ATD 1063-1085

2007-07-17T09:47:27Z

Sonni: /* Page 1073 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
[http://www.blockbuster.com/catalog/movieDetails/82185 ''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu] was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase. 
He's also the producer of such highbrow fare as African Antics, Shanghai Scampers and Roguish Redheads.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry? 
Fascism is the unity of government and industry, or big business - clearly a consistent theme in ATD. 
Granted on a theme of ATD, but Fascism is, historically and conceptually,
more--far worse-- than the unity of government and industry. 
True. I should have said it's "a key element." Interesting reading at Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_fascism Definitions of fascism]. I tend to think we're heading that way ourselves. But then, George Orwell's comment is valid, too. 
''Vineland'', that homage inspired by ''1984'' has three major, overt instances of the Government [A fictional Reagan America] pre-emptively destroying our basic civil rights. Not to mention the thrust of the whole
novel, perhaps only now, 2007, revealing its prescience to we readers.[[User:MKOHUT|MKOHUT]] 12:53, 17 June 2007 (PDT)

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD. 
A reference to Fascist insignia.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an [[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day| — a minor theme of ''AtD''.]]

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic], existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919—long enough to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg adopt a flag].

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''the man in the tarboosh''' 
So Lord Overlunch has been a secret operator in all this? He is apparently an agent of Shamballa.

'''the Ferrary sale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_von_Ferrary Philipp von Ferrary] was a legendary stamp collector. Wishing to make his unequaled collection accessible to the public, on January 30, 1915 he willed it to the Postmuseum in Berlin, along with funds for maintenance, 30,000 guldens. But as a citizen of Austria living in France, World War I put him at risk. Leaving his several hundred albums in the Austrian embassy, he fled to Switzerland in 1917. He died soon after, and so did not see the dismantling of his life's work after the war. The French government confiscated Ferrary's collection, claiming it as a war reparation. The massive assemblage was auctioned off between 1921 and 1926, in 14 separate sales, realizing some 30 million francs. Many of the rare stamps of today proudly bear an "ex-Ferrary" in their provenance.

'''Swedish three-skilling yellow''' 
A valuable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_Skilling_Yellow stamp] because it was issued printed on yellow colored paper (which was for the eight-skilling stamp) instead of the customary green.

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls, with the music provided by an accordion band. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_864-891#Page_891 page 891]

'''Garçons de '71''' 
Interesting [http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/military_balloons_in_Europe/LTA4G2.htm note and pic] here.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''Puisieulx''' 
One of the 17 Grand Cru (highest level of classification) of Champagne.

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-07-17T09:45:59Z

Sonni: /* Page 1071 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
[http://www.blockbuster.com/catalog/movieDetails/82185 ''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu] was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase. 
He's also the producer of such highbrow fare as African Antics, Shanghai Scampers and Roguish Redheads.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry? 
Fascism is the unity of government and industry, or big business - clearly a consistent theme in ATD. 
Granted on a theme of ATD, but Fascism is, historically and conceptually,
more--far worse-- than the unity of government and industry. 
True. I should have said it's "a key element." Interesting reading at Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_fascism Definitions of fascism]. I tend to think we're heading that way ourselves. But then, George Orwell's comment is valid, too. 
''Vineland'', that homage inspired by ''1984'' has three major, overt instances of the Government [A fictional Reagan America] pre-emptively destroying our basic civil rights. Not to mention the thrust of the whole
novel, perhaps only now, 2007, revealing its prescience to we readers.[[User:MKOHUT|MKOHUT]] 12:53, 17 June 2007 (PDT)

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD. 
A reference to Fascist insignia.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an [[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day| — a minor theme of ''AtD''.]]

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic], existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919—long enough to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg adopt a flag].

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''the man in the tarboosh''' 
So Lord Overlunch has been a secret operator in all this? He is apparently an agent of Shamballa.

'''the Ferrary sale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_von_Ferrary Philipp von Ferrary] was a legendary stamp collector. Wishing to make his unequaled collection accessible to the public, on January 30, 1915 he willed it to the Postmuseum in Berlin, along with funds for maintenance, 30,000 guldens. But as a citizen of Austria living in France, World War I put him at risk. Leaving his several hundred albums in the Austrian embassy, he fled to Switzerland in 1917. He died soon after, and so did not see the dismantling of his life's work after the war. The French government confiscated Ferrary's collection, claiming it as a war reparation. The massive assemblage was auctioned off between 1921 and 1926, in 14 separate sales, realizing some 30 million francs. Many of the rare stamps of today proudly bear an "ex-Ferrary" in their provenance.

'''Swedish three-skilling yellow''' 
A valuable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_Skilling_Yellow stamp] because it was issued printed on yellow colored paper (which was for the eight-skilling stamp) instead of the customary green.

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls, with the music provided by an accordion band. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_864-891#Page_891 page 891]

'''Garçons de '71''' 
Interesting [http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/military_balloons_in_Europe/LTA4G2.htm note and pic] here.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''Puisieulx''' 
One of the 17 Grand Cru (highest level of classification) of Champagne.

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 864-891

2007-07-17T09:33:58Z

Sonni: /* Page 882 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 864==

'''''galleggianti''''' 
Boathouses.

'''''traghetto''''' 
ferry-boat.

==Page 865==

'''cicerone''' 
Guide, especially for a single woman.

'''''Inglesi''''' 
Italian: Englishmen.

==Page 866==

'''Gorblimey''' 
Representing a Cockney pronunciation of "God blind me!"; in medieval times, people would curse using contractions rather than breaking the third commandment (Do not use the Lord's name in vain oaths). Compare strewth, zounds, 'sblood. -- Wiktionary

'''Jenny Invert''' 
This is not her first occurrence. Part of the printing of 1918 24-cent airmail stamps showed an inverted image of a Curtis JN-4 Jenny airplane. [http://www.afa.org/magazine/1990/0790jenny.asp It's a famous and valuable stamp.] 
Another female character named after a stamp is "Penny Black"

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Nether Wallop, Hants''' 
Hants: customary shortening of Hampshire. 
NETHER WALLOP, a parish in the hundred of Thorngate, county Hants, 7 miles S.W. of Andover, and 3½ N.W. of Stockbridge, its post town. The parish is situated under Danebury Hill, on which are remains of a fortification with ramparts, strengthened on the western side by an outwork, and supposed to have been formed by Canute the Great. The surface is hilly and the soil chalky. The living is a vicarage* in the diocese of Winchester, value £350. The church, dedicated to St. Andrew, contains several old monuments and two brasses-one of an abbess, bearing date 1432, and the other of a mitred abbot. Gazeteer of Ireland and Great Britain. 
Great Pynchonian name.

'''Inanimate Bird Association''' 
Concerned with clay pigeons, i.e., trapshooting.

'''rather shirty''' 

Shirty: angry, irritated, huffy, stroppy.
Maybe from "Keep your shirt on!" (Don't get angry!)

'''the key also changes day to day''' 
A code depending upon changes in the starting point for shifts in the text (e.g a book with a different starting page depending on the date, groups of letters that change starting with a different letter every day)is considered unbreakable unless one knows the starting point, called the Key.

'''''Oca ti jebem''''' 
Macedonian: I fuck your father.

'''Giles Piprake''' 
Is he aping Chico Marx? 
A small rake with women? See his remark about Ratty's wife. The joke here is that if Ratty's wife did complain, that would be a problem Piprake couldn't sort out. 
No, G.P.'s comeback is a joke in the "That's what ''she'' said" genre. 
Lots of definitions for [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pip pip], take your pick. Breaking through a shell (shell being a metaphor for a problem barrier in this case) seems as appropriate as any. Lots of definitions for [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/rake rake], too. 
A ''pipkrake'' is a narrow spike of ice that grows upward from a body of groundwater in freezing weather, carrying a portion of soil on its top surface. [http://epod.usra.edu/archive/epodviewer.php3?oid=336192 Here] are a photo and discussion; note that the caption has the misspelling ''piprake''!

==Page 867==

'''remember not to wear yellow''' 
Cyprian thinks he was seen hiding because he was wearing yellow?
Conjecture: Austro-Hungary's colors were yellow and black. So yellow not only draws the eye, but he might also be taken for an Austrian in Venice incurring Italian mob wrath or perhaps Theign's attention.

'''''valletto''''' 
Italian: valet, attendant.

'''''heliotrope''''' 
A moderate, light, or brilliant violet to moderate or deep reddish purple.

'''''Facciam' il porco''''' 
We (the Prince and valletto) are playing the sexual pervert. Literally, we are doing the pig, but porco is Italian slang for sexual pervert.

'''''Il mio ragazzo è molto geloso''''' 
Italian: My little guy is very jealous.

'''''Qualsiasi, Ciprianino''''' 
Italian: Whatever you want (you want is implied), little Cyprian.

'''The Iron Gateway''' 
an imaginary internal 'Symbolist' artwork embodying vivid hallucinatory visions within ATD? 
Also a real structure:
Iron Gateway & Draghut Mosque, Tripoli Medina
Iron Gateway, Tripoli Medina
Iron Gateway & Draghut Mosque, Tripoli Medina

-- Is this a reference to the Portal, p.154?

'''Carlo Zen furniture''' 
Designed by Carlo Zen (Italian, 1851-1918)
Among the more prolific designers and cabinet-makers of the period was the firm of Carlo Zen. Some of his decorations suggest the strong influence of continental symbolism, while other objects reveal a keen awareness of geometric simplification.

'''Galileo Chini''' 
Galileo CHINI , famous italian painter and ceramist, was born in Florence on December 2nd 1873 and died on August 23rd 1956.
In 1896, he funded "The Art of Ceramics" (later called "Factory Fornaci S.Lorenzo). He introduced the Liberty style in Italy.
As a painter he took part at the"Biennale di Venezia" from 1901 till 1936.
In 1911 he was in Bangkok to decorate Siam King's palace.
He remained there till 1913: it was a triumph! Back in Italy, he taught at the "Accademia di Belle Arti"in Florence. Some of his beautiful works of Art can be found at the Modern Art Gallery in Rome, at the Uffizi in Florence and at the Modern Art Gallery in Palazzo Pitti.

'''Bugatti''' 
Carlo Bugatti (1856-1940), world-famous furniture designer from Milan.

==Page 868==

'''''corno''''' 
The "horned" cap worn by Doges of Venice. An example comes from a Bellini portrait of a doge at [http://www.prints.co.nz/page/fine-art/PROD/Renaissance_Art_Prints/7211].

'''''lo stato''''' 
Italian: the state.

'''penance....imbalance in Nature.''' 
incredible thematic paragraph that relates to revenge motif?

- seems also to refer to the idea of Karma and karmic penance. Only if you make up for the deeds done in this or in an earlier life, the karmic account will be balanced (i.e. 'Nature' in the sense of the whole cosmos).

==Page 869==

'''''salizzada''''' 
Salizzada once meant a paved street, implying that all other, less important calles were once just dirt-packed alleyways.From a Venice Guidebook.

==Page 870==

'''Not by a long chalk''' 
This mainly British expression means “not by any means”, “not at all” and often turns up in conventional expressions such as they weren’t beaten yet, not by a long chalk.
It goes back to the days in which a count or score of almost any kind was marked up on a convenient surface using chalk. At a pub or ale house this might be a note of the amount of credit you had been given (often called the chalk in the early nineteenth century), which Charles Dickens refers to in Great Expectations: “There was a bar at the Jolly Bargemen, with some alarmingly long chalk scores in it on the wall at the side of the door, which seemed to me to be never paid off.”-- Yahoo answers.

'''gibanica''' 
Croatian: a rolled pastry filled with cheese or fruit.

'''kadulja''' 
Croatian, literally: garden sage.

'''coastal Čakavština''' 
Speech of a region in coastal Croatia.

==Page 871==

'''''bàcari''''' 
Venetian wine bars

'''formulæ''' 
Spells. The plural of formula, an established form of words or symbols for use in a ceremony or procedure.

==Page 872==

'''''Altezza''''' 
Italian: Highness.

==Page 873==

'''Montepulciano''' 
A red wine, considered among Italy's best, from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montepulciano Montepulciano].

'''the Ponte degli Scalzi''' 
Cf [[ATD_724-747#Page_746|page 746: the Ponte degli Scalzi]].

==Page 874==

'''11 mm Montenegrin Gasser''' 
A hinged-framed 11.3 mm calibre revolver

'''... to leave some mark of imbalance''' 
Refer back to p.868: "... there is an imbalance in Nature."

'''San Stae''' 
In Santa Croce district.

==Page 875==

==Page 876==

'''gentleman ops''' 
A tradition in thrillers. Bulldog Drummond and Tommy Hambledon are just two in the crowd.

'''dittoes''' 
"A suit of dittoes" is an outfit of coat, vest (waistcoat) and trousers from the same fabric.

'''Wrong sod, I'm afraid''' 
Not Oscar Wilde, i.e. not a Dandy

'''religious surrender of the self''' 
See P. 836, and note. Suggests Cyprian's masochism is a form of self-transcendence; transgression as transcendence. He has indeed demonstrated his ability to lose all desire...

==Page 877==

'''...what were the chances of finding anyone seeking to transcend that, and not even particularly aware of it?''' 
Passing beyond the self, passing beyond desire (and without fanfare), Cyprtian's very Buddhist quest, is perceived only as masochistic in the Western materialist view.

==Page 878==

'''''brisance''''' 
A French word now fully adopted in English. In the context of explosives it means "shattering power." In English it means the shattering or crushing effect of a sudden release of energy as in an explosion.

'''undissembled''' 
Synonyms: open-hearted, honest, plain, artless, guileless, ingenuous, innocent, natural, sincere, transparent, unconcealed, undisguised, unvarnished. Antonyms: devious, secretive, two-faced, evasive.

'''Wigan''' 
A town near Manchester, England, (with a professional soccer team, Wigan Atheletic).

'''the Earl's Court Wheel''' 
[http://www.shadyoldlady.com/location.php?loc=492 The Great Wheel] of a height of 300 ft built at the Earls Court exhibition grounds, London. It was modelled on the original one in Chicago. It was opend on July 6, 1895 for the "Empire of India Exhibition" and stayed in service until 1906. It was dismantled in 1907.

'''reversals of power''' 
Reversals of sexual power positions parallel Alernating Current. If DC is "direct" i.e. in one direction only, and AC is "alternating" current, a current of periodical reversals, perhaps all this talk of transcending sexual norms and role reversals is a social/sexual counterpoint to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Currents Current Wars]fought between Edison and Tesla. After much heated contention, Tesla and AC won, enormously extending the range and safety of power distribution (electrical, economic, sexual, social) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering].Seen in the light of electrical circuitry, Anarchist explosions are expressions of power imbalance, every detonation another circuit blown. 
Electrical engineering terms take on new significance in AtD: twisted pair, induction coupling, Q inductors, three-phase generation, loads, triangle wave, square wave, etc. Interestingly, the wiki commentary on the War of the Currents states that "AC cannot really be understood or exploited without a substantial mathematical and mathematical physics orientation, which Tesla had" -- as did Yashmeen -- at whose feet these power reversals were but the "outskirts" (an interesting double entendre in outskirts). That Yashmeen is central to all this sexual power transformation, generation, distribution, alternating style as well as being a human mental radio (clairvoyance) -- she becomes an embodiment of both Henry Adams' dynamo and Virgin -- in one! A duality in singularity. She is the mother/whore of the electrical world.

==Page 879==

'''the least ''clairvoyante''''' 
The (woman) friend least able to exercise occult powers such as seeing the future.

'''Carnevale''' 
Italian: Carnival. The Italian word [http://italianfood.about.com/library/rec/blr0149.htm ''Carnevale''] derives from ''Carne Levare'' — Remove Meat — the name of the sumptuous dinner people would hold the night before Ash Wednesday, which marks the beginning of Lent. In the past, things were especially intense in Venice, where debauched revels went on for weeks.

==Page 880==

'''Carnesalve''' 
If Carnevale means "goodbye to meat" (beginning of the Lenten fast), Carnesalve means "hello there, meat!"

'''San Servolo''' 
Island in the Venetian Lagoon, to the southeast of San Giorgio Maggiore, from 18th century until 1978 site of the Venetian psychiatric hospital. Since 1978, site of the "Istituto per le Ricerche e gli Studi sull´Emarginazione Sociale e Culturale" (Institute for the Study of Social and Cultural Marginalization) to preserve the documents associated with the history of the psychiatric hostpital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo].

'''Signori di Notte''' 
Italian: night lords.

==Page 881==

'''...framed by Signor Fabrizio's re-imagining of Yashmeen's hair...''' 
Saved from when he cut it off? On P. 860, she says he may "do whatever he want(s) with it.

'''Parma violets''' 
A delicate variety of the flower produced in the Italian city. The blossoms are sometimes sold candied, too.

'''loggie''' 
Plural of ''loggia.'' Italian: theater box or similar feature in a formal room.

==Page 882==

'''''amoretti''''' 
Italian: "Cupids" used as space fillers or decorative elements.

'''''tesoro''''' 
Italian: treasure.

'''Quickly now ....''' 
The conception described here is technically immaculate: Reef fulfills the role of the Father, Yashmeen that of Mary, and Cyprian that of the Holy Ghost. 

Or is this a human instance of three phase generation? 

'''''fellatrice''''' 
Or: fellatrix , a female who performs oral-genital-sex on the penis. Quote: Woody Allen to Miro Sorvino in Mighty Aphrodite (1995): ' I'm sure that you're a state-of-the-art fellatrix .' The etymology of fellatrice and fellatrix is the same as that of fellatio: from Latin, fellare (to suck). These words are used in English, French and Italian.
(denoting Cyprian's role, not his physiology).
 ''in fact, the word is not used in italian at all.''

==Page 883==

'''Ascension Day''' 
The fortieth day after Easter Sunday (which is always a Thursday), commemorating the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension Ascension] of Christ into heaven, according to Mark 16:19, Luke 24:51, and Acts 1:2.

==Page 884==

==Page 885==

'''outmoded sexual protocols''' 
Again, transgression = transcendence. Of course, also parallels struggl;es over acceptance of homosexuality in our times.

'''nasal intrusion''' 
Sticking one's nose into something.

'''''chavalitos''''' 
Spanish: kids.

==Page 886==

'''Grand Army of the Matrimonial Republic''' 
The Grand Army of the Republic comprised Union veterans of the American Civil War. Its heyday came around 1890-1910.

==Page 887==

'''endlessless''' 
A typo for endlessness.

==Page 887-888==
'''[T]he dream came and found him...''' 
Reef's contribution to the hallucination/dream motif previously referenced in the Traverse sections of the novel. The color yellow seems to be significant here and elsewhere, especially coded to Webb Traverse. [More forthcoming]

<blockquote>
          In the dream they were no longer in the ghostly canyons of the McElmo but in the city, not Venice but noplace American either, with an umappable operational endlessless (sic) to its streets, the same ancient, disquieting pictures engraved on its walls as back in the McElmo, spelling out a story whose pitiless truth couldn't be admitted officially by the authorities here because of the danger to the public sanity.... It was darker out here than he had any idea of. In the distance Reef caught sight of a procession of miners in their long rubber coats, only one of them, about halfway along, with the candle stub in his hat lit. Like postulants in habits, they proceeded single file down a narrow street like a humid drift lit back or front by a yellow lamp. As Reef came closer he saw the bearer of the light was Webb. 
        "Small victories," Webb greeted him. "Just to come away with one or two. To praise and to honor the small victories where and however they happen." 
        "Hasn't been too many of them lately, Pa," Reef tried to say. 
        "Not talking about yours, you numbskull." 
        Understanding that this was Webb's attempt to pass on another message, like up the séance in the Alps, Reef saw just for one lucid instant that this was the precise intelligence he needed to get him back to where he had wandered off the trail, so long ago. And then he was awake and trying to remember why it was important.</blockquote>

[[User:Bean|remy]] 13:15, 28 December 2006 (PST)

endlessless: typo for endlessness

pictures engraved on the walls: the Puebloan pictograms

'''Garfagnana''' 
Historical region of Italy, today part of the province of Lucca in the Apennines, in northwest Tuscany, but before the unification of Italy it belonged to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, ruled by the Este family. For a short time, in the 16th century, it was governed by the poet Ludovico Ariosto [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfagnana].

'''Bagni di Lucca''' 
Note the similarity in name to Banjaluka (or Banja Luka), Bosnia or actually Republika Srpska , mentioned on page 834. Another bilocation, like Kara Tagh and Montenegro ([[ATD_748-767#Page_764|annotations, page 764]]).

Might also add: Novi Pazar = Novi Bazar = Newmarket.

'''homeopathic principle''' 
Like cures like. To alleviate an allergy, according to homeopathic doctrine, administer the allergen in an exceedingly dilute form.

==Page 889==

'''Say surly topple''' 
You can't help thinking Reef does this on purpose (or Pynchon :-). French ''C'est sur la table'': It's on the table.

'''pasta asciutta''' 
Pasta dish with potatoes and green beans. Actually ''pasta asciutta'' refers to any kind of ''pasta''. Actually, pasta asciutta refers to any kind of packaged dry (asciutta translates as dry) pasta (as opposed to made from [http://www.cooks.com/rec/view/0,1635,144190-254199,00.html scratch]) and apparently when Reef boiled it, it "was always overdone." There are also lots of regional recipes with pasta asciutta as part of the name of the recipe, e. g., pasta asciutta alla bolognese, or pasta asciutta alla siciliana.

'''pasta fazool''' 
Officially ''pasta e fagioli;'' "fazool" imitates the pronunciation in a regional dialect of Italian. A hearty soup consisting of pasta, any one of a variety of beans (borlotti (cranberry) beans, kidney beans, cannellini beans, ...), and optionally some meat.

==Page 890==

'''''al dente''''' 
Italian, cooked so as to be firm when eaten; literally: to the tooth or to the bite, referring to the need to chew the pasta due to its firmness.

'''Barcelona''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragic_Week Tragic Week] (in Catalan la Setmana Tràgica, in Spanish la Semana Trágica) (July 25-August 2, 1909) is the name used for a series of bloody confrontations between the army and the working classes of Barcelona and other cities of Catalonia, backed by the anarchists, communists and republicans, during the last week of July 1909. It was caused by the calling-up of reserve troops by Prime Minister Antonio Maura to be sent as reinforcements when Spain renewed military-colonial activity in Morocco on July 9. There would be risings again in 1917, and Barcelona was among the last strongholds of the Spanish Republic in the Civil War of 1936-39; even during the Civil war, anarchists and Communists fought in the streets (see Orwell's ''Homage to Catalonia'' for a participant account. In 1972 anarchist grafiti could still be found in the Old City). But in 1909, indeed, much worse was to come.

'''''línea del fuego''''' 
Spanish: line of (the) fire. This may be a naive translation of "firing line" or "line of fire" (note the satisfying ambiguity); ''línea de tiro'' seems to be preferred.

'''...''absence of desire''--why one might choose ''not to embrace'' what the world judges, it often seemed unanimously, to lie clearly in one's interest.''' 
Cyprian is becoming aware of his interest in divesting himself of desire. Yashmeen in the following sentences notes this change that took place in him in Bosnia; he notes how difficult renouncing his desire for her will be, and she that this is not the real meaning.

==Page 891==

'''Biarritz''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biarritz Biarritz], located about 11 miles from the border with Spain, is a town by the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast, in southwestern France.

'''''bal musette''''' 
French: dance hall (bal), with the music provided by an accordion band. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal-musette Bal-musette] is a style of French popular music presumably played at these dance halls.

'''in some auxiliary sense . . . his own''' 
Review details of the encounter at Carnesalve (page 881).

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 849-863

2007-07-17T09:30:23Z

Sonni: /* Page 860 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 849==

'''pineapple Marquises''' 
???

'''''trois-six'' chasers''' 
French: three-six. Schnapps from Normandy, sometimes legal, sometimes not. Three measures of alcohol to six measures of water.

'''flâneur''' 
French: man-about-town.

'''''compaňero''''' 
friend.

'''go-devil squibs . . . oil-well torpedos''' 
Explosive charges set off inside a well in order to clear plugging of the formation that interferes with oil flow.

'''''Buen hombre''''' 
Spanish: good man.

'''all ready to explode''' 
The 1908 Mexican revolution.

'''''¡Seguro, ése!''''' 
Spanish: for sure!

==Page 850==

'''Limpia''' 
Port de Limpia, Nice, France.

'''L'Espagnol Clignant''' 
French: The Blinking Spaniard.

'''''mi hijo''''' 
Spanish: my son.

==Page 851==

'''heliograph''' 
Communication device that reflects sunlight to form a beam, then interrupts the beam to generate a binary signal in Morse or other code.

'''''gregaou''''' 
The north-east or Gregaou (Greek) wind of Nice, which is happily rare, since it brings storms of hail and even snow in winter. 
Other winds of Nice: the most frequent is the east wind, which is especially formidable during autumn. The south-west wind (called Libeccio, or wind of Lybia) is moist and warm. The mistral (from the north-west) and the tramontane (from the north) are generally stopped by the mountains; but when they do reach the city they raise intolerable dust-storms.

'''''bandoleros''''' 
Spanish, literally: bandoleer wearers. Bandits, partisans.

'''Professeur Pivoine''' 
French: Professor Peony.

==Page 852==

==Page 853==

'''''Zeugnisbüchlein''''' 
German: student's pocket report book. Such a book serves as a transcript for university students.

'''Old Slavonic script''' 
Glagolitic writing; [[ATD_243-272#Page_252|see the excellent annotation to page 252.]]

'''breaches in the Creation''' 
Thematic. Amazing list follows.

==Page 854==

'''the Malibran''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_355|page 355: Teatro Malibran]].

'''the film shot here not long ago''' 
This is an actual film. "Panorama du Grand Canal pris d'un bateau" is available on the DVD The Lumiere Bros. First Films distributed by Kino Video.

'''the image had entered the Arsenale''' 
??? 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_Arsenal The Arsenale] is a shipyard and naval depot in Venice. It occupies a big area of the Castello district and is one of the most important areas of Venice. From [http://www.cheapvenice.com/map-arsenale-venezia-navalis.gif the Arsenale] sailed the great Venetian merchant and military fleets that made Venice one of the first great maritime powers. With the San Marco (political and relgious heart) and the Rialto (commercial heart), the Arsenale (military heart) completes the triad of power centers in the Venetian Republic. Its contruction begun in 1104 and was continually extended from the 14th to the 16th century. It is surrounded by high walls with square towers bearing the insignia of the winged lion.

'''rope-walks''' 
Making rope calls for a room or yard somewhat longer than the end product, called a rope-walk.

'''Lido''' 
Venice's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lido Lido], home to the Venice Film Festival every September, is an 11-mile long narrow sandbar separating the Adriatic Sea from the Lagoon. One of the hotels in Lido was the setting for Thomas Mann's ''Death in Venice''. The Grand Hotel ''Excelsior'' is on the Adriatic side of the island. From the lagoon side to Venice is about 4 miles distant. The name Lido also refers just to the resort on the Lido island

'''.450 cordite express rifle''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Express_rifle Express rifle] is the somewhat outdated term for a large caliber hunting rifle intended for large and dangerous game like elephant, lion, buffalo, etc. The early express rifles used black powder. Among the first using smokeless ammunition was the .450 cordite express rifle. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordite Cordite] is a family of smokeless double-base propellants made of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin.

The firearms are still in use and the ammunition for them is still produced; [[ATD_724-747#Page_737|see annotations to p. 737.]]

'''''pistolieri''''' 
Italian: men with pistols. ''(should be "pistoleri")''

'''association football''' 
Called soccer in the U.S. and football everywhere else.

==Page 855==

'''''Il Squalaccio''''' 
"squalo" is Italian for "shark." Appropriate to a submarine's name, a squalaccio would be an evil shark and may refer to the Italian torpedo even if the article used is wrong (should be ''Lo Squalaccio'', but Pynchon sometimes has problems with Italian articles, also considering that ''I Zingari'' should be ''Gli Zingari''). "Squalaccio" also name-connects with the Argentine exile in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow''], Squalidocci, which would translate to ....?

==Page 856==

'''''Attenzione''''' 
Italian: attention.

'''''Austriaci''''' 
Italian: Austrians.

'''Malamocco''' 
Another resort about 3 miles south of Lido resort on the same (Lido) island.

==Page 857==

'''''terraferma''''' 
Italian: solid ground. The parts of Venice (Mestre, etc.) not built in the Lagoon.

'''''squero''''' 
A squero is a workshop for building gondolas. 
...a Venetian boat-builder

==Page 858==

'''''mavrovlaco''''' 
Italian: Mauro-Vlach or Morlach. An inhabitant of the western coastal part of the Balkan Peninsula.

==Page 859==

'''Marcel wave''' 
n 1872, Marcel had introduced his famous Marcel wave using a heated iron that imitated the natural curl of the hair. Hot tongs were applied to produce a curl rather than a crimp. Done at intervals over the head, the hair would assume the look of moiré. It revolutionized the art of hairdressing all over the world. The Marcel wave remained popular for almost half a century and helped usher in a new era of women's waved and curled hairpieces, which were mixed with the natural hair.

'''Ciprianuccio''' 
Nickname for Cyprian stressing his clumsiness.

'''''parruchiere''''' 
Italian: wigmaker, hairdresser. ''(should be "parrucchiere")''

==Page 860==

'''''Macchè''''' 
Italian: no, no way. ''(should be "macché")''

'''Cadorina''' 
A female person from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadore Cadore], a mountain community in the Italian region of Veneto, in the northernmost part of the province of Belluno, bordering on Austria. Northern Italians are typically fair of hair. Titian, the painter, was born in Cadore.

'''Tintoretto''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_579|page 579: Tintoretto]].

'''the cemetery island of San Michele''' 
The Isola di San Michele, a former prison island just north of Venice itself less than five minutes away by waterbus, is Venice's cemetery since early 1800s. Bodies were carried to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Michele the island] on special funeral gondolas, including Igor Stravinsky, Joseph Brodsky, Sergei Diaghilev and Ezra Pound.

'''day-to-day lives''' 
vision of. Thematic.

==Page 861==

==Page 862==

'''Cimiez''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimiez Cimiez] is a upper class suburb of Nice, France.

'''Dalmatian''' 
From Dalmatia, coastal and island part of Croatia.

'''Emotional Anarchist''' 
Thematic.

'''Law of Deterministic Insufficiency''' 
Perhaps referring to C.S. Pierce's notion of Chance existing as an irreducible element in the universe?. See Chums of.

'''Earl's Court Wheel''' 
The Great Wheel of Earl's Court was based upon the celebrated Ferris Wheel that had been the most arresting feature of the Chicago Exhibition of 1893. Building commenced in 1894 and it was opened to the public in July 1895. By 1906, the Wheel has ceased to be profitable and was demolished. [[Great Wheel of Earl's Court|Read more...]]

'''Wilson's theorem, the (p − 1) factorial . . .''' 
John Wilson (1741-1793) was an English mathematician who had a theorem, Wilson's Theorem, named after him. 
If ''p'' is a positive integer and greater than one, then ''(p - 1)'' factorial, ''(p - 1)!'', is defined as the product of ''(p-1) x (p-2) . . . 2 x 1; ie.
:''(p-1)! = (p-1)•(p-2) • • • 2•1.
For example, for the positive integer ''5'', ''4! = 4•3•2•1 = 24. 
Wilson's Theorem says that a number ''p'' is prime if and only if
:''(p-1)! + 1'' is divisible by ''p''.
Now, since ''4! + 1 = 24 + 1 = 25'' which is divisible by ''5'', so ''5'' is a prime.

==Page 863==

'''obvious from the foregoing''' 
Mathematicians' code: The baffling development I just finished leads (with some hand-waving) to the following unsupported conclusion.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 849-863

2007-07-17T09:29:39Z

Sonni: /* Page 859 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 849==

'''pineapple Marquises''' 
???

'''''trois-six'' chasers''' 
French: three-six. Schnapps from Normandy, sometimes legal, sometimes not. Three measures of alcohol to six measures of water.

'''flâneur''' 
French: man-about-town.

'''''compaňero''''' 
friend.

'''go-devil squibs . . . oil-well torpedos''' 
Explosive charges set off inside a well in order to clear plugging of the formation that interferes with oil flow.

'''''Buen hombre''''' 
Spanish: good man.

'''all ready to explode''' 
The 1908 Mexican revolution.

'''''¡Seguro, ése!''''' 
Spanish: for sure!

==Page 850==

'''Limpia''' 
Port de Limpia, Nice, France.

'''L'Espagnol Clignant''' 
French: The Blinking Spaniard.

'''''mi hijo''''' 
Spanish: my son.

==Page 851==

'''heliograph''' 
Communication device that reflects sunlight to form a beam, then interrupts the beam to generate a binary signal in Morse or other code.

'''''gregaou''''' 
The north-east or Gregaou (Greek) wind of Nice, which is happily rare, since it brings storms of hail and even snow in winter. 
Other winds of Nice: the most frequent is the east wind, which is especially formidable during autumn. The south-west wind (called Libeccio, or wind of Lybia) is moist and warm. The mistral (from the north-west) and the tramontane (from the north) are generally stopped by the mountains; but when they do reach the city they raise intolerable dust-storms.

'''''bandoleros''''' 
Spanish, literally: bandoleer wearers. Bandits, partisans.

'''Professeur Pivoine''' 
French: Professor Peony.

==Page 852==

==Page 853==

'''''Zeugnisbüchlein''''' 
German: student's pocket report book. Such a book serves as a transcript for university students.

'''Old Slavonic script''' 
Glagolitic writing; [[ATD_243-272#Page_252|see the excellent annotation to page 252.]]

'''breaches in the Creation''' 
Thematic. Amazing list follows.

==Page 854==

'''the Malibran''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_355|page 355: Teatro Malibran]].

'''the film shot here not long ago''' 
This is an actual film. "Panorama du Grand Canal pris d'un bateau" is available on the DVD The Lumiere Bros. First Films distributed by Kino Video.

'''the image had entered the Arsenale''' 
??? 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_Arsenal The Arsenale] is a shipyard and naval depot in Venice. It occupies a big area of the Castello district and is one of the most important areas of Venice. From [http://www.cheapvenice.com/map-arsenale-venezia-navalis.gif the Arsenale] sailed the great Venetian merchant and military fleets that made Venice one of the first great maritime powers. With the San Marco (political and relgious heart) and the Rialto (commercial heart), the Arsenale (military heart) completes the triad of power centers in the Venetian Republic. Its contruction begun in 1104 and was continually extended from the 14th to the 16th century. It is surrounded by high walls with square towers bearing the insignia of the winged lion.

'''rope-walks''' 
Making rope calls for a room or yard somewhat longer than the end product, called a rope-walk.

'''Lido''' 
Venice's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lido Lido], home to the Venice Film Festival every September, is an 11-mile long narrow sandbar separating the Adriatic Sea from the Lagoon. One of the hotels in Lido was the setting for Thomas Mann's ''Death in Venice''. The Grand Hotel ''Excelsior'' is on the Adriatic side of the island. From the lagoon side to Venice is about 4 miles distant. The name Lido also refers just to the resort on the Lido island

'''.450 cordite express rifle''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Express_rifle Express rifle] is the somewhat outdated term for a large caliber hunting rifle intended for large and dangerous game like elephant, lion, buffalo, etc. The early express rifles used black powder. Among the first using smokeless ammunition was the .450 cordite express rifle. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordite Cordite] is a family of smokeless double-base propellants made of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin.

The firearms are still in use and the ammunition for them is still produced; [[ATD_724-747#Page_737|see annotations to p. 737.]]

'''''pistolieri''''' 
Italian: men with pistols. ''(should be "pistoleri")''

'''association football''' 
Called soccer in the U.S. and football everywhere else.

==Page 855==

'''''Il Squalaccio''''' 
"squalo" is Italian for "shark." Appropriate to a submarine's name, a squalaccio would be an evil shark and may refer to the Italian torpedo even if the article used is wrong (should be ''Lo Squalaccio'', but Pynchon sometimes has problems with Italian articles, also considering that ''I Zingari'' should be ''Gli Zingari''). "Squalaccio" also name-connects with the Argentine exile in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow''], Squalidocci, which would translate to ....?

==Page 856==

'''''Attenzione''''' 
Italian: attention.

'''''Austriaci''''' 
Italian: Austrians.

'''Malamocco''' 
Another resort about 3 miles south of Lido resort on the same (Lido) island.

==Page 857==

'''''terraferma''''' 
Italian: solid ground. The parts of Venice (Mestre, etc.) not built in the Lagoon.

'''''squero''''' 
A squero is a workshop for building gondolas. 
...a Venetian boat-builder

==Page 858==

'''''mavrovlaco''''' 
Italian: Mauro-Vlach or Morlach. An inhabitant of the western coastal part of the Balkan Peninsula.

==Page 859==

'''Marcel wave''' 
n 1872, Marcel had introduced his famous Marcel wave using a heated iron that imitated the natural curl of the hair. Hot tongs were applied to produce a curl rather than a crimp. Done at intervals over the head, the hair would assume the look of moiré. It revolutionized the art of hairdressing all over the world. The Marcel wave remained popular for almost half a century and helped usher in a new era of women's waved and curled hairpieces, which were mixed with the natural hair.

'''Ciprianuccio''' 
Nickname for Cyprian stressing his clumsiness.

'''''parruchiere''''' 
Italian: wigmaker, hairdresser. ''(should be "parrucchiere")''

==Page 860==

'''''Macchè''''' 
Italian: no, no way.

'''Cadorina''' 
A female person from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadore Cadore], a mountain community in the Italian region of Veneto, in the northernmost part of the province of Belluno, bordering on Austria. Northern Italians are typically fair of hair. Titian, the painter, was born in Cadore.

