. neglected, because replaced by railroads.

'''Damme and Sluis''' 
Port cities near Bruges, heavily dependent on them from the 14th Century.

==Page 563==

'''trusted his intuitiveness''' 
Woevre is a natural killer.

'''''"Jou moerskont!"''... Afrikaans''' 
Possibly "you horse's ass"? --More likely something like "mother's cunt".

==Page 564==

'''immense choir''' 
???

'''''Voetsak''''' 
Dutch or Afrikaans, "Go away!", also spelled "voertsek" or "voetsek"

'''starers''' 
???

'''tobacco-stricken''' 
a smoker's deep voice?

'''half-silvering''' 
A design for an optical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_splitter beam splitter] that causes half of the incident light to be transmitted and the other half to be reflected.

'''four cusps... index-surface''' 
???

'''co-conscious''' 
third use, I think. Who/what is co-conscious here?

Could it be the dimly perceived consciousness of one's double in the adjacent, alternate world? Or one's consciousness of that world?

==Page 565==

'''true icosahedron''' 
Probably an regular icosahedron, where the sides are formed by 20 equilateral triangles

'''12+8... pyrites''' 
Pyrite crystals form a structure that can be decomposed into unit cells that contain (part of) 12 sulphur atoms and 8 iron atoms.

'''Riemann sphere''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_sphere Wikipedia]

'''Felix Klein''' 
German mathematician ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Klein Wikipedia])

'''ebonite''' 
An early plastic([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebonite Wikipedia])

'''Ohmic Drift''' 
ohm = : the practical meter-kilogram-second unit of electric resistance equal to the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampere

'''speed of the earth... kinetic energy''' 
Einstein in 1905 showed most of this argument to be nonsense, but if Lorentz's paper is still recent (next entry) the shift in thinking may not have happened yet.

'''Recently Lorentz's paper''' 
Lorentz's 1904 "Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity less than that of light" ([http://www.soso.ch/wissen/hist/SRT/L-1904.pdf PDF])

'''Lorentz . . . Fitzgerald . . . along the axis of motion''' 
It was the phenomenon of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, together with the abolition of the æther by Michelson and Morley, that led Einstein to his theory of special relativity.

'''Lord Rayleigh''' 
British physicist ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Rayleigh Wikipedia])

==Page 566==

'''In a dream...''' 

This passage, describing Kit's dream of Umeki and the message it conveys, pulls together many of the main themes of ''Against the Day'', tying things together in a way that Pynchon seldom does, almost as if he's providing a rather large piece of the puzzle to help the reader understand the novel:

"Deep among the equations describing the behavor of light, field equations, Vector and Quaternion equations, lies a set of directions, an intinerary, a map to a hidden space. Double refraction appears again and again as a key element, permitting a view into a Creation set just to the side of this one, so close as to overlap, where the membrane between the worlds, in many places, has become too frail, too permeable, for safety.... Within the mirror, with the scalar term, within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark intinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist."

This is rather a good description of ''AtD'' itself. It is a (inevitably) "corrupted pilgrim's guide", but is the guide corrupted, or the pilgrim?

'''analogies''' 
(Pynchonian heuristics.)

'''the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first''' 
Cf. p. 436 '''holy pilgrimages. One defines a destination, proceeds through a series of stations...

'''lightless uncreated''' 
(Gnostic heresy?)

'''stuffed sinus''' 
sinus/nasal congestion. It is like looking out onto a new world when one's sinus finally clears after days of congestion.

'''''Konichiwa''''' 
Japanese greeting

==Page 567==

'''new Puccini opera''' 
Obviously, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Butterfly Madame Butterfly]

'''[Americans] can't ever die of shame''' 
shameless, unlike the Japanese

'''Kimura-san''' 
Kimura ( "tree village") is the 18th most common Japanese surname.
-san is used as a courtesy title in Japanese-speaking areas as a suffix to the given name, surname, or title of the person being addressed, regardless of age or gender: Yamamoto san; sensei-san. 
Chimera-san?

'''Borel-Clerc... "La Matchiche"''' 
Popular vaudeville song from 1903. "La Matchiche" is French for the Brazilian dance Maxixe.

'''western anchor''' 
What about France, Spain, Portugal? Belgium is a port country with a highly developed transportation system into all of these countries. .....it was the first country to industrialize in Europe....Wikipedia.

In addition, Ostend is the westernmost port. It remains today a major Continental ferry terminus for North Sea crossings, including the fastest surface route, the hydrofoil.

'''Compaignie Internationale des Wagons-Lits''' 
"International Sleeping-Car Company", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlson_Wagonlit Wikipedia]

'''two hundred francs''' 
"None of that, Hakkabut. Hold your tongue." And, turning to Rosette, the captain said, "If, sir, I understand right, you require some silver five-franc pieces for your operation?"
"Forty," said Rosette, surlily.
"Two hundred francs!" whined Hakkabut.-- On a Comet, Jules Verne

'''theory of sets''' 
Set theory is the mathematical theory of sets, which represent collections of abstract objects. It encompasses the everyday notions, introduced in primary school, of collections of objects, and the elements of, and membership in, such collections. In most modern mathematical formalisms, set theory provides the language in which mathematical objects are described. It is (along with logic and the predicate calculus) one of the axiomatic foundations for mathematics, allowing mathematical objects to be constructed formally from the undefined terms of "set" and "set membership". It is in its own right a branch of mathematics and an active field of mathematical research. Wikipedia

'''Bruges Canal''' 
Belgium: Bruges canal.

==Page 568==

'''vaporetto''' 
A Venetian water-bus.

'''Grand Canal''' 
The main canal that runs through the heart of Venice and down past San Marco, the city's main square.

'''San Marco end''' 
See above. This is where Florian's (appears in the novel) is situated.

'''Piazzetta''' 
???

'''San Giorgio Maggiore''' 
A rather over-ornate church on the Grand Canal opposite San Marco.

'''spreading... cloak''' 
Cliche/allusion?

'''live here forever''' 
Pynchon special-pleading that Dally isn't just another tourist.
Or is this just a typical reaction of the tourist? And a Pynchonesque longing for home?
==Page 569==

'''Malibran... Polo's house''' 
The Teatro Malibran, built at the site of Marco Polo's house, which was destroyed in 1596.

'''"pincette" pass''' 
Probably from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pincer_movement pincer movement] of military strategy.

'''profondes''' 
"Large pockets in tail coats which can be used for vanishes or productions", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conjuring_terms Wikipedia]

'''Vincenzo Miserere''' 
???

'''train to Trieste''' 
???

'''Svegli''' 
???

'''shark leather''' 
Different from sharkskin?

'''''Specchiere''''' 
Mirror-maker

'''glassmakers on Murano''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murano Wikipedia]

'''today''' 
when is that?

==Page 570==

'''another one of his stories''' 
(Jackson Pynchon should highlight all the AtD passages that originated as bedtime stories.)

'''TERAPIA''' 
Italian, "therapy"

'''San Servolo''' 
An island in the Venetian archipelago, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo Wikipedia], [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=45.418654+N,+12.35698+E&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=45.418651,12.35698&spn=0.006891,0.010793&t=k&om=1&iwloc=addr Google Maps]

'''Palazzo Ducale''' 
The Ducal Palace in Venice, residence of the Doge. It's by San Marco.

'''''manicomio''''' 
Italian, "madhouse"

'''uterine vellum''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellum Vellum] produced from the skin of an unborn calf

'''pitch, rouge''' 
Products used in the grinding of lenses and mirrors.

==Page 571==

'''La Doppiatrice''' 
Italian: the Doubler.

Perhaps an analogue of the diffraction grating that splits the electron into two "alternate" electrons in Schrodinger's thought experiment on quantum effects, source here of a sort of human quantum splitting, an alternate universe creator.

'''Ettore Sananzolo''' 
???

'''Maskelyne cabinet''' 
After Neville Maskelyne, from ''Mason and Dixon.'' Maskelyne was sent at the same time as M and D to record the Transit of Venus on St. Helena. He became Astronomer Royale while they were in America.

More likely a descendant, Jasper M., famous stage magician and designer of dazzle camouflage.[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:34, 2 January 2007 (PST)

Or it could be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nevil_Maskelyne John Nevil Maskelyne] another descendent. --[[User:Jeffersonista|Jordan]] 13:46, 25 January 2007 (PST)

I'm convinced you are right, Jordan. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:17, 29 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 572==

'''smoke back into a cigar''' 
Time's arrow/ entropy motif.

'''hard-as-a-rock black cigar''' 
The quality of a cigar is usually higher with dark, more tightly-wrapped tobacco. Vincenzo has a fine one, it seems.

'''thumping''' 
sound/feeling of a water-bus?

'''''salso''''' 
Longest river in Sicily.Its small deltaic system there is dominated by marine processes rather than fluvial ones. It is a seasonal torrent, with brief but violent floods during the winter rains (from November to February), Is this what riding the salso in and back out again means? Riding the floods from the winter rains?

'''''sandoli''''' 
???

'''trains pulling in''' 
Famous early film.

==Page 573==

'''Cannareggio''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannaregio Cannaregio]

==Page 574==

'''thirty years older''' 
About 65yo?

'''that day''' 
In NYC when Dally showed up.

'''when she was born''' 
Cf Pretenders/Chryssie Hynde.

'''Stronzo''' 
Italian curse word, roughly "asshole"

'''''In bocc' al lupo!''''' 
From the Roman dialect, in which the Italians - including Rocco and Pino - seem to speak. Meaning, literally, "In the
mouth of the wolf," and idiomatically, "Good luck."

Specifically the good-luck wish among actors: "Break a leg!" [[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:36, 2 January 2007 (PST)

'''''campielli''''' 
???

'''impersonation of itself''' 
echoes "the mountains had become geometrical impersonations of themselves", p. 394

==Page 575==

'''Riva''' 
???

'''middy blouses''' 
In the style of a midshipman's blouse (shirt).

'''not yet been rebuilt''' 
Remember p256.

'''''lucciole''''' 
???

'''''fondamenta''''' 
A waterside street in Venice

'''''ombreta''''' 
???

'''light's good here''' 
Old joke about drunk looking for car keys under streetlight though he dropped them somewhere else.

'''inside that labyrinth . . . microcosm of all Venice''' 
A hologram has this property, that a little chip broken off it contains the entire image.

==Page 576==

'''twelve soldi''' 
???

'''franc... ten francs''' 
???

'''Canaletto''' 
Venetian landscape painter, 1697-1768, famous for his paintings of Venice.

As described, Penhallow's pictures are reminiscent, in spirit and in some ways content, of John Singer Sargent's Venetian paintings. Sargent also later painted one of the most haunting images of World War I, "Gassed" [www.bbc.co.uk/.../art/art_frontline_gal_01.shtml], showing a column of men blinded by mustard gas feeling their way to an aid station.

'''Beppo''' 
Allusion to Byron's poem "Beppo - A Venetian Story". Beppo is a husband who's been away for many years and then, returning, reclaims his wife from another man.

Beppo = Mouse, diminutive of Giuseppi. There is also Beppo Levi (born on May 14, 1875 in Turin, Italy, died on August 28, 1961 in Rosario, Argentina) Italian mathematician, director of the Mathematics Institute of the National University of the Littoral from 1939 to 1961. His work included the mathematics of alternative spaces[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beppo_Levi].

'''pitch''' 
???

'''Bauer-Grünwald''' 
An expensive hotel near San Marco in Venice.

==Page 577==

''''Safe'''' 
Recent art-movie title? I think safe here means safe without allusion.

'''neutral hour?''' 
Is any moment in Time apolitical?

'''Castello''' 
Castello is the largest of the six sestieri of Venice. The district grew up from the thirteenth century around a naval dockyard on what was originally the Isole Gemini.

'''Evening Gun''' 
"At reveille the morning gun goes off; and at retreat, the evening". From
a history description. Here is a site with picture.http://www.ziplink.net/~edkreutz/1f.html

'''Dr. Grace''' 
Renowned, full-bearded 19th-century English cricket player.

==Page 578==

'''Dorsoduro''' 
An area of Venice.

'''''pensione''''' 
A cheap Italian hotel, like a bed and breakfast.

'''La Calcina''' 
???

'''''"traces of conciousness"...streaming by''''' 
Possible allusion to Joyce's "stream of conciousness". Ulysses is also set in 1904, the year Joyce met his wife.

'''Zattere''' 
An area of wide waterfront pavements in Venice.

'''''...in hotels, the way your dreams are often, alarmingly, not your own?''''' 
One more possible allusion to Proust, including also the following paragraph. At the beginning of the ''Recherche'', the main character, Marcel, spends a sleepless night in a hotel room, surrounded by memories he can't make sense of.

In ''Lot 49'' Oedipa Maas considers all the dreams and memories stored in the mattresses of transients' hotels, and of the information destroyed when they burned.

'''''cimici''''' 
???

'''bora''' 
a regional wind, blowing each winter.

==Page 579==

'''Tintoretto's ''Abduction...''''' 
See [http://www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3374 here]

'''Accademia''' 
The major art-gallery in Venice

'''Titian''' 
16th century Venetian painter.

'''Infancy Gospel of Thomas''' 
???

==Page 580==

'''Pentecost story in Acts''' 
Pentecost is a Christian holiday commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus' followers and the beginning of the Christian church. Pentecost is celebrated by many (but not all) Christians on the Sunday 50 days after Easter. It often falls in early June. [[Acts II|Read the Biblical passages in Acts II...]]

'''Galilean dialect''' 
Of Aramaic.

'''Yes, well, it's redemption, isn't it, you expect chaos, you get order instead''' 
In the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and the Pentecost, first Jesus, then the Holy Ghost, act as Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon]. In the Infancy Gospel story, Jesus sorts the randomly mixed dye molecules so that each garment comes out one color; in the Pentecost story the Holy Ghost causes a single language, just random noise to all but Galileans, to be heard as the many different languages of the listeners. Taking the two stories together, thermodynamic entropy is reversed, but the entropy of information is increased. This is the crux of ''Lot 49''; here it is another "secular miracle"; order emerges from chaos. The mathemateicians, artists and similar seekers may bring forth a similar miracle, the ability to experience other dimensions, to understand the universe (See Kit's dream, P.566).

'''''rii''''' 
Plural of ''rio''.

==Page 581==

'''''sotopòrteghi''''' 
An open doorway for public access.

'''Bodeo 10.4 mm''' 
A mass-produced Italian-made service revolver, initially made around 1889. Demand for them as guns was low, causing thousands of the weapons to be converted to table lamps. An interesting Pynchonian connection between light, manufacture, weapons, and war.

==Page 582==

'''''foschetta''''' 
???

'''''masègni''''' 
???

'''''patrone''''' 
???

'''wine trains up from Puglia''' 
???

'''Winter''' 
1904-1905?

'''Principessa Spongiatosta''' 
Is Pugnax's book from p6 at all relevant here?

'''Ca'''' 
Abbreviated form of "Casa," Italian for "house."

Which appears to be multidimensional, or at any rate non-Euclidean, reminiscent of Zombini's cabinet.

'''Roman Composite order''' 
???

'''japonica''' 
???

==Page 583==

'''Iron Bridge''' 
???

'''Le Havre''' 
French port city on the Atlantic.

'''''ma via''''' 
???

'''third eyes touching''' 
The third eye, as existing on some reptiles is a dorsal organ that is receptive to light, otherwise known as the ''pineal eye''. Since the two half-sisters are obviously not reptiles, this reference might allude to the figurative third eye, or the eye of the mind, heart or soul. When the two touch foreheads, they are able to peer into each other consciences, by way of these third eyes. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/third+eye /Dictionary Entry]

==Page 584==

'''"Swiss insurance salesman. Wolf. No, Putzi."''' 
Bria's had so many beaux she gets them confused? One was a wolf; the other a putz?

'''''topo''''' 
A topo is a guide for a crag or climbing area.

'''Dogana''' 
???

'''Andrea Tancredi''' 
An artist and acquaintence made by Hunter Penhallow in Venice. His name is likely derived from the Gioacchino Rossini opera ''Tancredi'' or the Voltaire play by the same name. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancredi Wikipedia Entry] 
Tancredi, restored, is a tragedy. the soldier Tancredi and his family have been stripped of their estates and inheritances, and he himself has been banished since his youth. Two more noble families — headed by Argirio and Orbazzano — have been warring for years. Wikipedia.
Tancredi presides in exile...he is mortally wounded at the end after learning the person he thought betrayed the heroine did not.

:Actually, per [[T#tancredi|my entry in the Alpha index]], more likely the name connects with Tancredi, the time-traveling character in ''City of Death'', a four-part serial in the British science fiction television series ''Dr. Who'' which involves time travel and bilocation. Tancredi is the sole survivor of the Jagaroth race, an evil people who destroyed themselves in a war some 400 million years ago. Tancredi explains that a few escaped in a dilapidated spacecraft and found Earth in a primeval, lifeless stage of its development. The ship disintegrated upon takeoff and [[Scaroth]] tells of how he was fractured in time, splinters of his being were scattered across time and space, all identical, none complete. Whereas, in ''City of Death'', Tancredi, one of the Scaroff "splinters" living in Renaissance Italy, is plotting to create multiple Mona Lisa's for fraudulent purposes, ''Against the Day'''s Tancredi is fighting art fraud. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Death Read the synopsis of ''City of Death'']; The name "Andrea" ''could'' be a reference to the protagonist Andrea Marsh, a time-traveler in the 1889 novel, ''Timeless Love'' by Judy Hinson ([[Timeless Love|synopsis]]).

'''Seurat and Signac''' 
George Seurat (1859-1891) and Paul Signac (1863-1935), French painters who developed pointillism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointillism Wikipedia entry].

'''Divisionism''' 
Term invented by Paul Signac to describe the Neo-Impressionist separation of colour into dots or patches applied directly to the canvas. From Grove Dictionary of Art.

'''Marinetti''' 
The Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti was the first among [the Futurists] to produce a manifesto of their artistic philosophy in his Manifesto of Futurism (1909)(see below).

'''"Futurists"''' 
Practitioners or followers of Futurism, an early 20th century art movement that is considered the genesis of Cubism, Dada and Art Deco. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism_%28art%29 Wikipedia entry].Marinetti summed up the major principles of the Futurists, including a passionate loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions. He and others also espoused a love of speed, technology and violence. The car, the plane, the industrial town were all legendary for the Futurists, because they represented the technological triumph of man over nature.

'''brutalism''' 
See above and The Futurists were often condemned as fascistic in their manifestos and outlook.

'''Torcello''' 
A lonely Venetian island: very peaceful and beautiful with a church and little else.

'''primitivo''' 
???

==Page 585==

'''green-and-lavender''' 
Another clashing color scheme.

'''sirocco''' 
A hot dust-laden wind from the Libyan deserts that blows on the northern Mediterranean coast chiefly in Italy, Malta, and Sicily.

'''San Michele''' 
San Michele, nicknamed The Island of the Dead, is the cemetery island of Venice. It is associated with the sestiere of Cannaregio from which it lies a short distance north east.
Walls of San Michele.Along with neighbouring San Cristoforo della Pace, the island was a popular place for local travellers and fishermen to land. Mauro Codussi's Chiesa di San Michele in Isola of 1469, the first Renaissance church in Venice, and a monastery lie on the island.

'''futuristic vehicle''' 
P155. Of course, the machine-inspired Futurists would remind Hunter of this vehicle that 'had borne him to safety'!

'''''Preliminary Studies...''''' 
Artists often do 'preliminary studies'..'infernal machine' comes out of Futurism's ideas.

==Page 586==

'''Always with us.''' 
Gospel of Matthew. "The poor you will always have with you". Here reference is to born-again Christers.

'''''vero?''''' 
True, genuine,real? Dally asks.

'''orpiment yellow''' 
A yellow color pigment ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpiment Wikipedia])

'''Nürnberg violet''' 
An artificial color pigment discovered in 1868 in the city of Nuremberg

==Page 587==

'''I really love the old dump''' 
For the same reason Dally does: Venice has what Pynchon called (in ''V.'') "Temporal Bandwidth": a life in a depth of time, a simultaneous humane immesion in past, present and future. The canals of industrialized Belgium are silted up, the connections to its Hanse past lost, paved and tracked over. This has not, and cannot, happen to Venice; even a Futurist painter cannot carry out the appaling modernization he describes. Venice is a place to hide from the future; indeed, in terms of physical destruction, the world wars barely touched La Serenisima.

'''''nebbia, nebbietta, foschia, caligo, sfumato''''' 
Varieties of fog.

'''speed of sound''' 
Air temperature is more important that density.

'''''La Velocità del Suono''''' 
Italian, "speed of sound"

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 557-587

2007-01-30T11:47:35Z

Tommaso: /* Page 558 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 557==

'''Viktor Mulciber''' 
Well, no benign associations with "Mulciber"! Mulciber is an alternative name of the Roman god Vulcan, the god of fire and volcanoes, and the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, and armor for gods and heroes. Mulciber is also the name of a character in John Milton's ''Paradise Lost'', the architect of the demon city of Pandemonium. In the Harry Potter books, Mulciber is a Death Eater, a minor Dark Wizard.

'''bespoke''' 
made to order, hence hand-made and expensive. Somewhere in the novel is a reference to 1 Savile Row, the address of Gieves and Hawkes, a very traditional English tailor.

'''Basil Zaharoff''' 
Sir Basil Zaharoff, originally Zacharias Basileios, (1849, Muğla, Turkey - 1936, Monte Carlo, Monaco) was a Greek arms trader and financier, the director and chairman of the Vickers munitions firm during World War I [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaharoff_Basil].

'''trains of history... run''' 
Karl Marx, in ''Das Kapital'', referred to wars as the "express trains of history" because they can spark societal or national crises, marking a historical turning point, and they can release economic, social, and moral forces of unforeseen power and dimensions, making any return to the status quo impossible.
Also notice TRP's steady referencing of 'railroads' in a negative way.

'''Q-weapon''' 
Allusion to Professor Kokintz's "Q-bomb" in ''The Mouse That Roared'' (1959), to James Bond's master armorer Q, and to the character "Q" in Star Trek. The name "Q" is also shared by other members of the Q Continuum. Q is a mischievous omnipotent being who has taken an interest in humans. He also has a flair for the dramatic, with a mercurial personality that switches between a joking, camp style and a more ominous and even dangerous manner. While he is boastful, condescending and threatening, he arguably has humanity's best interests at heart. In the episode "The Q and the Gray" (''Star Trek: Voyager'' - 3rd season), Q weapons are provided to the crew of the Voyager to free Q and Janeway, who have been captured by rebels. [http://www.answers.com/topic/the-q-and-the-grey Synopsis]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(Star_Trek) Wikipedia]

'''Balkan ''komitadji''''' 
Originally, members of the rebel gangs ("committees"), controlled from Sofia, who made forays into Macedonia, the chief object of Bulgarian expansionism before WWI. The word was also commonly used for Serbian irregular fighters.

'''waybill''' 
Ancestor of what Fedex and UPS call "shipping document"; it identifies the article shipped and contains necessary addresses and instructions.

'''metamorphosed into an American Negro''' 
Cf honorary Negro (Frank above).

'''Nipponese''' 
Japanese

'''peach''' 
Plum, actually.

'''Hertzian''' 
Electromagnetic waves, first demonstrated by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz Heinrich Hertz]

'''they cannot strictly . . . longitudinal as well as transverse''' 
Hertz's theory and Maxwell's equations describe ''transverse'' waves in which the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of travel; no longitudinal waves--with vibrations parallel to the direction of travel--are permitted. In air, sound waves are longitudinal; what's suggested here is a new wave that does not fit the Hertz-Maxwell paradigm.

==Page 558==

'''scalar part''' 
Quaternion equivalent of the real part. 
Time is a scaler term.

'''baritone in a barbershop quartet''' 
[http://www.barbershop.org/web/groups/public/documents/pages/pub_id_000827.hcsp Quote]:Technically speaking, barbershop harmony is a style of unaccompanied singing with three voices harmonizing to the melody. The lead usually sings the melody, with the tenor harmonizing above the lead. The bass sings the lowest harmonizing notes and the baritone provides in-between notes, either above or below the lead to make chords (specifically, dominant-type or "barbershop" sevenths) that give barbershop its distinctive, "full" sound.

'''viola in a string quartet''' 
Two violins, a viola, and a violoncello make up a string quartet. The viola is between the others in pitch and is generally considered to have been given the least interesting parts in Classical and Romantic music for string quartet.

'''Further Term''' 
The three parts of a quaternion that are multiples of '''i''', '''j''' and '''k'''

'''the fulfiller of the Trinity''' 
the name of the first atom bomb detonated at Los Alamos. Alluded to earlier as the "Anti-Stone" (Webb and Merle, p.78). The origin of the name Trinity for this event is uncertain. It is commonly thought that Robert Oppenheimer provided the name, which would seem logical, but even this is not definitely known. A leading theory is that Oppenheimer did select it, and that he did so with reference to the divine Hindu trinity of Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer). Oppenheimer had an avid interest in Sanskrit literature (which he had taught himself to read), and following the Trinity test is reported to have recited a passage from the Bhagavad-Gita that is quoted earlier in this wiki. 

The usage of the Tibetan Mount Kailash, the holy dwelling place of Shiva, God of destruction and regeneration, on p. 437 seems to support this.

Also, a religious allusion to the three-person Godhead in Christian theology. 
Also, third ATD meaning!, a college in Dublin mentioned on page 560.

Also,"the Destroyer, the fulfiller of the trinity" recalls the Destroyer on page 154, the meteorite, and thus relates ''that'' passage to the Anti-Stone.

Also, in Jungian Psychology the 'fulfiller' of the trinity, making it a complete four-aspect entity, is the 'shadow', or traditionally, the devil (the force always excluded and seen as bad in Christian theology). Cf. C. G. Jung, "Versuch einer psychologischen Deutung des Trinitätsdogmas", Gesammelte Werke 11, especially p.179-94. Interestingly, Jung uses the term 'quaternarisch' for this. More Q-talk, then.

'''the pulselessness of salvation''' 
salvation lies outside of time?

'''A weapon based on Time''' 
Time is why there is entropy, that key Pynchonian term. Pynchon has created a brilliant metaphor that uses the concept uniquely.

'''laterite''' 
A mineral structure formed by erosion, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laterite Wikipedia]. Laterite is typically rich in metal oxides and poor in organic matter.

'''Ostend''' 
Ostend (Dutch: Oostende, French & German: Ostende) is a Belgian municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It comprises the villages of Mariakerke, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest at the Belgian coast. Wikipedia.

'''Inner Boulevards''' 
streets in Brussels."In spite of the competition of the Central or Inner Boulevards, the Montagne de la Cour still remains the principal street for shopping in Brussels." "Brussels", Antiques Digest, 1904.

'''Gare du Midi''' 
The largest railway station in Brussels and a haunt of prostitutes.

'''Edouard Gevaert''' 
(No ligature?)

==Page 559==

'''Krupp field-piece''' 
The Krupps are an ancient German family, famous for making weapons. A field-piece is a light-cannon.

'''vaguely glandular''' 
Describes Belgium, it seems.

'''''ostinato''''' 
A continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm.

'''poleaxed''' 
Stunned, brought to a mental standstill. (I believe a poleaxe was used in slaughterhouses. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 11:31, 3 January 2007 (PST))

'''lost to silence''' 
(Not silent, or very?)Very

==Page 560==

'''Estacade''' 
???

'''''mousmée... mouchard''' 
French: a young Japanese woman; a police spy.

'''always lead an irregular life''' 
Cf GR.

'''Maria Bayley Hamilton''' 
???

'''council meeting''' 
???

==Page 561==

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
It was on this site that the [[H#hamilton|mathematician William Rowan Hamilton]], in a flash of genius, came upon the formula for Quaternions and scratched it into the stone of the bridge.

'''on the stone''' 
The bridge is evidently a stone bridge. Stone, a natural thing, is a good for Pynchon. Hamilton's action is metaphorically a deeply religious moment. "Pentecostal" wherein the Quaternions 'descend' to earth [in the thoughts of men].

'''Pentecostal''' 
Pentecost (< Greek πεντηκοστή [ἡμέρα], pentekostē [hēmera], "the fiftieth day") is the fiftieth day after Easter Sunday, which corresponds to the tenth day after Ascension Thursday. It is a feast in the Christian liturgical calendar — symbolically related to the Jewish festival of Shavuot — that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and the followers of Jesus on that day, as described in the Book of Acts, Chapter 2. Pentecost is also called "Whitsunday" (deriving from "Wit Sunday") in UK and other English-speaking areas.

'''official Mischief Opportunity''' 
like 'shore leave', it seems. To leave the rules of the Organization and create mischief.

'''absinthe spoons''' 
absinthe spoons have slits whereon are placed sugar cubes through which one pours the absinthe

'''cravats''' 
A cravat is the neckband forerunner of the modern, tailored necktie. From the end of the 16th century, the term "band" applied to any long-strip neckcloth that was not a "ruff"; the ruff—a starched, pleated white linen strip—started its fashion career earlier in the 16th century as neckcloth that could be changed-a-fresh to keep the neck of a doublet from becoming too-soiled or as a bib or a napkin. A "band" could indicate a plain, attached shirt collar or a detachable "falling band" that draped over the doublet collar.
Necktie fashions have changed over time.The modern cravat originated in the 1630s.

'''"four-door farce"''' 
(See eg Bogdanovich's "What's Up, Doc?")
This is also a pun on the name of Georges Feydeau, French writer of farces who was writing when Pynchon's novel is set. One of the recurring physical jokes involves sets with many doors and people coming in and out, just missing each other....

==Page 562==

'''Minque''' 
the fish auction house

'''carillons... carilloneur''' 
bells...bellringer

'''Hanseatic''' 
The Hansa or Hanseatic League (definitely a creation of "the Christian North," next paragraph) was a great mercantile system that held itself above national rule.

'''burghers''' 
middle-class married men

'''silted up''' 
backed up, underwater, with mud; i.e. neglected, because replaced by railroads.

'''Damme and Sluis''' 
Port cities near Bruges, heavily dependent on them from the 14th Century.

==Page 563==

'''trusted his intuitiveness''' 
Woevre is a natural killer.

'''''"Jou moerskont!"''... Afrikaans''' 
Possibly "you horse's ass"? --More likely something like "mother's cunt".

==Page 564==

'''immense choir''' 
???

'''''Voetsak''''' 
Dutch or Afrikaans, "Go away!", also spelled "voertsek" or "voetsek"

'''starers''' 
???

'''tobacco-stricken''' 
a smoker's deep voice?

'''half-silvering''' 
A design for an optical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_splitter beam splitter] that causes half of the incident light to be transmitted and the other half to be reflected.

'''four cusps... index-surface''' 
???

'''co-conscious''' 
third use, I think. Who/what is co-conscious here?

Could it be the dimly perceived consciousness of one's double in the adjacent, alternate world? Or one's consciousness of that world?

==Page 565==

'''true icosahedron''' 
Probably an regular icosahedron, where the sides are formed by 20 equilateral triangles

'''12+8... pyrites''' 
Pyrite crystals form a structure that can be decomposed into unit cells that contain (part of) 12 sulphur atoms and 8 iron atoms.

'''Riemann sphere''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_sphere Wikipedia]

'''Felix Klein''' 
German mathematician ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Klein Wikipedia])

'''ebonite''' 
An early plastic([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebonite Wikipedia])

'''Ohmic Drift''' 
ohm = : the practical meter-kilogram-second unit of electric resistance equal to the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampere

'''speed of the earth... kinetic energy''' 
Einstein in 1905 showed most of this argument to be nonsense, but if Lorentz's paper is still recent (next entry) the shift in thinking may not have happened yet.

'''Recently Lorentz's paper''' 
Lorentz's 1904 "Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity less than that of light" ([http://www.soso.ch/wissen/hist/SRT/L-1904.pdf PDF])

'''Lorentz . . . Fitzgerald . . . along the axis of motion''' 
It was the phenomenon of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, together with the abolition of the æther by Michelson and Morley, that led Einstein to his theory of special relativity.

'''Lord Rayleigh''' 
British physicist ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Rayleigh Wikipedia])

==Page 566==

'''In a dream...''' 

This passage, describing Kit's dream of Umeki and the message it conveys, pulls together many of the main themes of ''Against the Day'', tying things together in a way that Pynchon seldom does, almost as if he's providing a rather large piece of the puzzle to help the reader understand the novel:

"Deep among the equations describing the behavor of light, field equations, Vector and Quaternion equations, lies a set of directions, an intinerary, a map to a hidden space. Double refraction appears again and again as a key element, permitting a view into a Creation set just to the side of this one, so close as to overlap, where the membrane between the worlds, in many places, has become too frail, too permeable, for safety.... Within the mirror, with the scalar term, within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark intinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist."

This is rather a good description of ''AtD'' itself. It is a (inevitably) "corrupted pilgrim's guide", but is the guide corrupted, or the pilgrim?

'''analogies''' 
(Pynchonian heuristics.)

'''the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first''' 
Cf. p. 436 '''holy pilgrimages. One defines a destination, proceeds through a series of stations...

'''lightless uncreated''' 
(Gnostic heresy?)

'''stuffed sinus''' 
sinus/nasal congestion. It is like looking out onto a new world when one's sinus finally clears after days of congestion.

'''''Konichiwa''''' 
Japanese greeting

==Page 567==

'''new Puccini opera''' 
Obviously, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Butterfly Madame Butterfly]

'''[Americans] can't ever die of shame''' 
shameless, unlike the Japanese

'''Kimura-san''' 
Kimura ( "tree village") is the 18th most common Japanese surname.
-san is used as a courtesy title in Japanese-speaking areas as a suffix to the given name, surname, or title of the person being addressed, regardless of age or gender: Yamamoto san; sensei-san. 
Chimera-san?

'''Borel-Clerc... "La Matchiche"''' 
Popular vaudeville song from 1903. "La Matchiche" is French for the Brazilian dance Maxixe.

'''western anchor''' 
What about France, Spain, Portugal? Belgium is a port country with a highly developed transportation system into all of these countries. .....it was the first country to industrialize in Europe....Wikipedia.

In addition, Ostend is the westernmost port. It remains today a major Continental ferry terminus for North Sea crossings, including the fastest surface route, the hydrofoil.

'''Compaignie Internationale des Wagons-Lits''' 
"International Sleeping-Car Company", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlson_Wagonlit Wikipedia]

'''two hundred francs''' 
"None of that, Hakkabut. Hold your tongue." And, turning to Rosette, the captain said, "If, sir, I understand right, you require some silver five-franc pieces for your operation?"
"Forty," said Rosette, surlily.
"Two hundred francs!" whined Hakkabut.-- On a Comet, Jules Verne

'''theory of sets''' 
Set theory is the mathematical theory of sets, which represent collections of abstract objects. It encompasses the everyday notions, introduced in primary school, of collections of objects, and the elements of, and membership in, such collections. In most modern mathematical formalisms, set theory provides the language in which mathematical objects are described. It is (along with logic and the predicate calculus) one of the axiomatic foundations for mathematics, allowing mathematical objects to be constructed formally from the undefined terms of "set" and "set membership". It is in its own right a branch of mathematics and an active field of mathematical research. Wikipedia

'''Bruges Canal''' 
Belgium: Bruges canal.

==Page 568==

'''vaporetto''' 
A Venetian water-bus.

'''Grand Canal''' 
The main canal that runs through the heart of Venice and down past San Marco, the city's main square.

'''San Marco end''' 
See above. This is where Florian's (appears in the novel) is situated.

'''Piazzetta''' 
???

'''San Giorgio Maggiore''' 
A rather over-ornate church on the Grand Canal opposite San Marco.

'''spreading... cloak''' 
Cliche/allusion?

'''live here forever''' 
Pynchon special-pleading that Dally isn't just another tourist.
Or is this just a typical reaction of the tourist? And a Pynchonesque longing for home?
==Page 569==

'''Malibran... Polo's house''' 
The Teatro Malibran, built at the site of Marco Polo's house, which was destroyed in 1596.

'''"pincette" pass''' 
Probably from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pincer_movement pincer movement] of military strategy.

'''profondes''' 
"Large pockets in tail coats which can be used for vanishes or productions", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conjuring_terms Wikipedia]

'''Vincenzo Miserere''' 
???

'''train to Trieste''' 
???

'''Svegli''' 
???

'''shark leather''' 
Different from sharkskin?

'''''Specchiere''''' 
Mirror-maker

'''glassmakers on Murano''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murano Wikipedia]

'''today''' 
when is that?

==Page 570==

'''another one of his stories''' 
(Jackson Pynchon should highlight all the AtD passages that originated as bedtime stories.)

'''TERAPIA''' 
Italian, "therapy"

'''San Servolo''' 
An island in the Venetian archipelago, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo Wikipedia], [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=45.418654+N,+12.35698+E&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=45.418651,12.35698&spn=0.006891,0.010793&t=k&om=1&iwloc=addr Google Maps]

'''Palazzo Ducale''' 
The Ducal Palace in Venice, residence of the Doge. It's by San Marco.

'''''manicomio''''' 
Italian, "madhouse"

'''uterine vellum''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellum Vellum] produced from the skin of an unborn calf

'''pitch, rouge''' 
Products used in the grinding of lenses and mirrors.

==Page 571==

'''La Doppiatrice''' 
Italian: the Doubler.

Perhaps an analogue of the diffraction grating that splits the electron into two "alternate" electrons in Schrodinger's thought experiment on quantum effects, source here of a sort of human quantum splitting, an alternate universe creator.

'''Ettore Sananzolo''' 
???

'''Maskelyne cabinet''' 
After Neville Maskelyne, from ''Mason and Dixon.'' Maskelyne was sent at the same time as M and D to record the Transit of Venus on St. Helena. He became Astronomer Royale while they were in America.

More likely a descendant, Jasper M., famous stage magician and designer of dazzle camouflage.[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:34, 2 January 2007 (PST)

Or it could be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nevil_Maskelyne John Nevil Maskelyne] another descendent. --[[User:Jeffersonista|Jordan]] 13:46, 25 January 2007 (PST)

I'm convinced you are right, Jordan. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:17, 29 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 572==

'''smoke back into a cigar''' 
Time's arrow/ entropy motif.

'''hard-as-a-rock black cigar''' 
The quality of a cigar is usually higher with dark, more tightly-wrapped tobacco. Vincenzo has a fine one, it seems.

'''thumping''' 
sound/feeling of a water-bus?

'''''salso''''' 
Longest river in Sicily.Its small deltaic system there is dominated by marine processes rather than fluvial ones. It is a seasonal torrent, with brief but violent floods during the winter rains (from November to February), Is this what riding the salso in and back out again means? Riding the floods from the winter rains?

'''''sandoli''''' 
???

'''trains pulling in''' 
Famous early film.

==Page 573==

'''Cannareggio''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannaregio Cannaregio]

==Page 574==

'''thirty years older''' 
About 65yo?

'''that day''' 
In NYC when Dally showed up.

'''when she was born''' 
Cf Pretenders/Chryssie Hynde.

'''Stronzo''' 
Italian curse word, roughly "asshole"

'''''In bocc' al lupo!''''' 
From the Roman dialect, in which the Italians - including Rocco and Pino - seem to speak. Meaning, literally, "In the
mouth of the wolf," and idiomatically, "Good luck."

Specifically the good-luck wish among actors: "Break a leg!" [[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:36, 2 January 2007 (PST)

'''''campielli''''' 
???

'''impersonation of itself''' 
echoes "the mountains had become geometrical impersonations of themselves", p. 394

==Page 575==

'''Riva''' 
???

'''middy blouses''' 
In the style of a midshipman's blouse (shirt).

'''not yet been rebuilt''' 
Remember p256.

'''''lucciole''''' 
???

'''''fondamenta''''' 
A waterside street in Venice

'''''ombreta''''' 
???

'''light's good here''' 
Old joke about drunk looking for car keys under streetlight though he dropped them somewhere else.

'''inside that labyrinth . . . microcosm of all Venice''' 
A hologram has this property, that a little chip broken off it contains the entire image.

==Page 576==

'''twelve soldi''' 
???

'''franc... ten francs''' 
???

'''Canaletto''' 
Venetian landscape painter, 1697-1768, famous for his paintings of Venice.

As described, Penhallow's pictures are reminiscent, in spirit and in some ways content, of John Singer Sargent's Venetian paintings. Sargent also later painted one of the most haunting images of World War I, "Gassed" [www.bbc.co.uk/.../art/art_frontline_gal_01.shtml], showing a column of men blinded by mustard gas feeling their way to an aid station.

'''Beppo''' 
Allusion to Byron's poem "Beppo - A Venetian Story". Beppo is a husband who's been away for many years and then, returning, reclaims his wife from another man.

Beppo = Mouse, diminutive of Giuseppi. There is also Beppo Levi (born on May 14, 1875 in Turin, Italy, died on August 28, 1961 in Rosario, Argentina) Italian mathematician, director of the Mathematics Institute of the National University of the Littoral from 1939 to 1961. His work included the mathematics of alternative spaces[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beppo_Levi].

'''pitch''' 
???

'''Bauer-Grünwald''' 
An expensive hotel near San Marco in Venice.

==Page 577==

''''Safe'''' 
Recent art-movie title? I think safe here means safe without allusion.

'''neutral hour?''' 
Is any moment in Time apolitical?

'''Castello''' 
Castello is the largest of the six sestieri of Venice. The district grew up from the thirteenth century around a naval dockyard on what was originally the Isole Gemini.

'''Evening Gun''' 
"At reveille the morning gun goes off; and at retreat, the evening". From
a history description. Here is a site with picture.http://www.ziplink.net/~edkreutz/1f.html

'''Dr. Grace''' 
Renowned, full-bearded 19th-century English cricket player.

==Page 578==

'''Dorsoduro''' 
An area of Venice.

'''''pensione''''' 
A cheap Italian hotel, like a bed and breakfast.

'''La Calcina''' 
???

'''''"traces of conciousness"...streaming by''''' 
Possible allusion to Joyce's "stream of conciousness". Ulysses is also set in 1904, the year Joyce met his wife.

'''Zattere''' 
An area of wide waterfront pavements in Venice.

'''''...in hotels, the way your dreams are often, alarmingly, not your own?''''' 
One more possible allusion to Proust, including also the following paragraph. At the beginning of the ''Recherche'', the main character, Marcel, spends a sleepless night in a hotel room, surrounded by memories he can't make sense of.

In ''Lot 49'' Oedipa Maas considers all the dreams and memories stored in the mattresses of transients' hotels, and of the information destroyed when they burned.

'''''cimici''''' 
???

'''bora''' 
a regional wind, blowing each winter.

==Page 579==

'''Tintoretto's ''Abduction...''''' 
See [http://www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3374 here]

'''Accademia''' 
The major art-gallery in Venice

'''Titian''' 
16th century Venetian painter.

'''Infancy Gospel of Thomas''' 
???

==Page 580==

'''Pentecost story in Acts''' 
Pentecost is a Christian holiday commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus' followers and the beginning of the Christian church. Pentecost is celebrated by many (but not all) Christians on the Sunday 50 days after Easter. It often falls in early June. [[Acts II|Read the Biblical passages in Acts II...]]

'''Galilean dialect''' 
Of Aramaic.

'''Yes, well, it's redemption, isn't it, you expect chaos, you get order instead''' 
In the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and the Pentecost, first Jesus, then the Holy Ghost, act as Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon]. In the Infancy Gospel story, Jesus sorts the randomly mixed dye molecules so that each garment comes out one color; in the Pentecost story the Holy Ghost causes a single language, just random noise to all but Galileans, to be heard as the many different languages of the listeners. Taking the two stories together, thermodynamic entropy is reversed, but the entropy of information is increased. This is the crux of ''Lot 49''; here it is another "secular miracle"; order emerges from chaos. The mathemateicians, artists and similar seekers may bring forth a similar miracle, the ability to experience other dimensions, to understand the universe (See Kit's dream, P.566).

'''''rii''''' 
Plural of ''rio''.

==Page 581==

'''''sotopòrteghi''''' 
An open doorway for public access.

'''Bodeo 10.4 mm''' 
A mass-produced Italian-made service revolver, initially made around 1889. Demand for them as guns was low, causing thousands of the weapons to be converted to table lamps. An interesting Pynchonian connection between light, manufacture, weapons, and war.

==Page 582==

'''''foschetta''''' 
???

'''''masègni''''' 
???

'''''patrone''''' 
???

'''wine trains up from Puglia''' 
???

'''Winter''' 
1904-1905?

'''Principessa Spongiatosta''' 
Is Pugnax's book from p6 at all relevant here?

'''Ca'''' 
Abbreviated form of "Casa," Italian for "house."

Which appears to be multidimensional, or at any rate non-Euclidean, reminiscent of Zombini's cabinet.

'''Roman Composite order''' 
???

'''japonica''' 
???

==Page 583==

'''Iron Bridge''' 
???

'''Le Havre''' 
French port city on the Atlantic.

'''''ma via''''' 
???

'''third eyes touching''' 
The third eye, as existing on some reptiles is a dorsal organ that is receptive to light, otherwise known as the ''pineal eye''. Since the two half-sisters are obviously not reptiles, this reference might allude to the figurative third eye, or the eye of the mind, heart or soul. When the two touch foreheads, they are able to peer into each other consciences, by way of these third eyes. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/third+eye /Dictionary Entry]

==Page 584==

'''"Swiss insurance salesman. Wolf. No, Putzi."''' 
Bria's had so many beaux she gets them confused? One was a wolf; the other a putz?

'''''topo''''' 
A topo is a guide for a crag or climbing area.

'''Dogana''' 
???

'''Andrea Tancredi''' 
An artist and acquaintence made by Hunter Penhallow in Venice. His name is likely derived from the Gioacchino Rossini opera ''Tancredi'' or the Voltaire play by the same name. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancredi Wikipedia Entry] 
Tancredi, restored, is a tragedy. the soldier Tancredi and his family have been stripped of their estates and inheritances, and he himself has been banished since his youth. Two more noble families — headed by Argirio and Orbazzano — have been warring for years. Wikipedia.
Tancredi presides in exile...he is mortally wounded at the end after learning the person he thought betrayed the heroine did not.

:Actually, per [[T#tancredi|my entry in the Alpha index]], more likely the name connects with Tancredi, the time-traveling character in ''City of Death'', a four-part serial in the British science fiction television series ''Dr. Who'' which involves time travel and bilocation. Tancredi is the sole survivor of the Jagaroth race, an evil people who destroyed themselves in a war some 400 million years ago. Tancredi explains that a few escaped in a dilapidated spacecraft and found Earth in a primeval, lifeless stage of its development. The ship disintegrated upon takeoff and [[Scaroth]] tells of how he was fractured in time, splinters of his being were scattered across time and space, all identical, none complete. Whereas, in ''City of Death'', Tancredi, one of the Scaroff "splinters" living in Renaissance Italy, is plotting to create multiple Mona Lisa's for fraudulent purposes, ''Against the Day'''s Tancredi is fighting art fraud. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Death Read the synopsis of ''City of Death'']; The name "Andrea" ''could'' be a reference to the protagonist Andrea Marsh, a time-traveler in the 1889 novel, ''Timeless Love'' by Judy Hinson ([[Timeless Love|synopsis]]).

'''Seurat and Signac''' 
George Seurat (1859-1891) and Paul Signac (1863-1935), French painters who developed pointillism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointillism Wikipedia entry].

'''Divisionism''' 
Term invented by Paul Signac to describe the Neo-Impressionist separation of colour into dots or patches applied directly to the canvas. From Grove Dictionary of Art.

'''Marinetti''' 
The Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti was the first among [the Futurists] to produce a manifesto of their artistic philosophy in his Manifesto of Futurism (1909)(see below).

'''"Futurists"''' 
Practitioners or followers of Futurism, an early 20th century art movement that is considered the genesis of Cubism, Dada and Art Deco. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism_%28art%29 Wikipedia entry].Marinetti summed up the major principles of the Futurists, including a passionate loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions. He and others also espoused a love of speed, technology and violence. The car, the plane, the industrial town were all legendary for the Futurists, because they represented the technological triumph of man over nature.

'''brutalism''' 
See above and The Futurists were often condemned as fascistic in their manifestos and outlook.

'''Torcello''' 
A lonely Venetian island: very peaceful and beautiful with a church and little else.

'''primitivo''' 
???

==Page 585==

'''green-and-lavender''' 
Another clashing color scheme.

'''sirocco''' 
A hot dust-laden wind from the Libyan deserts that blows on the northern Mediterranean coast chiefly in Italy, Malta, and Sicily.

'''San Michele''' 
San Michele, nicknamed The Island of the Dead, is the cemetery island of Venice. It is associated with the sestiere of Cannaregio from which it lies a short distance north east.
Walls of San Michele.Along with neighbouring San Cristoforo della Pace, the island was a popular place for local travellers and fishermen to land. Mauro Codussi's Chiesa di San Michele in Isola of 1469, the first Renaissance church in Venice, and a monastery lie on the island.

'''futuristic vehicle''' 
P155. Of course, the machine-inspired Futurists would remind Hunter of this vehicle that 'had borne him to safety'!

'''''Preliminary Studies...''''' 
Artists often do 'preliminary studies'..'infernal machine' comes out of Futurism's ideas.

==Page 586==

'''Always with us.''' 
Gospel of Matthew. "The poor you will always have with you". Here reference is to born-again Christers.

'''''vero?''''' 
True, genuine,real? Dally asks.

'''orpiment yellow''' 
A yellow color pigment ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpiment Wikipedia])

'''Nürnberg violet''' 
An artificial color pigment discovered in 1868 in the city of Nuremberg

==Page 587==

'''I really love the old dump''' 
For the same reason Dally does: Venice has what Pynchon called (in ''V.'') "Temporal Bandwidth": a life in a depth of time, a simultaneous humane immesion in past, present and future. The canals of industrialized Belgium are silted up, the connections to its Hanse past lost, paved and tracked over. This has not, and cannot, happen to Venice; even a Futurist painter cannot carry out the appaling modernization he describes. Venice is a place to hide from the future; indeed, in terms of physical destruction, the world wars barely touched La Serenisima.

'''''nebbia, nebbietta, foschia, caligo, sfumato''''' 
Varieties of fog.

'''speed of sound''' 
Air temperature is more important that density.

'''''La Velocità del Suono''''' 
Italian, "speed of sound"

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 525-556

2007-01-30T11:26:02Z

Tommaso: /* Page 541 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 525==

'''Ostend''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 521|page 521]], a seaport in northwest Belgium. For more and pictures [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostend Ostend].

'''Fishermen's Quai''' 
Fishermen's Quay, also called De Trap. The shrimp boats come home here from the sea in the morning. Along the quay many stands sell lots of seafoods.

'''Boulevard van Isenghem''' 
???

'''street-plausible''' 
Presentable.

'''Quai de l'empereur''' 
???

'''estaminet''' 
According to the OED - A café in which smoking is allowed. Now, any small establishment selling alcoholic liquor.

'''twelve-centime''' 
one centime is the French eqivalent of one cent. A twelve-centime beer would cost 12/100 of a franc

'''Kellner''' 
German: waiter, barman. Use of the German word would be insulting to the Belgian barman.

'''''demi''''' 
Half glass.

'''Lambic''' 
Pron. ''lahm-BEEK.'' Unique Belgian beer style, sour and often thin in body.

'''skimmer''' 
Straw hat ("Panama").

==Page 526==

'''biquaternion''' 
Double quaternion.

'''Barry Nebulay''' 
Pun on a term from heraldry, ''barry nebuly.'' Barry (rhymes with "starry," not "carry") refers to a shield divided into an even number of parts by horizontal lines. Nebuly signals that the lines are deformed into stylized "cloud" shapes. [http://www.rarebooks.nd.edu/digital/heraldry/partitions.html Here you can see an example.] If a British author had a character with a heraldic name, it would suggest a pseudonym.

'''University of Dublin''' 
The Alma Mater of Hamilton, the father of Quaternion. He studied, graduated and taught at Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Irland's oldest university.

If University College, Dublin, then Joyce had graduated in 1902.

'''Tasmania''' 
Tasmania is an island of the southern coast of Australia. Known for its relative isolation, it was a prison for English convicts in the 1800s

'''Hamiltonian devotees''' 
The Quaternion faction, after William Hamilton, who devised the scheme.

'''Grand Hôtel de la Nouvelle Digue''' 
There is a Hotel Digue in the Seychelles; this is a New Hotel Digue by Pynchon?

'''anterooms of death''' 
This metaphor is sometimes applied to concentration camps. Here the lyric "feel like I'm fixin' to die" seems more apposite.

'''Belgian Art Nouveau''' 
???

==Page 527==

'''dossing''' 
British slang for "sleeping", "staying overnight"

'''Russian nihilists''' 

'''Eugénie, Fatou''' 
Females.

'''Denis, and Policarpe''' 
Males.

'''Young Congo''' 
Probably in reference to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Turks Young Turks], a Turkish revolutionary movement

'''Garde Civique''' 
A part of the Belgian army. According to the [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Belgium 1911 Britannica], "the mass of the garde civique does not pretend to possess military value. It is a defence against sedition and socialism."

'''French Second Bureau boys''' 
Deuxieme Bureau; French Intelligence.

'''''phalange''''' 
French: phalanx. A military (here mock-military) group ready for combat.

'''"...until something had happened, something too terrible to remember..."''' 
Again this theme of an unknowable past transgression, here invoked almost as if the unknown signifies the other 'lateral' (a word which has cropped up at least a dozen times already) 'vector'.

'''the Digue''' 
French for "dyke"

'''Congo... Belgians''' 
The Belgian colonisation of the Congo was, as Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" makes clear, notable for its greed and brutality.

'''Leopold, King of the Belgians''' 
1835-1909, reigned 1865-1909. In the Congo he acted as sole proprietor and absolute ruler.

'''co-conscious''' 
???

'''Force Publique''' 
Belgian armed forces operating in the Belgian Congo ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_Publique Wikipedia])

'''rubber worker''' 
See above: One of the early missions of the FP was to increase rubber export quotas through forced labor and related atrocities.

==Page 528==

'''''khâgne''''' 
preparatory class before entering studies proper. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A2gne wikipedia]

'''Reclus''' 
???

'''Stirnerite''' 
Follower of Max Stirner, 19th century German philosopher and author of ''The Ego and Its Own,'' a work influential in anarchist thought. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Stirner Wikipedia entry]. 

Max Stirner (1806--56) attacked on systematic philosophy. His denial of absolutes, and his rejection of abstract concepts of any kind placed him among the first philosophical nihilists. For Stirner, achieving individual freedom was the only law; and the state, which necessarily imperiled freedom, must be destroyed. Even beyond the oppression of the state were the constraints imposed by others because their very existence was an obstacle compromising individual freedom. Thus Stirner argued that existence was an endless "war of each agains all" (1844).