'''Tintoretto''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_579|page 579: Tintoretto]].

'''the cemetery island of San Michele''' 
The Isola di San Michele, a former prison island just north of Venice itself less than five minutes away by waterbus, is Venice's cemetery since early 1800s. Bodies were carried to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Michele the island] on special funeral gondolas, including Igor Stravinsky, Joseph Brodsky, Sergei Diaghilev and Ezra Pound.

'''day-to-day lives''' 
vision of. Thematic.

==Page 861==

==Page 862==

'''Cimiez''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimiez Cimiez] is a upper class suburb of Nice, France.

'''Dalmatian''' 
From Dalmatia, coastal and island part of Croatia.

'''Emotional Anarchist''' 
Thematic.

'''Law of Deterministic Insufficiency''' 
Perhaps referring to C.S. Pierce's notion of Chance existing as an irreducible element in the universe?. See Chums of.

'''Earl's Court Wheel''' 
The Great Wheel of Earl's Court was based upon the celebrated Ferris Wheel that had been the most arresting feature of the Chicago Exhibition of 1893. Building commenced in 1894 and it was opened to the public in July 1895. By 1906, the Wheel has ceased to be profitable and was demolished. [[Great Wheel of Earl's Court|Read more...]]

'''Wilson's theorem, the (p − 1) factorial . . .''' 
John Wilson (1741-1793) was an English mathematician who had a theorem, Wilson's Theorem, named after him. 
If ''p'' is a positive integer and greater than one, then ''(p - 1)'' factorial, ''(p - 1)!'', is defined as the product of ''(p-1) x (p-2) . . . 2 x 1; ie.
:''(p-1)! = (p-1)•(p-2) • • • 2•1.
For example, for the positive integer ''5'', ''4! = 4•3•2•1 = 24. 
Wilson's Theorem says that a number ''p'' is prime if and only if
:''(p-1)! + 1'' is divisible by ''p''.
Now, since ''4! + 1 = 24 + 1 = 25'' which is divisible by ''5'', so ''5'' is a prime.

==Page 863==

'''obvious from the foregoing''' 
Mathematicians' code: The baffling development I just finished leads (with some hand-waving) to the following unsupported conclusion.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 849-863

2007-07-17T09:28:40Z

Sonni: /* Page 854 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 849==

'''pineapple Marquises''' 
???

'''''trois-six'' chasers''' 
French: three-six. Schnapps from Normandy, sometimes legal, sometimes not. Three measures of alcohol to six measures of water.

'''flâneur''' 
French: man-about-town.

'''''compaňero''''' 
friend.

'''go-devil squibs . . . oil-well torpedos''' 
Explosive charges set off inside a well in order to clear plugging of the formation that interferes with oil flow.

'''''Buen hombre''''' 
Spanish: good man.

'''all ready to explode''' 
The 1908 Mexican revolution.

'''''¡Seguro, ése!''''' 
Spanish: for sure!

==Page 850==

'''Limpia''' 
Port de Limpia, Nice, France.

'''L'Espagnol Clignant''' 
French: The Blinking Spaniard.

'''''mi hijo''''' 
Spanish: my son.

==Page 851==

'''heliograph''' 
Communication device that reflects sunlight to form a beam, then interrupts the beam to generate a binary signal in Morse or other code.

'''''gregaou''''' 
The north-east or Gregaou (Greek) wind of Nice, which is happily rare, since it brings storms of hail and even snow in winter. 
Other winds of Nice: the most frequent is the east wind, which is especially formidable during autumn. The south-west wind (called Libeccio, or wind of Lybia) is moist and warm. The mistral (from the north-west) and the tramontane (from the north) are generally stopped by the mountains; but when they do reach the city they raise intolerable dust-storms.

'''''bandoleros''''' 
Spanish, literally: bandoleer wearers. Bandits, partisans.

'''Professeur Pivoine''' 
French: Professor Peony.

==Page 852==

==Page 853==

'''''Zeugnisbüchlein''''' 
German: student's pocket report book. Such a book serves as a transcript for university students.

'''Old Slavonic script''' 
Glagolitic writing; [[ATD_243-272#Page_252|see the excellent annotation to page 252.]]

'''breaches in the Creation''' 
Thematic. Amazing list follows.

==Page 854==

'''the Malibran''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_355|page 355: Teatro Malibran]].

'''the film shot here not long ago''' 
This is an actual film. "Panorama du Grand Canal pris d'un bateau" is available on the DVD The Lumiere Bros. First Films distributed by Kino Video.

'''the image had entered the Arsenale''' 
??? 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_Arsenal The Arsenale] is a shipyard and naval depot in Venice. It occupies a big area of the Castello district and is one of the most important areas of Venice. From [http://www.cheapvenice.com/map-arsenale-venezia-navalis.gif the Arsenale] sailed the great Venetian merchant and military fleets that made Venice one of the first great maritime powers. With the San Marco (political and relgious heart) and the Rialto (commercial heart), the Arsenale (military heart) completes the triad of power centers in the Venetian Republic. Its contruction begun in 1104 and was continually extended from the 14th to the 16th century. It is surrounded by high walls with square towers bearing the insignia of the winged lion.

'''rope-walks''' 
Making rope calls for a room or yard somewhat longer than the end product, called a rope-walk.

'''Lido''' 
Venice's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lido Lido], home to the Venice Film Festival every September, is an 11-mile long narrow sandbar separating the Adriatic Sea from the Lagoon. One of the hotels in Lido was the setting for Thomas Mann's ''Death in Venice''. The Grand Hotel ''Excelsior'' is on the Adriatic side of the island. From the lagoon side to Venice is about 4 miles distant. The name Lido also refers just to the resort on the Lido island

'''.450 cordite express rifle''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Express_rifle Express rifle] is the somewhat outdated term for a large caliber hunting rifle intended for large and dangerous game like elephant, lion, buffalo, etc. The early express rifles used black powder. Among the first using smokeless ammunition was the .450 cordite express rifle. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordite Cordite] is a family of smokeless double-base propellants made of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin.

The firearms are still in use and the ammunition for them is still produced; [[ATD_724-747#Page_737|see annotations to p. 737.]]

'''''pistolieri''''' 
Italian: men with pistols. ''(should be "pistoleri")''

'''association football''' 
Called soccer in the U.S. and football everywhere else.

==Page 855==

'''''Il Squalaccio''''' 
"squalo" is Italian for "shark." Appropriate to a submarine's name, a squalaccio would be an evil shark and may refer to the Italian torpedo even if the article used is wrong (should be ''Lo Squalaccio'', but Pynchon sometimes has problems with Italian articles, also considering that ''I Zingari'' should be ''Gli Zingari''). "Squalaccio" also name-connects with the Argentine exile in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow''], Squalidocci, which would translate to ....?

==Page 856==

'''''Attenzione''''' 
Italian: attention.

'''''Austriaci''''' 
Italian: Austrians.

'''Malamocco''' 
Another resort about 3 miles south of Lido resort on the same (Lido) island.

==Page 857==

'''''terraferma''''' 
Italian: solid ground. The parts of Venice (Mestre, etc.) not built in the Lagoon.

'''''squero''''' 
A squero is a workshop for building gondolas. 
...a Venetian boat-builder

==Page 858==

'''''mavrovlaco''''' 
Italian: Mauro-Vlach or Morlach. An inhabitant of the western coastal part of the Balkan Peninsula.

==Page 859==

'''Marcel wave''' 
n 1872, Marcel had introduced his famous Marcel wave using a heated iron that imitated the natural curl of the hair. Hot tongs were applied to produce a curl rather than a crimp. Done at intervals over the head, the hair would assume the look of moiré. It revolutionized the art of hairdressing all over the world. The Marcel wave remained popular for almost half a century and helped usher in a new era of women's waved and curled hairpieces, which were mixed with the natural hair.

'''Ciprianuccio''' 
Nickname for Cyprian stressing his clumsiness.

'''''parruchiere''''' 
Italian: wigmaker, hairdresser.

==Page 860==

'''''Macchè''''' 
Italian: no, no way.

'''Cadorina''' 
A female person from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadore Cadore], a mountain community in the Italian region of Veneto, in the northernmost part of the province of Belluno, bordering on Austria. Northern Italians are typically fair of hair. Titian, the painter, was born in Cadore.

'''Tintoretto''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_579|page 579: Tintoretto]].

'''the cemetery island of San Michele''' 
The Isola di San Michele, a former prison island just north of Venice itself less than five minutes away by waterbus, is Venice's cemetery since early 1800s. Bodies were carried to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Michele the island] on special funeral gondolas, including Igor Stravinsky, Joseph Brodsky, Sergei Diaghilev and Ezra Pound.

'''day-to-day lives''' 
vision of. Thematic.

==Page 861==

==Page 862==

'''Cimiez''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimiez Cimiez] is a upper class suburb of Nice, France.

'''Dalmatian''' 
From Dalmatia, coastal and island part of Croatia.

'''Emotional Anarchist''' 
Thematic.

'''Law of Deterministic Insufficiency''' 
Perhaps referring to C.S. Pierce's notion of Chance existing as an irreducible element in the universe?. See Chums of.

'''Earl's Court Wheel''' 
The Great Wheel of Earl's Court was based upon the celebrated Ferris Wheel that had been the most arresting feature of the Chicago Exhibition of 1893. Building commenced in 1894 and it was opened to the public in July 1895. By 1906, the Wheel has ceased to be profitable and was demolished. [[Great Wheel of Earl's Court|Read more...]]

'''Wilson's theorem, the (p − 1) factorial . . .''' 
John Wilson (1741-1793) was an English mathematician who had a theorem, Wilson's Theorem, named after him. 
If ''p'' is a positive integer and greater than one, then ''(p - 1)'' factorial, ''(p - 1)!'', is defined as the product of ''(p-1) x (p-2) . . . 2 x 1; ie.
:''(p-1)! = (p-1)•(p-2) • • • 2•1.
For example, for the positive integer ''5'', ''4! = 4•3•2•1 = 24. 
Wilson's Theorem says that a number ''p'' is prime if and only if
:''(p-1)! + 1'' is divisible by ''p''.
Now, since ''4! + 1 = 24 + 1 = 25'' which is divisible by ''5'', so ''5'' is a prime.

==Page 863==

'''obvious from the foregoing''' 
Mathematicians' code: The baffling development I just finished leads (with some hand-waving) to the following unsupported conclusion.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 358-373

2007-07-17T08:56:38Z

Sonni: /* Page 369 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 358==

'''Camp Bird''' 
Camp Bird Mine, Ouray, Ouray County, CO, is a gold-zinc-silver-lead-copper mine operated from 1896 to 1990. It located six miles south of Ouray and produced yearly 1.5 million ounces of gold and 4 million ounces of silver until 1990. [http://www.mindat.org/loc-8702.html Camp Bird].

'''Archie Dipple''' 
???

'''". . . camel herd imported years ago . . ."''' 
Camels were imported in 1855 for use by the U.S. Army as pack animals. They were quite capable, but the Army eventually abandoned them around the Civil War. Those that escaped became a feral population that survived in the Southwest until 1941. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Camel_Corps Wikipedia]

'''kids in cylindrical hats''' 
hotel pageboys. [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=hotel+pageboy pix]

==Page 359==

'''bunco-steerer''' 
A con man or fraudster, but the use here seems less malicious than usual.

'''Macking for a mack''' 
Pimping for a pimp. Mack: a pimp (from English ''mackerel'' or French ''maquereau'').

'''Karl Marx''' 
Karl Marx (1818-83) German socialist and economist, founder of modern international Communism. The son of a Jewish lawyer, studied law at Bonn and Berlin but took up history, philosophy and Feuerbach's materialism. Moved to Paris in 1843 after his radical newspaper was closed by the German authority. Expelled from Paris in 1845 for his radical jounalism he moved to Brussels. Based on study of the French Revolution, together with fellow exile, Friedrich Engels (1920-95), they wrote the famous ''Communist Manifesto'' (1848), [http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/classics/manifesto.html manifesto], a masterpiece of political proganganda and intellectual brow-beating. It begins with 'A spectre is haunting Europe, the spectre of communism.' It goes on to attack the state as a mere instrument of oppression, religion and culture are mere ideologies of the capitalist class. It ends with 'The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains . . . Working men of all countries, unite!' The immediate result was Marx's expulsion from Brussels. He and his family finally settled in London where, after 30 years lonely study in the British Museum reading room, he produced his life work, ''Das Kapital'' (Capital, 3 vols., 1867-94). ''Das Kapital'' (Cf page 360) was unfinished when Marx died in 1883, his disciple and collaborator, Engels completed the work. In it Marx argues that capitalist expandsion depends on surplus value, capitalist competition is only successful at the expense of the worker, the antagonisms must inevitably lead to revolution and the extinction of the capitalist class, which ultimately lead ot a classless society. Marx had little to do with practical politics. The intellectual rigous of Marxism proved to be far inferior to its emotive power. To his followers and disciples, dreaming of social justice and never giving a moment's critical thought to his writings, Marx provided them with yet another substitute religion. 
It should be noted that "Marxism" as it is commonly known today (oversimplified to meet the practical needs of the communist movement) is quite different from Marx's original oeuvre, which, apart from the ''Communist Manifesto'' and some textbook excerpts, was seldom read by rank-and-file party members (or leaders, for that matter). His view of society as a dynamic system of interacting objective forces, with economy as the decisive factor, was an important step forward in social thinking. Also his early, unpublished writings are stimulating excursions into post-Hegelian philosophical anthropology. His influence is unmistakable in the works of such 20th century intellectual gurus as Sartre, Habermas, or Bourdieu. He was also a sharp political journalist, catering for, paradoxically, a middle-class audience. For more of [http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/marx.html Marx].

==Page 360==

'''Capital''' 
The ''magnum opus'' of German socialist Karl Marx (1818-83), ''Das Kapital'' (Capital, 3 vols. 1867-94). According to Norman Davies of University of London, ''Capital'' was a "sustained exercise in speculative social philosophy, a rambling jumble of brilliant insights and turgid pedantry. It borrowed a number of disparate ideas current at the time, and reassembled them in the original combination of 'dialectical materialism'. Marx aimed to create the same sort of universal theory for human society that Darwin had done for natural history; . . . He took the subject of materialist history from Feuerbach, the class struggle from Saint-Simon, the dictatorship of the proletariat from Babeuf, the labor theory of value from Adam Smith, the theory of surplus from Bray and Thompson, the principle of dialectical progress from Hegel. All these components were put togerther in s messianic doctrine . . ." See Karl Marx of page 359 and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_Kapital Capital].

'''across the day''' 
???

'''taken in''' 
Out = alive; in = living dead.

'''Saturday nights''' 
Since "V" Pynchon has presented heavy drinking as a virtue.

This seems like a rather absurd statement to me. (cf. the Anubis and Casino Hermann Goering in GR, the kids in Entropy, Oedipa and Metzger in COL49, u.s.w.)

'''sanctuary''' 
(Why leave free places at all, though?)

'''Chicago-built''' 
Railway hub leads to manufacture of heavy goods.
:built or made in Chicago !

'''Sean O'Farrells''' 
"The popular Shawn O'Farrell was created in Butte, Montana, a straight shot of whiskey followed with a glass of cold beer; it gave birth to the boilermaker." From this [http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/old_west/102390 website] A Google search for Sean O‘Farrell came up with [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1556-1283(194604)5%3A2%3C153%3ATFCATO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y this link] but the contributor is afraid you need a campus-location to access it.

The classic boilermaker (or "boilermaker and its helper") comprises a shot of rye whiskey and a short glass of lager beer. Of course bourbon or Tennessee whiskey may be substituted or, in other traditions, gin, vodka, tequila or even rum. Alternate name: shot and a beer, usually pronounced as one word (first time) or identified by pointing and grunting (subsequent times). Mixing the two beverages yields a ''sidecar.'' Sometimes the boilermaker is prepared by drawing less than a pint of beer in a pint glass, filling a shot glass with whiskey, and sinking one in the other; the dire result is a ''depth charge.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilermaker_(cocktail) See the entertaining Wikipedia entry.] We get forms of the boilermaker at least twice more in ''AtD.''

'''army "A" tents''' 
A-Frame tents are canvas tents supported by a vertical pole at either end and a cord or horizontal pole between the two along the top. When viewed from the entrance end, they form a triangle, hence the name.
[http://coonriver.com/tent.jpg Image of Civil War era A-Frames.]

'''bars had toothmarks''' 
(Patrons so drunk they sit on floor and gnaw edge of bar?)
Maybe many teeth have been knocked out in these bars?

I take it to mean toothmarks from those whose heads were bounced off the bar during a violent confrontation.

....or so drunk they fall face first into it.

==Page 361==

'''Pinkerton and public''' 
Assuming one is willing to take "Pinkerton" as a substitution for "private," it being a "private investigations firm," then this may be an allusion to Jurgen Habermas's work examining the distinction (and frequent lack thereof) between the public and private spheres of social interaction. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas Wikipedia on Habermas].

==Page 363==

'''the Wall''' 
Death?

'''''chavalitos''''' 
Kids (Spanish).

'''calico recital''' 
I.e., wife's conventional plea.

'''side o' beef''' 
She is both rhyming on his name and comparing him to something that one ''hangs.''

'''. . . want to do nothing but be down at them famous little feet''' 
???

==Page 364==

'''Denver''' 
Actually mine school at Golden, 15 miles west?

'''purple... orange''' 
(Clashing colors keep turning up as a motif.)

'''January colt''' 
From the Racecourse Association:
All racehorses are given the nominal birthday of January 1st. Thus a "two-year-old" born in June and one born in January of the same year are considered to be of the same age for the purposes of satisfying the conditions of some races re: weight carried. In reality, the January horse may be considered to have a significant advantage in terms of physical development at this early stage in its career.

'''Borrasca''' 
Borrasca in Spanish means storm, squall, depression, or area of low pressure. But apparently it can also mean an exhausted mine, and 'Going borrasca' means "becoming mined-out". Interestingly, this is very close to the English word 'borassic', ie. out of cash. This comes from Cockney Rhyming Slang: 'boracic lint' meaning 'skint', ie without any money.

==Page 365==

'''Bridget McGonigal''' 
a slide in the San Juans named after a mine owner's wife.
:A real feature?

'''to fill the day''' 
(Day motif.)

==Page 366==

'''sled''' 
(Cf Dally and Frank.)

'''Jake''' 
Okay (slang).

'''dead and gone, and therefore born again''' 
Several characters in ''AtD'' have a similar experience—Lew Basnight on page 185 is an example.

==Page 367==

'''Thrapston Cheesely III''' 
???

'''Madame Aubergine''' 
"Aubergine" is French for eggplant. Cf. p. 67, "'my little eggplant.'"

'''Ruperta Chirpingdon-Groin''' 
???

'''Yup Toy''' 
Expensive yuppie gadget, eg iPod.

'''naphtha-light''' 
Obscure fuel-into-light motif variant.

==Page 368==

'''$3.50-a-quart''' 
About $75 today.

Compare to p.92 where $3.50 is given as a day's wage.

'''an exquisite''' 
one who is overly fastidious in dress or ornament.

'''Monsieur Peychaud''' 
Antoine Amadie Peychaud, a Creole apothecary who moved to New Orleans from the West Indies and set up shop in the French Quarter in the early 1800s. [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/sazerac.html weblink]

'''Sazeracs''' 
A New Orleans cocktail. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sazerac Wikipedia entry].

'''Bob Stockton''' 
???

'''Absinthe Frappés''' 
Read about absinthe in America at [http://www.oxygenee.com/absinthe-americas.html The Virtual Absinthe Museum].

'''...some form of zombie powder''' 
the most common ingredients of Haitian "poudres zombi" [http://science.howstuffworks.com/zombie1.htm according to this website] are [http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?rel-genus=like&rel-species=like&rel-common_name=like&rel-family=equals&rel-ordr=equals&rel-isocc=like&rel-description=like&rel-distribution=like&rel-life_history=like&rel-trends_and_threats=like&rel-relation_to_humans=like&rel-comments=like&query_src=aw_search_index&max=200&orderbyaw=Family&where-genus=Bufo&where-species=marinus&where-common_name=&where-family=Bufonidae&where-ordr=Anura&where-isocc=any&rel-species_account=matchboolean&where-species_account=&rel-declinecauses=equals&where-declinecauses=any&rel-iucn=equals&where-iucn=&rel-cites=equals&where-cites= Canetoad] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyltryptamine DMT], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufotenin Bufotenin], heart [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid steroids]), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pufferfish Pufferfish] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin Tetrotodoxin]) , [http://www.amphibiainfo.com/gallery/anura/hylidae/osteopilus/dominicensis/ Hispaniolan Common Tree Frog] (?) and "Human Remains"(?).

In Colombia the effects of an intoxication with [http://earthops.org/burundanga.html Burundanga] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopolamine Scopolamine]) are described as those of a [http://www.brugerforeningen.dk/bfny.nsf/0/A6CA2207359E19AFC12568C4005E94C8?OpenDocument&K=International%20News&S=UK Zombie Powder]

'''bengaline''' 
A fabric having a crosswise ribbed effect made of silk, wool, or synthetic fibers [http://www.bharattextile.com/dictionary/118 weblink].

'''Medici collar''' 
Medici collar is a flared, fan-shaped collar with a V-opening at the front popular in the 1540s and 1550s after similar styles seen in the portrait of Catherine de Medici in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici Wikipedia].
:[http://www.bharattextile.com/dictionary/118 a few samples here] can't see any collar samples!

'''bastard chinchilla''' 
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinchilla chinchilla] is a rodent with thick, valuable fur. Bastard here means 'false', so the cuffs resemble chinchilla fur but are not truly chinchilla.

'''glissandi''' 
Glissando (plural: glissandi) is a musical term that refers to either a continuous sliding from one pitch to another or an incidental scale played while moving from one melodic note to another. 
''(in fact, "glissando" should not be declined in the plural, so "glissandi" makes no sense at all. "glissando" would be the right word)''

'''whorehouse professor''' 
Just as it was for aeronauts, "Professor" was a customary title for pianists in low surroundings.

'''voodoo''' 
A polytheistic religion practiced chiefly by West-Indian Negroes, deriving principally from African cult worship and containing elements borrowed from the Catholic religion.

==Page 369==

'''cheurice sausage''' 
spelled "chaurice",[typo or variant?],it is a spicy Cajun pork sausage. See "POCHE'S, Smoked Chaurice" at Cajungrocer.com. There is
a Portuguese variant, a garlic sausage with another spelling yet. ''Chouriço.''

'''gumbo''' 
A spicy, hearty stew or soup, found typically on the Gulf of Mexico in the U.S. and very common in Louisiana and the Lowcountry around Charleston, South Carolina. It usually consists of rice and soup, the latter can contain seafood (shrimp, crab or crawfish), fowl (duck, chicken) and other meats.

'''étouffé''' 
Also, étouffée, literally means smothered, choked off. It is a Creole [[ATD_26-56#Page_29|seafood dish—see annotation to p. 29]]—a tangy tomato-based sauce, typically served over rice, similar to gumbo, very popular in New Orlean. The usual staple of an étouffée is crawfish, whereas shrimp or crabmeat are more often found in gumbos.

'''sassafras''' 
A genus of two species of deciduous trees in the family Lauraceae. It's root, bark, wood and leaves have many usages: perfumes, insect repellent, soft drink (root beer), dye, drugs and many others. The leaves are used for thickening sauces and soups, and when dried and ground are known as filé powder, a spice used in Cajun, Creole and other Louisiana cooking.

'''Italian Troubles''' 
The Mafia first gained American attention via New Orleans at that time. In 1890, a New Orleans Police Superintendent was killed. Nineteen Sicilians were indicted and aquitted (bribes and jury tampering were rumored). After the acquittal, a lynch mob dispatched most of the defendents.

'''''Va fongool-a''''' 
The original Italian phrase is "Va' a fare in culo" (usually shortened in "Vaffanculo", which in a southern italian pronounciation would in fact sound more or less "Vafangool'!" - Pynchon ear at its best!) meaning literally "go do it in the ass", or simply "fuck you."

'''Maman Tant Gras Hall''' 
Mama-So-Fat Hall.

'''''guignette''''' 
A [http://www.ornitho-digiscoping.tramelan.ch/pages_des_especes/chevalier_guignette.htm guignette] is a bird, a sandpiper. A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinguette guinguette] is a cabaret. Looks like another printing error.

'''"Dope" Breedlove and his Merry Coons''' 
Dope breeds love? Maybe Pynchon is lampooning the vicious stereotyping of the whole act, i.e. Those who named them consider them dumb,happy,love breeding black folk. For a partial list of coon references in ''AtD,'' [[ATD_26-56#Page_48|see annotation to p. 48.]]

'''cataplexy''' 
Sudden loss of muscle power following a strong emotional stimulus.

'''traps''' 
Equipment, gear, luggage.

==Page 370==

'''Ramos gin fizz''' 
Another New Orleans cocktail. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramos_gin_fizz Wikipedia entry].

'''Anarchist theory''' 
At the core of anarchist thought lies the contention that all forms of domination are hateful, that government is not just unnecessary but harmful. Early believers in England and France held that the workers should avoid involvment in parliamentary politics, and should liberate themselves by direct action on the streets and in the factories. As a result of an extreme reaction against the extreme autocracy of the Russian Empire, two Russian famous anarchists, Mikhail Bakunin (1814-76) and Prince Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921), proclaimed that anarchists organize in order to destroy states. German anarchist Max Sirner (1806-56) stressed the absolute rights of the individual to freedom from institutional control. This principle ruled out any chance of an effective anarchist organization. Anarchism inspired the birth of modern terrorism. The idea was that sensational acts of murder or destruction would publicize injustice, break the resolve of government policy, and shatter the nerve of the ruling elite. (taken from Norman Davies' ''Europe: A History'' (1996).)

'''Benjamin Tucker''' 
1854-1939, American individualist anarchist. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker Wikipedia].

'''Land League''' 
The Irish Land League. It was an Irish political organization ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Land_league Land League]) of the late 19th centruy aimed to abolish landlordism in Irland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period (1870s, 1880s and 1890s) of the Land League's agitation is known in Irland as the Land War, actually not a "war" but rather a prolonged period of civil unrest
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_war Land War]).

'''Jass''' 
An article in the OED on the etymology of the word Jazz by a Bob Rigter traces the word to French "Chasser" and says the word "jass' was in use in New Orleans around 1900! 
"The Grand Larousse de la Langua Française (1971) derives CHASSER from Classical Latin CAPTARE. It provides two related meanings: 'chercher à prendre' and 'pousser devant soi, obliger à avancer ... faire avancer rapidement'. Clearly, the first can be related to the sexual connotation, and the second to the rhythmical connotation of the word JASS as it was used in New Orleans round 1900." 
The OED lists the earliest print usage of "Jazz," originally a dance and not, as in current use, the musical form, as 1909. The exact dating of this episode is unclear, though it seems likely to have occurred earlier.
The usage is not anachronistic though its precise usage(as a musical form rather than a dance)may be unknown. As for the unusual spelling, the OED lists "Jass" as a variant, though with no information as to where or when it was prevalent. see OED article above.

'''Wolfe Tone O'Rooney''' 
The author probably had Theobald Wolfe Tone, commonly known as Wolfe Tone, in mind when he created Wolfe Tone O'Rooney. Theobald Wolfe Tone (1763-98), an Irish revolutionary and one of the founders of the Society of United Irishmen ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_the_United_Irishmen United Irishmen]) in 1791. The society envisioned the union of Protestant and Catholic Irland to work toward constitutional independence as a republic on the model of the United States. In 1795 it shifted from a constitutional to a revolutionary approach. Mr. Tone was inspired with republican idealism by the successes of the American Revolution and by the apparent success of the French Revolution. He was instrumental in several abortive attempts to secure French support for Irish revolution in the 1790s. Wolfe Tone was captured at sea during one of these attempts (1798 Irish Rebellion) and sentenced to death for high treason. He committed suicide, allegedly by cutting his own throat, in prison in Dublin. Wolfe Tone is worshiped in Irland as an iconic figure and the father of Irish Republicanism. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobald_Wolfe_Tone Wolfe Tone]).

Wolf tones appear in music as well, as unwanted resonances in stringed instruments ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_tone Wikipedia]) and as artifacts of [http://www.albany.edu/piporg-l/tmprment.html temperament].

'''Fenian''' 
Term (often derogatory) for Irish nationalists. Thought to be derived from the name of the mercenary tribes who protected the king of Eire.

'''boycotting''' 
The word boycott arose in the autumn of 1880 to describe the action instituted by the Irish Land League towards those who incurred its hostility and is derived from the name of Captain Charles Boycott (1832-79), an English estate agent of an absentee landlord, the Earl Erne. Captain Boycott not only refused the protesting farmers' demand of rent reduction but also ejected them from the land. Organized by the Land League, he was subject to social ostracism; the Land League proclaimed: "Let every man in the parish turn his back on him; have no communications with him; have no dealings with him". His workers stopped working in the house, in the field and the house. Local bussinessmen stopped trading with him and the postman refused to delivery his mails. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boycott Wikipedia].

'''"Sligo and Tipperary"''' 
Counties in Ireland. Wikipedia pages for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sligo Sligo] and for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipperary Tipperary].

'''. . . a metaphorical device whose tenor . . .''' 
Refers to I.A. Richards' identification of metaphor as two discrete elements, "tenor" and "vehicle." In "my love is a rose," "my love" is the tenor, "a rose," the vehicle (see the Wikipedia entry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphor Metaphor] for more). The reference to tenor is a reminder that metaphor is itself a doubling, refractory device.

==Page 371==

'''Red Onion''' 
New Orleans night club on Rampart Street. In the "Back o Town" district, also called the "colored red light district," it was in its day quite a dive. Still in operation.

'''the Deux Espèces''' 
French: the Two Species. In Roman Catholic liturgy, ''la sainte Communion sous les deux espèces'' is "Holy Communion under both kinds," that is, when the communicant receives both the wine and the Host.

'''Flaco''' 
Skinny man (Spanish) or, as a ''nom de guerre,'' "Slim."

==Page 372==

'''"the more repressive the State is, the closer life under it resembles Death"''' 
An allusion to the theories of Mexican-American psychoanalyst Norman O. Brown, whose works, [http://www.amazon.com/Life-Against-Death-Psychoanalytical-Meaning/dp/0819561444/ref=pd_sim_b_1/002-6565825-6477661 ''Life Against Death''] (1959) and [http://www.amazon.com/Loves-Body-Reissue-Norman-Brown/dp/0520071069/sr=8-1/qid=1168179129/ref=sr_1_1/002-6565825-6477661?ie=UTF8&s=books ''Love's Body''] (1966) were an important influence on ''Gravity's Rainbow''. Brown, elaborating on and radicalizing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freud%2C_Sigmund Freud's] theories of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_drive death drive] as discussed in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization_and_Its_Discontents ''Civilization and Its Discontents''] (1930), argues that all submission to the state necessarily constitutes a form of psychic repression. Brown saw this repression as resulting from a desire for and ultimately being tantamount to death.
:Those interested should seek out Lawrence C. Wolfley's excellent article "Repression's Rainbow: The Presence of Norman O. Brown in Pynchon's Big Novel," first published in ''PMLA'', Vol. 92, No. 5 (Oct., 1977), pp. 873-889, but reprinted frequently.

'''the bombing of the Teatro Lyceo during a performance of Rossini's opera ''William Tell''''' 
On November 7, 1893, the opening night of the season, an anarchist dissident threw two bombs into the Barcelona opera house; only one bomb exploded, killing twenty and injuring many more.

"Lyceum" (Catalan ''liceu,'' Spanish ''liceo'' or ''lyceo,'' French ''lycée,'' etc.) varies in meaning from country to country. [http://www.apologetics.org/glossary.html The original Lyceum] was the Athens garden where Aristotle taught. In some places the word refers to a secondary school, in others a cultural institution. Lyceum is among the most popular names for theaters in the English-speaking world.

Wikipedia has possibly redundant entries for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Teatre_del_Liceu the Opera House], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona Barcelona], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gioacchino_Rossini Rossini], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tell_%28opera%29 ''William Tell''], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatori_Superior_de_M%C3%BAsica_del_Liceu Barcelona's Conservatori Superior de Música del Liceu], the musical conservatory for which the Teatro was built.

'''Montjuich''' 
Catalan for "Hill of the Jews," a broad hill overlooking Barcelona, atop which a 17th century fortress sits. The fortress shelled the city in 1842 following a popular uprising and was used through the reign of Franco to hold political prisoners. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montjuich Wikipedia].

'''latifundios''' 
Spanish landed estates, a remnant of the Roman social order. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latifundios Wikipedia].

'''Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley''' 
Leon Czolgosz, the son of a Polish immigrant in Detroit, MI, shot and mortally wounded President McKinley on September 6, 1901 in Buffalo, New York, at the Temple of Music at the Pan-American Exhibition, a World's Fair held in Buffalo because it could be powered by electricity from Niagara Falls. McKinley died on September 16. Czolgosz was quickly found guilty and was executed by electrocution October 29, 1901. Wikipedia entries for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Czolgosz Czolgosz], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley McKinley], and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American_Exposition Pan-American Exposition].

'''the Paris Commune''' 
The "socialist government that briefly ruled Paris from 18 March (more formally from 26 March) to 28 May 1871," cited from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_commune Wikipedia].

==Page 373==

'''a single point . . . upon the next''' 
That is, a place that that is beyond time, where the movement of the meridians (lines of longitude) have no effect. The only part of the earth where this is literally true is the axis. See, therefore, the Chums' journey through the Telluric Interior," pp. 114-18.

'''''Despedida''''' 
Goodbye (Spanish).

'''beignets''' 
New Orleans-style square, holeless doughnuts usually sprinkled with powdered sugar, famously served at Cafe Du Monde. [http://www.cafedumonde.com/ Website].

'''Bakunin''' 
Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876), Russian anarchist and revolutionary. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakunin Wikipedia entry].

'''Kropotkin''' 
Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921), Russian prince and anarchist, author of ''Mutual Aid.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin Wikipedia entry].

'''Eusebio Gómez''' 
Wolfe Tone takes a historic name. In 1815 Eusebio Gómez received a royal land grant that included now-prosperous Jupiter Island, Florida. The land was later subdivided and, around 1900, a British development company acquired it.

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Sp., "at your service."

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 358-373

2007-07-17T08:52:22Z

Sonni: /* Page 369 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 358==

'''Camp Bird''' 
Camp Bird Mine, Ouray, Ouray County, CO, is a gold-zinc-silver-lead-copper mine operated from 1896 to 1990. It located six miles south of Ouray and produced yearly 1.5 million ounces of gold and 4 million ounces of silver until 1990. [http://www.mindat.org/loc-8702.html Camp Bird].

'''Archie Dipple''' 
???

'''". . . camel herd imported years ago . . ."''' 
Camels were imported in 1855 for use by the U.S. Army as pack animals. They were quite capable, but the Army eventually abandoned them around the Civil War. Those that escaped became a feral population that survived in the Southwest until 1941. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Camel_Corps Wikipedia]

'''kids in cylindrical hats''' 
hotel pageboys. [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=hotel+pageboy pix]

==Page 359==

'''bunco-steerer''' 
A con man or fraudster, but the use here seems less malicious than usual.

'''Macking for a mack''' 
Pimping for a pimp. Mack: a pimp (from English ''mackerel'' or French ''maquereau'').

'''Karl Marx''' 
Karl Marx (1818-83) German socialist and economist, founder of modern international Communism. The son of a Jewish lawyer, studied law at Bonn and Berlin but took up history, philosophy and Feuerbach's materialism. Moved to Paris in 1843 after his radical newspaper was closed by the German authority. Expelled from Paris in 1845 for his radical jounalism he moved to Brussels. Based on study of the French Revolution, together with fellow exile, Friedrich Engels (1920-95), they wrote the famous ''Communist Manifesto'' (1848), [http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/classics/manifesto.html manifesto], a masterpiece of political proganganda and intellectual brow-beating. It begins with 'A spectre is haunting Europe, the spectre of communism.' It goes on to attack the state as a mere instrument of oppression, religion and culture are mere ideologies of the capitalist class. It ends with 'The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains . . . Working men of all countries, unite!' The immediate result was Marx's expulsion from Brussels. He and his family finally settled in London where, after 30 years lonely study in the British Museum reading room, he produced his life work, ''Das Kapital'' (Capital, 3 vols., 1867-94). ''Das Kapital'' (Cf page 360) was unfinished when Marx died in 1883, his disciple and collaborator, Engels completed the work. In it Marx argues that capitalist expandsion depends on surplus value, capitalist competition is only successful at the expense of the worker, the antagonisms must inevitably lead to revolution and the extinction of the capitalist class, which ultimately lead ot a classless society. Marx had little to do with practical politics. The intellectual rigous of Marxism proved to be far inferior to its emotive power. To his followers and disciples, dreaming of social justice and never giving a moment's critical thought to his writings, Marx provided them with yet another substitute religion. 
It should be noted that "Marxism" as it is commonly known today (oversimplified to meet the practical needs of the communist movement) is quite different from Marx's original oeuvre, which, apart from the ''Communist Manifesto'' and some textbook excerpts, was seldom read by rank-and-file party members (or leaders, for that matter). His view of society as a dynamic system of interacting objective forces, with economy as the decisive factor, was an important step forward in social thinking. Also his early, unpublished writings are stimulating excursions into post-Hegelian philosophical anthropology. His influence is unmistakable in the works of such 20th century intellectual gurus as Sartre, Habermas, or Bourdieu. He was also a sharp political journalist, catering for, paradoxically, a middle-class audience. For more of [http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/marx.html Marx].

==Page 360==

'''Capital''' 
The ''magnum opus'' of German socialist Karl Marx (1818-83), ''Das Kapital'' (Capital, 3 vols. 1867-94). According to Norman Davies of University of London, ''Capital'' was a "sustained exercise in speculative social philosophy, a rambling jumble of brilliant insights and turgid pedantry. It borrowed a number of disparate ideas current at the time, and reassembled them in the original combination of 'dialectical materialism'. Marx aimed to create the same sort of universal theory for human society that Darwin had done for natural history; . . . He took the subject of materialist history from Feuerbach, the class struggle from Saint-Simon, the dictatorship of the proletariat from Babeuf, the labor theory of value from Adam Smith, the theory of surplus from Bray and Thompson, the principle of dialectical progress from Hegel. All these components were put togerther in s messianic doctrine . . ." See Karl Marx of page 359 and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_Kapital Capital].

'''across the day''' 
???

'''taken in''' 
Out = alive; in = living dead.

'''Saturday nights''' 
Since "V" Pynchon has presented heavy drinking as a virtue.

This seems like a rather absurd statement to me. (cf. the Anubis and Casino Hermann Goering in GR, the kids in Entropy, Oedipa and Metzger in COL49, u.s.w.)

'''sanctuary''' 
(Why leave free places at all, though?)

'''Chicago-built''' 
Railway hub leads to manufacture of heavy goods.
:built or made in Chicago !

'''Sean O'Farrells''' 
"The popular Shawn O'Farrell was created in Butte, Montana, a straight shot of whiskey followed with a glass of cold beer; it gave birth to the boilermaker." From this [http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/old_west/102390 website] A Google search for Sean O‘Farrell came up with [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1556-1283(194604)5%3A2%3C153%3ATFCATO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y this link] but the contributor is afraid you need a campus-location to access it.

The classic boilermaker (or "boilermaker and its helper") comprises a shot of rye whiskey and a short glass of lager beer. Of course bourbon or Tennessee whiskey may be substituted or, in other traditions, gin, vodka, tequila or even rum. Alternate name: shot and a beer, usually pronounced as one word (first time) or identified by pointing and grunting (subsequent times). Mixing the two beverages yields a ''sidecar.'' Sometimes the boilermaker is prepared by drawing less than a pint of beer in a pint glass, filling a shot glass with whiskey, and sinking one in the other; the dire result is a ''depth charge.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilermaker_(cocktail) See the entertaining Wikipedia entry.] We get forms of the boilermaker at least twice more in ''AtD.''

'''army "A" tents''' 
A-Frame tents are canvas tents supported by a vertical pole at either end and a cord or horizontal pole between the two along the top. When viewed from the entrance end, they form a triangle, hence the name.
[http://coonriver.com/tent.jpg Image of Civil War era A-Frames.]

'''bars had toothmarks''' 
(Patrons so drunk they sit on floor and gnaw edge of bar?)
Maybe many teeth have been knocked out in these bars?

I take it to mean toothmarks from those whose heads were bounced off the bar during a violent confrontation.

....or so drunk they fall face first into it.

==Page 361==

'''Pinkerton and public''' 
Assuming one is willing to take "Pinkerton" as a substitution for "private," it being a "private investigations firm," then this may be an allusion to Jurgen Habermas's work examining the distinction (and frequent lack thereof) between the public and private spheres of social interaction. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas Wikipedia on Habermas].

==Page 363==

'''the Wall''' 
Death?

'''''chavalitos''''' 
Kids (Spanish).

'''calico recital''' 
I.e., wife's conventional plea.

'''side o' beef''' 
She is both rhyming on his name and comparing him to something that one ''hangs.''

'''. . . want to do nothing but be down at them famous little feet''' 
???

==Page 364==

'''Denver''' 
Actually mine school at Golden, 15 miles west?

'''purple... orange''' 
(Clashing colors keep turning up as a motif.)

'''January colt''' 
From the Racecourse Association:
All racehorses are given the nominal birthday of January 1st. Thus a "two-year-old" born in June and one born in January of the same year are considered to be of the same age for the purposes of satisfying the conditions of some races re: weight carried. In reality, the January horse may be considered to have a significant advantage in terms of physical development at this early stage in its career.

'''Borrasca''' 
Borrasca in Spanish means storm, squall, depression, or area of low pressure. But apparently it can also mean an exhausted mine, and 'Going borrasca' means "becoming mined-out". Interestingly, this is very close to the English word 'borassic', ie. out of cash. This comes from Cockney Rhyming Slang: 'boracic lint' meaning 'skint', ie without any money.

==Page 365==

'''Bridget McGonigal''' 
a slide in the San Juans named after a mine owner's wife.
:A real feature?

'''to fill the day''' 
(Day motif.)

==Page 366==

'''sled''' 
(Cf Dally and Frank.)

'''Jake''' 
Okay (slang).

'''dead and gone, and therefore born again''' 
Several characters in ''AtD'' have a similar experience—Lew Basnight on page 185 is an example.

==Page 367==

'''Thrapston Cheesely III''' 
???

'''Madame Aubergine''' 
"Aubergine" is French for eggplant. Cf. p. 67, "'my little eggplant.'"

'''Ruperta Chirpingdon-Groin''' 
???

'''Yup Toy''' 
Expensive yuppie gadget, eg iPod.

'''naphtha-light''' 
Obscure fuel-into-light motif variant.

==Page 368==

'''$3.50-a-quart''' 
About $75 today.

Compare to p.92 where $3.50 is given as a day's wage.

'''an exquisite''' 
one who is overly fastidious in dress or ornament.

'''Monsieur Peychaud''' 
Antoine Amadie Peychaud, a Creole apothecary who moved to New Orleans from the West Indies and set up shop in the French Quarter in the early 1800s. [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/sazerac.html weblink]

'''Sazeracs''' 
A New Orleans cocktail. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sazerac Wikipedia entry].

'''Bob Stockton''' 
???

'''Absinthe Frappés''' 
Read about absinthe in America at [http://www.oxygenee.com/absinthe-americas.html The Virtual Absinthe Museum].

'''...some form of zombie powder''' 
the most common ingredients of Haitian "poudres zombi" [http://science.howstuffworks.com/zombie1.htm according to this website] are [http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?rel-genus=like&rel-species=like&rel-common_name=like&rel-family=equals&rel-ordr=equals&rel-isocc=like&rel-description=like&rel-distribution=like&rel-life_history=like&rel-trends_and_threats=like&rel-relation_to_humans=like&rel-comments=like&query_src=aw_search_index&max=200&orderbyaw=Family&where-genus=Bufo&where-species=marinus&where-common_name=&where-family=Bufonidae&where-ordr=Anura&where-isocc=any&rel-species_account=matchboolean&where-species_account=&rel-declinecauses=equals&where-declinecauses=any&rel-iucn=equals&where-iucn=&rel-cites=equals&where-cites= Canetoad] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyltryptamine DMT], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufotenin Bufotenin], heart [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid steroids]), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pufferfish Pufferfish] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin Tetrotodoxin]) , [http://www.amphibiainfo.com/gallery/anura/hylidae/osteopilus/dominicensis/ Hispaniolan Common Tree Frog] (?) and "Human Remains"(?).

In Colombia the effects of an intoxication with [http://earthops.org/burundanga.html Burundanga] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopolamine Scopolamine]) are described as those of a [http://www.brugerforeningen.dk/bfny.nsf/0/A6CA2207359E19AFC12568C4005E94C8?OpenDocument&K=International%20News&S=UK Zombie Powder]

'''bengaline''' 
A fabric having a crosswise ribbed effect made of silk, wool, or synthetic fibers [http://www.bharattextile.com/dictionary/118 weblink].

'''Medici collar''' 
Medici collar is a flared, fan-shaped collar with a V-opening at the front popular in the 1540s and 1550s after similar styles seen in the portrait of Catherine de Medici in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici Wikipedia].
:[http://www.bharattextile.com/dictionary/118 a few samples here] can't see any collar samples!

'''bastard chinchilla''' 
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinchilla chinchilla] is a rodent with thick, valuable fur. Bastard here means 'false', so the cuffs resemble chinchilla fur but are not truly chinchilla.

'''glissandi''' 
Glissando (plural: glissandi) is a musical term that refers to either a continuous sliding from one pitch to another or an incidental scale played while moving from one melodic note to another. 
''(in fact, "glissando" should not be declined in the plural, so "glissandi" makes no sense at all. "glissando" would be the right word)''

'''whorehouse professor''' 
Just as it was for aeronauts, "Professor" was a customary title for pianists in low surroundings.

'''voodoo''' 
A polytheistic religion practiced chiefly by West-Indian Negroes, deriving principally from African cult worship and containing elements borrowed from the Catholic religion.

==Page 369==

'''cheurice sausage''' 
spelled "chaurice",[typo or variant?],it is a spicy Cajun pork sausage. See "POCHE'S, Smoked Chaurice" at Cajungrocer.com. There is
a Portuguese variant, a garlic sausage with another spelling yet. ''Chouriço.''

'''gumbo''' 
A spicy, hearty stew or soup, found typically on the Gulf of Mexico in the U.S. and very common in Louisiana and the Lowcountry around Charleston, South Carolina. It usually consists of rice and soup, the latter can contain seafood (shrimp, crab or crawfish), fowl (duck, chicken) and other meats.

'''étouffé''' 
Also, étouffée, literally means smothered, choked off. It is a Creole [[ATD_26-56#Page_29|seafood dish—see annotation to p. 29]]—a tangy tomato-based sauce, typically served over rice, similar to gumbo, very popular in New Orlean. The usual staple of an étouffée is crawfish, whereas shrimp or crabmeat are more often found in gumbos.

'''sassafras''' 
A genus of two species of deciduous trees in the family Lauraceae. It's root, bark, wood and leaves have many usages: perfumes, insect repellent, soft drink (root beer), dye, drugs and many others. The leaves are used for thickening sauces and soups, and when dried and ground are known as filé powder, a spice used in Cajun, Creole and other Louisiana cooking.

'''Italian Troubles''' 
The Mafia first gained American attention via New Orleans at that time. In 1890, a New Orleans Police Superintendent was killed. Nineteen Sicilians were indicted and aquitted (bribes and jury tampering were rumored). After the acquittal, a lynch mob dispatched most of the defendents.

'''''Va fongool-a''''' 
The original Italian phrase is "Va' a fare in culo" (usually shortened in "Vaffanculo", which is closer to the text rendition) meaning literally "go do it in the ass", or simply "fuck you."

'''Maman Tant Gras Hall''' 
Mama-So-Fat Hall.

'''''guignette''''' 
A [http://www.ornitho-digiscoping.tramelan.ch/pages_des_especes/chevalier_guignette.htm guignette] is a bird, a sandpiper. A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinguette guinguette] is a cabaret. Looks like another printing error.

'''"Dope" Breedlove and his Merry Coons''' 
Dope breeds love? Maybe Pynchon is lampooning the vicious stereotyping of the whole act, i.e. Those who named them consider them dumb,happy,love breeding black folk. For a partial list of coon references in ''AtD,'' [[ATD_26-56#Page_48|see annotation to p. 48.]]

'''cataplexy''' 
Sudden loss of muscle power following a strong emotional stimulus.

'''traps''' 
Equipment, gear, luggage.

==Page 370==

'''Ramos gin fizz''' 
Another New Orleans cocktail. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramos_gin_fizz Wikipedia entry].

'''Anarchist theory''' 
At the core of anarchist thought lies the contention that all forms of domination are hateful, that government is not just unnecessary but harmful. Early believers in England and France held that the workers should avoid involvment in parliamentary politics, and should liberate themselves by direct action on the streets and in the factories. As a result of an extreme reaction against the extreme autocracy of the Russian Empire, two Russian famous anarchists, Mikhail Bakunin (1814-76) and Prince Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921), proclaimed that anarchists organize in order to destroy states. German anarchist Max Sirner (1806-56) stressed the absolute rights of the individual to freedom from institutional control. This principle ruled out any chance of an effective anarchist organization. Anarchism inspired the birth of modern terrorism. The idea was that sensational acts of murder or destruction would publicize injustice, break the resolve of government policy, and shatter the nerve of the ruling elite. (taken from Norman Davies' ''Europe: A History'' (1996).)

'''Benjamin Tucker''' 
1854-1939, American individualist anarchist. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker Wikipedia].

'''Land League''' 
The Irish Land League. It was an Irish political organization ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Land_league Land League]) of the late 19th centruy aimed to abolish landlordism in Irland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period (1870s, 1880s and 1890s) of the Land League's agitation is known in Irland as the Land War, actually not a "war" but rather a prolonged period of civil unrest
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_war Land War]).

'''Jass''' 
An article in the OED on the etymology of the word Jazz by a Bob Rigter traces the word to French "Chasser" and says the word "jass' was in use in New Orleans around 1900! 
"The Grand Larousse de la Langua Française (1971) derives CHASSER from Classical Latin CAPTARE. It provides two related meanings: 'chercher à prendre' and 'pousser devant soi, obliger à avancer ... faire avancer rapidement'. Clearly, the first can be related to the sexual connotation, and the second to the rhythmical connotation of the word JASS as it was used in New Orleans round 1900." 
The OED lists the earliest print usage of "Jazz," originally a dance and not, as in current use, the musical form, as 1909. The exact dating of this episode is unclear, though it seems likely to have occurred earlier.
The usage is not anachronistic though its precise usage(as a musical form rather than a dance)may be unknown. As for the unusual spelling, the OED lists "Jass" as a variant, though with no information as to where or when it was prevalent. see OED article above.

'''Wolfe Tone O'Rooney''' 
The author probably had Theobald Wolfe Tone, commonly known as Wolfe Tone, in mind when he created Wolfe Tone O'Rooney. Theobald Wolfe Tone (1763-98), an Irish revolutionary and one of the founders of the Society of United Irishmen ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_the_United_Irishmen United Irishmen]) in 1791. The society envisioned the union of Protestant and Catholic Irland to work toward constitutional independence as a republic on the model of the United States. In 1795 it shifted from a constitutional to a revolutionary approach. Mr. Tone was inspired with republican idealism by the successes of the American Revolution and by the apparent success of the French Revolution. He was instrumental in several abortive attempts to secure French support for Irish revolution in the 1790s. Wolfe Tone was captured at sea during one of these attempts (1798 Irish Rebellion) and sentenced to death for high treason. He committed suicide, allegedly by cutting his own throat, in prison in Dublin. Wolfe Tone is worshiped in Irland as an iconic figure and the father of Irish Republicanism. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobald_Wolfe_Tone Wolfe Tone]).

Wolf tones appear in music as well, as unwanted resonances in stringed instruments ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_tone Wikipedia]) and as artifacts of [http://www.albany.edu/piporg-l/tmprment.html temperament].

'''Fenian''' 
Term (often derogatory) for Irish nationalists. Thought to be derived from the name of the mercenary tribes who protected the king of Eire.

'''boycotting''' 
The word boycott arose in the autumn of 1880 to describe the action instituted by the Irish Land League towards those who incurred its hostility and is derived from the name of Captain Charles Boycott (1832-79), an English estate agent of an absentee landlord, the Earl Erne. Captain Boycott not only refused the protesting farmers' demand of rent reduction but also ejected them from the land. Organized by the Land League, he was subject to social ostracism; the Land League proclaimed: "Let every man in the parish turn his back on him; have no communications with him; have no dealings with him". His workers stopped working in the house, in the field and the house. Local bussinessmen stopped trading with him and the postman refused to delivery his mails. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boycott Wikipedia].

'''"Sligo and Tipperary"''' 
Counties in Ireland. Wikipedia pages for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sligo Sligo] and for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipperary Tipperary].

'''. . . a metaphorical device whose tenor . . .''' 
Refers to I.A. Richards' identification of metaphor as two discrete elements, "tenor" and "vehicle." In "my love is a rose," "my love" is the tenor, "a rose," the vehicle (see the Wikipedia entry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphor Metaphor] for more). The reference to tenor is a reminder that metaphor is itself a doubling, refractory device.

==Page 371==

'''Red Onion''' 
New Orleans night club on Rampart Street. In the "Back o Town" district, also called the "colored red light district," it was in its day quite a dive. Still in operation.

'''the Deux Espèces''' 
French: the Two Species. In Roman Catholic liturgy, ''la sainte Communion sous les deux espèces'' is "Holy Communion under both kinds," that is, when the communicant receives both the wine and the Host.

'''Flaco''' 
Skinny man (Spanish) or, as a ''nom de guerre,'' "Slim."

==Page 372==

'''"the more repressive the State is, the closer life under it resembles Death"''' 
An allusion to the theories of Mexican-American psychoanalyst Norman O. Brown, whose works, [http://www.amazon.com/Life-Against-Death-Psychoanalytical-Meaning/dp/0819561444/ref=pd_sim_b_1/002-6565825-6477661 ''Life Against Death''] (1959) and [http://www.amazon.com/Loves-Body-Reissue-Norman-Brown/dp/0520071069/sr=8-1/qid=1168179129/ref=sr_1_1/002-6565825-6477661?ie=UTF8&s=books ''Love's Body''] (1966) were an important influence on ''Gravity's Rainbow''. Brown, elaborating on and radicalizing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freud%2C_Sigmund Freud's] theories of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_drive death drive] as discussed in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization_and_Its_Discontents ''Civilization and Its Discontents''] (1930), argues that all submission to the state necessarily constitutes a form of psychic repression. Brown saw this repression as resulting from a desire for and ultimately being tantamount to death.
:Those interested should seek out Lawrence C. Wolfley's excellent article "Repression's Rainbow: The Presence of Norman O. Brown in Pynchon's Big Novel," first published in ''PMLA'', Vol. 92, No. 5 (Oct., 1977), pp. 873-889, but reprinted frequently.

'''the bombing of the Teatro Lyceo during a performance of Rossini's opera ''William Tell''''' 
On November 7, 1893, the opening night of the season, an anarchist dissident threw two bombs into the Barcelona opera house; only one bomb exploded, killing twenty and injuring many more.

"Lyceum" (Catalan ''liceu,'' Spanish ''liceo'' or ''lyceo,'' French ''lycée,'' etc.) varies in meaning from country to country. [http://www.apologetics.org/glossary.html The original Lyceum] was the Athens garden where Aristotle taught. In some places the word refers to a secondary school, in others a cultural institution. Lyceum is among the most popular names for theaters in the English-speaking world.

Wikipedia has possibly redundant entries for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Teatre_del_Liceu the Opera House], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona Barcelona], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gioacchino_Rossini Rossini], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tell_%28opera%29 ''William Tell''], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatori_Superior_de_M%C3%BAsica_del_Liceu Barcelona's Conservatori Superior de Música del Liceu], the musical conservatory for which the Teatro was built.

'''Montjuich''' 
Catalan for "Hill of the Jews," a broad hill overlooking Barcelona, atop which a 17th century fortress sits. The fortress shelled the city in 1842 following a popular uprising and was used through the reign of Franco to hold political prisoners. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montjuich Wikipedia].

'''latifundios''' 
Spanish landed estates, a remnant of the Roman social order. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latifundios Wikipedia].

'''Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley''' 
Leon Czolgosz, the son of a Polish immigrant in Detroit, MI, shot and mortally wounded President McKinley on September 6, 1901 in Buffalo, New York, at the Temple of Music at the Pan-American Exhibition, a World's Fair held in Buffalo because it could be powered by electricity from Niagara Falls. McKinley died on September 16. Czolgosz was quickly found guilty and was executed by electrocution October 29, 1901. Wikipedia entries for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Czolgosz Czolgosz], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley McKinley], and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American_Exposition Pan-American Exposition].

'''the Paris Commune''' 
The "socialist government that briefly ruled Paris from 18 March (more formally from 26 March) to 28 May 1871," cited from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_commune Wikipedia].

==Page 373==

'''a single point . . . upon the next''' 
That is, a place that that is beyond time, where the movement of the meridians (lines of longitude) have no effect. The only part of the earth where this is literally true is the axis. See, therefore, the Chums' journey through the Telluric Interior," pp. 114-18.

'''''Despedida''''' 
Goodbye (Spanish).

'''beignets''' 
New Orleans-style square, holeless doughnuts usually sprinkled with powdered sugar, famously served at Cafe Du Monde. [http://www.cafedumonde.com/ Website].

'''Bakunin''' 
Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876), Russian anarchist and revolutionary. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakunin Wikipedia entry].

'''Kropotkin''' 
Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921), Russian prince and anarchist, author of ''Mutual Aid.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin Wikipedia entry].

'''Eusebio Gómez''' 
Wolfe Tone takes a historic name. In 1815 Eusebio Gómez received a royal land grant that included now-prosperous Jupiter Island, Florida. The land was later subdivided and, around 1900, a British development company acquired it.

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Sp., "at your service."

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 358-373

2007-07-17T08:50:11Z

Sonni: /* Page 368 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 358==

'''Camp Bird''' 
Camp Bird Mine, Ouray, Ouray County, CO, is a gold-zinc-silver-lead-copper mine operated from 1896 to 1990. It located six miles south of Ouray and produced yearly 1.5 million ounces of gold and 4 million ounces of silver until 1990. [http://www.mindat.org/loc-8702.html Camp Bird].

'''Archie Dipple''' 
???

'''". . . camel herd imported years ago . . ."''' 
Camels were imported in 1855 for use by the U.S. Army as pack animals. They were quite capable, but the Army eventually abandoned them around the Civil War. Those that escaped became a feral population that survived in the Southwest until 1941. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Camel_Corps Wikipedia]

'''kids in cylindrical hats''' 
hotel pageboys. [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=hotel+pageboy pix]

==Page 359==

'''bunco-steerer''' 
A con man or fraudster, but the use here seems less malicious than usual.

'''Macking for a mack''' 
Pimping for a pimp. Mack: a pimp (from English ''mackerel'' or French ''maquereau'').

'''Karl Marx''' 
Karl Marx (1818-83) German socialist and economist, founder of modern international Communism. The son of a Jewish lawyer, studied law at Bonn and Berlin but took up history, philosophy and Feuerbach's materialism. Moved to Paris in 1843 after his radical newspaper was closed by the German authority. Expelled from Paris in 1845 for his radical jounalism he moved to Brussels. Based on study of the French Revolution, together with fellow exile, Friedrich Engels (1920-95), they wrote the famous ''Communist Manifesto'' (1848), [http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/classics/manifesto.html manifesto], a masterpiece of political proganganda and intellectual brow-beating. It begins with 'A spectre is haunting Europe, the spectre of communism.' It goes on to attack the state as a mere instrument of oppression, religion and culture are mere ideologies of the capitalist class. It ends with 'The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains . . . Working men of all countries, unite!' The immediate result was Marx's expulsion from Brussels. He and his family finally settled in London where, after 30 years lonely study in the British Museum reading room, he produced his life work, ''Das Kapital'' (Capital, 3 vols., 1867-94). ''Das Kapital'' (Cf page 360) was unfinished when Marx died in 1883, his disciple and collaborator, Engels completed the work. In it Marx argues that capitalist expandsion depends on surplus value, capitalist competition is only successful at the expense of the worker, the antagonisms must inevitably lead to revolution and the extinction of the capitalist class, which ultimately lead ot a classless society. Marx had little to do with practical politics. The intellectual rigous of Marxism proved to be far inferior to its emotive power. To his followers and disciples, dreaming of social justice and never giving a moment's critical thought to his writings, Marx provided them with yet another substitute religion. 
It should be noted that "Marxism" as it is commonly known today (oversimplified to meet the practical needs of the communist movement) is quite different from Marx's original oeuvre, which, apart from the ''Communist Manifesto'' and some textbook excerpts, was seldom read by rank-and-file party members (or leaders, for that matter). His view of society as a dynamic system of interacting objective forces, with economy as the decisive factor, was an important step forward in social thinking. Also his early, unpublished writings are stimulating excursions into post-Hegelian philosophical anthropology. His influence is unmistakable in the works of such 20th century intellectual gurus as Sartre, Habermas, or Bourdieu. He was also a sharp political journalist, catering for, paradoxically, a middle-class audience. For more of [http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/marx.html Marx].

==Page 360==

'''Capital''' 
The ''magnum opus'' of German socialist Karl Marx (1818-83), ''Das Kapital'' (Capital, 3 vols. 1867-94). According to Norman Davies of University of London, ''Capital'' was a "sustained exercise in speculative social philosophy, a rambling jumble of brilliant insights and turgid pedantry. It borrowed a number of disparate ideas current at the time, and reassembled them in the original combination of 'dialectical materialism'. Marx aimed to create the same sort of universal theory for human society that Darwin had done for natural history; . . . He took the subject of materialist history from Feuerbach, the class struggle from Saint-Simon, the dictatorship of the proletariat from Babeuf, the labor theory of value from Adam Smith, the theory of surplus from Bray and Thompson, the principle of dialectical progress from Hegel. All these components were put togerther in s messianic doctrine . . ." See Karl Marx of page 359 and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_Kapital Capital].

'''across the day''' 
???

'''taken in''' 
Out = alive; in = living dead.

'''Saturday nights''' 
Since "V" Pynchon has presented heavy drinking as a virtue.

This seems like a rather absurd statement to me. (cf. the Anubis and Casino Hermann Goering in GR, the kids in Entropy, Oedipa and Metzger in COL49, u.s.w.)

'''sanctuary''' 
(Why leave free places at all, though?)

'''Chicago-built''' 
Railway hub leads to manufacture of heavy goods.
:built or made in Chicago !

'''Sean O'Farrells''' 
"The popular Shawn O'Farrell was created in Butte, Montana, a straight shot of whiskey followed with a glass of cold beer; it gave birth to the boilermaker." From this [http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/old_west/102390 website] A Google search for Sean O‘Farrell came up with [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1556-1283(194604)5%3A2%3C153%3ATFCATO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y this link] but the contributor is afraid you need a campus-location to access it.

The classic boilermaker (or "boilermaker and its helper") comprises a shot of rye whiskey and a short glass of lager beer. Of course bourbon or Tennessee whiskey may be substituted or, in other traditions, gin, vodka, tequila or even rum. Alternate name: shot and a beer, usually pronounced as one word (first time) or identified by pointing and grunting (subsequent times). Mixing the two beverages yields a ''sidecar.'' Sometimes the boilermaker is prepared by drawing less than a pint of beer in a pint glass, filling a shot glass with whiskey, and sinking one in the other; the dire result is a ''depth charge.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilermaker_(cocktail) See the entertaining Wikipedia entry.] We get forms of the boilermaker at least twice more in ''AtD.''

'''army "A" tents''' 
A-Frame tents are canvas tents supported by a vertical pole at either end and a cord or horizontal pole between the two along the top. When viewed from the entrance end, they form a triangle, hence the name.
[http://coonriver.com/tent.jpg Image of Civil War era A-Frames.]

'''bars had toothmarks''' 
(Patrons so drunk they sit on floor and gnaw edge of bar?)
Maybe many teeth have been knocked out in these bars?

I take it to mean toothmarks from those whose heads were bounced off the bar during a violent confrontation.

....or so drunk they fall face first into it.

==Page 361==

'''Pinkerton and public''' 
Assuming one is willing to take "Pinkerton" as a substitution for "private," it being a "private investigations firm," then this may be an allusion to Jurgen Habermas's work examining the distinction (and frequent lack thereof) between the public and private spheres of social interaction. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas Wikipedia on Habermas].

==Page 363==

'''the Wall''' 
Death?

'''''chavalitos''''' 
Kids (Spanish).

'''calico recital''' 
I.e., wife's conventional plea.

'''side o' beef''' 
She is both rhyming on his name and comparing him to something that one ''hangs.''

'''. . . want to do nothing but be down at them famous little feet''' 
???

==Page 364==

'''Denver''' 
Actually mine school at Golden, 15 miles west?

'''purple... orange''' 
(Clashing colors keep turning up as a motif.)

'''January colt''' 
From the Racecourse Association:
All racehorses are given the nominal birthday of January 1st. Thus a "two-year-old" born in June and one born in January of the same year are considered to be of the same age for the purposes of satisfying the conditions of some races re: weight carried. In reality, the January horse may be considered to have a significant advantage in terms of physical development at this early stage in its career.

'''Borrasca''' 
Borrasca in Spanish means storm, squall, depression, or area of low pressure. But apparently it can also mean an exhausted mine, and 'Going borrasca' means "becoming mined-out". Interestingly, this is very close to the English word 'borassic', ie. out of cash. This comes from Cockney Rhyming Slang: 'boracic lint' meaning 'skint', ie without any money.

==Page 365==

'''Bridget McGonigal''' 
a slide in the San Juans named after a mine owner's wife.
:A real feature?

'''to fill the day''' 
(Day motif.)

==Page 366==

'''sled''' 
(Cf Dally and Frank.)

'''Jake''' 
Okay (slang).

'''dead and gone, and therefore born again''' 
Several characters in ''AtD'' have a similar experience—Lew Basnight on page 185 is an example.

==Page 367==

'''Thrapston Cheesely III''' 
???

'''Madame Aubergine''' 
"Aubergine" is French for eggplant. Cf. p. 67, "'my little eggplant.'"

'''Ruperta Chirpingdon-Groin''' 
???

'''Yup Toy''' 
Expensive yuppie gadget, eg iPod.

'''naphtha-light''' 
Obscure fuel-into-light motif variant.

==Page 368==

'''$3.50-a-quart''' 
About $75 today.

Compare to p.92 where $3.50 is given as a day's wage.

'''an exquisite''' 
one who is overly fastidious in dress or ornament.

'''Monsieur Peychaud''' 
Antoine Amadie Peychaud, a Creole apothecary who moved to New Orleans from the West Indies and set up shop in the French Quarter in the early 1800s. [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/sazerac.html weblink]

'''Sazeracs''' 
A New Orleans cocktail. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sazerac Wikipedia entry].

'''Bob Stockton''' 
???

'''Absinthe Frappés''' 
Read about absinthe in America at [http://www.oxygenee.com/absinthe-americas.html The Virtual Absinthe Museum].

'''...some form of zombie powder''' 
the most common ingredients of Haitian "poudres zombi" [http://science.howstuffworks.com/zombie1.htm according to this website] are [http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?rel-genus=like&rel-species=like&rel-common_name=like&rel-family=equals&rel-ordr=equals&rel-isocc=like&rel-description=like&rel-distribution=like&rel-life_history=like&rel-trends_and_threats=like&rel-relation_to_humans=like&rel-comments=like&query_src=aw_search_index&max=200&orderbyaw=Family&where-genus=Bufo&where-species=marinus&where-common_name=&where-family=Bufonidae&where-ordr=Anura&where-isocc=any&rel-species_account=matchboolean&where-species_account=&rel-declinecauses=equals&where-declinecauses=any&rel-iucn=equals&where-iucn=&rel-cites=equals&where-cites= Canetoad] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyltryptamine DMT], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufotenin Bufotenin], heart [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid steroids]), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pufferfish Pufferfish] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin Tetrotodoxin]) , [http://www.amphibiainfo.com/gallery/anura/hylidae/osteopilus/dominicensis/ Hispaniolan Common Tree Frog] (?) and "Human Remains"(?).

In Colombia the effects of an intoxication with [http://earthops.org/burundanga.html Burundanga] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopolamine Scopolamine]) are described as those of a [http://www.brugerforeningen.dk/bfny.nsf/0/A6CA2207359E19AFC12568C4005E94C8?OpenDocument&K=International%20News&S=UK Zombie Powder]

'''bengaline''' 
A fabric having a crosswise ribbed effect made of silk, wool, or synthetic fibers [http://www.bharattextile.com/dictionary/118 weblink].

'''Medici collar''' 
Medici collar is a flared, fan-shaped collar with a V-opening at the front popular in the 1540s and 1550s after similar styles seen in the portrait of Catherine de Medici in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici Wikipedia].
:[http://www.bharattextile.com/dictionary/118 a few samples here] can't see any collar samples!

'''bastard chinchilla''' 
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinchilla chinchilla] is a rodent with thick, valuable fur. Bastard here means 'false', so the cuffs resemble chinchilla fur but are not truly chinchilla.

'''glissandi''' 
Glissando (plural: glissandi) is a musical term that refers to either a continuous sliding from one pitch to another or an incidental scale played while moving from one melodic note to another. 
''(in fact, "glissando" should not be declined in the plural, so "glissandi" makes no sense at all. "glissando" would be the right word)''

'''whorehouse professor''' 
Just as it was for aeronauts, "Professor" was a customary title for pianists in low surroundings.

'''voodoo''' 
A polytheistic religion practiced chiefly by West-Indian Negroes, deriving principally from African cult worship and containing elements borrowed from the Catholic religion.

==Page 369==

'''cheurice sausage''' 
spelled "chaurice",[typo or variant?],it is a spicy Cajun pork sausage. See "POCHE'S, Smoked Chaurice" at Cajungrocer.com. There is
a Portuguese variant, a garlic sausage with another spelling yet. ''Chouriço.''

'''gumbo''' 
A spicy, hearty stew or soup, found typically on the Gulf of Mexico in the U.S. and very common in Louisiana and the Lowcountry around Charleston, South Carolina. It usually consists of rice and soup, the latter can contain seafood (shrimp, crab or crawfish), fowl (duck, chicken) and other meats.

'''étouffé''' 
Also, étouffée, literally means smothered, choked off. It is a Creole [[ATD_26-56#Page_29|seafood dish—see annotation to p. 29]]—a tangy tomato-based sauce, typically served over rice, similar to gumbo, very popular in New Orlean. The usual staple of an étouffée is crawfish, whereas shrimp or crabmeat are more often found in gumbos.

'''sassafras''' 
A genus of two species of deciduous trees in the family Lauraceae. It's root, bark, wood and leaves have many usages: perfumes, insect repellent, soft drink (root beer), dye, drugs and many others. The leaves are used for thickening sauces and soups, and when dried and ground are known as filé powder, a spice used in Cajun, Creole and other Louisiana cooking.

'''Italian Troubles''' 
The Mafia first gained American attention via New Orleans at that time. In 1890, a New Orleans Police Superintendent was killed. Nineteen Sicilians were indicted and aquitted (bribes and jury tampering were rumored). After the acquittal, a lynch mob dispatched most of the defendents.

'''''Va fongool-a''''' 
The original Italian phrase is "Va'a fare in culo" meaning literally "go do it in the ass", or simply "fuck you."

'''Maman Tant Gras Hall''' 
Mama-So-Fat Hall.

'''''guignette''''' 
A [http://www.ornitho-digiscoping.tramelan.ch/pages_des_especes/chevalier_guignette.htm guignette] is a bird, a sandpiper. A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinguette guinguette] is a cabaret. Looks like another printing error.

'''"Dope" Breedlove and his Merry Coons''' 
Dope breeds love? Maybe Pynchon is lampooning the vicious stereotyping of the whole act, i.e. Those who named them consider them dumb,happy,love breeding black folk. For a partial list of coon references in ''AtD,'' [[ATD_26-56#Page_48|see annotation to p. 48.]]

'''cataplexy''' 
Sudden loss of muscle power following a strong emotional stimulus.

'''traps''' 
Equipment, gear, luggage.

==Page 370==

'''Ramos gin fizz''' 
Another New Orleans cocktail. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramos_gin_fizz Wikipedia entry].

'''Anarchist theory''' 
At the core of anarchist thought lies the contention that all forms of domination are hateful, that government is not just unnecessary but harmful. Early believers in England and France held that the workers should avoid involvment in parliamentary politics, and should liberate themselves by direct action on the streets and in the factories. As a result of an extreme reaction against the extreme autocracy of the Russian Empire, two Russian famous anarchists, Mikhail Bakunin (1814-76) and Prince Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921), proclaimed that anarchists organize in order to destroy states. German anarchist Max Sirner (1806-56) stressed the absolute rights of the individual to freedom from institutional control. This principle ruled out any chance of an effective anarchist organization. Anarchism inspired the birth of modern terrorism. The idea was that sensational acts of murder or destruction would publicize injustice, break the resolve of government policy, and shatter the nerve of the ruling elite. (taken from Norman Davies' ''Europe: A History'' (1996).)

'''Benjamin Tucker''' 
1854-1939, American individualist anarchist. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker Wikipedia].

'''Land League''' 
The Irish Land League. It was an Irish political organization ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Land_league Land League]) of the late 19th centruy aimed to abolish landlordism in Irland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period (1870s, 1880s and 1890s) of the Land League's agitation is known in Irland as the Land War, actually not a "war" but rather a prolonged period of civil unrest
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_war Land War]).

'''Jass''' 
An article in the OED on the etymology of the word Jazz by a Bob Rigter traces the word to French "Chasser" and says the word "jass' was in use in New Orleans around 1900! 
"The Grand Larousse de la Langua Française (1971) derives CHASSER from Classical Latin CAPTARE. It provides two related meanings: 'chercher à prendre' and 'pousser devant soi, obliger à avancer ... faire avancer rapidement'. Clearly, the first can be related to the sexual connotation, and the second to the rhythmical connotation of the word JASS as it was used in New Orleans round 1900." 
The OED lists the earliest print usage of "Jazz," originally a dance and not, as in current use, the musical form, as 1909. The exact dating of this episode is unclear, though it seems likely to have occurred earlier.
The usage is not anachronistic though its precise usage(as a musical form rather than a dance)may be unknown. As for the unusual spelling, the OED lists "Jass" as a variant, though with no information as to where or when it was prevalent. see OED article above.