'''''Anarcho-individualiste''''' 
i.e. he has doctrinal differernces with Stirnerism, strictly speaking; see P. 324 and "Eigenheit".

'''Leopold''' 
See p. 527.

'''going down lately''' 
Being assassaniated.

'''Sipido''' 
Jean-Baptiste Victor Sipido (1884-1959), a Belgian socialist. On
April 5, 1900, he attempted to assassinate the Prince of Wales at the Northern Railway Station (Gare du Nord) in Brussels because of his believing that thousands were killed by the British during the Boer War in South Africa. The fifteen-year old leaped onto the foot board of the royal compartment right before the train left the station and fired two shots through the window but missed everyone inside. He wes arrested, tried but acquitted.

'''Prince... of Wales''' 
(Maud Gonne's husband claimed to have been involved in another such plot.)

'''Royal Bathing Hut... twenty francs''' 
???

'''twenty francs''' 
???

==Page 529==

'''picric family''' 
The explosive picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and its derivatives. For picric acid, Brugère's powder and Designolle's powder, [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/PER_PIG/PICRIC_ACID_or_TRINITROPHENOL_C.html see this Britannica article.]

'''Brugère's powder''' 
See "picric family" above.

'''Designolle's''' 
See "picric family" above.

'''Monsieur Santos-Dumont''' 
Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873-1932), a pioneer of aviation from Brasil. Check out [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Santos-Dumont Wikipedia] to get a look at the way he was wearing his "trademark Panama hat".

'''Green Hour''' and '''''l'heure vertigineuse''''' 
Absinthe-drinking time. The liqueur is green. In French, ''l'heure verte,'' so ''vertigineuse'' (vertiginous, causing dizziness) is a pun on the word for "green."

'''Rocco and Pino''' 
Rabid Quaternionists and sudden friends of Kit Traverse.

:No, they are not Quaternionists, but "Italian naval renegades".

'''Whitehead works in Fiume''' 
Anticipating GR's V2 works.

Fiume is now Rijeka, Croatia. Trieste is on the northern shore of the Istra Peninsula, Rijeka on the southern shore.

'''''Alberta''''' 
???

'''Siluro Dirigible a Lenta Corsa''' 
or S.L.C. "slow course torpedo", "slow-running torpedo". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manned_torpedo Wikipedia] Italy‘s Navy was among the first to experiment with manned torpedos. Though according to [http://web.ukonline.co.uk/chalcraft/sm/chariots.html this site] this did not happen until 1935, Italian frogmen as early as October 31, 1918 made it into the harbour of Pula with the help of a modified german torpedo and sank the former Austrian but by then since a few hours Croatian/Slovenian/Bosnian battleship SMS ''Viribus Unitis''. [http://www.geocities.com/tegetthoff66/viribus.html website]

Italian ''dirigibile'' means "steerable." The word suggests the torpedo is a counterpart of the dirigible ''Inconvenience.''

==Page 530==

'''exfiltrate''' 
Make a surreptitious escape (as "infiltrate" means to make a surreptitious entrance).

'''''Macchè''''' 
???

'''''Ehi, stugazz', categoria''''' 
???

'''''mezzogiornismo''''' 
Denigrating the Italian South

==Page 531==

'''Bruges''' 
An exceptionally beautiful Belgian town of canals which is thus one of several towns known as the 'Venice of the north'.

'''Raoul's Atelier de la Vitesse''' 
French: Ralph's Speed Shop.

'''Ghent''' 
Belgian city on the rail line about halfway between Ostend and Brussels.

'''Daimler six-cylinder''' 
???

'''a hundred horsepower''' 
???

'''''guaglion''''' 
???

'''Umeki Tsurigane''' 
Umeki is typically made with some combination of the various kanji for "plum" (ume) and "tree" (ki), though one has the ki being the character for "ghost/devil" and one obscure reading that's entirely redundant, where ume is "plant" (usually read ue). There is one where ume is the kanji for "buried or embedded". Tsurigane, means a "temple bell", which can stand alone or be followed by the grass kanji to mean "bellflower" (lots of botanical stuff happening here, if that means anything; hardly the only example in ''AtD''). Given the search for Shambhala going on, "Buried Temple Bell" seems a likely translation, at least at this point; the botanical meanings could perhaps emerge later.

'''Professor Knott''' 
???

==Page 532==

'''drover's sombrero''' 
Cowboy hat.

'''furoshiki''' 
??? 
Japanese all-purpose cloth. Can be worn, used as wrapping, or used as a bag.

'''taupe''' 
A brownish gray.

'''boilermakers and their helpers''' 
A shot of straight scotch followed by a beer chaser, plus other drinks.

'''''Comptes rendus''''' 
Les Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences Francais.

==Page 533==

'''aniline teal''' 
The wallpaper dye; aniline dyes were the products of I.G. Farben, significant in ''GR''.

'''Heavisiders''' 
Oliver Heaviside (May 18, 1850 – February 3, 1925) was a self-taught English electrical engineer, mathematician and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, developed techniques for applying Laplace transforms to the solution of differential equations, reformulated Maxwell's field equations in terms of electric and magnetic forces and energy flux, and independently co-formulated vector analysis. Although at odds with the scientific establishment for most of his life, Heaviside changed the face of mathematics and science for years to come.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaviside].

'''Grassmanniacs''' 
Nineteenth century German mathematician and linguist, essentially the inventor/discoverer of vector space. Grassmann showed that once geometry is put into the algebraic form he advocated, then the number three has no privileged role as the number of spatial dimensions; the number of possible dimensions is in fact unbounded.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Grassmann].

'''in the mood for a clambake''' 
Anachronistic Broadway show tune? If so, the clambake in ''Carousel'' turns into a brawl; the assmebled factions of mathematicians could be in the mood for either a party or a brawl, apparently.

'''Monopole de la Maison''' 
???

'''Idiom Neutral''' 
An invented language, like Esperanto. Idiom Neutral dictionaries first appeard in 1902. It looks like a simplified Latinate language and it grew out of Volapuk, another "auxiliary language." It was abandoned by the ''Akademi Internasional de Lingu Universal'' in 1908.

For a list of all the invented languages that linguists are keeping track of, including Klingon, try [http://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/GetListOfConstructedLgs.html Eastern Michigan's Linguist List]. And don't forget to click on the link to "Browse sites devoted to constructed languages."

'''phatic''' 
Basically, small talk or chatter. Words used to convey fellow-feeling rather than to impart information.

'''''Kampf ums Dasein''''' 
German: struggle for existence.

'''Q-brother''' 
"My fellow Quaternion"?

==Page 534==

'''Poiret gown''' 
???

'''''green and long''''' 
Pickle, or... what?

==Page 535==

'''no-name wine''' 
1970s idiom for common European practice?

'''Hamilton... first love''' 
???

==Page 536==

'''Oscar Wilde''' 
Note that Wilde's Dorian Gray also undergoes a kind of bilocation.

'''Kursaal''' 
Spa.

'''Curls''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326]]. In vector calculus, a curl is a vector operator that shows a vector field's rate of rotation.

'''Laplacians''' 
Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (March 23, 1749 – March 5, 1827); French mathematician and astronomer who summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five volume Mécanique Céleste (Celestial Mechanics) (1799-1825), translating the geometrical study of mechanics used by Isaac Newton to one based on calculus, known as physical mechanics.

He is also the discoverer of Laplace's equation. Although the Laplace transform is named in honor of Laplace, who used the transform in his work on probability theory, the transform was discovered originally by Leonhard Euler. The Laplace transform appears in all branches of mathematical physics — a field he took a leading role in forming. The Laplacian differential operator, much relied-upon in applied mathematics, is likewise named after him. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace].

:Laplacian is a differential operator named after Laplace. Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326]]. Pynchon here talked about not the person but the mathematical operations such as rotation, partial differentials, curls and ''Laplacians''!

'''scream''' 
Scream motif.

'''beginning to appal''' 
By 1905 there had been years of outrage at conditions in the Belgian Congo, King Leopold's private fief. Conrad's ''Heart of Darkness'' had been published as a serial in Backwood's Magazine in 1899 and as a book in 1902. There were missionaries' accounts of the brutality, and newspaper reports. Leopold and his apologists published rebuttals. The Norton Critical Edition of ''Heart of Darkness'' contains an extensive collection of both.

'''baize''' 
Baize is a course woolen felt.

==Page 537==

'''broken symmetries''' 
???

'''''sphinxe Khnopffienne''''' 
refers to the Belgian symbolist painter Fernand Khnopff (1858-1921), famous for his painting "The Caress", in which a female sphinx erotically lures a young man. The painting can be seen in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Khnopff wikipedia entry]

'''Pléiade Lafrisée''' 
???

'''''Conseilleuse''''' 
Female consultant?

==Page 538==

'''retroversion matrix''' 
???

'''''Ma foi''''' 
Literally "My faith", i.e. "By my faith!", a mild exclamation of incredulity.

'''ten thousand francs''' 
???

'''piker''' 
Someone cheap or cautious, possibly named after people from PIke County, Missouri, who came to California in the 1800s, looking for work. They were poor, hence cheap.

''''Mad Dog'''' 
???

'''Hegel... puns''' 
???

==Page 539==

'''vector quotient''' 
???

''''Triangle Asana'''' 
A basic yoga pose.

[http://yoga.org.nz/postures/yoga_positions_images_page.htm Here are images of several basic poses.]

''''Quadrantal Versor Asana'''' 
A triangle pose taken that extra dimension.

'''''"Uwe moer!"''''' 
???

'''noncommutative''' 
A term typical to mathematics. A commutative equation is one that can operate in exact reverse and still yield the same results. 'Noncommutative' then suggests unidirectionality. The ability to go from point A to point B, but not from B to A.

'''reticule''' 
A woman's drawstring handbag; usually made of net or beading or brocade; also: A system of lines forming a pattern of squares at the focal plane of a telescope, used in micrometers.
[www.astunit.com/tutorials/glossary.htm]

'''Vacheron & Constantin watch''' 
???

'''hunting-case''' 
???

==Page 540==

'''"haar rekening, ja?"''' 
The bill, yes? (Dutch)?

''Her'' bill, yes? I.e., give the check to the lady.

Given the presence of Chris 'Kit' Traverse here, this very much suggests a reference to Christopher 'Kit' Marlowe, Elizabethan poet, playwright and contemporary of Shakespeare. Marlowe was stabbed to death in 1593, in murky circumstances, ostensibly over a bill or 'reckoning', though he was widely believed to have been involved in some form of espionage.

'''Piet Woevre''' 
Pete Weaver?

'''made him reach''' 
Possible allusion to a famous line, "When I hear the word culture I reach for my gun." From Hanns Johst's biographical play ''Schlageter''. The original line is slightly different: "Wenn ich Kultur höre ... entsichere ich meinen Browning," "Whenever I hear of culture... I release the safety-catch of my Browning!" (Act 1, Scene 1). It is spoken by another character in conversation with the young Schlageter. In the scene Schlageter and his wartime comrade Friedrich Thiemann are studying for a college examination, but then start disputing whether it's worthwhile doing so when the nation is not free.

The line is often misattributed to better-known Nazis and others [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanns_Johst].

'''not unambiguous''' 
Ie, ambiguous.

'''''rastaquoueres''''' 
french for "social intruders, upstarts".

'''de Decker''' 
In Dutch/Flemish, the name means "roofer." (''De'' in these names almost never means "of, from" as in French; it's nearly always the definite article.)

==Page 541==

'''''bobbejaan''''' 
???

'''MKIV/ODC... Mark Four''' 
???

'''your remit''' 
???

'''''gatkruiper''''' 
Dutch/Flemish: brownnose, ass-kisser.

'''one on her wrist''' 
did they play some bondage games?

'''over the day''' 
Title motif?

==Page 542==

'''trans-horizontic''' 
???

'''Edmund Whittaker''' 
The Sir Edmund Whittaker Memorial Prize is awarded every four years by the Edinburgh Mathematical Society to an outstanding young mathematician having a specified connection with Scotland [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Whittaker_Memorial_Prize].

'''foaming louche''' 
???

'''cheval-glass''' 
Standing mirror in a freestanding vertical frame.

'''as if someone''' 
Sound-cancelling vs opacity-cancelling?

==Page 543==

'''monitory''' 
Admonitory.

'''He Who Must Come''' 
???

'''General Boulanger''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Boulanger Georges Boulanger], French War Minister urging an attack on Germany

'''what death and what transfiguration''' 
Allusion to Richard Strauss' tone poem "Death and Transfiguration" (''Tod und Verklärung''), premiered in 1890.

'''''"Zeker"''''' 
Dutch, "certainly"

'''''dead cert''''' 
Dead certainty, sure thing.

'''Von Schlieffen''' 
Alfred von Schlieffen was the author of a German war plan to win a two-front war against both France and Russia by quickly defeating France before Russian troops could be mobilized. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_Plan Schlieffen Plan] included an attack on France through Belgium, disregarding its neutrality.

'''Wilhelm has offered Leopold part of France, the ancient Duchy of Burgundy''' 
[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr-bg.html History of the duchy.] [http://www.freiburg-madison.de/freiburg_history/1386-1517_The%20Early%20Habsburgs.htm Map,] with portrait of Duke Charles the Rash.

'''lowlands''' 
Title of Pynchon's first published story. Here, ass?

==Page 544==

'''Place d'Armes''' 
Main square of Ostend; literally "drill field".

'''peau de soie''' 
"Skin of silk" A heavy, smooth satin with very fine ribbing; somewhat dull in sheen compared with traditional silk finishes.

'''Krafft-Ebing''' 
Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing, Austro-German psychiatrist and author of ''Psychopathia Sexualis'' (1886), a pioneering study of deviant sexual behavior and fetishism. Coined both ''sadism'' and ''masochism'' as terms for these respective behaviors. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Freiherr_von_Krafft-Ebing Wikipedia entry].

'''toque''' 
A chef's hat

'''guipure''' 
???

'''midinette''' 
???

'''sous''' 
??? 
coins. Originally Roman gold coins, latterly any kind of coin.

'''mayonnaise''' 
Brautigan's "Trout Fishing in America" famously ends with the word mayonnaise. [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0395500761&id=rbEjDovfyNMC&pg=RA2-PA111&lpg=RA2-PA111&ots=ELKl5b_6Tx&dq=mayonnaise+trout.fishing&num=100&sig=BiyXRqJXRGrMWbrBNgn8de2kpCo#PRA2-PA112,M1 GoogleBooks]

'''ovoöleaginous''' 
Another Pynchonic word combination, here denoting the two main ingredients of mayonnaise: 1) eggs, and 2) oil. It's not "fecoventilatory collision" as seen in "Vineland," but it's nice.

'''Grenache''' 
??? 
Grape commonly used in Rhone Valley wines e.g. Chateauneuf du Pape.

'''Chantilly''' 
??? 
Region north of Paris.

'''attainder''' 
Legislative act declaring that a person is guilty of a crime and setting punishment without the benefit of a formal trial. The Constitution forbids the federal government (Article I, Section 9, clause 3) and the state governments (Article I, Section 10, clause 1) from passing bills of attainder.
[www.historycentral.com/Civics/B.html]

''''''Aux armes, citoyens'''''' 
Not "Le Marseillaise," you nitwit!

'''Louis XV''' 
King of France 1715-1774 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XV].

'''Cléo de Mérode''' 
Glamorous French ballerina, later Follies Bergere dancer and famous beauty. Her reputed intimacy with King Leopold was only a rumor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleo_de_Merode].

'''marquise de Pompadour''' 
Mistress of Louis XV,once friend of Voltaire and a power behind official scenes.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour].

==Page 545==

'''dubious 'victory' in 1756''' 
???

'''the ill-fated Admiral Byng''' 
John Byng, convicted by court-martial of failure "to do his utmost" in the battle, shot in 1757. Remembered because of (1) his being the last officer of flag rank to be put to death for conduct in battle and (2) Voltaire's gag in ''Candide:'' "In this country it is good to kill an admiral from time to time in order to encourage the others."

'''cantharides''' 
"Spanish fly," contact irritant sometimes ill-advisedly used as aphrodisiac.

'''Sadean''' 
Pertaining to the Marquis de Sade. The acts the chef performs on the egg and oil have the same names as acts of Sadean sex.

'''vetiver''' 
A grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) of tropical India, cultivated for its aromatic roots that yield an oil used in perfumery.
[www.answers.com/topic/vetiver]. So, a perfume with, llterallly, roots in India.

'''pip''' 
A beaut; in current parlance, a hottie.

'''Q.P. system''' 
Quaternion Probability, p?.

'''Usine Régionale''' 
French: as translated in the text.

==Page 546==

'''disjunctive effects of thunderstorms''' 
Folk wisdom says a thunderstorm will cause mayonnaise to separate (oil from yolks).

'''lounge suit''' 
???

'''congress shoes''' 
???

'''dripping-heads''' 
???

'''''cuves d'agitation''''' 
???

'''Clinique d'Urgence pour Sauvetage des Sauces''' 
French: Emergency Clinic for Salvage of Sauces.

==Page 547==

'''''Cazzo, cretino''''' 
Literally, "Dick, cretin." ''Cazzo'' is a common Italian interjectionary obscenity, especially in the south. "Cazzo, cretino," is akin to someone saying, "Well shit, dummy," or "F-ing moron!"

'''''È il cowboy!''''' 
Italian: It's the cowboy!

'''''Le bambole anarchiste, porca miseria''''' 
Italian: Anarchist babes, oh boy.

'''Oudenberg''' 
???

'''Quai de l'Entrepôt''' 
???

'''''ragazzi''''' 
Italian: boys, guys.

==Page 548==

'''''timbres fictifs''''' 
French: fictive postage stamps. Cf "Lot 49".

'''"IIIb"''' 
As explained in the text

'''Germany might stand a better chance...''' 
That is, if the French were to push into Alsace (per Boulanger) as the Germans executed the Schlieffen Plan [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_plan] for the encirclement of Paris, it would put the French at an even greater disadvantage...as actually happened in 1914. Had the Belgians and British not delayed the Germans in Flanders, and had the French railroads not performed speedily to bring the French troops back to the Marne, World War I could have had a very different outcome...an alternate history.

'''revanchist''' 
Policies based on revenge, or a person following such policies. In General Boulanger's case, revenge against Germany for the Franco-Prussian War (that is, retaking Alsace, lost in 1871).

'''the somewhat discomposed General''' 
Having died in 1891, the General by the time of the action is certainly somewhat '''de'''composed; brief biographies do not suggest he was ''non compos mentis,'' that is, mentally discomposed.

==Page 549==

'''cackled Darby''' 
(When did he lose his innocence?)

'''a modification of any salsician metaphor toward the diminutive''' 
Salsician: pertaining to sausage. Lindsay says Suckling's penis is better compared to a wiener than a knockwurst.

'''"Why you little–and I do mean 'little'–"''' 
Another Simpsons reference?

'''dunes between Nieuport and Dunkirk''' 
???

'''power-receivers''' 
Not information, energy.

==Page 550==

'''Italian grotto''' 
???

'''a highly developed taste, moreover, for human blood''' 
Since Pugnax developed this taste in the Carpathians, home of Castle Dracula, this seems a clear reference to Bram Stoker's novel.

'''Carpathians''' 
Major mountain range running northwest-southeast through Poland, Slovakia, western Ukraine and Romania.

'''Uhlans''' 
Uhlan regiments belonged to the light cavalry. They wore splendid uniforms (model for some U.S. marching band uniforms). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhlan Wikipedia article.]

'''Temesvár''' 
Now Timişoara, extreme western Romania.

==Page 551==

'''...separated by only a slice of Time...''' 
Miles is beginning to experience Time almost as a spatial dimension, his personal vector as traversing (!) 4-dimensional space, or perhaps multidimensional space, the mathematics for which is being debated in Ostend.

'''securing the mess decks''' 
The Chums follow U.S. Navy idiom in orders (frequently prefixed with "Now") and shipboard activities ("secure" meaning "whatever you did before, undo it now," in this case put away the dishes and fold up the tables).

'''Ryder Thorn''' 
Tolkienesque name?

'''He was at Candlebrow.''' 
Presumably a 'trespasser.'

'''the four-note chord in the context of timelessness''' 
A melody is formed by notes following one another in time; a chord on the ukulele violates that practice by having all the notes sound at once. A really clever little passage.

==Page 552==

'''knuckle-duster''' 
Brass knuckles.

'''Diksmuide''' 
20 kilometers south of Ostend (about halfway to Ypres).

==Page 553==

'''The terrain was flat...lowlands''' 
Not, this time, a reference to Pynchon's ''Lowlands'', but to the two-dimensionality of Flanders, as in Edwin A. Abbott's ''Flatland'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatland]; most humans, like the inhabitants of Flanders and Abbott's Flatlanders, experience life in two dimensions.

'''Somewhere up in the sky was Miles' home...''' 
Whereas Miles and the Chums of Chance, in contrast, live in three dimensions. The mathematicians gathered in Ostend are trying to calculate how to experience and use vectors to live in four dimensions; in a way, to experience Time as a kind of spatial dimension. Miles, on P. 551, is demonstrating the beginnings of an intuitive discovery of how to experience Time as an almost spatial dimension. Which would be a sort of "time travel", or at least an expanded view of life and history.

'''retted''' 
???

==Page 554==

'''Ypres and Menin''' 
Municipalities in West Flanders that were sites of some of the bloodiest battles of WWI. At the beginning of the war, the British and Belgian stand helped save Paris from encirclement by the Germans, and saved the Channel ports, but as Thorn points out, the area became the western anchor of the Western Front trench system. The several Battles of Ypres saw the first uses of poison gas (Mustard Gas, dichlorodiethylsulfide, was first called Yperite), the use of enormous mines, and the legendary mud of Passchendaele [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passchendaele].

'''Ten years from now''' 
(1914?) through 1918? and beyond?. Another paramorphic mirror--what do we now face. Whatever it is, it is nuclear.

'''Bosch''' 
Hieronymous Bosch (1450-1516), Dutch painter of nightmares. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronymus_Bosch Wikipedia entry].

'''Brueghel''' 
Pieter Brueghel the Elder(1525-1569), Flemish painter.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Brueghel_the_Elder Wikipedia entry].

'''League''' 
League of Nations? The League of Nations was formed after WWI to prevent future wars. Didn't succeed.

'''where the needles went and which way to rotate them''' 
I.e., how to push Thorn's buttons; the image is from acupuncture.

==Page 555==

'''simpletons at the fair''' 
Making Pynchon's metaphor explicit.

'''Chopin E-minor Nocturne''' 
???

'''owl-light''' 
???

''''plasmic hysteresis'''' 
???

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 525-556

2007-01-30T11:23:50Z

Tommaso: /* Page 540 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 525==

'''Ostend''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 521|page 521]], a seaport in northwest Belgium. For more and pictures [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostend Ostend].

'''Fishermen's Quai''' 
Fishermen's Quay, also called De Trap. The shrimp boats come home here from the sea in the morning. Along the quay many stands sell lots of seafoods.

'''Boulevard van Isenghem''' 
???

'''street-plausible''' 
Presentable.

'''Quai de l'empereur''' 
???

'''estaminet''' 
According to the OED - A café in which smoking is allowed. Now, any small establishment selling alcoholic liquor.

'''twelve-centime''' 
one centime is the French eqivalent of one cent. A twelve-centime beer would cost 12/100 of a franc

'''Kellner''' 
German: waiter, barman. Use of the German word would be insulting to the Belgian barman.

'''''demi''''' 
Half glass.

'''Lambic''' 
Pron. ''lahm-BEEK.'' Unique Belgian beer style, sour and often thin in body.

'''skimmer''' 
Straw hat ("Panama").

==Page 526==

'''biquaternion''' 
Double quaternion.

'''Barry Nebulay''' 
Pun on a term from heraldry, ''barry nebuly.'' Barry (rhymes with "starry," not "carry") refers to a shield divided into an even number of parts by horizontal lines. Nebuly signals that the lines are deformed into stylized "cloud" shapes. [http://www.rarebooks.nd.edu/digital/heraldry/partitions.html Here you can see an example.] If a British author had a character with a heraldic name, it would suggest a pseudonym.

'''University of Dublin''' 
The Alma Mater of Hamilton, the father of Quaternion. He studied, graduated and taught at Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Irland's oldest university.

If University College, Dublin, then Joyce had graduated in 1902.

'''Tasmania''' 
Tasmania is an island of the southern coast of Australia. Known for its relative isolation, it was a prison for English convicts in the 1800s

'''Hamiltonian devotees''' 
The Quaternion faction, after William Hamilton, who devised the scheme.

'''Grand Hôtel de la Nouvelle Digue''' 
There is a Hotel Digue in the Seychelles; this is a New Hotel Digue by Pynchon?

'''anterooms of death''' 
This metaphor is sometimes applied to concentration camps. Here the lyric "feel like I'm fixin' to die" seems more apposite.

'''Belgian Art Nouveau''' 
???

==Page 527==

'''dossing''' 
British slang for "sleeping", "staying overnight"

'''Russian nihilists''' 

'''Eugénie, Fatou''' 
Females.

'''Denis, and Policarpe''' 
Males.

'''Young Congo''' 
Probably in reference to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Turks Young Turks], a Turkish revolutionary movement

'''Garde Civique''' 
A part of the Belgian army. According to the [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Belgium 1911 Britannica], "the mass of the garde civique does not pretend to possess military value. It is a defence against sedition and socialism."

'''French Second Bureau boys''' 
Deuxieme Bureau; French Intelligence.

'''''phalange''''' 
French: phalanx. A military (here mock-military) group ready for combat.

'''"...until something had happened, something too terrible to remember..."''' 
Again this theme of an unknowable past transgression, here invoked almost as if the unknown signifies the other 'lateral' (a word which has cropped up at least a dozen times already) 'vector'.

'''the Digue''' 
French for "dyke"

'''Congo... Belgians''' 
The Belgian colonisation of the Congo was, as Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" makes clear, notable for its greed and brutality.

'''Leopold, King of the Belgians''' 
1835-1909, reigned 1865-1909. In the Congo he acted as sole proprietor and absolute ruler.

'''co-conscious''' 
???

'''Force Publique''' 
Belgian armed forces operating in the Belgian Congo ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_Publique Wikipedia])

'''rubber worker''' 
See above: One of the early missions of the FP was to increase rubber export quotas through forced labor and related atrocities.

==Page 528==

'''''khâgne''''' 
preparatory class before entering studies proper. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A2gne wikipedia]

'''Reclus''' 
???

'''Stirnerite''' 
Follower of Max Stirner, 19th century German philosopher and author of ''The Ego and Its Own,'' a work influential in anarchist thought. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Stirner Wikipedia entry]. 

Max Stirner (1806--56) attacked on systematic philosophy. His denial of absolutes, and his rejection of abstract concepts of any kind placed him among the first philosophical nihilists. For Stirner, achieving individual freedom was the only law; and the state, which necessarily imperiled freedom, must be destroyed. Even beyond the oppression of the state were the constraints imposed by others because their very existence was an obstacle compromising individual freedom. Thus Stirner argued that existence was an endless "war of each agains all" (1844).

'''''Anarcho-individualiste''''' 
i.e. he has doctrinal differernces with Stirnerism, strictly speaking; see P. 324 and "Eigenheit".

'''Leopold''' 
See p. 527.

'''going down lately''' 
Being assassaniated.

'''Sipido''' 
Jean-Baptiste Victor Sipido (1884-1959), a Belgian socialist. On
April 5, 1900, he attempted to assassinate the Prince of Wales at the Northern Railway Station (Gare du Nord) in Brussels because of his believing that thousands were killed by the British during the Boer War in South Africa. The fifteen-year old leaped onto the foot board of the royal compartment right before the train left the station and fired two shots through the window but missed everyone inside. He wes arrested, tried but acquitted.

'''Prince... of Wales''' 
(Maud Gonne's husband claimed to have been involved in another such plot.)

'''Royal Bathing Hut... twenty francs''' 
???

'''twenty francs''' 
???

==Page 529==

'''picric family''' 
The explosive picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and its derivatives. For picric acid, Brugère's powder and Designolle's powder, [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/PER_PIG/PICRIC_ACID_or_TRINITROPHENOL_C.html see this Britannica article.]

'''Brugère's powder''' 
See "picric family" above.

'''Designolle's''' 
See "picric family" above.

'''Monsieur Santos-Dumont''' 
Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873-1932), a pioneer of aviation from Brasil. Check out [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Santos-Dumont Wikipedia] to get a look at the way he was wearing his "trademark Panama hat".

'''Green Hour''' and '''''l'heure vertigineuse''''' 
Absinthe-drinking time. The liqueur is green. In French, ''l'heure verte,'' so ''vertigineuse'' (vertiginous, causing dizziness) is a pun on the word for "green."

'''Rocco and Pino''' 
Rabid Quaternionists and sudden friends of Kit Traverse.

:No, they are not Quaternionists, but "Italian naval renegades".

'''Whitehead works in Fiume''' 
Anticipating GR's V2 works.

Fiume is now Rijeka, Croatia. Trieste is on the northern shore of the Istra Peninsula, Rijeka on the southern shore.

'''''Alberta''''' 
???

'''Siluro Dirigible a Lenta Corsa''' 
or S.L.C. "slow course torpedo", "slow-running torpedo". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manned_torpedo Wikipedia] Italy‘s Navy was among the first to experiment with manned torpedos. Though according to [http://web.ukonline.co.uk/chalcraft/sm/chariots.html this site] this did not happen until 1935, Italian frogmen as early as October 31, 1918 made it into the harbour of Pula with the help of a modified german torpedo and sank the former Austrian but by then since a few hours Croatian/Slovenian/Bosnian battleship SMS ''Viribus Unitis''. [http://www.geocities.com/tegetthoff66/viribus.html website]

Italian ''dirigibile'' means "steerable." The word suggests the torpedo is a counterpart of the dirigible ''Inconvenience.''

==Page 530==

'''exfiltrate''' 
Make a surreptitious escape (as "infiltrate" means to make a surreptitious entrance).

'''''Macchè''''' 
???

'''''Ehi, stugazz', categoria''''' 
???

'''''mezzogiornismo''''' 
Denigrating the Italian South

==Page 531==

'''Bruges''' 
An exceptionally beautiful Belgian town of canals which is thus one of several towns known as the 'Venice of the north'.

'''Raoul's Atelier de la Vitesse''' 
French: Ralph's Speed Shop.

'''Ghent''' 
Belgian city on the rail line about halfway between Ostend and Brussels.

'''Daimler six-cylinder''' 
???

'''a hundred horsepower''' 
???

'''''guaglion''''' 
???

'''Umeki Tsurigane''' 
Umeki is typically made with some combination of the various kanji for "plum" (ume) and "tree" (ki), though one has the ki being the character for "ghost/devil" and one obscure reading that's entirely redundant, where ume is "plant" (usually read ue). There is one where ume is the kanji for "buried or embedded". Tsurigane, means a "temple bell", which can stand alone or be followed by the grass kanji to mean "bellflower" (lots of botanical stuff happening here, if that means anything; hardly the only example in ''AtD''). Given the search for Shambhala going on, "Buried Temple Bell" seems a likely translation, at least at this point; the botanical meanings could perhaps emerge later.

'''Professor Knott''' 
???

==Page 532==

'''drover's sombrero''' 
Cowboy hat.

'''furoshiki''' 
??? 
Japanese all-purpose cloth. Can be worn, used as wrapping, or used as a bag.

'''taupe''' 
A brownish gray.

'''boilermakers and their helpers''' 
A shot of straight scotch followed by a beer chaser, plus other drinks.

'''''Comptes rendus''''' 
Les Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences Francais.

==Page 533==

'''aniline teal''' 
The wallpaper dye; aniline dyes were the products of I.G. Farben, significant in ''GR''.

'''Heavisiders''' 
Oliver Heaviside (May 18, 1850 – February 3, 1925) was a self-taught English electrical engineer, mathematician and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, developed techniques for applying Laplace transforms to the solution of differential equations, reformulated Maxwell's field equations in terms of electric and magnetic forces and energy flux, and independently co-formulated vector analysis. Although at odds with the scientific establishment for most of his life, Heaviside changed the face of mathematics and science for years to come.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaviside].

'''Grassmanniacs''' 
Nineteenth century German mathematician and linguist, essentially the inventor/discoverer of vector space. Grassmann showed that once geometry is put into the algebraic form he advocated, then the number three has no privileged role as the number of spatial dimensions; the number of possible dimensions is in fact unbounded.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Grassmann].

'''in the mood for a clambake''' 
Anachronistic Broadway show tune? If so, the clambake in ''Carousel'' turns into a brawl; the assmebled factions of mathematicians could be in the mood for either a party or a brawl, apparently.

'''Monopole de la Maison''' 
???

'''Idiom Neutral''' 
An invented language, like Esperanto. Idiom Neutral dictionaries first appeard in 1902. It looks like a simplified Latinate language and it grew out of Volapuk, another "auxiliary language." It was abandoned by the ''Akademi Internasional de Lingu Universal'' in 1908.

For a list of all the invented languages that linguists are keeping track of, including Klingon, try [http://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/GetListOfConstructedLgs.html Eastern Michigan's Linguist List]. And don't forget to click on the link to "Browse sites devoted to constructed languages."

'''phatic''' 
Basically, small talk or chatter. Words used to convey fellow-feeling rather than to impart information.

'''''Kampf ums Dasein''''' 
German: struggle for existence.

'''Q-brother''' 
"My fellow Quaternion"?

==Page 534==

'''Poiret gown''' 
???

'''''green and long''''' 
Pickle, or... what?

==Page 535==

'''no-name wine''' 
1970s idiom for common European practice?

'''Hamilton... first love''' 
???

==Page 536==

'''Oscar Wilde''' 
Note that Wilde's Dorian Gray also undergoes a kind of bilocation.

'''Kursaal''' 
Spa.

'''Curls''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326]]. In vector calculus, a curl is a vector operator that shows a vector field's rate of rotation.

'''Laplacians''' 
Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (March 23, 1749 – March 5, 1827); French mathematician and astronomer who summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five volume Mécanique Céleste (Celestial Mechanics) (1799-1825), translating the geometrical study of mechanics used by Isaac Newton to one based on calculus, known as physical mechanics.

He is also the discoverer of Laplace's equation. Although the Laplace transform is named in honor of Laplace, who used the transform in his work on probability theory, the transform was discovered originally by Leonhard Euler. The Laplace transform appears in all branches of mathematical physics — a field he took a leading role in forming. The Laplacian differential operator, much relied-upon in applied mathematics, is likewise named after him. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace].

:Laplacian is a differential operator named after Laplace. Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326]]. Pynchon here talked about not the person but the mathematical operations such as rotation, partial differentials, curls and ''Laplacians''!

'''scream''' 
Scream motif.

'''beginning to appal''' 
By 1905 there had been years of outrage at conditions in the Belgian Congo, King Leopold's private fief. Conrad's ''Heart of Darkness'' had been published as a serial in Backwood's Magazine in 1899 and as a book in 1902. There were missionaries' accounts of the brutality, and newspaper reports. Leopold and his apologists published rebuttals. The Norton Critical Edition of ''Heart of Darkness'' contains an extensive collection of both.

'''baize''' 
Baize is a course woolen felt.

==Page 537==

'''broken symmetries''' 
???

'''''sphinxe Khnopffienne''''' 
refers to the Belgian symbolist painter Fernand Khnopff (1858-1921), famous for his painting "The Caress", in which a female sphinx erotically lures a young man. The painting can be seen in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Khnopff wikipedia entry]

'''Pléiade Lafrisée''' 
???

'''''Conseilleuse''''' 
Female consultant?

==Page 538==

'''retroversion matrix''' 
???

'''''Ma foi''''' 
Literally "My faith", i.e. "By my faith!", a mild exclamation of incredulity.

'''ten thousand francs''' 
???

'''piker''' 
Someone cheap or cautious, possibly named after people from PIke County, Missouri, who came to California in the 1800s, looking for work. They were poor, hence cheap.

''''Mad Dog'''' 
???

'''Hegel... puns''' 
???

==Page 539==

'''vector quotient''' 
???

''''Triangle Asana'''' 
A basic yoga pose.

[http://yoga.org.nz/postures/yoga_positions_images_page.htm Here are images of several basic poses.]

''''Quadrantal Versor Asana'''' 
A triangle pose taken that extra dimension.

'''''"Uwe moer!"''''' 
???

'''noncommutative''' 
A term typical to mathematics. A commutative equation is one that can operate in exact reverse and still yield the same results. 'Noncommutative' then suggests unidirectionality. The ability to go from point A to point B, but not from B to A.

'''reticule''' 
A woman's drawstring handbag; usually made of net or beading or brocade; also: A system of lines forming a pattern of squares at the focal plane of a telescope, used in micrometers.
[www.astunit.com/tutorials/glossary.htm]

'''Vacheron & Constantin watch''' 
???

'''hunting-case''' 
???

==Page 540==

'''"haar rekening, ja?"''' 
The bill, yes? (Dutch)?

''Her'' bill, yes? I.e., give the check to the lady.

Given the presence of Chris 'Kit' Traverse here, this very much suggests a reference to Christopher 'Kit' Marlowe, Elizabethan poet, playwright and contemporary of Shakespeare. Marlowe was stabbed to death in 1593, in murky circumstances, ostensibly over a bill or 'reckoning', though he was widely believed to have been involved in some form of espionage.

'''Piet Woevre''' 
Pete Weaver?

'''made him reach''' 
Possible allusion to a famous line, "When I hear the word culture I reach for my gun." From Hanns Johst's biographical play ''Schlageter''. The original line is slightly different: "Wenn ich Kultur höre ... entsichere ich meinen Browning," "Whenever I hear of culture... I release the safety-catch of my Browning!" (Act 1, Scene 1). It is spoken by another character in conversation with the young Schlageter. In the scene Schlageter and his wartime comrade Friedrich Thiemann are studying for a college examination, but then start disputing whether it's worthwhile doing so when the nation is not free.

The line is often misattributed to better-known Nazis and others [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanns_Johst].

'''not unambiguous''' 
Ie, ambiguous.

'''''rastaquoueres''''' 
french for "social intruders, upstarts".

'''de Decker''' 
In Dutch/Flemish, the name means "roofer." (''De'' in these names almost never means "of, from" as in French; it's nearly always the definite article.)

==Page 541==

'''''bobbejaan''''' 
???

'''MKIV/ODC... Mark Four''' 
???

'''your remit''' 
???

'''''gatkruiper''''' 
Dutch/Flemish: brownnose, ass-kisser.

'''one on her wrist''' 
???

'''over the day''' 
Title motif?

==Page 542==

'''trans-horizontic''' 
???

'''Edmund Whittaker''' 
The Sir Edmund Whittaker Memorial Prize is awarded every four years by the Edinburgh Mathematical Society to an outstanding young mathematician having a specified connection with Scotland [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Whittaker_Memorial_Prize].

'''foaming louche''' 
???

'''cheval-glass''' 
Standing mirror in a freestanding vertical frame.

'''as if someone''' 
Sound-cancelling vs opacity-cancelling?

==Page 543==

'''monitory''' 
Admonitory.

'''He Who Must Come''' 
???

'''General Boulanger''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Boulanger Georges Boulanger], French War Minister urging an attack on Germany

'''what death and what transfiguration''' 
Allusion to Richard Strauss' tone poem "Death and Transfiguration" (''Tod und Verklärung''), premiered in 1890.

'''''"Zeker"''''' 
Dutch, "certainly"

'''''dead cert''''' 
Dead certainty, sure thing.

'''Von Schlieffen''' 
Alfred von Schlieffen was the author of a German war plan to win a two-front war against both France and Russia by quickly defeating France before Russian troops could be mobilized. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_Plan Schlieffen Plan] included an attack on France through Belgium, disregarding its neutrality.

'''Wilhelm has offered Leopold part of France, the ancient Duchy of Burgundy''' 
[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr-bg.html History of the duchy.] [http://www.freiburg-madison.de/freiburg_history/1386-1517_The%20Early%20Habsburgs.htm Map,] with portrait of Duke Charles the Rash.

'''lowlands''' 
Title of Pynchon's first published story. Here, ass?

==Page 544==

'''Place d'Armes''' 
Main square of Ostend; literally "drill field".

'''peau de soie''' 
"Skin of silk" A heavy, smooth satin with very fine ribbing; somewhat dull in sheen compared with traditional silk finishes.

'''Krafft-Ebing''' 
Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing, Austro-German psychiatrist and author of ''Psychopathia Sexualis'' (1886), a pioneering study of deviant sexual behavior and fetishism. Coined both ''sadism'' and ''masochism'' as terms for these respective behaviors. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Freiherr_von_Krafft-Ebing Wikipedia entry].

'''toque''' 
A chef's hat

'''guipure''' 
???

'''midinette''' 
???

'''sous''' 
??? 
coins. Originally Roman gold coins, latterly any kind of coin.

'''mayonnaise''' 
Brautigan's "Trout Fishing in America" famously ends with the word mayonnaise. [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0395500761&id=rbEjDovfyNMC&pg=RA2-PA111&lpg=RA2-PA111&ots=ELKl5b_6Tx&dq=mayonnaise+trout.fishing&num=100&sig=BiyXRqJXRGrMWbrBNgn8de2kpCo#PRA2-PA112,M1 GoogleBooks]

'''ovoöleaginous''' 
Another Pynchonic word combination, here denoting the two main ingredients of mayonnaise: 1) eggs, and 2) oil. It's not "fecoventilatory collision" as seen in "Vineland," but it's nice.

'''Grenache''' 
??? 
Grape commonly used in Rhone Valley wines e.g. Chateauneuf du Pape.

'''Chantilly''' 
??? 
Region north of Paris.

'''attainder''' 
Legislative act declaring that a person is guilty of a crime and setting punishment without the benefit of a formal trial. The Constitution forbids the federal government (Article I, Section 9, clause 3) and the state governments (Article I, Section 10, clause 1) from passing bills of attainder.
[www.historycentral.com/Civics/B.html]

''''''Aux armes, citoyens'''''' 
Not "Le Marseillaise," you nitwit!

'''Louis XV''' 
King of France 1715-1774 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XV].

'''Cléo de Mérode''' 
Glamorous French ballerina, later Follies Bergere dancer and famous beauty. Her reputed intimacy with King Leopold was only a rumor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleo_de_Merode].

'''marquise de Pompadour''' 
Mistress of Louis XV,once friend of Voltaire and a power behind official scenes.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour].

==Page 545==

'''dubious 'victory' in 1756''' 
???

'''the ill-fated Admiral Byng''' 
John Byng, convicted by court-martial of failure "to do his utmost" in the battle, shot in 1757. Remembered because of (1) his being the last officer of flag rank to be put to death for conduct in battle and (2) Voltaire's gag in ''Candide:'' "In this country it is good to kill an admiral from time to time in order to encourage the others."

'''cantharides''' 
"Spanish fly," contact irritant sometimes ill-advisedly used as aphrodisiac.

'''Sadean''' 
Pertaining to the Marquis de Sade. The acts the chef performs on the egg and oil have the same names as acts of Sadean sex.

'''vetiver''' 
A grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) of tropical India, cultivated for its aromatic roots that yield an oil used in perfumery.
[www.answers.com/topic/vetiver]. So, a perfume with, llterallly, roots in India.

'''pip''' 
A beaut; in current parlance, a hottie.

'''Q.P. system''' 
Quaternion Probability, p?.

'''Usine Régionale''' 
French: as translated in the text.

==Page 546==

'''disjunctive effects of thunderstorms''' 
Folk wisdom says a thunderstorm will cause mayonnaise to separate (oil from yolks).

'''lounge suit''' 
???

'''congress shoes''' 
???

'''dripping-heads''' 
???

'''''cuves d'agitation''''' 
???

'''Clinique d'Urgence pour Sauvetage des Sauces''' 
French: Emergency Clinic for Salvage of Sauces.

==Page 547==

'''''Cazzo, cretino''''' 
Literally, "Dick, cretin." ''Cazzo'' is a common Italian interjectionary obscenity, especially in the south. "Cazzo, cretino," is akin to someone saying, "Well shit, dummy," or "F-ing moron!"

'''''È il cowboy!''''' 
Italian: It's the cowboy!

'''''Le bambole anarchiste, porca miseria''''' 
Italian: Anarchist babes, oh boy.

'''Oudenberg''' 
???

'''Quai de l'Entrepôt''' 
???

'''''ragazzi''''' 
Italian: boys, guys.

==Page 548==

'''''timbres fictifs''''' 
French: fictive postage stamps. Cf "Lot 49".

'''"IIIb"''' 
As explained in the text

'''Germany might stand a better chance...''' 
That is, if the French were to push into Alsace (per Boulanger) as the Germans executed the Schlieffen Plan [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_plan] for the encirclement of Paris, it would put the French at an even greater disadvantage...as actually happened in 1914. Had the Belgians and British not delayed the Germans in Flanders, and had the French railroads not performed speedily to bring the French troops back to the Marne, World War I could have had a very different outcome...an alternate history.

'''revanchist''' 
Policies based on revenge, or a person following such policies. In General Boulanger's case, revenge against Germany for the Franco-Prussian War (that is, retaking Alsace, lost in 1871).

'''the somewhat discomposed General''' 
Having died in 1891, the General by the time of the action is certainly somewhat '''de'''composed; brief biographies do not suggest he was ''non compos mentis,'' that is, mentally discomposed.

==Page 549==

'''cackled Darby''' 
(When did he lose his innocence?)

'''a modification of any salsician metaphor toward the diminutive''' 
Salsician: pertaining to sausage. Lindsay says Suckling's penis is better compared to a wiener than a knockwurst.

'''"Why you little–and I do mean 'little'–"''' 
Another Simpsons reference?

'''dunes between Nieuport and Dunkirk''' 
???

'''power-receivers''' 
Not information, energy.

==Page 550==

'''Italian grotto''' 
???

'''a highly developed taste, moreover, for human blood''' 
Since Pugnax developed this taste in the Carpathians, home of Castle Dracula, this seems a clear reference to Bram Stoker's novel.

'''Carpathians''' 
Major mountain range running northwest-southeast through Poland, Slovakia, western Ukraine and Romania.

'''Uhlans''' 
Uhlan regiments belonged to the light cavalry. They wore splendid uniforms (model for some U.S. marching band uniforms). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhlan Wikipedia article.]

'''Temesvár''' 
Now Timişoara, extreme western Romania.

==Page 551==

'''...separated by only a slice of Time...''' 
Miles is beginning to experience Time almost as a spatial dimension, his personal vector as traversing (!) 4-dimensional space, or perhaps multidimensional space, the mathematics for which is being debated in Ostend.

'''securing the mess decks''' 
The Chums follow U.S. Navy idiom in orders (frequently prefixed with "Now") and shipboard activities ("secure" meaning "whatever you did before, undo it now," in this case put away the dishes and fold up the tables).

'''Ryder Thorn''' 
Tolkienesque name?

'''He was at Candlebrow.''' 
Presumably a 'trespasser.'

'''the four-note chord in the context of timelessness''' 
A melody is formed by notes following one another in time; a chord on the ukulele violates that practice by having all the notes sound at once. A really clever little passage.

==Page 552==

'''knuckle-duster''' 
Brass knuckles.

'''Diksmuide''' 
20 kilometers south of Ostend (about halfway to Ypres).

==Page 553==

'''The terrain was flat...lowlands''' 
Not, this time, a reference to Pynchon's ''Lowlands'', but to the two-dimensionality of Flanders, as in Edwin A. Abbott's ''Flatland'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatland]; most humans, like the inhabitants of Flanders and Abbott's Flatlanders, experience life in two dimensions.

'''Somewhere up in the sky was Miles' home...''' 
Whereas Miles and the Chums of Chance, in contrast, live in three dimensions. The mathematicians gathered in Ostend are trying to calculate how to experience and use vectors to live in four dimensions; in a way, to experience Time as a kind of spatial dimension. Miles, on P. 551, is demonstrating the beginnings of an intuitive discovery of how to experience Time as an almost spatial dimension. Which would be a sort of "time travel", or at least an expanded view of life and history.

'''retted''' 
???

==Page 554==

'''Ypres and Menin''' 
Municipalities in West Flanders that were sites of some of the bloodiest battles of WWI. At the beginning of the war, the British and Belgian stand helped save Paris from encirclement by the Germans, and saved the Channel ports, but as Thorn points out, the area became the western anchor of the Western Front trench system. The several Battles of Ypres saw the first uses of poison gas (Mustard Gas, dichlorodiethylsulfide, was first called Yperite), the use of enormous mines, and the legendary mud of Passchendaele [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passchendaele].

'''Ten years from now''' 
(1914?) through 1918? and beyond?. Another paramorphic mirror--what do we now face. Whatever it is, it is nuclear.

'''Bosch''' 
Hieronymous Bosch (1450-1516), Dutch painter of nightmares. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronymus_Bosch Wikipedia entry].

'''Brueghel''' 
Pieter Brueghel the Elder(1525-1569), Flemish painter.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Brueghel_the_Elder Wikipedia entry].

'''League''' 
League of Nations? The League of Nations was formed after WWI to prevent future wars. Didn't succeed.

'''where the needles went and which way to rotate them''' 
I.e., how to push Thorn's buttons; the image is from acupuncture.

==Page 555==

'''simpletons at the fair''' 
Making Pynchon's metaphor explicit.

'''Chopin E-minor Nocturne''' 
???

'''owl-light''' 
???

''''plasmic hysteresis'''' 
???

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 525-556

2007-01-30T11:14:30Z

Tommaso: /* Page 528 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 525==

'''Ostend''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 521|page 521]], a seaport in northwest Belgium. For more and pictures [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostend Ostend].

'''Fishermen's Quai''' 
Fishermen's Quay, also called De Trap. The shrimp boats come home here from the sea in the morning. Along the quay many stands sell lots of seafoods.

'''Boulevard van Isenghem''' 
???

'''street-plausible''' 
Presentable.

'''Quai de l'empereur''' 
???

'''estaminet''' 
According to the OED - A café in which smoking is allowed. Now, any small establishment selling alcoholic liquor.

'''twelve-centime''' 
one centime is the French eqivalent of one cent. A twelve-centime beer would cost 12/100 of a franc

'''Kellner''' 
German: waiter, barman. Use of the German word would be insulting to the Belgian barman.

'''''demi''''' 
Half glass.

'''Lambic''' 
Pron. ''lahm-BEEK.'' Unique Belgian beer style, sour and often thin in body.

'''skimmer''' 
Straw hat ("Panama").

==Page 526==

'''biquaternion''' 
Double quaternion.

'''Barry Nebulay''' 
Pun on a term from heraldry, ''barry nebuly.'' Barry (rhymes with "starry," not "carry") refers to a shield divided into an even number of parts by horizontal lines. Nebuly signals that the lines are deformed into stylized "cloud" shapes. [http://www.rarebooks.nd.edu/digital/heraldry/partitions.html Here you can see an example.] If a British author had a character with a heraldic name, it would suggest a pseudonym.

'''University of Dublin''' 
The Alma Mater of Hamilton, the father of Quaternion. He studied, graduated and taught at Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Irland's oldest university.

If University College, Dublin, then Joyce had graduated in 1902.

'''Tasmania''' 
Tasmania is an island of the southern coast of Australia. Known for its relative isolation, it was a prison for English convicts in the 1800s

'''Hamiltonian devotees''' 
The Quaternion faction, after William Hamilton, who devised the scheme.

'''Grand Hôtel de la Nouvelle Digue''' 
There is a Hotel Digue in the Seychelles; this is a New Hotel Digue by Pynchon?

'''anterooms of death''' 
This metaphor is sometimes applied to concentration camps. Here the lyric "feel like I'm fixin' to die" seems more apposite.

'''Belgian Art Nouveau''' 
???

==Page 527==

'''dossing''' 
British slang for "sleeping", "staying overnight"

'''Russian nihilists''' 

'''Eugénie, Fatou''' 
Females.

'''Denis, and Policarpe''' 
Males.

'''Young Congo''' 
Probably in reference to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Turks Young Turks], a Turkish revolutionary movement

'''Garde Civique''' 
A part of the Belgian army. According to the [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Belgium 1911 Britannica], "the mass of the garde civique does not pretend to possess military value. It is a defence against sedition and socialism."

'''French Second Bureau boys''' 
Deuxieme Bureau; French Intelligence.

'''''phalange''''' 
French: phalanx. A military (here mock-military) group ready for combat.

'''"...until something had happened, something too terrible to remember..."''' 
Again this theme of an unknowable past transgression, here invoked almost as if the unknown signifies the other 'lateral' (a word which has cropped up at least a dozen times already) 'vector'.

'''the Digue''' 
French for "dyke"

'''Congo... Belgians''' 
The Belgian colonisation of the Congo was, as Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" makes clear, notable for its greed and brutality.

'''Leopold, King of the Belgians''' 
1835-1909, reigned 1865-1909. In the Congo he acted as sole proprietor and absolute ruler.

'''co-conscious''' 
???

'''Force Publique''' 
Belgian armed forces operating in the Belgian Congo ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_Publique Wikipedia])

'''rubber worker''' 
See above: One of the early missions of the FP was to increase rubber export quotas through forced labor and related atrocities.

==Page 528==

'''''khâgne''''' 
preparatory class before entering studies proper. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A2gne wikipedia]

'''Reclus''' 
???

'''Stirnerite''' 
Follower of Max Stirner, 19th century German philosopher and author of ''The Ego and Its Own,'' a work influential in anarchist thought. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Stirner Wikipedia entry]. 

Max Stirner (1806--56) attacked on systematic philosophy. His denial of absolutes, and his rejection of abstract concepts of any kind placed him among the first philosophical nihilists. For Stirner, achieving individual freedom was the only law; and the state, which necessarily imperiled freedom, must be destroyed. Even beyond the oppression of the state were the constraints imposed by others because their very existence was an obstacle compromising individual freedom. Thus Stirner argued that existence was an endless "war of each agains all" (1844).

'''''Anarcho-individualiste''''' 
i.e. he has doctrinal differernces with Stirnerism, strictly speaking; see P. 324 and "Eigenheit".

'''Leopold''' 
See p. 527.

'''going down lately''' 
Being assassaniated.

'''Sipido''' 
Jean-Baptiste Victor Sipido (1884-1959), a Belgian socialist. On
April 5, 1900, he attempted to assassinate the Prince of Wales at the Northern Railway Station (Gare du Nord) in Brussels because of his believing that thousands were killed by the British during the Boer War in South Africa. The fifteen-year old leaped onto the foot board of the royal compartment right before the train left the station and fired two shots through the window but missed everyone inside. He wes arrested, tried but acquitted.

'''Prince... of Wales''' 
(Maud Gonne's husband claimed to have been involved in another such plot.)