'''Wolfe Tone O'Rooney''' 
The author probably had Theobald Wolfe Tone, commonly known as Wolfe Tone, in mind when he created Wolfe Tone O'Rooney. Theobald Wolfe Tone (1763-98), an Irish revolutionary and one of the founders of the Society of United Irishmen ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_the_United_Irishmen United Irishmen]) in 1791. The society envisioned the union of Protestant and Catholic Irland to work toward constitutional independence as a republic on the model of the United States. In 1795 it shifted from a constitutional to a revolutionary approach. Mr. Tone was inspired with republican idealism by the successes of the American Revolution and by the apparent success of the French Revolution. He was instrumental in several abortive attempts to secure French support for Irish revolution in the 1790s. Wolfe Tone was captured at sea during one of these attempts (1798 Irish Rebellion) and sentenced to death for high treason. He committed suicide, allegedly by cutting his own throat, in prison in Dublin. Wolfe Tone is worshiped in Irland as an iconic figure and the father of Irish Republicanism. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobald_Wolfe_Tone Wolfe Tone]).

Wolf tones appear in music as well, as unwanted resonances in stringed instruments ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_tone Wikipedia]) and as artifacts of [http://www.albany.edu/piporg-l/tmprment.html temperament].

'''Fenian''' 
Term (often derogatory) for Irish nationalists. Thought to be derived from the name of the mercenary tribes who protected the king of Eire.

'''boycotting''' 
The word boycott arose in the autumn of 1880 to describe the action instituted by the Irish Land League towards those who incurred its hostility and is derived from the name of Captain Charles Boycott (1832-79), an English estate agent of an absentee landlord, the Earl Erne. Captain Boycott not only refused the protesting farmers' demand of rent reduction but also ejected them from the land. Organized by the Land League, he was subject to social ostracism; the Land League proclaimed: "Let every man in the parish turn his back on him; have no communications with him; have no dealings with him". His workers stopped working in the house, in the field and the house. Local bussinessmen stopped trading with him and the postman refused to delivery his mails. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boycott Wikipedia].

'''"Sligo and Tipperary"''' 
Counties in Ireland. Wikipedia pages for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sligo Sligo] and for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipperary Tipperary].

'''. . . a metaphorical device whose tenor . . .''' 
Refers to I.A. Richards' identification of metaphor as two discrete elements, "tenor" and "vehicle." In "my love is a rose," "my love" is the tenor, "a rose," the vehicle (see the Wikipedia entry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphor Metaphor] for more). The reference to tenor is a reminder that metaphor is itself a doubling, refractory device.

==Page 371==

'''Red Onion''' 
New Orleans night club on Rampart Street. In the "Back o Town" district, also called the "colored red light district," it was in its day quite a dive. Still in operation.

'''the Deux Espèces''' 
French: the Two Species. In Roman Catholic liturgy, ''la sainte Communion sous les deux espèces'' is "Holy Communion under both kinds," that is, when the communicant receives both the wine and the Host.

'''Flaco''' 
Skinny man (Spanish) or, as a ''nom de guerre,'' "Slim."

==Page 372==

'''"the more repressive the State is, the closer life under it resembles Death"''' 
An allusion to the theories of Mexican-American psychoanalyst Norman O. Brown, whose works, [http://www.amazon.com/Life-Against-Death-Psychoanalytical-Meaning/dp/0819561444/ref=pd_sim_b_1/002-6565825-6477661 ''Life Against Death''] (1959) and [http://www.amazon.com/Loves-Body-Reissue-Norman-Brown/dp/0520071069/sr=8-1/qid=1168179129/ref=sr_1_1/002-6565825-6477661?ie=UTF8&s=books ''Love's Body''] (1966) were an important influence on ''Gravity's Rainbow''. Brown, elaborating on and radicalizing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freud%2C_Sigmund Freud's] theories of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_drive death drive] as discussed in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization_and_Its_Discontents ''Civilization and Its Discontents''] (1930), argues that all submission to the state necessarily constitutes a form of psychic repression. Brown saw this repression as resulting from a desire for and ultimately being tantamount to death.
:Those interested should seek out Lawrence C. Wolfley's excellent article "Repression's Rainbow: The Presence of Norman O. Brown in Pynchon's Big Novel," first published in ''PMLA'', Vol. 92, No. 5 (Oct., 1977), pp. 873-889, but reprinted frequently.

'''the bombing of the Teatro Lyceo during a performance of Rossini's opera ''William Tell''''' 
On November 7, 1893, the opening night of the season, an anarchist dissident threw two bombs into the Barcelona opera house; only one bomb exploded, killing twenty and injuring many more.

"Lyceum" (Catalan ''liceu,'' Spanish ''liceo'' or ''lyceo,'' French ''lycée,'' etc.) varies in meaning from country to country. [http://www.apologetics.org/glossary.html The original Lyceum] was the Athens garden where Aristotle taught. In some places the word refers to a secondary school, in others a cultural institution. Lyceum is among the most popular names for theaters in the English-speaking world.

Wikipedia has possibly redundant entries for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Teatre_del_Liceu the Opera House], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona Barcelona], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gioacchino_Rossini Rossini], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tell_%28opera%29 ''William Tell''], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatori_Superior_de_M%C3%BAsica_del_Liceu Barcelona's Conservatori Superior de Música del Liceu], the musical conservatory for which the Teatro was built.

'''Montjuich''' 
Catalan for "Hill of the Jews," a broad hill overlooking Barcelona, atop which a 17th century fortress sits. The fortress shelled the city in 1842 following a popular uprising and was used through the reign of Franco to hold political prisoners. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montjuich Wikipedia].

'''latifundios''' 
Spanish landed estates, a remnant of the Roman social order. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latifundios Wikipedia].

'''Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley''' 
Leon Czolgosz, the son of a Polish immigrant in Detroit, MI, shot and mortally wounded President McKinley on September 6, 1901 in Buffalo, New York, at the Temple of Music at the Pan-American Exhibition, a World's Fair held in Buffalo because it could be powered by electricity from Niagara Falls. McKinley died on September 16. Czolgosz was quickly found guilty and was executed by electrocution October 29, 1901. Wikipedia entries for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Czolgosz Czolgosz], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley McKinley], and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American_Exposition Pan-American Exposition].

'''the Paris Commune''' 
The "socialist government that briefly ruled Paris from 18 March (more formally from 26 March) to 28 May 1871," cited from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_commune Wikipedia].

==Page 373==

'''a single point . . . upon the next''' 
That is, a place that that is beyond time, where the movement of the meridians (lines of longitude) have no effect. The only part of the earth where this is literally true is the axis. See, therefore, the Chums' journey through the Telluric Interior," pp. 114-18.

'''''Despedida''''' 
Goodbye (Spanish).

'''beignets''' 
New Orleans-style square, holeless doughnuts usually sprinkled with powdered sugar, famously served at Cafe Du Monde. [http://www.cafedumonde.com/ Website].

'''Bakunin''' 
Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876), Russian anarchist and revolutionary. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakunin Wikipedia entry].

'''Kropotkin''' 
Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921), Russian prince and anarchist, author of ''Mutual Aid.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin Wikipedia entry].

'''Eusebio Gómez''' 
Wolfe Tone takes a historic name. In 1815 Eusebio Gómez received a royal land grant that included now-prosperous Jupiter Island, Florida. The land was later subdivided and, around 1900, a British development company acquired it.

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Sp., "at your service."

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 318-335

2007-07-17T08:45:10Z

Sonni: /* Page 323 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 318==
'''Yale... how little the place was about studying and learning''' 
Pynchon's sustained attack on Yale follows his treatment of Harvard in GR -- "'Harvard's there for other reasons. The "educating" part of it is just sort of a front'" (GR 193).
:I wonder if Pynchon's skewering of the Ivies is tied to both his admiration for ''The Education of Henry Adams'' (Adams said that at Harvard, he got little from his professors and less from his classmates) and Pynchon's autodidacticism. [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]] 20:55, 10 May 2007 (PDT)

'''Kabbalah''' 
Jewish mysticism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabbalah Wikipedia]. Also see p.227: 'Kabbalist Tree of Life' tattooed 'below Madame Eskimoff's bared nape.'

'''latent in the Maxwell Field Equations years before Hertz found them''' 
Physics lore says that Maxwell's Equations, written to illuminate processes in fairly slow systems, were at first regarded as having fantastical solutions that predicted undetectable waves in the æther. No one until Hertz connected the equations with observed electromagnetic vibrations (and ultimately with light waves).

'''Hertz''' 
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857-94), German physicist, born at Hamburg, studied under Kirchhoff and Helmholtz, and ultimately became professor at Bonn in 1899. In 1887 he realized Maxwell's predictions, by his fundamental discovery of electromagnetic waves, which, excepting wavelength, behave like light waves. The wave frequency unit, ''hertz'', cycle per second, was named after him in 1930. A crater at the far side of the Moon, just behind the eastern rim, was named in his honor. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz Hertz]].

'''Shunkichi Kimura''' 
Shunkichi Kimura is mentioned in [http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~ve3m-snd/japan.html this] article on Tesla's relationship with Japan. Cf [[ATD_26-56#Page 29|page 29]].

'''war with Russia''' 
10 February 1904. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War Wikipedia].
:The Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) actually started on 8 February,1904 (11:50 pm Manchuria Ttme; 12:20 am, 9 February, Tokyo time) with a Japanese sneak, naval night-attack on the Russian fleet anchored at Port Arthur, Manchuria. The war was then officially declared by the Japanese Government on 10 February, 1904, long after the first Port Arthur Naval Battle had ended in Japan's advantage.

'''Gibbs had died''' 
28 April 1903. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Gibbs Wikipedia] Pynchon's interest in Gibbs may stem from Gibbs's work in thermodynamics, particularly entropy, a theme that pervades Pynchon's work.

'''high-hat''' 
[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/high-hat High-hat] is an adjective in this context and so means snobbish; haughty.

==Page 319==

'''"he [would later ask] why did I want ''that'' so much?"''' 
Similar to a comment by Siegel in his Playboy article: (to paraphrase from memory) Pynchon was disappointed that he was not admitted to a fraternity at Cornell, but he lacked the crude sociability for that.

'''eyes in leafy ambuscade''' 
eyes behind a bush (with leaves) waiting in [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ambush ambush], (a bit of a pun) in the sense of the hiding place used for the surprise attack (no surprise attack in this context).

==Page 320==

'''scout''' 
In British universities, a housekeeper/valet. At Yale too?

'''Proximus''' 
Latin; means nearest, closest, next. It also is the name of, among many other things, a computer code performing a non-orthogonal matrix transform based on recursive partitioning of a data set.

'''Quincke''' 
Georg Hermann Quincke (1834-1924) was a German physicist. He was a physics professor at the Univeristy of Berlin between 1865 and 1872. As from 1875 he was the professor of physics at the University of Heidelberg until he retired in 1907. One of his many research works was to investigate experimentally the reflection of light, especially from the metallic surfaces. (Not sure whether this was done at Berlin or Heidelberg.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Hermann_Quincke Wikipedia].

==Page 321==

==Page 322==

'''Moriarty's''' 
The unofficial Yale club, founded circa 1861, nicknamed Mory's, incorporated into the "Whiffenpoof Song" about 1909. The "Louie" in the song is Louis Linder, not to be confused with next entry.

'''Louis Lassen''' 
Founder of Louis' Lunch, located at 261-263 Crown Street, New Haven, CT, and still operating today. Founded in 1895, Louis' Lunch is widely believed to be where the hamburger was first served, although without ketchup or mustard. [http://www.louislunch.com/ Website]. 

The origins of the hamburger are widely disputed, much depending on how you define a hamburger. But it is widely agreed that the term has its origins in Hamburg, Germany.

'''West Rock''' 
One of two prominent natural features near New Haven, CT. Reported to have been the location of a cave where [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regicides_of_Charles_I officials who presided over the execution of Charles I] took refuge when the Restoration reversed their political fortunes. West Rock is also the subject of [http://www.arttimesjournal.com/art/reviews/04church_frederic_copy.jpg a well known painting by Frederick Church] and sits over today's Wilbur Cross Parkway.

'''ten years before''' 
The meeting between Vibe and Vanderjuice in Chicago in 1892.
:1893?

==Page 323==

'''"apizza"''' 
A style of pizza common in New Haven, CT. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apizza Wikipedia entry] Many maintain that pizza as we know it was first served in New Haven--that is, if you consider something with white sauce and clams a "pizza." 
I believe that "pizza as we know it" was first served in Italy, probably Pisa.
:It has the reputation of coming from Naples, though, which is way to the south of Pisa and doesn't always speak the same language.
 (sorry, but in fact Pisa has nothing to do with Pizza:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_pizza])

'''at the far edges of his visual field, a glimmering winged object''' 
Another Yeats reference for Pynchon. Yeats: "I began to imagine [around 1904], as always at my left side just out of the range of sight, a brazen winged beast which I associated with laughing, ecstatic destruction", noting that the beast was "Afterwards described in my poem 'The Second Coming'". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Second_Coming_(poem)]

In the poem, Yeats (who was a member of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn) talks about anarchy, falcons, a "shape with lion body and the head of a man" with a "gaze blank and pitiless as the sun", and of course, the Second Coming. You should be reading it right now. [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Second_Coming "The Second Coming"]

"Critic Yvor Winters has observed, "…we must face the fact that Yeats' attitude toward the beast is different from ours: we may find the beast terrifying, but Yeats finds him satisfying – he is Yeats' judgment upon all that we regard as civilized. Yeats approves of this kind of brutality.""

There also seems to be a lot of [http://www.sfu.ca/~curtis/CornellYeats Yeatslove] goin' on at Cornell, though the extent of the relationship between the University and Yeats during our author's attendence isn't known.

------------

Or the word 'glimmering' may be key in understanding that the peripheral winged object is none other than the famous firefly of the song "Glow little glow-worm, glimmer, glimmer" written circa 1908 and re-recorded by Pynchon's beloved Spike Jones in 1946. In addition to the glow-worm being a glimmering winged object, the song makes multiple references to electricity and lightning, all very much in context with this section in particular and the novel in general:

From [http://lyricsplayground.com/alpha/songs/g/glowworm.shtml "Glow-Worm"]

Glow little glow-worm, fly of fire
Glow like an incandescent wire
Glow for the female of the species
Turn on the AC and the DC
This night could use a little brightnin'
Light up you little ol' bug of lightnin'
When you gotta glow, you gotta glow
Glow little glow-worm, glow

Glow little glow-worm, glow and glimmer
Swim through the sea of night, little swimmer
Thou aeronautical boll weevil
Illuminate yon woods primeval
See how the shadows deep and darken
You and your chick should get to sparkin'
I got a gal that I love so
Glow little glow-worm, glow

glow worms are the larvae of a large mosquito-like fly that have a very unusual lifestyle. 
Glow worms
[http://maguires.com/glow_worms/about_worms.htm]

Also, the word "glimmering" refers to feeble, faint or intermittent light, supporting the glow-worm reading.....probably not referring to a "brazen winged beast."

==Page 324==

'''P.G. Tait on Quaternions''' 
Peter Guthrie Tait, a Scottish physicist and mathematician, wrote two books on Quaternions, "An Elementary Treatise on Quaternions" and "Introduction to Quaternions"

''''lamp' this''' 
"Look at this" ; "Check this out".

'''Grassman's ''Ausdehnungslehre''''' 
A treatise on the foundations of linear algebra (including vector spaces) by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Grassmann Hermann Grassmann].
:Literally, ''Ausdehnungslehre'' means Theory of Extension.

But in context, the statement that "Grassmann's ''Ausdehnungslehre'' can be extended to any number of dimensions you like" indicates that we are talking about a mathematical theory, not a book. The word Ausdehnungslehre has actually been borrowed in English, but the subject is more often referred to as "exterior algebra" or "algebra of the exterior product." It relates to an antisymmetric operator that acts on "differential forms." It is definitely a Vectorist pursuit.

'''Dr. Hilbert''' 
[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hilbert.html David Hilbert] (1862-1943), German mathematician. Hilbert's work in integral equations in about 1909 led directly to 20th-century research in functional analysis (the branch of mathematics in which functions are studied collectively). This work also established the basis for his work on infinite-dimensional space, later called Hilbert space, a concept that is useful in mathematical analysis and quantum mechanics. He studied mathematics at the University of Königsber and received his doctorate in 1885. One of Hilbert's friends was Minkowski who also was a doctoral student at Königsberg. He became professor at Königsberg (1893-1895) and Göttingen (1895 to retirement), made important contributions to the theory of numbers, the theory of invariants and the application of integral equation to physical problems. His work in geometry had the greatest influence in that area after Euclid.

'''Minkowski''' 
[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Minkowski.html Hermann Minkowski] (1864-1909), German mathematician. He was born near Kovna, Russia (now Kaunas, Lithuania) to German parents. When Minkowski was eight the family returned to Germany and settled in Königsberg. He entered the University of Königsbert at 1880 and became close friend with Hilbert. He received his doctorate in 1885. He was professor at Bonn, Königsberg, Zürich (where Einstein was his student), and Göttengen. He wrote on the theory of numbers and on space and time (1909). Minkowski developed a new view of space and time, and laid the mathematical foundation of Einstein's the Theory of Relativity.

'''Spectral Theory''' 
Introduced by Hilbert. In mathematics, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_theory Spectral Theory] is an inclusive term for theories extending the eigenvector and eigenvalue theory of a single square matrix.

'''''infinite'' dimensions''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert_space Hilbert space] can be of infinite dimensions.
In Pynchon's paramorphoscope, the physics of 1900 (the mathematics revealed multiple dimensions beyond the 4 of space and time) is concerned with the same issues as the physics of 2000 (in which string theory requires multiple dimensions). The relation of physics and mathematics to centers of political and economic power are echoes as well, here drawn together in Kit's life.

'''Eigenheit''''' 
A term used in some of David Hilbert's mathematical and logical systems, it appears to have several disputed meanings, including something like "peculiarities" or "unique values or characterizations" (eigenheiten) [http://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Talk:Eigenvector].

But Eigenheit also means :"Own-ness" or "Self-Ownership" [http://flag.blackened.net/daver/anarchism/stirner/theego9.html], a concept of the German individualist-anarchist Max Stirner (Johann Caspar Schmidt)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Stirner], an issue of real concern to Kit, both in his immediate situation vis a vis Scarsdale Vibe, and perhaps also because of Stirner's radical individualist concept of trade union activity.

'''Hamburg Amerika Line''''' 
Transatlantic shipping company established in Hamburg, Germany in 1847 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg_America_Line Wiki]. By 1872 the company was making weekly passages to New York from Hamburg via Southampton.

==Page 325==

'''problem-set''' 
A set of physics problems to be worked out as homework.

'''th' Four-Color Problem's just a Stu-dent prank''' 
How many colors are necessary to color a map so that no adjacent regions have the same color? The theorem was first stated as a conjecture in the mid-1800s; a number of faulty or incomplete proofs were published around the turn of the century.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_color_theorem The Wikipedia entry] gives an account of the 1976 proof and the controversy surrounding it. 
The conjecture, now theorem, is that you can color any map in a plane with four colors. Regions are adjacent if they share a boundary but not if they share a single point. The Four Corners is familiar in ''AtD,'' so paint New Mexico red, Arizona green, and Utah beige. What color does Colorado have to be? Green works (no boundary with Arizona), so this map takes only three colors. But imagine the state of New Colozontah, a one-mile circle centered at the Corners; no matter how you assign the first three colors, now you have to have a fourth. And you can't draw a map that takes five, not without cheating (e.g., folding the paper).

'''wanted to trust 'Fax''' 
Suggests that he also wanted to trust "facts." 'Fax also suggests
a copy [of his father]?

'''good skate''' 
A good guy.

==Page 326==

'''all but careened''' 
The boat is nearly turned on its side by the force of the wind. You careen a boat on purpose (on dry land) for cleaning, caulking, or repairing areas well below the waterline.

'''McKim, Mead, and White''' 
Architectural firm established by Charles McKim, William Mead, and Stanford White. Introducing the Roman and Italian Renaissance style to public architecture and urban planning on the east coast around 1900. Asscociated with the "American Renaissance", "Beaux Arts" and the "City Beautiful" movement [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKim,_Mead,_and_White Wiki].

'''Granitza''' 
In various Slavic languages: boundary.

'''Curl''' 
In vector calculus, curl is a vector operator that shows a vector field's rate of rotation.

'''Laplacian''' 
In mathematics, Laplacian, or Laplace operator, is a differential operator. It is widely used in areas of wave propagation, heat flow, electrostatics, quatum mechanic, etc. It is named after French mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace Laplace].)

'''Velebit''' 
A ridge near the Adriatic coastline of Croatia. The terrain is limestone karst, characterized by eroded cavities and channels.

==Page 327==

'''one day''' 
???

'''Parthian''' 
from Parthia, 'an ancient country corresponding to modern northeast Iran,however, Parthian also means "delivered in of as if in retreat", according to the American Heritage Dictionary. The use cited comes from Bret Harte, American writer about the West of this book's time: "a Parthian volley of expletives from Uncle Billy".

The full expression "Parthian Shot" comes from the Parthian cavalryman's ability to fire arrows over their shoulders while retreating.

'''''morra''''' 
It is a hand game played for points by two people. Both players show either one or two fingers and simultaneously call out loud the number of fingers the other player will show. A correct call wins the number of points. [http://www.frontier.net/~grifftoe/morra.html morra].

==Page 328==
''''North River jibes'''' 
In sailing, to jibe is to shift a fore-and-aft sail from one side of a vessel to the other while sailing before the wind so as to sail on the opposite tack. This means the boom, a long spar extending from the mast to hold or extend the foot of the sail, shifts from one side of the vessel to the other, since the sail is attached to it. One does not want to get hit with the boom during a jibe (kind of like getting hit by a big baseball bat): it will hurt, if not kill, you and most likely knock you out if the boat. Apparently, 'Fax jibes a lot in the North River.

==Page 329==

==Page 330==

'''Neofungoline''' 
??? Speculation: A fungo, baseball jargon (origin unknown), is a fly ball hit for fielding practice by a player who tosses the ball up and hits it on its way down with a long, thin, light bat, called a fungo bat. This is the only use of the word so possibly neofungoline is more Pynchon inventiveness and cleverness. 
I read this as a spoof of an anti-fungal or anti-biotic product like Neosporin (as "Smegmo" is a spoof on Crisco).

'''have that long''' 
Vibe is about 60 years old.

'''trying not to speak too carefully''' 
Cf phony Yale posing.

==Page 331==

'''forward of the stacks''' 
Preferred cabins located upwind of soot and smuts from the ship's funnels.

'''one of those negative results with resonance far beyond itself''' 
Like the Michelson-Morley experiment.

'''Grand Central Station''' 
This was called Grand Central Terminal until the "new" Grand Central Station opened in 1912, which was after this episode occurs. [http://grandcentralterminal.com/pages/getpage.aspx?id=75133219-5FAF-40D2-B946-D3A6693EFF32 History of Grand Central Station]

==Page 332==

'''how mighty are the wings we shelter beneath''' 
Wings of God, thinks Vibe. There have been hints this is not so. 
Compare p. 211, where the Rev. Lube Carnal says, "We like to think of Jeshimon as being under God's wing," to which Reef protests, "But wait a minute, God doesn't have wings—" And Carnal replies, "The God you're thinking of, maybe not. But out here, the one who looks after us, it's a kind of winged God, you see."

'''the bloodline of my enemy''' 
Interesting phrase. Not the blood of his enemy. Vibe says his own seed is cursed, and he is seeking by adoption to make the Traverse bloodline his own. See also [[ATD_149-170#Page_158|"it was desire," p. 158.]]

==Page 333==

'''I didn't have my war then''' 
Vibe saying his time to fight was not 1862 but in the 1890s.

'''headquarters in Pearl Street''' 
In Manhattan's financial district; on [http://www.mustseenewyork.com/maps/nyc-lower-manhattan-hotels.html this street map] it runs northeast from the ferry terminals. [http://www.archaeology.org/online/features/nycolonial/index.html Fraunces Tavern] (built 1719) stands at the corner of Pearl and Broad Streets.

'''a ruler isolated in self-resonant fantasy''' 
Perhaps speaking to the furniture and hearing the echo agree with him. "No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred."

==Page 334==

'''the moderate American tradition of Massachusetts Bay or Utah''' 
Benign, homegrown theocracy contrasted with deranged foreign theocracy.

'''Cooper Square''' 
Cooper Square where Fourth and Third Avenue merge into the Bowery in New York City.

'''Tenderloin''' 
A district of vice in New York City (''American Heritage Dictionary''). The West Side from about 27th Street to about 62nd Street. Gave its name to a very funny musical (1960; music by Jerry Bock, book by George Abbott and Jerome Weidman, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick).

'''Nellie Noonan or Anna Held''' 
Anna Held was a popular stage performer of the 1890s and 1900s [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Held wikipedia]. Nellie Noonan may be a reference to the title character in ''Little Nellie Kelly'', a George M. Cohan musical made into a film starring Judy Garland in 1940 ([http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0032718/ imdb]), but Cohan wrote the musical in 1922.

==Page 335==

'''the Wilderness''' 
A Civil War battle in May 1864, just before the battle of Cold Harbor. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wilderness Wikipedia]

'''Cold Harbor''' 
Where Foley Walker, acting as Civil War Substitute, "took a Reb bullet" for Scarsdale Vibe - see p.100/101.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 243-272

2007-07-17T08:32:57Z

Sonni: /* Page 246 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 243==

'''The Chums return''' 
When were the Chums last seen in AtD? As far back as page 142?

A brief reminder of who the Chums are and what we know about them so far:
:'''Randolph St. Cosmo''', commander.
:'''Lindsay Noseworth''', Master-at-Arms and second in command, hates slackers and slang.
:'''Miles Blundell''', handyman, awkward, with an "ample waist" (11), also ship's Commissary, whose cooking ranges from pure cordon bleu to inedible. (110)
:'''Darby Suckling''', the baby of the crew, served "as both factotum and mascotte". By page 141 or so, has transformed from spirited youth to bomb obsessed, (111) sneering, snide cynic. Because of hitting adolescence?
:'''Chick Counterfly''', the newest member of the crew, picked up by the Chums in the South while on the run from the KKK. At last appearance, had become Dr. Counterfly, knowledgeable Science Officer aboard the Inconvenience (141). Reliably humorous. (110). Chick's style of speech here seems intermediate between the country boy of the early chapters and the sophisticated Dr Counterfly who met the Vormance expedition. Are we also at an intermediate point on the timeline?

[[image:fumaioli.jpg|thumb|150px|Fumaioli in Venice|right]]
'''''fumaioli''''' 
Italian: ''funnels''; fumaioli are large wide-topped chimneys, common to the rooftops of Venice.

'''''certo''''' 
sure, certain.

'''''Seccatura''''' 
Italian: ''Inconvenience''

==Page 244==

'''''ragazza''''' 
Italian: ''girl''.

'''Picardy thirds''' 
The use of a major chord at the end of a musical section in a minor key. Miles seems just as moved by them as Lew. [[ATD_26-56#Page_50 | Cf p50]]

The gondolier is singing harmony with himself, or else Miles is imagining the accompaniment.

Picardie is also a region in northern France and "during the Middle Ages... included the Dutch speaking Flanders." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picardy] The region was a hotbed of action along the Western Front in WWI and played host to the Battle of the Somme, which totaled more than a million casualties and was "one of the bloodiest battles in human history."[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme]

'''''stabilimento''''' 
Italian: establishment.

==Page 245==
'''Garibaldi''' 
Famous Italian leader, major figure in the Italian Unification. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garibaldi Wikipedia]

'''''"Ehi, sugo!"''''' 
"Hey, sauce!" Does this make sense to anyone?
It does not make any sense in Italian.

'''twentyfold''' 
5 chums times 4 suspects each. (Randolph suspects Lindsay, Miles, Darby and Chick of being the leak; and so on around the crew. And that assumes no one suspects Pugnax!)

'''''osteria''''' 
tavern.

'''San Polo''' 
The smallest district/area in Venice, and among the oldest. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Polo Wikipedia]

'''''rio''''' 
narrow waterway in Venice.

'''against the night''' 
OK...

'''''calli''''' 
Venetian 'street' or 'lane'.

==Page 246==

'''''sotoporteghi''''' 
passageways. See picture for one example [http://www.dialetto-veneto.it/images/FotoComano/Comano-Cattognano.jpg].

'''''"Sa stai, O! Lungo, ehi!"''''' 
It does not mean anything in Italian or in the Venetian dialect. One possibility is mimicking the callouts of gondoliers. ''Lungo'' could be someone's nickname. 
Other possibility is a wrong lettering of: ''Xa star, oh! Lungo, ehi!'', meaning ''Ehi, Lungo, let it be and let's go!'' or something similar.

'''''cameriere''''' 
Italian: waitresses (plural of ''cameriera'').

'''''pallonisti''''' 
(fake-)Italian: balloonists.

'''''Ehi, macché, Pina! ''''' 
Italian: Ehi, Giusep(Pina), what are you telling me?

'''''giadrul''''' 
Again, doesn't mean anything in Italian or Venetian dialect. Seems to be a [https://listserv.heanet.ie/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0007&L=irtrad-l&D=0&T=0&P=94630 term of insult], variously described as American-Italian only (see previous link) and southern Italian (see next). One source gives one meaning as "[http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070318034908AAem49X zuccone]" - this appears to mean "[http://notes.tranq.com/archives/2004/01/23/zuccone/ pumpkinhead]". I guess we're looking for something phallic, given the context. 
(''as far as I can see, it is an American-Italian deformation of the correct italian word "citrullo", which in fact is some sort of "dumb ass", and is derived from neapolitan for "cetriolo", that is, "cucumber" '')

'''"with all the spaghetti-joints in this town to choose from, are you saying those dadblame Russians have come in ''here''?"''' 
reminiscent of a similar line from the film ''Casablanca'', spoken by Humphrey Bogart: "Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks into mine."

==Page 247==

'''tacchino in pomegranate sauce''' 
turkey in pomegranate sauce and, presumably, the "Purple Thanksgiving" to which Miles refers above.

'''''Dum vivimus, bibamus''''' 
While we live, let us drink. Paraphrase of "Dum vivimus, vivamus".

'''vini frizzanti''' 
sparkling wine.

'''SANGUIS RUBER, MENS PURA''' 
Latin: Red blood, clean mind.

'''''Serrata del Maggior Consiglio''''' 
Great Council Lockout, 1297. Link to the "Maggior Consiglio" entry on Reference.com [http://www.reference.com/browse/all/Maggior%20Consiglio]

'''Napoleon's abolition''' 
1797. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doge_of_Venice Wikipedia]

'''Polos' return''' 
Marco Polo together with his father and uncle returned to Venice in 1295 from their travel to China started in 1271. 

''Marco Polo'' (1254-1324), a Venetian traveller. Was born of a nobel family at Venice, while his father and uncle had gone on a mercantile expedition by Constantinople and the Crimea to Bokhara and to Cathy (China). The Mongol prince commissioned them as envoys to the Pope, a commission they tried in vain to carry out in Italy (1269). The Polos started again a new trip to China in 1271, taking with them young Marco,
and arrived at the court of Kublai Khan in 1275 by way of Kashgar, Yarkand, and Khotan to Lop Nor, then across the Gobi desert to Kansu and Shang-tu. Marco Polo entered the diplomatic service of Kublai Khan and was sent on missions to various parts of the Mongol empire. The Polos left China on 1282 and returned by way of Sumatra, India, and Persia to Venice (1295). In 1298 Marco was in command of a galley at the battle of Curzola, where the Venetians were defeated by the Genoese, and he was a prisoner for a year at Genoa. Here it was thought that he dictated to another captive an account of his travels, published under the title of ''Divisamemt dou monde''. (English title: ''The Travels of Marco Polo''.) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo Marco Polo].)

''Kublai Khan'' (1214-94), Mongol khan, emperor of China, grandson of Jenghiz Khan. He completed the conquest of northern China and became the first foreigner ever to rule China. An enegetic prince, he suppressed his rivals, adopted the Chinese mode of civilisation, encouraged men of letters and made Buddhism the state religion. But his attempt to invade Japan ended in disaster. His dominions extended from Arctic Ocean to the Strait of Malacca, and from Korea to Asia Minor and the confines of Hungary. The splendor of his court inspired the graphic pages of Marco Polo. (from Chambers Biographical Dictionary, 1984 edition.)

==Page 248==

[[image:doge.jpg|thumb|100px|Doge by Giovanni Bellini|right]]'''Doge's hat''' 
For some thousand years, the chief magistrate and leader of the Most Serene Republic of Venice was styled the Doge, a rare but not unique Italian title derived from the Latin Dux, as the major Italian parallel Duce and the English Duke. Doges of Venice were elected for life by the city-state's aristocracy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doge_of_Venice Wikipedia entry]

'''''Attenzione al culo''''' 
Italian: watch your ass.

'''Shambhala''' 
In Tibetan Buddhist tradition, Shambhala is a mystical kingdom hidden somewhere beyond the snowpeaks of the Himalayas. Shambhala is believed to be a society where all the inhabitants are enlightened. During the 19th century, Theosophical Society founder H.P. Blavatsky alluded to the Shambhala myth, giving it currency for Western occult enthusiasts. Later esoteric writers further emphasized and elaborated on the concept of a hidden land inhabited by a hidden mystic brotherhood whose members labor for the good of humanity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shambhala Wikipedia entry]

'''Professor Svegli of the University of Pisa''' 
The fictional professor's name comes from the Italian ''sveglio'' for "clever, dextrous, skillful."

'''"try to forget the usual picture in two dimensions"''' 
Cf. page 220, the idea behind the ''Tetractys'' as explained by Nigel and Neville.

'''an episode of intentional blindness''' 
Echoes the "denial of ordinary vision" that Lew sees when he meets Professor Renfrew (p. 240). Might these "blind spots" in sense evoke Iceland Spar?

==Page 249==

'''"Those whose enduring object is power in this world are only too happy to use without remorse the others, whose aim is of course to transcend all question of power. Each regards the other as a pack of deluded fools."''' 
Over time, Pynchon appears to have come to a belief in a massive conflict between cultures "valuing analysis and differentiation" and those valuing "unity and integration". The two alternate maps of Asia could be a reference to these disparate worldviews.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V. Wikipedia entry on V.]

'''The problem lies with the projection''' 
(a) Projection by each group of its own obsession onto the other group. (b) Cartographic projection, i.e., how the round world gets imaged onto a flat sheet of paper.

'''paramorphoscope''' 
AtD is itself a paramorphoscope; satire and science fiction typically hold up a distorting mirror to the world in which they are written, and present worlds "set to the side of the one we have taken". In the end the correct paramorphic "mirror" shows the world clearly.

'''"a certain percentage of them went mad and ended up in the asylum on San Servolo"''' 
Cf. the Northern Ohio Insane Asylum with its light-obsessed inmates at [[ATD_57-80#Page_59|page 59]].

'''the asylum on San Servolo''' 
First established as a military hospital in 1715, later became a mental asylum. Seems that San Servolo is to Venice what Bedlam is to London. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo Wikipedia]

'''Clifford's term''' 
W.K. Clifford, (1845-1879): an English mathematician. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kingdon_Clifford Wikipedia]

==Page 250==

[[Image:stmarks.jpg|thumb|200px|right|St Mark's Basilica (Basilica di San Marco) in Venice]]
'''Dr. Cantor''' 
Georg Cantor (1845 - 1918), German mathematician. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor%27s_theorem Cantor's Theorem] is what is most relevant to his mention here.

'''the plano-convex designs of Griendl von Ach''' 
For a brief history of the compound-lens microscope, and the roles played by the Italians and the Dutch, including Griendl von Ach, see:
http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Microscope

'''prophetic vision of St. Mark''' 
Mark the Evangelist (1st century) is traditionally believed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark and a companion of Peter. From [http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/brown-venice.html this site]: "...a prophetic dream that Mark was said to have experienced during his earlier, supposed ministry in the area of the Venetian lagoon. In it he was visited by an angel who told him that he would find his final resting place on the very site where San Marco would later be built." In the first century there was no settlement worth mentioning in the Lagoon yet. The prophecy was "fulfilled" in 828 when the saint's remains stolen on orders of Doge Giustiniano Participazio in Alexandria were brought to Venice. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist Wikipedia entry] St. Mark is represented by a winged lion and is the patron saint of Venice [http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/saintm08.htm].

'''''but in reverse''''' 
Miles now takes the place of the angel. Who or what is the "Being" and what form does the prophecy take?

'''neither sails, masts, nor oars''' 
Not a craft that is driven by the wind or human muscle. To say more could spoil a plot point.

==Page 251==

[[Image:stmarklion.jpg|thumb|600px|center|The Lion of St. Mark, by Carpaccio]]

'''Lion of St. Mark by Carpaccion''' 
Vittore Carpaccio (c.1460–1525/6) was a Venetian painter. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittore_Carpaccio Wikipedia entry]

'''the vision of St. Mark, but in reverse''' 
In St. Mark's vision, an angel appeared to Mark and informed him that his remains would one day end up in his present location, which later became Venice. Here, Miles seems to assume the form of the angel (in the form of a lion?) and the 'promise' Pynchon mentions seems to be the angel's promise to Mark.

'''our own duty, our own fate... the real journey''' 
Pynchon's one-paragraph summation of human life and its meaning recalls a letter Pynchon wrote in the early 1960s, [[The_World_is_at_Fault|The World is at Fault]], in which he also summed up the entirety of human life in a few tidy sentences. Both employ the word 'pilgrimage.'

==Page 252==

'''''sotopòrteghi''''' 
Tunnels or passageways under large buildings.

'''tenebrous''' 
Means "shadowy" but is also a link back to the previous paragraph. The Tenebrae Service is a special form that is meant to recreate the feelings of the Passion story, also represented by the Stations of the Cross.