'''Royal Bathing Hut... twenty francs''' 
???

'''twenty francs''' 
???

==Page 529==

'''picric family''' 
The explosive picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and its derivatives. For picric acid, Brugère's powder and Designolle's powder, [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/PER_PIG/PICRIC_ACID_or_TRINITROPHENOL_C.html see this Britannica article.]

'''Brugère's powder''' 
See "picric family" above.

'''Designolle's''' 
See "picric family" above.

'''Monsieur Santos-Dumont''' 
Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873-1932), a pioneer of aviation from Brasil. Check out [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Santos-Dumont Wikipedia] to get a look at the way he was wearing his "trademark Panama hat".

'''Green Hour''' and '''''l'heure vertigineuse''''' 
Absinthe-drinking time. The liqueur is green. In French, ''l'heure verte,'' so ''vertigineuse'' (vertiginous, causing dizziness) is a pun on the word for "green."

'''Rocco and Pino''' 
Rabid Quaternionists and sudden friends of Kit Traverse.

:No, they are not Quaternionists, but "Italian naval renegades".

'''Whitehead works in Fiume''' 
Anticipating GR's V2 works.

Fiume is now Rijeka, Croatia. Trieste is on the northern shore of the Istra Peninsula, Rijeka on the southern shore.

'''''Alberta''''' 
???

'''Siluro Dirigible a Lenta Corsa''' 
or S.L.C. "slow course torpedo", "slow-running torpedo". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manned_torpedo Wikipedia] Italy‘s Navy was among the first to experiment with manned torpedos. Though according to [http://web.ukonline.co.uk/chalcraft/sm/chariots.html this site] this did not happen until 1935, Italian frogmen as early as October 31, 1918 made it into the harbour of Pula with the help of a modified german torpedo and sank the former Austrian but by then since a few hours Croatian/Slovenian/Bosnian battleship SMS ''Viribus Unitis''. [http://www.geocities.com/tegetthoff66/viribus.html website]

Italian ''dirigibile'' means "steerable." The word suggests the torpedo is a counterpart of the dirigible ''Inconvenience.''

==Page 530==

'''exfiltrate''' 
Make a surreptitious escape (as "infiltrate" means to make a surreptitious entrance).

'''''Macchè''''' 
???

'''''Ehi, stugazz', categoria''''' 
???

'''''mezzogiornismo''''' 
Denigrating the Italian South

==Page 531==

'''Bruges''' 
An exceptionally beautiful Belgian town of canals which is thus one of several towns known as the 'Venice of the north'.

'''Raoul's Atelier de la Vitesse''' 
French: Ralph's Speed Shop.

'''Ghent''' 
Belgian city on the rail line about halfway between Ostend and Brussels.

'''Daimler six-cylinder''' 
???

'''a hundred horsepower''' 
???

'''''guaglion''''' 
???

'''Umeki Tsurigane''' 
Umeki is typically made with some combination of the various kanji for "plum" (ume) and "tree" (ki), though one has the ki being the character for "ghost/devil" and one obscure reading that's entirely redundant, where ume is "plant" (usually read ue). There is one where ume is the kanji for "buried or embedded". Tsurigane, means a "temple bell", which can stand alone or be followed by the grass kanji to mean "bellflower" (lots of botanical stuff happening here, if that means anything; hardly the only example in ''AtD''). Given the search for Shambhala going on, "Buried Temple Bell" seems a likely translation, at least at this point; the botanical meanings could perhaps emerge later.

'''Professor Knott''' 
???

==Page 532==

'''drover's sombrero''' 
Cowboy hat.

'''furoshiki''' 
??? 
Japanese all-purpose cloth. Can be worn, used as wrapping, or used as a bag.

'''taupe''' 
A brownish gray.

'''boilermakers and their helpers''' 
A shot of straight scotch followed by a beer chaser, plus other drinks.

'''''Comptes rendus''''' 
Les Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences Francais.

==Page 533==

'''aniline teal''' 
The wallpaper dye; aniline dyes were the products of I.G. Farben, significant in ''GR''.

'''Heavisiders''' 
Oliver Heaviside (May 18, 1850 – February 3, 1925) was a self-taught English electrical engineer, mathematician and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, developed techniques for applying Laplace transforms to the solution of differential equations, reformulated Maxwell's field equations in terms of electric and magnetic forces and energy flux, and independently co-formulated vector analysis. Although at odds with the scientific establishment for most of his life, Heaviside changed the face of mathematics and science for years to come.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaviside].

'''Grassmanniacs''' 
Nineteenth century German mathematician and linguist, essentially the inventor/discoverer of vector space. Grassmann showed that once geometry is put into the algebraic form he advocated, then the number three has no privileged role as the number of spatial dimensions; the number of possible dimensions is in fact unbounded.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Grassmann].

'''in the mood for a clambake''' 
Anachronistic Broadway show tune? If so, the clambake in ''Carousel'' turns into a brawl; the assmebled factions of mathematicians could be in the mood for either a party or a brawl, apparently.

'''Monopole de la Maison''' 
???

'''Idiom Neutral''' 
An invented language, like Esperanto. Idiom Neutral dictionaries first appeard in 1902. It looks like a simplified Latinate language and it grew out of Volapuk, another "auxiliary language." It was abandoned by the ''Akademi Internasional de Lingu Universal'' in 1908.

For a list of all the invented languages that linguists are keeping track of, including Klingon, try [http://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/GetListOfConstructedLgs.html Eastern Michigan's Linguist List]. And don't forget to click on the link to "Browse sites devoted to constructed languages."

'''phatic''' 
Basically, small talk or chatter. Words used to convey fellow-feeling rather than to impart information.

'''''Kampf ums Dasein''''' 
German: struggle for existence.

'''Q-brother''' 
"My fellow Quaternion"?

==Page 534==

'''Poiret gown''' 
???

'''''green and long''''' 
Pickle, or... what?

==Page 535==

'''no-name wine''' 
1970s idiom for common European practice?

'''Hamilton... first love''' 
???

==Page 536==

'''Oscar Wilde''' 
Note that Wilde's Dorian Gray also undergoes a kind of bilocation.

'''Kursaal''' 
Spa.

'''Curls''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326]]. In vector calculus, a curl is a vector operator that shows a vector field's rate of rotation.

'''Laplacians''' 
Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (March 23, 1749 – March 5, 1827); French mathematician and astronomer who summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five volume Mécanique Céleste (Celestial Mechanics) (1799-1825), translating the geometrical study of mechanics used by Isaac Newton to one based on calculus, known as physical mechanics.

He is also the discoverer of Laplace's equation. Although the Laplace transform is named in honor of Laplace, who used the transform in his work on probability theory, the transform was discovered originally by Leonhard Euler. The Laplace transform appears in all branches of mathematical physics — a field he took a leading role in forming. The Laplacian differential operator, much relied-upon in applied mathematics, is likewise named after him. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace].

:Laplacian is a differential operator named after Laplace. Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326]]. Pynchon here talked about not the person but the mathematical operations such as rotation, partial differentials, curls and ''Laplacians''!

'''scream''' 
Scream motif.

'''beginning to appal''' 
By 1905 there had been years of outrage at conditions in the Belgian Congo, King Leopold's private fief. Conrad's ''Heart of Darkness'' had been published as a serial in Backwood's Magazine in 1899 and as a book in 1902. There were missionaries' accounts of the brutality, and newspaper reports. Leopold and his apologists published rebuttals. The Norton Critical Edition of ''Heart of Darkness'' contains an extensive collection of both.

'''baize''' 
Baize is a course woolen felt.

==Page 537==

'''broken symmetries''' 
???

'''''sphinxe Khnopffienne''''' 
refers to the Belgian symbolist painter Fernand Khnopff (1858-1921), famous for his painting "The Caress", in which a female sphinx erotically lures a young man. The painting can be seen in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Khnopff wikipedia entry]

'''Pléiade Lafrisée''' 
???

'''''Conseilleuse''''' 
Female consultant?

==Page 538==

'''retroversion matrix''' 
???

'''''Ma foi''''' 
Literally "My faith", i.e. "By my faith!", a mild exclamation of incredulity.

'''ten thousand francs''' 
???

'''piker''' 
Someone cheap or cautious, possibly named after people from PIke County, Missouri, who came to California in the 1800s, looking for work. They were poor, hence cheap.

''''Mad Dog'''' 
???

'''Hegel... puns''' 
???

==Page 539==

'''vector quotient''' 
???

''''Triangle Asana'''' 
A basic yoga pose.

[http://yoga.org.nz/postures/yoga_positions_images_page.htm Here are images of several basic poses.]

''''Quadrantal Versor Asana'''' 
A triangle pose taken that extra dimension.

'''''"Uwe moer!"''''' 
???

'''noncommutative''' 
A term typical to mathematics. A commutative equation is one that can operate in exact reverse and still yield the same results. 'Noncommutative' then suggests unidirectionality. The ability to go from point A to point B, but not from B to A.

'''reticule''' 
A woman's drawstring handbag; usually made of net or beading or brocade; also: A system of lines forming a pattern of squares at the focal plane of a telescope, used in micrometers.
[www.astunit.com/tutorials/glossary.htm]

'''Vacheron & Constantin watch''' 
???

'''hunting-case''' 
???

==Page 540==

'''"haar rekening, ja?"''' 
The bill, yes? (Dutch)?

''Her'' bill, yes? I.e., give the check to the lady.

Given the presence of Chris 'Kit' Traverse here, this very much suggests a reference to Christopher 'Kit' Marlowe, Elizabethan poet, playwright and contemporary of Shakespeare. Marlowe was stabbed to death in 1593, in murky circumstances, ostensibly over a bill or 'reckoning', though he was widely believed to have been involved in some form of espionage.

'''Piet Woevre''' 
Pete Weaver?

'''made him reach''' 
Possible allusion to a famous line, "When I hear the word culture I reach for my gun." From Hanns Johst's biographical play ''Schlageter''. The original line is slightly different: "Wenn ich Kultur höre ... entsichere ich meinen Browning," "Whenever I hear of culture... I release the safety-catch of my Browning!" (Act 1, Scene 1). It is spoken by another character in conversation with the young Schlageter. In the scene Schlageter and his wartime comrade Friedrich Thiemann are studying for a college examination, but then start disputing whether it's worthwhile doing so when the nation is not free.

The line is often misattributed to better-known Nazis and others [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanns_Johst].

'''not unambiguous''' 
Ie, ambiguous.

'''''rastaquoueres''''' 
8???

'''de Decker''' 
In Dutch/Flemish, the name means "roofer." (''De'' in these names almost never means "of, from" as in French; it's nearly always the definite article.)

==Page 541==

'''''bobbejaan''''' 
???

'''MKIV/ODC... Mark Four''' 
???

'''your remit''' 
???

'''''gatkruiper''''' 
Dutch/Flemish: brownnose, ass-kisser.

'''one on her wrist''' 
???

'''over the day''' 
Title motif?

==Page 542==

'''trans-horizontic''' 
???

'''Edmund Whittaker''' 
The Sir Edmund Whittaker Memorial Prize is awarded every four years by the Edinburgh Mathematical Society to an outstanding young mathematician having a specified connection with Scotland [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Whittaker_Memorial_Prize].

'''foaming louche''' 
???

'''cheval-glass''' 
Standing mirror in a freestanding vertical frame.

'''as if someone''' 
Sound-cancelling vs opacity-cancelling?

==Page 543==

'''monitory''' 
Admonitory.

'''He Who Must Come''' 
???

'''General Boulanger''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Boulanger Georges Boulanger], French War Minister urging an attack on Germany

'''what death and what transfiguration''' 
Allusion to Richard Strauss' tone poem "Death and Transfiguration" (''Tod und Verklärung''), premiered in 1890.

'''''"Zeker"''''' 
Dutch, "certainly"

'''''dead cert''''' 
Dead certainty, sure thing.

'''Von Schlieffen''' 
Alfred von Schlieffen was the author of a German war plan to win a two-front war against both France and Russia by quickly defeating France before Russian troops could be mobilized. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_Plan Schlieffen Plan] included an attack on France through Belgium, disregarding its neutrality.

'''Wilhelm has offered Leopold part of France, the ancient Duchy of Burgundy''' 
[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr-bg.html History of the duchy.] [http://www.freiburg-madison.de/freiburg_history/1386-1517_The%20Early%20Habsburgs.htm Map,] with portrait of Duke Charles the Rash.

'''lowlands''' 
Title of Pynchon's first published story. Here, ass?

==Page 544==

'''Place d'Armes''' 
Main square of Ostend; literally "drill field".

'''peau de soie''' 
"Skin of silk" A heavy, smooth satin with very fine ribbing; somewhat dull in sheen compared with traditional silk finishes.

'''Krafft-Ebing''' 
Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing, Austro-German psychiatrist and author of ''Psychopathia Sexualis'' (1886), a pioneering study of deviant sexual behavior and fetishism. Coined both ''sadism'' and ''masochism'' as terms for these respective behaviors. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Freiherr_von_Krafft-Ebing Wikipedia entry].

'''toque''' 
A chef's hat

'''guipure''' 
???

'''midinette''' 
???

'''sous''' 
??? 
coins. Originally Roman gold coins, latterly any kind of coin.

'''mayonnaise''' 
Brautigan's "Trout Fishing in America" famously ends with the word mayonnaise. [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0395500761&id=rbEjDovfyNMC&pg=RA2-PA111&lpg=RA2-PA111&ots=ELKl5b_6Tx&dq=mayonnaise+trout.fishing&num=100&sig=BiyXRqJXRGrMWbrBNgn8de2kpCo#PRA2-PA112,M1 GoogleBooks]

'''ovoöleaginous''' 
Another Pynchonic word combination, here denoting the two main ingredients of mayonnaise: 1) eggs, and 2) oil. It's not "fecoventilatory collision" as seen in "Vineland," but it's nice.

'''Grenache''' 
??? 
Grape commonly used in Rhone Valley wines e.g. Chateauneuf du Pape.

'''Chantilly''' 
??? 
Region north of Paris.

'''attainder''' 
Legislative act declaring that a person is guilty of a crime and setting punishment without the benefit of a formal trial. The Constitution forbids the federal government (Article I, Section 9, clause 3) and the state governments (Article I, Section 10, clause 1) from passing bills of attainder.
[www.historycentral.com/Civics/B.html]

''''''Aux armes, citoyens'''''' 
Not "Le Marseillaise," you nitwit!

'''Louis XV''' 
King of France 1715-1774 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XV].

'''Cléo de Mérode''' 
Glamorous French ballerina, later Follies Bergere dancer and famous beauty. Her reputed intimacy with King Leopold was only a rumor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleo_de_Merode].

'''marquise de Pompadour''' 
Mistress of Louis XV,once friend of Voltaire and a power behind official scenes.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour].

==Page 545==

'''dubious 'victory' in 1756''' 
???

'''the ill-fated Admiral Byng''' 
John Byng, convicted by court-martial of failure "to do his utmost" in the battle, shot in 1757. Remembered because of (1) his being the last officer of flag rank to be put to death for conduct in battle and (2) Voltaire's gag in ''Candide:'' "In this country it is good to kill an admiral from time to time in order to encourage the others."

'''cantharides''' 
"Spanish fly," contact irritant sometimes ill-advisedly used as aphrodisiac.

'''Sadean''' 
Pertaining to the Marquis de Sade. The acts the chef performs on the egg and oil have the same names as acts of Sadean sex.

'''vetiver''' 
A grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) of tropical India, cultivated for its aromatic roots that yield an oil used in perfumery.
[www.answers.com/topic/vetiver]. So, a perfume with, llterallly, roots in India.

'''pip''' 
A beaut; in current parlance, a hottie.

'''Q.P. system''' 
Quaternion Probability, p?.

'''Usine Régionale''' 
French: as translated in the text.

==Page 546==

'''disjunctive effects of thunderstorms''' 
Folk wisdom says a thunderstorm will cause mayonnaise to separate (oil from yolks).

'''lounge suit''' 
???

'''congress shoes''' 
???

'''dripping-heads''' 
???

'''''cuves d'agitation''''' 
???

'''Clinique d'Urgence pour Sauvetage des Sauces''' 
French: Emergency Clinic for Salvage of Sauces.

==Page 547==

'''''Cazzo, cretino''''' 
Literally, "Dick, cretin." ''Cazzo'' is a common Italian interjectionary obscenity, especially in the south. "Cazzo, cretino," is akin to someone saying, "Well shit, dummy," or "F-ing moron!"

'''''È il cowboy!''''' 
Italian: It's the cowboy!

'''''Le bambole anarchiste, porca miseria''''' 
Italian: Anarchist babes, oh boy.

'''Oudenberg''' 
???

'''Quai de l'Entrepôt''' 
???

'''''ragazzi''''' 
Italian: boys, guys.

==Page 548==

'''''timbres fictifs''''' 
French: fictive postage stamps. Cf "Lot 49".

'''"IIIb"''' 
As explained in the text

'''Germany might stand a better chance...''' 
That is, if the French were to push into Alsace (per Boulanger) as the Germans executed the Schlieffen Plan [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_plan] for the encirclement of Paris, it would put the French at an even greater disadvantage...as actually happened in 1914. Had the Belgians and British not delayed the Germans in Flanders, and had the French railroads not performed speedily to bring the French troops back to the Marne, World War I could have had a very different outcome...an alternate history.

'''revanchist''' 
Policies based on revenge, or a person following such policies. In General Boulanger's case, revenge against Germany for the Franco-Prussian War (that is, retaking Alsace, lost in 1871).

'''the somewhat discomposed General''' 
Having died in 1891, the General by the time of the action is certainly somewhat '''de'''composed; brief biographies do not suggest he was ''non compos mentis,'' that is, mentally discomposed.

==Page 549==

'''cackled Darby''' 
(When did he lose his innocence?)

'''a modification of any salsician metaphor toward the diminutive''' 
Salsician: pertaining to sausage. Lindsay says Suckling's penis is better compared to a wiener than a knockwurst.

'''"Why you little–and I do mean 'little'–"''' 
Another Simpsons reference?

'''dunes between Nieuport and Dunkirk''' 
???

'''power-receivers''' 
Not information, energy.

==Page 550==

'''Italian grotto''' 
???

'''a highly developed taste, moreover, for human blood''' 
Since Pugnax developed this taste in the Carpathians, home of Castle Dracula, this seems a clear reference to Bram Stoker's novel.

'''Carpathians''' 
Major mountain range running northwest-southeast through Poland, Slovakia, western Ukraine and Romania.

'''Uhlans''' 
Uhlan regiments belonged to the light cavalry. They wore splendid uniforms (model for some U.S. marching band uniforms). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhlan Wikipedia article.]

'''Temesvár''' 
Now Timişoara, extreme western Romania.

==Page 551==

'''...separated by only a slice of Time...''' 
Miles is beginning to experience Time almost as a spatial dimension, his personal vector as traversing (!) 4-dimensional space, or perhaps multidimensional space, the mathematics for which is being debated in Ostend.

'''securing the mess decks''' 
The Chums follow U.S. Navy idiom in orders (frequently prefixed with "Now") and shipboard activities ("secure" meaning "whatever you did before, undo it now," in this case put away the dishes and fold up the tables).

'''Ryder Thorn''' 
Tolkienesque name?

'''He was at Candlebrow.''' 
Presumably a 'trespasser.'

'''the four-note chord in the context of timelessness''' 
A melody is formed by notes following one another in time; a chord on the ukulele violates that practice by having all the notes sound at once. A really clever little passage.

==Page 552==

'''knuckle-duster''' 
Brass knuckles.

'''Diksmuide''' 
20 kilometers south of Ostend (about halfway to Ypres).

==Page 553==

'''The terrain was flat...lowlands''' 
Not, this time, a reference to Pynchon's ''Lowlands'', but to the two-dimensionality of Flanders, as in Edwin A. Abbott's ''Flatland'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatland]; most humans, like the inhabitants of Flanders and Abbott's Flatlanders, experience life in two dimensions.

'''Somewhere up in the sky was Miles' home...''' 
Whereas Miles and the Chums of Chance, in contrast, live in three dimensions. The mathematicians gathered in Ostend are trying to calculate how to experience and use vectors to live in four dimensions; in a way, to experience Time as a kind of spatial dimension. Miles, on P. 551, is demonstrating the beginnings of an intuitive discovery of how to experience Time as an almost spatial dimension. Which would be a sort of "time travel", or at least an expanded view of life and history.

'''retted''' 
???

==Page 554==

'''Ypres and Menin''' 
Municipalities in West Flanders that were sites of some of the bloodiest battles of WWI. At the beginning of the war, the British and Belgian stand helped save Paris from encirclement by the Germans, and saved the Channel ports, but as Thorn points out, the area became the western anchor of the Western Front trench system. The several Battles of Ypres saw the first uses of poison gas (Mustard Gas, dichlorodiethylsulfide, was first called Yperite), the use of enormous mines, and the legendary mud of Passchendaele [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passchendaele].

'''Ten years from now''' 
(1914?) through 1918? and beyond?. Another paramorphic mirror--what do we now face. Whatever it is, it is nuclear.

'''Bosch''' 
Hieronymous Bosch (1450-1516), Dutch painter of nightmares. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronymus_Bosch Wikipedia entry].

'''Brueghel''' 
Pieter Brueghel the Elder(1525-1569), Flemish painter.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Brueghel_the_Elder Wikipedia entry].

'''League''' 
League of Nations? The League of Nations was formed after WWI to prevent future wars. Didn't succeed.

'''where the needles went and which way to rotate them''' 
I.e., how to push Thorn's buttons; the image is from acupuncture.

==Page 555==

'''simpletons at the fair''' 
Making Pynchon's metaphor explicit.

'''Chopin E-minor Nocturne''' 
???

'''owl-light''' 
???

''''plasmic hysteresis'''' 
???

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 525-556

2007-01-29T13:02:07Z

Tommaso: /* Page 537 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 525==

'''Boulevard van Isenghem''' 
???

'''street-plausible''' 
Presentable.

'''Quai de l'empereur''' 
???

'''estaminet''' 
According to the OED - A café in which smoking is allowed. Now, any small establishment selling alcoholic liquor.

'''twelve-centime''' 
???

'''Kellner''' 
German: waiter, barman. Use of the German word would be insulting to the Belgian barman.

'''''demi''''' 
Half glass.

'''Lambic''' 
Pron. ''lahm-BEEK.'' Unique Belgian beer style, sour and often thin in body.

'''skimmer''' 
Straw hat ("Panama").

==Page 526==

'''biquaternion''' 
Double quaternion.

'''Barry Nebulay''' 
Pun on a term from heraldry, ''barry nebuly.'' Barry (rhymes with "starry," not "carry") refers to a shield divided into an even number of parts by horizontal lines. Nebuly signals that the lines are deformed into stylized "cloud" shapes. [http://www.rarebooks.nd.edu/digital/heraldry/partitions.html Here you can see an example.] If a British author had a character with a heraldic name, it would suggest a pseudonym.

'''University of Dublin''' 
If University College, Dublin, then Joyce had graduated in 1902.

'''Tasmania''' 
Tasmania is an island of the southern coast of Australia. Known for its relative isolation, it was a prison for English convicts in the 1800s

'''Hamiltonian devotees''' 
The Quaternion faction, after William Hamilton, who devised the scheme.

'''Grand Hôtel de la Nouvelle Digue''' 
There is a Hotel Digue in the Seychelles; this is a New Hotel Digue by Pynchon?

'''anterooms of death''' 
This metaphor is sometimes applied to concentration camps. Here the lyric "feel like I'm fixin' to die" seems more apposite.

'''Belgian Art Nouveau''' 
???

==Page 527==

'''dossing''' 
British slang for "sleeping", "staying overnight"

'''Russian nihilists''' 

'''Eugénie, Fatou''' 
Females.

'''Denis, and Policarpe''' 
Males.

'''Young Congo''' 
Probably in reference to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Turks Young Turks], a Turkish revolutionary movement

'''Garde Civique''' 
A part of the Belgian army. According to the [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Belgium 1911 Britannica], "the mass of the garde civique does not pretend to possess military value. It is a defence against sedition and socialism."

'''French Second Bureau boys''' 
Deuxieme Bureau; French Intelligence.

'''''phalange''''' 
French: phalanx. A military (here mock-military) group ready for combat.

'''"...until something had happened, something too terrible to remember..."''' 
Again this theme of an unknowable past transgression, here invoked almost as if the unknown signifies the other 'lateral' (a word which has cropped up at least a dozen times already) 'vector'.

'''the Digue''' 
French for "dyke"

'''Congo... Belgians''' 
The Belgian colonisation of the Congo was, as Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" makes clear, notable for its greed and brutality.

'''Leopold, King of the Belgians''' 
1835-1909, reigned 1865-1909. In the Congo he acted as sole proprietor and absolute ruler.

'''co-conscious''' 
???

'''Force Publique''' 
Belgian armed forces operating in the Belgian Congo ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_Publique Wikipedia])

'''rubber worker''' 
See above: One of the early missions of the FP was to increase rubber export quotas through forced labor and related atrocities.

==Page 528==

'''''khâgne''''' 
???

'''Reclus''' 
???

'''Stirnerite''' 
Follower of Max Stirner, 19th century German philosopher and author of ''The Ego and Its Own,'' a work influential in anarchist thought. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Stirner Wikipedia entry].

'''''Anarcho-individualiste''''' 
i.e. he has doctrinal differernces with Stirnerism, strictly speaking; see P. 324, and "Eigenheit".

'''Leopold''' 
See p. 527.

'''going down lately''' 
Being assassaniated.

'''Sipido''' 
???

'''Prince... of Wales''' 
(Maud Gonne's husband claimed to have been involved in another such plot.)

'''Royal Bathing Hut... twenty francs''' 
???

'''twenty francs''' 
???

==Page 529==

'''picric family''' 
The explosive picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and its derivatives. For picric acid, Brugère's powder and Designolle's powder, [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/PER_PIG/PICRIC_ACID_or_TRINITROPHENOL_C.html see this Britannica article.]

'''Brugère's powder''' 
See "picric family" above.

'''Designolle's''' 
See "picric family" above.

'''Monsieur Santos-Dumont''' 
Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873-1932), a pioneer of aviation from Brasil. Check out [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Santos-Dumont Wikipedia] to get a look at the way he was wearing his "trademark Panama hat".

'''Green Hour''' and '''''l'heure vertigineuse''''' 
Absinthe-drinking time. The liqueur is green. In French, ''l'heure verte,'' so ''vertigineuse'' (vertiginous, causing dizziness) is a pun on the word for "green."

'''Rocco and Pino''' 
Rabid Quaternionists and sudden friends of Kit Traverse.

'''Whitehead works in Fiume''' 
Anticipating GR's V2 works.

Fiume is now Rijeka, Croatia. Trieste is on the northern shore of the Istra Peninsula, Rijeka on the southern shore.

'''''Alberta''''' 
???

'''Siluro Dirigible a Lenta Corsa''' 
or S.L.C. "slow course torpedo", "slow-running torpedo". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manned_torpedo Wikipedia] Italy‘s Navy was among the first to experiment with manned torpedos. Though according to [http://web.ukonline.co.uk/chalcraft/sm/chariots.html this site] this did not happen until 1935, Italian frogmen as early as October 31, 1918 made it into the harbour of Pula with the help of a modified german torpedo and sank the former Austrian but by then since a few hours Croatian/Slovenian/Bosnian battleship SMS ''Viribus Unitis''. [http://www.geocities.com/tegetthoff66/viribus.html website]

Italian ''dirigibile'' means "steerable." The word suggests the torpedo is a counterpart of the dirigible ''Inconvenience.''

==Page 530==

'''exfiltrate''' 
Make a surreptitious escape (as "infiltrate" means to make a surreptitious entrance).

'''''Macchè''''' 
???

'''''Ehi, stugazz', categoria''''' 
???

'''''mezzogiornismo''''' 
Denigrating the Italian South

==Page 531==

'''Bruges''' 
An exceptionally beautiful Belgian town of canals which is thus one of several towns known as the 'Venice of the north'.

'''Raoul's Atelier de la Vitesse''' 
French: Ralph's Speed Shop.

'''Ghent''' 
Belgian city on the rail line about halfway between Ostend and Brussels.

'''Daimler six-cylinder''' 
???

'''a hundred horsepower''' 
???

'''''guaglion''''' 
???

'''Umeki Tsurigane''' 
Umeki is typically made with some combination of the various kanji for "plum" (ume) and "tree" (ki), though one has the ki being the character for "ghost/devil" and one obscure reading that's entirely redundant, where ume is "plant" (usually read ue). There is one where ume is the kanji for "buried or embedded". Tsurigane, means a "temple bell", which can stand alone or be followed by the grass kanji to mean "bellflower" (lots of botanical stuff happening here, if that means anything; hardly the only example in ''AtD''). Given the search for Shambhala going on, "Buried Temple Bell" seems a likely translation, at least at this point; the botanical meanings could perhaps emerge later.

'''Professor Knott''' 
???

==Page 532==

'''drover's sombrero''' 
Cowboy hat.

'''furoshiki''' 
??? 
Japanese all-purpose cloth. Can be worn, used as wrapping, or used as a bag.

'''taupe''' 
A brownish gray.

'''boilermakers and their helpers''' 
A shot of straight scotch followed by a beer chaser, plus other drinks.

'''''Comptes rendus''''' 
Les Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences Francais.

==Page 533==

'''aniline teal''' 
The wallpaper dye; aniline dyes were the products of I.G. Farben, significant in ''GR''.

'''Heavisiders''' 
Oliver Heaviside (May 18, 1850 – February 3, 1925) was a self-taught English electrical engineer, mathematician and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, developed techniques for applying Laplace transforms to the solution of differential equations, reformulated Maxwell's field equations in terms of electric and magnetic forces and energy flux, and independently co-formulated vector analysis. Although at odds with the scientific establishment for most of his life, Heaviside changed the face of mathematics and science for years to come.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaviside].

'''Grassmanniacs''' 
Nineteenth century German mathematician and linguist, essentially the inventor/discoverer of vector space. Grassmann showed that once geometry is put into the algebraic form he advocated, then the number three has no privileged role as the number of spatial dimensions; the number of possible dimensions is in fact unbounded.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Grassmann].

'''in the mood for a clambake''' 
Anachronistic Broadway show tune? If so, the clambake in ''Carousel'' turns into a brawl; the assmebled factions of mathematicians could be in the mood for either a party or a brawl, apparently.

'''Monopole de la Maison''' 
???

'''Idiom Neutral''' 
An invented language, like Esperanto. Idiom Neutral dictionaries first appeard in 1902. It looks like a simplified Latinate language and it grew out of Volapuk, another "auxiliary language." It was abandoned by the ''Akademi Internasional de Lingu Universal'' in 1908.

For a list of all the invented languages that linguists are keeping track of, including Klingon, try [http://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/GetListOfConstructedLgs.html Eastern Michigan's Linguist List]. And don't forget to click on the link to "Browse sites devoted to constructed languages."

'''phatic''' 
Basically, small talk or chatter. Words used to convey fellow-feeling rather than to impart information.

'''''Kampf ums Dasein''''' 
German: struggle for existence.

'''Q-brother''' 
"My fellow Quaternion"?

==Page 534==

'''Poiret gown''' 
???

'''''green and long''''' 
Pickle, or... what?

==Page 535==

'''no-name wine''' 
1970s idiom for common European practice?

'''Hamilton... first love''' 
???

==Page 536==

'''Oscar Wilde''' 
Note that Wilde's Dorian Gray also undergoes a kind of bilocation.

'''Kursaal''' 
Spa.

'''Curls''' 
???

'''Laplacians''' 
Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (March 23, 1749 – March 5, 1827); French mathematician and astronomer who summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five volume Mécanique Céleste (Celestial Mechanics) (1799-1825), translating the geometrical study of mechanics used by Isaac Newton to one based on calculus, known as physical mechanics.

He is also the discoverer of Laplace's equation. Although the Laplace transform is named in honor of Laplace, who used the transform in his work on probability theory, the transform was discovered originally by Leonhard Euler. The Laplace transform appears in all branches of mathematical physics — a field he took a leading role in forming. The Laplacian differential operator, much relied-upon in applied mathematics, is likewise named after him. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace].

'''scream''' 
Scream motif.

'''beginning to appal''' 
By 1905 there had been years of outrage at conditions in the Belgian Congo, King Leopold's private fief. Conrad's ''Heart of Darkness'' had been published as a serial in Backwood's Magazine in 1899 and as a book in 1902. There were missionaries' accounts of the brutality, and newspaper reports. Leopold and his apologists published rebuttals. The Norton Critical Edition of ''Heart of Darkness'' contains an extensive collection of both.

'''baize''' 
Baize is a course woolen felt.

==Page 537==

'''broken symmetries''' 
???

'''''sphinxe Khnopffienne''''' 
refers to the Belgian symbolist painter Fernand Khnopff (1858-1921), famous for his painting "The Caress", in which a female sphinx erotically lures a young man. The painting can be seen in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Khnopff wikipedia entry]

'''Pléiade Lafrisée''' 
???

'''''Conseilleuse''''' 
Female consultant?

==Page 538==

'''retroversion matrix''' 
???

'''''Ma foi''''' 
Literally "My faith", i.e. "By my faith!", a mild exclamation of incredulity.

'''ten thousand francs''' 
???

'''piker''' 
Someone cheap or cautious, possibly named after people from PIke County, Missouri, who came to California in the 1800s, looking for work. They were poor, hence cheap.

''''Mad Dog'''' 
???

'''Hegel... puns''' 
???

==Page 539==

'''vector quotient''' 
???

''''Triangle Asana'''' 
A basic yoga pose.

[http://yoga.org.nz/postures/yoga_positions_images_page.htm Here are images of several basic poses.]

''''Quadrantal Versor Asana'''' 
A triangle pose taken that extra dimension.

'''''"Uwe moer!"''''' 
???

'''noncommutative''' 
A term typical to mathematics. A commutative equation is one that can operate in exact reverse and still yield the same results. 'Noncommutative' then suggests unidirectionality. The ability to go from point A to point B, but not from B to A.

'''reticule''' 
A woman's drawstring handbag; usually made of net or beading or brocade; also: A system of lines forming a pattern of squares at the focal plane of a telescope, used in micrometers.
[www.astunit.com/tutorials/glossary.htm]

'''Vacheron & Constantin watch''' 
???

'''hunting-case''' 
???

==Page 540==

'''"haar rekening, ja?"''' 
The bill, yes? (Dutch)?

''Her'' bill, yes? I.e., give the check to the lady.

Given the presence of Chris 'Kit' Traverse here, this very much suggests a reference to Christopher 'Kit' Marlowe, Elizabethan poet, playwright and contemporary of Shakespeare. Marlowe was stabbed to death in 1593, in murky circumstances, ostensibly over a bill or 'reckoning', though he was widely believed to have been involved in some form of espionage.

'''Piet Woevre''' 
Pete Weaver?

'''made him reach''' 
Possible allusion to a famous line, "When I hear the word culture I reach for my gun." From Hanns Johst's biographical play ''Schlageter''. The original line is slightly different: "Wenn ich Kultur höre ... entsichere ich meinen Browning," "Whenever I hear of culture... I release the safety-catch of my Browning!" (Act 1, Scene 1). It is spoken by another character in conversation with the young Schlageter. In the scene Schlageter and his wartime comrade Friedrich Thiemann are studying for a college examination, but then start disputing whether it's worthwhile doing so when the nation is not free.

The line is often misattributed to better-known Nazis and others [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanns_Johst].

'''not unambiguous''' 
Ie, ambiguous.

'''''rastaquoueres''''' 
8???

'''de Decker''' 
In Dutch/Flemish, the name means "roofer." (''De'' in these names almost never means "of, from" as in French; it's nearly always the definite article.)

==Page 541==

'''''bobbejaan''''' 
???

'''MKIV/ODC... Mark Four''' 
???

'''your remit''' 
???

'''''gatkruiper''''' 
Dutch/Flemish: brownnose, ass-kisser.

'''one on her wrist''' 
???

'''over the day''' 
Title motif?

==Page 542==

'''trans-horizontic''' 
???

'''Edmund Whittaker''' 
The Sir Edmund Whittaker Memorial Prize is awarded every four years by the Edinburgh Mathematical Society to an outstanding young mathematician having a specified connection with Scotland [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Whittaker_Memorial_Prize].

'''foaming louche''' 
???

'''cheval-glass''' 
Standing mirror in a freestanding vertical frame.

'''as if someone''' 
Sound-cancelling vs opacity-cancelling?

==Page 543==

'''monitory''' 
Admonitory.

'''He Who Must Come''' 
???

'''General Boulanger''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Boulanger Georges Boulanger], French War Minister urging an attack on Germany

'''what death and what transfiguration''' 
Allusion to Richard Strauss' tone poem "Death and Transfiguration" (''Tod und Verklärung''), premiered in 1890.

'''''"Zeker"''''' 
Dutch, "certainly"

'''''dead cert''''' 
Dead certainty, sure thing.

'''Von Schlieffen''' 
Alfred von Schlieffen was the author of a German war plan to win a two-front war against both France and Russia by quickly defeating France before Russian troops could be mobilized. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_Plan Schlieffen Plan] included an attack on France through Belgium, disregarding its neutrality.

'''Wilhelm has offered Leopold part of France, the ancient Duchy of Burgundy''' 
[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr-bg.html History of the duchy.] [http://www.freiburg-madison.de/freiburg_history/1386-1517_The%20Early%20Habsburgs.htm Map,] with portrait of Duke Charles the Rash.

'''lowlands''' 
Title of Pynchon's first published story. Here, ass?

==Page 544==

'''Place d'Armes''' 
Main square of Ostend; literally "drill field".

'''peau de soie''' 
"Skin of silk" A heavy, smooth satin with very fine ribbing; somewhat dull in sheen compared with traditional silk finishes.

'''Krafft-Ebing''' 
Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing, Austro-German psychiatrist and author of ''Psychopathia Sexualis'' (1886), a pioneering study of deviant sexual behavior and fetishism. Coined both ''sadism'' and ''masochism'' as terms for these respective behaviors. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Freiherr_von_Krafft-Ebing Wikipedia entry].

'''toque''' 
A chef's hat

'''guipure''' 
???

'''midinette''' 
???

'''sous''' 
??? 
coins. Originally Roman gold coins, latterly any kind of coin.

'''mayonnaise''' 
Brautigan's "Trout Fishing in America" famously ends with the word mayonnaise. [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0395500761&id=rbEjDovfyNMC&pg=RA2-PA111&lpg=RA2-PA111&ots=ELKl5b_6Tx&dq=mayonnaise+trout.fishing&num=100&sig=BiyXRqJXRGrMWbrBNgn8de2kpCo#PRA2-PA112,M1 GoogleBooks]

'''ovoöleaginous''' 
Another Pynchonic word combination, here denoting the two main ingredients of mayonnaise: 1) eggs, and 2) oil. It's not "fecoventilatory collision" as seen in "Vineland," but it's nice.

'''Grenache''' 
??? 
Grape commonly used in Rhone Valley wines e.g. Chateauneuf du Pape.

'''Chantilly''' 
??? 
Region north of Paris.

'''attainder''' 
Legislative act declaring that a person is guilty of a crime and setting punishment without the benefit of a formal trial. The Constitution forbids the federal government (Article I, Section 9, clause 3) and the state governments (Article I, Section 10, clause 1) from passing bills of attainder.
[www.historycentral.com/Civics/B.html]

''''''Aux armes, citoyens'''''' 
Not "Le Marseillaise," you nitwit!

'''Louis XV''' 
King of France 1715-1774 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XV].

'''Cléo de Mérode''' 
Glamorous French ballerina, later Follies Bergere dancer and famous beauty. Her reputed intimacy with King Leopold was only a rumor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleo_de_Merode].

'''marquise de Pompadour''' 
Mistress of Louis XV,once friend of Voltaire and a power behind official scenes.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour].

==Page 545==

'''dubious 'victory' in 1756''' 
???

'''the ill-fated Admiral Byng''' 
John Byng, convicted by court-martial of failure "to do his utmost" in the battle, shot in 1757. Remembered because of (1) his being the last officer of flag rank to be put to death for conduct in battle and (2) Voltaire's gag in ''Candide:'' "In this country it is good to kill an admiral from time to time in order to encourage the others."

'''cantharides''' 
"Spanish fly," contact irritant sometimes ill-advisedly used as aphrodisiac.

'''Sadean''' 
Pertaining to the Marquis de Sade. The acts the chef performs on the egg and oil have the same names as acts of Sadean sex.

'''vetiver''' 
A grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) of tropical India, cultivated for its aromatic roots that yield an oil used in perfumery.
[www.answers.com/topic/vetiver]. So, a perfume with, llterallly, roots in India.

'''pip''' 
A beaut; in current parlance, a hottie.

'''Q.P. system''' 
Quaternion Probability, p?.

'''Usine Régionale''' 
French: as translated in the text.

==Page 546==

'''disjunctive effects of thunderstorms''' 
Folk wisdom says a thunderstorm will cause mayonnaise to separate (oil from yolks).

'''lounge suit''' 
???

'''congress shoes''' 
???

'''dripping-heads''' 
???

'''''cuves d'agitation''''' 
???

'''Clinique d'Urgence pour Sauvetage des Sauces''' 
French: Emergency Clinic for Salvage of Sauces.

==Page 547==

'''''Cazzo, cretino''''' 
Literally, "Dick, cretin." ''Cazzo'' is a common Italian interjectionary obscenity, especially in the south. "Cazzo, cretino," is akin to someone saying, "Well shit, dummy," or "F-ing moron!"

'''''È il cowboy!''''' 
Italian: It's the cowboy!

'''''Le bambole anarchiste, porca miseria''''' 
Italian: Anarchist babes, oh boy.

'''Oudenberg''' 
???

'''Quai de l'Entrepôt''' 
???

'''''ragazzi''''' 
Italian: boys, guys.

==Page 548==

'''''timbres fictifs''''' 
French: fictive postage stamps. Cf "Lot 49".

'''"IIIb"''' 
As explained in the text

'''Germany might stand a better chance...''' 
That is, if the French were to push into Alsace (per Boulanger) as the Germans executed the Schlieffen Plan [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_plan] for the encirclement of Paris, it would put the French at an even greater disadvantage...as actually happened in 1914. Had the Belgians and British not delayed the Germans in Flanders, and had the French railroads not performed speedily to bring the French troops back to the Marne, World War I could have had a very different outcome...an alternate history.

'''revanchist''' 
Policies based on revenge, or a person following such policies. In General Boulanger's case, revenge against Germany for the Franco-Prussian War (that is, retaking Alsace, lost in 1871).

'''the somewhat discomposed General''' 
Having died in 1891, the General by the time of the action is certainly somewhat '''de'''composed; brief biographies do not suggest he was ''non compos mentis,'' that is, mentally discomposed.

==Page 549==

'''cackled Darby''' 
(When did he lose his innocence?)

'''a modification of any salsician metaphor toward the diminutive''' 
Salsician: pertaining to sausage. Lindsay says Suckling's penis is better compared to a wiener than a knockwurst.

'''"Why you little–and I do mean 'little'–"''' 
Another Simpsons reference?

'''dunes between Nieuport and Dunkirk''' 
???

'''power-receivers''' 
Not information, energy.

==Page 550==

'''Italian grotto''' 
???

'''a highly developed taste, moreover, for human blood''' 
Since Pugnax developed this taste in the Carpathians, home of Castle Dracula, this seems a clear reference to Bram Stoker's novel.

'''Carpathians''' 
Major mountain range running northwest-southeast through Poland, Slovakia, western Ukraine and Romania.

'''Uhlans''' 
Uhlan regiments belonged to the light cavalry. They wore splendid uniforms (model for some U.S. marching band uniforms). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhlan Wikipedia article.]

'''Temesvár''' 
Now Timişoara, extreme western Romania.

==Page 551==

'''...separated by only a slice of Time...''' 
Miles is beginning to experience Time almost as a spatial dimension, his personal vector as traversing (!) 4-dimensional space, or perhaps multidimensional space, the mathematics for which is being debated in Ostend.

'''securing the mess decks''' 
The Chums follow U.S. Navy idiom in orders (frequently prefixed with "Now") and shipboard activities ("secure" meaning "whatever you did before, undo it now," in this case put away the dishes and fold up the tables).

'''Ryder Thorn''' 
Tolkienesque name?

'''He was at Candlebrow.''' 
Presumably a 'trespasser.'

'''the four-note chord in the context of timelessness''' 
A melody is formed by notes following one another in time; a chord on the ukulele violates that practice by having all the notes sound at once. A really clever little passage.

==Page 552==

'''knuckle-duster''' 
Brass knuckles.

'''Diksmuide''' 
20 kilometers south of Ostend (about halfway to Ypres).

==Page 553==

'''The terrain was flat...lowlands''' 
Not, this time, a reference to Pynchon's ''Lowlands'', but to the two-dimensionality of Flanders, as in Edwin A. Abbott's ''Flatland'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatland]; most humans, like the inhabitants of Flanders and Abbott's Flatlanders, experience life in two dimensions.

'''Somewhere up in the sky was Miles' home...''' 
Whereas Miles and the Chums of Chance, in contrast, live in three dimensions. The mathematicians gathered in Ostend are trying to calculate how to experience and use vectors to live in four dimensions; in a way, to experience Time as a kind of spatial dimension. Miles, on P. 551, is demonstrating the beginnings of an intuitive discovery of how to experience Time as an almost spatial dimension. Which would be a sort of "time travel", or at least an expanded view of life and history.

'''retted''' 
???

==Page 554==

'''Ypres and Menin''' 
Municipalities in West Flanders that were sites of some of the bloodiest battles of WWI. At the beginning of the war, the British and Belgian stand helped save Paris from encirclement by the Germans, and saved the Channel ports, but as Thorn points out, the area became the western anchor of the Western Front trench system. The several Battles of Ypres saw the first uses of poison gas (Mustard Gas, dichlorodiethylsulfide, was first called Yperite), the use of enormous mines, and the legendary mud of Passchendaele [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passchendaele].

'''Ten years from now''' 
(1914?) through 1918? and beyond?. Another paramorphic mirror--what do we now face. Whatever it is, it is nuclear.

'''Bosch''' 
Hieronymous Bosch (1450-1516), Dutch painter of nightmares. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronymus_Bosch Wikipedia entry].

'''Brueghel''' 
Pieter Brueghel the Elder(1525-1569), Flemish painter.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Brueghel_the_Elder Wikipedia entry].

'''League''' 
League of Nations? The League of Nations was formed after WWI to prevent future wars. Didn't succeed.

'''where the needles went and which way to rotate them''' 
I.e., how to push Thorn's buttons; the image is from acupuncture.

==Page 555==

'''simpletons at the fair''' 
Making Pynchon's metaphor explicit.

'''Chopin E-minor Nocturne''' 
???

'''owl-light''' 
???

''''plasmic hysteresis'''' 
???

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 489-524

2007-01-21T17:06:58Z

Tommaso: /* Page 524 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 489==

'''stage left or audience left?''' 
A theater has two directions called left. "Stage left" is to the left of the performers as they face the audience. "House left" or "audience left" is to the left of an audience member facing the stage.

'''desolate sighs''' 
(They're not gay?)

'''Apostlet''' 
???

'''Cyprian Latewood''' 
Possibly named after third-century Saint Cyprian, during his lifetime made Bishop of Carthage and eventually martyred under a Valerian persecution of Christians. Saint Cyprian is notable for having ordered his executioner to be paid twenty-five pieces of gold, then having stripped himself of clothes and awaiting, in prayer, his beheading. There are a number of thematic resonances between Pynchon's Cyrian and the biblical one; notably their primary characterization as men of submission and servitude. Additionally, etymologically, 'cyprian' signifies both ''Aphrodite-worshiper'' and ''prostitute''. [[User:Bean|remy]] 07:33, 29 December 2006 (PST)

'''sod''' 
Not simply the term for a disagreeable person but specifically a homosexual; short for ''sodomite.''

'''Eastern wog''' 
Cf p222.

'''The German Sea''' 
A public house; the name occurs again with a different meaning at the end of this chapter.

'''sub-Clerkenwell''' 
???

'''annoyance''' 
(Why?)

==Page 490==

'''gyps''' 
Servants who do housekeeping chores for students living in college.

Also possibly gypsies. But context points to people ''in'' the colleges, which pretty well rules out Gypsies. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 07:00, 11 January 2007 (PST)

'''Byron's Pool''' 
???

'''"Div!"''' 
???

'''"Whizzo!"''' 
An early-twentieth century English slang expression of delight.

'''''"That'' is that of which ''I'' speak!"''' 
prob. homosexuality. cf. "I am the Love that dare not speak its name." -- Lord Alfred Douglas's poem 'Two Loves' in ''Chameleon'' ca. 1896.

Made more famous as an utterance by Oscar Wilde during his trial for sodomy. His response: '"The Love that dare not speak its name" in this century is such a great affection of an elder for a younger man as there was between David and Jonathan, such as Plato made the very basis of his philosophy, and such as you find in the sonnets of Michelangelo and Shakespeare.[...]. It is intellectual, and it repeatedly exists between an elder and a younger man, when the elder man has intellect, and the younger man has all the joy, hope and glamour of life before him."

: This seems wrong, given the typical Pynchon scene of males ogling/desiring women. There is no homosexuality invloved with these guys
but a "'range' [again] of remarks" and 'all-night rhapsodizing' over the beauty of naked women. This line "That, etc." seems more likely a comic spin on a famous line which we know Pynchon has alluded to before [V.]: Wittgenstein's "whereof I can not speak, thereof I must remain silent" from the Tractatus. He could NOT not speak of their nakedness.

A rendition of ''That's what I'mtalkinabout!''

This whole scene is reminiscent, perhaps, of the biblically famous Susannah and the Elders, where she, too, is watched appreciatively bathing. Wallace Stevens, among others, has a famous poem about it.

'''Cloisters Court''' 

Cloisters Court, part of Girton College, Cambridge University.

'''King's''' 
King's College, Cambridge University. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:22, 8 January 2007 (PST)

'''Queen Anne's Gate''' 

Some part of the British Home Office is, or was, located in the London (Westminster) street named Queen Anne's Gate. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:22, 8 January 2007 (PST)

'''Newnham''' 
An all-women's college at Cambridge, founded in 1871.

'''Wrangleresses''' 
Made-up: top female Math Scholars at Cambridge. Top students were called Wranglers, all male at this time. "Cambridge University and within it of the Mathematics Tripos, the competitive graduation examination process that ranked candidates in order of “Wrangler”" ...

'''Phillippa Fawcett''' 
???

'''Grace Chisolm and Will Young''' 
???

'''nautch-girl''' 
notch-girl? A woman who could 'notch' a lot of men?

An exotic dancer, more or less. This whole phrase "nautch-girl extravagance of looks and self-possession" refers to the sense of dominance the stripper feels over the yawps in the audience.

'''socio-acrobatic aggrandizement''' 
'social climbing'

'''''opium beer''''' 
laudanum?, if not literally.

'''duc de Richelieu''' 
Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (September 9, 1585 – December 4, 1642), was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman.

Consecrated as a bishop in 1607, he later entered politics, becoming a Secretary of State in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Church and the state, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642;
from Wikipedia.

'''Line and staff''' 
Cyprian's father sees his profession in the City as analogous to the profession of arms. Officers in the British and most other armies of the time were classified as "line," those commanding troops, and "staff," those performing administrative and planning functions.

==Page 491==

'''the City''' 
Major banks and other big-money institutions are located in the City of London, a fairly small subset of Metropolitan London.

'''can't ''ever'' tell''' 
Dog-eat-dog capitalism?

'''Reginald "Ratty" McHugh''' 

'''"fifteen years later'''
Reginald nodded appreciatively FIFTEEN YEARS OR SO LATER?...What is going
on here time-wise?

'''one more flag''' 
IE, his father's wallpaper brand.

'''Balkan Sobranies''' 
An upscale brand of cigarette.

'''lilies-and-lassitude humor of the '90s''' 
Cult of Oscar Wilde?
Aubrey Beardsley and the pre-Raphaelites?

'''table d'hôte''' 
French: host's table. In a restaurant, a meal chosen by the management, no substitutions please. If the appetizer is shrimp and you don't like shrimp, then don't eat the appetizer.

'''Very well, I contradict myself.''' 
Walt Whitman allusion. See Leaves of Grass. Next line in ADT affirms this.

==Page 492==

'''divine... prosaic''' 
(Walt was of course prosaic himself before he became divine.)

'''xanthocroid''' 
Prefix xantho- is from Greek and means yellow. Does the whole word mean "yellow-haired"?

'''Capsheaf''' 
Is this a third speaker, or another name for Ratty?

'''viva''' 
Slangy short form of ''viva voce,'' an oral examination.

'''Crayke''' 
???

'''''D'accord''''' 
French: right, OK.

'''reputation for viciousness''' 
???

'''croft''' 
Farm.

'''Mavis Grind''' 
???

'''orthopædic journals''' 
???

'''Dymphna''' 
After [http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/saintd01.htm St. Dymphna,] whose intercession is effective against insanity, possession and epilepsy.

'''decks full of hearts''' 
(52 or 13 per deck?)

==Page 493==

'''Thucydides... remind me''' 
Thucydides' book is an account of the Peloponnesian war, organized in a rather difficult method in which all the actions of one season are described before proceeding to the next. Here are some erotic possibilities in it, however: 
-Pericles, in his famous funeral oration, says the citizen ought to have an eros for the city. 
-At one point some Athenians are lured out of a garrison by way of a gymnastic (that is male, nude) demonstration. 
-On the eve of the fateful Sicilian expedition, all the oversized phalloi of the hermes are mysteriously knocked off. One of the generals on the expedition, Alcibiades, is accused of the offense and is eventually called called back. In Plato's Symposium Alcibiades drunkenly crashes the party and confesses that Socrates has consistently spurned his sexual advances.

In this context, Thucydides is proposed specifically for its non-erotic qualities. Indeed it is hard to imagine a less erotic work. It is suggested for Cyprian Latewood to help him get over his infatuation with Yashmeen.

'''McHugh''' 
Talking to self?

'''alfresceehwh''' 
An alfresco, an outdoor gathering. ''-eehwh'' is a rendering of the accent for comic effect.

'''Lorelei, Noellyn, and Faun''' 
Lorelei, more frequently "Loreley": In a famous German myth, a mermaid sitting on a rock by the river Rhine. The rock itself is also named Loreley. With her song, she bewitches the captains of passing ships, who then steer into the rock. The syllable "Ley" derives from a Celtic word for "stone".

Faun: Faunus, the Roman god of fertility, also responsible for nightmares. Fauns are also the Romans counterparts of the Greek "satyrs", followers of Dionysos. Faunus is playing a flute, another connection to music.