'''Glagolitic''' 
The Glagolitic Alphabet is the oldest known Slavic alphabet (9th c.). It originated as a tactic to lessen the dependence of the subjects of the Prince of Greater Moravia on Frankish priests, who banned it but could not suppress it; it played a similar role in preserving Bulgarian independence from Byzantium. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glagolitic] It appears to be a nexus of the kind of simultaneous temporal and spiritual tasks the Chums of Chance are now involved in. In this, it raises the issues first explored by Pynchon in the "Tchitcherine in Kyrghizia" sections of ''Gravity's Rainbow'' in which the introduction of a written alphabet causes immense political and social change.

'''Gauloise''' 
famous French cigarette. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauloise Wikipedia].

'''''scusi''''' 
Italian: Excuse me.

'''''Affascinante, caro''''' 
Italian: Fascinating, dear (addressed to a male person).

'''''ragazzo''''' 
Italian: Boy.

'''''Mattoidi''''' 
Italian: Semi-insane persons. The word was [http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-mat1.htm coined by Cesare Lombroso,] the physiognomist.

'''''Prego''''' 
Italian: Please.

==Page 253==

'''Pozzuoli''' 
A city in the Province of Naples (''Napoli'') in the region of Campania. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozzuoli Wikipedia].

'''The Tarocchi are much, much older.''' 
Not at all! This is one of those ideas that rarely gets questioned, especially since some "interpreters" of the tarot claim ancient Egyptian origins. The actually only [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot date back to the 15th century], as playing cards, and tarot divination was invented in the 19th century, with absolutely no historical precedent.

However, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleister_Crowley Aleister Crowley] in his writings and the design of his own version of the tarot, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Thoth_(Crowley) Thoth Deck], made a case for the Tarot unifying and being rooted in much older divination methods from Ancient egypt to the[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabbalah Kabbalah] to Greek [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology astrology]. Crowley's Golden Dawn gets a previous mention in ATD. Though work on the Thoth deck would not begin until 1938, Crowley´s assignment of the Kabbalah's [http://jktarot.com/naples Sephiroth to the major arcana] probably bears attention when considering the chapter structure of ATD: he called the correspondence "The Naples Arrangement" in honour of having worked it out there, and this passage's mention of Renata's business associate being in Naples at this moment is unlikely to be coincidence.
:Surely a robust skepticism toward Crowley and his research methods is in order? Consider, for example, this [http://www.tarothermit.com/letter.htm "open letter"] to tarot users—from a judicious scholar and believer, not a committed skeptic—making the point that if the cards embody images (of whatever origin) "speaking" to the reader or student, it isn't essential to press the further claim that they were invented by the god Thoth. The paintings lack a couple of millennia of "temporal bandwidth" but aren't necessarily voided of appeal by that, any more than Michelangelo's ''Pietà'' is a less-valid devotional object for having been sculpted 1500 years after the event.

'''''sfumato''''' 
Refers to a well known painting method which blends so subtly the colors and tones that no perceptible transition is visible, as demonstrated by Leonardo da Vince's ''Mona Lisa''. See [http://en/wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfumato Wikipedia]. 
The context seems to imply ''smoke'', then ''fumo'' instead should be used.
:No, the evocation of the painterly effect becomes a metaphor for the way the boat comes into sight.

==Page 254==

'''''Pax tibi, Darbe''''' 
Latin: Peace to you, Darby. ''Pax tibi'' is not at all obscure—devout Catholics used it as a parting formula—but Chick has Latinized Darby's name to ''Darbus'' (vocative case ''Darbe'') and may be consciously echoing the text in [[#Page_251|Carpaccio's lion painting]] or on a [[#Page_247|pre-Napoleonic]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg flag of the Most Serene Republic of Venice:] ''Pax tibi Marce evangelista meus,'' "Peace to you, Mark, my evangelist."

'''like some damned ''Farewell'' Symphony''' 
Franz Josef Haydn, 1772, Hungary. Musicians at Count Esterházy's court had been kept too long on duty (and away from their families). Going on strike would have been disrespectful, so in the last movement of Haydn's hinting work, the players one by one extinguish their candles and exit, leaving two violins to play the last phrases.

'''"Chums of Chance were expected to die on the job. Or else live forever, there being two schools of thought, actually."''' 
Possibly a reference to the fact that the Chums seem to live simultaneously in the "real" world of the novel and also in fictional stories within the novel.

==Page 255==

'''Mostruccio''' 
Italian, literally: small monster, meant as a lovely nickname.

[[Image:samoyeds.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Samoyeds]]
'''Samoyeds''' 
These nomadic reindeer herders help with the herding, pull sleds, and are sometimes called "the smiley dog" in reference to their seemingly smiling faces. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoyed_(dog) Wikipedia]

'''Bastille Day''' 
The Campanile di San Marco collapsed 14 July 1902. Pynchon Wiki on the [[Campanile]].

'''''lasagnoni''''' 
Italian, plural of ''lasagnone'': Blowhard, braggart.

A hint may come from an Italian dictionary: a ''lasagnone'' being an awkward, simple person, the kind of loafers who abound on city squares or street corners and, consequently, may appear in tourists' pictures.

==Page 256==
[[Image:Campanile.jpg|thumb|200px|right]]

'''dual citizenship''' 
They live in two places, there are two skycraft, they point a gun at one place but the shell strikes a different place. Lots of '''bi-''' somethings in this passage.

'''the little-understood enigmata of the simultaneous''' 
The concept of simultaneous events, including the accurate definition and, moreover, the very ''need'' of such a definition, played a significant role in the soon-to-be formulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity Special Relativity Theory]. One of the main consequences of the theory is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativity_of_simultaneity relativity of simultaneity].

'''four-brick groupings''' 
Padzhitnoff sees the Campanile come apart as a game of Tetris! The "four-brick groupings [...] begin their gentle, undeadly descent, rotating and translating in all available modes". (See [[ATD_119-148#Page_123|page 123]] for more on Tetris.)

'''the tower collapses''' 
Might have some relation to the final poem of ''Gravity's Rainbow''. The fall of the tower is foreshadowed -- foretold, actually -- in Chick´s Tarot reading by Renata (See [[ATD_243-272#Page_253|page 253]]).

==Page 257==

'''What stood for a thousand years''' 
Pretty close: Construction of the Campanile began in the year 912.

'''deciduous''' 
Something that falls, drops or is shed, like leaves from a tree or baby teeth.

'''We had the weather-gauge''' 
In the days of sail, [http://www.weathergage.com/ weather gage] described the relative position of two ships or forces. If you were downwind you could run or, if you meant to engage the enemy, tack to approach him. Every time you changed tack you lost an opportunity to shoot (because your guns pointed left and right). If you lay upwind, you could keep your guns trained on the enemy throughout the engagement. The weather gage was an often decisive battle advantage, and the phrase is common in nautical narratives.

'''neuræsthenic prostration''' 
This is the third (at least) time Randolph has exhibited this tendency.

:This is the third time that this word has appeared so far, but in the second instance (page 188) it was used by Nigel to describe Lew Basnight, not Randolph.

:Not the word, but this reaction in Randolph occurred on pages 12 and 28. It seems to be a regular thing with him.

==Page 258==

'''Tetralith''' 
Modern math term for three dimensional solid formed by merging three hyperbolic paraboloids in a manner that they have a common midpoint. See [http://www.tetranometry.com/#tetralith Tetralith Photo #2]. Pynchon just means a Tetris-shaped projectile, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetromino Tetromino].
:A "monolith" (as in ''2001: A Space Odyssey'')means an "object made of a single block of stone". Hence "tetralith" means an "object made of four blocks of stone", which is exactly what you see on the game "Tetris".

'''Japanese character for "four" being same as that for "death"''' 
Not quite correct. The Japanese kanji (Chinese) characters for four 四 and death 死 are quite distinct, but can be pronounced in the same way, hence the taboo.

'''Ryohei Uchida''' 
Ultra-nationalist, founder of the Black Dragon Soceity (see below), a right-wing, paramilitary organization. See [http://members.tripod.com/ravenshrine/uchida.html Ryohei Uchida].

'''''polny pizdets''''' 
Crude Russian: a total screwup.

'''Black Dragon Society''' 
A paramiltary, ultra-nationalist, right-wing organization in Japan founded by Ryohei Uchida in 1901. Its initial public goal was to support Janpanese expansion in Manchuria. Therefore, during the period from 1901 to the end of World War I, it aimed to help the Japanese government drive the Russian presence out of that region. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 (a war fought over Manchuria, with the Russians soundly defeated) it was active in espionage, sabotage and assassination against the Russians. During the 20's, 30's and later periods the Black Dragon Society evolved and expanded its activities around the world, including the United States. It was finally disbanded in 1946 by General MacArthur after World War II. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokuryu-kai Wikipedia entry].

'''''Smirno''''' 
Russian: quiet!

==Page 259==

'''''dov'era, com'era''''' 
Italian: where it was, as it was. See [http://veniceblog.typepad.com/veniceblog/2003/12/comera_dovera.html veniceblog]. On July 14, 1902 the St. Mark's Campanile in Piazza San Marco, Venice, mysteriously and totally collapsed. Under the 'battle cry' of '''''com'era, dov'era''''' it was rebuilt. The Campanile was reopened on April 25 (St. Mark's Day) 1912. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mark's_Campanile St. Mark's Campanile]. Also, Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 256|page 256:the tower collapses]].

''''La Marangona''''' 
The largest bell in the campanile is called la Marangona. At midnight, that massive bell resounds alone from high in the Piazza, and can be heard from almost any point in the city. There are four other bells in the campanile and they each have a name.

'''"Bells are the most ancient objects. They call to us out of eternity"''' 
This chapter is bookended by references to bells. It opens, "Across the city noontide a field of bells emerged into flower."

==Page 260==

'''Deuce and Sloat return''' 
These two, it will be recalled, are the men hired by the mine owners to kill Webb Traverse. (193) It is unclear who is whose sidekick. ([[ATD_171-198#Page_195|195]]) Sloat tends to bodies, Deuce the spirit. ([[ATD_171-198#Page_197|197]])

'''Curly Dee''' 
Mathematicians call the "partial derivative" symbol "curly d." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_derivative Wikipedia shows the symbol.]

'''inside out''' 
Optical illusion.

==Page 261==

'''Nonpareil Eating House''' 
The motto over the door was probably "None Like It!"

'''Mayva and Lake''' 
Webb Traverse's wife and daughter.

'''lard smoke''' 
Cf. p. 10, "tall smokestacks unceasingly vomiting black grease-smoke," and p. 216, "Just greasy ashes by the trailside."

'''biscuit-shooter''' 
I.e., a cook.

'''Cañon City''' 
Site of the Colorado State Penitentiary, meant to suggest Deuce and Sloat had done time there.

'''gong''' 
???
17:18, 1 January 2007 (PST)[[User:Bklyn48|Bklyn48]]
 "kicking the gong around" is slang for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnie_the_Moocher smoking opium]. Here, Sloat seems to mean that Deuce's opium smoking has affected his judgement.

==Page 262==

'''Willis Turnstone''' 
Turnstones are members of the sandpiper family, stocky birds that use their stout bills to flip over rocks and such in search of food. There are two species: Black Turnstone (''Arenaria melanocephala'') and Ruddy Turnstone (''A. interpres''). The [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Ruddy_Turnstone.html Ruddy's] breeding plumage is a bold calico of white, orange, and black.

==Page 263==

'''"Crazier."''' 
Cf Bonnie and Clyde.

'''Oleander Prudge''' 
A name that brings joy to the heart of any Dickensian who happens to be reading along.

==Page 264==

'''single-jacker''' 
A miner who with a hammer and spike cuts a hole into rock for placement of a stick of dynamite. A set of holes are cut for each "synchronized" blast.
(Double jackers work as a team.)
Infer (this) one as a loner, a bit crazy, single minded, silent, easily hurt or misunderstood, doesn't play well with others...

==Page 265==

'''backing away down the valley''' 
It's instructive to look at a [http://www.vacationtelluride.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=standard&categoryId=11&subCategoryId=0 map or satellite photo of Telluride.] You could very well lay a single track from the mouth of the valley up to the town, but no farther. So the train drives into the station, then backs out until there's room for a spur where it can turn around.

'''gullet of days''' 
Metaphor. The miners' lives "as easily (as jug whisky)disappeared down the throat of everyday life".

==Page 266==

'''white-throated swift''' 
A swift is a small plainly colored bird similar to a swallow. The [http://identify.whatbird.com/obj/187/_/White-throated_Swift.aspx white-throated species,] which breeds in the western U.S. and winters in Mexico, is less plain than some. And get the species name: '''''Aeronaut'''es saxatalis.''

'''November''' 
November 1903.

'''in January, martial law''' 
January 3, 1904.

'''nymph du pave''' 
should probably read "nymphE du pave": [http://dict.die.net/nymphe%20du%20pave/ street-whore]. Theoretically this could also translate as: (image of a) nymph on a mosaic (tesselated floor) - like the huge roman one of Ariadne in the Rue du Pavé in Avenche (Switzerland) [http://www.stub.unibe.ch/welten/texte/herzig.html german weblink]

Most likely not (the mosaic idea); this is a consecrated term for prostitute. Note: in French, pavé means cobblestone. --[[User:Kirkm|Kirkm]] 02:09, 3 March 2007 (PST)

'''geometric episode''' 
Vaguely reminiscent of Proust on Combray: "And on one of the longest walks we ever took from Combray there was a spot where the narrow road emerged suddenly on to an immense plain, closed at the horizon by strips of forest over which rose and stood alone the fine point of Saint-Hilaire's steeple, but so sharpened and so pink that it seemed to be no more than sketched on the sky by the finger-nail of a painter anxious to give to such a landscape, to so pure a piece of 'nature,' this little sign of art, this single indication of human existence." [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/8swnn10.txt etext]

'''Engelmann spruce''' 
[http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=175 Picea engelmannii,] a light-colored, easily worked wood with fairly straight grain and slight contrast between heartwood and sapwood; [http://www.fs.fed.us/r4/boise/trees/engelmann.shtml uses include] piano sounding boards and the tops of violins and guitars, hence the association with the acoustics of the church.

A short biography of Dr. Engelmann (lit. Angel-Man) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Engelmann Wikipedia-Entry], more elaborated on [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Engelmann german site]

'''albatross cloth''' 
Evidently a distinct color/design for a wedding or wedding party dress in the West at the time. I have no OED at the moment, but there are at least two online "diaries" or descriptions using the phrase. Here is one: "We were married August 6, 1896 at 7:30 AM at my folk’s residence among friends and relatives. To honor the event, my folks had our parlor decorated with many flowers including roses, myrtle and geraniums. I wore an elegant gown of white silk and albatross cloth."

==Page 267==

'''Osterbybruk''' 
Town noted for ironmaking, 20 miles (32 km) north of Uppsala, eastern Sweden, nowhere near Jämtland (next entry).

'''Jemt-land''' 
A Province in west central Sweden [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4mtland Wikipedia.] The hyphen is not part of the name and probably marks a syncopation in the rev's delivery.

'''Child of the storm''' 
See the [http://againsttheday.wordpress.com/?s=child+of+the+storm ATD Weblog entry].

==Page 268==

'''sideways pussy''' 
Folklore.

'''side hobbles''' 
A hobble is a device for a horse or a dog that restricts the range of motion of the legs. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobble Wikipedia entry]. 
A [http://www.chronicleforums.com/Forum/archive/index.php/t-67850.html side hobble or Scotch hobble] links the horse's two left or two right legs, restricting its movement. 
"Hobble" also describes a type of skirt used (apparently) in bondage, see this [http://www.darksidecreations.com/product.asp?productid=19 example (not safe for work)] in latex.

==Page 269==

'''items, nearly always stolen''' 
Cf bower-bird.

'''marmot''' 
A stout-bodied, short-legged rodent that has coarse fur, a short bushy tail, and very short ears, lives in burrows, and hibernates in winter; also: a prairie dog or one of the larger ground squirrels. Marmots are native to Colorado and live at the higher altitudes. They are about the size of a weasel.

'''''"huevón"''''' 
From hueva (egg). According to [http://juantornoe.blogs.com/hispanictrending/2004/06/huevon_and_guey.html this blog] huevon "literally refers to the size of a mans "cojones" (another pseudo decent word that has seen a lot of mainstream play). It is commonly used to indicate how lazy someone is. The bigger the "huevon" you are, the lazier. As with "guey", however, this too has often been used to say dude or buddy."

'''''pinche cabron''''' 
fucking asshole.

==Page 270==

'''he even bombs by the moon''' 
I.e., he waits for a favorable phase. People who "plant by the signs," for example, associate days of the lunar month to parts of the plant and of the human body. They sow squash (vines) under one sign and lettuce (leaves) under another; they sow nothing at all when the moon is waning. Would a moon-guided bomber blow up trestles (legs) at one phase and plutocrats (belly) at another?

==Page 271==

'''skip''' 
In mining, a skip is "an iron bucket, which slides between guides,
for hoisting mineral and rock." Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) 

'''ex-Danite''' 
Danites were Joseph Smith's vigilantes, "Armies of Israel", during the Mormon War 1838 in Missouri, i.e., before travel to Utah.

'''"Avenging Angels"''' 
Refers to [http://www.ugca.org/ugca1099/ugca1099main.htm Civil War-vintage Colt pistols] usually with sawn off barrels.

==Page 272==

'''the Dolores''' 
Dolores River runs through Cortez (where Deuce seems to be, next to exploding cactus p270). "We woke up in the Dolores... [VALLEY/REGION/HOTEL]"

'''a luminous face suspended''' 

Some large convex object in the sky.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 243-272

2007-07-17T08:31:19Z

Sonni: /* Page 246 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 243==

'''The Chums return''' 
When were the Chums last seen in AtD? As far back as page 142?

A brief reminder of who the Chums are and what we know about them so far:
:'''Randolph St. Cosmo''', commander.
:'''Lindsay Noseworth''', Master-at-Arms and second in command, hates slackers and slang.
:'''Miles Blundell''', handyman, awkward, with an "ample waist" (11), also ship's Commissary, whose cooking ranges from pure cordon bleu to inedible. (110)
:'''Darby Suckling''', the baby of the crew, served "as both factotum and mascotte". By page 141 or so, has transformed from spirited youth to bomb obsessed, (111) sneering, snide cynic. Because of hitting adolescence?
:'''Chick Counterfly''', the newest member of the crew, picked up by the Chums in the South while on the run from the KKK. At last appearance, had become Dr. Counterfly, knowledgeable Science Officer aboard the Inconvenience (141). Reliably humorous. (110). Chick's style of speech here seems intermediate between the country boy of the early chapters and the sophisticated Dr Counterfly who met the Vormance expedition. Are we also at an intermediate point on the timeline?

[[image:fumaioli.jpg|thumb|150px|Fumaioli in Venice|right]]
'''''fumaioli''''' 
Italian: ''funnels''; fumaioli are large wide-topped chimneys, common to the rooftops of Venice.

'''''certo''''' 
sure, certain.

'''''Seccatura''''' 
Italian: ''Inconvenience''

==Page 244==

'''''ragazza''''' 
Italian: ''girl''.

'''Picardy thirds''' 
The use of a major chord at the end of a musical section in a minor key. Miles seems just as moved by them as Lew. [[ATD_26-56#Page_50 | Cf p50]]

The gondolier is singing harmony with himself, or else Miles is imagining the accompaniment.

Picardie is also a region in northern France and "during the Middle Ages... included the Dutch speaking Flanders." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picardy] The region was a hotbed of action along the Western Front in WWI and played host to the Battle of the Somme, which totaled more than a million casualties and was "one of the bloodiest battles in human history."[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme]

'''''stabilimento''''' 
Italian: establishment.

==Page 245==
'''Garibaldi''' 
Famous Italian leader, major figure in the Italian Unification. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garibaldi Wikipedia]

'''''"Ehi, sugo!"''''' 
"Hey, sauce!" Does this make sense to anyone?
It does not make any sense in Italian.

'''twentyfold''' 
5 chums times 4 suspects each. (Randolph suspects Lindsay, Miles, Darby and Chick of being the leak; and so on around the crew. And that assumes no one suspects Pugnax!)

'''''osteria''''' 
tavern.

'''San Polo''' 
The smallest district/area in Venice, and among the oldest. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Polo Wikipedia]

'''''rio''''' 
narrow waterway in Venice.

'''against the night''' 
OK...

'''''calli''''' 
Venetian 'street' or 'lane'.

==Page 246==

'''''sotoporteghi''''' 
passageways. See picture for one example [http://www.dialetto-veneto.it/images/FotoComano/Comano-Cattognano.jpg].

'''''"Sa stai, O! Lungo, ehi!"''''' 
It does not mean anything in Italian or in the Venetian dialect. One possibility is mimicking the callouts of gondoliers. ''Lungo'' could be someone's nickname. 
Other possibility is a wrong lettering of: ''Xa star, oh! Lungo, ehi!'', meaning ''Ehi, Lungo, let it be and let's go!'' or something similar.

'''''cameriere''''' 
Italian: waitresses (plural of ''cameriera'').

'''''pallonisti''''' 
(fake-)Italian: balloonists.

'''''Ehi, macché, Pina! ''''' 
Italian: Ehi, Giusep(Pina), what are you telling me?

'''''giadrul''''' 
Again, doesn't mean anything in Italian or Venetian dialect. Seems to be a [https://listserv.heanet.ie/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0007&L=irtrad-l&D=0&T=0&P=94630 term of insult], variously described as American-Italian only (see previous link) and southern Italian (see next). One source gives one meaning as "[http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070318034908AAem49X zuccone]" - this appears to mean "[http://notes.tranq.com/archives/2004/01/23/zuccone/ pumpkinhead]". I guess we're looking for something phallic, given the context. 
(''as far as I can see, it is an American-Italian deformation of the correct italian word "citrullo", which in fact is some sort of "dumb ass" '')

'''"with all the spaghetti-joints in this town to choose from, are you saying those dadblame Russians have come in ''here''?"''' 
reminiscent of a similar line from the film ''Casablanca'', spoken by Humphrey Bogart: "Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks into mine."

==Page 247==

'''tacchino in pomegranate sauce''' 
turkey in pomegranate sauce and, presumably, the "Purple Thanksgiving" to which Miles refers above.

'''''Dum vivimus, bibamus''''' 
While we live, let us drink. Paraphrase of "Dum vivimus, vivamus".

'''vini frizzanti''' 
sparkling wine.

'''SANGUIS RUBER, MENS PURA''' 
Latin: Red blood, clean mind.

'''''Serrata del Maggior Consiglio''''' 
Great Council Lockout, 1297. Link to the "Maggior Consiglio" entry on Reference.com [http://www.reference.com/browse/all/Maggior%20Consiglio]

'''Napoleon's abolition''' 
1797. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doge_of_Venice Wikipedia]

'''Polos' return''' 
Marco Polo together with his father and uncle returned to Venice in 1295 from their travel to China started in 1271. 

''Marco Polo'' (1254-1324), a Venetian traveller. Was born of a nobel family at Venice, while his father and uncle had gone on a mercantile expedition by Constantinople and the Crimea to Bokhara and to Cathy (China). The Mongol prince commissioned them as envoys to the Pope, a commission they tried in vain to carry out in Italy (1269). The Polos started again a new trip to China in 1271, taking with them young Marco,
and arrived at the court of Kublai Khan in 1275 by way of Kashgar, Yarkand, and Khotan to Lop Nor, then across the Gobi desert to Kansu and Shang-tu. Marco Polo entered the diplomatic service of Kublai Khan and was sent on missions to various parts of the Mongol empire. The Polos left China on 1282 and returned by way of Sumatra, India, and Persia to Venice (1295). In 1298 Marco was in command of a galley at the battle of Curzola, where the Venetians were defeated by the Genoese, and he was a prisoner for a year at Genoa. Here it was thought that he dictated to another captive an account of his travels, published under the title of ''Divisamemt dou monde''. (English title: ''The Travels of Marco Polo''.) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo Marco Polo].)

''Kublai Khan'' (1214-94), Mongol khan, emperor of China, grandson of Jenghiz Khan. He completed the conquest of northern China and became the first foreigner ever to rule China. An enegetic prince, he suppressed his rivals, adopted the Chinese mode of civilisation, encouraged men of letters and made Buddhism the state religion. But his attempt to invade Japan ended in disaster. His dominions extended from Arctic Ocean to the Strait of Malacca, and from Korea to Asia Minor and the confines of Hungary. The splendor of his court inspired the graphic pages of Marco Polo. (from Chambers Biographical Dictionary, 1984 edition.)

==Page 248==

[[image:doge.jpg|thumb|100px|Doge by Giovanni Bellini|right]]'''Doge's hat''' 
For some thousand years, the chief magistrate and leader of the Most Serene Republic of Venice was styled the Doge, a rare but not unique Italian title derived from the Latin Dux, as the major Italian parallel Duce and the English Duke. Doges of Venice were elected for life by the city-state's aristocracy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doge_of_Venice Wikipedia entry]

'''''Attenzione al culo''''' 
Italian: watch your ass.

'''Shambhala''' 
In Tibetan Buddhist tradition, Shambhala is a mystical kingdom hidden somewhere beyond the snowpeaks of the Himalayas. Shambhala is believed to be a society where all the inhabitants are enlightened. During the 19th century, Theosophical Society founder H.P. Blavatsky alluded to the Shambhala myth, giving it currency for Western occult enthusiasts. Later esoteric writers further emphasized and elaborated on the concept of a hidden land inhabited by a hidden mystic brotherhood whose members labor for the good of humanity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shambhala Wikipedia entry]

'''Professor Svegli of the University of Pisa''' 
The fictional professor's name comes from the Italian ''sveglio'' for "clever, dextrous, skillful."

'''"try to forget the usual picture in two dimensions"''' 
Cf. page 220, the idea behind the ''Tetractys'' as explained by Nigel and Neville.

'''an episode of intentional blindness''' 
Echoes the "denial of ordinary vision" that Lew sees when he meets Professor Renfrew (p. 240). Might these "blind spots" in sense evoke Iceland Spar?

==Page 249==

'''"Those whose enduring object is power in this world are only too happy to use without remorse the others, whose aim is of course to transcend all question of power. Each regards the other as a pack of deluded fools."''' 
Over time, Pynchon appears to have come to a belief in a massive conflict between cultures "valuing analysis and differentiation" and those valuing "unity and integration". The two alternate maps of Asia could be a reference to these disparate worldviews.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V. Wikipedia entry on V.]

'''The problem lies with the projection''' 
(a) Projection by each group of its own obsession onto the other group. (b) Cartographic projection, i.e., how the round world gets imaged onto a flat sheet of paper.

'''paramorphoscope''' 
AtD is itself a paramorphoscope; satire and science fiction typically hold up a distorting mirror to the world in which they are written, and present worlds "set to the side of the one we have taken". In the end the correct paramorphic "mirror" shows the world clearly.

'''"a certain percentage of them went mad and ended up in the asylum on San Servolo"''' 
Cf. the Northern Ohio Insane Asylum with its light-obsessed inmates at [[ATD_57-80#Page_59|page 59]].

'''the asylum on San Servolo''' 
First established as a military hospital in 1715, later became a mental asylum. Seems that San Servolo is to Venice what Bedlam is to London. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo Wikipedia]

'''Clifford's term''' 
W.K. Clifford, (1845-1879): an English mathematician. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kingdon_Clifford Wikipedia]

==Page 250==

[[Image:stmarks.jpg|thumb|200px|right|St Mark's Basilica (Basilica di San Marco) in Venice]]
'''Dr. Cantor''' 
Georg Cantor (1845 - 1918), German mathematician. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor%27s_theorem Cantor's Theorem] is what is most relevant to his mention here.

'''the plano-convex designs of Griendl von Ach''' 
For a brief history of the compound-lens microscope, and the roles played by the Italians and the Dutch, including Griendl von Ach, see:
http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Microscope

'''prophetic vision of St. Mark''' 
Mark the Evangelist (1st century) is traditionally believed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark and a companion of Peter. From [http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/brown-venice.html this site]: "...a prophetic dream that Mark was said to have experienced during his earlier, supposed ministry in the area of the Venetian lagoon. In it he was visited by an angel who told him that he would find his final resting place on the very site where San Marco would later be built." In the first century there was no settlement worth mentioning in the Lagoon yet. The prophecy was "fulfilled" in 828 when the saint's remains stolen on orders of Doge Giustiniano Participazio in Alexandria were brought to Venice. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist Wikipedia entry] St. Mark is represented by a winged lion and is the patron saint of Venice [http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/saintm08.htm].

'''''but in reverse''''' 
Miles now takes the place of the angel. Who or what is the "Being" and what form does the prophecy take?

'''neither sails, masts, nor oars''' 
Not a craft that is driven by the wind or human muscle. To say more could spoil a plot point.

==Page 251==

[[Image:stmarklion.jpg|thumb|600px|center|The Lion of St. Mark, by Carpaccio]]

'''Lion of St. Mark by Carpaccion''' 
Vittore Carpaccio (c.1460–1525/6) was a Venetian painter. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittore_Carpaccio Wikipedia entry]

'''the vision of St. Mark, but in reverse''' 
In St. Mark's vision, an angel appeared to Mark and informed him that his remains would one day end up in his present location, which later became Venice. Here, Miles seems to assume the form of the angel (in the form of a lion?) and the 'promise' Pynchon mentions seems to be the angel's promise to Mark.

'''our own duty, our own fate... the real journey''' 
Pynchon's one-paragraph summation of human life and its meaning recalls a letter Pynchon wrote in the early 1960s, [[The_World_is_at_Fault|The World is at Fault]], in which he also summed up the entirety of human life in a few tidy sentences. Both employ the word 'pilgrimage.'

==Page 252==

'''''sotopòrteghi''''' 
Tunnels or passageways under large buildings.

'''tenebrous''' 
Means "shadowy" but is also a link back to the previous paragraph. The Tenebrae Service is a special form that is meant to recreate the feelings of the Passion story, also represented by the Stations of the Cross.

'''Glagolitic''' 
The Glagolitic Alphabet is the oldest known Slavic alphabet (9th c.). It originated as a tactic to lessen the dependence of the subjects of the Prince of Greater Moravia on Frankish priests, who banned it but could not suppress it; it played a similar role in preserving Bulgarian independence from Byzantium. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glagolitic] It appears to be a nexus of the kind of simultaneous temporal and spiritual tasks the Chums of Chance are now involved in. In this, it raises the issues first explored by Pynchon in the "Tchitcherine in Kyrghizia" sections of ''Gravity's Rainbow'' in which the introduction of a written alphabet causes immense political and social change.

'''Gauloise''' 
famous French cigarette. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauloise Wikipedia].

'''''scusi''''' 
Italian: Excuse me.

'''''Affascinante, caro''''' 
Italian: Fascinating, dear (addressed to a male person).

'''''ragazzo''''' 
Italian: Boy.

'''''Mattoidi''''' 
Italian: Semi-insane persons. The word was [http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-mat1.htm coined by Cesare Lombroso,] the physiognomist.

'''''Prego''''' 
Italian: Please.

==Page 253==

'''Pozzuoli''' 
A city in the Province of Naples (''Napoli'') in the region of Campania. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozzuoli Wikipedia].

'''The Tarocchi are much, much older.''' 
Not at all! This is one of those ideas that rarely gets questioned, especially since some "interpreters" of the tarot claim ancient Egyptian origins. The actually only [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot date back to the 15th century], as playing cards, and tarot divination was invented in the 19th century, with absolutely no historical precedent.

However, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleister_Crowley Aleister Crowley] in his writings and the design of his own version of the tarot, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Thoth_(Crowley) Thoth Deck], made a case for the Tarot unifying and being rooted in much older divination methods from Ancient egypt to the[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabbalah Kabbalah] to Greek [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology astrology]. Crowley's Golden Dawn gets a previous mention in ATD. Though work on the Thoth deck would not begin until 1938, Crowley´s assignment of the Kabbalah's [http://jktarot.com/naples Sephiroth to the major arcana] probably bears attention when considering the chapter structure of ATD: he called the correspondence "The Naples Arrangement" in honour of having worked it out there, and this passage's mention of Renata's business associate being in Naples at this moment is unlikely to be coincidence.
:Surely a robust skepticism toward Crowley and his research methods is in order? Consider, for example, this [http://www.tarothermit.com/letter.htm "open letter"] to tarot users—from a judicious scholar and believer, not a committed skeptic—making the point that if the cards embody images (of whatever origin) "speaking" to the reader or student, it isn't essential to press the further claim that they were invented by the god Thoth. The paintings lack a couple of millennia of "temporal bandwidth" but aren't necessarily voided of appeal by that, any more than Michelangelo's ''Pietà'' is a less-valid devotional object for having been sculpted 1500 years after the event.

'''''sfumato''''' 
Refers to a well known painting method which blends so subtly the colors and tones that no perceptible transition is visible, as demonstrated by Leonardo da Vince's ''Mona Lisa''. See [http://en/wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfumato Wikipedia]. 
The context seems to imply ''smoke'', then ''fumo'' instead should be used.
:No, the evocation of the painterly effect becomes a metaphor for the way the boat comes into sight.

==Page 254==

'''''Pax tibi, Darbe''''' 
Latin: Peace to you, Darby. ''Pax tibi'' is not at all obscure—devout Catholics used it as a parting formula—but Chick has Latinized Darby's name to ''Darbus'' (vocative case ''Darbe'') and may be consciously echoing the text in [[#Page_251|Carpaccio's lion painting]] or on a [[#Page_247|pre-Napoleonic]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg flag of the Most Serene Republic of Venice:] ''Pax tibi Marce evangelista meus,'' "Peace to you, Mark, my evangelist."

'''like some damned ''Farewell'' Symphony''' 
Franz Josef Haydn, 1772, Hungary. Musicians at Count Esterházy's court had been kept too long on duty (and away from their families). Going on strike would have been disrespectful, so in the last movement of Haydn's hinting work, the players one by one extinguish their candles and exit, leaving two violins to play the last phrases.

'''"Chums of Chance were expected to die on the job. Or else live forever, there being two schools of thought, actually."''' 
Possibly a reference to the fact that the Chums seem to live simultaneously in the "real" world of the novel and also in fictional stories within the novel.

==Page 255==

'''Mostruccio''' 
Italian, literally: small monster, meant as a lovely nickname.

[[Image:samoyeds.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Samoyeds]]
'''Samoyeds''' 
These nomadic reindeer herders help with the herding, pull sleds, and are sometimes called "the smiley dog" in reference to their seemingly smiling faces. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoyed_(dog) Wikipedia]

'''Bastille Day''' 
The Campanile di San Marco collapsed 14 July 1902. Pynchon Wiki on the [[Campanile]].

'''''lasagnoni''''' 
Italian, plural of ''lasagnone'': Blowhard, braggart.

A hint may come from an Italian dictionary: a ''lasagnone'' being an awkward, simple person, the kind of loafers who abound on city squares or street corners and, consequently, may appear in tourists' pictures.

==Page 256==
[[Image:Campanile.jpg|thumb|200px|right]]

'''dual citizenship''' 
They live in two places, there are two skycraft, they point a gun at one place but the shell strikes a different place. Lots of '''bi-''' somethings in this passage.

'''the little-understood enigmata of the simultaneous''' 
The concept of simultaneous events, including the accurate definition and, moreover, the very ''need'' of such a definition, played a significant role in the soon-to-be formulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity Special Relativity Theory]. One of the main consequences of the theory is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativity_of_simultaneity relativity of simultaneity].

'''four-brick groupings''' 
Padzhitnoff sees the Campanile come apart as a game of Tetris! The "four-brick groupings [...] begin their gentle, undeadly descent, rotating and translating in all available modes". (See [[ATD_119-148#Page_123|page 123]] for more on Tetris.)

'''the tower collapses''' 
Might have some relation to the final poem of ''Gravity's Rainbow''. The fall of the tower is foreshadowed -- foretold, actually -- in Chick´s Tarot reading by Renata (See [[ATD_243-272#Page_253|page 253]]).

==Page 257==

'''What stood for a thousand years''' 
Pretty close: Construction of the Campanile began in the year 912.

'''deciduous''' 
Something that falls, drops or is shed, like leaves from a tree or baby teeth.

'''We had the weather-gauge''' 
In the days of sail, [http://www.weathergage.com/ weather gage] described the relative position of two ships or forces. If you were downwind you could run or, if you meant to engage the enemy, tack to approach him. Every time you changed tack you lost an opportunity to shoot (because your guns pointed left and right). If you lay upwind, you could keep your guns trained on the enemy throughout the engagement. The weather gage was an often decisive battle advantage, and the phrase is common in nautical narratives.

'''neuræsthenic prostration''' 
This is the third (at least) time Randolph has exhibited this tendency.

:This is the third time that this word has appeared so far, but in the second instance (page 188) it was used by Nigel to describe Lew Basnight, not Randolph.

:Not the word, but this reaction in Randolph occurred on pages 12 and 28. It seems to be a regular thing with him.

==Page 258==

'''Tetralith''' 
Modern math term for three dimensional solid formed by merging three hyperbolic paraboloids in a manner that they have a common midpoint. See [http://www.tetranometry.com/#tetralith Tetralith Photo #2]. Pynchon just means a Tetris-shaped projectile, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetromino Tetromino].
:A "monolith" (as in ''2001: A Space Odyssey'')means an "object made of a single block of stone". Hence "tetralith" means an "object made of four blocks of stone", which is exactly what you see on the game "Tetris".

'''Japanese character for "four" being same as that for "death"''' 
Not quite correct. The Japanese kanji (Chinese) characters for four 四 and death 死 are quite distinct, but can be pronounced in the same way, hence the taboo.

'''Ryohei Uchida''' 
Ultra-nationalist, founder of the Black Dragon Soceity (see below), a right-wing, paramilitary organization. See [http://members.tripod.com/ravenshrine/uchida.html Ryohei Uchida].

'''''polny pizdets''''' 
Crude Russian: a total screwup.

'''Black Dragon Society''' 
A paramiltary, ultra-nationalist, right-wing organization in Japan founded by Ryohei Uchida in 1901. Its initial public goal was to support Janpanese expansion in Manchuria. Therefore, during the period from 1901 to the end of World War I, it aimed to help the Japanese government drive the Russian presence out of that region. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 (a war fought over Manchuria, with the Russians soundly defeated) it was active in espionage, sabotage and assassination against the Russians. During the 20's, 30's and later periods the Black Dragon Society evolved and expanded its activities around the world, including the United States. It was finally disbanded in 1946 by General MacArthur after World War II. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokuryu-kai Wikipedia entry].

'''''Smirno''''' 
Russian: quiet!

==Page 259==

'''''dov'era, com'era''''' 
Italian: where it was, as it was. See [http://veniceblog.typepad.com/veniceblog/2003/12/comera_dovera.html veniceblog]. On July 14, 1902 the St. Mark's Campanile in Piazza San Marco, Venice, mysteriously and totally collapsed. Under the 'battle cry' of '''''com'era, dov'era''''' it was rebuilt. The Campanile was reopened on April 25 (St. Mark's Day) 1912. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mark's_Campanile St. Mark's Campanile]. Also, Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 256|page 256:the tower collapses]].

''''La Marangona''''' 
The largest bell in the campanile is called la Marangona. At midnight, that massive bell resounds alone from high in the Piazza, and can be heard from almost any point in the city. There are four other bells in the campanile and they each have a name.

'''"Bells are the most ancient objects. They call to us out of eternity"''' 
This chapter is bookended by references to bells. It opens, "Across the city noontide a field of bells emerged into flower."

==Page 260==

'''Deuce and Sloat return''' 
These two, it will be recalled, are the men hired by the mine owners to kill Webb Traverse. (193) It is unclear who is whose sidekick. ([[ATD_171-198#Page_195|195]]) Sloat tends to bodies, Deuce the spirit. ([[ATD_171-198#Page_197|197]])

'''Curly Dee''' 
Mathematicians call the "partial derivative" symbol "curly d." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_derivative Wikipedia shows the symbol.]

'''inside out''' 
Optical illusion.

==Page 261==

'''Nonpareil Eating House''' 
The motto over the door was probably "None Like It!"

'''Mayva and Lake''' 
Webb Traverse's wife and daughter.

'''lard smoke''' 
Cf. p. 10, "tall smokestacks unceasingly vomiting black grease-smoke," and p. 216, "Just greasy ashes by the trailside."

'''biscuit-shooter''' 
I.e., a cook.

'''Cañon City''' 
Site of the Colorado State Penitentiary, meant to suggest Deuce and Sloat had done time there.

'''gong''' 
???
17:18, 1 January 2007 (PST)[[User:Bklyn48|Bklyn48]]
 "kicking the gong around" is slang for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnie_the_Moocher smoking opium]. Here, Sloat seems to mean that Deuce's opium smoking has affected his judgement.

==Page 262==

'''Willis Turnstone''' 
Turnstones are members of the sandpiper family, stocky birds that use their stout bills to flip over rocks and such in search of food. There are two species: Black Turnstone (''Arenaria melanocephala'') and Ruddy Turnstone (''A. interpres''). The [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Ruddy_Turnstone.html Ruddy's] breeding plumage is a bold calico of white, orange, and black.

==Page 263==

'''"Crazier."''' 
Cf Bonnie and Clyde.

'''Oleander Prudge''' 
A name that brings joy to the heart of any Dickensian who happens to be reading along.

==Page 264==

'''single-jacker''' 
A miner who with a hammer and spike cuts a hole into rock for placement of a stick of dynamite. A set of holes are cut for each "synchronized" blast.
(Double jackers work as a team.)
Infer (this) one as a loner, a bit crazy, single minded, silent, easily hurt or misunderstood, doesn't play well with others...

==Page 265==

'''backing away down the valley''' 
It's instructive to look at a [http://www.vacationtelluride.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=standard&categoryId=11&subCategoryId=0 map or satellite photo of Telluride.] You could very well lay a single track from the mouth of the valley up to the town, but no farther. So the train drives into the station, then backs out until there's room for a spur where it can turn around.

'''gullet of days''' 
Metaphor. The miners' lives "as easily (as jug whisky)disappeared down the throat of everyday life".

==Page 266==

'''white-throated swift''' 
A swift is a small plainly colored bird similar to a swallow. The [http://identify.whatbird.com/obj/187/_/White-throated_Swift.aspx white-throated species,] which breeds in the western U.S. and winters in Mexico, is less plain than some. And get the species name: '''''Aeronaut'''es saxatalis.''

'''November''' 
November 1903.

'''in January, martial law''' 
January 3, 1904.

'''nymph du pave''' 
should probably read "nymphE du pave": [http://dict.die.net/nymphe%20du%20pave/ street-whore]. Theoretically this could also translate as: (image of a) nymph on a mosaic (tesselated floor) - like the huge roman one of Ariadne in the Rue du Pavé in Avenche (Switzerland) [http://www.stub.unibe.ch/welten/texte/herzig.html german weblink]

Most likely not (the mosaic idea); this is a consecrated term for prostitute. Note: in French, pavé means cobblestone. --[[User:Kirkm|Kirkm]] 02:09, 3 March 2007 (PST)

'''geometric episode''' 
Vaguely reminiscent of Proust on Combray: "And on one of the longest walks we ever took from Combray there was a spot where the narrow road emerged suddenly on to an immense plain, closed at the horizon by strips of forest over which rose and stood alone the fine point of Saint-Hilaire's steeple, but so sharpened and so pink that it seemed to be no more than sketched on the sky by the finger-nail of a painter anxious to give to such a landscape, to so pure a piece of 'nature,' this little sign of art, this single indication of human existence." [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/8swnn10.txt etext]

'''Engelmann spruce''' 
[http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=175 Picea engelmannii,] a light-colored, easily worked wood with fairly straight grain and slight contrast between heartwood and sapwood; [http://www.fs.fed.us/r4/boise/trees/engelmann.shtml uses include] piano sounding boards and the tops of violins and guitars, hence the association with the acoustics of the church.

A short biography of Dr. Engelmann (lit. Angel-Man) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Engelmann Wikipedia-Entry], more elaborated on [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Engelmann german site]

'''albatross cloth''' 
Evidently a distinct color/design for a wedding or wedding party dress in the West at the time. I have no OED at the moment, but there are at least two online "diaries" or descriptions using the phrase. Here is one: "We were married August 6, 1896 at 7:30 AM at my folk’s residence among friends and relatives. To honor the event, my folks had our parlor decorated with many flowers including roses, myrtle and geraniums. I wore an elegant gown of white silk and albatross cloth."

==Page 267==

'''Osterbybruk''' 
Town noted for ironmaking, 20 miles (32 km) north of Uppsala, eastern Sweden, nowhere near Jämtland (next entry).

'''Jemt-land''' 
A Province in west central Sweden [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4mtland Wikipedia.] The hyphen is not part of the name and probably marks a syncopation in the rev's delivery.

'''Child of the storm''' 
See the [http://againsttheday.wordpress.com/?s=child+of+the+storm ATD Weblog entry].

==Page 268==

'''sideways pussy''' 
Folklore.

'''side hobbles''' 
A hobble is a device for a horse or a dog that restricts the range of motion of the legs. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobble Wikipedia entry]. 
A [http://www.chronicleforums.com/Forum/archive/index.php/t-67850.html side hobble or Scotch hobble] links the horse's two left or two right legs, restricting its movement. 
"Hobble" also describes a type of skirt used (apparently) in bondage, see this [http://www.darksidecreations.com/product.asp?productid=19 example (not safe for work)] in latex.

==Page 269==

'''items, nearly always stolen''' 
Cf bower-bird.

'''marmot''' 
A stout-bodied, short-legged rodent that has coarse fur, a short bushy tail, and very short ears, lives in burrows, and hibernates in winter; also: a prairie dog or one of the larger ground squirrels. Marmots are native to Colorado and live at the higher altitudes. They are about the size of a weasel.

'''''"huevón"''''' 
From hueva (egg). According to [http://juantornoe.blogs.com/hispanictrending/2004/06/huevon_and_guey.html this blog] huevon "literally refers to the size of a mans "cojones" (another pseudo decent word that has seen a lot of mainstream play). It is commonly used to indicate how lazy someone is. The bigger the "huevon" you are, the lazier. As with "guey", however, this too has often been used to say dude or buddy."

'''''pinche cabron''''' 
fucking asshole.

==Page 270==

'''he even bombs by the moon''' 
I.e., he waits for a favorable phase. People who "plant by the signs," for example, associate days of the lunar month to parts of the plant and of the human body. They sow squash (vines) under one sign and lettuce (leaves) under another; they sow nothing at all when the moon is waning. Would a moon-guided bomber blow up trestles (legs) at one phase and plutocrats (belly) at another?

==Page 271==

'''skip''' 
In mining, a skip is "an iron bucket, which slides between guides,
for hoisting mineral and rock." Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) 

'''ex-Danite''' 
Danites were Joseph Smith's vigilantes, "Armies of Israel", during the Mormon War 1838 in Missouri, i.e., before travel to Utah.

'''"Avenging Angels"''' 
Refers to [http://www.ugca.org/ugca1099/ugca1099main.htm Civil War-vintage Colt pistols] usually with sawn off barrels.

==Page 272==

'''the Dolores''' 
Dolores River runs through Cortez (where Deuce seems to be, next to exploding cactus p270). "We woke up in the Dolores... [VALLEY/REGION/HOTEL]"

'''a luminous face suspended''' 

Some large convex object in the sky.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 243-272

2007-07-17T08:30:59Z

Sonni: /* Page 246 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 243==

'''The Chums return''' 
When were the Chums last seen in AtD? As far back as page 142?

A brief reminder of who the Chums are and what we know about them so far:
:'''Randolph St. Cosmo''', commander.
:'''Lindsay Noseworth''', Master-at-Arms and second in command, hates slackers and slang.
:'''Miles Blundell''', handyman, awkward, with an "ample waist" (11), also ship's Commissary, whose cooking ranges from pure cordon bleu to inedible. (110)
:'''Darby Suckling''', the baby of the crew, served "as both factotum and mascotte". By page 141 or so, has transformed from spirited youth to bomb obsessed, (111) sneering, snide cynic. Because of hitting adolescence?
:'''Chick Counterfly''', the newest member of the crew, picked up by the Chums in the South while on the run from the KKK. At last appearance, had become Dr. Counterfly, knowledgeable Science Officer aboard the Inconvenience (141). Reliably humorous. (110). Chick's style of speech here seems intermediate between the country boy of the early chapters and the sophisticated Dr Counterfly who met the Vormance expedition. Are we also at an intermediate point on the timeline?

[[image:fumaioli.jpg|thumb|150px|Fumaioli in Venice|right]]
'''''fumaioli''''' 
Italian: ''funnels''; fumaioli are large wide-topped chimneys, common to the rooftops of Venice.

'''''certo''''' 
sure, certain.

'''''Seccatura''''' 
Italian: ''Inconvenience''

==Page 244==

'''''ragazza''''' 
Italian: ''girl''.

'''Picardy thirds''' 
The use of a major chord at the end of a musical section in a minor key. Miles seems just as moved by them as Lew. [[ATD_26-56#Page_50 | Cf p50]]

The gondolier is singing harmony with himself, or else Miles is imagining the accompaniment.

Picardie is also a region in northern France and "during the Middle Ages... included the Dutch speaking Flanders." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picardy] The region was a hotbed of action along the Western Front in WWI and played host to the Battle of the Somme, which totaled more than a million casualties and was "one of the bloodiest battles in human history."[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme]

'''''stabilimento''''' 
Italian: establishment.

==Page 245==
'''Garibaldi''' 
Famous Italian leader, major figure in the Italian Unification. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garibaldi Wikipedia]

'''''"Ehi, sugo!"''''' 
"Hey, sauce!" Does this make sense to anyone?
It does not make any sense in Italian.

'''twentyfold''' 
5 chums times 4 suspects each. (Randolph suspects Lindsay, Miles, Darby and Chick of being the leak; and so on around the crew. And that assumes no one suspects Pugnax!)

'''''osteria''''' 
tavern.

'''San Polo''' 
The smallest district/area in Venice, and among the oldest. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Polo Wikipedia]

'''''rio''''' 
narrow waterway in Venice.

'''against the night''' 
OK...

'''''calli''''' 
Venetian 'street' or 'lane'.

==Page 246==

'''''sotoporteghi''''' 
passageways. See picture for one example [http://www.dialetto-veneto.it/images/FotoComano/Comano-Cattognano.jpg].

'''''"Sa stai, O! Lungo, ehi!"''''' 
It does not mean anything in Italian or in the Venetian dialect. One possibility is mimicking the callouts of gondoliers. ''Lungo'' could be someone's nickname. 
Other possibility is a wrong lettering of: ''Xa star, oh! Lungo, ehi!'', meaning ''Ehi, Lungo, let it be and let's go!'' or something similar.

'''''cameriere''''' 
Italian: waitresses (plural of ''cameriera'').

'''''pallonisti''''' 
Italian: balloonists.

'''''Ehi, macché, Pina! ''''' 
Italian: Ehi, Giusep(Pina), what are you telling me?

'''''giadrul''''' 
Again, doesn't mean anything in Italian or Venetian dialect. Seems to be a [https://listserv.heanet.ie/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0007&L=irtrad-l&D=0&T=0&P=94630 term of insult], variously described as American-Italian only (see previous link) and southern Italian (see next). One source gives one meaning as "[http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070318034908AAem49X zuccone]" - this appears to mean "[http://notes.tranq.com/archives/2004/01/23/zuccone/ pumpkinhead]". I guess we're looking for something phallic, given the context. 
(''as far as I can see, it is an American-Italian deformation of the correct italian word "citrullo", which in fact is some sort of "dumb ass" '')

'''"with all the spaghetti-joints in this town to choose from, are you saying those dadblame Russians have come in ''here''?"''' 
reminiscent of a similar line from the film ''Casablanca'', spoken by Humphrey Bogart: "Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks into mine."

==Page 247==

'''tacchino in pomegranate sauce''' 
turkey in pomegranate sauce and, presumably, the "Purple Thanksgiving" to which Miles refers above.

'''''Dum vivimus, bibamus''''' 
While we live, let us drink. Paraphrase of "Dum vivimus, vivamus".

'''vini frizzanti''' 
sparkling wine.

'''SANGUIS RUBER, MENS PURA''' 
Latin: Red blood, clean mind.

'''''Serrata del Maggior Consiglio''''' 
Great Council Lockout, 1297. Link to the "Maggior Consiglio" entry on Reference.com [http://www.reference.com/browse/all/Maggior%20Consiglio]

'''Napoleon's abolition''' 
1797. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doge_of_Venice Wikipedia]

'''Polos' return''' 
Marco Polo together with his father and uncle returned to Venice in 1295 from their travel to China started in 1271. 

''Marco Polo'' (1254-1324), a Venetian traveller. Was born of a nobel family at Venice, while his father and uncle had gone on a mercantile expedition by Constantinople and the Crimea to Bokhara and to Cathy (China). The Mongol prince commissioned them as envoys to the Pope, a commission they tried in vain to carry out in Italy (1269). The Polos started again a new trip to China in 1271, taking with them young Marco,
and arrived at the court of Kublai Khan in 1275 by way of Kashgar, Yarkand, and Khotan to Lop Nor, then across the Gobi desert to Kansu and Shang-tu. Marco Polo entered the diplomatic service of Kublai Khan and was sent on missions to various parts of the Mongol empire. The Polos left China on 1282 and returned by way of Sumatra, India, and Persia to Venice (1295). In 1298 Marco was in command of a galley at the battle of Curzola, where the Venetians were defeated by the Genoese, and he was a prisoner for a year at Genoa. Here it was thought that he dictated to another captive an account of his travels, published under the title of ''Divisamemt dou monde''. (English title: ''The Travels of Marco Polo''.) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo Marco Polo].)

''Kublai Khan'' (1214-94), Mongol khan, emperor of China, grandson of Jenghiz Khan. He completed the conquest of northern China and became the first foreigner ever to rule China. An enegetic prince, he suppressed his rivals, adopted the Chinese mode of civilisation, encouraged men of letters and made Buddhism the state religion. But his attempt to invade Japan ended in disaster. His dominions extended from Arctic Ocean to the Strait of Malacca, and from Korea to Asia Minor and the confines of Hungary. The splendor of his court inspired the graphic pages of Marco Polo. (from Chambers Biographical Dictionary, 1984 edition.)

==Page 248==

[[image:doge.jpg|thumb|100px|Doge by Giovanni Bellini|right]]'''Doge's hat''' 
For some thousand years, the chief magistrate and leader of the Most Serene Republic of Venice was styled the Doge, a rare but not unique Italian title derived from the Latin Dux, as the major Italian parallel Duce and the English Duke. Doges of Venice were elected for life by the city-state's aristocracy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doge_of_Venice Wikipedia entry]

'''''Attenzione al culo''''' 
Italian: watch your ass.

'''Shambhala''' 
In Tibetan Buddhist tradition, Shambhala is a mystical kingdom hidden somewhere beyond the snowpeaks of the Himalayas. Shambhala is believed to be a society where all the inhabitants are enlightened. During the 19th century, Theosophical Society founder H.P. Blavatsky alluded to the Shambhala myth, giving it currency for Western occult enthusiasts. Later esoteric writers further emphasized and elaborated on the concept of a hidden land inhabited by a hidden mystic brotherhood whose members labor for the good of humanity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shambhala Wikipedia entry]

'''Professor Svegli of the University of Pisa''' 
The fictional professor's name comes from the Italian ''sveglio'' for "clever, dextrous, skillful."

'''"try to forget the usual picture in two dimensions"''' 
Cf. page 220, the idea behind the ''Tetractys'' as explained by Nigel and Neville.

'''an episode of intentional blindness''' 
Echoes the "denial of ordinary vision" that Lew sees when he meets Professor Renfrew (p. 240). Might these "blind spots" in sense evoke Iceland Spar?

==Page 249==

'''"Those whose enduring object is power in this world are only too happy to use without remorse the others, whose aim is of course to transcend all question of power. Each regards the other as a pack of deluded fools."''' 
Over time, Pynchon appears to have come to a belief in a massive conflict between cultures "valuing analysis and differentiation" and those valuing "unity and integration". The two alternate maps of Asia could be a reference to these disparate worldviews.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V. Wikipedia entry on V.]

'''The problem lies with the projection''' 
(a) Projection by each group of its own obsession onto the other group. (b) Cartographic projection, i.e., how the round world gets imaged onto a flat sheet of paper.

'''paramorphoscope''' 
AtD is itself a paramorphoscope; satire and science fiction typically hold up a distorting mirror to the world in which they are written, and present worlds "set to the side of the one we have taken". In the end the correct paramorphic "mirror" shows the world clearly.

'''"a certain percentage of them went mad and ended up in the asylum on San Servolo"''' 
Cf. the Northern Ohio Insane Asylum with its light-obsessed inmates at [[ATD_57-80#Page_59|page 59]].

'''the asylum on San Servolo''' 
First established as a military hospital in 1715, later became a mental asylum. Seems that San Servolo is to Venice what Bedlam is to London. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo Wikipedia]

'''Clifford's term''' 
W.K. Clifford, (1845-1879): an English mathematician. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kingdon_Clifford Wikipedia]

==Page 250==

[[Image:stmarks.jpg|thumb|200px|right|St Mark's Basilica (Basilica di San Marco) in Venice]]
'''Dr. Cantor''' 
Georg Cantor (1845 - 1918), German mathematician. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor%27s_theorem Cantor's Theorem] is what is most relevant to his mention here.

'''the plano-convex designs of Griendl von Ach''' 
For a brief history of the compound-lens microscope, and the roles played by the Italians and the Dutch, including Griendl von Ach, see:
http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Microscope

'''prophetic vision of St. Mark''' 
Mark the Evangelist (1st century) is traditionally believed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark and a companion of Peter. From [http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/brown-venice.html this site]: "...a prophetic dream that Mark was said to have experienced during his earlier, supposed ministry in the area of the Venetian lagoon. In it he was visited by an angel who told him that he would find his final resting place on the very site where San Marco would later be built." In the first century there was no settlement worth mentioning in the Lagoon yet. The prophecy was "fulfilled" in 828 when the saint's remains stolen on orders of Doge Giustiniano Participazio in Alexandria were brought to Venice. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist Wikipedia entry] St. Mark is represented by a winged lion and is the patron saint of Venice [http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/saintm08.htm].

'''''but in reverse''''' 
Miles now takes the place of the angel. Who or what is the "Being" and what form does the prophecy take?

'''neither sails, masts, nor oars''' 
Not a craft that is driven by the wind or human muscle. To say more could spoil a plot point.

==Page 251==

[[Image:stmarklion.jpg|thumb|600px|center|The Lion of St. Mark, by Carpaccio]]

'''Lion of St. Mark by Carpaccion''' 
Vittore Carpaccio (c.1460–1525/6) was a Venetian painter. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittore_Carpaccio Wikipedia entry]

'''the vision of St. Mark, but in reverse''' 
In St. Mark's vision, an angel appeared to Mark and informed him that his remains would one day end up in his present location, which later became Venice. Here, Miles seems to assume the form of the angel (in the form of a lion?) and the 'promise' Pynchon mentions seems to be the angel's promise to Mark.

'''our own duty, our own fate... the real journey''' 
Pynchon's one-paragraph summation of human life and its meaning recalls a letter Pynchon wrote in the early 1960s, [[The_World_is_at_Fault|The World is at Fault]], in which he also summed up the entirety of human life in a few tidy sentences. Both employ the word 'pilgrimage.'

==Page 252==

'''''sotopòrteghi''''' 
Tunnels or passageways under large buildings.

'''tenebrous''' 
Means "shadowy" but is also a link back to the previous paragraph. The Tenebrae Service is a special form that is meant to recreate the feelings of the Passion story, also represented by the Stations of the Cross.

'''Glagolitic''' 
The Glagolitic Alphabet is the oldest known Slavic alphabet (9th c.). It originated as a tactic to lessen the dependence of the subjects of the Prince of Greater Moravia on Frankish priests, who banned it but could not suppress it; it played a similar role in preserving Bulgarian independence from Byzantium. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glagolitic] It appears to be a nexus of the kind of simultaneous temporal and spiritual tasks the Chums of Chance are now involved in. In this, it raises the issues first explored by Pynchon in the "Tchitcherine in Kyrghizia" sections of ''Gravity's Rainbow'' in which the introduction of a written alphabet causes immense political and social change.

'''Gauloise''' 
famous French cigarette. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauloise Wikipedia].

'''''scusi''''' 
Italian: Excuse me.

'''''Affascinante, caro''''' 
Italian: Fascinating, dear (addressed to a male person).

'''''ragazzo''''' 
Italian: Boy.

'''''Mattoidi''''' 
Italian: Semi-insane persons. The word was [http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-mat1.htm coined by Cesare Lombroso,] the physiognomist.

'''''Prego''''' 
Italian: Please.

==Page 253==

'''Pozzuoli''' 
A city in the Province of Naples (''Napoli'') in the region of Campania. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozzuoli Wikipedia].

'''The Tarocchi are much, much older.''' 
Not at all! This is one of those ideas that rarely gets questioned, especially since some "interpreters" of the tarot claim ancient Egyptian origins. The actually only [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot date back to the 15th century], as playing cards, and tarot divination was invented in the 19th century, with absolutely no historical precedent.

However, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleister_Crowley Aleister Crowley] in his writings and the design of his own version of the tarot, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Thoth_(Crowley) Thoth Deck], made a case for the Tarot unifying and being rooted in much older divination methods from Ancient egypt to the[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabbalah Kabbalah] to Greek [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology astrology]. Crowley's Golden Dawn gets a previous mention in ATD. Though work on the Thoth deck would not begin until 1938, Crowley´s assignment of the Kabbalah's [http://jktarot.com/naples Sephiroth to the major arcana] probably bears attention when considering the chapter structure of ATD: he called the correspondence "The Naples Arrangement" in honour of having worked it out there, and this passage's mention of Renata's business associate being in Naples at this moment is unlikely to be coincidence.
:Surely a robust skepticism toward Crowley and his research methods is in order? Consider, for example, this [http://www.tarothermit.com/letter.htm "open letter"] to tarot users—from a judicious scholar and believer, not a committed skeptic—making the point that if the cards embody images (of whatever origin) "speaking" to the reader or student, it isn't essential to press the further claim that they were invented by the god Thoth. The paintings lack a couple of millennia of "temporal bandwidth" but aren't necessarily voided of appeal by that, any more than Michelangelo's ''Pietà'' is a less-valid devotional object for having been sculpted 1500 years after the event.

'''''sfumato''''' 
Refers to a well known painting method which blends so subtly the colors and tones that no perceptible transition is visible, as demonstrated by Leonardo da Vince's ''Mona Lisa''. See [http://en/wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfumato Wikipedia]. 
The context seems to imply ''smoke'', then ''fumo'' instead should be used.
:No, the evocation of the painterly effect becomes a metaphor for the way the boat comes into sight.

==Page 254==

'''''Pax tibi, Darbe''''' 
Latin: Peace to you, Darby. ''Pax tibi'' is not at all obscure—devout Catholics used it as a parting formula—but Chick has Latinized Darby's name to ''Darbus'' (vocative case ''Darbe'') and may be consciously echoing the text in [[#Page_251|Carpaccio's lion painting]] or on a [[#Page_247|pre-Napoleonic]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg flag of the Most Serene Republic of Venice:] ''Pax tibi Marce evangelista meus,'' "Peace to you, Mark, my evangelist."

'''like some damned ''Farewell'' Symphony''' 
Franz Josef Haydn, 1772, Hungary. Musicians at Count Esterházy's court had been kept too long on duty (and away from their families). Going on strike would have been disrespectful, so in the last movement of Haydn's hinting work, the players one by one extinguish their candles and exit, leaving two violins to play the last phrases.

'''"Chums of Chance were expected to die on the job. Or else live forever, there being two schools of thought, actually."''' 
Possibly a reference to the fact that the Chums seem to live simultaneously in the "real" world of the novel and also in fictional stories within the novel.

==Page 255==

'''Mostruccio''' 
Italian, literally: small monster, meant as a lovely nickname.

[[Image:samoyeds.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Samoyeds]]
'''Samoyeds''' 
These nomadic reindeer herders help with the herding, pull sleds, and are sometimes called "the smiley dog" in reference to their seemingly smiling faces. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoyed_(dog) Wikipedia]

'''Bastille Day''' 
The Campanile di San Marco collapsed 14 July 1902. Pynchon Wiki on the [[Campanile]].

'''''lasagnoni''''' 
Italian, plural of ''lasagnone'': Blowhard, braggart.

A hint may come from an Italian dictionary: a ''lasagnone'' being an awkward, simple person, the kind of loafers who abound on city squares or street corners and, consequently, may appear in tourists' pictures.

==Page 256==
[[Image:Campanile.jpg|thumb|200px|right]]

'''dual citizenship''' 
They live in two places, there are two skycraft, they point a gun at one place but the shell strikes a different place. Lots of '''bi-''' somethings in this passage.

'''the little-understood enigmata of the simultaneous''' 
The concept of simultaneous events, including the accurate definition and, moreover, the very ''need'' of such a definition, played a significant role in the soon-to-be formulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity Special Relativity Theory]. One of the main consequences of the theory is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativity_of_simultaneity relativity of simultaneity].

'''four-brick groupings''' 
Padzhitnoff sees the Campanile come apart as a game of Tetris! The "four-brick groupings [...] begin their gentle, undeadly descent, rotating and translating in all available modes". (See [[ATD_119-148#Page_123|page 123]] for more on Tetris.)

'''the tower collapses''' 
Might have some relation to the final poem of ''Gravity's Rainbow''. The fall of the tower is foreshadowed -- foretold, actually -- in Chick´s Tarot reading by Renata (See [[ATD_243-272#Page_253|page 253]]).

==Page 257==

'''What stood for a thousand years''' 
Pretty close: Construction of the Campanile began in the year 912.

'''deciduous''' 
Something that falls, drops or is shed, like leaves from a tree or baby teeth.

'''We had the weather-gauge''' 
In the days of sail, [http://www.weathergage.com/ weather gage] described the relative position of two ships or forces. If you were downwind you could run or, if you meant to engage the enemy, tack to approach him. Every time you changed tack you lost an opportunity to shoot (because your guns pointed left and right). If you lay upwind, you could keep your guns trained on the enemy throughout the engagement. The weather gage was an often decisive battle advantage, and the phrase is common in nautical narratives.

'''neuræsthenic prostration''' 
This is the third (at least) time Randolph has exhibited this tendency.

:This is the third time that this word has appeared so far, but in the second instance (page 188) it was used by Nigel to describe Lew Basnight, not Randolph.

:Not the word, but this reaction in Randolph occurred on pages 12 and 28. It seems to be a regular thing with him.

==Page 258==

'''Tetralith''' 
Modern math term for three dimensional solid formed by merging three hyperbolic paraboloids in a manner that they have a common midpoint. See [http://www.tetranometry.com/#tetralith Tetralith Photo #2]. Pynchon just means a Tetris-shaped projectile, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetromino Tetromino].
:A "monolith" (as in ''2001: A Space Odyssey'')means an "object made of a single block of stone". Hence "tetralith" means an "object made of four blocks of stone", which is exactly what you see on the game "Tetris".

'''Japanese character for "four" being same as that for "death"''' 
Not quite correct. The Japanese kanji (Chinese) characters for four 四 and death 死 are quite distinct, but can be pronounced in the same way, hence the taboo.

'''Ryohei Uchida''' 
Ultra-nationalist, founder of the Black Dragon Soceity (see below), a right-wing, paramilitary organization. See [http://members.tripod.com/ravenshrine/uchida.html Ryohei Uchida].

'''''polny pizdets''''' 
Crude Russian: a total screwup.

'''Black Dragon Society''' 
A paramiltary, ultra-nationalist, right-wing organization in Japan founded by Ryohei Uchida in 1901. Its initial public goal was to support Janpanese expansion in Manchuria. Therefore, during the period from 1901 to the end of World War I, it aimed to help the Japanese government drive the Russian presence out of that region. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 (a war fought over Manchuria, with the Russians soundly defeated) it was active in espionage, sabotage and assassination against the Russians. During the 20's, 30's and later periods the Black Dragon Society evolved and expanded its activities around the world, including the United States. It was finally disbanded in 1946 by General MacArthur after World War II. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokuryu-kai Wikipedia entry].

'''''Smirno''''' 
Russian: quiet!

==Page 259==

'''''dov'era, com'era''''' 
Italian: where it was, as it was. See [http://veniceblog.typepad.com/veniceblog/2003/12/comera_dovera.html veniceblog]. On July 14, 1902 the St. Mark's Campanile in Piazza San Marco, Venice, mysteriously and totally collapsed. Under the 'battle cry' of '''''com'era, dov'era''''' it was rebuilt. The Campanile was reopened on April 25 (St. Mark's Day) 1912. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mark's_Campanile St. Mark's Campanile]. Also, Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 256|page 256:the tower collapses]].

''''La Marangona''''' 
The largest bell in the campanile is called la Marangona. At midnight, that massive bell resounds alone from high in the Piazza, and can be heard from almost any point in the city. There are four other bells in the campanile and they each have a name.

'''"Bells are the most ancient objects. They call to us out of eternity"''' 
This chapter is bookended by references to bells. It opens, "Across the city noontide a field of bells emerged into flower."

==Page 260==

'''Deuce and Sloat return''' 
These two, it will be recalled, are the men hired by the mine owners to kill Webb Traverse. (193) It is unclear who is whose sidekick. ([[ATD_171-198#Page_195|195]]) Sloat tends to bodies, Deuce the spirit. ([[ATD_171-198#Page_197|197]])

'''Curly Dee''' 
Mathematicians call the "partial derivative" symbol "curly d." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_derivative Wikipedia shows the symbol.]

'''inside out''' 
Optical illusion.

==Page 261==

'''Nonpareil Eating House''' 
The motto over the door was probably "None Like It!"

'''Mayva and Lake''' 
Webb Traverse's wife and daughter.

'''lard smoke''' 
Cf. p. 10, "tall smokestacks unceasingly vomiting black grease-smoke," and p. 216, "Just greasy ashes by the trailside."

'''biscuit-shooter''' 
I.e., a cook.

'''Cañon City''' 
Site of the Colorado State Penitentiary, meant to suggest Deuce and Sloat had done time there.

'''gong''' 
???
17:18, 1 January 2007 (PST)[[User:Bklyn48|Bklyn48]]
 "kicking the gong around" is slang for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnie_the_Moocher smoking opium]. Here, Sloat seems to mean that Deuce's opium smoking has affected his judgement.

==Page 262==

'''Willis Turnstone''' 
Turnstones are members of the sandpiper family, stocky birds that use their stout bills to flip over rocks and such in search of food. There are two species: Black Turnstone (''Arenaria melanocephala'') and Ruddy Turnstone (''A. interpres''). The [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Ruddy_Turnstone.html Ruddy's] breeding plumage is a bold calico of white, orange, and black.

==Page 263==

'''"Crazier."''' 
Cf Bonnie and Clyde.

'''Oleander Prudge''' 
A name that brings joy to the heart of any Dickensian who happens to be reading along.

==Page 264==

'''single-jacker''' 
A miner who with a hammer and spike cuts a hole into rock for placement of a stick of dynamite. A set of holes are cut for each "synchronized" blast.
(Double jackers work as a team.)
Infer (this) one as a loner, a bit crazy, single minded, silent, easily hurt or misunderstood, doesn't play well with others...

==Page 265==

'''backing away down the valley''' 
It's instructive to look at a [http://www.vacationtelluride.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=standard&categoryId=11&subCategoryId=0 map or satellite photo of Telluride.] You could very well lay a single track from the mouth of the valley up to the town, but no farther. So the train drives into the station, then backs out until there's room for a spur where it can turn around.

'''gullet of days''' 
Metaphor. The miners' lives "as easily (as jug whisky)disappeared down the throat of everyday life".

==Page 266==

'''white-throated swift''' 
A swift is a small plainly colored bird similar to a swallow. The [http://identify.whatbird.com/obj/187/_/White-throated_Swift.aspx white-throated species,] which breeds in the western U.S. and winters in Mexico, is less plain than some. And get the species name: '''''Aeronaut'''es saxatalis.''

'''November''' 
November 1903.

'''in January, martial law''' 
January 3, 1904.

'''nymph du pave''' 
should probably read "nymphE du pave": [http://dict.die.net/nymphe%20du%20pave/ street-whore]. Theoretically this could also translate as: (image of a) nymph on a mosaic (tesselated floor) - like the huge roman one of Ariadne in the Rue du Pavé in Avenche (Switzerland) [http://www.stub.unibe.ch/welten/texte/herzig.html german weblink]

Most likely not (the mosaic idea); this is a consecrated term for prostitute. Note: in French, pavé means cobblestone. --[[User:Kirkm|Kirkm]] 02:09, 3 March 2007 (PST)

'''geometric episode''' 
Vaguely reminiscent of Proust on Combray: "And on one of the longest walks we ever took from Combray there was a spot where the narrow road emerged suddenly on to an immense plain, closed at the horizon by strips of forest over which rose and stood alone the fine point of Saint-Hilaire's steeple, but so sharpened and so pink that it seemed to be no more than sketched on the sky by the finger-nail of a painter anxious to give to such a landscape, to so pure a piece of 'nature,' this little sign of art, this single indication of human existence." [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/8swnn10.txt etext]

'''Engelmann spruce''' 
[http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=175 Picea engelmannii,] a light-colored, easily worked wood with fairly straight grain and slight contrast between heartwood and sapwood; [http://www.fs.fed.us/r4/boise/trees/engelmann.shtml uses include] piano sounding boards and the tops of violins and guitars, hence the association with the acoustics of the church.

A short biography of Dr. Engelmann (lit. Angel-Man) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Engelmann Wikipedia-Entry], more elaborated on [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Engelmann german site]

'''albatross cloth''' 
Evidently a distinct color/design for a wedding or wedding party dress in the West at the time. I have no OED at the moment, but there are at least two online "diaries" or descriptions using the phrase. Here is one: "We were married August 6, 1896 at 7:30 AM at my folk’s residence among friends and relatives. To honor the event, my folks had our parlor decorated with many flowers including roses, myrtle and geraniums. I wore an elegant gown of white silk and albatross cloth."

==Page 267==

'''Osterbybruk''' 
Town noted for ironmaking, 20 miles (32 km) north of Uppsala, eastern Sweden, nowhere near Jämtland (next entry).

'''Jemt-land''' 
A Province in west central Sweden [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4mtland Wikipedia.] The hyphen is not part of the name and probably marks a syncopation in the rev's delivery.

'''Child of the storm''' 
See the [http://againsttheday.wordpress.com/?s=child+of+the+storm ATD Weblog entry].

==Page 268==

'''sideways pussy''' 
Folklore.