Noellyn ??

'''"all blonde, of course"''' 
with all the Germanic mythology around here, possibly a reference to the "blonde/blue-eyed"-cliche of German women.

'''High Albedo''' 
Albedo: power of reflecting light. Blondes reflect more light than brunettes.

'''"dark rock...again and again"''' 
cf "Lorelei"

'''Pinky''' 
Nicknames opposite of truth?

''''''sans merci'''''' 
a reference to Keats's 19th century Romantic ballad 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci'. The lady of the title entraps men by making them fall in love with her and abandoning them.

==Page 494==

'''wrong altar''' 
She, a lesbian, tells him that he 'worships' a woman who is wrong for him.

'''gnomic tenses''' 
Gnomic = marked by aphorisms; aphoristic...'gnomic verse, a gnomic style".
American Heritage Dictionary.

'''circs''' 
Short form (typically British): circumstances.

''''If she's not content with a vegetable love'''' 
a reference to Marvell's seventeenth century poem 'To His Coy Mistress'. "Vegetable love" refers to the slow, slow way he would let his love grow, to become "vaster than empires and more slow" had they "world enough and time", but since they don't, since they are in human time, he is trying to 'convince' her to make love with him now.

'''Rugby blue''' 
To be a 'Rugby blue' means to have represented Oxford (colour: dark blue) or Cambridge (light blue) at Rugby, which is a major European sport, invented, supposedly, at Rugby school in England in the nineteenth century.

'''Mâconnais''' 
This refers to a bargain sub-Burgundian wine that comes from the Macon region of France.

'''George Grossmith...and that jolly Weedon''' 

George and Weedon Grossmith, authors of the sublime, hillarious 'Diary of a Nobody', which gave the world the adjective 'pooterish'. Undoubtedly an influence on Pynchon's depictions of the 'oh dear' side of Englishness. Pooter is a 'nobody' who decides to publish his diaries, even though he is of no interest and nothing of any note occurs. A prototypical blogger, some might suggest. Originally published in Punch magazine (I think), set in late 19th Century. Don't know if the Grossmiths went to Cambridge, will check....

The elder George Grossmith performed in Gilbert and Sullivan works. He was not university-educated. The younger G.G. was also a noted performer and collaborated with P.G. Wodehouse.

[plenty of info here: http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/english/DON/Diary_Home.htm]

==Page 495==

'''Junior or Senior?''' 
expressions used at traditional English (independent) schools to refer to younger and older brothers. Thus Smith Junior or Smith Senior.

See Grossmith entry on preceding page.

'''"Small hands, some evidence of early trauma, cp. Wilhelm II file"''' 
Wilhelm II suffered an injury at birth and had a withered arm. All his photographs show him with the "small hand" in his pocket.

Wikipedia: William II, German Emperor
Reign 1888-1918
Born 27 January 1859
Berlin, Germany
Died 4 June 1941
Doorn, Netherlands
Predecessor Frederick III
Successor None (monarchy abolished)

Royal House House of Hohenzollern
William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Victor) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.

The role of William II in German history is sometimes a controversial issue in historical scholarship. Initially seen as an important, but embarrassing figure in German history until the late 1950s, for many years after that, the dominant view was that he had little or no influence on German policy leading up to the First World War. This has been challenged since the late 1970s, particularly by Professor John C. G. Röhl who saw William II as the key figure in understanding the recklessness and subsequent downfall of Imperial Germany.[1]

more Pynchon and Germany.

'''"Map of the World"''' 
???

'''Newmarket''' 
A famous English race-course, hence the following reference to the 'racing season'.

'''Morse and Vassilev''' 
???

'''East Rumelian''' 
Rumelia was a Turkish province in the Balkan Peninsula. East Rumelia lay mostly in what is now Bulgaria. (Cf. P.356 and note to P.356).

'''''zadruga''''' 
Bulgarian: labor cooperative.

'''''tchifliks''''' 
Bulgarian: farms.

'''''gradinarski druzhini''''' 
Bulgarian: gardening (or farming?) associations.

'''gossamer''' 
Pynchon draws him as 'wet' as possible?

==Page 496==

'''sod... pouffe''' 
Derogatory terms for homosexual ("sod" from "sodomite").

'''failed canards''' 
Discredited rumors.

'''Lent... Easter... Long Vacation''' 
???

'''Colonial Office''' 
??? 
Defunct British Ministry, later Foreign & Colonial Office, now Foreign & Commonwealth Office.

'''Okhrana''' 
a secret police force of the Russian Empire and part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhrana Wikipedia Entry]

'''Ballhausplatz''' 
Location of the Austrian State Chancellery and Foreign Ministry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballhausplatz Wikipedia Entry]

'''Wilhelmstrasse''' 
Administrative Center of the Kingdom of Prussia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmstrasse Wikipedia Entry]

'''G.F.B. Riemann''' 
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann. A German mathematician who did extensive work in differential geometry. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Riemann/ Wikipedia Entry]

'''Zeta function... conjecture''' 
The Riemann zeta function. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function/ Wikipedia Entry]

''''joint'''' 
Opium den.

'''Bob's your uncle''' 
An English and Commonwealth expression referring to the ease with which something can be done. Still used, though probably more common in the time in which ''Against the Day'' is set. Possible [http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/70100.html derivations].

'''Limehouse''' 
An area of East London that borders on the River Thames near the Isle of Dogs. The name may derive from the fact that sailors were about as this was a point of embarkation for sea journeys. In the late 19th century the area was famous for opium dens [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limehouse Wikipedia].

==Page 497==

'''excess''' 
(So not wholly gossamer?)

'''Coronation Red''' 
???

'''Ranji and C.B. Fry''' 
Two notable cricketers who would have been in their prime when the novel is set. Both played for England. 'Ranji' is short for Ranjitsinhji and is how he was familiarly known.

'''Australian season''' 
A reference to the Australian cricket season which runs throughout their summer and the Eurpopean winter.

'''New Court''' 
???

'''Tavernier-Gravet slide rules''' 
French-made, some with special scales (slope conversions, etc.). [http://discover.com/issues/aug-03/features/featslide/ Photograph.]

'''High Church''' 
Anglican

'''Mags and Nuncs and Matins responsories''' 
A responsory is a form of (Christian) chant (call and response, perhaps), which is here qualified by Latin designations for specific prayers. 
Nunc = Now. 
Matin = Morning.

'''not Zion''' 
???

'''Compline hour''' 
??? 
bedtime. Compline is the last prayers or service of the day.

'''Te Deum''' 
Te Deum = To God (Latin).

'''Khaki Election''' 
???

'''Filtham''' 
???

==Page 498==

'''violation of . . . child-labor statutes''' 
If such laws applied to children in the choirs of Cambridge colleges, the great length of the composition would keep them at work too many hours.

'''chromaticism... Richard Strauss''' 
???

'''Staindrop''' 
???

'''"Filtham's Tedium"''' 
(Talk about overlabored puns...)

'''dress regulations''' 
???

'''Gauss''' 
Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician in the late 18th and early 19th centuries [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss Wikipedia]. Riemann was a student of his.

'''Ramanujan''' 
Famous Cambridge mathematician..Poor savant from India invited to Cambridge by G.H. Hardy after he wrote him a letter asking abstruse mathematical questions

'''revisited, in some way 'relighted' the scene''' 
Light, mental light.

'''display of hurt feelings''' 
Cf p30.

==Page 499==

'''light up''' 
Dark world vs spark of value.

'''ζ-function''' 
Another reference to the Riemann zeta function.

'''Hilbert thinks of nothing else''' 
???

'''desire... of rather a specialized sort''' 
???

'''Great Eastern''' 
Railway linking Cambridge and London.

==Page 500==

'''Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia''' 
Sofia Kovalevskaia was the first woman to apply for a mathematics degree at the University of Goettingen in Germany. She was not accepted at the university, but was allowed to tutor under one of the university's math professors. She wrote a paper there that became an important part of the theory of differential equations.

'''sounds like maths''' 
Yashmeen seems to see 'maths' as otherwordly.

'''folio''' 
an edition of a book in pages that fold in half to make the leaves of a codex.

'''four-color chromolithograph''' 
Chromo--in Chemistry, chromium

'''Snazzbury''' 
???

'''Silent Frock''' 
Cf noise-canceling headphones.

'''toilette''' 
No longer in use in modern english, the term 'toilette' indicated a dressing table covered to the floor with cloth (toile) and lace, on which stood a dressing glass, which might also be draped in lace. Wikipedia

It's still used, and in addition to the dressing table meaning, it refers to how somebody is "got up"--dress, makeup and all.

==Page 501==

'''green, white, and mauve stripes''' 
Colors associated with the Suffragette Movement of the time.Diane Atkinson, one of the leading contemporary scholars on the suffrage movement, edited a book, Suffragettes in the Purple, White, and Green London 1906-1914, which served as a catalog at an exhibition of suffrage memorabilia at the Museum of London and which discusses the symbolism. Atkinson notes that the color scheme was devised by Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence, treasurer and co-editor of the weekly newspaper Votes for Women. In the spring 1908 issue of that paper, Pethick-Lawrence explained the symbolism of the colors:

"Purple as everyone knows is the royal colour. It stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of every suffragette, the instinct of freedom and dignity...white stands for purity in private and public life...green is the colour of hope and the emblem of spring."

'''black crepon''' 
The shell is made of black rayon crepon and fully lined to within 2" of bottom hem. From a description of a black [nursing] dress online.

'''Italian-cloth''' 
The Champagne fairs were a circuit of six cloth fairs in the towns of Champagne and Brie, changing location every two months and spanning the year from January to October. At their height, in the 13th century, the Champagne fairs linked the cloth-producing cities of the Low Countries with the Italian dyeing and exporting centers. The fairs, which were already well-organized at the start of the century, were one of the earliest manifestations of a linked European economy, a characteristic of the High Middle Ages.

The towns provided huge warehouses, still to be seen at Provins. From the north came woolens and linen cloth. Wikipedia.

==Page 502==

'''modern lettering''' 
Refers to Art Nouveau lettering popular at the turn of the 20th century and still commonly used on entrance signs for Paris metro stations.

'''"a kind of helical ramp"''' 
Possibly a reference to the Riemann Sphere, which is built in large part upon complex numbers and which look something like a helix. 
[[Image:Riemann Sphere.jpg]]

'''L'ARIMEAUX ET QUEURLIS''' 
Larry, Moe, and Curly's

'''twilling''' 
Twill = A fabric with diagonal parallel ribs. 2. The weave used to produce such a fabric.
TRANSITIVE VERB: Inflected forms: twilled, twill·ing, twills
To weave (cloth) so as to produce a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs. From The American Heritage Dictionary

==Page 503==

'''Earl's Court Wheel''' 
Earl's Court is an area of London. A Ferris Wheel there.

Another "paramorphic" parallel to our time: The London Eye, a huge Ferris Wheel built for the Millenium Exposition of 2000. The trip around is not, as Yasmeen notes, thermodynamically reversible, since one would be "changed forever" in the course of the journey around the wheel (in the Heraclitean sense that "No man steps in the same river twice"--the river changes.) 
This is the connection between entropy in thermodynamics and entropy in information theory, embodied in Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon], at the center of Pynchon's ''Crying of Lot 49'', now back as a problem in non-Euclidean geometries and multiple dimensions.

'''whelks''' 
A whelk is a large marine gastropod (snail) found in temperate waters.

'''Chinese Turkestan railway shares''' 
Chinese Turkestan is where the Chums of Chance are currently, in the sub-desertine vehicle.

'''jellied eel''' 
An East End of London delicacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellied_eels Wikipedia]

'''West Ham, the Park, Upton Lane, lads all in claret and blue''' 
The "lads in claret and blue" are kicking a football around, as they are players of current Premiership side West Ham United. Founded in 1895, the "Hammers" are playing their home games at Boleyn Ground aka "Upton Park". Yep, soccer.

'''lupine liminality''' 
Latin: lupus = wolf, limen = threshold. Allusion to the proverbial wolf at the door.

Lupine = any of a genus (Lupinus) of leguminous herbs including some poisonous forms and others cultivated for their long showy racemes of usually blue, purple, white, or yellow flowers or for green manure, fodder, or their edible seeds; also : an edible lupine seed.

The liminal state is characterized by ambiguity, openness, and indeterminacy. One's sense of identity dissolves to some extent, bringing about disorientation. Liminality is a period of transition, during which your normal limits to thought, self-understanding, and behavior are relaxed, opening the way to something new.

'''hydrangeas''' 
a kind of flower. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrangea Wikipedia]

'''Hardy,''' 
Cf. p. 239. G.H. (Godfrey Harold) Hardy (1877-1947),famous Cambridge mathematician [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._H._Hardy Wikipedia]. He wrote "A Mathematician's Apology" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Mathematician%27s_Apology Wikipedia] [http://www.math.ualberta.ca/~mss/books/A%20Mathematician's%20Apology.pdf Full Text]. Knew all the most famous intellectuals and was
himself very influential.

==Page 504==

'''Harwich... German Sea''' 
Harwich is a town in Essex, England, located on the coast with the North Sea to the east.The North Sea historically also known as the German Ocean. By the late nineteenth century, German Sea was a rare, scholarly usage ...

"The German Sea" is also a public house (p. 489).

'''Hook of Holland''' 
Hoek van Holland in the Netherlands. It is not a hook but the southwest ''corner'' of South-Holland province (Dutch ''hoek'' = corner).

'''madhouse at Osnabrück''' 
OSNABRUCK, a town and episcopal see of Germany, in the Prussian province of Hanover, situated on the Hase, 70 m. W. of the city of Hanover, 31 m. by rail N.E. of Munster, and at the junction of the lines Hamburg-Cologne and BerlinAmsterdam. Pop. (1905) 59,5 80. The lunatic asylum occupies a former nunnery.

==Page 505==

'''plug hats''' 
a plug hat may be a top hat or a bowler hat.

'''Cobh''' 
the historic port town of Cobh Ireland. Many ocean liners sailed from there, including the Titanic... the port of Queenstown (now known as Cobh)

==Page 506==

'''Euclid''' 
Avenue of classy mansions in Cleveland

'''elms in Cleveland''' 
(Before Dutch elm disease?)

'''went on for years''' 
the Krakatoa eruption put dust and ashes aloft for years.

'''Shorty''' 
the 'short-order' cook?

==Page 507==

'''how little I cared''' 
(Blaming Krakatoa???)Seems to me she is saying that her feelings for Bert faded, as everything was, maybe, supposed to, as had the fantastic sunsets
caused by Krakatoa when they got back to ordinary.

'''palm upward''' 
???

'''Prospect Avenue''' 
???

'''leaf-spring suspension''' 
??? 
A form of suspension for wheeled vehicles. Still very occasionally used in automobiles, but more likely nowadays to be seen on a perambulator. Named for shape of the suspension coils.

'''overrun''' 
the excess kerosene when made.

'''Flats''' 
lands around the Cuyahoga River.

==Page 508==

'''Cuyahoga''' 
Major river in Ohio that goes around Cleveland. Famous in the 60's for literally catching on fire from the combustible pollutants in it. Here, Pynchon shows that industrial pollution and its effect on the river. "It's like looking down into the sky".

'''your exact face''' 
(How common?)

'''allow Erlys do''' 
typo in first edition.

==Page 509==

'''descending minor triad''' 
in music, an interval of three half tones.

'''Svengali''' 
In George Du Maurier's novel ''Trilby'' (1894), the hypnotist who makes the title character a great singer but keeps her under rigorous control.

'''tea roses''' 
Yellow-orange roses.

'''cosmos''' 
???

==Page 510==

'''first momentous glance''' 
Page 349 only?

'''Elis''' 
Yale University students, called so after founder Eli Yale.

==Page 511==

'''preferring''' 
Cf Rose in "Titanic".

'''Root Tubsmith''' 
???

'''Fuchs, Schwarz... Frobenius''' 
Frobenius: German mathematician [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Georg_Frobenius], possibly important here for his contributions to Group Theory and to topology [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenius_theorem_%28differential_topology%29].

'''Professor Manning''' 
???

'''language difference''' 
Kit and Root both speak English, but in different mathematical dialects.

'''Marseilles''' 
Second largest city of France; Mediterannean port, legendarily corrupt.

'''species of tarantella''' 
Tarantella is a fast dance or dance tune in 6/8 time. Probably named for Taranto, not tarantula.

'''dreamed it''' 
(Page?)

'''Cigar Deck''' 
???

==Page 512==

'''how to stop looking''' 
Cf p27.

'''lobelias''' 
Plant or flower of the genus Lobelia. At least one member of the genus is blue (Blue Lobelia.

'''Victor Herbert''' 
Irish-born American composer (1859-1924) of songs, operettas, light classics.

'''Wolf-Ferrari''' 
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876-1948), born in Venice, composer of many extremely popular operas.

==Page 513==

'''1st Edition Typo''' 
"She smlled falsely"

'''Reuben''' 
A hick, as in the carnie's cry, "Hey, Rube".

==Page 515==

'''high-hatting''' 
Snubbing, cutting.

'''memories of desert plateau, mountian peaks...some unexpected river''' 
Instantly recognizable to anyone familiar with the back-country Rocky Mountains.
Cf also the description of the landscape Frank's riding through on page 394/395.

'''twenty-knot push''' 
The ship is making twenty knots (20 nautical miles per hour), hence generating a twenty knot wind toward the stern.

'''uncreated''' 
Featureless? ongoing present becoming the future as compared to his memories.

The watery void of Genesis, before creation of the land and life.

'''after 1914''' 
Still 10 years away.

'''S.M.S. ''Emperor Maximilian''''' 
S.M.S.: Seiner Majestäts Schiff, His Majesty's Ship (German or, as in this case, Austrian). One Habsburg Emperor Maximilian was set up in Mexico, then deposed and killed.

'''25,000-ton''' 
The ship's displacement (measure of its size).

'''dreadnoughts''' 
''HMS Dreadnought'' gave her name to a new philosophy that governed the design of capital ships beginning in the 1890s and continuing past the 1920s: high speed, heavy armor, heavy investment in the "main battery" and de-emphasis of secondary battery, main battery comprising the largest practicable guns mounted in turrets on the ship's centerline.

'''Slavonian''' 
Perhaps a deceptive name for the company; Slavonia was an inland province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, east of Croatia; Trieste would have beenin Slovenia.

'''Schultz-Thorneycroft''' 
???

'''Parsons turbines''' 
???

'''British men-o'-war''' 
Warships.

==Page 516==

'''shell-rooms-to-be and giant powder magazines''' 
''Stupendica'' contains spaces that will belong to ''Maximilian'' on her transformation. (Indeed, she must contain the shells and powder too.)

'''circular cabins''' 
A battleship turret extends several decks below the gunhouse. No doubt there were stacks of these circular cabins.

'''twelve-inch barrels''' 
Dreadnoughts progressed from 8-inch main guns to 12-inch in a couple of decades.

'''shelter deck''' 
???

'''to fold upward''' 
Transformer fashion.

'''casemates''' 
Turrets.

'''freeboard''' 
The amount of the ship above the water. You need a certain amount of freeboard to maintain balance, but battleships try to limit it as much as possible (so as to present a smaller target).

'''"Dazzle" camouflage''' 
Patterns as described in the text, meant to confuse enemy eyes. Camouflage techniques used in World War I were developed in part by magician Jasper Maskelyne, a descendant of the Astronomer Royal in ''Mason & Dixon.''

'''dihedrals''' 
A dihedral is the figure formed by two planes intersecting in a line. The bow of a ship is pretty close.

'''Fangsley''' 
???

'''less horizontally disposed''' 
less level

Passenger liner has as many decks as possible above waterline. Warship has as many as possible ''below'' waterline, hence it's "taller."

'''Lloyd Arsenale''' 
???

'''Stabilimento Tecnico''' 
Italian: technical establishment?

==Page 517==

'''''merged''''' 
Pynchon writes about bilocation in a peculiar sense: not necessarily one person being in two places, but one ''place'' being two (or one language being two, Dutch/Flemish, Serbian/Croatian).

'''Promontorio''' 
???

'''O.I.C. Bodine''' 
"Oh, I see" Bodine?. Cf. Pig Bodine from ''V.'', also ''GR'' and ''Mason & Dixon.''

O.I.C: Oiler-in-Chief?

'''fermented potato mash''' 
Cf Veikko's vodka p82.

'''four shafts''' 
Four propellers.

'''''Mauretania''''' 
HMS Mauretania, launched 1907, sister ship of the ill-fated Lusitania (the sinking of the latter propelled the US into WW I). Served as Cunard liner, troopship, hospital ship in WW I.

'''''Zu befehl, Herr Hauptheitzer''''' 
German: Ready for orders, Chief Stoker. (Should be ''Zu Befehl, Herr Hauptheizer.'')

'''Black Gang''' 
The stoking crew, turned black by coal dust.

'''Oberhauptheitzer''' 
German: Master Chief Stoker. (Should be: ''Oberhauptheizer.'')

'''Mannlicher''' 
German military pistol.

'''''"Dampf mehr!"''''' 
German for "more steam!" (Should be: ''Mehr Dampf!'')

'''singlet''' 
Undershirt.

==Page 518==

'''ignorant off''' 
Typo in First Edition.

'''Marconi room''' 
Radio shack.

'''design maximum of nine degrees''' 
''Maximilian'' will right herself from a nine-degree heel but may be in trouble if she leans over farther.

'''nymphs''' 
Stage in the life cycle of many insects, including the cockroach.

'''''"Porca miseria"''''' 
Italian: good grief, for heaven's sake, dammit.

==Page 519==

'''tight circle''' 
Military as inane as circus clowns.

'''southeast by east''' 
The compass rose has 32 points, each 11 and a quarter degrees from the next. Southeast by east is one point to the east of southeast, i.e., 123 and three-quarters degrees clockwise from north.

'''deeper levels''' 
(Eg particle vs wave?)

'''A "deeper level" where dualities are resolved''' 
Engine room is far below the main deck, therefore a deeper level. The ''Stupendica/Maximilian'' duality is resolved there because it's a shared space.

'''Chinese''' 
???

'''''nicht wahr''''' 
German: aint it true?

'''Graz''' 
Capital of the Austrian province of Styria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Wikipedia]

'''bilge-crab''' 
???

==Page 520==

'''a Teutonic''' 
Ethnically a German. Tiny dig at S. Weisenburger? The ''GR Companion'' uses this odd noun ("Teuton" is more obvious) in the gloss at V602.12-13.

'''Mulai Ahmed er-Raisuli''' 
Infamous Morrocan outlaw/warlord. From this [http://www.explorers.org/publications/books_club/imprint/housetears.php website]: "Several decades before Saddam Hussein, Osama bin Laden, and Islamic insurgents, an international crisis ignited between the United States and the Middle East. In May 1904 Moroccan warlord Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli kidnapped Ion Perdicaris, a wealthy Greek-American resident of Tangier, in an attempt to extort money from the Sultan of Morocco. President Theodore Roosevelt responded with his "big stick" approach to diplomacy by dispatching a squadron of seven battleships to the Moroccan coast with the order: "Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead." The nine-week standoff, with US troops and ships in Tangier Bay and Raisuli holding fort in the mountains, exposed the impotence of emerging American power and a critical misunderstanding about Moroccan politics. When it was discovered that Perdicaris was not an American citizen after all, the US government kept the embarrassing episode a secret until 1933. Profiting royally from the conflict, Raisuli built his palace, which he called the "House of Tears"." [http://www.capitalcentury.com/1904.html another source]

'''Agadir, Queen of the Iron Coast''' 
Agadir is a city in southwest Morocco, capital of the Souss-Massa-Dra region. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agadir Wikipedia] From the [http://www.jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/MOL_MOS/MOROCCO.html Encyclopedia Britannica]: "Sixty miles farther south lies Mogador, beyond which the coast becomes more and more inaccessible and dangerous in winter, being known to navigators as the " Iron Coast." From Cape Sim (Ras Tagriwalt), to m. south of Mogador, the direction is due south to Cape Ghir (Ighir Ufrani), the termination of Jebel Ida u Taman, a spur of the Atlas. Beyond this headland lies Agadir (Agadir Ighir), the Santa Cruz Mayor or Santa Cruz de Berberia
of the Spaniards, formerly known as the Gate of the Sudan.' It is a little town with white battlements three-quarters of a mile in circumference, on a steep eminence 600 ft. high." [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=AGADIR old postcards from Agadir]

'''''colonists''...justify German interests...shadow-colonists''' 
In July 1911, the german gunboat "Panther" approached the harbour of Agadir under the pretext to protect german citizens from Sus-tribesmen, resulting in the "Agadir-Crisis" and nearly triggering WW I three years early. As there were no german citizens to protect in Agadir, so one had to be dispatched from Mogador. [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/05/23/its_not_the_first_war_under_false_pretenses/ source]

'''...destined for plantation...''' 
Typo in First Edition.

'''Sus... Susi''' 
The Sous Basin [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souss Wikipedia] and it‘s inhabitants, probably.

'''Abdel Aziz''' 
Sultan of Morocco 1894-1908 (aged 10-24yrs.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelaziz_of_Morocco Wikipedia]

'''Canaries''' 
Canary Islands, about 80 miles off Morocco‘s Atlantic coast [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_islands Wikipedia]

'''Many would go crazy and set out in small boats...''' 
Another paramorpic mirror image of our century. The Canaries, a Spanish possession, are the goal of untold thousands of would-be African entrants to the EU, i.e. a route of illegal immigration.

'''Lübeck''' 
Lübeck is the second-largest city in Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck Wikipedia]

'''Berbers''' 
The Berbers (also called Amazigh people or Imazighen, "free men") are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. In actuality, Berber is a generic name given to numerous heterogeneous ethnic groups that share similar cultural, political, and economic practices. It is not a term originated by the group itself. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people Wikipedia]. Berbers of southwestern Morocco usually belong to the ones known as Chleuhs [http://c.1asphost.com/imazighen/chleuhs/algeria.htm pics]

==Page 521==

'''tree-climbing goats''' 
Can be seen often, esp. in Morocco [http://www.markhorrell.com/travel/morocco/antiatlas/goats3.html Pic]

'''argan trees''' 
The Argan (Argania spinosa, syn. A. sideroxylon Roem. & Schult.) is a species of tree endemic to the calcareous semi-desert Sous valley of southwestern
Morocco. It is the sole species in the genus Argania. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argan_tree Wikipedia]

'''Gnaoua''' 
The Gnawa or Gnaoua refers at once to a style of Moroccan music with sub-Saharan Africa origins or influence, an ethnic group and religious order at least in part descended from former slaves from Sub-Saharan Africa or black Africans migrated in caravans with the Trans-Saharan trade, or a combination of both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnawa Wikipedia] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/english/gallery/music/gnawa.html more on Gnaoua] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/french/galerie/musique/mp3/gnaoua.mp3 Gnaoua music sample mp3] [http://www.ibiblio.org/gnawastories/GNAWA%20STORIES20cDRIVE.swf nicely made site on Gnawa]

'''''mlouk gnaoui''''' 
Mlouk is the plural of melk, a supernatural entity envoked in the Gnawa rituals. Various types are known and they are distinguished by colors. The following is a google translation of the relevant paragraph from [http://www.bladi.net/2556-les-differents-aspects-de-la-culture-gnaouie.html this site]: "The mlouk are of male or female sex, Moslems or Jews. Their color corresponds to their origins. Thus one distinguishes the mlouks from the sea (bahriyin) to which one allots the light blue; the celestial ones (samaouiyin), have as a color dark blue; the mlouk of the forest (rijal el ghaba), originating in Africa, have as a color the black just like the mlouk pertaining to the troop of Sidi Mimoun, finally the red mlouk (Al homar), related to blood and which haunt the slaughter-houses, have as a color the red. The white and the green, colors symbols of Islam sunnite, are reserved to the called upon saints, in particular Moulay Abdelkader Jilali and Chorfa. To the female mlouk three colors are allotted: the yellow for the coquettery of Lala Reflected, the red for Lala Rkia for its capacity to cure the menorrhagia and the black for Lala Aïcha Kendisha because of its Sudanese origin. The Jewish mlouks which are sometimes called upon after the troop of the female mlouk have the black color. Incense fumigations of various perfumes accompany the invocations by these mlouks, with a preference however for the benzoin or jaoui."

'''Seigneurs Noirs''' 
French: Black Lords. According to the above translation, those most probably are jewish mlouks.

'''Bardo State''' 
Tibetan Bhuddist belief in a state between two mortal incarnations, during which one has direct perception of reality--for better or worse, Karmically speaking. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo]

'''Habsburg navy''' 
Austrian Navy

'''Mogador road''' 
Mogador" is a city and tourist resort in Morocco, near Marrakech on the Atlantic coast. (31°30′47″N)
Mogador is another name for Essaouira [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogador Wkipedia] north of Agadir. [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=MOGADOR old postcards Mogador]

'''Tawil Balak''' 
In the Liner Notes for the Album "Love Songs of Lebanon" [http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/trackdetail.aspx?itemid=29129 downloadable from this site] the song ''Tawil Balak Ya Habboub'' translates as "Patience, My Love" - Tawil Balak being the Patience part. (Thats one nice soundtrack, btw!)

"Tawil", according to web-searches, is arabic for "allegorical explanation/interpretation/exegese" (of the Qu‘ran and Sunna texts). "Balak" might refer to the according Tora reading (Parsah) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balak_%28parsha%29 Wikipedia]. cf. Balaam‘s Ass p. 432. Do the cosmopolitan regulars at the bar like Moises spend their time interpreting holy texts?

'''Rahman''' 
???

'''''Fomalhaut''''' 
The Maritime Digital Encyclopedia lists a "Dutch Vessel" named "Formalhaut" [http://www.ibiblio.org/maritime/photolibrary/displayimage.php?album=lastup&cat=688&pos=0 pic].

According to several websites [http://skytonight.com/news/3310401.html?showAll=y&c=y 1] [http://www.skyscript.co.uk/pis_aus.html 2] [http://www.icoproject.org/star.html 3] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomalhaut Wikipedia] etc. Fomalhaut is the 17th or 18th brightest star as seen from our planet and is located in the constellation called Pisces Austrinus (Southern Fish). The name derives from the Arabic Fum (or Fam) al-Hut, meaning "Mouth of the Fish" or according to a few web-resources the contributor has just visited, "Mouth of the Whale". The latter would mean its a strong connotation with the Biblical Legend of Jonah and the Whale (see annotations for this page below (not a spoiler, i hope).

Among most readers of Science-Fiction "Fomalhaut" is a location as common as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldebaran "Aldebaran"] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_%28constellation%29 "Cassiopeia"].

As per today (07 01 10) the Wikipedia-Entry on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon_Fomalhaut Demon Fomalhaut] is just a stub. According to most sites the contributor just visited, claiming credibility in the Book of Enoch [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Enoch Wikipedia] and due to some more non-canonical catergorizations, Fomalhaut seems to be a member of the infamous gang of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallen_angel Fallen Angels], a daredevil companero to Lucifer that is. This sub-summation in a hierarchy of angels might refer to some astrological/-nomical constellations of the star Fomalhaut as is.

As usual, with TP, we dont know for sure if theres some outlandish pun intended/-cluded in the name of a person or thing. What, to give variety to it, about a german compositive noun? Ger. "formal" = formal (like in formal behavior) + "haut" = skin; "Formal Skin".

'''Moïsés''' 
???

'''Jonah... Massa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonah Jonah Wikipedia Entry] [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/jonah/jonah.html "Jonah on the Web"] From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco website]: "Some 60 m. farther south (from Agadir), at the mouth of a river known by the same name, is the roadstead of Massa, with a mosque popularly reputed the scene of Jonah's restoration to terra firma."

==Page 522==

'''Two Fishes, two Jonahs, two Agadirs?''' 
The Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 mentions rabbinic literature regarding two fishes - one male, one female - having swallowed Jonah: check out the "fish" paragraph [http://72.14.221.104/search?q=cache:8_12F1Yp1YoJ:www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp%3Fartid%3D388%26letter%3DJ+jonah+encyclopedia&hl=de&gl=at&ct=clnk&cd=1 here]. Both Tarshish (Cadiz), the "Agadir" in southwestern Spain, and Agadir in Morocco likely were founded by the Phoenicians: "Cadiz bears a Phoenician name, a deformation of Gaddir (wall), which we find in the Berber city of Agadir in Morroco." [http://faculty.uml.edu/jgarreau/50.315/Europ1.htm source]

'''kashbah''' 
Wikipedia entries on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasbah Kasbah] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casbah Casbah] [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/AGADIR/agadir-la-casbah-vue-en-avion.jpg The Casbah of Agadir as seen from above]

'''Ighir Ufrani''' 
a.k.a Cape Ghir, a cape north of Agadir.

'''''Mogador herring''...''alimzah''...''tasargelt''''' 
From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco Morocco Entry]: "Occasionally a small shoal (of mackarel) may be found as far south as Mogador. Soles, turbot, bream, bass, conger eel and mullet are common along the coast, and southern Morocco is visited occasionally by shoals of a large fish called the azlimzah (sciaena aquila), rough scaled and resembling a cod, and the tasargelt (Temnodon saltator), the "blue fish" of North America. Crayfish, prawns, oysters and mussels swarm in the rocky places, but the natives have no proper method of catching them, and edible crabs seem unknown. The tunny, pilchard and sardine, and a kind of shad known as the "Mogador herring," all prove at times of practical importance."

azlimzah (sciaena aquila) [http://www.finerareprints.com/animals/histoire_naturelle/vol_hn_fish_4999.htm pic] (the lower one).

tasargelt (Temnodon saltator) [http://www.amatorbalikci.net/resimupload/lufer.jpg pic] (not sure if this is the real thing!)

'''scruff''' 
???

'''Staketsel''' 
According to the [http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staketsel Dutch Wikipedia] and its link to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier english site] this means "pier". [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=oostende&name=20040909-004 pic]

'''lazarettes''' 
Below-decks storage space in the stern of a vessel. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarette].

'''''mon chou''''' 
"My cabbage." A french term of affection.

==Page 523==

'''moon deck''' 
???

'''lower orlop''' 
Lowest deck of a multi-decked vessel (OED).

'''lateen-riggers''' 
Boats or larger craft with triangular sails rigged fore-and-aft (picture: [http://www.carfilhiot.co.uk/media/1/20050607-rig.jpg]common in the Mediterannean [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateen] after introduction by the Romans in the 3rd century.

==Page 524==

'''exhilirated'''
Second occurrence of this misspelling of ''exhilarated.''

'''Piazza Grande''' 
The central square in many Italian cities.

'''Denza''' 
Luigi Denza (1846-1922), Italian composer, most famous for his "Funiculi, funicula".

'''Antonio Smareglia''' 

Italian opera composer (1854-1929).

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 489-524

2007-01-21T17:06:31Z

Tommaso: /* Page 524 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 489==

'''stage left or audience left?''' 
A theater has two directions called left. "Stage left" is to the left of the performers as they face the audience. "House left" or "audience left" is to the left of an audience member facing the stage.

'''desolate sighs''' 
(They're not gay?)

'''Apostlet''' 
???

'''Cyprian Latewood''' 
Possibly named after third-century Saint Cyprian, during his lifetime made Bishop of Carthage and eventually martyred under a Valerian persecution of Christians. Saint Cyprian is notable for having ordered his executioner to be paid twenty-five pieces of gold, then having stripped himself of clothes and awaiting, in prayer, his beheading. There are a number of thematic resonances between Pynchon's Cyrian and the biblical one; notably their primary characterization as men of submission and servitude. Additionally, etymologically, 'cyprian' signifies both ''Aphrodite-worshiper'' and ''prostitute''. [[User:Bean|remy]] 07:33, 29 December 2006 (PST)

'''sod''' 
Not simply the term for a disagreeable person but specifically a homosexual; short for ''sodomite.''

'''Eastern wog''' 
Cf p222.

'''The German Sea''' 
A public house; the name occurs again with a different meaning at the end of this chapter.

'''sub-Clerkenwell''' 
???

'''annoyance''' 
(Why?)

==Page 490==

'''gyps''' 
Servants who do housekeeping chores for students living in college.

Also possibly gypsies. But context points to people ''in'' the colleges, which pretty well rules out Gypsies. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 07:00, 11 January 2007 (PST)

'''Byron's Pool''' 
???

'''"Div!"''' 
???

'''"Whizzo!"''' 
An early-twentieth century English slang expression of delight.

'''''"That'' is that of which ''I'' speak!"''' 
prob. homosexuality. cf. "I am the Love that dare not speak its name." -- Lord Alfred Douglas's poem 'Two Loves' in ''Chameleon'' ca. 1896.

Made more famous as an utterance by Oscar Wilde during his trial for sodomy. His response: '"The Love that dare not speak its name" in this century is such a great affection of an elder for a younger man as there was between David and Jonathan, such as Plato made the very basis of his philosophy, and such as you find in the sonnets of Michelangelo and Shakespeare.[...]. It is intellectual, and it repeatedly exists between an elder and a younger man, when the elder man has intellect, and the younger man has all the joy, hope and glamour of life before him."

: This seems wrong, given the typical Pynchon scene of males ogling/desiring women. There is no homosexuality invloved with these guys
but a "'range' [again] of remarks" and 'all-night rhapsodizing' over the beauty of naked women. This line "That, etc." seems more likely a comic spin on a famous line which we know Pynchon has alluded to before [V.]: Wittgenstein's "whereof I can not speak, thereof I must remain silent" from the Tractatus. He could NOT not speak of their nakedness.

A rendition of ''That's what I'mtalkinabout!''

This whole scene is reminiscent, perhaps, of the biblically famous Susannah and the Elders, where she, too, is watched appreciatively bathing. Wallace Stevens, among others, has a famous poem about it.

'''Cloisters Court''' 

Cloisters Court, part of Girton College, Cambridge University.

'''King's''' 
King's College, Cambridge University. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:22, 8 January 2007 (PST)

'''Queen Anne's Gate''' 

Some part of the British Home Office is, or was, located in the London (Westminster) street named Queen Anne's Gate. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:22, 8 January 2007 (PST)

'''Newnham''' 
An all-women's college at Cambridge, founded in 1871.

'''Wrangleresses''' 
Made-up: top female Math Scholars at Cambridge. Top students were called Wranglers, all male at this time. "Cambridge University and within it of the Mathematics Tripos, the competitive graduation examination process that ranked candidates in order of “Wrangler”" ...

'''Phillippa Fawcett''' 
???

'''Grace Chisolm and Will Young''' 
???

'''nautch-girl''' 
notch-girl? A woman who could 'notch' a lot of men?

An exotic dancer, more or less. This whole phrase "nautch-girl extravagance of looks and self-possession" refers to the sense of dominance the stripper feels over the yawps in the audience.

'''socio-acrobatic aggrandizement''' 
'social climbing'

'''''opium beer''''' 
laudanum?, if not literally.

'''duc de Richelieu''' 
Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (September 9, 1585 – December 4, 1642), was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman.

Consecrated as a bishop in 1607, he later entered politics, becoming a Secretary of State in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Church and the state, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642;
from Wikipedia.

'''Line and staff''' 
Cyprian's father sees his profession in the City as analogous to the profession of arms. Officers in the British and most other armies of the time were classified as "line," those commanding troops, and "staff," those performing administrative and planning functions.

==Page 491==

'''the City''' 
Major banks and other big-money institutions are located in the City of London, a fairly small subset of Metropolitan London.

'''can't ''ever'' tell''' 
Dog-eat-dog capitalism?

'''Reginald "Ratty" McHugh''' 

'''"fifteen years later'''
Reginald nodded appreciatively FIFTEEN YEARS OR SO LATER?...What is going
on here time-wise?

'''one more flag''' 
IE, his father's wallpaper brand.

'''Balkan Sobranies''' 
An upscale brand of cigarette.

'''lilies-and-lassitude humor of the '90s''' 
Cult of Oscar Wilde?
Aubrey Beardsley and the pre-Raphaelites?

'''table d'hôte''' 
French: host's table. In a restaurant, a meal chosen by the management, no substitutions please. If the appetizer is shrimp and you don't like shrimp, then don't eat the appetizer.

'''Very well, I contradict myself.''' 
Walt Whitman allusion. See Leaves of Grass. Next line in ADT affirms this.

==Page 492==

'''divine... prosaic''' 
(Walt was of course prosaic himself before he became divine.)

'''xanthocroid''' 
Prefix xantho- is from Greek and means yellow. Does the whole word mean "yellow-haired"?

'''Capsheaf''' 
Is this a third speaker, or another name for Ratty?

'''viva''' 
Slangy short form of ''viva voce,'' an oral examination.

'''Crayke''' 
???

'''''D'accord''''' 
French: right, OK.

'''reputation for viciousness''' 
???

'''croft''' 
Farm.

'''Mavis Grind''' 
???

'''orthopædic journals''' 
???

'''Dymphna''' 
After [http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/saintd01.htm St. Dymphna,] whose intercession is effective against insanity, possession and epilepsy.

'''decks full of hearts''' 
(52 or 13 per deck?)

==Page 493==

'''Thucydides... remind me''' 
Thucydides' book is an account of the Peloponnesian war, organized in a rather difficult method in which all the actions of one season are described before proceeding to the next. Here are some erotic possibilities in it, however: 
-Pericles, in his famous funeral oration, says the citizen ought to have an eros for the city. 
-At one point some Athenians are lured out of a garrison by way of a gymnastic (that is male, nude) demonstration. 
-On the eve of the fateful Sicilian expedition, all the oversized phalloi of the hermes are mysteriously knocked off. One of the generals on the expedition, Alcibiades, is accused of the offense and is eventually called called back. In Plato's Symposium Alcibiades drunkenly crashes the party and confesses that Socrates has consistently spurned his sexual advances.

In this context, Thucydides is proposed specifically for its non-erotic qualities. Indeed it is hard to imagine a less erotic work. It is suggested for Cyprian Latewood to help him get over his infatuation with Yashmeen.

'''McHugh''' 
Talking to self?

'''alfresceehwh''' 
An alfresco, an outdoor gathering. ''-eehwh'' is a rendering of the accent for comic effect.

'''Lorelei, Noellyn, and Faun''' 
Lorelei, more frequently "Loreley": In a famous German myth, a mermaid sitting on a rock by the river Rhine. The rock itself is also named Loreley. With her song, she bewitches the captains of passing ships, who then steer into the rock. The syllable "Ley" derives from a Celtic word for "stone".

Faun: Faunus, the Roman god of fertility, also responsible for nightmares. Fauns are also the Romans counterparts of the Greek "satyrs", followers of Dionysos. Faunus is playing a flute, another connection to music.

Noellyn ??

'''"all blonde, of course"''' 
with all the Germanic mythology around here, possibly a reference to the "blonde/blue-eyed"-cliche of German women.

'''High Albedo''' 
Albedo: power of reflecting light. Blondes reflect more light than brunettes.

'''"dark rock...again and again"''' 
cf "Lorelei"

'''Pinky''' 
Nicknames opposite of truth?

''''''sans merci'''''' 
a reference to Keats's 19th century Romantic ballad 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci'. The lady of the title entraps men by making them fall in love with her and abandoning them.

==Page 494==

'''wrong altar''' 
She, a lesbian, tells him that he 'worships' a woman who is wrong for him.

'''gnomic tenses''' 
Gnomic = marked by aphorisms; aphoristic...'gnomic verse, a gnomic style".
American Heritage Dictionary.

'''circs''' 
Short form (typically British): circumstances.

''''If she's not content with a vegetable love'''' 
a reference to Marvell's seventeenth century poem 'To His Coy Mistress'. "Vegetable love" refers to the slow, slow way he would let his love grow, to become "vaster than empires and more slow" had they "world enough and time", but since they don't, since they are in human time, he is trying to 'convince' her to make love with him now.

'''Rugby blue''' 
To be a 'Rugby blue' means to have represented Oxford (colour: dark blue) or Cambridge (light blue) at Rugby, which is a major European sport, invented, supposedly, at Rugby school in England in the nineteenth century.

'''Mâconnais''' 
This refers to a bargain sub-Burgundian wine that comes from the Macon region of France.

'''George Grossmith...and that jolly Weedon''' 

George and Weedon Grossmith, authors of the sublime, hillarious 'Diary of a Nobody', which gave the world the adjective 'pooterish'. Undoubtedly an influence on Pynchon's depictions of the 'oh dear' side of Englishness. Pooter is a 'nobody' who decides to publish his diaries, even though he is of no interest and nothing of any note occurs. A prototypical blogger, some might suggest. Originally published in Punch magazine (I think), set in late 19th Century. Don't know if the Grossmiths went to Cambridge, will check....

The elder George Grossmith performed in Gilbert and Sullivan works. He was not university-educated. The younger G.G. was also a noted performer and collaborated with P.G. Wodehouse.

[plenty of info here: http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/english/DON/Diary_Home.htm]

==Page 495==

'''Junior or Senior?''' 
expressions used at traditional English (independent) schools to refer to younger and older brothers. Thus Smith Junior or Smith Senior.

See Grossmith entry on preceding page.

'''"Small hands, some evidence of early trauma, cp. Wilhelm II file"''' 
Wilhelm II suffered an injury at birth and had a withered arm. All his photographs show him with the "small hand" in his pocket.

Wikipedia: William II, German Emperor
Reign 1888-1918
Born 27 January 1859
Berlin, Germany
Died 4 June 1941
Doorn, Netherlands
Predecessor Frederick III
Successor None (monarchy abolished)

Royal House House of Hohenzollern
William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Victor) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.

The role of William II in German history is sometimes a controversial issue in historical scholarship. Initially seen as an important, but embarrassing figure in German history until the late 1950s, for many years after that, the dominant view was that he had little or no influence on German policy leading up to the First World War. This has been challenged since the late 1970s, particularly by Professor John C. G. Röhl who saw William II as the key figure in understanding the recklessness and subsequent downfall of Imperial Germany.[1]

more Pynchon and Germany.

'''"Map of the World"''' 
???

'''Newmarket''' 
A famous English race-course, hence the following reference to the 'racing season'.

'''Morse and Vassilev''' 
???

'''East Rumelian''' 
Rumelia was a Turkish province in the Balkan Peninsula. East Rumelia lay mostly in what is now Bulgaria. (Cf. P.356 and note to P.356).

'''''zadruga''''' 
Bulgarian: labor cooperative.

'''''tchifliks''''' 
Bulgarian: farms.

'''''gradinarski druzhini''''' 
Bulgarian: gardening (or farming?) associations.

'''gossamer''' 
Pynchon draws him as 'wet' as possible?

==Page 496==

'''sod... pouffe''' 
Derogatory terms for homosexual ("sod" from "sodomite").

'''failed canards''' 
Discredited rumors.

'''Lent... Easter... Long Vacation''' 
???

'''Colonial Office''' 
??? 
Defunct British Ministry, later Foreign & Colonial Office, now Foreign & Commonwealth Office.

'''Okhrana''' 
a secret police force of the Russian Empire and part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhrana Wikipedia Entry]

'''Ballhausplatz''' 
Location of the Austrian State Chancellery and Foreign Ministry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballhausplatz Wikipedia Entry]

'''Wilhelmstrasse''' 
Administrative Center of the Kingdom of Prussia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmstrasse Wikipedia Entry]

'''G.F.B. Riemann''' 
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann. A German mathematician who did extensive work in differential geometry. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Riemann/ Wikipedia Entry]

'''Zeta function... conjecture''' 
The Riemann zeta function. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function/ Wikipedia Entry]

''''joint'''' 
Opium den.

'''Bob's your uncle''' 
An English and Commonwealth expression referring to the ease with which something can be done. Still used, though probably more common in the time in which ''Against the Day'' is set. Possible [http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/70100.html derivations].

'''Limehouse''' 
An area of East London that borders on the River Thames near the Isle of Dogs. The name may derive from the fact that sailors were about as this was a point of embarkation for sea journeys. In the late 19th century the area was famous for opium dens [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limehouse Wikipedia].

==Page 497==

'''excess''' 
(So not wholly gossamer?)

'''Coronation Red''' 
???

'''Ranji and C.B. Fry''' 
Two notable cricketers who would have been in their prime when the novel is set. Both played for England. 'Ranji' is short for Ranjitsinhji and is how he was familiarly known.

'''Australian season''' 
A reference to the Australian cricket season which runs throughout their summer and the Eurpopean winter.

'''New Court''' 
???

'''Tavernier-Gravet slide rules''' 
French-made, some with special scales (slope conversions, etc.). [http://discover.com/issues/aug-03/features/featslide/ Photograph.]

'''High Church''' 
Anglican

'''Mags and Nuncs and Matins responsories''' 
A responsory is a form of (Christian) chant (call and response, perhaps), which is here qualified by Latin designations for specific prayers. 
Nunc = Now. 
Matin = Morning.

'''not Zion''' 
???

'''Compline hour''' 
??? 
bedtime. Compline is the last prayers or service of the day.

'''Te Deum''' 
Te Deum = To God (Latin).

'''Khaki Election''' 
???

'''Filtham''' 
???

==Page 498==

'''violation of . . . child-labor statutes''' 
If such laws applied to children in the choirs of Cambridge colleges, the great length of the composition would keep them at work too many hours.

'''chromaticism... Richard Strauss''' 
???

'''Staindrop''' 
???

'''"Filtham's Tedium"''' 
(Talk about overlabored puns...)

'''dress regulations''' 
???

'''Gauss''' 
Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician in the late 18th and early 19th centuries [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss Wikipedia]. Riemann was a student of his.

'''Ramanujan''' 
Famous Cambridge mathematician..Poor savant from India invited to Cambridge by G.H. Hardy after he wrote him a letter asking abstruse mathematical questions

'''revisited, in some way 'relighted' the scene''' 
Light, mental light.

'''display of hurt feelings''' 
Cf p30.

==Page 499==

'''light up''' 
Dark world vs spark of value.

'''ζ-function''' 
Another reference to the Riemann zeta function.

'''Hilbert thinks of nothing else''' 
???

'''desire... of rather a specialized sort''' 
???

'''Great Eastern''' 
Railway linking Cambridge and London.

==Page 500==

'''Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia''' 
Sofia Kovalevskaia was the first woman to apply for a mathematics degree at the University of Goettingen in Germany. She was not accepted at the university, but was allowed to tutor under one of the university's math professors. She wrote a paper there that became an important part of the theory of differential equations.

'''sounds like maths''' 
Yashmeen seems to see 'maths' as otherwordly.

'''folio''' 
an edition of a book in pages that fold in half to make the leaves of a codex.

'''four-color chromolithograph''' 
Chromo--in Chemistry, chromium

'''Snazzbury''' 
???

'''Silent Frock''' 
Cf noise-canceling headphones.

'''toilette''' 
No longer in use in modern english, the term 'toilette' indicated a dressing table covered to the floor with cloth (toile) and lace, on which stood a dressing glass, which might also be draped in lace. Wikipedia

It's still used, and in addition to the dressing table meaning, it refers to how somebody is "got up"--dress, makeup and all.

==Page 501==

'''green, white, and mauve stripes''' 
Colors associated with the Suffragette Movement of the time.Diane Atkinson, one of the leading contemporary scholars on the suffrage movement, edited a book, Suffragettes in the Purple, White, and Green London 1906-1914, which served as a catalog at an exhibition of suffrage memorabilia at the Museum of London and which discusses the symbolism. Atkinson notes that the color scheme was devised by Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence, treasurer and co-editor of the weekly newspaper Votes for Women. In the spring 1908 issue of that paper, Pethick-Lawrence explained the symbolism of the colors:

"Purple as everyone knows is the royal colour. It stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of every suffragette, the instinct of freedom and dignity...white stands for purity in private and public life...green is the colour of hope and the emblem of spring."

'''black crepon''' 
The shell is made of black rayon crepon and fully lined to within 2" of bottom hem. From a description of a black [nursing] dress online.

'''Italian-cloth''' 
The Champagne fairs were a circuit of six cloth fairs in the towns of Champagne and Brie, changing location every two months and spanning the year from January to October. At their height, in the 13th century, the Champagne fairs linked the cloth-producing cities of the Low Countries with the Italian dyeing and exporting centers. The fairs, which were already well-organized at the start of the century, were one of the earliest manifestations of a linked European economy, a characteristic of the High Middle Ages.

The towns provided huge warehouses, still to be seen at Provins. From the north came woolens and linen cloth. Wikipedia.

==Page 502==

'''modern lettering''' 
Refers to Art Nouveau lettering popular at the turn of the 20th century and still commonly used on entrance signs for Paris metro stations.

'''"a kind of helical ramp"''' 
Possibly a reference to the Riemann Sphere, which is built in large part upon complex numbers and which look something like a helix. 
[[Image:Riemann Sphere.jpg]]

'''L'ARIMEAUX ET QUEURLIS''' 
Larry, Moe, and Curly's

'''twilling''' 
Twill = A fabric with diagonal parallel ribs. 2. The weave used to produce such a fabric.
TRANSITIVE VERB: Inflected forms: twilled, twill·ing, twills
To weave (cloth) so as to produce a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs. From The American Heritage Dictionary

==Page 503==

'''Earl's Court Wheel''' 
Earl's Court is an area of London. A Ferris Wheel there.

Another "paramorphic" parallel to our time: The London Eye, a huge Ferris Wheel built for the Millenium Exposition of 2000. The trip around is not, as Yasmeen notes, thermodynamically reversible, since one would be "changed forever" in the course of the journey around the wheel (in the Heraclitean sense that "No man steps in the same river twice"--the river changes.) 
This is the connection between entropy in thermodynamics and entropy in information theory, embodied in Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon], at the center of Pynchon's ''Crying of Lot 49'', now back as a problem in non-Euclidean geometries and multiple dimensions.

'''whelks''' 
A whelk is a large marine gastropod (snail) found in temperate waters.

'''Chinese Turkestan railway shares''' 
Chinese Turkestan is where the Chums of Chance are currently, in the sub-desertine vehicle.

'''jellied eel''' 
An East End of London delicacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellied_eels Wikipedia]

'''West Ham, the Park, Upton Lane, lads all in claret and blue''' 
The "lads in claret and blue" are kicking a football around, as they are players of current Premiership side West Ham United. Founded in 1895, the "Hammers" are playing their home games at Boleyn Ground aka "Upton Park". Yep, soccer.

'''lupine liminality''' 
Latin: lupus = wolf, limen = threshold. Allusion to the proverbial wolf at the door.

Lupine = any of a genus (Lupinus) of leguminous herbs including some poisonous forms and others cultivated for their long showy racemes of usually blue, purple, white, or yellow flowers or for green manure, fodder, or their edible seeds; also : an edible lupine seed.

The liminal state is characterized by ambiguity, openness, and indeterminacy. One's sense of identity dissolves to some extent, bringing about disorientation. Liminality is a period of transition, during which your normal limits to thought, self-understanding, and behavior are relaxed, opening the way to something new.