'''side hobbles''' 
A hobble is a device for a horse or a dog that restricts the range of motion of the legs. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobble Wikipedia entry]. 
A [http://www.chronicleforums.com/Forum/archive/index.php/t-67850.html side hobble or Scotch hobble] links the horse's two left or two right legs, restricting its movement. 
"Hobble" also describes a type of skirt used (apparently) in bondage, see this [http://www.darksidecreations.com/product.asp?productid=19 example (not safe for work)] in latex.

==Page 269==

'''items, nearly always stolen''' 
Cf bower-bird.

'''marmot''' 
A stout-bodied, short-legged rodent that has coarse fur, a short bushy tail, and very short ears, lives in burrows, and hibernates in winter; also: a prairie dog or one of the larger ground squirrels. Marmots are native to Colorado and live at the higher altitudes. They are about the size of a weasel.

'''''"huevón"''''' 
From hueva (egg). According to [http://juantornoe.blogs.com/hispanictrending/2004/06/huevon_and_guey.html this blog] huevon "literally refers to the size of a mans "cojones" (another pseudo decent word that has seen a lot of mainstream play). It is commonly used to indicate how lazy someone is. The bigger the "huevon" you are, the lazier. As with "guey", however, this too has often been used to say dude or buddy."

'''''pinche cabron''''' 
fucking asshole.

==Page 270==

'''he even bombs by the moon''' 
I.e., he waits for a favorable phase. People who "plant by the signs," for example, associate days of the lunar month to parts of the plant and of the human body. They sow squash (vines) under one sign and lettuce (leaves) under another; they sow nothing at all when the moon is waning. Would a moon-guided bomber blow up trestles (legs) at one phase and plutocrats (belly) at another?

==Page 271==

'''skip''' 
In mining, a skip is "an iron bucket, which slides between guides,
for hoisting mineral and rock." Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) 

'''ex-Danite''' 
Danites were Joseph Smith's vigilantes, "Armies of Israel", during the Mormon War 1838 in Missouri, i.e., before travel to Utah.

'''"Avenging Angels"''' 
Refers to [http://www.ugca.org/ugca1099/ugca1099main.htm Civil War-vintage Colt pistols] usually with sawn off barrels.

==Page 272==

'''the Dolores''' 
Dolores River runs through Cortez (where Deuce seems to be, next to exploding cactus p270). "We woke up in the Dolores... [VALLEY/REGION/HOTEL]"

'''a luminous face suspended''' 

Some large convex object in the sky.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 243-272

2007-07-17T08:30:30Z

Sonni: /* Page 246 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 243==

'''The Chums return''' 
When were the Chums last seen in AtD? As far back as page 142?

A brief reminder of who the Chums are and what we know about them so far:
:'''Randolph St. Cosmo''', commander.
:'''Lindsay Noseworth''', Master-at-Arms and second in command, hates slackers and slang.
:'''Miles Blundell''', handyman, awkward, with an "ample waist" (11), also ship's Commissary, whose cooking ranges from pure cordon bleu to inedible. (110)
:'''Darby Suckling''', the baby of the crew, served "as both factotum and mascotte". By page 141 or so, has transformed from spirited youth to bomb obsessed, (111) sneering, snide cynic. Because of hitting adolescence?
:'''Chick Counterfly''', the newest member of the crew, picked up by the Chums in the South while on the run from the KKK. At last appearance, had become Dr. Counterfly, knowledgeable Science Officer aboard the Inconvenience (141). Reliably humorous. (110). Chick's style of speech here seems intermediate between the country boy of the early chapters and the sophisticated Dr Counterfly who met the Vormance expedition. Are we also at an intermediate point on the timeline?

[[image:fumaioli.jpg|thumb|150px|Fumaioli in Venice|right]]
'''''fumaioli''''' 
Italian: ''funnels''; fumaioli are large wide-topped chimneys, common to the rooftops of Venice.

'''''certo''''' 
sure, certain.

'''''Seccatura''''' 
Italian: ''Inconvenience''

==Page 244==

'''''ragazza''''' 
Italian: ''girl''.

'''Picardy thirds''' 
The use of a major chord at the end of a musical section in a minor key. Miles seems just as moved by them as Lew. [[ATD_26-56#Page_50 | Cf p50]]

The gondolier is singing harmony with himself, or else Miles is imagining the accompaniment.

Picardie is also a region in northern France and "during the Middle Ages... included the Dutch speaking Flanders." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picardy] The region was a hotbed of action along the Western Front in WWI and played host to the Battle of the Somme, which totaled more than a million casualties and was "one of the bloodiest battles in human history."[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme]

'''''stabilimento''''' 
Italian: establishment.

==Page 245==
'''Garibaldi''' 
Famous Italian leader, major figure in the Italian Unification. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garibaldi Wikipedia]

'''''"Ehi, sugo!"''''' 
"Hey, sauce!" Does this make sense to anyone?
It does not make any sense in Italian.

'''twentyfold''' 
5 chums times 4 suspects each. (Randolph suspects Lindsay, Miles, Darby and Chick of being the leak; and so on around the crew. And that assumes no one suspects Pugnax!)

'''''osteria''''' 
tavern.

'''San Polo''' 
The smallest district/area in Venice, and among the oldest. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Polo Wikipedia]

'''''rio''''' 
narrow waterway in Venice.

'''against the night''' 
OK...

'''''calli''''' 
Venetian 'street' or 'lane'.

==Page 246==

'''''sotoporteghi''''' 
passageways. See picture for one example [http://www.dialetto-veneto.it/images/FotoComano/Comano-Cattognano.jpg].

'''''"Sa stai, O! Lungo, ehi!"''''' 
It does not mean anything in Italian or in the Venetian dialect. One possibility is mimicking the callouts of gondoliers. ''Lungo'' could be someone's nickname. 
Other possibility is a wrong lettering of: ''Xa star, oh! Lungo, ehi!'', meaning ''Ehi, Lungo, let it be and let's go!'' or something similar.

'''''cameriere''''' 
Italian: waitresses (plural of ''cameriera'').

'''''pallonisti''''' 
Italian: balloonists.

'''''Ehi, macché, Pina! ''''' 
Italian: Ehi, Giusep(Pina), what are you telling me?

'''''giadrul''''' 
Again, doesn't mean anything in Italian or Venetian dialect. Seems to be a [https://listserv.heanet.ie/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0007&L=irtrad-l&D=0&T=0&P=94630 term of insult], variously described as American-Italian only (see previous link) and southern Italian (see next). One source gives one meaning as "[http://it.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070318034908AAem49X zuccone]" - this appears to mean "[http://notes.tranq.com/archives/2004/01/23/zuccone/ pumpkinhead]". I guess we're looking for something phallic, given the context.
(''as far as I can see, it is an American-Italian deformation of the correct italian word "citrullo", which in fact is some sort of "dumb ass" ''

'''"with all the spaghetti-joints in this town to choose from, are you saying those dadblame Russians have come in ''here''?"''' 
reminiscent of a similar line from the film ''Casablanca'', spoken by Humphrey Bogart: "Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks into mine."

==Page 247==

'''tacchino in pomegranate sauce''' 
turkey in pomegranate sauce and, presumably, the "Purple Thanksgiving" to which Miles refers above.

'''''Dum vivimus, bibamus''''' 
While we live, let us drink. Paraphrase of "Dum vivimus, vivamus".

'''vini frizzanti''' 
sparkling wine.

'''SANGUIS RUBER, MENS PURA''' 
Latin: Red blood, clean mind.

'''''Serrata del Maggior Consiglio''''' 
Great Council Lockout, 1297. Link to the "Maggior Consiglio" entry on Reference.com [http://www.reference.com/browse/all/Maggior%20Consiglio]

'''Napoleon's abolition''' 
1797. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doge_of_Venice Wikipedia]

'''Polos' return''' 
Marco Polo together with his father and uncle returned to Venice in 1295 from their travel to China started in 1271. 

''Marco Polo'' (1254-1324), a Venetian traveller. Was born of a nobel family at Venice, while his father and uncle had gone on a mercantile expedition by Constantinople and the Crimea to Bokhara and to Cathy (China). The Mongol prince commissioned them as envoys to the Pope, a commission they tried in vain to carry out in Italy (1269). The Polos started again a new trip to China in 1271, taking with them young Marco,
and arrived at the court of Kublai Khan in 1275 by way of Kashgar, Yarkand, and Khotan to Lop Nor, then across the Gobi desert to Kansu and Shang-tu. Marco Polo entered the diplomatic service of Kublai Khan and was sent on missions to various parts of the Mongol empire. The Polos left China on 1282 and returned by way of Sumatra, India, and Persia to Venice (1295). In 1298 Marco was in command of a galley at the battle of Curzola, where the Venetians were defeated by the Genoese, and he was a prisoner for a year at Genoa. Here it was thought that he dictated to another captive an account of his travels, published under the title of ''Divisamemt dou monde''. (English title: ''The Travels of Marco Polo''.) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo Marco Polo].)

''Kublai Khan'' (1214-94), Mongol khan, emperor of China, grandson of Jenghiz Khan. He completed the conquest of northern China and became the first foreigner ever to rule China. An enegetic prince, he suppressed his rivals, adopted the Chinese mode of civilisation, encouraged men of letters and made Buddhism the state religion. But his attempt to invade Japan ended in disaster. His dominions extended from Arctic Ocean to the Strait of Malacca, and from Korea to Asia Minor and the confines of Hungary. The splendor of his court inspired the graphic pages of Marco Polo. (from Chambers Biographical Dictionary, 1984 edition.)

==Page 248==

[[image:doge.jpg|thumb|100px|Doge by Giovanni Bellini|right]]'''Doge's hat''' 
For some thousand years, the chief magistrate and leader of the Most Serene Republic of Venice was styled the Doge, a rare but not unique Italian title derived from the Latin Dux, as the major Italian parallel Duce and the English Duke. Doges of Venice were elected for life by the city-state's aristocracy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doge_of_Venice Wikipedia entry]

'''''Attenzione al culo''''' 
Italian: watch your ass.

'''Shambhala''' 
In Tibetan Buddhist tradition, Shambhala is a mystical kingdom hidden somewhere beyond the snowpeaks of the Himalayas. Shambhala is believed to be a society where all the inhabitants are enlightened. During the 19th century, Theosophical Society founder H.P. Blavatsky alluded to the Shambhala myth, giving it currency for Western occult enthusiasts. Later esoteric writers further emphasized and elaborated on the concept of a hidden land inhabited by a hidden mystic brotherhood whose members labor for the good of humanity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shambhala Wikipedia entry]

'''Professor Svegli of the University of Pisa''' 
The fictional professor's name comes from the Italian ''sveglio'' for "clever, dextrous, skillful."

'''"try to forget the usual picture in two dimensions"''' 
Cf. page 220, the idea behind the ''Tetractys'' as explained by Nigel and Neville.

'''an episode of intentional blindness''' 
Echoes the "denial of ordinary vision" that Lew sees when he meets Professor Renfrew (p. 240). Might these "blind spots" in sense evoke Iceland Spar?

==Page 249==

'''"Those whose enduring object is power in this world are only too happy to use without remorse the others, whose aim is of course to transcend all question of power. Each regards the other as a pack of deluded fools."''' 
Over time, Pynchon appears to have come to a belief in a massive conflict between cultures "valuing analysis and differentiation" and those valuing "unity and integration". The two alternate maps of Asia could be a reference to these disparate worldviews.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V. Wikipedia entry on V.]

'''The problem lies with the projection''' 
(a) Projection by each group of its own obsession onto the other group. (b) Cartographic projection, i.e., how the round world gets imaged onto a flat sheet of paper.

'''paramorphoscope''' 
AtD is itself a paramorphoscope; satire and science fiction typically hold up a distorting mirror to the world in which they are written, and present worlds "set to the side of the one we have taken". In the end the correct paramorphic "mirror" shows the world clearly.

'''"a certain percentage of them went mad and ended up in the asylum on San Servolo"''' 
Cf. the Northern Ohio Insane Asylum with its light-obsessed inmates at [[ATD_57-80#Page_59|page 59]].

'''the asylum on San Servolo''' 
First established as a military hospital in 1715, later became a mental asylum. Seems that San Servolo is to Venice what Bedlam is to London. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo Wikipedia]

'''Clifford's term''' 
W.K. Clifford, (1845-1879): an English mathematician. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kingdon_Clifford Wikipedia]

==Page 250==

[[Image:stmarks.jpg|thumb|200px|right|St Mark's Basilica (Basilica di San Marco) in Venice]]
'''Dr. Cantor''' 
Georg Cantor (1845 - 1918), German mathematician. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor%27s_theorem Cantor's Theorem] is what is most relevant to his mention here.

'''the plano-convex designs of Griendl von Ach''' 
For a brief history of the compound-lens microscope, and the roles played by the Italians and the Dutch, including Griendl von Ach, see:
http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Microscope

'''prophetic vision of St. Mark''' 
Mark the Evangelist (1st century) is traditionally believed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark and a companion of Peter. From [http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/brown-venice.html this site]: "...a prophetic dream that Mark was said to have experienced during his earlier, supposed ministry in the area of the Venetian lagoon. In it he was visited by an angel who told him that he would find his final resting place on the very site where San Marco would later be built." In the first century there was no settlement worth mentioning in the Lagoon yet. The prophecy was "fulfilled" in 828 when the saint's remains stolen on orders of Doge Giustiniano Participazio in Alexandria were brought to Venice. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist Wikipedia entry] St. Mark is represented by a winged lion and is the patron saint of Venice [http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/saintm08.htm].

'''''but in reverse''''' 
Miles now takes the place of the angel. Who or what is the "Being" and what form does the prophecy take?

'''neither sails, masts, nor oars''' 
Not a craft that is driven by the wind or human muscle. To say more could spoil a plot point.

==Page 251==

[[Image:stmarklion.jpg|thumb|600px|center|The Lion of St. Mark, by Carpaccio]]

'''Lion of St. Mark by Carpaccion''' 
Vittore Carpaccio (c.1460–1525/6) was a Venetian painter. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittore_Carpaccio Wikipedia entry]

'''the vision of St. Mark, but in reverse''' 
In St. Mark's vision, an angel appeared to Mark and informed him that his remains would one day end up in his present location, which later became Venice. Here, Miles seems to assume the form of the angel (in the form of a lion?) and the 'promise' Pynchon mentions seems to be the angel's promise to Mark.

'''our own duty, our own fate... the real journey''' 
Pynchon's one-paragraph summation of human life and its meaning recalls a letter Pynchon wrote in the early 1960s, [[The_World_is_at_Fault|The World is at Fault]], in which he also summed up the entirety of human life in a few tidy sentences. Both employ the word 'pilgrimage.'

==Page 252==

'''''sotopòrteghi''''' 
Tunnels or passageways under large buildings.

'''tenebrous''' 
Means "shadowy" but is also a link back to the previous paragraph. The Tenebrae Service is a special form that is meant to recreate the feelings of the Passion story, also represented by the Stations of the Cross.

'''Glagolitic''' 
The Glagolitic Alphabet is the oldest known Slavic alphabet (9th c.). It originated as a tactic to lessen the dependence of the subjects of the Prince of Greater Moravia on Frankish priests, who banned it but could not suppress it; it played a similar role in preserving Bulgarian independence from Byzantium. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glagolitic] It appears to be a nexus of the kind of simultaneous temporal and spiritual tasks the Chums of Chance are now involved in. In this, it raises the issues first explored by Pynchon in the "Tchitcherine in Kyrghizia" sections of ''Gravity's Rainbow'' in which the introduction of a written alphabet causes immense political and social change.

'''Gauloise''' 
famous French cigarette. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauloise Wikipedia].

'''''scusi''''' 
Italian: Excuse me.

'''''Affascinante, caro''''' 
Italian: Fascinating, dear (addressed to a male person).

'''''ragazzo''''' 
Italian: Boy.

'''''Mattoidi''''' 
Italian: Semi-insane persons. The word was [http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-mat1.htm coined by Cesare Lombroso,] the physiognomist.

'''''Prego''''' 
Italian: Please.

==Page 253==

'''Pozzuoli''' 
A city in the Province of Naples (''Napoli'') in the region of Campania. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozzuoli Wikipedia].

'''The Tarocchi are much, much older.''' 
Not at all! This is one of those ideas that rarely gets questioned, especially since some "interpreters" of the tarot claim ancient Egyptian origins. The actually only [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot date back to the 15th century], as playing cards, and tarot divination was invented in the 19th century, with absolutely no historical precedent.

However, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleister_Crowley Aleister Crowley] in his writings and the design of his own version of the tarot, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Thoth_(Crowley) Thoth Deck], made a case for the Tarot unifying and being rooted in much older divination methods from Ancient egypt to the[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabbalah Kabbalah] to Greek [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology astrology]. Crowley's Golden Dawn gets a previous mention in ATD. Though work on the Thoth deck would not begin until 1938, Crowley´s assignment of the Kabbalah's [http://jktarot.com/naples Sephiroth to the major arcana] probably bears attention when considering the chapter structure of ATD: he called the correspondence "The Naples Arrangement" in honour of having worked it out there, and this passage's mention of Renata's business associate being in Naples at this moment is unlikely to be coincidence.
:Surely a robust skepticism toward Crowley and his research methods is in order? Consider, for example, this [http://www.tarothermit.com/letter.htm "open letter"] to tarot users—from a judicious scholar and believer, not a committed skeptic—making the point that if the cards embody images (of whatever origin) "speaking" to the reader or student, it isn't essential to press the further claim that they were invented by the god Thoth. The paintings lack a couple of millennia of "temporal bandwidth" but aren't necessarily voided of appeal by that, any more than Michelangelo's ''Pietà'' is a less-valid devotional object for having been sculpted 1500 years after the event.

'''''sfumato''''' 
Refers to a well known painting method which blends so subtly the colors and tones that no perceptible transition is visible, as demonstrated by Leonardo da Vince's ''Mona Lisa''. See [http://en/wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfumato Wikipedia]. 
The context seems to imply ''smoke'', then ''fumo'' instead should be used.
:No, the evocation of the painterly effect becomes a metaphor for the way the boat comes into sight.

==Page 254==

'''''Pax tibi, Darbe''''' 
Latin: Peace to you, Darby. ''Pax tibi'' is not at all obscure—devout Catholics used it as a parting formula—but Chick has Latinized Darby's name to ''Darbus'' (vocative case ''Darbe'') and may be consciously echoing the text in [[#Page_251|Carpaccio's lion painting]] or on a [[#Page_247|pre-Napoleonic]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg flag of the Most Serene Republic of Venice:] ''Pax tibi Marce evangelista meus,'' "Peace to you, Mark, my evangelist."

'''like some damned ''Farewell'' Symphony''' 
Franz Josef Haydn, 1772, Hungary. Musicians at Count Esterházy's court had been kept too long on duty (and away from their families). Going on strike would have been disrespectful, so in the last movement of Haydn's hinting work, the players one by one extinguish their candles and exit, leaving two violins to play the last phrases.

'''"Chums of Chance were expected to die on the job. Or else live forever, there being two schools of thought, actually."''' 
Possibly a reference to the fact that the Chums seem to live simultaneously in the "real" world of the novel and also in fictional stories within the novel.

==Page 255==

'''Mostruccio''' 
Italian, literally: small monster, meant as a lovely nickname.

[[Image:samoyeds.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Samoyeds]]
'''Samoyeds''' 
These nomadic reindeer herders help with the herding, pull sleds, and are sometimes called "the smiley dog" in reference to their seemingly smiling faces. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoyed_(dog) Wikipedia]

'''Bastille Day''' 
The Campanile di San Marco collapsed 14 July 1902. Pynchon Wiki on the [[Campanile]].

'''''lasagnoni''''' 
Italian, plural of ''lasagnone'': Blowhard, braggart.

A hint may come from an Italian dictionary: a ''lasagnone'' being an awkward, simple person, the kind of loafers who abound on city squares or street corners and, consequently, may appear in tourists' pictures.

==Page 256==
[[Image:Campanile.jpg|thumb|200px|right]]

'''dual citizenship''' 
They live in two places, there are two skycraft, they point a gun at one place but the shell strikes a different place. Lots of '''bi-''' somethings in this passage.

'''the little-understood enigmata of the simultaneous''' 
The concept of simultaneous events, including the accurate definition and, moreover, the very ''need'' of such a definition, played a significant role in the soon-to-be formulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity Special Relativity Theory]. One of the main consequences of the theory is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativity_of_simultaneity relativity of simultaneity].

'''four-brick groupings''' 
Padzhitnoff sees the Campanile come apart as a game of Tetris! The "four-brick groupings [...] begin their gentle, undeadly descent, rotating and translating in all available modes". (See [[ATD_119-148#Page_123|page 123]] for more on Tetris.)

'''the tower collapses''' 
Might have some relation to the final poem of ''Gravity's Rainbow''. The fall of the tower is foreshadowed -- foretold, actually -- in Chick´s Tarot reading by Renata (See [[ATD_243-272#Page_253|page 253]]).

==Page 257==

'''What stood for a thousand years''' 
Pretty close: Construction of the Campanile began in the year 912.

'''deciduous''' 
Something that falls, drops or is shed, like leaves from a tree or baby teeth.

'''We had the weather-gauge''' 
In the days of sail, [http://www.weathergage.com/ weather gage] described the relative position of two ships or forces. If you were downwind you could run or, if you meant to engage the enemy, tack to approach him. Every time you changed tack you lost an opportunity to shoot (because your guns pointed left and right). If you lay upwind, you could keep your guns trained on the enemy throughout the engagement. The weather gage was an often decisive battle advantage, and the phrase is common in nautical narratives.

'''neuræsthenic prostration''' 
This is the third (at least) time Randolph has exhibited this tendency.

:This is the third time that this word has appeared so far, but in the second instance (page 188) it was used by Nigel to describe Lew Basnight, not Randolph.

:Not the word, but this reaction in Randolph occurred on pages 12 and 28. It seems to be a regular thing with him.

==Page 258==

'''Tetralith''' 
Modern math term for three dimensional solid formed by merging three hyperbolic paraboloids in a manner that they have a common midpoint. See [http://www.tetranometry.com/#tetralith Tetralith Photo #2]. Pynchon just means a Tetris-shaped projectile, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetromino Tetromino].
:A "monolith" (as in ''2001: A Space Odyssey'')means an "object made of a single block of stone". Hence "tetralith" means an "object made of four blocks of stone", which is exactly what you see on the game "Tetris".

'''Japanese character for "four" being same as that for "death"''' 
Not quite correct. The Japanese kanji (Chinese) characters for four 四 and death 死 are quite distinct, but can be pronounced in the same way, hence the taboo.

'''Ryohei Uchida''' 
Ultra-nationalist, founder of the Black Dragon Soceity (see below), a right-wing, paramilitary organization. See [http://members.tripod.com/ravenshrine/uchida.html Ryohei Uchida].

'''''polny pizdets''''' 
Crude Russian: a total screwup.

'''Black Dragon Society''' 
A paramiltary, ultra-nationalist, right-wing organization in Japan founded by Ryohei Uchida in 1901. Its initial public goal was to support Janpanese expansion in Manchuria. Therefore, during the period from 1901 to the end of World War I, it aimed to help the Japanese government drive the Russian presence out of that region. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 (a war fought over Manchuria, with the Russians soundly defeated) it was active in espionage, sabotage and assassination against the Russians. During the 20's, 30's and later periods the Black Dragon Society evolved and expanded its activities around the world, including the United States. It was finally disbanded in 1946 by General MacArthur after World War II. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokuryu-kai Wikipedia entry].

'''''Smirno''''' 
Russian: quiet!

==Page 259==

'''''dov'era, com'era''''' 
Italian: where it was, as it was. See [http://veniceblog.typepad.com/veniceblog/2003/12/comera_dovera.html veniceblog]. On July 14, 1902 the St. Mark's Campanile in Piazza San Marco, Venice, mysteriously and totally collapsed. Under the 'battle cry' of '''''com'era, dov'era''''' it was rebuilt. The Campanile was reopened on April 25 (St. Mark's Day) 1912. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mark's_Campanile St. Mark's Campanile]. Also, Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 256|page 256:the tower collapses]].

''''La Marangona''''' 
The largest bell in the campanile is called la Marangona. At midnight, that massive bell resounds alone from high in the Piazza, and can be heard from almost any point in the city. There are four other bells in the campanile and they each have a name.

'''"Bells are the most ancient objects. They call to us out of eternity"''' 
This chapter is bookended by references to bells. It opens, "Across the city noontide a field of bells emerged into flower."

==Page 260==

'''Deuce and Sloat return''' 
These two, it will be recalled, are the men hired by the mine owners to kill Webb Traverse. (193) It is unclear who is whose sidekick. ([[ATD_171-198#Page_195|195]]) Sloat tends to bodies, Deuce the spirit. ([[ATD_171-198#Page_197|197]])

'''Curly Dee''' 
Mathematicians call the "partial derivative" symbol "curly d." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_derivative Wikipedia shows the symbol.]

'''inside out''' 
Optical illusion.

==Page 261==

'''Nonpareil Eating House''' 
The motto over the door was probably "None Like It!"

'''Mayva and Lake''' 
Webb Traverse's wife and daughter.

'''lard smoke''' 
Cf. p. 10, "tall smokestacks unceasingly vomiting black grease-smoke," and p. 216, "Just greasy ashes by the trailside."

'''biscuit-shooter''' 
I.e., a cook.

'''Cañon City''' 
Site of the Colorado State Penitentiary, meant to suggest Deuce and Sloat had done time there.

'''gong''' 
???
17:18, 1 January 2007 (PST)[[User:Bklyn48|Bklyn48]]
 "kicking the gong around" is slang for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnie_the_Moocher smoking opium]. Here, Sloat seems to mean that Deuce's opium smoking has affected his judgement.

==Page 262==

'''Willis Turnstone''' 
Turnstones are members of the sandpiper family, stocky birds that use their stout bills to flip over rocks and such in search of food. There are two species: Black Turnstone (''Arenaria melanocephala'') and Ruddy Turnstone (''A. interpres''). The [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Ruddy_Turnstone.html Ruddy's] breeding plumage is a bold calico of white, orange, and black.

==Page 263==

'''"Crazier."''' 
Cf Bonnie and Clyde.

'''Oleander Prudge''' 
A name that brings joy to the heart of any Dickensian who happens to be reading along.

==Page 264==

'''single-jacker''' 
A miner who with a hammer and spike cuts a hole into rock for placement of a stick of dynamite. A set of holes are cut for each "synchronized" blast.
(Double jackers work as a team.)
Infer (this) one as a loner, a bit crazy, single minded, silent, easily hurt or misunderstood, doesn't play well with others...

==Page 265==

'''backing away down the valley''' 
It's instructive to look at a [http://www.vacationtelluride.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=standard&categoryId=11&subCategoryId=0 map or satellite photo of Telluride.] You could very well lay a single track from the mouth of the valley up to the town, but no farther. So the train drives into the station, then backs out until there's room for a spur where it can turn around.

'''gullet of days''' 
Metaphor. The miners' lives "as easily (as jug whisky)disappeared down the throat of everyday life".

==Page 266==

'''white-throated swift''' 
A swift is a small plainly colored bird similar to a swallow. The [http://identify.whatbird.com/obj/187/_/White-throated_Swift.aspx white-throated species,] which breeds in the western U.S. and winters in Mexico, is less plain than some. And get the species name: '''''Aeronaut'''es saxatalis.''

'''November''' 
November 1903.

'''in January, martial law''' 
January 3, 1904.

'''nymph du pave''' 
should probably read "nymphE du pave": [http://dict.die.net/nymphe%20du%20pave/ street-whore]. Theoretically this could also translate as: (image of a) nymph on a mosaic (tesselated floor) - like the huge roman one of Ariadne in the Rue du Pavé in Avenche (Switzerland) [http://www.stub.unibe.ch/welten/texte/herzig.html german weblink]

Most likely not (the mosaic idea); this is a consecrated term for prostitute. Note: in French, pavé means cobblestone. --[[User:Kirkm|Kirkm]] 02:09, 3 March 2007 (PST)

'''geometric episode''' 
Vaguely reminiscent of Proust on Combray: "And on one of the longest walks we ever took from Combray there was a spot where the narrow road emerged suddenly on to an immense plain, closed at the horizon by strips of forest over which rose and stood alone the fine point of Saint-Hilaire's steeple, but so sharpened and so pink that it seemed to be no more than sketched on the sky by the finger-nail of a painter anxious to give to such a landscape, to so pure a piece of 'nature,' this little sign of art, this single indication of human existence." [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/8swnn10.txt etext]

'''Engelmann spruce''' 
[http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=175 Picea engelmannii,] a light-colored, easily worked wood with fairly straight grain and slight contrast between heartwood and sapwood; [http://www.fs.fed.us/r4/boise/trees/engelmann.shtml uses include] piano sounding boards and the tops of violins and guitars, hence the association with the acoustics of the church.

A short biography of Dr. Engelmann (lit. Angel-Man) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Engelmann Wikipedia-Entry], more elaborated on [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Engelmann german site]

'''albatross cloth''' 
Evidently a distinct color/design for a wedding or wedding party dress in the West at the time. I have no OED at the moment, but there are at least two online "diaries" or descriptions using the phrase. Here is one: "We were married August 6, 1896 at 7:30 AM at my folk’s residence among friends and relatives. To honor the event, my folks had our parlor decorated with many flowers including roses, myrtle and geraniums. I wore an elegant gown of white silk and albatross cloth."

==Page 267==

'''Osterbybruk''' 
Town noted for ironmaking, 20 miles (32 km) north of Uppsala, eastern Sweden, nowhere near Jämtland (next entry).

'''Jemt-land''' 
A Province in west central Sweden [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4mtland Wikipedia.] The hyphen is not part of the name and probably marks a syncopation in the rev's delivery.

'''Child of the storm''' 
See the [http://againsttheday.wordpress.com/?s=child+of+the+storm ATD Weblog entry].

==Page 268==

'''sideways pussy''' 
Folklore.

'''side hobbles''' 
A hobble is a device for a horse or a dog that restricts the range of motion of the legs. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobble Wikipedia entry]. 
A [http://www.chronicleforums.com/Forum/archive/index.php/t-67850.html side hobble or Scotch hobble] links the horse's two left or two right legs, restricting its movement. 
"Hobble" also describes a type of skirt used (apparently) in bondage, see this [http://www.darksidecreations.com/product.asp?productid=19 example (not safe for work)] in latex.

==Page 269==

'''items, nearly always stolen''' 
Cf bower-bird.

'''marmot''' 
A stout-bodied, short-legged rodent that has coarse fur, a short bushy tail, and very short ears, lives in burrows, and hibernates in winter; also: a prairie dog or one of the larger ground squirrels. Marmots are native to Colorado and live at the higher altitudes. They are about the size of a weasel.

'''''"huevón"''''' 
From hueva (egg). According to [http://juantornoe.blogs.com/hispanictrending/2004/06/huevon_and_guey.html this blog] huevon "literally refers to the size of a mans "cojones" (another pseudo decent word that has seen a lot of mainstream play). It is commonly used to indicate how lazy someone is. The bigger the "huevon" you are, the lazier. As with "guey", however, this too has often been used to say dude or buddy."

'''''pinche cabron''''' 
fucking asshole.

==Page 270==

'''he even bombs by the moon''' 
I.e., he waits for a favorable phase. People who "plant by the signs," for example, associate days of the lunar month to parts of the plant and of the human body. They sow squash (vines) under one sign and lettuce (leaves) under another; they sow nothing at all when the moon is waning. Would a moon-guided bomber blow up trestles (legs) at one phase and plutocrats (belly) at another?

==Page 271==

'''skip''' 
In mining, a skip is "an iron bucket, which slides between guides,
for hoisting mineral and rock." Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) 

'''ex-Danite''' 
Danites were Joseph Smith's vigilantes, "Armies of Israel", during the Mormon War 1838 in Missouri, i.e., before travel to Utah.

'''"Avenging Angels"''' 
Refers to [http://www.ugca.org/ugca1099/ugca1099main.htm Civil War-vintage Colt pistols] usually with sawn off barrels.

==Page 272==

'''the Dolores''' 
Dolores River runs through Cortez (where Deuce seems to be, next to exploding cactus p270). "We woke up in the Dolores... [VALLEY/REGION/HOTEL]"

'''a luminous face suspended''' 

Some large convex object in the sky.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-07-17T07:41:35Z

Sonni: /* Page 735 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomites Dolomites].

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione Francesco Squarcione] (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua).

'''Mantegna''' 
[http://www.wga.hu/bio/m/mantegna/biograph.html Andrea Mantegna] (1431-1505) was an Italian Renaissance artist. He was one of the foremost north Italian painters of the 15th century. A master of perspective and foreshortening, Mantegna made important contributions to the compositional technigues of Renaissance painting.

'''the famed Paduan collector and impresario''' 
ie. Mantegna. Mentegna studied and worked between 1441-1459 at Padua, a city of northeast Italy west of Venice. At that time in Padua there was much interest in collecting and studying Roman antiquities. Padua was an important cultural center during the Middle Ages and was known for its artistic and architectural works by Giotto, Mantegna and Donatello. Galileo taught at its university from 1592 to 1610.

'''On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Lost Lands''' 
a fictitious place in the Lagoon?

'''''The Sack of Rome''''' 
a fictitious mural artwork?

'''''caorlina''''' 
I suspect this is a typo, and should be ''carolina'' which is a small boat, a skiff. In the context, this one is steam-powered.

"caorlina" in fact appears to be accurate according to this description: [http://www.doge.it/regata/regata50i.htm#9 caorlina]- 
Caorlina is indeed a kind of rowing boat, which derives its name from the town of Caorle, near Venice. Nowadays it can be seen exclusively during the traditional "Regata Storica" (Historical Regatta) held every year in Venice

'''Marco Zoppo''' 
[http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?34000 Marco Zoppo] (1433-1478), another Paduan painter. An innovator with a very personal style with rich artistic inventiveness. His reputation as an artist diminished gradually in the past, but his contributions to Venetian painting and book illumination have now been recognized.

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''Cannareggio''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: Cannareggio]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "fireflies", and common slang for "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs". It should be "squadre" because the word is feminine.

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''''forcheta''''' 
Although on page 582 there is one ''foschetta'' here it doesn't fit in. It should be "forchetta" in Italian and the meaning is "fork", but here it refers obviously to the resting place of the oars on the side of the gondola (due to the form, similar to a fork). The omission of a double consonant is typical of the dialect of north-eastern Italy.

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination. 
Hottentot was the former, colonial name of the Khoekhoe of modern Namibia who together with the Hereros were the object of German genocide from 1904 to 1907. For Reef, it was a current event. Pynchon mentions the Hereros in both ''V.'' and ''GR''.

'''Antietam''' 
It refers to the Battle of Antietam in the American Civil War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam The Battle of Antietam] was an important Union battle in the War and fought on September 17, 1862 near Antietam Creek in Maryland. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history with almost 23,000 casualties, and Union victory (although McClellan failed to follow up) permitted Lincoln to issue a preliminary Emancipation Declaration. Earlier important battles include Grant's successes at Ft. Donelson [February 1862] and Shiloh [April 1862](although this victory too was not followed up).

==Page 728==

'''San Polo''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: San Polo]].

'''Rialto bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_439|page 439: Nuovo Rialto]].

'''''bisi''''' 
Venetian dialect: "peas".

'''''campo''''' 
a large square.

'''Ca' Spongiatosta''' 
Casa Spongiatosta: House of Princess Spongiatosta. (see page 582).

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''Friuli''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friuli Friuli] is a region in northeast Italy next to Slovenia and Austria.

'''Treviso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treviso Treviso] is a town in the Veneto region of Italy.

'''radicchio''' 
a chicory of a red variety with variegated leaves.

'''verza''' 
Italian: cabbage.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks" "good luck, boys"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''the Britannia, once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli''' 
Originally a 19th century residence, the Britannia hotel is situated behind Rome's famous Opera House. As far as its being once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli... 
A rich history in this 18th or 19th-century building on the Grand Canal. [http://www.willetholthuysen.nl/reizen.php?id=6 Here is a photo] of it, circa 1868, as the Hotel Barbesi. Apparently it and two contiguous properties have been [http://www.starwoodpressclub.com/index.php?id=35&no_cache=1&L=5&tx_ttnews%5Bhid%5D=82&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=776&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=54&cHash=6a654b2302 in hotel service ever since] (1868 Barbesi, 1881 Britannia, 1930s Regina, 1938 Europa & Britannia, 1976 Europa & Regina, now Westin Europa & Regina). [http://www.starwoodhotels.com/westin/property/photos/index.html?propertyID=75#photo_section_0Link This Westin page] contains many photos; click the very first thumbnail. The structure that used to be the Britannia is on the right.

'''offer old Barkie the light''' 
"offer the light" is a cricket term where the umpire asks the batsmen if they wish to continue playing in poor light conditions. But who's "old Barkie"? Often, wooden boats are affectionately nicknamed "old Barkie," but...

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it. It is also known as an unlucky number, thirteen away from century (100 runs), in which many batsmen get out.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on [[ATD_615-643#Page_623|page 623 (see annotations).]]

'''Florian's''' 
A café in San Marco Sqaure.

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids", but it should be "cameriere" since it is a plural feminine, while the ending -i is masculine plural. Usually the word means "waiter" / "waitress".
''In fact, "camerieri" is right: its literal meaning is indeed "chamber-servant", both male (cameriere/i) and female (cameriera/e), but nowadays it is most commonly used to indicate a waiter (waitress) or a butler''

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''Pearl Street''' 
The location of the headquarters of Vibe Corp. [[ATD_318-335#Page_333|See annotations, p. 333.]]