'''hydrangeas''' 
a kind of flower. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrangea Wikipedia]

'''Hardy,''' 
Cf. p. 239. G.H. (Godfrey Harold) Hardy (1877-1947),famous Cambridge mathematician [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._H._Hardy Wikipedia]. He wrote "A Mathematician's Apology" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Mathematician%27s_Apology Wikipedia] [http://www.math.ualberta.ca/~mss/books/A%20Mathematician's%20Apology.pdf Full Text]. Knew all the most famous intellectuals and was
himself very influential.

==Page 504==

'''Harwich... German Sea''' 
Harwich is a town in Essex, England, located on the coast with the North Sea to the east.The North Sea historically also known as the German Ocean. By the late nineteenth century, German Sea was a rare, scholarly usage ...

"The German Sea" is also a public house (p. 489).

'''Hook of Holland''' 
Hoek van Holland in the Netherlands. It is not a hook but the southwest ''corner'' of South-Holland province (Dutch ''hoek'' = corner).

'''madhouse at Osnabrück''' 
OSNABRUCK, a town and episcopal see of Germany, in the Prussian province of Hanover, situated on the Hase, 70 m. W. of the city of Hanover, 31 m. by rail N.E. of Munster, and at the junction of the lines Hamburg-Cologne and BerlinAmsterdam. Pop. (1905) 59,5 80. The lunatic asylum occupies a former nunnery.

==Page 505==

'''plug hats''' 
a plug hat may be a top hat or a bowler hat.

'''Cobh''' 
the historic port town of Cobh Ireland. Many ocean liners sailed from there, including the Titanic... the port of Queenstown (now known as Cobh)

==Page 506==

'''Euclid''' 
Avenue of classy mansions in Cleveland

'''elms in Cleveland''' 
(Before Dutch elm disease?)

'''went on for years''' 
the Krakatoa eruption put dust and ashes aloft for years.

'''Shorty''' 
the 'short-order' cook?

==Page 507==

'''how little I cared''' 
(Blaming Krakatoa???)Seems to me she is saying that her feelings for Bert faded, as everything was, maybe, supposed to, as had the fantastic sunsets
caused by Krakatoa when they got back to ordinary.

'''palm upward''' 
???

'''Prospect Avenue''' 
???

'''leaf-spring suspension''' 
??? 
A form of suspension for wheeled vehicles. Still very occasionally used in automobiles, but more likely nowadays to be seen on a perambulator. Named for shape of the suspension coils.

'''overrun''' 
the excess kerosene when made.

'''Flats''' 
lands around the Cuyahoga River.

==Page 508==

'''Cuyahoga''' 
Major river in Ohio that goes around Cleveland. Famous in the 60's for literally catching on fire from the combustible pollutants in it. Here, Pynchon shows that industrial pollution and its effect on the river. "It's like looking down into the sky".

'''your exact face''' 
(How common?)

'''allow Erlys do''' 
typo in first edition.

==Page 509==

'''descending minor triad''' 
in music, an interval of three half tones.

'''Svengali''' 
In George Du Maurier's novel ''Trilby'' (1894), the hypnotist who makes the title character a great singer but keeps her under rigorous control.

'''tea roses''' 
Yellow-orange roses.

'''cosmos''' 
???

==Page 510==

'''first momentous glance''' 
Page 349 only?

'''Elis''' 
Yale University students, called so after founder Eli Yale.

==Page 511==

'''preferring''' 
Cf Rose in "Titanic".

'''Root Tubsmith''' 
???

'''Fuchs, Schwarz... Frobenius''' 
Frobenius: German mathematician [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Georg_Frobenius], possibly important here for his contributions to Group Theory and to topology [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenius_theorem_%28differential_topology%29].

'''Professor Manning''' 
???

'''language difference''' 
Kit and Root both speak English, but in different mathematical dialects.

'''Marseilles''' 
Second largest city of France; Mediterannean port, legendarily corrupt.

'''species of tarantella''' 
Tarantella is a fast dance or dance tune in 6/8 time. Probably named for Taranto, not tarantula.

'''dreamed it''' 
(Page?)

'''Cigar Deck''' 
???

==Page 512==

'''how to stop looking''' 
Cf p27.

'''lobelias''' 
Plant or flower of the genus Lobelia. At least one member of the genus is blue (Blue Lobelia.

'''Victor Herbert''' 
Irish-born American composer (1859-1924) of songs, operettas, light classics.

'''Wolf-Ferrari''' 
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876-1948), born in Venice, composer of many extremely popular operas.

==Page 513==

'''1st Edition Typo''' 
"She smlled falsely"

'''Reuben''' 
A hick, as in the carnie's cry, "Hey, Rube".

==Page 515==

'''high-hatting''' 
Snubbing, cutting.

'''memories of desert plateau, mountian peaks...some unexpected river''' 
Instantly recognizable to anyone familiar with the back-country Rocky Mountains.
Cf also the description of the landscape Frank's riding through on page 394/395.

'''twenty-knot push''' 
The ship is making twenty knots (20 nautical miles per hour), hence generating a twenty knot wind toward the stern.

'''uncreated''' 
Featureless? ongoing present becoming the future as compared to his memories.

The watery void of Genesis, before creation of the land and life.

'''after 1914''' 
Still 10 years away.

'''S.M.S. ''Emperor Maximilian''''' 
S.M.S.: Seiner Majestäts Schiff, His Majesty's Ship (German or, as in this case, Austrian). One Habsburg Emperor Maximilian was set up in Mexico, then deposed and killed.

'''25,000-ton''' 
The ship's displacement (measure of its size).

'''dreadnoughts''' 
''HMS Dreadnought'' gave her name to a new philosophy that governed the design of capital ships beginning in the 1890s and continuing past the 1920s: high speed, heavy armor, heavy investment in the "main battery" and de-emphasis of secondary battery, main battery comprising the largest practicable guns mounted in turrets on the ship's centerline.

'''Slavonian''' 
Perhaps a deceptive name for the company; Slavonia was an inland province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, east of Croatia; Trieste would have beenin Slovenia.

'''Schultz-Thorneycroft''' 
???

'''Parsons turbines''' 
???

'''British men-o'-war''' 
Warships.

==Page 516==

'''shell-rooms-to-be and giant powder magazines''' 
''Stupendica'' contains spaces that will belong to ''Maximilian'' on her transformation. (Indeed, she must contain the shells and powder too.)

'''circular cabins''' 
A battleship turret extends several decks below the gunhouse. No doubt there were stacks of these circular cabins.

'''twelve-inch barrels''' 
Dreadnoughts progressed from 8-inch main guns to 12-inch in a couple of decades.

'''shelter deck''' 
???

'''to fold upward''' 
Transformer fashion.

'''casemates''' 
Turrets.

'''freeboard''' 
The amount of the ship above the water. You need a certain amount of freeboard to maintain balance, but battleships try to limit it as much as possible (so as to present a smaller target).

'''"Dazzle" camouflage''' 
Patterns as described in the text, meant to confuse enemy eyes. Camouflage techniques used in World War I were developed in part by magician Jasper Maskelyne, a descendant of the Astronomer Royal in ''Mason & Dixon.''

'''dihedrals''' 
A dihedral is the figure formed by two planes intersecting in a line. The bow of a ship is pretty close.

'''Fangsley''' 
???

'''less horizontally disposed''' 
less level

Passenger liner has as many decks as possible above waterline. Warship has as many as possible ''below'' waterline, hence it's "taller."

'''Lloyd Arsenale''' 
???

'''Stabilimento Tecnico''' 
Italian: technical establishment?

==Page 517==

'''''merged''''' 
Pynchon writes about bilocation in a peculiar sense: not necessarily one person being in two places, but one ''place'' being two (or one language being two, Dutch/Flemish, Serbian/Croatian).

'''Promontorio''' 
???

'''O.I.C. Bodine''' 
"Oh, I see" Bodine?. Cf. Pig Bodine from ''V.'', also ''GR'' and ''Mason & Dixon.''

O.I.C: Oiler-in-Chief?

'''fermented potato mash''' 
Cf Veikko's vodka p82.

'''four shafts''' 
Four propellers.

'''''Mauretania''''' 
HMS Mauretania, launched 1907, sister ship of the ill-fated Lusitania (the sinking of the latter propelled the US into WW I). Served as Cunard liner, troopship, hospital ship in WW I.

'''''Zu befehl, Herr Hauptheitzer''''' 
German: Ready for orders, Chief Stoker. (Should be ''Zu Befehl, Herr Hauptheizer.'')

'''Black Gang''' 
The stoking crew, turned black by coal dust.

'''Oberhauptheitzer''' 
German: Master Chief Stoker. (Should be: ''Oberhauptheizer.'')

'''Mannlicher''' 
German military pistol.

'''''"Dampf mehr!"''''' 
German for "more steam!" (Should be: ''Mehr Dampf!'')

'''singlet''' 
Undershirt.

==Page 518==

'''ignorant off''' 
Typo in First Edition.

'''Marconi room''' 
Radio shack.

'''design maximum of nine degrees''' 
''Maximilian'' will right herself from a nine-degree heel but may be in trouble if she leans over farther.

'''nymphs''' 
Stage in the life cycle of many insects, including the cockroach.

'''''"Porca miseria"''''' 
Italian: good grief, for heaven's sake, dammit.

==Page 519==

'''tight circle''' 
Military as inane as circus clowns.

'''southeast by east''' 
The compass rose has 32 points, each 11 and a quarter degrees from the next. Southeast by east is one point to the east of southeast, i.e., 123 and three-quarters degrees clockwise from north.

'''deeper levels''' 
(Eg particle vs wave?)

'''A "deeper level" where dualities are resolved''' 
Engine room is far below the main deck, therefore a deeper level. The ''Stupendica/Maximilian'' duality is resolved there because it's a shared space.

'''Chinese''' 
???

'''''nicht wahr''''' 
German: aint it true?

'''Graz''' 
Capital of the Austrian province of Styria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Wikipedia]

'''bilge-crab''' 
???

==Page 520==

'''a Teutonic''' 
Ethnically a German. Tiny dig at S. Weisenburger? The ''GR Companion'' uses this odd noun ("Teuton" is more obvious) in the gloss at V602.12-13.

'''Mulai Ahmed er-Raisuli''' 
Infamous Morrocan outlaw/warlord. From this [http://www.explorers.org/publications/books_club/imprint/housetears.php website]: "Several decades before Saddam Hussein, Osama bin Laden, and Islamic insurgents, an international crisis ignited between the United States and the Middle East. In May 1904 Moroccan warlord Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli kidnapped Ion Perdicaris, a wealthy Greek-American resident of Tangier, in an attempt to extort money from the Sultan of Morocco. President Theodore Roosevelt responded with his "big stick" approach to diplomacy by dispatching a squadron of seven battleships to the Moroccan coast with the order: "Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead." The nine-week standoff, with US troops and ships in Tangier Bay and Raisuli holding fort in the mountains, exposed the impotence of emerging American power and a critical misunderstanding about Moroccan politics. When it was discovered that Perdicaris was not an American citizen after all, the US government kept the embarrassing episode a secret until 1933. Profiting royally from the conflict, Raisuli built his palace, which he called the "House of Tears"." [http://www.capitalcentury.com/1904.html another source]

'''Agadir, Queen of the Iron Coast''' 
Agadir is a city in southwest Morocco, capital of the Souss-Massa-Dra region. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agadir Wikipedia] From the [http://www.jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/MOL_MOS/MOROCCO.html Encyclopedia Britannica]: "Sixty miles farther south lies Mogador, beyond which the coast becomes more and more inaccessible and dangerous in winter, being known to navigators as the " Iron Coast." From Cape Sim (Ras Tagriwalt), to m. south of Mogador, the direction is due south to Cape Ghir (Ighir Ufrani), the termination of Jebel Ida u Taman, a spur of the Atlas. Beyond this headland lies Agadir (Agadir Ighir), the Santa Cruz Mayor or Santa Cruz de Berberia
of the Spaniards, formerly known as the Gate of the Sudan.' It is a little town with white battlements three-quarters of a mile in circumference, on a steep eminence 600 ft. high." [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=AGADIR old postcards from Agadir]

'''''colonists''...justify German interests...shadow-colonists''' 
In July 1911, the german gunboat "Panther" approached the harbour of Agadir under the pretext to protect german citizens from Sus-tribesmen, resulting in the "Agadir-Crisis" and nearly triggering WW I three years early. As there were no german citizens to protect in Agadir, so one had to be dispatched from Mogador. [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/05/23/its_not_the_first_war_under_false_pretenses/ source]

'''...destined for plantation...''' 
Typo in First Edition.

'''Sus... Susi''' 
The Sous Basin [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souss Wikipedia] and it‘s inhabitants, probably.

'''Abdel Aziz''' 
Sultan of Morocco 1894-1908 (aged 10-24yrs.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelaziz_of_Morocco Wikipedia]

'''Canaries''' 
Canary Islands, about 80 miles off Morocco‘s Atlantic coast [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_islands Wikipedia]

'''Many would go crazy and set out in small boats...''' 
Another paramorpic mirror image of our century. The Canaries, a Spanish possession, are the goal of untold thousands of would-be African entrants to the EU, i.e. a route of illegal immigration.

'''Lübeck''' 
Lübeck is the second-largest city in Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck Wikipedia]

'''Berbers''' 
The Berbers (also called Amazigh people or Imazighen, "free men") are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. In actuality, Berber is a generic name given to numerous heterogeneous ethnic groups that share similar cultural, political, and economic practices. It is not a term originated by the group itself. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people Wikipedia]. Berbers of southwestern Morocco usually belong to the ones known as Chleuhs [http://c.1asphost.com/imazighen/chleuhs/algeria.htm pics]

==Page 521==

'''tree-climbing goats''' 
Can be seen often, esp. in Morocco [http://www.markhorrell.com/travel/morocco/antiatlas/goats3.html Pic]

'''argan trees''' 
The Argan (Argania spinosa, syn. A. sideroxylon Roem. & Schult.) is a species of tree endemic to the calcareous semi-desert Sous valley of southwestern
Morocco. It is the sole species in the genus Argania. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argan_tree Wikipedia]

'''Gnaoua''' 
The Gnawa or Gnaoua refers at once to a style of Moroccan music with sub-Saharan Africa origins or influence, an ethnic group and religious order at least in part descended from former slaves from Sub-Saharan Africa or black Africans migrated in caravans with the Trans-Saharan trade, or a combination of both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnawa Wikipedia] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/english/gallery/music/gnawa.html more on Gnaoua] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/french/galerie/musique/mp3/gnaoua.mp3 Gnaoua music sample mp3] [http://www.ibiblio.org/gnawastories/GNAWA%20STORIES20cDRIVE.swf nicely made site on Gnawa]

'''''mlouk gnaoui''''' 
Mlouk is the plural of melk, a supernatural entity envoked in the Gnawa rituals. Various types are known and they are distinguished by colors. The following is a google translation of the relevant paragraph from [http://www.bladi.net/2556-les-differents-aspects-de-la-culture-gnaouie.html this site]: "The mlouk are of male or female sex, Moslems or Jews. Their color corresponds to their origins. Thus one distinguishes the mlouks from the sea (bahriyin) to which one allots the light blue; the celestial ones (samaouiyin), have as a color dark blue; the mlouk of the forest (rijal el ghaba), originating in Africa, have as a color the black just like the mlouk pertaining to the troop of Sidi Mimoun, finally the red mlouk (Al homar), related to blood and which haunt the slaughter-houses, have as a color the red. The white and the green, colors symbols of Islam sunnite, are reserved to the called upon saints, in particular Moulay Abdelkader Jilali and Chorfa. To the female mlouk three colors are allotted: the yellow for the coquettery of Lala Reflected, the red for Lala Rkia for its capacity to cure the menorrhagia and the black for Lala Aïcha Kendisha because of its Sudanese origin. The Jewish mlouks which are sometimes called upon after the troop of the female mlouk have the black color. Incense fumigations of various perfumes accompany the invocations by these mlouks, with a preference however for the benzoin or jaoui."

'''Seigneurs Noirs''' 
French: Black Lords. According to the above translation, those most probably are jewish mlouks.

'''Bardo State''' 
Tibetan Bhuddist belief in a state between two mortal incarnations, during which one has direct perception of reality--for better or worse, Karmically speaking. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo]

'''Habsburg navy''' 
Austrian Navy

'''Mogador road''' 
Mogador" is a city and tourist resort in Morocco, near Marrakech on the Atlantic coast. (31°30′47″N)
Mogador is another name for Essaouira [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogador Wkipedia] north of Agadir. [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=MOGADOR old postcards Mogador]

'''Tawil Balak''' 
In the Liner Notes for the Album "Love Songs of Lebanon" [http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/trackdetail.aspx?itemid=29129 downloadable from this site] the song ''Tawil Balak Ya Habboub'' translates as "Patience, My Love" - Tawil Balak being the Patience part. (Thats one nice soundtrack, btw!)

"Tawil", according to web-searches, is arabic for "allegorical explanation/interpretation/exegese" (of the Qu‘ran and Sunna texts). "Balak" might refer to the according Tora reading (Parsah) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balak_%28parsha%29 Wikipedia]. cf. Balaam‘s Ass p. 432. Do the cosmopolitan regulars at the bar like Moises spend their time interpreting holy texts?

'''Rahman''' 
???

'''''Fomalhaut''''' 
The Maritime Digital Encyclopedia lists a "Dutch Vessel" named "Formalhaut" [http://www.ibiblio.org/maritime/photolibrary/displayimage.php?album=lastup&cat=688&pos=0 pic].

According to several websites [http://skytonight.com/news/3310401.html?showAll=y&c=y 1] [http://www.skyscript.co.uk/pis_aus.html 2] [http://www.icoproject.org/star.html 3] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomalhaut Wikipedia] etc. Fomalhaut is the 17th or 18th brightest star as seen from our planet and is located in the constellation called Pisces Austrinus (Southern Fish). The name derives from the Arabic Fum (or Fam) al-Hut, meaning "Mouth of the Fish" or according to a few web-resources the contributor has just visited, "Mouth of the Whale". The latter would mean its a strong connotation with the Biblical Legend of Jonah and the Whale (see annotations for this page below (not a spoiler, i hope).

Among most readers of Science-Fiction "Fomalhaut" is a location as common as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldebaran "Aldebaran"] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_%28constellation%29 "Cassiopeia"].

As per today (07 01 10) the Wikipedia-Entry on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon_Fomalhaut Demon Fomalhaut] is just a stub. According to most sites the contributor just visited, claiming credibility in the Book of Enoch [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Enoch Wikipedia] and due to some more non-canonical catergorizations, Fomalhaut seems to be a member of the infamous gang of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallen_angel Fallen Angels], a daredevil companero to Lucifer that is. This sub-summation in a hierarchy of angels might refer to some astrological/-nomical constellations of the star Fomalhaut as is.

As usual, with TP, we dont know for sure if theres some outlandish pun intended/-cluded in the name of a person or thing. What, to give variety to it, about a german compositive noun? Ger. "formal" = formal (like in formal behavior) + "haut" = skin; "Formal Skin".

'''Moïsés''' 
???

'''Jonah... Massa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonah Jonah Wikipedia Entry] [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/jonah/jonah.html "Jonah on the Web"] From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco website]: "Some 60 m. farther south (from Agadir), at the mouth of a river known by the same name, is the roadstead of Massa, with a mosque popularly reputed the scene of Jonah's restoration to terra firma."

==Page 522==

'''Two Fishes, two Jonahs, two Agadirs?''' 
The Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 mentions rabbinic literature regarding two fishes - one male, one female - having swallowed Jonah: check out the "fish" paragraph [http://72.14.221.104/search?q=cache:8_12F1Yp1YoJ:www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp%3Fartid%3D388%26letter%3DJ+jonah+encyclopedia&hl=de&gl=at&ct=clnk&cd=1 here]. Both Tarshish (Cadiz), the "Agadir" in southwestern Spain, and Agadir in Morocco likely were founded by the Phoenicians: "Cadiz bears a Phoenician name, a deformation of Gaddir (wall), which we find in the Berber city of Agadir in Morroco." [http://faculty.uml.edu/jgarreau/50.315/Europ1.htm source]

'''kashbah''' 
Wikipedia entries on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasbah Kasbah] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casbah Casbah] [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/AGADIR/agadir-la-casbah-vue-en-avion.jpg The Casbah of Agadir as seen from above]

'''Ighir Ufrani''' 
a.k.a Cape Ghir, a cape north of Agadir.

'''''Mogador herring''...''alimzah''...''tasargelt''''' 
From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco Morocco Entry]: "Occasionally a small shoal (of mackarel) may be found as far south as Mogador. Soles, turbot, bream, bass, conger eel and mullet are common along the coast, and southern Morocco is visited occasionally by shoals of a large fish called the azlimzah (sciaena aquila), rough scaled and resembling a cod, and the tasargelt (Temnodon saltator), the "blue fish" of North America. Crayfish, prawns, oysters and mussels swarm in the rocky places, but the natives have no proper method of catching them, and edible crabs seem unknown. The tunny, pilchard and sardine, and a kind of shad known as the "Mogador herring," all prove at times of practical importance."

azlimzah (sciaena aquila) [http://www.finerareprints.com/animals/histoire_naturelle/vol_hn_fish_4999.htm pic] (the lower one).

tasargelt (Temnodon saltator) [http://www.amatorbalikci.net/resimupload/lufer.jpg pic] (not sure if this is the real thing!)

'''scruff''' 
???

'''Staketsel''' 
According to the [http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staketsel Dutch Wikipedia] and its link to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier english site] this means "pier". [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=oostende&name=20040909-004 pic]

'''lazarettes''' 
Below-decks storage space in the stern of a vessel. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarette].

'''''mon chou''''' 
"My cabbage." A french term of affection.

==Page 523==

'''moon deck''' 
???

'''lower orlop''' 
Lowest deck of a multi-decked vessel (OED).

'''lateen-riggers''' 
Boats or larger craft with triangular sails rigged fore-and-aft (picture: [http://www.carfilhiot.co.uk/media/1/20050607-rig.jpg]common in the Mediterannean [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateen] after introduction by the Romans in the 3rd century.

==Page 524==

'''exhilirated'''
Second occurrence of this misspelling of ''exhilarated.''

'''Piazza Grande''' 
The central square in many Italian cities.

'''Denza''' 
Luigi Denza (1846-1922), Italian composer, most famous for his "Funiculi, funicula".

'''Antonio Smareglia''' 
???
Italian opera composer (1854-1929).

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 489-524

2007-01-21T16:59:13Z

Tommaso: /* Page 509 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 489==

'''stage left or audience left?''' 
A theater has two directions called left. "Stage left" is to the left of the performers as they face the audience. "House left" or "audience left" is to the left of an audience member facing the stage.

'''desolate sighs''' 
(They're not gay?)

'''Apostlet''' 
???

'''Cyprian Latewood''' 
Possibly named after third-century Saint Cyprian, during his lifetime made Bishop of Carthage and eventually martyred under a Valerian persecution of Christians. Saint Cyprian is notable for having ordered his executioner to be paid twenty-five pieces of gold, then having stripped himself of clothes and awaiting, in prayer, his beheading. There are a number of thematic resonances between Pynchon's Cyrian and the biblical one; notably their primary characterization as men of submission and servitude. Additionally, etymologically, 'cyprian' signifies both ''Aphrodite-worshiper'' and ''prostitute''. [[User:Bean|remy]] 07:33, 29 December 2006 (PST)

'''sod''' 
Not simply the term for a disagreeable person but specifically a homosexual; short for ''sodomite.''

'''Eastern wog''' 
Cf p222.

'''The German Sea''' 
A public house; the name occurs again with a different meaning at the end of this chapter.

'''sub-Clerkenwell''' 
???

'''annoyance''' 
(Why?)

==Page 490==

'''gyps''' 
Servants who do housekeeping chores for students living in college.

Also possibly gypsies. But context points to people ''in'' the colleges, which pretty well rules out Gypsies. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 07:00, 11 January 2007 (PST)

'''Byron's Pool''' 
???

'''"Div!"''' 
???

'''"Whizzo!"''' 
An early-twentieth century English slang expression of delight.

'''''"That'' is that of which ''I'' speak!"''' 
prob. homosexuality. cf. "I am the Love that dare not speak its name." -- Lord Alfred Douglas's poem 'Two Loves' in ''Chameleon'' ca. 1896.

Made more famous as an utterance by Oscar Wilde during his trial for sodomy. His response: '"The Love that dare not speak its name" in this century is such a great affection of an elder for a younger man as there was between David and Jonathan, such as Plato made the very basis of his philosophy, and such as you find in the sonnets of Michelangelo and Shakespeare.[...]. It is intellectual, and it repeatedly exists between an elder and a younger man, when the elder man has intellect, and the younger man has all the joy, hope and glamour of life before him."

: This seems wrong, given the typical Pynchon scene of males ogling/desiring women. There is no homosexuality invloved with these guys
but a "'range' [again] of remarks" and 'all-night rhapsodizing' over the beauty of naked women. This line "That, etc." seems more likely a comic spin on a famous line which we know Pynchon has alluded to before [V.]: Wittgenstein's "whereof I can not speak, thereof I must remain silent" from the Tractatus. He could NOT not speak of their nakedness.

A rendition of ''That's what I'mtalkinabout!''

This whole scene is reminiscent, perhaps, of the biblically famous Susannah and the Elders, where she, too, is watched appreciatively bathing. Wallace Stevens, among others, has a famous poem about it.

'''Cloisters Court''' 

Cloisters Court, part of Girton College, Cambridge University.

'''King's''' 
King's College, Cambridge University. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:22, 8 January 2007 (PST)

'''Queen Anne's Gate''' 

Some part of the British Home Office is, or was, located in the London (Westminster) street named Queen Anne's Gate. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:22, 8 January 2007 (PST)

'''Newnham''' 
An all-women's college at Cambridge, founded in 1871.

'''Wrangleresses''' 
Made-up: top female Math Scholars at Cambridge. Top students were called Wranglers, all male at this time. "Cambridge University and within it of the Mathematics Tripos, the competitive graduation examination process that ranked candidates in order of “Wrangler”" ...

'''Phillippa Fawcett''' 
???

'''Grace Chisolm and Will Young''' 
???

'''nautch-girl''' 
notch-girl? A woman who could 'notch' a lot of men?

An exotic dancer, more or less. This whole phrase "nautch-girl extravagance of looks and self-possession" refers to the sense of dominance the stripper feels over the yawps in the audience.

'''socio-acrobatic aggrandizement''' 
'social climbing'

'''''opium beer''''' 
laudanum?, if not literally.

'''duc de Richelieu''' 
Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (September 9, 1585 – December 4, 1642), was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman.

Consecrated as a bishop in 1607, he later entered politics, becoming a Secretary of State in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Church and the state, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642;
from Wikipedia.

'''Line and staff''' 
Cyprian's father sees his profession in the City as analogous to the profession of arms. Officers in the British and most other armies of the time were classified as "line," those commanding troops, and "staff," those performing administrative and planning functions.

==Page 491==

'''the City''' 
Major banks and other big-money institutions are located in the City of London, a fairly small subset of Metropolitan London.

'''can't ''ever'' tell''' 
Dog-eat-dog capitalism?

'''Reginald "Ratty" McHugh''' 

'''"fifteen years later'''
Reginald nodded appreciatively FIFTEEN YEARS OR SO LATER?...What is going
on here time-wise?

'''one more flag''' 
IE, his father's wallpaper brand.

'''Balkan Sobranies''' 
An upscale brand of cigarette.

'''lilies-and-lassitude humor of the '90s''' 
Cult of Oscar Wilde?
Aubrey Beardsley and the pre-Raphaelites?

'''table d'hôte''' 
French: host's table. In a restaurant, a meal chosen by the management, no substitutions please. If the appetizer is shrimp and you don't like shrimp, then don't eat the appetizer.

'''Very well, I contradict myself.''' 
Walt Whitman allusion. See Leaves of Grass. Next line in ADT affirms this.

==Page 492==

'''divine... prosaic''' 
(Walt was of course prosaic himself before he became divine.)

'''xanthocroid''' 
Prefix xantho- is from Greek and means yellow. Does the whole word mean "yellow-haired"?

'''Capsheaf''' 
Is this a third speaker, or another name for Ratty?

'''viva''' 
Slangy short form of ''viva voce,'' an oral examination.

'''Crayke''' 
???

'''''D'accord''''' 
French: right, OK.

'''reputation for viciousness''' 
???

'''croft''' 
Farm.

'''Mavis Grind''' 
???

'''orthopædic journals''' 
???

'''Dymphna''' 
After [http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/saintd01.htm St. Dymphna,] whose intercession is effective against insanity, possession and epilepsy.

'''decks full of hearts''' 
(52 or 13 per deck?)

==Page 493==

'''Thucydides... remind me''' 
Thucydides' book is an account of the Peloponnesian war, organized in a rather difficult method in which all the actions of one season are described before proceeding to the next. Here are some erotic possibilities in it, however: 
-Pericles, in his famous funeral oration, says the citizen ought to have an eros for the city. 
-At one point some Athenians are lured out of a garrison by way of a gymnastic (that is male, nude) demonstration. 
-On the eve of the fateful Sicilian expedition, all the oversized phalloi of the hermes are mysteriously knocked off. One of the generals on the expedition, Alcibiades, is accused of the offense and is eventually called called back. In Plato's Symposium Alcibiades drunkenly crashes the party and confesses that Socrates has consistently spurned his sexual advances.

In this context, Thucydides is proposed specifically for its non-erotic qualities. Indeed it is hard to imagine a less erotic work. It is suggested for Cyprian Latewood to help him get over his infatuation with Yashmeen.

'''McHugh''' 
Talking to self?

'''alfresceehwh''' 
An alfresco, an outdoor gathering. ''-eehwh'' is a rendering of the accent for comic effect.

'''Lorelei, Noellyn, and Faun''' 
Lorelei, more frequently "Loreley": In a famous German myth, a mermaid sitting on a rock by the river Rhine. The rock itself is also named Loreley. With her song, she bewitches the captains of passing ships, who then steer into the rock. The syllable "Ley" derives from a Celtic word for "stone".

Faun: Faunus, the Roman god of fertility, also responsible for nightmares. Fauns are also the Romans counterparts of the Greek "satyrs", followers of Dionysos. Faunus is playing a flute, another connection to music.

Noellyn ??

'''"all blonde, of course"''' 
with all the Germanic mythology around here, possibly a reference to the "blonde/blue-eyed"-cliche of German women.

'''High Albedo''' 
Albedo: power of reflecting light. Blondes reflect more light than brunettes.

'''"dark rock...again and again"''' 
cf "Lorelei"

'''Pinky''' 
Nicknames opposite of truth?

''''''sans merci'''''' 
a reference to Keats's 19th century Romantic ballad 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci'. The lady of the title entraps men by making them fall in love with her and abandoning them.

==Page 494==

'''wrong altar''' 
She, a lesbian, tells him that he 'worships' a woman who is wrong for him.

'''gnomic tenses''' 
Gnomic = marked by aphorisms; aphoristic...'gnomic verse, a gnomic style".
American Heritage Dictionary.

'''circs''' 
Short form (typically British): circumstances.

''''If she's not content with a vegetable love'''' 
a reference to Marvell's seventeenth century poem 'To His Coy Mistress'. "Vegetable love" refers to the slow, slow way he would let his love grow, to become "vaster than empires and more slow" had they "world enough and time", but since they don't, since they are in human time, he is trying to 'convince' her to make love with him now.

'''Rugby blue''' 
To be a 'Rugby blue' means to have represented Oxford (colour: dark blue) or Cambridge (light blue) at Rugby, which is a major European sport, invented, supposedly, at Rugby school in England in the nineteenth century.

'''Mâconnais''' 
This refers to a bargain sub-Burgundian wine that comes from the Macon region of France.

'''George Grossmith...and that jolly Weedon''' 

George and Weedon Grossmith, authors of the sublime, hillarious 'Diary of a Nobody', which gave the world the adjective 'pooterish'. Undoubtedly an influence on Pynchon's depictions of the 'oh dear' side of Englishness. Pooter is a 'nobody' who decides to publish his diaries, even though he is of no interest and nothing of any note occurs. A prototypical blogger, some might suggest. Originally published in Punch magazine (I think), set in late 19th Century. Don't know if the Grossmiths went to Cambridge, will check....

The elder George Grossmith performed in Gilbert and Sullivan works. He was not university-educated. The younger G.G. was also a noted performer and collaborated with P.G. Wodehouse.

[plenty of info here: http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/english/DON/Diary_Home.htm]

==Page 495==

'''Junior or Senior?''' 
expressions used at traditional English (independent) schools to refer to younger and older brothers. Thus Smith Junior or Smith Senior.

See Grossmith entry on preceding page.

'''"Small hands, some evidence of early trauma, cp. Wilhelm II file"''' 
Wilhelm II suffered an injury at birth and had a withered arm. All his photographs show him with the "small hand" in his pocket.

Wikipedia: William II, German Emperor
Reign 1888-1918
Born 27 January 1859
Berlin, Germany
Died 4 June 1941
Doorn, Netherlands
Predecessor Frederick III
Successor None (monarchy abolished)

Royal House House of Hohenzollern
William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Victor) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.

The role of William II in German history is sometimes a controversial issue in historical scholarship. Initially seen as an important, but embarrassing figure in German history until the late 1950s, for many years after that, the dominant view was that he had little or no influence on German policy leading up to the First World War. This has been challenged since the late 1970s, particularly by Professor John C. G. Röhl who saw William II as the key figure in understanding the recklessness and subsequent downfall of Imperial Germany.[1]

more Pynchon and Germany.

'''"Map of the World"''' 
???

'''Newmarket''' 
A famous English race-course, hence the following reference to the 'racing season'.

'''Morse and Vassilev''' 
???

'''East Rumelian''' 
Rumelia was a Turkish province in the Balkan Peninsula. East Rumelia lay mostly in what is now Bulgaria. (Cf. P.356 and note to P.356).

'''''zadruga''''' 
Bulgarian: labor cooperative.

'''''tchifliks''''' 
Bulgarian: farms.

'''''gradinarski druzhini''''' 
Bulgarian: gardening (or farming?) associations.

'''gossamer''' 
Pynchon draws him as 'wet' as possible?

==Page 496==

'''sod... pouffe''' 
Derogatory terms for homosexual ("sod" from "sodomite").

'''failed canards''' 
Discredited rumors.

'''Lent... Easter... Long Vacation''' 
???

'''Colonial Office''' 
??? 
Defunct British Ministry, later Foreign & Colonial Office, now Foreign & Commonwealth Office.

'''Okhrana''' 
a secret police force of the Russian Empire and part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhrana Wikipedia Entry]

'''Ballhausplatz''' 
Location of the Austrian State Chancellery and Foreign Ministry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballhausplatz Wikipedia Entry]

'''Wilhelmstrasse''' 
Administrative Center of the Kingdom of Prussia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmstrasse Wikipedia Entry]

'''G.F.B. Riemann''' 
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann. A German mathematician who did extensive work in differential geometry. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Riemann/ Wikipedia Entry]

'''Zeta function... conjecture''' 
The Riemann zeta function. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function/ Wikipedia Entry]

''''joint'''' 
Opium den.

'''Bob's your uncle''' 
An English and Commonwealth expression referring to the ease with which something can be done. Still used, though probably more common in the time in which ''Against the Day'' is set. Possible [http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/70100.html derivations].

'''Limehouse''' 
An area of East London that borders on the River Thames near the Isle of Dogs. The name may derive from the fact that sailors were about as this was a point of embarkation for sea journeys. In the late 19th century the area was famous for opium dens [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limehouse Wikipedia].

==Page 497==

'''excess''' 
(So not wholly gossamer?)

'''Coronation Red''' 
???

'''Ranji and C.B. Fry''' 
Two notable cricketers who would have been in their prime when the novel is set. Both played for England. 'Ranji' is short for Ranjitsinhji and is how he was familiarly known.

'''Australian season''' 
A reference to the Australian cricket season which runs throughout their summer and the Eurpopean winter.

'''New Court''' 
???

'''Tavernier-Gravet slide rules''' 
French-made, some with special scales (slope conversions, etc.). [http://discover.com/issues/aug-03/features/featslide/ Photograph.]

'''High Church''' 
Anglican

'''Mags and Nuncs and Matins responsories''' 
A responsory is a form of (Christian) chant (call and response, perhaps), which is here qualified by Latin designations for specific prayers. 
Nunc = Now. 
Matin = Morning.

'''not Zion''' 
???

'''Compline hour''' 
??? 
bedtime. Compline is the last prayers or service of the day.

'''Te Deum''' 
Te Deum = To God (Latin).

'''Khaki Election''' 
???

'''Filtham''' 
???

==Page 498==

'''violation of . . . child-labor statutes''' 
If such laws applied to children in the choirs of Cambridge colleges, the great length of the composition would keep them at work too many hours.

'''chromaticism... Richard Strauss''' 
???

'''Staindrop''' 
???

'''"Filtham's Tedium"''' 
(Talk about overlabored puns...)

'''dress regulations''' 
???

'''Gauss''' 
Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician in the late 18th and early 19th centuries [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss Wikipedia]. Riemann was a student of his.

'''Ramanujan''' 
Famous Cambridge mathematician..Poor savant from India invited to Cambridge by G.H. Hardy after he wrote him a letter asking abstruse mathematical questions

'''revisited, in some way 'relighted' the scene''' 
Light, mental light.

'''display of hurt feelings''' 
Cf p30.

==Page 499==

'''light up''' 
Dark world vs spark of value.

'''ζ-function''' 
Another reference to the Riemann zeta function.

'''Hilbert thinks of nothing else''' 
???

'''desire... of rather a specialized sort''' 
???

'''Great Eastern''' 
Railway linking Cambridge and London.

==Page 500==

'''Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia''' 
Sofia Kovalevskaia was the first woman to apply for a mathematics degree at the University of Goettingen in Germany. She was not accepted at the university, but was allowed to tutor under one of the university's math professors. She wrote a paper there that became an important part of the theory of differential equations.

'''sounds like maths''' 
Yashmeen seems to see 'maths' as otherwordly.

'''folio''' 
an edition of a book in pages that fold in half to make the leaves of a codex.

'''four-color chromolithograph''' 
Chromo--in Chemistry, chromium

'''Snazzbury''' 
???

'''Silent Frock''' 
Cf noise-canceling headphones.

'''toilette''' 
No longer in use in modern english, the term 'toilette' indicated a dressing table covered to the floor with cloth (toile) and lace, on which stood a dressing glass, which might also be draped in lace. Wikipedia

It's still used, and in addition to the dressing table meaning, it refers to how somebody is "got up"--dress, makeup and all.

==Page 501==

'''green, white, and mauve stripes''' 
Colors associated with the Suffragette Movement of the time.Diane Atkinson, one of the leading contemporary scholars on the suffrage movement, edited a book, Suffragettes in the Purple, White, and Green London 1906-1914, which served as a catalog at an exhibition of suffrage memorabilia at the Museum of London and which discusses the symbolism. Atkinson notes that the color scheme was devised by Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence, treasurer and co-editor of the weekly newspaper Votes for Women. In the spring 1908 issue of that paper, Pethick-Lawrence explained the symbolism of the colors:

"Purple as everyone knows is the royal colour. It stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of every suffragette, the instinct of freedom and dignity...white stands for purity in private and public life...green is the colour of hope and the emblem of spring."

'''black crepon''' 
The shell is made of black rayon crepon and fully lined to within 2" of bottom hem. From a description of a black [nursing] dress online.

'''Italian-cloth''' 
The Champagne fairs were a circuit of six cloth fairs in the towns of Champagne and Brie, changing location every two months and spanning the year from January to October. At their height, in the 13th century, the Champagne fairs linked the cloth-producing cities of the Low Countries with the Italian dyeing and exporting centers. The fairs, which were already well-organized at the start of the century, were one of the earliest manifestations of a linked European economy, a characteristic of the High Middle Ages.

The towns provided huge warehouses, still to be seen at Provins. From the north came woolens and linen cloth. Wikipedia.

==Page 502==

'''modern lettering''' 
Refers to Art Nouveau lettering popular at the turn of the 20th century and still commonly used on entrance signs for Paris metro stations.

'''"a kind of helical ramp"''' 
Possibly a reference to the Riemann Sphere, which is built in large part upon complex numbers and which look something like a helix. 
[[Image:Riemann Sphere.jpg]]

'''L'ARIMEAUX ET QUEURLIS''' 
Larry, Moe, and Curly's

'''twilling''' 
Twill = A fabric with diagonal parallel ribs. 2. The weave used to produce such a fabric.
TRANSITIVE VERB: Inflected forms: twilled, twill·ing, twills
To weave (cloth) so as to produce a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs. From The American Heritage Dictionary

==Page 503==

'''Earl's Court Wheel''' 
Earl's Court is an area of London. A Ferris Wheel there.

Another "paramorphic" parallel to our time: The London Eye, a huge Ferris Wheel built for the Millenium Exposition of 2000. The trip around is not, as Yasmeen notes, thermodynamically reversible, since one would be "changed forever" in the course of the journey around the wheel (in the Heraclitean sense that "No man steps in the same river twice"--the river changes.) 
This is the connection between entropy in thermodynamics and entropy in information theory, embodied in Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon], at the center of Pynchon's ''Crying of Lot 49'', now back as a problem in non-Euclidean geometries and multiple dimensions.

'''whelks''' 
A whelk is a large marine gastropod (snail) found in temperate waters.

'''Chinese Turkestan railway shares''' 
Chinese Turkestan is where the Chums of Chance are currently, in the sub-desertine vehicle.

'''jellied eel''' 
An East End of London delicacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellied_eels Wikipedia]

'''West Ham, the Park, Upton Lane, lads all in claret and blue''' 
The "lads in claret and blue" are kicking a football around, as they are players of current Premiership side West Ham United. Founded in 1895, the "Hammers" are playing their home games at Boleyn Ground aka "Upton Park". Yep, soccer.

'''lupine liminality''' 
Latin: lupus = wolf, limen = threshold. Allusion to the proverbial wolf at the door.

Lupine = any of a genus (Lupinus) of leguminous herbs including some poisonous forms and others cultivated for their long showy racemes of usually blue, purple, white, or yellow flowers or for green manure, fodder, or their edible seeds; also : an edible lupine seed.

The liminal state is characterized by ambiguity, openness, and indeterminacy. One's sense of identity dissolves to some extent, bringing about disorientation. Liminality is a period of transition, during which your normal limits to thought, self-understanding, and behavior are relaxed, opening the way to something new.

'''hydrangeas''' 
a kind of flower. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrangea Wikipedia]

'''Hardy,''' 
Cf. p. 239. G.H. (Godfrey Harold) Hardy (1877-1947),famous Cambridge mathematician [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._H._Hardy Wikipedia]. He wrote "A Mathematician's Apology" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Mathematician%27s_Apology Wikipedia] [http://www.math.ualberta.ca/~mss/books/A%20Mathematician's%20Apology.pdf Full Text]. Knew all the most famous intellectuals and was
himself very influential.

==Page 504==

'''Harwich... German Sea''' 
Harwich is a town in Essex, England, located on the coast with the North Sea to the east.The North Sea historically also known as the German Ocean. By the late nineteenth century, German Sea was a rare, scholarly usage ...

"The German Sea" is also a public house (p. 489).

'''Hook of Holland''' 
Hoek van Holland in the Netherlands. It is not a hook but the southwest ''corner'' of South-Holland province (Dutch ''hoek'' = corner).

'''madhouse at Osnabrück''' 
OSNABRUCK, a town and episcopal see of Germany, in the Prussian province of Hanover, situated on the Hase, 70 m. W. of the city of Hanover, 31 m. by rail N.E. of Munster, and at the junction of the lines Hamburg-Cologne and BerlinAmsterdam. Pop. (1905) 59,5 80. The lunatic asylum occupies a former nunnery.

==Page 505==

'''plug hats''' 
a plug hat may be a top hat or a bowler hat.

'''Cobh''' 
the historic port town of Cobh Ireland. Many ocean liners sailed from there, including the Titanic... the port of Queenstown (now known as Cobh)

==Page 506==

'''Euclid''' 
Avenue of classy mansions in Cleveland

'''elms in Cleveland''' 
(Before Dutch elm disease?)

'''went on for years''' 
the Krakatoa eruption put dust and ashes aloft for years.

'''Shorty''' 
the 'short-order' cook?

==Page 507==

'''how little I cared''' 
(Blaming Krakatoa???)Seems to me she is saying that her feelings for Bert faded, as everything was, maybe, supposed to, as had the fantastic sunsets
caused by Krakatoa when they got back to ordinary.

'''palm upward''' 
???

'''Prospect Avenue''' 
???

'''leaf-spring suspension''' 
??? 
A form of suspension for wheeled vehicles. Still very occasionally used in automobiles, but more likely nowadays to be seen on a perambulator. Named for shape of the suspension coils.

'''overrun''' 
the excess kerosene when made.

'''Flats''' 
lands around the Cuyahoga River.

==Page 508==

'''Cuyahoga''' 
Major river in Ohio that goes around Cleveland. Famous in the 60's for literally catching on fire from the combustible pollutants in it. Here, Pynchon shows that industrial pollution and its effect on the river. "It's like looking down into the sky".

'''your exact face''' 
(How common?)

'''allow Erlys do''' 
typo in first edition.

==Page 509==

'''descending minor triad''' 
in music, an interval of three half tones.

'''Svengali''' 
In George Du Maurier's novel ''Trilby'' (1894), the hypnotist who makes the title character a great singer but keeps her under rigorous control.

'''tea roses''' 
Yellow-orange roses.

'''cosmos''' 
???

==Page 510==

'''first momentous glance''' 
Page 349 only?

'''Elis''' 
Yale University students, called so after founder Eli Yale.

==Page 511==

'''preferring''' 
Cf Rose in "Titanic".

'''Root Tubsmith''' 
???

'''Fuchs, Schwarz... Frobenius''' 
Frobenius: German mathematician [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Georg_Frobenius], possibly important here for his contributions to Group Theory and to topology [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenius_theorem_%28differential_topology%29].

'''Professor Manning''' 
???

'''language difference''' 
Kit and Root both speak English, but in different mathematical dialects.

'''Marseilles''' 
Second largest city of France; Mediterannean port, legendarily corrupt.

'''species of tarantella''' 
Tarantella is a fast dance or dance tune in 6/8 time. Probably named for Taranto, not tarantula.

'''dreamed it''' 
(Page?)

'''Cigar Deck''' 
???

==Page 512==

'''how to stop looking''' 
Cf p27.

'''lobelias''' 
Plant or flower of the genus Lobelia. At least one member of the genus is blue (Blue Lobelia.

'''Victor Herbert''' 
Irish-born American composer (1859-1924) of songs, operettas, light classics.

'''Wolf-Ferrari''' 
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876-1948), born in Venice, composer of many extremely popular operas.

==Page 513==

'''1st Edition Typo''' 
"She smlled falsely"

'''Reuben''' 
A hick, as in the carnie's cry, "Hey, Rube".

==Page 515==

'''high-hatting''' 
Snubbing, cutting.

'''memories of desert plateau, mountian peaks...some unexpected river''' 
Instantly recognizable to anyone familiar with the back-country Rocky Mountains.
Cf also the description of the landscape Frank's riding through on page 394/395.

'''twenty-knot push''' 
The ship is making twenty knots (20 nautical miles per hour), hence generating a twenty knot wind toward the stern.

'''uncreated''' 
Featureless? ongoing present becoming the future as compared to his memories.

The watery void of Genesis, before creation of the land and life.

'''after 1914''' 
Still 10 years away.

'''S.M.S. ''Emperor Maximilian''''' 
S.M.S.: Seiner Majestäts Schiff, His Majesty's Ship (German or, as in this case, Austrian). One Habsburg Emperor Maximilian was set up in Mexico, then deposed and killed.

'''25,000-ton''' 
The ship's displacement (measure of its size).

'''dreadnoughts''' 
''HMS Dreadnought'' gave her name to a new philosophy that governed the design of capital ships beginning in the 1890s and continuing past the 1920s: high speed, heavy armor, heavy investment in the "main battery" and de-emphasis of secondary battery, main battery comprising the largest practicable guns mounted in turrets on the ship's centerline.

'''Slavonian''' 
Perhaps a deceptive name for the company; Slavonia was an inland province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, east of Croatia; Trieste would have beenin Slovenia.

'''Schultz-Thorneycroft''' 
???

'''Parsons turbines''' 
???

'''British men-o'-war''' 
Warships.

==Page 516==

'''shell-rooms-to-be and giant powder magazines''' 
''Stupendica'' contains spaces that will belong to ''Maximilian'' on her transformation. (Indeed, she must contain the shells and powder too.)

'''circular cabins''' 
A battleship turret extends several decks below the gunhouse. No doubt there were stacks of these circular cabins.

'''twelve-inch barrels''' 
Dreadnoughts progressed from 8-inch main guns to 12-inch in a couple of decades.

'''shelter deck''' 
???

'''to fold upward''' 
Transformer fashion.

'''casemates''' 
Turrets.

'''freeboard''' 
The amount of the ship above the water. You need a certain amount of freeboard to maintain balance, but battleships try to limit it as much as possible (so as to present a smaller target).

'''"Dazzle" camouflage''' 
Patterns as described in the text, meant to confuse enemy eyes. Camouflage techniques used in World War I were developed in part by magician Jasper Maskelyne, a descendant of the Astronomer Royal in ''Mason & Dixon.''

'''dihedrals''' 
A dihedral is the figure formed by two planes intersecting in a line. The bow of a ship is pretty close.

'''Fangsley''' 
???

'''less horizontally disposed''' 
less level

Passenger liner has as many decks as possible above waterline. Warship has as many as possible ''below'' waterline, hence it's "taller."

'''Lloyd Arsenale''' 
???

'''Stabilimento Tecnico''' 
Italian: technical establishment?

==Page 517==

'''''merged''''' 
Pynchon writes about bilocation in a peculiar sense: not necessarily one person being in two places, but one ''place'' being two (or one language being two, Dutch/Flemish, Serbian/Croatian).

'''Promontorio''' 
???

'''O.I.C. Bodine''' 
"Oh, I see" Bodine?. Cf. Pig Bodine from ''V.'', also ''GR'' and ''Mason & Dixon.''

O.I.C: Oiler-in-Chief?

'''fermented potato mash''' 
Cf Veikko's vodka p82.

'''four shafts''' 
Four propellers.

'''''Mauretania''''' 
HMS Mauretania, launched 1907, sister ship of the ill-fated Lusitania (the sinking of the latter propelled the US into WW I). Served as Cunard liner, troopship, hospital ship in WW I.

'''''Zu befehl, Herr Hauptheitzer''''' 
German: Ready for orders, Chief Stoker. (Should be ''Zu Befehl, Herr Hauptheizer.'')

'''Black Gang''' 
The stoking crew, turned black by coal dust.

'''Oberhauptheitzer''' 
German: Master Chief Stoker. (Should be: ''Oberhauptheizer.'')

'''Mannlicher''' 
German military pistol.

'''''"Dampf mehr!"''''' 
German for "more steam!" (Should be: ''Mehr Dampf!'')

'''singlet''' 
Undershirt.

==Page 518==

'''ignorant off''' 
Typo in First Edition.

'''Marconi room''' 
Radio shack.

'''design maximum of nine degrees''' 
''Maximilian'' will right herself from a nine-degree heel but may be in trouble if she leans over farther.

'''nymphs''' 
Stage in the life cycle of many insects, including the cockroach.

'''''"Porca miseria"''''' 
Italian: good grief, for heaven's sake, dammit.

==Page 519==

'''tight circle''' 
Military as inane as circus clowns.

'''southeast by east''' 
The compass rose has 32 points, each 11 and a quarter degrees from the next. Southeast by east is one point to the east of southeast, i.e., 123 and three-quarters degrees clockwise from north.

'''deeper levels''' 
(Eg particle vs wave?)

'''A "deeper level" where dualities are resolved''' 
Engine room is far below the main deck, therefore a deeper level. The ''Stupendica/Maximilian'' duality is resolved there because it's a shared space.

'''Chinese''' 
???

'''''nicht wahr''''' 
German: aint it true?

'''Graz''' 
Capital of the Austrian province of Styria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Wikipedia]

'''bilge-crab''' 
???

==Page 520==

'''a Teutonic''' 
Ethnically a German. Tiny dig at S. Weisenburger? The ''GR Companion'' uses this odd noun ("Teuton" is more obvious) in the gloss at V602.12-13.

'''Mulai Ahmed er-Raisuli''' 
Infamous Morrocan outlaw/warlord. From this [http://www.explorers.org/publications/books_club/imprint/housetears.php website]: "Several decades before Saddam Hussein, Osama bin Laden, and Islamic insurgents, an international crisis ignited between the United States and the Middle East. In May 1904 Moroccan warlord Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli kidnapped Ion Perdicaris, a wealthy Greek-American resident of Tangier, in an attempt to extort money from the Sultan of Morocco. President Theodore Roosevelt responded with his "big stick" approach to diplomacy by dispatching a squadron of seven battleships to the Moroccan coast with the order: "Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead." The nine-week standoff, with US troops and ships in Tangier Bay and Raisuli holding fort in the mountains, exposed the impotence of emerging American power and a critical misunderstanding about Moroccan politics. When it was discovered that Perdicaris was not an American citizen after all, the US government kept the embarrassing episode a secret until 1933. Profiting royally from the conflict, Raisuli built his palace, which he called the "House of Tears"." [http://www.capitalcentury.com/1904.html another source]

'''Agadir, Queen of the Iron Coast''' 
Agadir is a city in southwest Morocco, capital of the Souss-Massa-Dra region. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agadir Wikipedia] From the [http://www.jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/MOL_MOS/MOROCCO.html Encyclopedia Britannica]: "Sixty miles farther south lies Mogador, beyond which the coast becomes more and more inaccessible and dangerous in winter, being known to navigators as the " Iron Coast." From Cape Sim (Ras Tagriwalt), to m. south of Mogador, the direction is due south to Cape Ghir (Ighir Ufrani), the termination of Jebel Ida u Taman, a spur of the Atlas. Beyond this headland lies Agadir (Agadir Ighir), the Santa Cruz Mayor or Santa Cruz de Berberia
of the Spaniards, formerly known as the Gate of the Sudan.' It is a little town with white battlements three-quarters of a mile in circumference, on a steep eminence 600 ft. high." [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=AGADIR old postcards from Agadir]

'''''colonists''...justify German interests...shadow-colonists''' 
In July 1911, the german gunboat "Panther" approached the harbour of Agadir under the pretext to protect german citizens from Sus-tribesmen, resulting in the "Agadir-Crisis" and nearly triggering WW I three years early. As there were no german citizens to protect in Agadir, so one had to be dispatched from Mogador. [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/05/23/its_not_the_first_war_under_false_pretenses/ source]

'''...destined for plantation...''' 
Typo in First Edition.

'''Sus... Susi''' 
The Sous Basin [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souss Wikipedia] and it‘s inhabitants, probably.

'''Abdel Aziz''' 
Sultan of Morocco 1894-1908 (aged 10-24yrs.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelaziz_of_Morocco Wikipedia]

'''Canaries''' 
Canary Islands, about 80 miles off Morocco‘s Atlantic coast [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_islands Wikipedia]

'''Many would go crazy and set out in small boats...''' 
Another paramorpic mirror image of our century. The Canaries, a Spanish possession, are the goal of untold thousands of would-be African entrants to the EU, i.e. a route of illegal immigration.

'''Lübeck''' 
Lübeck is the second-largest city in Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck Wikipedia]

'''Berbers''' 
The Berbers (also called Amazigh people or Imazighen, "free men") are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. In actuality, Berber is a generic name given to numerous heterogeneous ethnic groups that share similar cultural, political, and economic practices. It is not a term originated by the group itself. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people Wikipedia]. Berbers of southwestern Morocco usually belong to the ones known as Chleuhs [http://c.1asphost.com/imazighen/chleuhs/algeria.htm pics]

==Page 521==

'''tree-climbing goats''' 
Can be seen often, esp. in Morocco [http://www.markhorrell.com/travel/morocco/antiatlas/goats3.html Pic]

'''argan trees''' 
The Argan (Argania spinosa, syn. A. sideroxylon Roem. & Schult.) is a species of tree endemic to the calcareous semi-desert Sous valley of southwestern
Morocco. It is the sole species in the genus Argania. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argan_tree Wikipedia]

'''Gnaoua''' 
The Gnawa or Gnaoua refers at once to a style of Moroccan music with sub-Saharan Africa origins or influence, an ethnic group and religious order at least in part descended from former slaves from Sub-Saharan Africa or black Africans migrated in caravans with the Trans-Saharan trade, or a combination of both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnawa Wikipedia] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/english/gallery/music/gnawa.html more on Gnaoua] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/french/galerie/musique/mp3/gnaoua.mp3 Gnaoua music sample mp3] [http://www.ibiblio.org/gnawastories/GNAWA%20STORIES20cDRIVE.swf nicely made site on Gnawa]

'''''mlouk gnaoui''''' 
Mlouk is the plural of melk, a supernatural entity envoked in the Gnawa rituals. Various types are known and they are distinguished by colors. The following is a google translation of the relevant paragraph from [http://www.bladi.net/2556-les-differents-aspects-de-la-culture-gnaouie.html this site]: "The mlouk are of male or female sex, Moslems or Jews. Their color corresponds to their origins. Thus one distinguishes the mlouks from the sea (bahriyin) to which one allots the light blue; the celestial ones (samaouiyin), have as a color dark blue; the mlouk of the forest (rijal el ghaba), originating in Africa, have as a color the black just like the mlouk pertaining to the troop of Sidi Mimoun, finally the red mlouk (Al homar), related to blood and which haunt the slaughter-houses, have as a color the red. The white and the green, colors symbols of Islam sunnite, are reserved to the called upon saints, in particular Moulay Abdelkader Jilali and Chorfa. To the female mlouk three colors are allotted: the yellow for the coquettery of Lala Reflected, the red for Lala Rkia for its capacity to cure the menorrhagia and the black for Lala Aïcha Kendisha because of its Sudanese origin. The Jewish mlouks which are sometimes called upon after the troop of the female mlouk have the black color. Incense fumigations of various perfumes accompany the invocations by these mlouks, with a preference however for the benzoin or jaoui."

'''Seigneurs Noirs''' 
French: Black Lords. According to the above translation, those most probably are jewish mlouks.

'''Bardo State''' 
Tibetan Bhuddist belief in a state between two mortal incarnations, during which one has direct perception of reality--for better or worse, Karmically speaking. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo]

'''Habsburg navy''' 
Austrian Navy

'''Mogador road''' 
Mogador" is a city and tourist resort in Morocco, near Marrakech on the Atlantic coast. (31°30′47″N)
Mogador is another name for Essaouira [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogador Wkipedia] north of Agadir. [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=MOGADOR old postcards Mogador]

'''Tawil Balak''' 
In the Liner Notes for the Album "Love Songs of Lebanon" [http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/trackdetail.aspx?itemid=29129 downloadable from this site] the song ''Tawil Balak Ya Habboub'' translates as "Patience, My Love" - Tawil Balak being the Patience part. (Thats one nice soundtrack, btw!)

"Tawil", according to web-searches, is arabic for "allegorical explanation/interpretation/exegese" (of the Qu‘ran and Sunna texts). "Balak" might refer to the according Tora reading (Parsah) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balak_%28parsha%29 Wikipedia]. cf. Balaam‘s Ass p. 432. Do the cosmopolitan regulars at the bar like Moises spend their time interpreting holy texts?

'''Rahman''' 
???

'''''Fomalhaut''''' 
The Maritime Digital Encyclopedia lists a "Dutch Vessel" named "Formalhaut" [http://www.ibiblio.org/maritime/photolibrary/displayimage.php?album=lastup&cat=688&pos=0 pic].

According to several websites [http://skytonight.com/news/3310401.html?showAll=y&c=y 1] [http://www.skyscript.co.uk/pis_aus.html 2] [http://www.icoproject.org/star.html 3] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomalhaut Wikipedia] etc. Fomalhaut is the 17th or 18th brightest star as seen from our planet and is located in the constellation called Pisces Austrinus (Southern Fish). The name derives from the Arabic Fum (or Fam) al-Hut, meaning "Mouth of the Fish" or according to a few web-resources the contributor has just visited, "Mouth of the Whale". The latter would mean its a strong connotation with the Biblical Legend of Jonah and the Whale (see annotations for this page below (not a spoiler, i hope).

Among most readers of Science-Fiction "Fomalhaut" is a location as common as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldebaran "Aldebaran"] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_%28constellation%29 "Cassiopeia"].

As per today (07 01 10) the Wikipedia-Entry on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon_Fomalhaut Demon Fomalhaut] is just a stub. According to most sites the contributor just visited, claiming credibility in the Book of Enoch [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Enoch Wikipedia] and due to some more non-canonical catergorizations, Fomalhaut seems to be a member of the infamous gang of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallen_angel Fallen Angels], a daredevil companero to Lucifer that is. This sub-summation in a hierarchy of angels might refer to some astrological/-nomical constellations of the star Fomalhaut as is.

As usual, with TP, we dont know for sure if theres some outlandish pun intended/-cluded in the name of a person or thing. What, to give variety to it, about a german compositive noun? Ger. "formal" = formal (like in formal behavior) + "haut" = skin; "Formal Skin".

'''Moïsés''' 
???

'''Jonah... Massa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonah Jonah Wikipedia Entry] [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/jonah/jonah.html "Jonah on the Web"] From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco website]: "Some 60 m. farther south (from Agadir), at the mouth of a river known by the same name, is the roadstead of Massa, with a mosque popularly reputed the scene of Jonah's restoration to terra firma."

==Page 522==

'''Two Fishes, two Jonahs, two Agadirs?''' 
The Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 mentions rabbinic literature regarding two fishes - one male, one female - having swallowed Jonah: check out the "fish" paragraph [http://72.14.221.104/search?q=cache:8_12F1Yp1YoJ:www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp%3Fartid%3D388%26letter%3DJ+jonah+encyclopedia&hl=de&gl=at&ct=clnk&cd=1 here]. Both Tarshish (Cadiz), the "Agadir" in southwestern Spain, and Agadir in Morocco likely were founded by the Phoenicians: "Cadiz bears a Phoenician name, a deformation of Gaddir (wall), which we find in the Berber city of Agadir in Morroco." [http://faculty.uml.edu/jgarreau/50.315/Europ1.htm source]

'''kashbah''' 
Wikipedia entries on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasbah Kasbah] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casbah Casbah] [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/AGADIR/agadir-la-casbah-vue-en-avion.jpg The Casbah of Agadir as seen from above]

'''Ighir Ufrani''' 
a.k.a Cape Ghir, a cape north of Agadir.

'''''Mogador herring''...''alimzah''...''tasargelt''''' 
From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco Morocco Entry]: "Occasionally a small shoal (of mackarel) may be found as far south as Mogador. Soles, turbot, bream, bass, conger eel and mullet are common along the coast, and southern Morocco is visited occasionally by shoals of a large fish called the azlimzah (sciaena aquila), rough scaled and resembling a cod, and the tasargelt (Temnodon saltator), the "blue fish" of North America. Crayfish, prawns, oysters and mussels swarm in the rocky places, but the natives have no proper method of catching them, and edible crabs seem unknown. The tunny, pilchard and sardine, and a kind of shad known as the "Mogador herring," all prove at times of practical importance."

azlimzah (sciaena aquila) [http://www.finerareprints.com/animals/histoire_naturelle/vol_hn_fish_4999.htm pic] (the lower one).

tasargelt (Temnodon saltator) [http://www.amatorbalikci.net/resimupload/lufer.jpg pic] (not sure if this is the real thing!)

'''scruff''' 
???

'''Staketsel''' 
According to the [http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staketsel Dutch Wikipedia] and its link to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier english site] this means "pier". [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=oostende&name=20040909-004 pic]

'''lazarettes''' 
Below-decks storage space in the stern of a vessel. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarette].

'''''mon chou''''' 
"My cabbage." A french term of affection.

==Page 523==

'''moon deck''' 
???

'''lower orlop''' 
Lowest deck of a multi-decked vessel (OED).

'''lateen-riggers''' 
Boats or larger craft with triangular sails rigged fore-and-aft (picture: [http://www.carfilhiot.co.uk/media/1/20050607-rig.jpg]common in the Mediterannean [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateen] after introduction by the Romans in the 3rd century.

==Page 524==

'''exhilirated'''
Second occurrence of this misspelling of ''exhilarated.''

'''Piazza Grande''' 
???

'''Denza''' 
???

'''Antonio Smareglia''' 
???

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 429-459

2007-01-13T17:31:35Z

Tommaso: /* Page 436 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 431==

'''metaphorical way''' and '''lateral resurrection''' 
Cf. p. 418, where ''metaphor'' and ''lateral'' are also used in quick succession.

'''"Turkish Corner"''' 
???

'''Bactrian''' 
''Camel''. Even-toed ungulate, two-humped (twin-peaked) as compared with the one-humped dromedary.

'''Cameling''' 
Seems to mean riding on a camel, contextually.

'''light might be a ''secret determinant of history''''' 
One of the averarching themes of the book, it seems. Natural light
vs. artificial and what it means for we humans.

==Page 432==

'''fatal word''' 
"Wife".

'''C.A.C.A.''' 
Caca; Spanish for "shit". The Chums have already begun to suspect the "shit", i.e. the malevolent organization that lies behind their boys' book heroics; the reader is now made aware of a large organization (see B.I.N., below) standing behind the massive airships and their crews. We all know what about the dynamics of large organizations, and the percentage of the time they spend in serving their purported purposes. Reminiscent of Van Vogt's Law: "90% of everything is shit (caca)".

'''Gamomania''' 
"Gamos" is greek for "marriage," and mania means "mania" or "madness."

'''H.M.S.F.''' 
His Majesty's Subdesertine Frigate (p425).

'''Balaam's ass''' 
refers to Num. 22:21-34 - Balaam rides out with the princes of Moab, but the Lord sends an angel to prevent him. Balaam does not see the angel but his ass does and will not go further. Balaam smites the ass three times, to no avail, until "the Lord opened the mouth of the ass, and she said to Balaam: What have I done unto thee, that thou hast smitten me these three times?" Balaam's ass and the serpent (in the Garden of Eden) are the only speaking animals in the bible.

'''reported... Polo''' 
???

==Page 433==

'''mutatis mutandis''' 
''Medieval Latin.'' A direct translation from Latin of mutatis mutandis would read, 'with those things having been changed which need to be changed'. More colloquially, it can be interpreted as 'the necessary changes having been made,' where "the necessary changes" are usually implied by a prior statement assumed to be understood by the reader. It carries the connotation that the reader should pay attention to the corresponding differences between the current statement and a previous one, although they are analogous. This term is used frequently in economics and in law, to parameterize a statement with a new term, or note the application of an implied, mutually understood set of changes. [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutatis_mutandis].

This suggests we should view communication from the camel with the same skepticism with which we view the voices, or possibly view this communication as we would that from Balaam's ass.

'''''polygamy''''' 
Cf. Lake's conversion to (de facto) polyandry in Colorado Springs, p. 268. In both cases aquifers are the scene of the activity.

'''pan-spectral fields''' 
Well, ''pan'' means universal. As in ''panorama'', ''Pan-Am''.

Another suggestion of possible worlds.

'''"Euphrates" poplars''' 
???

'''aryq''' 
Most likely variant of Arrack (OED): name applied in Eastern countries to any liquour of native manufacture, usually distilled coconut palm sap.

'''B.I.N.''' 
Biometric Institute of Neuropathy, see p. 432.

As in "Loony bin".

'''seventeen-syllable''' 
Haiku - japanese poems consisting of 17 syllables, classically arranged in three lines of 5 - 7 - 5 syllables each

==Page 434==

'''Eta/Nu Transformators''' 
???

'''pari passu''' 
on an equal footing

'''Deep Blavatsky''' 
Named for Madame Helena Blavatsky (Helena Petrovna Hahn), founder of the Theosophical Society [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blavatsky].

==Page 435==

'''Gurkhas''' 
Nepalese forces that have fought alongside British troops.

'''German professors''' 
Likely a double allusion, first to Professor Werfner of Göttingen, referenced on p. 226, and also to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Schliemann Heinrich Schliemann], the German treasure hunter (not actually a professor) who first established the true historical location of Troy, the site of the Trojan War. His accomplishments are sadly underscored by his extremely amateurish excavation technique which destroyed as much as it extracted from the site.

'''General Forrest''' 
Nathan Bedford Forrest, rebel leader in U.S. Civil War. Although he pioneered high-mobility tactics, he may never have uttered the famous quotation; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Bedford_Forrest Wikipedia entry.]

'''archiepiscopal''' 
Pertaining to an archbishop.

'''Fabergé''' 
Russian jewelers. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Faberg%C3%A9 Wikipedia entry].

'''"appealing though they be or, shall I say, as they are"''' 
Captain Toadflax's corrects his grammatical mistake, an error that is partially obscured by the inverted construction he employs. If one straightens out his words into a more conventional form, e.g., "though they [secular pleasures] be appealing," the error is clearer: ''they'', the third person plural pronoun, requires ''are'' as a verb, i.e. ''pleasures are'' rather than ''pleasures be''. The ''OED'' lists many examples of ''be'' taking the place of ''are'' in similar contexts, but notes that this usage is either dialectal or archaic.
:Why Toadflax commits this error is less clear than what the error itself is. One possibility is that Pynchon is making an allusion to Captains Bildad and Peleg of ''Moby-Dick'', who speak in an archaic vernacular typical of New England Puritans.
::For more information, see the ''OED'', "be, v.," sub-entry, A.I.h.¶.

'''subarenaceous''' 
Below or beneath the sand (sub) + (arenaceous).

==Page 436==

'''limen''' 
threshold

'''transmundane''' 
literally: beyond the mundane, beyond the world

'''lamaseries''' 
Domiciles of Buddhist lamas (as in "monasteries").

'''Torriform Inclusion''' 
A made-up condition from Torus==Arch.: a large convex molding, semicircular in cross section, located at the base of a classical column?
From the American Heritage Dictionary.
St. Cosmo has just seen, he thinks, a "watchtower".
'Watchtower'-Cf. the name of the magazine (and building in Brooklyn) that the Jehovah's Witnesses use.
'distinguishing man-made from God-made'...

'''Urban terrain''' 
(But only cities unwisely built on sand.)

'''Stilton Gaspereaux''' 
???

'''Sven Hedin''' 
Swedish explorer, especially of the Asian countries, and excavator of ruins of ancient cities. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sven_Hedin wikipedia]

'''Aurel Stein''' 
Sir Marc Aurel Stein. Hungarian-born explorer later knighted as a British citizen. Credited with the discovery, and arguably the exploitation, of the Mogao Grottoes in China. A rock-carved repository of ancient Buddhist texts and murals, the grottoes are known collectively as 'The Cave of a Thousand Buddhas' and protected a copy of the Mahayana Diamond sutra, acknowledged as the oldest book in existence. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Aurel_Stein Wikipedia entry].

'''first known maps'''crusades and pilgrimages''' 
None of Ptolemy's maps has survived the classical period. They were, however, reconstructed in manuscript and engraved on copper or carved in wood for editions of the Ptolemy atlas. In 1482, the first woodcut edition, containing the first map of the world to include contemporary discoveries, was published in Ulm, Germany. It contains a brightly handcolored map of the Holy Land....

Allusion to the Map/Territory relation—the relationship between symbol and object. Coined by Alfred Korzybski, “The map is not the territory” is a related expression meaning that an abstraction derived from something, or a reaction to it, is not the thing itself, e.g., the pain from a stone falling on your foot is not the stone; one's opinion of a politician, favorable or unfavorable, is not that person; a metaphorical representation of a concept is not the concept itself; and so on. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_map_is_not_the_territory]Here, the (abstract) map itself could be a guide to a spritual quest or to conquest.

==Page 437==

'''Nernst lamps''' 
Nernst = German physicist and chemist who formulated the third law of thermodynamics (1864-1941)
Synonym: Walther Hermann Nernst

'''range-finder''' 
Cf. 'range', passim

'''level of encryption''' 
(Cf Heisenberg?)Does not seem to allude to Heisenberg and his Uncertainty Principle so much as buried layers of meaning that can hide to invisibility.

'''Mount Kailash''' 
A mountain located in the Chinese Himalayas with great religious significance in Hinduism and Buddhism. In Hinduism, it is seen as the residence of Shiva, God of destruction and regeneration. The mountain is visited every year by many religious pilgrims. In Buddhism, the mountain was believed to be the location of a battle between two ancient sorcerers: Milarepa (Tantric Buddhism) and Naro-Bonchung (Tibetan Bön religion). Pynchon is perhaps alluding to the population dividing nature of religions. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kailash wikipedia]

'''polarize light... in time''' 
Thematic.

'''Manichaeans''' 
A gnostic sect that followed the third century Persian prophet Mani. Their
main theological belief was in a stark divide between Good and Evil.

Very relevant here in ADT: one could call their theology, BINARY.

==Page 438==

'''expanded sense... Maxwell... Hertz''' 
All forms of electromagnetic radiation form a spectrum, of which visible light is a small part; all such radiation shares fundamental physical properties.
Cf. range as spectrum.

''''Perfects'''' 
Perfects are the priests of the Cathar, a pantheistic manicheistic sect from the middle ages.

'''Graeco-Buddhist''' 
???

'''Italo-Islamic''' 
???

==Page 439==

'''Nuovo Rialto''' 
Seems like Pynchon creating a "New Rialto" city under these sands as many
cities take the name of an older city and add New....

From Wikipedia: Rialto is an area of the San Polo sestiere of Venice, known for its markets and for the Rialto Bridge.

The area was settled by the ninth century, when a small area in the middle of the Realtine Islands either side of the Rio Businiacus was known as the Rivoaltus. Soon, the Businiacus became known as the Grand Canal, and the district became the Rialto, referring to only the area on the left bank.

The Rialto became an important district in 1097, when Venice's market moved there, and in the following century a boat bridge was set up across the Grand Canal providing access to it. This was soon replaced by the Rialto Bridge.

Pynchon seems to love Venice so Nuovo Rialto is very ironically intended given this scene.

'''crystallography of the silica medium''' 
computer-base [silicon] allusion!?

'''clearly a thousand years more recent than they ought to have been'''
That is, the Manichean shrines date from the fourteenth Century, not the fourth Century when Mani, the founder, started Manicheanism. Pynchon dating 'when it went bad' in history?

'''Passing of the Remarks''' 
Sounds like a humorous reification of what gets said between sailors. Modeled after Changing of the Guard?

'''Steeplechase Park''' 
???

==Page 440==

'''screaming...with blood''' 
Screaming motif.

'''''chong pir''''' 
???

'''Uyghur''' 
Member of an ethnic group in western China. It is sometimes claimed that the Uyghurs are Indo-European in one sense or another.

'''skeleton rig''' 
Concealed weapon? Seems to be a Browning, a gun..see four lines later.

'''andante''' 
Literally "walking." An Italian word typically seen in notation for classical music. It denotes a moderately slow pace.

'''Sandman Saloon''' 
tavern for the 'sandmen', without those great tavern names in the above-ground world. Negative associations to this saloon, it seems, unlike the usual saloons in TRP's world.

==Page 441==

'''Leonard and Lyle''' 
resonates as Leopold and Loeb?-- two young American murderers in a famous case from early in the Century.

'''''teke''''' 
An American fraternity or a memember thereof. Tau Kappa Epsilon. Founded in the 1890s; has had a reputation for being a bit wilder than many fraternities.

'''Spindletop''' 
From wikipedia: Spindletop is a salt dome oil field located in south Beaumont, Texas (approx. 30.02 -94.07) in the United States. On January 10, 1901, the well "Lucas 1" came in at Spindletop, marking the birthdate of the modern petroleum industry. At 100,000 barrels of oil a day, the gusher tripled U.S. oil production overnight, ensuring the second industrial revolution would be fueled not by wood and coal but by oil and its byproducts. Some of the companies chartered to exploit the wealth of Spindletop are some of today's largest and well known corporations such as ExxonMobil, and Texaco.

'''Groznyi''' 
Grozny or Groznyy (Russian: Гро́зный; Chechen: Соьлж-ГIала, Syolzh-Ghaala) is the capital of the Chechen Republic in Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River....As most of the residents there were Terek Cossacks, the town grew slowly until the development of Oil reserves in the early 20th century. This spiralled development of industry and petrochemical production. In addition to the oil drilled in the city itself, the city became a geographical centre of Russia's network of oil fields, and also in 1893 became part of the Transcaucasia - Russia Proper railway. From wikipedia

'''calyx bits''' 
SYLLABICATION: ca·lyx
PRONUNCIATION: klks, klks
NOUN: Inflected forms: pl. ca·lyx·es or ca·ly·ces ( kl-sz, kl-)
1. The sepals of a flower considered as a group. 2. A cuplike structure or organ, such as one of the cuplike divisions of the pelvis or of the kidney. 3. A collecting structure in the kidney.
ETYMOLOGY: Latin calyx, calyc-, from Greek kalux
From The American Heritage Dictionary

'''adults''' 
Chums not adults, then? No,they do not age, it seems.

'''''assalamu alaykum''''' 
A muslim greeting.

'''anticline''' 
SUFFIX: Slope: anticline.
ETYMOLOGY: Back-formation from –clinal. From American Heritage Dictionary.

==Page 442==

'''''equine altitude''''' 
High horse.

'''Veneto-Uyghur''' 
???

'''2 percent... most of them''' 
Implies at least 150 in crew.

'''Marco Querini''' 
???

'''Terrenascondite''' 
???

'''Pozzo San Vito''' 
???

==Page 443==

'''peterman option''' 
A 'peterman' is a slang term for a safe-blower.

'''Consomme Imperial''' 
???

'''Timbales de Supremes de Volailles''' 
???

'''Gigot Grille a la Sauce Piquante''' 
A 'gigot' is a leg of lamb or haunch of veal. 'Sauce Piquante' is a spicy sauce.

'''aubergines a la Sauce Mousseline''' 
Eggplants with mussel sauce.

'''Pouilly-Fuisse''' 
A white Burgundy made from the Chardonnay grape.

'''Graves''' 
A white wine from the Graves district of France.

==Page 444==

'''Oasi''' 
Plural of "oasis."

'''cataplexy''' 
Sudden loss of muscle power following a strong emotional stimulus.

'''Nobel brothers''' 
Robert and Ludvig Nobel, brothers of Alfred Nobel of dynamite and prize fame, co-founders of Branobel, an important early oil company that controlled a large amount of Russian output. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branobel Wikipedia entry].

'''shaft-alley''' 
???

'''the balloon is up''' 
British metaphor: The action has started. A phrase also used in ''V.''

'''F.O.''' 
Foreign Office

'''''Daily Mail''''' 
London tabloid, staunch early supporters of Alolf HItler. Today specialises in stirring up hatred of immigrants and other minorities.

'''"Sands of Inner Asia"''' 
Captain, now Inspector Sands, seems to be being compared for his achievements to "Lawrence of Arabia" parodistically.

'''Taklamakan''' 
???

==Page 445==

'''Kashgar to Urumchi''' 
Two cities currently on the far western border of China. Presumably in this context they were two points inside the general area within which the 'Great Powers' competed to try and find Shambhala.

'''fell into the hand of''' 
Ana analogy with the present-day situation in Central Asia in particular. throughout the book, there are references to Anarchist/Terrorists, to the spread of dynamite and other kinds of phenomena. These are all technologies that allow, or cause, power to flow into the hands of the powerless to use for their own purposes.

'''World-Island''' 
The Earth.

'''discreet summons''' 
Eg "paging Dr Blue".
It doesn't seem to me to be a phrase that needs a gloss: a discreet summons is simply what it says and made be made in any number of ways.

'''far wicket''' 
A 'wicket' may simply be a gate; but in the context of a novel and the bomber at Headingly cricket ground and Fenners, the Cambridge cricket ground, a 'wicket' is the three stumps at one end of a cricket pitch. ("The Gentleman Bomber of Headingly" - see p.236.)

'''wog''' 
''Chiefly British.'' An ethnic slur used for any dark-skinned peoples. Alleged to stand for "Western Oriental Gentleman", but mainly applied to Indians, Pakistanis, Arabs, and other brown-skinned Asians.
I have heard it comes from 'wily oriental gentleman'; but the Oxford English Dictionary states that the origin is uncertain and defines a 'wog' as someone especially of Arab extraction.

'''Vic removal''' 
???

'''eating an explosive''' 
Cf Lew's Cyclomite.

==Page 446==

'''St Martin le Grand''' 
A street in the City of London.

'''Angel Street''' 
Another street in the City which meets St Martin le Grand at right-angles.

'''G.P.O. West''' 
G.P.O - General Post Office

'''pneumatic dispatches''' 
An extensive 'pneumatic dispatch' system existed on London during the Victorian era, started in 1851 and carrying on at least into the 1930's. By 1886 London had 94 telegram tubes totaling 34 1/2 miles and around 4.5 million telegraph messages were carried in cylinders at around 20mph. At its height the network extended some 57 miles connecting 67 branch offices via a central sorting office. See [http://www.capsu.org/history/telegram_conveyors.html] and
[http://www.dself.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/COMMS/pneumess/pneumess.htm] (with illustrations).

'''drill suits''' 
???

'''chars''' 
Charwomen. Maids, cleaners.

'''clicks and rests''' 
Presumably the clicks of a telegraphic system and the rests or silences in between.

'''Northern Temple of Connexion''' 
It's in the north of the City; and the phrase suggests the religious intensity of the need to connect or communicate as well as mildly satirising it.

'''marblework''' 
Such buildings would have used quantities of marble; hence the image of a 'temple' above.

'''Bloggins''' 
An archetypal ordinary man; an everyman figure.

'''allegro vivatchy''' 
phonetic of 'allegro vivace' - a musical term for a quick tempo

==Page 447==

'''grease-paint''' 
'Grease-paint' refers to old-fashioned stage make-up.

'''cylinder of gutta-percha''' 
Pneumatic dispatches were carried in cylinders of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutta-percha Gutta-Percha] -- an inelastic latex made from the sap of the Gutta-Percha tree -- covered in felt. See [http://www.capsu.org/history/telegram_conveyors.html]. Gutta-percha crops up a number of times in ATD, possibly enough to suggest some sort of motif or connection?

Gutta percha per se is a Victorian equivalent to rubber.

'''its "D" box''' 
The receiving mechanism on the end of pneumatic dispatch pipe.

"The somewhat complicated pattern of double sluice valve originally used at the central stations has been superseded by a simpler form, known as the D box, so named Despatching from the shape of its cross section. This box is of and cast iron, and is provided with a close-fitting, Receiving brass-framed, sliding lid with a glass panel. This Apparatus, lid fits air-tight, and closes the box after a carrier has been inserted into the mouth of the tube; the latter enters at one end of the box and is there bell-mouthed. A supply pipe, to which is connected a 3-way cock, is joined on to the box and allows communication at will with either the pressure or vacuum mains, so that the apparatus becomes available for either sending (by pressure) or receiving (by vacuum) a carrier. Automatic working, by which the air supply is automatically turned on on the introduction of the carrier into a tube and on closing of the D box, and is cut off when the carrier arrives, was introduced in 1909." From the 1911 Encyclopedia Brittanica entry on Pneumatic Dispatch, cited at [http://www.dself.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/COMMS/pneumess/pneumess.htm]

'''Holborn''' 
Holborn is between the Strand (at the northern end of Waterloo Bridge) and Bloomsbury.

'''Saffron Hill''' 
is in the City, an area named Farringdon, east of Holborn.

'''''tantum dic verbo'' isn't it''' 
???

'''''intact''''' 
(Did I miss this?)

==Page 448==

'''because I'm mad''' 
???

'''half-sovereign case''' 
A sovereign is old English money for one pound, i.e 20 shillings. A half-sovereign is ten shillings old money.

'''Mr. Campbell-Bannerman''' 
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (1836-1908) was a Liberal MP and then Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1905 to 1908. I'm not sure when he was knighted; but he's not the only character in the novel connected with Trinity College, Cambridge.

==Page 449==

'''Clarabella''' 
Clarabelle=name of the clown on The Howdy Doody Show [TV] in the fifties.

'''Audacity, Iowa''' 
???

==Page 450==

'''DREAMTIME MOVY''' 
Misspelling is dreamlike? Or, more possibly, the spelling hadn't yet been standardized.

'''log... waterfall''' 
Cf DW Griffith?

'''lens-brother''' 
(Like masonic sign?)(Also reminiscent of the lens (the K/kid/d) carries in Delaney's ''Dhalgren'')

'''Powers movement''' 
???

'''Geneva''' 
???

'''Wilt Flambo''' 
Flambeau = torch (French).

'''acetylene''' 
When the flammable gas was used for illumination, it was often generated on the spot by dripping water onto lumps of calcium carbide.

==Page 451==

'''nitro in the film''' 
Cellulose nitrate, also known as collodion, was the predecessor to modern photographic films. The collodion was the substratum to the chemistry that made the image.

'''the tip''' 
The audience. Pynchon uses the word many times in ''AtD.''

'''strange relation''' 
Cf GR on calculus.

'''dark perplexity''' 
Cf Gen X?

'''dilapidated portals''' 
See p.406: the West Gate's "two flanking towers of rusticated stone and Gothical aspect... an aspect of terrible antiquity..."

'''queen-of-the-prairie''' 
???

==Page 452==

'''Sempitern''' 
An archaic term meaning 'eternal', a poetic but appropriate name for a river? Echoing "Serpentine," the lake in London's Hyde Park.

'''siegecraft of Time''' 
Cf Paris Commune siege, p.19.

'''between Cleveland and Denver''' 
Merle's idiosyncratic choice of endpoints?

'''automorphic functions''' 
Auto= self; same as in autogamy. American Heritage Dict. -morph = Form, structure, function. Self-forming, self-structuring-- or self-organizing as Pynchon says elsewhere in ADT.

==Page 453==
'''We thus enter the whirlwind''' 
God is sometimes referred to this way. Often Capitalized, but here the speaker is using it literally, but Pynchon maybe metaphorically?

'''Lobatchevskian''' 
of Nikolai Lobachevsky, a Russian Mathematician, known for work into non-Euclidean geometry.

'''Automorphic Dispensation''' 
Self-forming, self-organizing dispensation.

'''distressing regularity''' 
Explains dilapidation?

'''Thorvald''' 
Scandinavian name from the Old Norse name ''Þórvaldr''. It combines the name "Thor" (thunder) and scandinavian word "valdr" (ruler), to create the meaning "thunder ruler" or "ruler of the tunder". Either would be apt, in this case.

The persisting storm also occurs in ''Mason & Dixon'' and in at least one of Terry Pratchett's Discworld novels.

'''''thresher dinners''''' 
Hearty communal midday meals for men taking part in harvest. Here a sacrifice to Thorvald.

==Page 454==

'''"gaff"''' 
A deceptive feature like the rabbit-concealing false bottom in a magician's top hat.

'''Giant Airships of 1896 and '7''' 
[http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Image:Mysterious-airship.jpg Photo and info here]

'''Chick''' 
First Chum to appear in non-Chums chapter? Chick is the Chum we know, besides Pugnax if we count him, to have come aboard The Inconvenience from the real world. Another meaning to Counterfly? More earthbound?

==Page 455==

'''Cleveland... trial... Bounce v. Vibe''' 
See p67 & 426

'''Somble, Strool, and Fleshway''' 
???

''''paranoia querulans'... P.Q.''' 
A made-up noun to mean the psychological disease of constant questioning of one's paranoia?...

'''blasting agent''' 
???

'''detonans''' 
That which is detonated - cod latin

'''"I'm just another nutty inventor"''' 
Roswell has been discussing his plans to dynamite the Vibe Corp. which has used its power to harrass him. Throught his work, esp. ''Gravity's Rainbow'', Pynchon has dealt with themes involving the split between elect and preterite, or to use a more simplified phrase, winners and losers. Dynamite offers the small and powerless, the "long-shot opponents of the mills of Capital" referred to earlier in the page, an expression of power of their own. In this way it is like the AK-47 today which has made it far more difficult for powers (e.g. the United States in Iraq) to exert control over populations.

==Page 456==

'''aigrette''' 
Literally an egret or aigrette (or Lesser White Heron); hence a tuft of feathers such as an egret has and hence a spray of gems worn on the head and finally luminous rays seen emerging from the moon in solar eclipses or, to quote the OED, "at the ends of electrified bodies".

'''Pencil''' 
To mathematicians, a pencil is a family of geometric objects sharing a common property, such as a collection of lines that pass through a common point. (Of course, constipated mathematicians also find pencils useful for working out logs).

'''equivalent of a shrug''' 
Nice anthropomorphism.

'''lost mines''' 
(Factual?)

==Page 457==

'''tourbillon''' 
???

'''make time impervious to gravity''' 
Thematic to this book and GR?

'''patent pencils''' 
patent here to describe pencils seems to mean 1) of high quality, Archaic 2) open to general inspection... American Heritage Dictionary - because the pencils we all know and use were never "patented"... "He [Ebenezer Wood] constructed the first hexagon- and octagon-shaped pencil cases that we have today. Ebenezer did not patent his invention and shared his techniques with whoever asked." from Wikipedia.

'''zephyr gingham''' 
???

'''lawn''' 
???

'''pongee''' 
???

==Page 458==

'''professors... engineers''' 
Theory vs practice.

'''Latinate token of prestige''' 
PhD, summa cum laude, etc.

'''suspicious of night horizons''' 
(sunsets?)Absence of light horizons?

'''current... purity''' 
Free of noise?

'''Minkowski''' 
Hermann Minkowski was a German mathematician who made useful contributions in the development of relativity, amongst other things. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Minkowski]

'''Three times ten... minus one seconds''' 
Three times ten to the fifth refers to the speed of light. The square root of minus 1 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_unit Wikipedia] is also known as the Imaginary Unit or i. i is sometimes also expressed as the square root of -1, as here. Complex numbers [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number Wikipedia] can be expressed as a + bi where a is the real part of the complex number and b is the imaginary part. Complex numbers were an important element of the work of both Minkowski and Einstein.

''Against the Day'' takes place at the time when Newtonian physics were being supplanted, at least in theory, by physics based on Relativity. This equation touches on that. But also, the use of a real and an imaginary number returns to the theme of duality that arises throughout the book. The spacetime measured by imaginary or complex numbers would seem to be something different though co-existent with 'our' spacetime.

'''other expression''' 
Contextually, Roswell seems to be refering to the other side of the above equation...'that other expression 'over there'...they are at a slate "blackboard."

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 397-428

2007-01-11T11:09:54Z

Tommaso: /* Page 425 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 397==

'''syntonic wireless''' 
???

'''street-Arab''' 
a homeless boy who has been abandoned and roams the streets.
[wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn]

'''Columbian ''Half-Dollar''''' 
The 1892 Columbian Exposition half dollar was the first commemorative coin authorized by Congress. [http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/commemoratives/index.cfm?flash=yes&action=premodern]

'''"ten yeeuhz ago"'''
Places this action in or around 1903.

==Page 398==

'''nuncio''' 
Casually, a messenger; more formally, a permanent official Papal representative at a foreign court.

'''Evening Quarters''' 
???

'''H.G. Wells''' 
Herbert George Wells (1866-1946), one of the 19th Century science fiction writers whom Pynchon is both emulating and parodying in ''ATD''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.G._Wells Wikipedia entry].

'''jeu d'esprit''' 
French: play of wit. "H. G. Wells speculative jeu d'esprit" refers specifically to his work The Time Machine.

'''on the subject''' 
On the subject of time machines.

'''National Imprest''' 
???

'''"Plug" Loafsley''' 
Plug-ugly loafer/oaf?

'''Lollipop Lounge''' 
Lollipop is vulgar slang for an underage girl. There is at least one 'pornographic' magazine called Lollipops featuring supposedly underage girls.

'''turned out''' 
(When? Before or after first visit?)

'''Tenderloin''' 
2) A city district notorious for vice and graft. [After 'the Tenderloin', an area of New York City (from the easy income it once offered corrupt policeman)
From the American Heritage Dictionary.

'''squalid empire''' 
Cf Alan Parker's 1976 movie "Bugsy Malone". [http://imdb.com/title/tt0074256/ IMDb]

==Page 399==

'''indigo... yellow''' 
Clashing-colors motif.

'''dicer''' 
???

'''opopanax and vervain''' 
Two fragrant, medicinal substances derived from flowering plants. They bloom yellow and violet, respectively. Wikipedia pages for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opoponax opopanax] and for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vervain vervain].
:Though Wikipedia prefers the spelling ''opoponax'', the ''OED'' suggests Pynchon's.

'''slide cornet''' 
A brass instrument with the voice of a cornet but using a slide instead of valves. Very, very rare.

'''mandola''' 
An eight-stringed instrument shaped like a mandolin but tuned the same as a viola. It is originally an Irish instrument.

'''"tin pan" piano''' 
A reference to New York's Tin Pan Alley. Probably, the tag means to indicate that the piano was out of tune or sounded 'cacophonous'. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_pan_alley Wikipedia entry]

'''houris''' 
According to the ''OED'', a "nymph of the Muslim Paradise. Hence applied allusively to a voluptuously beautiful woman." According to the American Heritage Dictionary, "houris" is the plural of 'houri', as defined above.

'''Darby''' 
Over 21yo, if he's aged.

==Page 400==

'''paillettes''' 
2. a spangle used to ornament a dress or costume. [from Old French,diminutive of
paille,straw]. American Heritage Dictionary.

'''louche''' 
of questionable taste or morality. From Old French, losche= squint-eyed,
ultimately from Latin, luscus = blind in one eye. Source: American Heritage Dictionary.

'''"jazz"''' 
The ''OED'' suggests that the spelling here was always more popular than ''jass'', as used on [[Pages 358-373#Page 370|p. 370]]. It makes sense that a musician like "Dope" Breedlove might use a less conventional spelling, as he would be familiar with the term before common usage had regularized its spelling. By contrast, within the "dime novel" idiom of the Chums of Chance narration (dime novelists not necessarily being, especially in this days, the swingin'-est of cats), while ''jazz'' still registers as a slang term, its spelling has already been regularized.

'''Dey high-hats us uptown''' 
They scorn or snub us.

'''Dey low-balls us downtown''' 
They underestimate us.

'''Missus Grundy''' 
Mrs. Grundy, proverbial looker-askance at any improper activity. "[A]n extremely conventional or priggish person" after a character alluded to in the play ''Speed The Plough,'' by Thomas Morton (1764-1838), British playwright. Source: American Heritage Dictionary.

''''ying'''' 
"Yen"?

==Page 401==

'''Angela Grace''' 
I.e., Angel of Grace

'''Gophiz... Hudson Dustuhs''' 
Gophers, Hudson Dusters.

'''bushwahs''' 
Bourgeois.

'''slickin up''' 
Gentrification.

'''Mr. Mawgin''' 
J. Pierpont Morgan.

'''stanchion''' 
Upright structural member, here part of the El trestle.

'''find it''' 
(Small-penis joke.)

'''time-corroded''' 
Actually, on [[ATD 149-170#Pages 154-155|p. 154]] we learn that when these structures were erected, they were intentionally antiqued, "deliberately burned, attempts being made to blacken the stylized wreckage in aesthetic and interesting ways," a description that applies also to Pynchon's historical fiction with its antiquated language and its generally favorable view of all things black. Though, of course it's been a decade since the shrine was erected, and some actual time-corrosion may have occurred.

'''seeming to date from some ancient catastrophe, far older than the city.''' 
When, what is that catastrophe in ATD, pages 149-170?

'''I AM THE WAY INTO THE DOLEFUL CITY''' 
Phrase first appears on [[ATD 149-170#Pages 154-155|p. 154]], where it is inscribed over the shrine that the citizens erect to the Destroyer. It is a quote from Canto III of Dante's ''Il Inferno,'' where it is emblazoned over the gates to Hell.

'''triatomic''' 
I.e., ozone or O3, which is a molecule composed of three bonded oxygen molecules. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone Wikipedia.]

==Page 402==

'''solenoidal relay''' 
Solenoid: a coil of wire hollow in the center. To make a relay, stick an iron rod partway into the middle. Turn the current on, and the magnetic field pulls the iron in. Attach the rod to the bolt on the gate and you can unlock it by pushing a button.

'''Dr. Zoot''' 
homage to Zoot Sims, jazzman? 
Most often combined with Suit, as in
Zoot suit - Wikipedia. Often zoot suiters wear a felt hat with a long feather (called a tapa or ... By their dress, Zoot suiters expressed defiance, at a time when fabric was ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoot_suit
There is a contemporary "zootsuit" radio station devoted to old radio shows. Historically, much later than the period of ATD here, there were riots in Los Angeles called the Zoot Suit riots.

'''pale''' 
Even tough-guy Plug fears time machine.
Pynchon's perspective on artificial light, "already harsh illumination".

'''dynamo''' 
Early electrical generator with permanent magnet instead of stator winding.

'''Grandmother's day''' 
Pre-Civil War.

'''Breguet''' 
A distinctive fine watch of French design, usually with open circles ('moons') near the ends of the hands. (See also p.140) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breguet_(watch) Wikipedia entry]

'''shimming''' 
Insertion of thin material to make two parts line up. Think of the matchbook under the table leg.

'''revenue diverted''' 
(Why not no-revenue?)because revenue was spent---very cheaply: in only "the simplest upkeep."

==Page 403==

'''coaming''' 
Bodywork. Panels concealing frame, wiring, etc.

'''undog this hatch''' 
Nautical: disengage whatever is holding the door shut.

'''faith''' 
(Blind, not humble.)

'''nervous organizations''' 
Cf drugs.

'''pillioned''' 
Riding two to a horse.

'''horses''' 
???

'''arrays of metallic points''' 
???

==Page 404==

'''shockwaves of the Creation''' 
Anachronistic Big Bang theory? 
I must say that in the Big Bang theory, stars
were first created out of the bang; here the metaphor seems to accept that the stars already exist and "are blown through by the shockwaves of the Creation", capitalized, a common Pynchon touch, as in a Biblical allusion.

'''chamber shook''' 
(It didn't on p403.)

'''not beasts''' 
Airplanes?
Or Missiles/rockets? 'A screaming comes across the sky'....

'''smell''' 
Cf GR on Passchendaele.

==Page 405==

'''latest Oldsmobile''' 
(Dates.)

'''Candlebrow U.''' 
Candle = 2)Abbr. c)Pysics a)an obsolete unit of luminous intensity, originally defined in terms of a wax candle,From American Heritage Dictionary. Brow = 3)The projecting upper edge of a steep place, as 'the brow of a hill'. Also, of course, the eyebrow, the forehead. Same source.

Probably too tenuous to lead anywhere: Asa ''Candler's'' family became implausibly rich through ownership of Coca-Cola stock; Candlers and their Woodruff connections gave implausible sums to Emory University in Atlanta. See Candlebrow and Smegmo entries on the next couple of pages.

Note: "Dr. Vormance was on sabbatical from Candlebrow University..." p.130

'''double-domes''' 
'dome' is slang for the human brain, of course. [Amer Heritage] and seems to mean, in humorous context, two-headed or double-brained thinkers...(more doubling motif--as joke?)

'''drumming''' 
Traveling salesmanship.

'''river called the Ball in Hand''' 
Another cricket allusion? Dried river beds are often used as a playground for cricket, says wikipedia, where this also comes: When a batsman attempts a dangerous run, he could be run out by any of the fielders who just need to hold the ball in hand [cannot underline or embolden] and land their feet on the stone at the bowlers end (hence run out by 'conduction', as opposed to hitting the stumps at the bowlers end).

(Any connection with Skip, the ball lightning? p.73/74.)

'''The Ball In Hand''' see page 409, where it seems to be Alonzo's local tavern.

'''Alonzo Meatman''' 
???

==Page 406==

'''counterfeit of the Timeless''' 
Thematic. Whole sentence seems the sharpest indictment of 'the Academy' as exemplified by Candlebrow U.

'''fatal discovery''' 
Note the contrast with "fateful discovery" on p.398.

'''''Imum Coeli''''' 
Latin for "bottom of the sky." In Astrology, it is the point in space where the ecliptic crosses the meridian in the north, exactly opposite the Midheaven. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imum_Coeli Wikipedia entry]

'''Gideon Candlebrow''' 
made-up founder whose scandalous fortune underlay Candlebrow U?

'''Grossdale''' 
a gross dale?

==Page 407==

'''"Smegmo"''' 
Smegma is a secretion of mammalian genitals [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smegma Wikipedia].

'''margarine''' 
1887 saw the introduction of the Margarine Act in Great Britain, which required margarine to be labeled as such. This was in response to the adulteration of butter by oleomargarine (made from animal fats).

Candlebow + margarine reminds me of Camille Paglia on Renee Zellwegger as "margarine-browed" (which I don't really understand).

'''four thousand years''' 
Refers to the time believed to have elapsed since Abraham and the foundation of Judaism [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham Wikipedia]. Under kosher laws Jews are not allowed to mix milk and meat products in the same meal. The rabbi's proclamation about having waited 4000 years refers to the arrival of Smegmo as a non-milk substitute for butter that can be eaten with meat dishes.

'''"you kept hearing different stories about exactly what was in it"''' 
Refers to wide range of urban legend-like attributions as to the origins and/or makeup of smegma that exist especially among children.

There's a resonance with Coca-Cola, too: exaggerated secrecy about the formula, fanatical market development, endowment of a university (Emory in the case of the Woodruff and Candler fortunes).

'''First International Conference on Time-Travel''' 
MIT students held a [http://web.mit.edu/adorai/timetraveler/ Time Traveler Convention] on May 7, 2005. The organizers did only modest publicity, claiming that the event would be reported and people in the future would read about it and decide to attend. One of the principals pointed out that only one such convention would ever need to take place. Vanderjuice's reasoning is almost a mirror image of that.

'''this year''' 
???

'''flammivomous''' 
Invented word? "Vomiting flame." Not invented: Flammivomous. (definition) by Webster 1913 (print), Tue Dec 21 1999 at 23:41:04. Flam*miv"o*mous (?), a. [L. flammivomus; flamma flame + vomere to vomit.] ...

'''1925 or thereabouts''' 
Lindsay's unfamiliarity with the term "nooky," here used to refer to attractive women and not to a sex act, its most common present day usage, will likely continue until it becomes an accepted part of the English language, which occurred, according to the ''OED'', with its first substantiative written usage in 1928. The ''OED'', by the way, prefers the spelling ''nookie''.

'''Randolph''' 
(Has he been absent?)

==Page 408==

'''telegraphic messages''' 
(Why at night, particularly? Email parody?) Seems many telegraphic messages were delivered at night, perhaps because they could be picked up during the daytime and many came after evening began.

'''"Goes with everything"''' 
Cf Al Capp's Shmoos?

'''in the way that certain odors can instantly return us to earlier years''' 
Recalls Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu in which the taste and smell of a madeleine cookie summons a collection of childhood memories.

'''Finney Hall''' 
Probably a Hall in Candlebrow U. named after American author Jack Finney, who wrote a famous time travel novel, Time & Again. See wikipedia for dates.

'''florescent''' 
flowering, blooming.From florescense. Amer Heritage Dictionary

==Page 409==

'''Gibson Girls''' 
From illustrations of a kind of woman first made by Charles Dana Gibson. Besides certain physical features--see wikipedia---such women were thought
to be 'independent', often college girls, although not suffragettes.

'''"Why you insufferable little --"''' 
This line, paired with St. Cosmo's observation at the end of the following paragraph: "And might I add, Mr. Noseworth, that these constant attempts to strangle Suckling do our public image little good," seem a fairly direct reference to a well-worn trope from the ''Simpsons'', in which the splenetic Homer, as played here by Noseworth, expresses his no-longer-controllable frustration with Bart, here the increasingly smartalecky Suckling. Pynchon, as has been widely reported, has appeared on ''The Simpsons'' a couple times.

More than even "Vineland," it seems, this book is fraught with pop culture/low comedy asides. 

'''Wellesianism''' 
Typo, unless he means Orson.

'''Asimov Transecular''' 
Interesting to find one of Isaac Asimov's time travel machines on the pile of "picked-over hulks of failed time machines." Of course, it would have to have been deposited there from some time in the future.

to transecular adj "that is made through the centuries" (Portuguese) [[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 16:48, 19 December 2006 (PST)

'''Q-98s''' 
FM station?

'''vulcanite''' 
Star Trek allusion? A kind of mineralized rubber.

'''Heusler's alloy''' 
???

'''bonzoline''' 
Synthetic ivory, used to make billiard balls.

'''electrum''' 
An alloy of gold and silver, presumably not the same as ''argentaurum''.

'''lignum vitae''' 
The very hard heavy wood of any of several tropical American guaiacum trees. In Latin, literally "wood of life."

'''platinoid''' 
???

'''magnalium''' 
Magnesium-aluminum alloy.

'''packfong silver''' 
???

'''safe harbor''' 
Paradoxical, I think.

'''automorphic''' 
auto = Self,same. Morph = to change

==Page 410==

'''revenance''' seems obviously related to revenant, a ghost a returner from the dead
???

'''River of Time''' 
cf "the invisible river, the flow of Time", p.252

'''Symmes Street''' possible reference to the Symme's Hole which leads into the hollow earth, i. e. a street on the extreme fringe
???

'''gaslit''' 
Lightfuel motif.

'''St. Louis Fair''' 
1904.

Also "Pygmy boyfriends escaped from the St. Louis Fair" - in the book Ota Benga, about a pygmy who appeared in the St. Louis Fair, there is a reference to pygmies escaping from their exhibit and disappearing into neighborhoods of St. Louis, never to be found

'''fantan''' 
Traditional Chinese gambling game; also a card game [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan].

'''"preserver"''' 
Gun?

'''magenta-and-green''' 
Clashing-colors motif.

==Page 411==

'''Finding of Unusual Circumstances Questionaire''' 
Also, presumably, known as the "F.U.C.Q." or "fuck-you," for short.

'''Hawaiian''' 
???

'''Zennist''' 
Practitioners of Zen Buddhism.

'''''Caged Women of Yokohama''''' 
???

==Page 412==

'''"Does a dog possess the Buddha-nature?" [...] "Yes, obviously"''' 
According to the Zen parable the answer to the question is "Mu", which is both "No" and the sound of a dog's bark, thus neither simply yes nor no. See the explanantion given by the Learned English Dog in Mason & Dixon (Ch. 3, p. 22).

'''apricot and aquamarine''' 
Clashing-colors motif.

'''Bohr... Mach... Einstein... Spengler... Wells... McTaggart''' 
All of these people did work involving either speculation about time (Wells) or other subjects that reached their highest expression in Einstein's Theory of Relativity, which had implications regarding the nature of time and spacetime [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity Wikipedia]. Pynchon refers to the fact that this work was underway and 'in the air' at the time of the novel.

'''young Einstein''' 
Perhaps a reference to the 1988 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Einstein movie] of the same name. At the time of the F.I.C.O.T.T. (1895 at the earliest), Einstein would have already published "[http://www.worldscibooks.com/phy_etextbook/4454/4454_chap1.pdf The Investigation of the State of Aether in Magnetic Fields]." Ironically, Einstein's special theory of relativity would later essentially invalidate theories of luminiferous aether.

'''neo-Augustinian''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo St. Augustine of Hippo] (354-430), in his autobiographical [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/augustine/confessions/confessions.html ''Confessions''], is credited with reconceptualizing the notion of time in Christian terms. Throyle, on [[ATD 119-148#Page 143|p.143]], summarizes what he terms "Christian time," as a "linear way of regarding time, a simple straight line from past, through present, into the future." See also [[ATD E|'''Eschatology''']].

'''fatal steamed pudding''' 
Presumably the subject of the "Christmas-pudding controversy" mentioned on p. 406. In the context of Prof. Taggart's disbelief in time and the Augustinian's presumed belief that time moves inevitably toward Christ's return, a Christmas pudding (which, one should mention, is prepared with suet or similar animal fat, though presumably Smegmo can be substituted) is a symbol, insofar as it invokes the birth of Christ, of a pivotal moment in the proper sequence of Augustinian time. The pudding, which context here suggests the neo-Augustinian dropped on the McTaggartite, at once symbolizes the Fall of Man, as well as the McTaggartite's inevitable descent into Hell. The whole arrangement is problematized, however, by the comments of the County Coroner, who describes the outcome of the event dependent on "wagering," chance being irreconcilable with Augustinian time.

'''vertical distance''' 
Of pudding-drop?

'''Old Stearinery Bell Tower''' 
???

==Page 413==

'''322 feet''' 
???

'''disordered''' 
Eg clocktower assassins?

'''homeopathist''' one who practices homeopathy
???

'''"the ''lycopodium'' type"... Fear''' lycopodium is a common homeopathic remedy for many disorders. Homeopathy being the introduction into the body, in small quantities, of a possibly toxic or irritating agent that ends up stimulating the body to heal itself
???

'''sky-brother''' 
???

'''other Promise... resurrected... two millennia''' 
???

'''speaking trumpet''' 
invented by Thomas Edison in 1878

==Page 414==

'''purlieus''' outskirts, outlying areas; also (OED) "meaner streets about some main thoroughfare; a mean, squalid or disreputable street or quarter."

This whole section is a progress into the outlying areas, the fringes
(Cf. Pynchon's story ''Low-lands'', which takes place at a town dump)

'''millwork''' 
woodwork, doors, molding, wainscotting, etc, but cheap, prefabricated, not custom-fabricted on site.

'''penumbrae''' 
(Is the ligatured-ae appropriate here?). Yes, it is the plural; each streetlight has its own penumbra.

'''interfered with''' 
Sexually molested.

'''vacant''' 
(So signs of occupancy are faked?)

'''dust''' 
(Clear sign of vacancy.)

'''systematically deluded''' 
Cf Descartes.

'''quiescence''' 
(Meatman is cyborg?)

==Page 415==

'''"Mr. Ace"''' 
Master race; ace of spades; Mr Earl?

'''phatic''' 
Relating to speech that serves to establish social relationships rather than to inform.

'''denounced''' 
(Capitalism has failed but failure still can't be mentioned.)

Taking of refuge in a planet's past was the plot of a Captain Kirk-era Star Trek episode; the unintentionally-transported Kirk is taken to be a religious dissenter; fortunately his judge is one of the "refugees".

'''certain of your great dynamos''' 
???

'''Fraternity of the Venturesome''' 
Mistranslated 'Chums of Chance'.

'''''nzzt''''' 
Electrical short?

Suggests "he" could be a holographic image. Time traveling holograms were one feature of the "Temporal Cold War" subplot of ''Star Trek: Enterprise''; one such manifestation (complete with "nzzt's") is set in a huge dynamo station in a Nazi-occupied New York. This is two possible ''Star Trek'' allusions in a single page.

'''mission assignments''' 
Pynchon seems to explain Chums backstory.

==Page 416==

'''Squanto and the Pilgrims''' 
???

Ironic (although Chick means it sincerley) since in this case the Chums of C are "Squanto" and their strange interlocutors from another dimension are the pilgrims. Chick innocently suggests that the strangers from the future just want help ( as , like the pilgrims, they have just arrived and are low on supplies, so to speak). It is implied that just as the Indian's helping the pilgrims was re-payed with disease, genocide and war, the payback the Chums reap for helping these visitors from another dimension may not be what they expect.

'''"It's our innocence...."''' 
Speculation about the motives of people who come from the future claiming to need something from the past. It is a common fallacy in all ages to think back to the past as a 'golden age' and an age of 'innocence'. Lindsay elaborates further down the page: "[I]magine ''them''... so fallen, so corrupted, that we — even we — seem to them pure as lambs. And their own time so terrible that it's sent them desparately back...." Think also of the kind of 'golden age' rhetoric often employed by certain politicians.

==Page 417==

'''"we're totally--"''' 
...fucked.

'''"He is not what he says he is."''' 
Pynchon denies Chums backstory/explanation.

In addition, his story would be plausible--almost too plausible--in terms of the thermodynamic theories of the day, i.e. the Heat Death of the Universe (about which Pynchon has written before: see ''V.'' and ''Entropy'').

'''trespassers''' 
Presumably individuals in the company of Mr. Ace and Alonzo Meatman, whose intentions toward the Chums of Chance are apparently sinister and for their own benefit. They appear to travel back through the stream of time without any kind of permission to execute their plans, thus making them trespassers (or parasites).

The idea of trespass could be thought of in another way too. Miles mentions Mr. Ace knowing him as a 'peeper' who observes the trespassers as they come to his time. We could think of the 'trespassers' as anyone in any time who looks back at a point in history. As such, they are actually 'peepers'. That these seem to have found a way not just to peep but actually to participate makes them more than peepers, in fact, it is this that constitutes their 'trespass'.

Pynchon seems to be playing with how we view history and the past, a theme common to all his work. The Chums, whose existence is, to an extent, fictional even within the work of fiction, are a nexus meant to control boundaries between points in time (e.g. the future and the present, or its past). Historians and other future observers want to use the past for their own purposes. If they become visible to the people in that past, they will appear as 'trespassers' and violators. As Miles says, they do "not have our best interests in mind".

We ourselves (readers and perhaps even more, Wiki authors) are also trespassers from the standpoint of the Chums. We read about them in the novel, which takes us to the past, to their present, and inserts us in a way that is invisible to them. We then write up entries and think thoughts about what they do. We are in their world in some way that to them is utterly mysterious and sinister because, again, we have own agendas in mind and not theirs.

'''enigmatic object''' 
Plotpoint?

==Page 418==

'''Trespass''' 
With a capital T.

'''evidence... everywhere''' 
Cf ''Crying of Lot 49''.

'''neuropathy''' 
An abnormal and usually degenerative state of the nervous system or nerves.

'''contracts''' 
With Devil.

'''Other Units''' 
(So our five gossiped to others?)

'''exhaustive''' 
Cf Trekkies.

'''came to recall''' 
Cf PK Dick.

'''red and indigo''' 
Clashing?

==Page 419==

'''"El Capitan"''' 
Sousa march.

'''"Whistling Rufus"''' 
???

'''consecrated''' 
???

'''Richardson Romanesque''' 
Style of American Romanesque architecture from 1880s-1890s, named after architect Henry Robson Richardson, notable for use of brown stone, rounded corners, arches and cylindrical turrets. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardson_Romanesque Wikipedia Entry].

'''modal theory''' 
Context is suggestive of music theory, types of scales and keys of tonal music. However, Modal Realism is the view, notably propounded by David Lewis, that possible worlds are as real as the actual world. Possible worlds exist; the actual world is merely one among an infinite set of logically possible worlds, some nearer to the actual world and some more remote. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_realism]

'''chit''' 
Piece of military or bureaucratic paperwork; context suggests "request for transfer".

'''Bing Spooninger''' 
Like "Bing" Crosby, a crooner.

'''rack''' 
Current military and collegiate slang for "bed"--an anachronism.

==Page 420==

'''every note''' 
Om?

'''say "Wall"''' 
???

'''difficult vocal feat''' 
???

'''cakewalk''' 
An African-American entertainment having a cake as prize for the most accomplished steps and figures in walking; also, a stage dance developed from walking steps and figures typically involving a high prance with backward tilt. From this, slang for a one-sided contest or an easy task.

'''draw-note''' 
Note played on harmonica by "drawing" air through reed by sucking in rather than blowing out (insert crude sex joke here).

==Page 421==

'''popularity''' 
Masochistic love of oppressors.

'''''cover identity''''' 
Burden of resistance.

'''Lombardy poplars.''' 
A large deciduous tree, reaching 30-40 m tall. They resemble large shrubs, due to their tall, slender appearance. They grow tall very quickly and usually die within 15 years of first planting.

'''Chromatic Harp''' 
A harmonica that plays all notes in an octave rather than a scale in a certain key. [http://www.hohnerusa.com/hchromatic.htm Examples].

'''Pitch Integrity Guard''' 
???

'''harmonica-reed files''' 
???

==Page 422==

'''I.G. Mundharfwerke''' 
Interessen-Gemeinschaft Mundharfwerke (Harmonica-works Association of Common Interests). "Mundharf" is Swabian German for "Harmonica".

'''drifted''' 
Cf. Slothrop's desk.

'''Offenbach''' 
Jacques Offenbach (1819-1880), French composer of operettas.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach Wikipedia Entry].

'''into the Latrine''' 
Cf. Slothrop's hallucination.

'''vapor bearing... minerals''' 
???

'''A.D.C.''' 
Aide-de-camp, administrative assistant to a commanding officer.

==Page 423==

'''None of them...''' 
Cf butterfly dreaming it's monk?

'''volunteer decoys''' 
Fan-meme.

'''"At a Georgia Camp Meeting"''' 
???

'''"deps"''' 
???

'''route out of the past''' 
The nostalgia trap.

==Page 424==

''''coon' material''' 
They enjoyed the jazzy parts of the routine.

'''isotropy''' 
???

'''presently''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb R. Crumb] did a comic like this: [http://crumbproducts.com/prints_images/sha.gif pic]

'''opposition''' 
(Was unconscious, now conscious?)

'''dropped from altitudes''' 
(Cf pudding above)

==Page 425==

'''"After the Ball"''' 
???

'''Bukhara''' 
Either the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara Emirate of Bukhara], a former country in Central Asia or its [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhara capital]

'''T.D.Y.''' 
Abbrevation for Temporary Duty? [http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/pdf/r614_11.pdf weblink]

'''''Saksaul''''' 
A plant/tree native to the deserts of Central Asia, particularly the Gobi desert; it has a very hard wood and is covered with knobs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxaul Wikipedia] [http://www.pbase.com/william_sokolenko/image/68724037 pic]

'''Q. Zane Toadflax''' 
(Sounds like Douglas Adams?). Toadflax is the name of an [http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/weedfeeders/toadflax.html invasive plant species]

'''Hypopsammotic... Hypops''' 
Pure speculation, this one: Hypops seems to be used as a short plural for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopnea hypopneoa], a medical condition described as 'shallow breathing'. "Ammotic" is used as an alternative term for 'amniotic', e.g. as "ammotic fluid". So Roswell's Hypopsammotic contraption would be a kind of protective cover which however causes shortbreathedness. So perhaps a sort of diving- or space-suit is implied? This one would be for sand-travel, of course.

==Page 426==

'''beating their prices''' 
Contradicts p. 425 "no further expenditure".
:P. 425 merely says that "no further expenditure for that purpose [i.e. for Hypops rigs] will be approved." Presumably, the Chums have some additional discretionary fund from which to draw cash for emergency purchases such as these.

==Page 427==

'''temporarily lapsing''' 
???

'''''pigs fly''''' 
Lindsay = pig. "When (or until) pigs fly" = never.

'''legalistic''' 
???

==Page 428==

''ill-starred Bell Tower'' 
Cf. Renata's tarot reading on p. 253, the last card of which is The Tower.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 397-428

2007-01-10T21:53:56Z

Tommaso: /* Page 404 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 397==

'''syntonic wireless''' 
???

'''street-Arab''' 
a homeless boy who has been abandoned and roams the streets.
[wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn]

'''Columbian ''Half-Dollar''''' 
The 1892 Columbian Exposition half dollar was the first commemorative coin authorized by Congress. [http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/commemoratives/index.cfm?flash=yes&action=premodern]

'''"ten yeeuhz ago"'''
Places this action in or around 1903.

==Page 398==

'''nuncio''' 
Casually, a messenger; more formally, a permanent official Papal representative at a foreign court.

'''Evening Quarters''' 
???

'''H.G. Wells''' 
Herbert George Wells (1866-1946), one of the 19th Century science fiction writers whom Pynchon is both emulating and parodying in ''ATD''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.G._Wells Wikipedia entry].

'''jeu d'esprit''' 
French: play of wit. "H. G. Wells speculative jeu d'esprit" refers specifically to his work The Time Machine.

'''on the subject''' 
On the subject of time machines.

'''National Imprest''' 
???

'''"Plug" Loafsley''' 
Plug-ugly loafer/oaf?

'''Lollipop Lounge''' 
Lollipop is vulgar slang for an underage girl. There is at least one 'pornographic' magazine called Lollipops featuring supposedly underage girls.

'''turned out''' 
(When? Before or after first visit?)

'''Tenderloin''' 
2) A city district notorious for vice and graft. [After 'the Tenderloin', an area of New York City (from the easy income it once offered corrupt policeman)
From the American Heritage Dictionary.

'''squalid empire''' 
Cf Alan Parker's 1976 movie "Bugsy Malone". [http://imdb.com/title/tt0074256/ IMDb]

==Page 399==

'''indigo... yellow''' 
Clashing-colors motif.

'''dicer''' 
???

'''opopanax and vervain''' 
Two fragrant, medicinal substances derived from flowering plants. They bloom yellow and violet, respectively. Wikipedia pages for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opoponax opopanax] and for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vervain vervain].
:Though Wikipedia prefers the spelling ''opoponax'', the ''OED'' suggests Pynchon's.

'''slide cornet''' 
A brass instrument with the voice of a cornet but using a slide instead of valves. Very, very rare.

'''mandola''' 
An eight-stringed instrument shaped like a mandolin but tuned the same as a viola. It is originally an Irish instrument.

'''"tin pan" piano''' 
A reference to New York's Tin Pan Alley. Probably, the tag means to indicate that the piano was out of tune or sounded 'cacophonous'. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_pan_alley Wikipedia entry]

'''houris''' 
According to the ''OED'', a "nymph of the Muslim Paradise. Hence applied allusively to a voluptuously beautiful woman." According to the American Heritage Dictionary, "houris" is the plural of 'houri', as defined above.

'''Darby''' 
Over 21yo, if he's aged.

==Page 400==

'''paillettes''' 
2. a spangle used to ornament a dress or costume. [from Old French,diminutive of
paille,straw]. American Heritage Dictionary.

'''louche''' 
of questionable taste or morality. From Old French, losche= squint-eyed,
ultimately from Latin, luscus = blind in one eye. Source: American Heritage Dictionary.

'''"jazz"''' 
The ''OED'' suggests that the spelling here was always more popular than ''jass'', as used on [[Pages 358-373#Page 370|p. 370]]. It makes sense that a musician like "Dope" Breedlove might use a less conventional spelling, as he would be familiar with the term before common usage had regularized its spelling. By contrast, within the "dime novel" idiom of the Chums of Chance narration (dime novelists not necessarily being, especially in this days, the swingin'-est of cats), while ''jazz'' still registers as a slang term, its spelling has already been regularized.

'''Dey high-hats us uptown''' 
They scorn or snub us.

'''Dey low-balls us downtown''' 
They underestimate us.

'''Missus Grundy''' 
Mrs. Grundy, proverbial looker-askance at any improper activity. "[A]n extremely conventional or priggish person" after a character alluded to in the play ''Speed The Plough,'' by Thomas Morton (1764-1838), British playwright. Source: American Heritage Dictionary.

''''ying'''' 
"Yen"?

==Page 401==

'''Angela Grace''' 
I.e., Angel of Grace

'''Gophiz... Hudson Dustuhs''' 
Gophers, Hudson Dusters.

'''bushwahs''' 
Bourgeois.

'''slickin up''' 
Gentrification.

'''Mr. Mawgin''' 
J. Pierpont Morgan.

'''stanchion''' 
Upright structural member, here part of the El trestle.

'''find it''' 
(Small-penis joke.)

'''time-corroded''' 
Actually, on [[ATD 149-170#Pages 154-155|p. 154]] we learn that when these structures were erected, they were intentionally antiqued, "deliberately burned, attempts being made to blacken the stylized wreckage in aesthetic and interesting ways," a description that applies also to Pynchon's historical fiction with its antiquated language and its generally favorable view of all things black. Though, of course it's been a decade since the shrine was erected, and some actual time-corrosion may have occurred.

'''seeming to date from some ancient catastrophe, far older than the city.''' 
When, what is that catastrophe in ATD, pages 149-170?

'''I AM THE WAY INTO THE DOLEFUL CITY''' 
Phrase first appears on [[ATD 149-170#Pages 154-155|p. 154]], where it is inscribed over the shrine that the citizens erect to the Destroyer. It is a quote from Canto III of Dante's ''Il Inferno,'' where it is emblazoned over the gates to Hell.

'''triatomic''' 
I.e., ozone or O3, which is a molecule composed of three bonded oxygen molecules. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone Wikipedia.]

==Page 402==

'''solenoidal relay''' 
Solenoid: a coil of wire hollow in the center. To make a relay, stick an iron rod partway into the middle. Turn the current on, and the magnetic field pulls the iron in. Attach the rod to the bolt on the gate and you can unlock it by pushing a button.

'''Dr. Zoot''' 
homage to Zoot Sims, jazzman? 
Most often combined with Suit, as in
Zoot suit - Wikipedia. Often zoot suiters wear a felt hat with a long feather (called a tapa or ... By their dress, Zoot suiters expressed defiance, at a time when fabric was ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoot_suit
There is a contemporary "zootsuit" radio station devoted to old radio shows. Historically, much later than the period of ATD here, there were riots in Los Angeles called the Zoot Suit riots.

'''pale''' 
Even tough-guy Plug fears time machine.
Pynchon's perspective on artificial light, "already harsh illumination".

'''dynamo''' 
Early electrical generator with permanent magnet instead of stator winding.

'''Grandmother's day''' 
Pre-Civil War.

'''Breguet''' 
A distinctive fine watch of French design, usually with open circles ('moons') near the ends of the hands. (See also p.140) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breguet_(watch) Wikipedia entry]

'''shimming''' 
Insertion of thin material to make two parts line up. Think of the matchbook under the table leg.

'''revenue diverted''' 
(Why not no-revenue?)because revenue was spent---very cheaply: in only "the simplest upkeep."

==Page 403==

'''coaming''' 
Bodywork. Panels concealing frame, wiring, etc.

'''undog this hatch''' 
Nautical: disengage whatever is holding the door shut.

'''faith''' 
(Blind, not humble.)

'''nervous organizations''' 
Cf drugs.

'''pillioned''' 
Riding two to a horse.

'''horses''' 
???

'''arrays of metallic points''' 
???

==Page 404==

'''shockwaves of the Creation''' 
Anachronistic Big Bang theory? 
I must say that in the Big Bang theory, stars
were first created out of the bang; here the metaphor seems to accept that the stars already exist and "are blown through by the shockwaves of the Creation", capitalized, a common Pynchon touch, as in a Biblical allusion.

'''chamber shook''' 
(It didn't on p403.)

'''not beasts''' 
Airplanes?
Or Missiles/rockets? 'A screaming comes across the sky'....

'''smell''' 
Cf GR on Passchendaele.

==Page 405==

'''latest Oldsmobile''' 
(Dates.)

'''Candlebrow U.''' 
Candle = 2)Abbr. c)Pysics a)an obsolete unit of luminous intensity, originally defined in terms of a wax candle,From American Heritage Dictionary. Brow = 3)The projecting upper edge of a steep place, as 'the brow of a hill'. Also, of course, the eyebrow, the forehead. Same source.

Probably too tenuous to lead anywhere: Asa ''Candler's'' family became implausibly rich through ownership of Coca-Cola stock; Candlers and their Woodruff connections gave implausible sums to Emory University in Atlanta. See Candlebrow and Smegmo entries on the next couple of pages.

Note: "Dr. Vormance was on sabbatical from Candlebrow University..." p.130

'''double-domes''' 
'dome' is slang for the human brain, of course. [Amer Heritage] and seems to mean, in humorous context, two-headed or double-brained thinkers...(more doubling motif--as joke?)

'''drumming''' 
Traveling salesmanship.

'''river called the Ball in Hand''' 
Another cricket allusion? Dried river beds are often used as a playground for cricket, says wikipedia, where this also comes: When a batsman attempts a dangerous run, he could be run out by any of the fielders who just need to hold the ball in hand [cannot underline or embolden] and land their feet on the stone at the bowlers end (hence run out by 'conduction', as opposed to hitting the stumps at the bowlers end).

(Any connection with Skip, the ball lightning? p.73/74.)

'''The Ball In Hand''' see page 409, where it seems to be Alonzo's local tavern.

'''Alonzo Meatman''' 
???

==Page 406==

'''counterfeit of the Timeless''' 
Thematic. Whole sentence seems the sharpest indictment of 'the Academy' as exemplified by Candlebrow U.

'''fatal discovery''' 
Note the contrast with "fateful discovery" on p.398.

'''''Imum Coeli''''' 
Latin for "bottom of the sky." In Astrology, it is the point in space where the ecliptic crosses the meridian in the north, exactly opposite the Midheaven. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imum_Coeli Wikipedia entry]

'''Gideon Candlebrow''' 
made-up founder whose scandalous fortune underlay Candlebrow U?

'''Grossdale''' 
a gross dale?

==Page 407==

'''"Smegmo"''' 
Smegma is a secretion of mammalian genitals [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smegma Wikipedia].

'''margarine''' 
1887 saw the introduction of the Margarine Act in Great Britain, which required margarine to be labeled as such. This was in response to the adulteration of butter by oleomargarine (made from animal fats).

Candlebow + margarine reminds me of Camille Paglia on Renee Zellwegger as "margarine-browed" (which I don't really understand).

'''four thousand years''' 
Refers to the time believed to have elapsed since Abraham and the foundation of Judaism [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham Wikipedia]. Under kosher laws Jews are not allowed to mix milk and meat products in the same meal. The rabbi's proclamation about having waited 4000 years refers to the arrival of Smegmo as a non-milk substitute for butter that can be eaten with meat dishes.

'''"you kept hearing different stories about exactly what was in it"''' 
Refers to wide range of urban legend-like attributions as to the origins and/or makeup of smegma that exist especially among children.

There's a resonance with Coca-Cola, too: exaggerated secrecy about the formula, fanatical market development, endowment of a university (Emory in the case of the Woodruff and Candler fortunes).

'''First International Conference on Time-Travel''' 
MIT students held a [http://web.mit.edu/adorai/timetraveler/ Time Traveler Convention] on May 7, 2005. The organizers did only modest publicity, claiming that the event would be reported and people in the future would read about it and decide to attend. One of the principals pointed out that only one such convention would ever need to take place. Vanderjuice's reasoning is almost a mirror image of that.

'''this year''' 
???

'''flammivomous''' 
Invented word? "Vomiting flame." Not invented: Flammivomous. (definition) by Webster 1913 (print), Tue Dec 21 1999 at 23:41:04. Flam*miv"o*mous (?), a. [L. flammivomus; flamma flame + vomere to vomit.] ...

'''1925 or thereabouts''' 
Lindsay's unfamiliarity with the term "nooky," here used to refer to attractive women and not to a sex act, its most common present day usage, will likely continue until it becomes an accepted part of the English language, which occurred, according to the ''OED'', with its first substantiative written usage in 1928. The ''OED'', by the way, prefers the spelling ''nookie''.

'''Randolph''' 
(Has he been absent?)

==Page 408==

'''telegraphic messages''' 
(Why at night, particularly? Email parody?) Seems many telegraphic messages were delivered at night, perhaps because they could be picked up during the daytime and many came after evening began.

'''"Goes with everything"''' 
Cf Al Capp's Shmoos?

'''in the way that certain odors can instantly return us to earlier years''' 
Recalls Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu in which the taste and smell of a madeleine cookie summons a collection of childhood memories.

'''Finney Hall''' 
Probably a Hall in Candlebrow U. named after American author Jack Finney, who wrote a famous time travel novel, Time & Again. See wikipedia for dates.

'''florescent''' 
flowering, blooming.From florescense. Amer Heritage Dictionary

==Page 409==

'''Gibson Girls''' 
From illustrations of a kind of woman first made by Charles Dana Gibson. Besides certain physical features--see wikipedia---such women were thought
to be 'independent', often college girls, although not suffragettes.

'''"Why you insufferable little --"''' 
This line, paired with St. Cosmo's observation at the end of the following paragraph: "And might I add, Mr. Noseworth, that these constant attempts to strangle Suckling do our public image little good," seem a fairly direct reference to a well-worn trope from the ''Simpsons'', in which the splenetic Homer, as played here by Noseworth, expresses his no-longer-controllable frustration with Bart, here the increasingly smartalecky Suckling. Pynchon, as has been widely reported, has appeared on ''The Simpsons'' a couple times.

More than even "Vineland," it seems, this book is fraught with pop culture/low comedy asides. 

'''Wellesianism''' 
Typo, unless he means Orson.

'''Asimov Transecular''' 
Interesting to find one of Isaac Asimov's time travel machines on the pile of "picked-over hulks of failed time machines." Of course, it would have to have been deposited there from some time in the future.

to transecular adj "that is made through the centuries" (Portuguese) [[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 16:48, 19 December 2006 (PST)

'''Q-98s''' 
FM station?

'''vulcanite''' 
Star Trek allusion? A kind of mineralized rubber.

'''Heusler's alloy''' 
???

'''bonzoline''' 
Synthetic ivory, used to make billiard balls.

'''electrum''' 
An alloy of gold and silver, presumably not the same as ''argentaurum''.

'''lignum vitae''' 
The very hard heavy wood of any of several tropical American guaiacum trees. In Latin, literally "wood of life."

'''platinoid''' 
???

'''magnalium''' 
Magnesium-aluminum alloy.

'''packfong silver''' 
???

'''safe harbor''' 
Paradoxical, I think.

'''automorphic''' 
auto = Self,same. Morph = to change

==Page 410==

'''revenance''' seems obviously related to revenant, a ghost a returner from the dead
???

'''Symmes Street''' possible reference to the Symme's Hole which leads into the hollow earth, i. e. a street on the extreme fringe
???

'''gaslit''' 
Lightfuel motif.

'''St. Louis Fair''' 
1904.

Also "Pygmy boyfriends escaped from the St. Louis Fair" - in the book Ota Benga, about a pygmy who appeared in the St. Louis Fair, there is a reference to pygmies escaping from their exhibit and disappearing into neighborhoods of St. Louis, never to be found

'''fantan''' 
Traditional Chinese gambling game; also a card game [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan].

'''"preserver"''' 
Gun?

'''magenta-and-green''' 
Clashing-colors motif.

==Page 411==

'''Finding of Unusual Circumstances Questionaire''' 
Also, presumably, known as the "F.U.C.Q." or "fuck-you," for short.

'''Hawaiian''' 
???

'''Zennist''' 
Practitioners of Zen Buddhism.

'''''Caged Women of Yokohama''''' 
???

==Page 412==

'''"Does a dog possess the Buddha-nature?" [...] "Yes, obviously"''' 
According to the Zen parable the answer to the question is "Mu", which is both "No" and the sound of a dog's bark, thus neither simply yes nor no. See the explanantion given by the Learned English Dog in Mason & Dixon (Ch. 3, p. 22).

'''apricot and aquamarine''' 
Clashing-colors motif.

'''Bohr... Mach... Einstein... Spengler... Wells... McTaggart''' 
All of these people did work involving either speculation about time (Wells) or other subjects that reached their highest expression in Einstein's Theory of Relativity, which had implications regarding the nature of time and spacetime [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity Wikipedia]. Pynchon refers to the fact that this work was underway and 'in the air' at the time of the novel.

'''young Einstein''' 
Perhaps a reference to the 1988 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Einstein movie] of the same name. At the time of the F.I.C.O.T.T. (1895 at the earliest), Einstein would have already published "[http://www.worldscibooks.com/phy_etextbook/4454/4454_chap1.pdf The Investigation of the State of Aether in Magnetic Fields]." Ironically, Einstein's special theory of relativity would later essentially invalidate theories of luminiferous aether.

'''neo-Augustinian''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo St. Augustine of Hippo] (354-430), in his autobiographical [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/augustine/confessions/confessions.html ''Confessions''], is credited with reconceptualizing the notion of time in Christian terms. Throyle, on [[ATD 119-148#Page 143|p.143]], summarizes what he terms "Christian time," as a "linear way of regarding time, a simple straight line from past, through present, into the future." See also [[ATD E|'''Eschatology''']].

'''fatal steamed pudding''' 
Presumably the subject of the "Christmas-pudding controversy" mentioned on p. 406. In the context of Prof. Taggart's disbelief in time and the Augustinian's presumed belief that time moves inevitably toward Christ's return, a Christmas pudding (which, one should mention, is prepared with suet or similar animal fat, though presumably Smegmo can be substituted) is a symbol, insofar as it invokes the birth of Christ, of a pivotal moment in the proper sequence of Augustinian time. The pudding, which context here suggests the neo-Augustinian dropped on the McTaggartite, at once symbolizes the Fall of Man, as well as the McTaggartite's inevitable descent into Hell. The whole arrangement is problematized, however, by the comments of the County Coroner, who describes the outcome of the event dependent on "wagering," chance being irreconcilable with Augustinian time.

'''vertical distance''' 
Of pudding-drop?

'''Old Stearinery Bell Tower''' 
???

==Page 413==

'''322 feet''' 
???

'''disordered''' 
Eg clocktower assassins?

'''homeopathist''' one who practices homeopathy
???

'''"the ''lycopodium'' type"... Fear''' lycopodium is a common homeopathic remedy for many disorders. Homeopathy being the introduction into the body, in small quantities, of a possibly toxic or irritating agent that ends up stimulating the body to heal itself
???

'''sky-brother''' 
???

'''other Promise... resurrected... two millennia''' 
???

==Page 414==

'''purlieus''' outskirts, outlying areas; also (OED) "meaner streets about some main thoroughfare; a mean, squalid or disreputable street or quarter."

This whole section is a progress into the outlying areas, the fringes
(Cf. Pynchon's story ''Low-lands'', which takes place at a town dump)

'''millwork''' 
woodwork, doors, molding, wainscotting, etc, but cheap, prefabricated, not custom-fabricted on site.

'''penumbrae''' 
(Is the ligatured-ae appropriate here?). Yes, it is the plural; each streetlight has its own penumbra.

'''interfered with''' 
Sexually molested.

'''vacant''' 
(So signs of occupancy are faked?)

'''dust''' 
(Clear sign of vacancy.)

'''systematically deluded''' 
Cf Descartes.

'''quiescence''' 
(Meatman is cyborg?)

==Page 415==

'''"Mr. Ace"''' 
Master race; ace of spades; Mr Earl?

'''phatic''' 
Relating to speech that serves to establish social relationships rather than to inform.

'''denounced''' 
(Capitalism has failed but failure still can't be mentioned.)

Taking of refuge in a planet's past was the plot of a Captain Kirk-era Star Trek episode; the unintentionally-transported Kirk is taken to be a religious dissenter; fortunately his judge is one of the "refugees".

'''certain of your great dynamos''' 
???

'''Fraternity of the Venturesome''' 
Mistranslated 'Chums of Chance'.

'''''nzzt''''' 
Electrical short?

Suggests "he" could be a holographic image. Time traveling holograms were one feature of the "Temporal Cold War" subplot of ''Star Trek: Enterprise''; one such manifestation (complete with "nzzt's") is set in a huge dynamo station in a Nazi-occupied New York. This is two possible ''Star Trek'' allusions in a single page.

'''mission assignments''' 
Pynchon seems to explain Chums backstory.

==Page 416==

'''Squanto and the Pilgrims''' 
???

Ironic (although Chick means it sincerley) since in this case the Chums of C are "Squanto" and their strange interlocutors from another dimension are the pilgrims. Chick innocently suggests that the strangers from the future just want help ( as , like the pilgrims, they have just arrived and are low on supplies, so to speak). It is implied that just as the Indian's helping the pilgrims was re-payed with disease, genocide and war, the payback the Chums reap for helping these visitors from another dimension may not be what they expect.

'''"It's our innocence...."''' 
Speculation about the motives of people who come from the future claiming to need something from the past. It is a common fallacy in all ages to think back to the past as a 'golden age' and an age of 'innocence'. Lindsay elaborates further down the page: "[I]magine ''them''... so fallen, so corrupted, that we — even we — seem to them pure as lambs. And their own time so terrible that it's sent them desparately back...." Think also of the kind of 'golden age' rhetoric often employed by certain politicians.

==Page 417==

'''"we're totally--"''' 
...fucked.

'''"He is not what he says he is."''' 
Pynchon denies Chums backstory/explanation.

In addition, his story would be plausible--almost too plausible--in terms of the thermodynamic theories of the day, i.e. the Heat Death of the Universe (about which Pynchon has written before: see ''V.'' and ''Entropy'').

'''trespassers''' 
Presumably individuals in the company of Mr. Ace and Alonzo Meatman, whose intentions toward the Chums of Chance are apparently sinister and for their own benefit. They appear to travel back through the stream of time without any kind of permission to execute their plans, thus making them trespassers (or parasites).

The idea of trespass could be thought of in another way too. Miles mentions Mr. Ace knowing him as a 'peeper' who observes the trespassers as they come to his time. We could think of the 'trespassers' as anyone in any time who looks back at a point in history. As such, they are actually 'peepers'. That these seem to have found a way not just to peep but actually to participate makes them more than peepers, in fact, it is this that constitutes their 'trespass'.

Pynchon seems to be playing with how we view history and the past, a theme common to all his work. The Chums, whose existence is, to an extent, fictional even within the work of fiction, are a nexus meant to control boundaries between points in time (e.g. the future and the present, or its past). Historians and other future observers want to use the past for their own purposes. If they become visible to the people in that past, they will appear as 'trespassers' and violators. As Miles says, they do "not have our best interests in mind".

We ourselves (readers and perhaps even more, Wiki authors) are also trespassers from the standpoint of the Chums. We read about them in the novel, which takes us to the past, to their present, and inserts us in a way that is invisible to them. We then write up entries and think thoughts about what they do. We are in their world in some way that to them is utterly mysterious and sinister because, again, we have own agendas in mind and not theirs.

'''enigmatic object''' 
Plotpoint?

==Page 418==

'''Trespass''' 
With a capital T.

'''evidence... everywhere''' 
Cf ''Crying of Lot 49''.

'''neuropathy''' 
An abnormal and usually degenerative state of the nervous system or nerves.

'''contracts''' 
With Devil.

'''Other Units''' 
(So our five gossiped to others?)

'''exhaustive''' 
Cf Trekkies.

'''came to recall''' 
Cf PK Dick.

'''red and indigo''' 
Clashing?

==Page 419==

'''"El Capitan"''' 
Sousa march.

'''"Whistling Rufus"''' 
???

'''consecrated''' 
???

'''Richardson Romanesque''' 
Style of American Romanesque architecture from 1880s-1890s, named after architect Henry Robson Richardson, notable for use of brown stone, rounded corners, arches and cylindrical turrets. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardson_Romanesque Wikipedia Entry].

'''modal theory''' 
Context is suggestive of music theory, types of scales and keys of tonal music. However, Modal Realism is the view, notably propounded by David Lewis, that possible worlds are as real as the actual world. Possible worlds exist; the actual world is merely one among an infinite set of logically possible worlds, some nearer to the actual world and some more remote. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_realism]

'''chit''' 
Piece of military or bureaucratic paperwork; context suggests "request for transfer".

'''Bing Spooninger''' 
Like "Bing" Crosby, a crooner.

'''rack''' 
Current military and collegiate slang for "bed"--an anachronism.

==Page 420==

'''every note''' 
Om?

'''say "Wall"''' 
???

'''difficult vocal feat''' 
???

'''cakewalk''' 
An African-American entertainment having a cake as prize for the most accomplished steps and figures in walking; also, a stage dance developed from walking steps and figures typically involving a high prance with backward tilt. From this, slang for a one-sided contest or an easy task.

'''draw-note''' 
Note played on harmonica by "drawing" air through reed by sucking in rather than blowing out (insert crude sex joke here).

==Page 421==

'''popularity''' 
Masochistic love of oppressors.

'''''cover identity''''' 
Burden of resistance.

'''Lombardy poplars.''' 
A large deciduous tree, reaching 30-40 m tall. They resemble large shrubs, due to their tall, slender appearance. They grow tall very quickly and usually die within 15 years of first planting.

'''Chromatic Harp''' 
A harmonica that plays all notes in an octave rather than a scale in a certain key. [http://www.hohnerusa.com/hchromatic.htm Examples].

'''Pitch Integrity Guard''' 
???

'''harmonica-reed files''' 
???

==Page 422==

'''I.G. Mundharfwerke''' 
Interessen-Gemeinschaft Mundharfwerke (Harmonica-works Association of Common Interests). "Mundharf" is Swabian German for "Harmonica".

'''drifted''' 
Cf. Slothrop's desk.

'''Offenbach''' 
Jacques Offenbach (1819-1880), French composer of operettas.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach Wikipedia Entry].

'''into the Latrine''' 
Cf. Slothrop's hallucination.

'''vapor bearing... minerals''' 
???

'''A.D.C.''' 
Aide-de-camp, administrative assistant to a commanding officer.

==Page 423==

'''None of them...''' 
Cf butterfly dreaming it's monk?

'''volunteer decoys''' 
Fan-meme.

'''"At a Georgia Camp Meeting"''' 
???

'''"deps"''' 
???

'''route out of the past''' 
The nostalgia trap.

==Page 424==

''''coon' material''' 
They enjoyed the jazzy parts of the routine.

'''isotropy''' 
???

'''presently''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb R. Crumb] did a comic like this: [http://crumbproducts.com/prints_images/sha.gif pic]

'''opposition''' 
(Was unconscious, now conscious?)

'''dropped from altitudes''' 
(Cf pudding above)

==Page 425==

'''"After the Ball"''' 
???

'''Bukhara''' 
Either the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara Emirate of Bukhara], a former country in Central Asia or its [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhara capital]

'''T.D.Y.''' 
Abbrevation for Temporary Duty? [http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/pdf/r614_11.pdf weblink]

'''''Saksaul''''' 
A plant/tree native to the deserts of Central Asia, particularly the Gobi desert; it has a very hard wood and is covered with knobs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxaul Wikipedia] [http://www.pbase.com/william_sokolenko/image/68724037 pic]

'''Q. Zane Toadflax''' 
(Sounds like Douglas Adams?). Toadflax is the name of an [http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/weedfeeders/toadflax.html invasive plant species]

'''Hypopsammotic... Hypops''' 
???

==Page 426==

'''beating their prices''' 
Contradicts p. 425 "no further expenditure".
:P. 425 merely says that "no further expenditure for that purpose [i.e. for Hypops rigs] will be approved." Presumably, the Chums have some additional discretionary fund from which to draw cash for emergency purchases such as these.

==Page 427==

'''temporarily lapsing''' 
???

'''''pigs fly''''' 
Lindsay = pig. "When (or until) pigs fly" = never.

'''legalistic''' 
???

==Page 428==

''ill-starred Bell Tower'' 
Cf. Renata's tarot reading on p. 253, the last card of which is The Tower.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 219-242

2006-12-25T15:13:51Z

Tommaso: /* Page 234 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 219==

'''Chunxton Crescent''' 
???

'''Madame Blavatsky''' 
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-1891), Russian-born founder of the Theosophical Society. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Blavatsky Wikipedia]

==Page 220==

'''Caen stone''' 
A cream-colored limestone for building, found near Caen, France.
(This definition is from the 1913 Webster's Dictionary and may be outdated.)

'''syrinx''' 
a primitive wind instrument consisting of several parallel pipes bound together

'''ten-in-one''' 
Ten sideshow acts for one admission. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sideshow Wikipedia]

'''Grand Cohen''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen_Gadol Great Priest "Kohen Gadol"]. As Kohens were Levites it might also refer to a rank in succession of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliphas_L%C3%A9vi Eliphas Levi], whose "Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie" was translated into English by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Edward_Waite A.E.Waite].

==Page 221==

''''Tzaddik'''' 
A righteous Jew. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzadik Wikipedia]

==Page 222==

'''Simla''' 
British outpost in Himalayas. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimla Wikipedia]

'''Smartly taken at silly point''' 
A cricketing reference. Silly point is a fielding position very close to the batsman. [http://www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&q=smartly.taken+silly.point examples]

'''To know, to dare, to will, to keep silent''' 
Mystical formula. [http://www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&q=to.know.to.dare.to.will examples]
The four precepts of Western Magick, extensively discussed in the writings of Aleister Crowley.

'''"There is but one 'case' which occupies us"''' 
This echoes the famous quote from Wittgenstein's ''Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus'': "The world is all that is the case." (See the full text of the ''Tractatus'' [http://www.kfs.org/~jonathan/witt/tlph.html here].) This quote also factors in heavily in V. (Specifically, in two places: there's the [http://www.phil-reed.com/2006/02/14/the-love-songs-of-thomas-pynchon/ P's and Q's love song], and also in Captain Weissman's repeating, encoded, hallucinated message over the telegraph in Africa.)

'''The Number 22''' 
I found it interesting that the significance of the number 22 was first brought up on page 222. might be nothing, really.

==Page 224==

'''"'walking out'"''' 
A walking date.

'''Trumper's''' 
London's royal barbers since 1875. [http://www.trumpers.com/ site]

'''On this island [...] all English, spoken or written, is looked down on as no more than strings of text cleverly encrypted''' 
A sentiment echoed in the first sentence of Pynchon's December 2006 letter written in defense of novelist Ian McEwan: "Given the British genius for coded utterance..." [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/12/06/nwriter06.xml Image of Letter]

'''crosswords in newspapers''' 
The first crossword to appear in a newspaper was in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossword#History 1913]. Cryptic crosswords in British newspapers certainly match Pynchon's description. See, for example, [http://www.crossword.org.uk/listen.htm the Listener crossword].

==Page 225==

'''Girton College''' 
For women, founded 1869. [http://www.girton.cam.ac.uk/about/history/brief.html history]

'''four stone''' 
56 pounds.

'''''gaver du visage''''' 
To forcefeed of the face. [http://french.about.com/od/vocabulary/g/gaver.htm cite]

==Page 226==

'''growler''' 
Hansom cab.

'''Renfrew at Cambridge and Werfner at Göttingen''' 
Note that each Professor's name is the other's spelled backward. Given the importance of railway lines in this and other chapters, it is also interesting to note that Cambridge's rail system was built in 1845 while Gottingen's was built in 1854.

'''Berlin Conference of 1878''' 
Divided Balkans after Russo-Turkish War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin Wikipedia]

==Page 227==

'''"The Great Game"''' 
'The Great Game' in this case does not refer to Padzhitnoff's airship, but it's the same name.

'''mamluk lamps''' 
[http://www.aucegypt.edu/academic/arabstudies/contact.html pic]

'''English Rose''' 
Traditional English beauty.

==Page 228==

'''Oliver Lodge''' 
English physicist, inventor and writer (1851-1940) involved in the development of wireless telegraphy and radio. After the death of his son in 1915, Lodge became interested in spiritualism and life after death and wrote several books on the subject. Lodge conducted research on lightning, electricity, electromagnetism and wrote about the aether, themes that are repeated throughout ''ATD.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Joseph_Lodge Wikipedia entry].

'''William Crookes''' 
English chemist and physicist (1832-1919) who worked in spectroscopy and whose work pioneered the construction and use of vacuum tubes. Like Oliver Lodge, Crookes was also a spiritualist, which appears to be Pynchon's reason for grouping him with others in this passage, although his experiments in electricity and light also tie in with these themes in ''ATD.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crookes Wikipedia entry].

'''Mrs. Piper''' 
Probably [http://www.survivalafterdeath.org/mediums/piper.htm Leonora Piper] 1857-1950.

'''Eusapia Palladino''' 
(1854-1918) Famous italian spiritualist medium.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusapia_Palladino Wikipedia entry].

'''W.T. Stead''' 
William T. Stead (1849-1912), British writer, poet, social crusader, and spiritualist. He went down with the ''Titanic.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomas_Stead Wikipedia entry].

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
???

'''Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia''' 
According to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Obrenovich Wikipedia] the assassination occured on 11 June 1903, so the seance at which Mrs. Burchell "witnessed" it, should have taken place in March 1903.

'''Parsons-Short Auxetophone''' 
[http://www.dself.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/COMMS/auxetophone/auxetoph.htm pic and info]

==Page 229==

'''syntonic''' 
Pun on electrical/psychological jargon? [http://www.answers.com/syntonic&r=67 def]

==Page 230==

'''Michaelmas term''' 
The fall term, starting early October (1900 here). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelmas_term Wikipedia]

'''tweeny''' 
Betweenmaid.

'''Edward Oxford''' 
attempted to shoot Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert, at the time of her first pregnancy (1840).[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Oxford Wikipedia]

'''Tory despotism''' 
Thatcher?

'''Catholics''' 
Someone famously cited James Joyce as proof that Catholics shouldn't get university educations.

==Page 231==

'''postal image''' 
[http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Penny_black.jpg pic]

'''immune to time''' 
Cf Wilde's Dorian Grey.

'''springtide''' 
Cf "dreamy thing" p201.

==Page 232==

'''Éliphaz Lévi''' 
A/K/A Eliphas Levi, ''nom de plume'' of Alphonse Louis Constant (1810-1875), French occultist and writer who pioneered a revival of Magick in the 19th Century, and was an influence on A.E. Waite, the Order of the Golden Dawn, and Aleister Crowley. An acquaintance of novelist Edward ("It was a dark and stormy night") Bulwer-Lytton. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliphas_Levi Wikipedia entry].

'''punters''' 
???

'''number twenty-four''' 
Or 25? [http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/gvp/gvp11.htm etext]

'''Iamblichus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iamblichus_%28philosopher%29 Wikipedia]

'''maquillage''' 
Makeup. [http://www.answers.com/maquillage&r=67 def]

==Page 233==

'''Collis Brown's Mixture''' 
[http://admin.safescript.com/drugcgic.cgi/DRUG?1006901319+0 ingredients]

'''xylene''' 
a type of benzene, able to cause several damages to health, especially to the brain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylene wikipedia]

'''a thousand pounds a year''' 
Over $100,000 today. [http://futureboy.homeip.net/fsp/dollar.fsp?quantity=1000&currency=pounds&fromYear=1900 cite]

==Page 234==

'''Condy's fluid''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Bollmann_Condy Wikipedia]

'''Cheapside''' 
an important market street in the City of London.

'''mews''' 
British term for a narrow alley.

'''Poole's''' 
???

==Page 235==

'''sensitive flames''' 
Cf GR.

'''Soxhlet extractos''' 
???

'''Glynsky and Le Bel-Henninger''' 
???

'''tremblers and timers''' 
For bombs.

'''proper solvent procedures''' 
Famous 1960s "Anarchist Cookbook" was infamously inaccurate.

==Page 236==

'''The Gentleman Bomber of Headingly''' 
Cf Hornung's 'Gentleman Thief' and cricket player, Raffles. [http://www.mysterynet.com/books/testimony/hardknox.shtml info]

Reminds me of the Krikkit Robots in Douglas Adams' ''Life, The Universe, and Everything,'' where a bomb is put in place of a Cricket Ball at a match between Britain and Australia.

'''The Ashes''' 
An international cricket series between England and Australia dating back to 1882. A number of references in this chapter relate to this rivalry. For example, on this page the English cricket ball is compared to the Australian "kookaburra". Kookaburra is the brand name of the balls used in Australia, in England it's Duke. The properties of the English ball was one of the keys to England's success in the summer of 2005. Was Pynchon's writing here influenced by the hype in the UK at the time?

'''Phosgene''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosgene Wikipedia]

'''logwood''' 
Source of red dye. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logwood Wikipedia]

'''exhiliration''' 
Spelling typo.

==Page 237==

'''beige substance''' 
Presumably Cyclomite.

'''Gemini''' 
21 May to 20 June. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_%28astrology%29 Wikipedia]

'''Bosanquet''' 
Another Ashes reference. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/9158.html Bernard Bosanquet] invented the bosie (or googly), as described here, around 1900. A major factor in England's 2005 Ashes success was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_swing reverse swing], another type of delivery whose physical dynamics are poorly understood.

'''Hebrew letter Shin- sign''' 
"This person greeted the Cohen by raising his left hand, then spreading the fingers two and two away from the thumb so as to form the Hebrew letter ''shin'', signifying the initial letter of one of the pre-Mosaic (that is, plural) names of God, which may never be spoken.

" 'Basically wishing long life and prosperity,' explained the Choen, answering with the same gesture"
 
compare with the following from M&D 485: 
Dixon discovers "The Rabbi of Prague, headquarters of a Kabbalistick Faith, in Correspondence with the Elect Cohens of Paris, whose private Salute they now greet Dixon with, the Fingers spread two and two, and the Thumb held away from them likewise, said to represent the Hebrew letter ''Shin'' and to signify, 'Live long and prosper.' " 
So is there connection between The Cohen of T.W.I.T., the "Cohens of Paris"? and these backwoods Kabbalists? 
Obvious connects with Star Trek's Vulcan greeting and with Leonard Nimoy's jewish faith.

==Page 238==

'''''morsus fundamento''''' 
Latin: A bite on the ass?

'''three-percent consols''' 
British bonds. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consols wikipedia]

==Page 239==

'''Colney Hatch''' 
London lunatic asylum. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum Wikipedia]

'''MCTAGGART... VATICAN... HARDY''' 
Logician joke. [http://www.anvari.org/shortjoke/Science_Humor/1210.html etext]

'''CREATE MORE DUKES''' and '''EXPROPRIATE CHUCKERS''' 
Is the grafitti in Cambridge another cricketing reference? Dukes are the balls used in England (cf. p236). Chucking (or bending the arm when bowling) is an emotive topic in cricket that arises from time to time. It first arose around 1900 [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/258016.html]. In 2005 it caused administrators to change the rules of the game [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/144358.html].

==Page 241==

'''A bosie from a beamer''' 
More cricket! A bosie is now more commonly known as a googly (cf. p237). A beamer is a full-pitched delivery that reaches the batsman above waist height.

==Page 242==

'''Inner Asia''' 
[http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/mapproj/gif/nstereo.gif map]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 219-242

2006-12-25T15:12:08Z

Tommaso: /* Page 233 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 219==

'''Chunxton Crescent''' 
???

'''Madame Blavatsky''' 
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-1891), Russian-born founder of the Theosophical Society. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Blavatsky Wikipedia]

==Page 220==

'''Caen stone''' 
A cream-colored limestone for building, found near Caen, France.
(This definition is from the 1913 Webster's Dictionary and may be outdated.)

'''syrinx''' 
a primitive wind instrument consisting of several parallel pipes bound together

'''ten-in-one''' 
Ten sideshow acts for one admission. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sideshow Wikipedia]

'''Grand Cohen''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen_Gadol Great Priest "Kohen Gadol"]. As Kohens were Levites it might also refer to a rank in succession of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliphas_L%C3%A9vi Eliphas Levi], whose "Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie" was translated into English by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Edward_Waite A.E.Waite].

==Page 221==

''''Tzaddik'''' 
A righteous Jew. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzadik Wikipedia]

==Page 222==

'''Simla''' 
British outpost in Himalayas. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimla Wikipedia]

'''Smartly taken at silly point''' 
A cricketing reference. Silly point is a fielding position very close to the batsman. [http://www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&q=smartly.taken+silly.point examples]

'''To know, to dare, to will, to keep silent''' 
Mystical formula. [http://www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&q=to.know.to.dare.to.will examples]
The four precepts of Western Magick, extensively discussed in the writings of Aleister Crowley.

'''"There is but one 'case' which occupies us"''' 
This echoes the famous quote from Wittgenstein's ''Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus'': "The world is all that is the case." (See the full text of the ''Tractatus'' [http://www.kfs.org/~jonathan/witt/tlph.html here].) This quote also factors in heavily in V. (Specifically, in two places: there's the [http://www.phil-reed.com/2006/02/14/the-love-songs-of-thomas-pynchon/ P's and Q's love song], and also in Captain Weissman's repeating, encoded, hallucinated message over the telegraph in Africa.)

'''The Number 22''' 
I found it interesting that the significance of the number 22 was first brought up on page 222. might be nothing, really.

==Page 224==

'''"'walking out'"''' 
A walking date.

'''Trumper's''' 
London's royal barbers since 1875. [http://www.trumpers.com/ site]

'''On this island [...] all English, spoken or written, is looked down on as no more than strings of text cleverly encrypted''' 
A sentiment echoed in the first sentence of Pynchon's December 2006 letter written in defense of novelist Ian McEwan: "Given the British genius for coded utterance..." [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/12/06/nwriter06.xml Image of Letter]

'''crosswords in newspapers''' 
The first crossword to appear in a newspaper was in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossword#History 1913]. Cryptic crosswords in British newspapers certainly match Pynchon's description. See, for example, [http://www.crossword.org.uk/listen.htm the Listener crossword].

==Page 225==

'''Girton College''' 
For women, founded 1869. [http://www.girton.cam.ac.uk/about/history/brief.html history]

'''four stone''' 
56 pounds.

'''''gaver du visage''''' 
To forcefeed of the face. [http://french.about.com/od/vocabulary/g/gaver.htm cite]

==Page 226==

'''growler''' 
Hansom cab.

'''Renfrew at Cambridge and Werfner at Göttingen''' 
Note that each Professor's name is the other's spelled backward. Given the importance of railway lines in this and other chapters, it is also interesting to note that Cambridge's rail system was built in 1845 while Gottingen's was built in 1854.

'''Berlin Conference of 1878''' 
Divided Balkans after Russo-Turkish War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin Wikipedia]

==Page 227==

'''"The Great Game"''' 
'The Great Game' in this case does not refer to Padzhitnoff's airship, but it's the same name.

'''mamluk lamps''' 
[http://www.aucegypt.edu/academic/arabstudies/contact.html pic]

'''English Rose''' 
Traditional English beauty.

==Page 228==

'''Oliver Lodge''' 
English physicist, inventor and writer (1851-1940) involved in the development of wireless telegraphy and radio. After the death of his son in 1915, Lodge became interested in spiritualism and life after death and wrote several books on the subject. Lodge conducted research on lightning, electricity, electromagnetism and wrote about the aether, themes that are repeated throughout ''ATD.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Joseph_Lodge Wikipedia entry].

'''William Crookes''' 
English chemist and physicist (1832-1919) who worked in spectroscopy and whose work pioneered the construction and use of vacuum tubes. Like Oliver Lodge, Crookes was also a spiritualist, which appears to be Pynchon's reason for grouping him with others in this passage, although his experiments in electricity and light also tie in with these themes in ''ATD.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crookes Wikipedia entry].

'''Mrs. Piper''' 
Probably [http://www.survivalafterdeath.org/mediums/piper.htm Leonora Piper] 1857-1950.

'''Eusapia Palladino''' 
(1854-1918) Famous italian spiritualist medium.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusapia_Palladino Wikipedia entry].

'''W.T. Stead''' 
William T. Stead (1849-1912), British writer, poet, social crusader, and spiritualist. He went down with the ''Titanic.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomas_Stead Wikipedia entry].

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
???

'''Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia''' 
According to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Obrenovich Wikipedia] the assassination occured on 11 June 1903, so the seance at which Mrs. Burchell "witnessed" it, should have taken place in March 1903.

'''Parsons-Short Auxetophone''' 
[http://www.dself.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/COMMS/auxetophone/auxetoph.htm pic and info]

==Page 229==

'''syntonic''' 
Pun on electrical/psychological jargon? [http://www.answers.com/syntonic&r=67 def]

==Page 230==

'''Michaelmas term''' 
The fall term, starting early October (1900 here). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelmas_term Wikipedia]

'''tweeny''' 
Betweenmaid.

'''Edward Oxford''' 
attempted to shoot Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert, at the time of her first pregnancy (1840).[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Oxford Wikipedia]

'''Tory despotism''' 
Thatcher?

'''Catholics''' 
Someone famously cited James Joyce as proof that Catholics shouldn't get university educations.

==Page 231==

'''postal image''' 
[http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Penny_black.jpg pic]

'''immune to time''' 
Cf Wilde's Dorian Grey.

'''springtide''' 
Cf "dreamy thing" p201.

==Page 232==

'''Éliphaz Lévi''' 
A/K/A Eliphas Levi, ''nom de plume'' of Alphonse Louis Constant (1810-1875), French occultist and writer who pioneered a revival of Magick in the 19th Century, and was an influence on A.E. Waite, the Order of the Golden Dawn, and Aleister Crowley. An acquaintance of novelist Edward ("It was a dark and stormy night") Bulwer-Lytton. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliphas_Levi Wikipedia entry].

'''punters''' 
???

'''number twenty-four''' 
Or 25? [http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/gvp/gvp11.htm etext]

'''Iamblichus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iamblichus_%28philosopher%29 Wikipedia]

'''maquillage''' 
Makeup. [http://www.answers.com/maquillage&r=67 def]

==Page 233==

'''Collis Brown's Mixture''' 
[http://admin.safescript.com/drugcgic.cgi/DRUG?1006901319+0 ingredients]

'''xylene''' 
a type of benzene, able to cause several damages to health, especially to the brain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylene wikipedia]

'''a thousand pounds a year''' 
Over $100,000 today. [http://futureboy.homeip.net/fsp/dollar.fsp?quantity=1000&currency=pounds&fromYear=1900 cite]

==Page 234==

'''Condy's fluid''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Bollmann_Condy Wikipedia]

'''Cheapside''' 
???

'''mews''' 
British term for a narrow alley.

'''Poole's''' 
???

==Page 235==

'''sensitive flames''' 
Cf GR.

'''Soxhlet extractos''' 
???

'''Glynsky and Le Bel-Henninger''' 
???

'''tremblers and timers''' 
For bombs.

'''proper solvent procedures''' 
Famous 1960s "Anarchist Cookbook" was infamously inaccurate.

==Page 236==

'''The Gentleman Bomber of Headingly''' 
Cf Hornung's 'Gentleman Thief' and cricket player, Raffles. [http://www.mysterynet.com/books/testimony/hardknox.shtml info]

Reminds me of the Krikkit Robots in Douglas Adams' ''Life, The Universe, and Everything,'' where a bomb is put in place of a Cricket Ball at a match between Britain and Australia.

'''The Ashes''' 
An international cricket series between England and Australia dating back to 1882. A number of references in this chapter relate to this rivalry. For example, on this page the English cricket ball is compared to the Australian "kookaburra". Kookaburra is the brand name of the balls used in Australia, in England it's Duke. The properties of the English ball was one of the keys to England's success in the summer of 2005. Was Pynchon's writing here influenced by the hype in the UK at the time?

'''Phosgene''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosgene Wikipedia]

'''logwood''' 
Source of red dye. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logwood Wikipedia]

'''exhiliration''' 
Spelling typo.

==Page 237==

'''beige substance''' 
Presumably Cyclomite.

'''Gemini''' 
21 May to 20 June. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_%28astrology%29 Wikipedia]

'''Bosanquet''' 
Another Ashes reference. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/9158.html Bernard Bosanquet] invented the bosie (or googly), as described here, around 1900. A major factor in England's 2005 Ashes success was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_swing reverse swing], another type of delivery whose physical dynamics are poorly understood.

'''Hebrew letter Shin- sign''' 
"This person greeted the Cohen by raising his left hand, then spreading the fingers two and two away from the thumb so as to form the Hebrew letter ''shin'', signifying the initial letter of one of the pre-Mosaic (that is, plural) names of God, which may never be spoken.

" 'Basically wishing long life and prosperity,' explained the Choen, answering with the same gesture"
 
compare with the following from M&D 485: 
Dixon discovers "The Rabbi of Prague, headquarters of a Kabbalistick Faith, in Correspondence with the Elect Cohens of Paris, whose private Salute they now greet Dixon with, the Fingers spread two and two, and the Thumb held away from them likewise, said to represent the Hebrew letter ''Shin'' and to signify, 'Live long and prosper.' " 
So is there connection between The Cohen of T.W.I.T., the "Cohens of Paris"? and these backwoods Kabbalists? 
Obvious connects with Star Trek's Vulcan greeting and with Leonard Nimoy's jewish faith.

==Page 238==

'''''morsus fundamento''''' 
Latin: A bite on the ass?

'''three-percent consols''' 
British bonds. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consols wikipedia]

==Page 239==

'''Colney Hatch''' 
London lunatic asylum. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum Wikipedia]

'''MCTAGGART... VATICAN... HARDY''' 
Logician joke. [http://www.anvari.org/shortjoke/Science_Humor/1210.html etext]

'''CREATE MORE DUKES''' and '''EXPROPRIATE CHUCKERS''' 
Is the grafitti in Cambridge another cricketing reference? Dukes are the balls used in England (cf. p236). Chucking (or bending the arm when bowling) is an emotive topic in cricket that arises from time to time. It first arose around 1900 [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/258016.html]. In 2005 it caused administrators to change the rules of the game [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/144358.html].

==Page 241==

'''A bosie from a beamer''' 
More cricket! A bosie is now more commonly known as a googly (cf. p237). A beamer is a full-pitched delivery that reaches the batsman above waist height.

==Page 242==

'''Inner Asia''' 
[http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/mapproj/gif/nstereo.gif map]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 219-242

2006-12-25T15:08:19Z

Tommaso: /* Page 230 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 219==

'''Chunxton Crescent''' 
???

'''Madame Blavatsky''' 
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-1891), Russian-born founder of the Theosophical Society. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Blavatsky Wikipedia]

==Page 220==

'''Caen stone''' 
A cream-colored limestone for building, found near Caen, France.
(This definition is from the 1913 Webster's Dictionary and may be outdated.)

'''syrinx''' 
a primitive wind instrument consisting of several parallel pipes bound together

'''ten-in-one''' 
Ten sideshow acts for one admission. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sideshow Wikipedia]

'''Grand Cohen''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen_Gadol Great Priest "Kohen Gadol"]. As Kohens were Levites it might also refer to a rank in succession of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliphas_L%C3%A9vi Eliphas Levi], whose "Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie" was translated into English by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Edward_Waite A.E.Waite].

==Page 221==

''''Tzaddik'''' 
A righteous Jew. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzadik Wikipedia]

==Page 222==

'''Simla''' 
British outpost in Himalayas. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimla Wikipedia]

'''Smartly taken at silly point''' 
A cricketing reference. Silly point is a fielding position very close to the batsman. [http://www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&q=smartly.taken+silly.point examples]

'''To know, to dare, to will, to keep silent''' 
Mystical formula. [http://www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&q=to.know.to.dare.to.will examples]
The four precepts of Western Magick, extensively discussed in the writings of Aleister Crowley.

'''"There is but one 'case' which occupies us"''' 
This echoes the famous quote from Wittgenstein's ''Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus'': "The world is all that is the case." (See the full text of the ''Tractatus'' [http://www.kfs.org/~jonathan/witt/tlph.html here].) This quote also factors in heavily in V. (Specifically, in two places: there's the [http://www.phil-reed.com/2006/02/14/the-love-songs-of-thomas-pynchon/ P's and Q's love song], and also in Captain Weissman's repeating, encoded, hallucinated message over the telegraph in Africa.)

'''The Number 22''' 
I found it interesting that the significance of the number 22 was first brought up on page 222. might be nothing, really.

==Page 224==

'''"'walking out'"''' 
A walking date.

'''Trumper's''' 
London's royal barbers since 1875. [http://www.trumpers.com/ site]

'''On this island [...] all English, spoken or written, is looked down on as no more than strings of text cleverly encrypted''' 
A sentiment echoed in the first sentence of Pynchon's December 2006 letter written in defense of novelist Ian McEwan: "Given the British genius for coded utterance..." [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/12/06/nwriter06.xml Image of Letter]

'''crosswords in newspapers''' 
The first crossword to appear in a newspaper was in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossword#History 1913]. Cryptic crosswords in British newspapers certainly match Pynchon's description. See, for example, [http://www.crossword.org.uk/listen.htm the Listener crossword].

==Page 225==

'''Girton College''' 
For women, founded 1869. [http://www.girton.cam.ac.uk/about/history/brief.html history]

'''four stone''' 
56 pounds.

'''''gaver du visage''''' 
To forcefeed of the face. [http://french.about.com/od/vocabulary/g/gaver.htm cite]

==Page 226==

'''growler''' 
Hansom cab.

'''Renfrew at Cambridge and Werfner at Göttingen''' 
Note that each Professor's name is the other's spelled backward. Given the importance of railway lines in this and other chapters, it is also interesting to note that Cambridge's rail system was built in 1845 while Gottingen's was built in 1854.

'''Berlin Conference of 1878''' 
Divided Balkans after Russo-Turkish War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin Wikipedia]

==Page 227==

'''"The Great Game"''' 
'The Great Game' in this case does not refer to Padzhitnoff's airship, but it's the same name.

'''mamluk lamps''' 
[http://www.aucegypt.edu/academic/arabstudies/contact.html pic]

'''English Rose''' 
Traditional English beauty.

==Page 228==

'''Oliver Lodge''' 
English physicist, inventor and writer (1851-1940) involved in the development of wireless telegraphy and radio. After the death of his son in 1915, Lodge became interested in spiritualism and life after death and wrote several books on the subject. Lodge conducted research on lightning, electricity, electromagnetism and wrote about the aether, themes that are repeated throughout ''ATD.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Joseph_Lodge Wikipedia entry].

'''William Crookes''' 
English chemist and physicist (1832-1919) who worked in spectroscopy and whose work pioneered the construction and use of vacuum tubes. Like Oliver Lodge, Crookes was also a spiritualist, which appears to be Pynchon's reason for grouping him with others in this passage, although his experiments in electricity and light also tie in with these themes in ''ATD.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crookes Wikipedia entry].

'''Mrs. Piper''' 
Probably [http://www.survivalafterdeath.org/mediums/piper.htm Leonora Piper] 1857-1950.

'''Eusapia Palladino''' 
(1854-1918) Famous italian spiritualist medium.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusapia_Palladino Wikipedia entry].

'''W.T. Stead''' 
William T. Stead (1849-1912), British writer, poet, social crusader, and spiritualist. He went down with the ''Titanic.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomas_Stead Wikipedia entry].

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
???

'''Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia''' 
According to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Obrenovich Wikipedia] the assassination occured on 11 June 1903, so the seance at which Mrs. Burchell "witnessed" it, should have taken place in March 1903.

'''Parsons-Short Auxetophone''' 
[http://www.dself.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/COMMS/auxetophone/auxetoph.htm pic and info]

==Page 229==

'''syntonic''' 
Pun on electrical/psychological jargon? [http://www.answers.com/syntonic&r=67 def]

==Page 230==

'''Michaelmas term''' 
The fall term, starting early October (1900 here). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelmas_term Wikipedia]

'''tweeny''' 
Betweenmaid.

'''Edward Oxford''' 
attempted to shoot Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert, at the time of her first pregnancy (1840).[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Oxford Wikipedia]

'''Tory despotism''' 
Thatcher?

'''Catholics''' 
Someone famously cited James Joyce as proof that Catholics shouldn't get university educations.

==Page 231==

'''postal image''' 
[http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Penny_black.jpg pic]

'''immune to time''' 
Cf Wilde's Dorian Grey.

'''springtide''' 
Cf "dreamy thing" p201.

==Page 232==

'''Éliphaz Lévi''' 
A/K/A Eliphas Levi, ''nom de plume'' of Alphonse Louis Constant (1810-1875), French occultist and writer who pioneered a revival of Magick in the 19th Century, and was an influence on A.E. Waite, the Order of the Golden Dawn, and Aleister Crowley. An acquaintance of novelist Edward ("It was a dark and stormy night") Bulwer-Lytton. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliphas_Levi Wikipedia entry].

'''punters''' 
???

'''number twenty-four''' 
Or 25? [http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/gvp/gvp11.htm etext]

'''Iamblichus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iamblichus_%28philosopher%29 Wikipedia]

'''maquillage''' 
Makeup. [http://www.answers.com/maquillage&r=67 def]

==Page 233==

'''Collis Brown's Mixture''' 
[http://admin.safescript.com/drugcgic.cgi/DRUG?1006901319+0 ingredients]

'''xylene''' 
???

'''a thousand pounds a year''' 
Over $100,000 today. [http://futureboy.homeip.net/fsp/dollar.fsp?quantity=1000&currency=pounds&fromYear=1900 cite]

==Page 234==

'''Condy's fluid''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Bollmann_Condy Wikipedia]

'''Cheapside''' 
???

'''mews''' 
British term for a narrow alley.

'''Poole's''' 
???

==Page 235==

'''sensitive flames''' 
Cf GR.

'''Soxhlet extractos''' 
???

'''Glynsky and Le Bel-Henninger''' 
???

'''tremblers and timers''' 
For bombs.

'''proper solvent procedures''' 
Famous 1960s "Anarchist Cookbook" was infamously inaccurate.

==Page 236==

'''The Gentleman Bomber of Headingly''' 
Cf Hornung's 'Gentleman Thief' and cricket player, Raffles. [http://www.mysterynet.com/books/testimony/hardknox.shtml info]

Reminds me of the Krikkit Robots in Douglas Adams' ''Life, The Universe, and Everything,'' where a bomb is put in place of a Cricket Ball at a match between Britain and Australia.

'''The Ashes''' 
An international cricket series between England and Australia dating back to 1882. A number of references in this chapter relate to this rivalry. For example, on this page the English cricket ball is compared to the Australian "kookaburra". Kookaburra is the brand name of the balls used in Australia, in England it's Duke. The properties of the English ball was one of the keys to England's success in the summer of 2005. Was Pynchon's writing here influenced by the hype in the UK at the time?

'''Phosgene''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosgene Wikipedia]

'''logwood''' 
Source of red dye. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logwood Wikipedia]

'''exhiliration''' 
Spelling typo.

==Page 237==

'''beige substance''' 
Presumably Cyclomite.

'''Gemini''' 
21 May to 20 June. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_%28astrology%29 Wikipedia]

'''Bosanquet''' 
Another Ashes reference. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/9158.html Bernard Bosanquet] invented the bosie (or googly), as described here, around 1900. A major factor in England's 2005 Ashes success was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_swing reverse swing], another type of delivery whose physical dynamics are poorly understood.

'''Hebrew letter Shin- sign''' 
"This person greeted the Cohen by raising his left hand, then spreading the fingers two and two away from the thumb so as to form the Hebrew letter ''shin'', signifying the initial letter of one of the pre-Mosaic (that is, plural) names of God, which may never be spoken.

" 'Basically wishing long life and prosperity,' explained the Choen, answering with the same gesture"
 
compare with the following from M&D 485: 
Dixon discovers "The Rabbi of Prague, headquarters of a Kabbalistick Faith, in Correspondence with the Elect Cohens of Paris, whose private Salute they now greet Dixon with, the Fingers spread two and two, and the Thumb held away from them likewise, said to represent the Hebrew letter ''Shin'' and to signify, 'Live long and prosper.' " 
So is there connection between The Cohen of T.W.I.T., the "Cohens of Paris"? and these backwoods Kabbalists? 
Obvious connects with Star Trek's Vulcan greeting and with Leonard Nimoy's jewish faith.

==Page 238==

'''''morsus fundamento''''' 
Latin: A bite on the ass?

'''three-percent consols''' 
British bonds. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consols wikipedia]

==Page 239==

'''Colney Hatch''' 
London lunatic asylum. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum Wikipedia]

'''MCTAGGART... VATICAN... HARDY''' 
Logician joke. [http://www.anvari.org/shortjoke/Science_Humor/1210.html etext]

'''CREATE MORE DUKES''' and '''EXPROPRIATE CHUCKERS''' 
Is the grafitti in Cambridge another cricketing reference? Dukes are the balls used in England (cf. p236). Chucking (or bending the arm when bowling) is an emotive topic in cricket that arises from time to time. It first arose around 1900 [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/258016.html]. In 2005 it caused administrators to change the rules of the game [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/144358.html].

==Page 241==

'''A bosie from a beamer''' 
More cricket! A bosie is now more commonly known as a googly (cf. p237). A beamer is a full-pitched delivery that reaches the batsman above waist height.

==Page 242==

'''Inner Asia''' 
[http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/mapproj/gif/nstereo.gif map]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 199-218

2006-12-25T14:56:36Z

Tommaso: /* Page 212 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 204==

'''Linnet''' 
European finch. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnet Wikipedia]

==Page 205==

'''against the daylight''' 
A direct example of ''against the day'' as ''against the light''. Significantly, Frank's attempt to discern Stray's true facial expression is thwarted by the daylight behind her. An object positioned against the daylight, or, in general, between an observer and a light source, is shadowed or silhouetted -- in Pynchon's words of the same sentence, "veiled by its own penumbra". This is suggestive of the idea that light does not always illuminate.

'''"faro boxes"''' 
Card game with anti-cheating mechanism that can be fixed. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faro_(card_game) Wikipedia]

==Page 206==

'''sout-to-soul''' and '''down Mexico way''' 
Possible allusions to blues-rock guitarists Stevie Ray Vaughan and Jimi Hendrix, respectively. The first phrase was the title of a Vaughan album and the second is a phrase used in the song "Hey Joe," most famously recorded by Hendrix.

'''a turbulent bath of noise that could have been fragments of speech or music surged along the lines''' 
An imagistic allusion to the work of Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver, specifically their 1948 book ''A Mathematical Theory of Communication''. Shannon and Weaver were engineers working for Bell Systems who posited that information traffic through telephone systems could best be described in mathematically terms normally reserved for the flow of turbulent fluids. Their work, along with that of Norbert Weiner, founds the basis of the American branch of information theory. Wikipedia citations for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Shannon Shannon] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Weaver Weaver], and for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_theory information theory].

==Page 207==

'''"Bob Meldrum"''' 
1920s outlaw. [http://www.museumnwco.org/lookBackArticle.php?lookBackID=35 cite]

==Page 209==

'''Towers of Silence''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towers_of_Silence Wikipedia]

==Page 210==

'''Reef learned from the Rev''' 
Implausible that he had time to chat.

== Page 211 ==

''' a kind of winged God ''' 
in various depictions, Satan appears as an angel/godlike-creature with huge wings. One of the most famous examples would be Milton's "Paradise Lost", especially Books 1 and 2.

==Page 212==

'''The upside down star''' 
Talking about the Marshal of Jeshimon, The Rev. of the town says:
"'notice anything in particular?...Observe the star Wes is wearing.'...It
was a five-pointed star, nickel-plated, like they tended to war, except
that it was on upside down. 'Whith the two points up-that's the horns of
the Devil, and signifies that Elderly Gent and his works.'"

In Mason and Dixon: The upside star is a symbol two things that are connected: 1. when M&D are trying to find true north, they look at starts in their telescope at measure when they reach the peak of their arc arcoss the sky. In the telescope the star is upside down. Thus, upside down stars symbolize points which cut through distortion.
2. The star is seen again and again on rifles of both Dutch and American design.
They pop up around slavery, a massacre, and an Iron refinery used for making impliments of slavery and war. The rifle is much like a telescope, but differs in that it shoots lead rather then huge sweaping cuts across the landscape. But they are both acts that are branded by evil.

The "upside down star" is also known as the ''inverted pentagram'' (with "two horns exalted"), an emblem of the Devil.

==Page 213==

'''dusk's reassembly of the broken day''' 
Broken by heat, reassembled as it cools.

==Page 214==

'''stole a horse''' 
(What happened to the one he came with, p209?)

==Page 215==

'''Socorro''' 
Could he have been visiting Frank at mine school?

==Page 216==

'''"Just greasy ashes by the trailside."''' 
Cf. p. 10, "tall smokestacks unceasingly vomiting black grease-smoke."

'''disrespect''' 
Corruption setting in?

==Page 217==

'''Confederate Colt''' 
See p88.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 171-198

2006-12-25T14:48:55Z

Tommaso: /* Page 198 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 174==

'''"your own brother"''' 
Unabomber Ted Kaczynski was turned in by his brother. ("Kaczynski" means 'ducky' or 'duckman'. Did TRP hide this somewhere?)

==Page 176==
'''Tortoni's on Arapahoe''' 
Italian restaurant located in the 1500 block of Arapahoe Street in downtown Denver. [http://www.rootsweb.com/~codenver/miracle/104.htm Photo]

'''Gahan's saloon across the street from City Hall''' 
Saloon operated by William Gahan, a Denver City Councilman, and his brothers conveniently located at 1401 Larimer Street in Denver, across the street from City Hall. Gahan operated two other saloons, including one at 1133 Larimer Street, which he supposedly kept open on Sundays, harbored gambling, and sponsored a boys' baseball team that played for beer.

'''Ed Chase, the boss of the red-light district''' 
Edward "Big Ed" Chase (1838-1921) was a New Yorker from Saratoga Springs who became the leader of criminal activities in Denver from 1860 on, and as such was an influential and respected man. He ran saloons, gambling houses, bordellos, and theaters (specializing in "burlesque"), and served on the Denver City Council from 1866-1869. After that, he was a behind-the-scenes ward boss and power broker for the Republican party, which dominated Denver politics at the time. Nearly every 19th century election in Denver was clouded by charges that Chase had organized an army of voters out of riffraff, vagrants, prostitutes, barflies and gamblers. By the time of his death in 1921, Chase had come to be regarded as a respected real estate investor and capitalist. For more info, consult ''The City & The Saloon: Denver 1858-1918'' by Thomas J. Noel.

==Page 179==

'''different tempos and keys''' 
Cf 'anarchist miracle' in "Lot 49" (chapter 5).

==Page 180==

'''Valley Tan''' 
Mormon whiskey reported by Mark Twain. [http://historytogo.utah.gov/salt_lake_tribune/in_another_time/091795.html cite]

==Page 182==

'''P.E.T.N.''' 
Ingredient of Semtex, discovered 1891. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PETN Wikipedia]

==Page 185==

'''excursion''' 
Wilde's US lecture tour was in 1882.

==Page 186==

'''''grifa''''' 
Marijuana. [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Grifa cite]

'''Miss Colman-Smith is West Indian [tarot cards]'''

From Wikipedia: Pamela Colman Smith (1878—1951) was an artist, illustrator, and writer. She is best known for designing the Rider-Waite-Smith deck of tarot cards for Arthur Edward Waite. Smith was born in England, the daughter of an American merchant from Brooklyn, Charles Edward Smith and his Jamaican wife Corinne Colman. Due to her father’s job with the West India Improvement Company, the family often moved, spending time in London, Kingston, Jamaica and Brooklyn, New York.

Pynchon's interest in the tarot is evident in Gravity's Rainbow. Two tarot cards are referred to here -- The Hanged Man card can be seen at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rider-Waite. The Knight of Swords can be seen at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_arcana#Swords

The reference is an anachronism, as the deck wasn't published until 1909.

'''Perseid''' 
August (1900).

==Page 187==

'''hell of a blow-up . . . . maiden's sigh'''
Allusion to the testing of Trinity Bomb, the first explosion of an atomic weapon, which took place at White Sands, New Mexico on July 16, 1945. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_test Wikipedia].

==Page 188==

'''Galveston Hurricane''' 
An historical event (8th September 1900, 6000 dead).
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galveston_Hurricane_of_1900 [Wikipedia]]

==Page 192==

'''nearly twenty''' 
1883 + 19yo = 1902?

==Page 193==

'''Uncompahgre'''

A Plateau in Western Colorado, named after the Uncompahgre Ute Indian Tribe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncompahgre_%28disambiguation%29 [Wikipedia]]

'''three-dollar sack suit'''

That is, a suit one might buy at a store where one fills a sack with clothes and then pays three dollars for the lot.
A sack suit is an ordinary 19th-c. business suit which "evolved into the modern three piece suit."
[http://www.lahacal.org/gentleman/sack.html]

==Page 194==

'''Dallas Divide'''

Mountain Pass dividing the Uncompahgre Plateau from the San Juan Mountains. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas_Divide [Wikipedia]]

==Page 195==

'''Sloat Fresno'''

Possibly named for Commodore John D. Sloat, American naval officer who claimed California, then a territory of Mexico, as part of the United States on July 7, 1846. The text of the declaration can be found [http://www.dmwv.org/mexwar/documents/sloat.htm [here]]. Another source may be the Sloat Lumber Co. of Quincy, CA, which used an uncommon 30 gauge track, about which all I can find is [http://members.tripod.com/~Sloat_Lumber_Co/PROTOTYP.HTM [here]]. Fresno is presumably a reference to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno%2C_CA [city in California]], though its direct relation to either the Commodore or the Sloat Lumber Co. is unclear.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Sloat [Wikipedia Site on John D. Sloat]]

Sloat is another term for slat, a narrow piece of wood. Fresno is Spanish for ash.

'''Montrose'''

Montrose, CO. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose%2C_Colorado [Wikipedia]]

==Page 197==

'''coupling pin''' 
[http://www.clan-line.org.uk/html/overhaul_2005_pt2_15.html pic]

==Page 198==

'''The Light Over the Ranges''' 
Repeats the title of Part One and also suggests Tesla's 03 July 1899 'vision'. (The singular 'range' seems called for-- so why plural here?)

''' Jeshimon '''

Literally: "the waste", more specifically the wilderness of Judah in the Bible, near the Dead Sea. [http://www.christiananswers.net/dictionary/jeshimon.html christiananswers.net]. In the context of the following events, a contrast to the meaning of WASTE in "Lot 49"?

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 171-198

2006-12-25T14:48:07Z

Tommaso: /* Page 198 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 174==

'''"your own brother"''' 
Unabomber Ted Kaczynski was turned in by his brother. ("Kaczynski" means 'ducky' or 'duckman'. Did TRP hide this somewhere?)

==Page 176==
'''Tortoni's on Arapahoe''' 
Italian restaurant located in the 1500 block of Arapahoe Street in downtown Denver. [http://www.rootsweb.com/~codenver/miracle/104.htm Photo]

'''Gahan's saloon across the street from City Hall''' 
Saloon operated by William Gahan, a Denver City Councilman, and his brothers conveniently located at 1401 Larimer Street in Denver, across the street from City Hall. Gahan operated two other saloons, including one at 1133 Larimer Street, which he supposedly kept open on Sundays, harbored gambling, and sponsored a boys' baseball team that played for beer.

'''Ed Chase, the boss of the red-light district''' 
Edward "Big Ed" Chase (1838-1921) was a New Yorker from Saratoga Springs who became the leader of criminal activities in Denver from 1860 on, and as such was an influential and respected man. He ran saloons, gambling houses, bordellos, and theaters (specializing in "burlesque"), and served on the Denver City Council from 1866-1869. After that, he was a behind-the-scenes ward boss and power broker for the Republican party, which dominated Denver politics at the time. Nearly every 19th century election in Denver was clouded by charges that Chase had organized an army of voters out of riffraff, vagrants, prostitutes, barflies and gamblers. By the time of his death in 1921, Chase had come to be regarded as a respected real estate investor and capitalist. For more info, consult ''The City & The Saloon: Denver 1858-1918'' by Thomas J. Noel.

==Page 179==

'''different tempos and keys''' 
Cf 'anarchist miracle' in "Lot 49" (chapter 5).

==Page 180==

'''Valley Tan''' 
Mormon whiskey reported by Mark Twain. [http://historytogo.utah.gov/salt_lake_tribune/in_another_time/091795.html cite]

==Page 182==

'''P.E.T.N.''' 
Ingredient of Semtex, discovered 1891. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PETN Wikipedia]

==Page 185==

'''excursion''' 
Wilde's US lecture tour was in 1882.

==Page 186==

'''''grifa''''' 
Marijuana. [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Grifa cite]

'''Miss Colman-Smith is West Indian [tarot cards]'''

From Wikipedia: Pamela Colman Smith (1878—1951) was an artist, illustrator, and writer. She is best known for designing the Rider-Waite-Smith deck of tarot cards for Arthur Edward Waite. Smith was born in England, the daughter of an American merchant from Brooklyn, Charles Edward Smith and his Jamaican wife Corinne Colman. Due to her father’s job with the West India Improvement Company, the family often moved, spending time in London, Kingston, Jamaica and Brooklyn, New York.

Pynchon's interest in the tarot is evident in Gravity's Rainbow. Two tarot cards are referred to here -- The Hanged Man card can be seen at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rider-Waite. The Knight of Swords can be seen at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_arcana#Swords

The reference is an anachronism, as the deck wasn't published until 1909.

'''Perseid''' 
August (1900).

==Page 187==

'''hell of a blow-up . . . . maiden's sigh'''
Allusion to the testing of Trinity Bomb, the first explosion of an atomic weapon, which took place at White Sands, New Mexico on July 16, 1945. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_test Wikipedia].

==Page 188==

'''Galveston Hurricane''' 
An historical event (8th September 1900, 6000 dead).
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galveston_Hurricane_of_1900 [Wikipedia]]

==Page 192==

'''nearly twenty''' 
1883 + 19yo = 1902?

==Page 193==

'''Uncompahgre'''

A Plateau in Western Colorado, named after the Uncompahgre Ute Indian Tribe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncompahgre_%28disambiguation%29 [Wikipedia]]

'''three-dollar sack suit'''

That is, a suit one might buy at a store where one fills a sack with clothes and then pays three dollars for the lot.
A sack suit is an ordinary 19th-c. business suit which "evolved into the modern three piece suit."
[http://www.lahacal.org/gentleman/sack.html]

==Page 194==

'''Dallas Divide'''

Mountain Pass dividing the Uncompahgre Plateau from the San Juan Mountains. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas_Divide [Wikipedia]]

==Page 195==

'''Sloat Fresno'''

Possibly named for Commodore John D. Sloat, American naval officer who claimed California, then a territory of Mexico, as part of the United States on July 7, 1846. The text of the declaration can be found [http://www.dmwv.org/mexwar/documents/sloat.htm [here]]. Another source may be the Sloat Lumber Co. of Quincy, CA, which used an uncommon 30 gauge track, about which all I can find is [http://members.tripod.com/~Sloat_Lumber_Co/PROTOTYP.HTM [here]]. Fresno is presumably a reference to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno%2C_CA [city in California]], though its direct relation to either the Commodore or the Sloat Lumber Co. is unclear.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Sloat [Wikipedia Site on John D. Sloat]]

Sloat is another term for slat, a narrow piece of wood. Fresno is Spanish for ash.

'''Montrose'''

Montrose, CO. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose%2C_Colorado [Wikipedia]]

==Page 197==

'''coupling pin''' 
[http://www.clan-line.org.uk/html/overhaul_2005_pt2_15.html pic]

==Page 198==

'''The Light Over the Ranges''' 
Repeats the title of Part One and also suggests Tesla's 03 July 1899 'vision'. (The singular 'range' seems called for-- so why plural here?)

''' Jeshimon '''

Literally: "the waste", more specifically the wilderness of Judah in the Bible, near the Dead Sea. [http://www.christiananswers.net/dictionary/jeshimon.html christiananswers.net]. In the context of the following chapter, a contrast to the meaning of WASTE in "Lot 49"?

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 149-170

2006-12-23T11:34:15Z

Tommaso: /* Pages 154-155 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 149==

'''meteorite''' 
Cf ''Smilla's Sense of Snow'' by Peter Hoeg.

==Page 150==
'''the entangled carriages, wagons, and streetcars ... hitched to animals months dead and yet unremoved''' 
An anticipation of the scenes of destruction following the U.S. federal government's and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fema FEMA]'s botched relief efforts at the onset and aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans and the southeastern United States in August and September 2005.

'''Tammanoid creatures, able to deliver votes''' 
As in "Tammany Hall", the often corrupt political machine that played a role in New York City politics for nearly two centuries. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall Wikipedia entry].

==Page 151==

'''the Eskimo view''' 
But cf page 142, where the Eskimos are "eager" to help.

'''Panic fear... affecting pose''' 
Although there are hints in the previous pages, here is where the parallels with 9/11 become too clear to ignore. Pynchons' presenting 9/11 as a story of a meteor dug from the ice will no doubt fill pages of analysis soon. To start, though, Pynchon critiques post-9/11 opportunism ("many in the aftermath did profit briefly by... afecting that pose"). For a full, spoiler-filled discussion, see [[Against the Day and September 11]]

'''a cargo ship... in whose hold... kept in restraints... stirred a figure with supernatural powers'''
Also reminiscent of ''King Kong'', where the chained ape is transported by ship to New York.

==Page 152==

'''beautiful patterns''' 
Cf page 81.

==Page 153==

'''recent incorporation''' 
1898. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York#Borough Wikipedia]

==Pages 154-155==

'''I AM THE WAY INTO THE DOLEFUL CITY''' 
From the description of the gate to hell in Canto III in ''The Divine Comedy Volume I: Inferno'' by Dante Alighieri (1265-1321). Pynchon quotes from the modern translation by Mark Musa:

:"I AM THE WAY INTO THE DOLEFUL CITY,
:I AM THE WAY INTO ETERNAL GRIEF,
:I AM THE WAY TO A FORSAKEN RACE.

:JUSTICE IT WAS THAT MOVED MY GREAT CREATOR;
:DIVINE OMNIPOTENCE CREATED ME,
:AND HIGHEST WISDOM JOINED WITH PRIMAL LOVE.

:BEFORE ME NOTHING BUT ETERNAL THINGS
:WERE MADE, AND I SHALL LAST ETERNALLY.
:ABANDON EVERY HOPE, ALL YOU WHO ENTER."

Note that Pynchon echoes the word "race" on the previous page: "an embittered and amnesiac race".

'''From the Journals of Mr. Fleetwood Vibe...''' 
The short narrative spanning pp.138-155 bears some of the hallmarks characteristic of the fiction of H.P. Lovecraft: (1) a narrator (Fleetwood) who relates a series of horrible, cosmic events in the form of a memoir or journal entry; (2) a slumbering entity, or "visitor" (p149), mistaken for a more mundane object (meteorite, in this case), and; (3) the incapacity of humans to anticipate or respond to the foreignness of this cosmic vistior and its actions. Given that this horrible thing was retrieved from the Arctic, it is reminiscent of Lovecraft's "At the Mountains of Madness" (though, ''Antarctic'' in setting; 1931; [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/At_the_Mountains_of_Madness Wikisource text of the novella]) and, given the meteor-like form of this visitor, "The Colour out of Space" (1927; [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Colour_Out_of_Space Wikisource text of the story]).

In addition, the whole passage probably makes reference to several 1950s Sci-Fi movies, most importantly "The Thing from another world" (1951) by Christian Nyby (remade as "The Thing" by John Carpenter in 1982) in which scientists discover an alien and lethal lifeform under the ice of the arctic. The idea of the alien lifeform falling to earth and being mistaken for a meteorite at first is prominent in Jack Arnold's "It came from outer space" (1954), although the aliens in that case are benevolent rather than dangerous.

Hunter Penhallow's escape might be read as a happy ending getaway inversion of the claustrophobic opening sequence of Gravity's Rainbow, where nobody gets saved; "in this world brought low" echoes "the Light that hath brought the Towers low" on the final page of Gravity's Rainbow..."Light" may prefigure Against the Day's treatment of that subject, too.

The disorientation that Hunter experiences (city streets skewing, finding a mysterious groups of people) echoes Lew Basnight's encounter with Drave's group ([[ATD_26-56#Page_39|p39]]).

==Page 156==

'''rival school hues''' 
Yale: blue and white. Harvard: crimson white, and black.

'''"Mr. Rinehart"''' 
A Harvard rallying cry, supposedly dating to 1900. The original Rinehart obtained his law degree from Harvard in 1903. In 1900 Mr. Rinehart occupied a high room in Gray's Hall at Harvard. It was easier for his friends to call to him from the ground than to climb three flights of stairs when they wanted him to join them. They would stand at the corner of Gray's and shout, "Oh, Rinehart." Many another student was called in the same way, and no particular attention was paid. But one sweltering night, when students were grinding for final examinations, one of them heard the familiar "Oh, Rinehart" from below and reacted instantly. He tossed aside his book and echoed the cry into the Yard. Within a minute, the enclosure resounded with the phrase from side to side and end to end. Something about the sound and accent of the name appealed to the students and from then until the end of the session the cry was heard nightly throughout the Yard. [http://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0110b&L=ads-l&P=9765 source]

'''Tibetan prayer wheel principle''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_119-148#Page_130|page 130]], where the principle was used to transport oneself to the tropical locale of the ''¡Cuidado, Cabrón!'' hot sauce label.

==Page 157==

'''"crimson" is cognate with "worm"''' 
[http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/003873.html Largely true.] The American Heritage Dictionary gives the [http://www.bartleby.com/61/79/W0227900.html etymology for ''worm''] as "Middle English, from Old English ''wurm,'' variant of ''wyrm.''" The root ''wyrm'' in turn derives from the Indo-European base [http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE571.html wer-2], meaning to turn or bend. (Words descended from wer-2 include ''stalwart, weird, vertebra, wrath, wrong, wrestle, briar'' and ''rhapsody.'') The modern word ''crimson'' derives from Middle English ''cremesin,'' which (via one of several alternative pathways) comes from Arabic ''qirmizy,'' a word based on ''qirmiz,'' the kermes insect. This insect, which lives on the Kermes oak (''Quercus coccifera''), was an early source for red dye but fell out of favor after the introduction of [http://www.bell.lib.umn.edu/Products/cochinea.html cochineal]. The Arabic name for this insect probably stems from the Sanskrit ''kṛmi-ja-,'' referring to a red dye produced from worms. The ''-ja'' is from an Indo-European root ''*gene-,'' meaning "to produce" (whence, ultimately, our word "gene" and the ''-gen'' in chemical element names). The other component, ''kṛmi-,'' means "worm", and takes us back to Indo-European wer-2.

'''"no professional football"''' 
NFL founded 1902. [http://www.nfl.com/history/chronology/1869-1910 cite]

==Page 159==

'''meat lozenges''' 
Lightweight for hikers. "Brand's meat lozenges, which are about the size of a four-penny piece and a quarter of an inch thick" [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nzlscant/mountcook.htm cite]

==Page 160==

'''Dittany''' 
Greek herb symbolising love. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dittany_of_Crete Wikipedia]

==Page 161==

'''Elsie de Wolfe''' 
(1865-1950), American interior designer, hostess, and actress, best known for her innovative and anti-Victorian interiors. She is often credited with inventing the profession of interior decoration. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsie_De_Wolfe Wikipedia entry]

'''Roscoe Conkling''' 
(1829–1888) was a politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate.

'''Tubby the pig''' 
Pynchon thinks pigs are cool. For examples, the character Pig Bodine and the Porky Pig tattoo in ''Gravity's Rainbow''. Pynchon was allegedly notorious for carrying around a 6- to 7-inch yellow plastic pig ([http://www.theaesthetic.com/NewFiles/pynchon.html source]), and his room was allegedly decorated with pig toys around the 1960s, according to Jules Siegel's Playboy article on the writer.

==Page 162==

'''Sillery''' 
Wine from French commune. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sillery%2C_Marne Wikipedia]

==Page 164==

'''Logical paradoxes''' 
Fleetwood has presented Kit with a statement similar to the notorious liar paradox with "...you shouldn't trust anything I have to say about this family."
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liar_paradox Wikipedia] 
Whether the statement actually qualifies as a paradox is not immediately clear. Fleetwood is not just saying "you shouldn't trust anything I have to say," which is self referential in the manner of the liar paradox. He is specifically referring to some sentences he might utter "...about this family." Unless we are willing to interpret Fleetwood's sentence itself as being about his family, and not just some other sentences he might utter, it is not paradoxical. Fleetwood is a member of the family. His sentence makes a statement that casts doubt on what he might say about a member of the family. This statement by Fleetwood about what he might say can be (but arguably not "must be") interpreted, in a general sense, as a statement about his family (which includes himself). On that interpretation he is making a statement that denies that the statement itself can be trusted. 
There is a second way Fletwood's statement does not clearly show itself to be a paradox. Most variations on the liar paradox are statements that claim themselves to be false; this is different from a statement saying that it cannot be trusted. If something cannot be trusted, it might still be true.

==Page 166==

'''hair ropes''' 
Cowboy superstition: horsehair ropes kept snakes away.

'''"some peaceful expanse of rangeland"''' 
The use of the word "range" along with the previous page's description of heavenly light suggest some connection to the phrase, "the light over the range."

'''"stand your ground"''' 
Ellmann tells a similar story about Joyce's father facing charging riders in Phoenix Park.

==Page 167==

'''...it was a time honored principle to do nothing for free [...] Trust me. Buy Rand shares''' 
It is implied that Rand is a gold mining company (does anyone know if this is/was a real company?). Regardless, Yitzhak and Fleetwood are talking about South Africa. Although the ''rand'' is the currency of South Africa today, it was not in circulation intil 1961. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_pound source]) The famous Kruger''rand'' is a gold coin, but that was introduced in 1967. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krugerrand source]) The Witwaters''rand'' is the ridge upon which Johannesburg is built.

It is possible that Pynchon is also mocking the philosophy of Ayn Rand, which is often characterized as a defense of selfishness or strong individualism. Pynchon [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0277-335X(198201)47%3A1%3C62%3ALATWWO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W previously parodied] Ayn Rand and her Theory of Objectivism as "Mafia Winsome" and her "Theory of Heroic Love" in ''V.''
: It seems a stretch to interpret this as a reference to Ayn Rand, especially as these sound like historical facts: although the Australian gold rush began in the 1850s, the rich Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie fields of gold were found in the 1890s, apparently triggering later rushes. ([http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/goldrush/ source]) But perhaps... [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]] 17:59, 22 December 2006 (PST)

'''war going on''' 
The Second Boer War started 11 October 1899, between the British Empire and the two independent Boer republics of the Orange Free State and the South African Republic (Transvaal Republic). After a protracted hard-fought war, the two independent republics lost and were absorbed into the British Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War Wikipedia]

==Page 168==

'''Eastern Question''' 
Europe's concern with post-Ottoman Turkey. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Question Wikipedia]

'''"like Baku with giraffes"''' 
Gravity's Rainbow mentions Baku by name three times, according to the Pynchon Pages index (http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/gravity/alpha/b.html):

352; seaport capital of Azerbaydzhanskaya SSR, Soviet Union, on the west coast of the Caspian Sea; 353; Blobadjian "pursued through the black end of Baku by a passel of screaming Arabists" 354

After reading this section, and the oddly-separated text of Fleetwood's reverie about his pursuit of wealth in the Transvaal, and his murder of the Kaffir, the family name struck me, "Vibe" = "V" I be. Certainly this section brings back the African horror of "V."

==Page 169==

'''Massawa''' 
a port on the Red Sea coast of Eritrea. Important for many centuries, it has been colonised by Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, Italy, Britain... It became the capital of the Italian colony of Eritrea until this was moved to Asmara in 1900. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massawa Wikipedia entry]

'''Lourenço Marques''' 
Today known as Maputo, capital city of Mozambique. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maputo Wikipedia entry]

'''rotgut rejectamenta of Bucelas and Dão''' 
Rotgut= "poor-quality and potentially toxic alcoholic liquor." Rejectamenta= "things thrown out or away," so the reject wine. Bucelas, Portugal is a famous wine-growing region. Dão is a type of Portuguese wine.

'''eGoli''' 
Zulu name for Johannesburg.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 97-118

2006-12-11T22:14:18Z

Tommaso: /* Page 100 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 97==

'''the Rebellion''' 
What the North called the Civil War. [[ATD_57-80#Page_61|Another reference...]]

'''Tesla, Dr. Nikola''' (1856-1943) 
Tesla was a Serb-American inventor, engineer and physicist whose patents and theoretical work form the basis of modern alternating current electric power (AC) systems, radio, and a bunch of other stuff. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Wikipedia entry] Tesla researched in Colorado Springs from May 1899 - January 1900, a location he chose because of the frequent thunderstorms, the high altitude, and the dryness of the air. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#Colorado_Springs Wikipedia on Tesla at Colorado Springs].

Much of the the funding for his Colorado Springs laboratory came from Colonel John Jacob Astor. Tesla's friend and patent lawyer, Leonard E. Curtis, persuaded the El Paso Power Company to supply Tesla with all the electricity he wanted, free of charge. The arrangement ended the night Tesla's activities burned out the dynamo and the entire city lost power. [http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_colspr.html PBS: Tesla - Master of Lightning]

"Tesla logged in his diary on July 3, 1899 that a separate resonance transformer tuned to the same high frequency as a larger high-voltage resonance transformer would transceive energy from the larger coil, acting as a transmitter of wireless energy, which was used to confirm Tesla's patent for radio during later disputes in the courts. These air core high-frequency resonate coils were the predecessors of systems from radio to radar and medical magnetic resonance imaging devices." [http://www.crystalinks.com/tesla.html] This information was later used to confirm his patent for radio which he received posthumously in 1946, 3 years after his death. [http://www.resonanceresearch.com/nikola-tesla-coils-picture-colorado-1899-labratory.htm].

Pynchon confuses this 03 July 'vision', during a natural electrical storm, with later experimental generation of high voltages.

==Page 98==

'''engineering students... from Cornell, Yale''' 
Cornell is Pynchon's alma mater, where he initially studied engineering. [[Thomas Pynchon|Pynchon bio]]

'''Maxwell's Treatise''' 
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) was a Scottish mathematical physicist among the pioneers of electromagnetism. Pynchon made use of his theoretical "Maxwell's Demon" in ''The Crying of Lot 49''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell Wikipedia entry]

==Page 99==
'''So is altitude transformed, continuously, to light''' 
The potential energy of water at an altitude is realized when it falls, producing the flow of electricity required for the production of artificial light. 

'''Hamilton had experienced at Brougham Bridge''' 
William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865) was an Irish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer who made important contributions to the development of optics, dynamics, and algebra. His discovery of quaternions is perhaps his best known investigation. The discovery of quaternions reportedly occurred during a walk with his wife by the Royal Canal in Dublin. Upon having the inspiration for the formula, he promptly carved it into the bricks on the side of the canal. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton Wikipedia entry]

'''Pike's Peak or Bust!'''
The slogan of miners heading to Colorado during the Gold Rush of 1859.

==Page 100==

'''Mr. Merriwell, we really need this touchdown''' 
An allusion to the fictional character Frank Merriwell, an adventuresome student at Yale and football hero, he was created by the pulp fiction writer Gilbert Patten, who wrote under the pen name Burt L. Standish. The first story, "Frank Merriwell: or, First Days at Fardale" appeared in ''Tip Top Weekly'' on April 18, 1896. Merriwell went on to appear in comic books, radio programs, and dime novels. As the passage suggests, Merriwell constituted an idealized picture of the east coast, old money elite. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Merriwell Wikipedia Entry on Frank Merriwell]

'''Yale''' 
This possible deal with the devil that Kit makes to get into Yale recalls the evil pact made to get Tyrone Slothrop into Harvard in ''Gravity's Rainbow''.

'''Horsefeathers''' 
The title of a 1932 Marx Brothers film ("Horse Feathers"). Another possible indication for the promised Groucho Marx cameo. See also "ducksoup" (p.25)

'''Antietam''' 
1862.

'''substitute conscriptee''' 
The Enrollment Act of 1863 allowed draftees to pay $300 to a substitute who would serve for them. (See [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nygenese/purchase.jpg here] for an example substitution form.) J.P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Jay Gould, James Mellon and future president Grover Cleveland all hired substitutes. Within a year the price had gone up to $1,100, however. [http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1994/winter/civil-war-draft-records.html Civil War Draft Records: Exemptions and Enrollments]

==Page 101==

'''Minié ball''' 
Prior to the development of the minie ball, rifles were not used in combat due to the difficulty in loading. The ammunition used by rifles was the same diameter as the barrel in order for the bullet to engage the groves of the rifled barrel. As a result the ball had to be forced into the barrel. The minie ball, originally designed by Captain Claude-Etienne Minie of France and improved on by manufacturers in the United States, changed warfare. Since the minie ball was smaller than the diameter of the barrel, it could be loaded quickly by dropping the bullet down the barrel. This conical lead bullet had two or three grooves and a conical cavity in its base. The gases, formed by the burning of powder once the firearm was fired, expanded the base of the bullet so that it engaged the rifling in the barrel. Thus, rifles could be loaded quickly and yet fired accurately; 620; [http://www.civilwar.si.edu/weapons_minieball.html From the Smithsonian website]

'''"far, far away"''' 
A nod to the opening lines of ''Star Wars''? “A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away..."

'''physical well-being''' 
The dichotomy of bodily and spiritual well-being appears in the [[The World is at Fault]] letter that Pynchon wrote in the early 60s.

'''"if it exists"''' 
Assuming this is c1882, when the Standard Oil Trust was formed, it was already well-known.

==Page 102==
'''ten gallons of coffee''' 
Major caffeine abuse also figured in to ''Mason & Dixon''.

'''''"Izvinite... Hvala"''''' 
'Excuse me'... 'Thank you' in Croatian. [http://www.bugeurope.com/essentials/croatian.html [cite]]

==Page 104==

'''"Tithing," Tesla said, "giving back to the day."''' Tesla's contempt for this tithing positions him as--wait for it--against the day.

==Page 107==

Since this is 1899, the Chums should be six years older than they were in Chicago.

'''Tesla device''' 
A radio. He received a patent for the radio after his death. The transmissions of July 3, 1899 (see Page 97, above) were used as evidence that he should be granted the patent.

'''Indian Ocean islands of Amsterdam and St.Paul''' 
The islands are notable in this context as being directly antipodal Colorado, site of the action concerning the Traverse family in the preceding section.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul Wikipedia article on St. Paul Island]

==Page 108==

'''''Megaera''''' 
One of the Greek Furies. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaera [Wikipedia]]

==Page 109==

'''blindness at the heart of a diamond''' 
This enigmatic imagery is reflected (no pun intended) in a few references: 

"where the light came down sifted through so many emerald screens that it was as flawless as the heart of a diamond. " (''Anne of Green Gables'', Chapt. 15, by Lucy Maud Montgomery) 

"It was a singularly sharp night, and clear as the heart of a diamond."'' A Story that is Untrue'' by Ambrose Bierce 

==Page 110==

'''Clarendons'''

Clarendon is a serif typeface created in 1845 that was often used for wanted posters in the Old West. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarendon_%28typeface%29 Wikipedia entry, with a sample]

==Page 113==

'''X.O.''' 
In many militaries' units, the executive officer (XO) is the second-in-command, reporting to the commanding officer (CO).

'''"contamination by the secular"''' 
Secular can be defined as "denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis." As the Chums have so far not been overtly religious, perhaps they mean secular in the spiritual sense?

'''Gloymbroognitz thidfusp''' 
?

'''Surabaya''' 
Today in Indonesia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surabaya Wikipedia entry]

==Page 114==

'''Nernst lamps''' An early incandescent lamp invented by Hermann Nernst (1864-1941), which made use of a heated ceramic rod to produce light in ambient air (in contrast to Edison's incandescent, which required a vacuum to operate).

'''Dr. Mikimoto (Kokichi)''' Produced the first cultured pearl in 1893 in Toba, Japan. As he left school at 13 to help support his family, any Doctorate he may have obtained must have been honorary.

'''Iceland Spar''' 
See this handy "About Geology" page [http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blcalcite.htm], with an illustration demonstrating a spar's double-refraction effect on printed letters--remarkably like that on the cover of ATD! This kind of calcite has rhombohedral cleavage, because each of its faces is a rhombus, a warped rectangle in which none of the corners are square. A "spar" would be not the whole calcite crystal, but a cleavage fragment. Is each of the rectangular pages of ATD then a warped cleavage from some sort of crystalline whole, refracting its text in several directions at once? Of course, to the Chums the text message they receive from Upper Hierarchy has but one simple meaning. "Paramorphism" = the structural alteration of a mineral without any change in its chemical composition.

'''Etienne-Louis Malus''' 
1775-1812, a French officer and mathematician whose work was predominantly concerned with light. He studied ray systems, and his theory on polarisation was published in 1809. His theory of the double refraction of light in crystals was published in 1810. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etienne-Louis_Malus Wikipedia] Malus is also the genus of the apple. Malus is best known for his law describing intensity of light as it passes through polarized materials. There are delicious metaphorical implications for any reader of a Pynchon novel.

==Page 115==
'''Kepler'''

'''Edmond Halley''' 
1656-1742, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Halley Halley] was an English physical scientist most remembered for the comet he which he predicted would return. In 1692 he proposed that the earth was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_Earth hollow]. In 1698 he departed on a two year voyage as captain of the HMS Paramore in order to measure variations in the Earth's magnetic field. In 1716 he suggested timing the transit of Venus to determine the distance between the earth and the sun.

'''(Leonhard) Euler''' 
The method of traverse (pun ignored) by which the Chums proceed became known as a Symmes' Hole after John Cleeves Symmes who, in 1818 circulated a pamphlet arguing for the existence of such holes in the polar regions and further volunteered to lead an expedition to said regions.

Symmes' following lecture tours were further carried forth by one J.N. Reynolds. "[Edgar Allen] Poe is said to have repeatedly called out the name "Reynolds" on the night before his death, though no one has ever been able to identify the person to whom he referred." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_allen_poe Edgar Allen Poe's] first published short story, "Ms. Found in a Bottle" (1833) took, as its premise, the existence of Symmes' Holes: theoretical holes in the polar areas which led to a hollow interior.

==Page 116==

'''vatic''' 
Prophetic. [http://dictionary.reference.com/wordoftheday/archive/2004/10/21.html [def]]

==Page 117==
'''royal court of Chthonica''' 
The adjective ''chthonic'' means "of the earth" or "of the underworld" and is often used to refer to the gods and other entities residing under the surface of the earth. The adjective is used creatively, and most famously, in the fictional works of H.P. Lovecraft ... a chief deity of his ficitional universe being Cthulhu.

'''Plutonia''' 
As above, a reference to the underworld and its inherent connotations of underground voyage, from the Aeneid to Christ to Dante to Tarzan, et al. The "Plutonist" movement, as opposed to the "Neptunist", was quite in vogue in the late 1800s, being a theory of geography which held that the interior heat of the earth was somehow responsible for various geological processes.

'''Tunbridge Wells''' 
[http://www.icons.org.uk/nom/nominations/disgusted-of-tunbridge-wells "Disgusted of Tunbridge Wells"] is an archetypal figure of conservative England whose correspondence can be found frequently in newspapers railing at the latest outrages of modernity. Tunbridge Wells briefly features in Gravity's Rainbow.

'''my harmless little intraterrestrial scherzo''' 
Once again, the unseen narrator appears. By inference, the narrator is also the author of the various ''Chums of Chance...'' books referenced in ATD. This episode's also a little ''inter-textual'' scherzo: Poe (''Arthur Gordon Pym''), Jules Verne, Edgar Rice Burroughs and Pelucidar, ''Star Trek'', Indiana Jones and the Hollow Earth... and Jeremiah Dixon's own underground journey in M&D. Doesn't Chick Counterfly sound rather Spockian here (cf. 115, bottom)?

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}