'''daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night''' 
An echo of the "daylit fiction" of the Columbian Exposition, is a vision of always-optimistic, boosterism, positive thinking America, in Pynchon's mind, which has not internalized its own darkness, it seems. Cf. The novel's epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

'''Quadri's''' 
''Gran Caffè Ristorante'' in Venice. [http://www.venetia.it/quadri/index.htm Quadri] has been considered a symbol of gastronomic excellence directly overlooking St. Mark's Square. 
Quadri (like square or quad) is also a pun on the ever present "4."

'''Lavena''' 
[http://www.venetia.it/lavena/index.htm ''Caffè Lavena''] at Piazza St. Marco, Venice.

'''the D.and D.''' 

Deaf and Dumb

'''a Cavour''' 
A cigar brand.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "pub" or any other place where you can drink and eat at all hours.

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit". It may translate as shit, but its lteral menaing is "penis" and it has a variety of uses in Italian. ''in fact, cazzo is vulgar for "penis" and it is used extensively as interjection in a manner similar to the english word "fuck" or "fucking"; while a proper rendition of "shit" would be "merda", used in a way similar to english''

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''Marienbad''' 
German for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B Mariánské Lézně], a spa town in the Carlsbad Region of the Czech Republic. The town's Golden Era was in the second half of the 19th century, when many celebrities and top European rulers came to enjoy the curative carbon dioxide springs.

'''Salzburg''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg Salzburg], the birthplace of Mozart, is the fourth-largest city in Austria. It is located in the western Austria at the border with Germany. Its "Old Town", a UNESCO World Heritge Site, is well-known for its baroque architecture. The 1965 movie ''The Sound of Music'' drew ambivalent reactions from the citizens of Salzburg: the film is too tacky for their taste but it is also Salzburg's fattest cash cow.

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Rigby Nitro Express''' 
A big game rifle cartridge. Black powder as the propellant in cartridges began to be replaced by smokeless powder/Cordite in the 1880s. Firearms maker John Rigby & Co. of Dublin, renowned for "elephant guns," got into the ammunition line late in the century, and some of the cartridges the firm brought out a century ago are still in use. The .350 Rigby Nitro Express came on the market in 1908. Other Rigby products are the .416 Rigby, still a standard, and the .470 Rigby, introduced in 1907. Problem: According to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_(company) Wikipedia entry] on the company, the only .450 Rigby cartridge appeared in 1995. But (there's always a "but") the [http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_&_Co ''Swedish'' Wikipedia] confirms a .450 Rigby Nitro Express produced from 1897 on.

These rounds could stop a rhino dead in his tracks and might have been effective against a plutocrat.

'''Henry Clay Frick''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay_Frick Henry Clay Frick] (1849-1919) was an American industrialist and art patron. In 1881, he and Andrew Carnegie formed a partnership between H.C. Frick & Co and Carnegie Steel Co. with Frick in charge of the Steel Company's operations. The 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestead_Steel_Strike Homestead Steel Strike] was mishandled by Frick, and he soon became a target of radical anarchists and others.

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman Alexander Berkmann] (1870-1936), also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

'''drygulchin'd''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_643|page 643: drygulched]].

==Page 738==

'''the San Marcuola stop''' 
[http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-027 Photo of the Canal Grande at San Marcuola vaporetto stop].

'''Laguna Morte''' 
Dead Lagoon.

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way". It should be "macché".

==Page 739==

'''''La macchina infernale''''' 
"Infernal machine"; a (particularly 19th century) term for explosive devices used for terrorist attacks. The most famous example is "La conspiration de la machine infernale", or "Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise", an assassination plot against Napoleon that failed in 1800
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_Rue_Saint-Nicaise wikipedia]).
Earlier in the book, we have encountered Tancredi working on "Preliminary Studies" toward such a machine (see page 585f.)

'''Bresci''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaetano_Bresci Gaetano Bresci] (1869-1901), an Italian-American anarchist who assassinated Italian King Umberto I on July 29, 1900. He died in prison.

'''Luccheni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Lucheni Luigi Lucheni] (1873-1910), an Italian anarchist who stabbed, with a frayed file, to death the Austrian Empress Elizabeth in Geneva, Switzerland, on Septem 10, 1898. He late died in prison.

'''bad news rolling up the rails''' 
cf p. 41: "Most people have a wheel riding on a wire, or some rails in the street [...], to keep them moving in the direction of their destiny". Inevitability?

==Page 740==

'''Torino''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin Torino], ''Turin'', is a major industrial city as well as a business and cultural center in northern Italy. It is the home of the headquarters of Fiat and host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. It was the first capital of Italy.

'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm Gaulois].

'''Riva''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_575|page 575: Riva]].

==Page 741==

'''the Procuratie''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procuratie_Nuove The Procuraties] are three connected buildings on St Mark's Square in Venice. They are historic buildings over arcades and also connected to St Mark's Clocktower.

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

'''susurrance''' 
A murmur or whisper. From the Latin ''susurrare'', to whisper.

'''Strauss Jr.''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II Johann Strauss Jr.] (1825-1899) was an Austrian composer known especially for his waltzes, such as ''On the Beautiful Blue Danube, Tales from the Vienna Woods'' and ''Emperor Waltz''.

'''Luigi Denza''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_353|page 353: Luigi Denza]].

'''Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermanno_Wolf-Ferrari Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari] (1876-1948) was an Italian composer, best known for his comic operas.

==Page 742==

'''paletot''' 
an overcoat.

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

'''''teppisti''''' 
thugs.

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''''Via, via!''''' 
Come on, come on!

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
The Buddha is said to have taught, "Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one getting burned." Contributor researching source text.

'''Glisentis''' 
A pistol manufactured by Glisentis Company of Italy

==Page 743==

'''''assassini''''' 
hitmen; murderers

'''''Batti! batti la faccia''''' 
Beat! beat the face.

'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Set right, made square, rendered unidirectional.

:Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

:"Rectification" is a buzzword used in Henry James' ''The Princess Casamassima,'' where it seems to mean doing away with the class system.

'''''foschia''''' 
Italian: "haze"

'''Empress Elisabeth''' 
Austrian Empress Elizabeth was stabbed to death by Luigi Lucheni on September 10, 1898. Cf page 739.

'''King Umberto''' 
Italian King Umberto was shot on July 29, 1900 by Gaetano Bresci. Cf page 739.

==Page 744==

'''the Bauer-Grünwald''' 
The Bauer-Grünwald Hotel in Venice. It is a five-star luxurious hotel located a few minutes walk from San Marco Square. Cf page 136 & page 576.

'''Pommery''' 
A high-class French champagne. [http://www.thewinedoctor.com/champagne/pommery.shtml Pommery].

==Page 745==

'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1) in buying and selling for profit. 2) To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

'''''stranniki''''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|page 663: ''stranniki'']]

==Page 746==

'''the Ponte degli Scalzi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_degli_Scalzi The Ponte degli Scalzi] is one of the only three bridges in Venice to span the Grand Canal. It connects the districts of Santa Croce and Cannaregio. The Italian words mean ''Bridge of the Barefoot''.

'''Giudecca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giudecca Giudecca] is an island in the Venetian Lagoon lying immediately south of the central islands, from which is is separated by the Giudecca Canal.

'''''Stromboli''''' 
An Italian warship. It was an Etna Class Protected Cruiser, launched on February 4, 1886 and sold for disposal on March 10, 1907. See [http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/italian_cruisers.htm Italian Cruisers].

'''''traghetti''''' 
ferries.

'''the Zattere''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: Zattere]]. The Zattere, a long ''riva'' (river bank) extending from the basin of San Marco to San Basilio, has a panoramic view of the island of San Giorgio and the whole of the Giudecca island with Palladio's churches.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Chirico Giorgio de Chirico's] painting: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse_%28The_Melancholy_of_Departure%29 ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)''], dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-07-17T07:35:44Z

Sonni: /* Page 731 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomites Dolomites].

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione Francesco Squarcione] (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua).

'''Mantegna''' 
[http://www.wga.hu/bio/m/mantegna/biograph.html Andrea Mantegna] (1431-1505) was an Italian Renaissance artist. He was one of the foremost north Italian painters of the 15th century. A master of perspective and foreshortening, Mantegna made important contributions to the compositional technigues of Renaissance painting.

'''the famed Paduan collector and impresario''' 
ie. Mantegna. Mentegna studied and worked between 1441-1459 at Padua, a city of northeast Italy west of Venice. At that time in Padua there was much interest in collecting and studying Roman antiquities. Padua was an important cultural center during the Middle Ages and was known for its artistic and architectural works by Giotto, Mantegna and Donatello. Galileo taught at its university from 1592 to 1610.

'''On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Lost Lands''' 
a fictitious place in the Lagoon?

'''''The Sack of Rome''''' 
a fictitious mural artwork?

'''''caorlina''''' 
I suspect this is a typo, and should be ''carolina'' which is a small boat, a skiff. In the context, this one is steam-powered.

"caorlina" in fact appears to be accurate according to this description: [http://www.doge.it/regata/regata50i.htm#9 caorlina]- 
Caorlina is indeed a kind of rowing boat, which derives its name from the town of Caorle, near Venice. Nowadays it can be seen exclusively during the traditional "Regata Storica" (Historical Regatta) held every year in Venice

'''Marco Zoppo''' 
[http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?34000 Marco Zoppo] (1433-1478), another Paduan painter. An innovator with a very personal style with rich artistic inventiveness. His reputation as an artist diminished gradually in the past, but his contributions to Venetian painting and book illumination have now been recognized.

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''Cannareggio''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: Cannareggio]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "fireflies", and common slang for "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs". It should be "squadre" because the word is feminine.

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''''forcheta''''' 
Although on page 582 there is one ''foschetta'' here it doesn't fit in. It should be "forchetta" in Italian and the meaning is "fork", but here it refers obviously to the resting place of the oars on the side of the gondola (due to the form, similar to a fork). The omission of a double consonant is typical of the dialect of north-eastern Italy.

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination. 
Hottentot was the former, colonial name of the Khoekhoe of modern Namibia who together with the Hereros were the object of German genocide from 1904 to 1907. For Reef, it was a current event. Pynchon mentions the Hereros in both ''V.'' and ''GR''.

'''Antietam''' 
It refers to the Battle of Antietam in the American Civil War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam The Battle of Antietam] was an important Union battle in the War and fought on September 17, 1862 near Antietam Creek in Maryland. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history with almost 23,000 casualties, and Union victory (although McClellan failed to follow up) permitted Lincoln to issue a preliminary Emancipation Declaration. Earlier important battles include Grant's successes at Ft. Donelson [February 1862] and Shiloh [April 1862](although this victory too was not followed up).

==Page 728==

'''San Polo''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: San Polo]].

'''Rialto bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_439|page 439: Nuovo Rialto]].

'''''bisi''''' 
Venetian dialect: "peas".

'''''campo''''' 
a large square.

'''Ca' Spongiatosta''' 
Casa Spongiatosta: House of Princess Spongiatosta. (see page 582).

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''Friuli''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friuli Friuli] is a region in northeast Italy next to Slovenia and Austria.

'''Treviso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treviso Treviso] is a town in the Veneto region of Italy.

'''radicchio''' 
a chicory of a red variety with variegated leaves.

'''verza''' 
Italian: cabbage.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks" "good luck, boys"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''the Britannia, once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli''' 
Originally a 19th century residence, the Britannia hotel is situated behind Rome's famous Opera House. As far as its being once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli... 
A rich history in this 18th or 19th-century building on the Grand Canal. [http://www.willetholthuysen.nl/reizen.php?id=6 Here is a photo] of it, circa 1868, as the Hotel Barbesi. Apparently it and two contiguous properties have been [http://www.starwoodpressclub.com/index.php?id=35&no_cache=1&L=5&tx_ttnews%5Bhid%5D=82&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=776&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=54&cHash=6a654b2302 in hotel service ever since] (1868 Barbesi, 1881 Britannia, 1930s Regina, 1938 Europa & Britannia, 1976 Europa & Regina, now Westin Europa & Regina). [http://www.starwoodhotels.com/westin/property/photos/index.html?propertyID=75#photo_section_0Link This Westin page] contains many photos; click the very first thumbnail. The structure that used to be the Britannia is on the right.

'''offer old Barkie the light''' 
"offer the light" is a cricket term where the umpire asks the batsmen if they wish to continue playing in poor light conditions. But who's "old Barkie"? Often, wooden boats are affectionately nicknamed "old Barkie," but...

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it. It is also known as an unlucky number, thirteen away from century (100 runs), in which many batsmen get out.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on [[ATD_615-643#Page_623|page 623 (see annotations).]]

'''Florian's''' 
A café in San Marco Sqaure.

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids", but it should be "cameriere" since it is a plural feminine, while the ending -i is masculine plural. Usually the word means "waiter" / "waitress".
''In fact, "camerieri" is right: its literal meaning is indeed "chamber-servant", both male (cameriere/i) and female (cameriera/e), but nowadays it is most commonly used to indicate a waiter (waitress) or a butler''

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''Pearl Street''' 
The location of the headquarters of Vibe Corp. [[ATD_318-335#Page_333|See annotations, p. 333.]]

'''daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night''' 
An echo of the "daylit fiction" of the Columbian Exposition, is a vision of always-optimistic, boosterism, positive thinking America, in Pynchon's mind, which has not internalized its own darkness, it seems. Cf. The novel's epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

'''Quadri's''' 
''Gran Caffè Ristorante'' in Venice. [http://www.venetia.it/quadri/index.htm Quadri] has been considered a symbol of gastronomic excellence directly overlooking St. Mark's Square. 
Quadri (like square or quad) is also a pun on the ever present "4."

'''Lavena''' 
[http://www.venetia.it/lavena/index.htm ''Caffè Lavena''] at Piazza St. Marco, Venice.

'''the D.and D.''' 

Deaf and Dumb

'''a Cavour''' 
A cigar brand.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "pub" or any other place where you can drink and eat at all hours.

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit". It may translate as shit, but its lteral menaing is "penis" and it has a variety of uses in Italian.

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''Marienbad''' 
German for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B Mariánské Lézně], a spa town in the Carlsbad Region of the Czech Republic. The town's Golden Era was in the second half of the 19th century, when many celebrities and top European rulers came to enjoy the curative carbon dioxide springs.

'''Salzburg''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg Salzburg], the birthplace of Mozart, is the fourth-largest city in Austria. It is located in the western Austria at the border with Germany. Its "Old Town", a UNESCO World Heritge Site, is well-known for its baroque architecture. The 1965 movie ''The Sound of Music'' drew ambivalent reactions from the citizens of Salzburg: the film is too tacky for their taste but it is also Salzburg's fattest cash cow.

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Rigby Nitro Express''' 
A big game rifle cartridge. Black powder as the propellant in cartridges began to be replaced by smokeless powder/Cordite in the 1880s. Firearms maker John Rigby & Co. of Dublin, renowned for "elephant guns," got into the ammunition line late in the century, and some of the cartridges the firm brought out a century ago are still in use. The .350 Rigby Nitro Express came on the market in 1908. Other Rigby products are the .416 Rigby, still a standard, and the .470 Rigby, introduced in 1907. Problem: According to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_(company) Wikipedia entry] on the company, the only .450 Rigby cartridge appeared in 1995. But (there's always a "but") the [http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_&_Co ''Swedish'' Wikipedia] confirms a .450 Rigby Nitro Express produced from 1897 on.

These rounds could stop a rhino dead in his tracks and might have been effective against a plutocrat.

'''Henry Clay Frick''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay_Frick Henry Clay Frick] (1849-1919) was an American industrialist and art patron. In 1881, he and Andrew Carnegie formed a partnership between H.C. Frick & Co and Carnegie Steel Co. with Frick in charge of the Steel Company's operations. The 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestead_Steel_Strike Homestead Steel Strike] was mishandled by Frick, and he soon became a target of radical anarchists and others.

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman Alexander Berkmann] (1870-1936), also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

'''drygulchin'd''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_643|page 643: drygulched]].

==Page 738==

'''the San Marcuola stop''' 
[http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-027 Photo of the Canal Grande at San Marcuola vaporetto stop].

'''Laguna Morte''' 
Dead Lagoon.

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way". It should be "macché".

==Page 739==

'''''La macchina infernale''''' 
"Infernal machine"; a (particularly 19th century) term for explosive devices used for terrorist attacks. The most famous example is "La conspiration de la machine infernale", or "Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise", an assassination plot against Napoleon that failed in 1800
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_Rue_Saint-Nicaise wikipedia]).
Earlier in the book, we have encountered Tancredi working on "Preliminary Studies" toward such a machine (see page 585f.)

'''Bresci''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaetano_Bresci Gaetano Bresci] (1869-1901), an Italian-American anarchist who assassinated Italian King Umberto I on July 29, 1900. He died in prison.

'''Luccheni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Lucheni Luigi Lucheni] (1873-1910), an Italian anarchist who stabbed, with a frayed file, to death the Austrian Empress Elizabeth in Geneva, Switzerland, on Septem 10, 1898. He late died in prison.

'''bad news rolling up the rails''' 
cf p. 41: "Most people have a wheel riding on a wire, or some rails in the street [...], to keep them moving in the direction of their destiny". Inevitability?

==Page 740==

'''Torino''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin Torino], ''Turin'', is a major industrial city as well as a business and cultural center in northern Italy. It is the home of the headquarters of Fiat and host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. It was the first capital of Italy.

'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm Gaulois].

'''Riva''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_575|page 575: Riva]].

==Page 741==

'''the Procuratie''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procuratie_Nuove The Procuraties] are three connected buildings on St Mark's Square in Venice. They are historic buildings over arcades and also connected to St Mark's Clocktower.

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

'''susurrance''' 
A murmur or whisper. From the Latin ''susurrare'', to whisper.

'''Strauss Jr.''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II Johann Strauss Jr.] (1825-1899) was an Austrian composer known especially for his waltzes, such as ''On the Beautiful Blue Danube, Tales from the Vienna Woods'' and ''Emperor Waltz''.

'''Luigi Denza''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_353|page 353: Luigi Denza]].

'''Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermanno_Wolf-Ferrari Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari] (1876-1948) was an Italian composer, best known for his comic operas.

==Page 742==

'''paletot''' 
an overcoat.

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

'''''teppisti''''' 
thugs.

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''''Via, via!''''' 
Come on, come on!

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
The Buddha is said to have taught, "Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one getting burned." Contributor researching source text.

'''Glisentis''' 
A pistol manufactured by Glisentis Company of Italy

==Page 743==

'''''assassini''''' 
hitmen; murderers

'''''Batti! batti la faccia''''' 
Beat! beat the face.

'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Set right, made square, rendered unidirectional.

:Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

:"Rectification" is a buzzword used in Henry James' ''The Princess Casamassima,'' where it seems to mean doing away with the class system.

'''''foschia''''' 
Italian: "haze"

'''Empress Elisabeth''' 
Austrian Empress Elizabeth was stabbed to death by Luigi Lucheni on September 10, 1898. Cf page 739.

'''King Umberto''' 
Italian King Umberto was shot on July 29, 1900 by Gaetano Bresci. Cf page 739.

==Page 744==

'''the Bauer-Grünwald''' 
The Bauer-Grünwald Hotel in Venice. It is a five-star luxurious hotel located a few minutes walk from San Marco Square. Cf page 136 & page 576.

'''Pommery''' 
A high-class French champagne. [http://www.thewinedoctor.com/champagne/pommery.shtml Pommery].

==Page 745==

'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1) in buying and selling for profit. 2) To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

'''''stranniki''''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|page 663: ''stranniki'']]

==Page 746==

'''the Ponte degli Scalzi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_degli_Scalzi The Ponte degli Scalzi] is one of the only three bridges in Venice to span the Grand Canal. It connects the districts of Santa Croce and Cannaregio. The Italian words mean ''Bridge of the Barefoot''.

'''Giudecca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giudecca Giudecca] is an island in the Venetian Lagoon lying immediately south of the central islands, from which is is separated by the Giudecca Canal.

'''''Stromboli''''' 
An Italian warship. It was an Etna Class Protected Cruiser, launched on February 4, 1886 and sold for disposal on March 10, 1907. See [http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/italian_cruisers.htm Italian Cruisers].

'''''traghetti''''' 
ferries.

'''the Zattere''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: Zattere]]. The Zattere, a long ''riva'' (river bank) extending from the basin of San Marco to San Basilio, has a panoramic view of the island of San Giorgio and the whole of the Giudecca island with Palladio's churches.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Chirico Giorgio de Chirico's] painting: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse_%28The_Melancholy_of_Departure%29 ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)''], dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-07-17T07:35:12Z

Sonni: /* Page 731 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomites Dolomites].

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione Francesco Squarcione] (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua).

'''Mantegna''' 
[http://www.wga.hu/bio/m/mantegna/biograph.html Andrea Mantegna] (1431-1505) was an Italian Renaissance artist. He was one of the foremost north Italian painters of the 15th century. A master of perspective and foreshortening, Mantegna made important contributions to the compositional technigues of Renaissance painting.

'''the famed Paduan collector and impresario''' 
ie. Mantegna. Mentegna studied and worked between 1441-1459 at Padua, a city of northeast Italy west of Venice. At that time in Padua there was much interest in collecting and studying Roman antiquities. Padua was an important cultural center during the Middle Ages and was known for its artistic and architectural works by Giotto, Mantegna and Donatello. Galileo taught at its university from 1592 to 1610.

'''On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Lost Lands''' 
a fictitious place in the Lagoon?

'''''The Sack of Rome''''' 
a fictitious mural artwork?

'''''caorlina''''' 
I suspect this is a typo, and should be ''carolina'' which is a small boat, a skiff. In the context, this one is steam-powered.

"caorlina" in fact appears to be accurate according to this description: [http://www.doge.it/regata/regata50i.htm#9 caorlina]- 
Caorlina is indeed a kind of rowing boat, which derives its name from the town of Caorle, near Venice. Nowadays it can be seen exclusively during the traditional "Regata Storica" (Historical Regatta) held every year in Venice

'''Marco Zoppo''' 
[http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?34000 Marco Zoppo] (1433-1478), another Paduan painter. An innovator with a very personal style with rich artistic inventiveness. His reputation as an artist diminished gradually in the past, but his contributions to Venetian painting and book illumination have now been recognized.

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''Cannareggio''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: Cannareggio]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "fireflies", and common slang for "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs". It should be "squadre" because the word is feminine.

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''''forcheta''''' 
Although on page 582 there is one ''foschetta'' here it doesn't fit in. It should be "forchetta" in Italian and the meaning is "fork", but here it refers obviously to the resting place of the oars on the side of the gondola (due to the form, similar to a fork). The omission of a double consonant is typical of the dialect of north-eastern Italy.

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination. 
Hottentot was the former, colonial name of the Khoekhoe of modern Namibia who together with the Hereros were the object of German genocide from 1904 to 1907. For Reef, it was a current event. Pynchon mentions the Hereros in both ''V.'' and ''GR''.

'''Antietam''' 
It refers to the Battle of Antietam in the American Civil War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam The Battle of Antietam] was an important Union battle in the War and fought on September 17, 1862 near Antietam Creek in Maryland. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history with almost 23,000 casualties, and Union victory (although McClellan failed to follow up) permitted Lincoln to issue a preliminary Emancipation Declaration. Earlier important battles include Grant's successes at Ft. Donelson [February 1862] and Shiloh [April 1862](although this victory too was not followed up).

==Page 728==

'''San Polo''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: San Polo]].

'''Rialto bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_439|page 439: Nuovo Rialto]].

'''''bisi''''' 
Venetian dialect: "peas".

'''''campo''''' 
a large square.

'''Ca' Spongiatosta''' 
Casa Spongiatosta: House of Princess Spongiatosta. (see page 582).

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''Friuli''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friuli Friuli] is a region in northeast Italy next to Slovenia and Austria.

'''Treviso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treviso Treviso] is a town in the Veneto region of Italy.

'''radicchio''' 
a chicory of a red variety with variegated leaves.

'''verza''' 
Italian: cabbage.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks" "good luck, boys"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''the Britannia, once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli''' 
Originally a 19th century residence, the Britannia hotel is situated behind Rome's famous Opera House. As far as its being once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli... 
A rich history in this 18th or 19th-century building on the Grand Canal. [http://www.willetholthuysen.nl/reizen.php?id=6 Here is a photo] of it, circa 1868, as the Hotel Barbesi. Apparently it and two contiguous properties have been [http://www.starwoodpressclub.com/index.php?id=35&no_cache=1&L=5&tx_ttnews%5Bhid%5D=82&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=776&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=54&cHash=6a654b2302 in hotel service ever since] (1868 Barbesi, 1881 Britannia, 1930s Regina, 1938 Europa & Britannia, 1976 Europa & Regina, now Westin Europa & Regina). [http://www.starwoodhotels.com/westin/property/photos/index.html?propertyID=75#photo_section_0Link This Westin page] contains many photos; click the very first thumbnail. The structure that used to be the Britannia is on the right.

'''offer old Barkie the light''' 
"offer the light" is a cricket term where the umpire asks the batsmen if they wish to continue playing in poor light conditions. But who's "old Barkie"? Often, wooden boats are affectionately nicknamed "old Barkie," but...

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it. It is also known as an unlucky number, thirteen away from century (100 runs), in which many batsmen get out.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on [[ATD_615-643#Page_623|page 623 (see annotations).]]

'''Florian's''' 
A café in San Marco Sqaure.

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids", but it should be "cameriere" since it is a plural feminine, while the ending -i is masculine plural. Usually the word means "waiter" / "waitress".
''In fact, "camerieri" is right: its literal meaning is indeed "chamber-servant", both male (cameriere/i) and female (cameriera/e), but nowadays it is most commonly used to define a waiter (waitress) or a butler)''

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''Pearl Street''' 
The location of the headquarters of Vibe Corp. [[ATD_318-335#Page_333|See annotations, p. 333.]]

'''daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night''' 
An echo of the "daylit fiction" of the Columbian Exposition, is a vision of always-optimistic, boosterism, positive thinking America, in Pynchon's mind, which has not internalized its own darkness, it seems. Cf. The novel's epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

'''Quadri's''' 
''Gran Caffè Ristorante'' in Venice. [http://www.venetia.it/quadri/index.htm Quadri] has been considered a symbol of gastronomic excellence directly overlooking St. Mark's Square. 
Quadri (like square or quad) is also a pun on the ever present "4."

'''Lavena''' 
[http://www.venetia.it/lavena/index.htm ''Caffè Lavena''] at Piazza St. Marco, Venice.

'''the D.and D.''' 

Deaf and Dumb

'''a Cavour''' 
A cigar brand.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "pub" or any other place where you can drink and eat at all hours.

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit". It may translate as shit, but its lteral menaing is "penis" and it has a variety of uses in Italian.

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''Marienbad''' 
German for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B Mariánské Lézně], a spa town in the Carlsbad Region of the Czech Republic. The town's Golden Era was in the second half of the 19th century, when many celebrities and top European rulers came to enjoy the curative carbon dioxide springs.

'''Salzburg''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg Salzburg], the birthplace of Mozart, is the fourth-largest city in Austria. It is located in the western Austria at the border with Germany. Its "Old Town", a UNESCO World Heritge Site, is well-known for its baroque architecture. The 1965 movie ''The Sound of Music'' drew ambivalent reactions from the citizens of Salzburg: the film is too tacky for their taste but it is also Salzburg's fattest cash cow.

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Rigby Nitro Express''' 
A big game rifle cartridge. Black powder as the propellant in cartridges began to be replaced by smokeless powder/Cordite in the 1880s. Firearms maker John Rigby & Co. of Dublin, renowned for "elephant guns," got into the ammunition line late in the century, and some of the cartridges the firm brought out a century ago are still in use. The .350 Rigby Nitro Express came on the market in 1908. Other Rigby products are the .416 Rigby, still a standard, and the .470 Rigby, introduced in 1907. Problem: According to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_(company) Wikipedia entry] on the company, the only .450 Rigby cartridge appeared in 1995. But (there's always a "but") the [http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_&_Co ''Swedish'' Wikipedia] confirms a .450 Rigby Nitro Express produced from 1897 on.

These rounds could stop a rhino dead in his tracks and might have been effective against a plutocrat.

'''Henry Clay Frick''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay_Frick Henry Clay Frick] (1849-1919) was an American industrialist and art patron. In 1881, he and Andrew Carnegie formed a partnership between H.C. Frick & Co and Carnegie Steel Co. with Frick in charge of the Steel Company's operations. The 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestead_Steel_Strike Homestead Steel Strike] was mishandled by Frick, and he soon became a target of radical anarchists and others.

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman Alexander Berkmann] (1870-1936), also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

'''drygulchin'd''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_643|page 643: drygulched]].

==Page 738==

'''the San Marcuola stop''' 
[http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-027 Photo of the Canal Grande at San Marcuola vaporetto stop].

'''Laguna Morte''' 
Dead Lagoon.

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way". It should be "macché".

==Page 739==

'''''La macchina infernale''''' 
"Infernal machine"; a (particularly 19th century) term for explosive devices used for terrorist attacks. The most famous example is "La conspiration de la machine infernale", or "Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise", an assassination plot against Napoleon that failed in 1800
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_Rue_Saint-Nicaise wikipedia]).
Earlier in the book, we have encountered Tancredi working on "Preliminary Studies" toward such a machine (see page 585f.)

'''Bresci''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaetano_Bresci Gaetano Bresci] (1869-1901), an Italian-American anarchist who assassinated Italian King Umberto I on July 29, 1900. He died in prison.

'''Luccheni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Lucheni Luigi Lucheni] (1873-1910), an Italian anarchist who stabbed, with a frayed file, to death the Austrian Empress Elizabeth in Geneva, Switzerland, on Septem 10, 1898. He late died in prison.

'''bad news rolling up the rails''' 
cf p. 41: "Most people have a wheel riding on a wire, or some rails in the street [...], to keep them moving in the direction of their destiny". Inevitability?

==Page 740==

'''Torino''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin Torino], ''Turin'', is a major industrial city as well as a business and cultural center in northern Italy. It is the home of the headquarters of Fiat and host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. It was the first capital of Italy.

'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm Gaulois].

'''Riva''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_575|page 575: Riva]].

==Page 741==

'''the Procuratie''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procuratie_Nuove The Procuraties] are three connected buildings on St Mark's Square in Venice. They are historic buildings over arcades and also connected to St Mark's Clocktower.

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

'''susurrance''' 
A murmur or whisper. From the Latin ''susurrare'', to whisper.

'''Strauss Jr.''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II Johann Strauss Jr.] (1825-1899) was an Austrian composer known especially for his waltzes, such as ''On the Beautiful Blue Danube, Tales from the Vienna Woods'' and ''Emperor Waltz''.

'''Luigi Denza''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_353|page 353: Luigi Denza]].

'''Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermanno_Wolf-Ferrari Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari] (1876-1948) was an Italian composer, best known for his comic operas.

==Page 742==

'''paletot''' 
an overcoat.

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

'''''teppisti''''' 
thugs.

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''''Via, via!''''' 
Come on, come on!

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
The Buddha is said to have taught, "Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one getting burned." Contributor researching source text.

'''Glisentis''' 
A pistol manufactured by Glisentis Company of Italy

==Page 743==

'''''assassini''''' 
hitmen; murderers

'''''Batti! batti la faccia''''' 
Beat! beat the face.

'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Set right, made square, rendered unidirectional.

:Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

:"Rectification" is a buzzword used in Henry James' ''The Princess Casamassima,'' where it seems to mean doing away with the class system.

'''''foschia''''' 
Italian: "haze"

'''Empress Elisabeth''' 
Austrian Empress Elizabeth was stabbed to death by Luigi Lucheni on September 10, 1898. Cf page 739.

'''King Umberto''' 
Italian King Umberto was shot on July 29, 1900 by Gaetano Bresci. Cf page 739.

==Page 744==

'''the Bauer-Grünwald''' 
The Bauer-Grünwald Hotel in Venice. It is a five-star luxurious hotel located a few minutes walk from San Marco Square. Cf page 136 & page 576.

'''Pommery''' 
A high-class French champagne. [http://www.thewinedoctor.com/champagne/pommery.shtml Pommery].

==Page 745==

'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1) in buying and selling for profit. 2) To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

'''''stranniki''''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|page 663: ''stranniki'']]

==Page 746==

'''the Ponte degli Scalzi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_degli_Scalzi The Ponte degli Scalzi] is one of the only three bridges in Venice to span the Grand Canal. It connects the districts of Santa Croce and Cannaregio. The Italian words mean ''Bridge of the Barefoot''.

'''Giudecca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giudecca Giudecca] is an island in the Venetian Lagoon lying immediately south of the central islands, from which is is separated by the Giudecca Canal.

'''''Stromboli''''' 
An Italian warship. It was an Etna Class Protected Cruiser, launched on February 4, 1886 and sold for disposal on March 10, 1907. See [http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/italian_cruisers.htm Italian Cruisers].

'''''traghetti''''' 
ferries.

'''the Zattere''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: Zattere]]. The Zattere, a long ''riva'' (river bank) extending from the basin of San Marco to San Basilio, has a panoramic view of the island of San Giorgio and the whole of the Giudecca island with Palladio's churches.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Chirico Giorgio de Chirico's] painting: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse_%28The_Melancholy_of_Departure%29 ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)''], dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-07-16T18:14:48Z

Sonni: /* Page 728 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomites Dolomites].

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione Francesco Squarcione] (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua).

'''Mantegna''' 
[http://www.wga.hu/bio/m/mantegna/biograph.html Andrea Mantegna] (1431-1505) was an Italian Renaissance artist. He was one of the foremost north Italian painters of the 15th century. A master of perspective and foreshortening, Mantegna made important contributions to the compositional technigues of Renaissance painting.

'''the famed Paduan collector and impresario''' 
ie. Mantegna. Mentegna studied and worked between 1441-1459 at Padua, a city of northeast Italy west of Venice. At that time in Padua there was much interest in collecting and studying Roman antiquities. Padua was an important cultural center during the Middle Ages and was known for its artistic and architectural works by Giotto, Mantegna and Donatello. Galileo taught at its university from 1592 to 1610.

'''On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Lost Lands''' 
a fictitious place in the Lagoon?

'''''The Sack of Rome''''' 
a fictitious mural artwork?

'''''caorlina''''' 
I suspect this is a typo, and should be ''carolina'' which is a small boat, a skiff. In the context, this one is steam-powered.

"caorlina" in fact appears to be accurate according to this description: [http://www.doge.it/regata/regata50i.htm#9 caorlina]- 
Caorlina is indeed a kind of rowing boat, which derives its name from the town of Caorle, near Venice. Nowadays it can be seen exclusively during the traditional "Regata Storica" (Historical Regatta) held every year in Venice

'''Marco Zoppo''' 
[http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?34000 Marco Zoppo] (1433-1478), another Paduan painter. An innovator with a very personal style with rich artistic inventiveness. His reputation as an artist diminished gradually in the past, but his contributions to Venetian painting and book illumination have now been recognized.

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''Cannareggio''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: Cannareggio]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "fireflies", and common slang for "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs". It should be "squadre" because the word is feminine.

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''''forcheta''''' 
Although on page 582 there is one ''foschetta'' here it doesn't fit in. It should be "forchetta" in Italian and the meaning is "fork", but here it refers obviously to the resting place of the oars on the side of the gondola (due to the form, similar to a fork). The omission of a double consonant is typical of the dialect of north-eastern Italy.

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination. 
Hottentot was the former, colonial name of the Khoekhoe of modern Namibia who together with the Hereros were the object of German genocide from 1904 to 1907. For Reef, it was a current event. Pynchon mentions the Hereros in both ''V.'' and ''GR''.

'''Antietam''' 
It refers to the Battle of Antietam in the American Civil War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam The Battle of Antietam] was an important Union battle in the War and fought on September 17, 1862 near Antietam Creek in Maryland. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history with almost 23,000 casualties, and Union victory (although McClellan failed to follow up) permitted Lincoln to issue a preliminary Emancipation Declaration. Earlier important battles include Grant's successes at Ft. Donelson [February 1862] and Shiloh [April 1862](although this victory too was not followed up).

==Page 728==

'''San Polo''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: San Polo]].

'''Rialto bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_439|page 439: Nuovo Rialto]].

'''''bisi''''' 
Venetian dialect: "peas".

'''''campo''''' 
a large square.

'''Ca' Spongiatosta''' 
Casa Spongiatosta: House of Princess Spongiatosta. (see page 582).

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''Friuli''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friuli Friuli] is a region in northeast Italy next to Slovenia and Austria.

'''Treviso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treviso Treviso] is a town in the Veneto region of Italy.

'''radicchio''' 
a chicory of a red variety with variegated leaves.

'''verza''' 
Italian: cabbage.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks" "good luck, boys"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''the Britannia, once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli''' 
Originally a 19th century residence, the Britannia hotel is situated behind Rome's famous Opera House. As far as its being once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli... 
A rich history in this 18th or 19th-century building on the Grand Canal. [http://www.willetholthuysen.nl/reizen.php?id=6 Here is a photo] of it, circa 1868, as the Hotel Barbesi. Apparently it and two contiguous properties have been [http://www.starwoodpressclub.com/index.php?id=35&no_cache=1&L=5&tx_ttnews%5Bhid%5D=82&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=776&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=54&cHash=6a654b2302 in hotel service ever since] (1868 Barbesi, 1881 Britannia, 1930s Regina, 1938 Europa & Britannia, 1976 Europa & Regina, now Westin Europa & Regina). [http://www.starwoodhotels.com/westin/property/photos/index.html?propertyID=75#photo_section_0Link This Westin page] contains many photos; click the very first thumbnail. The structure that used to be the Britannia is on the right.

'''offer old Barkie the light''' 
"offer the light" is a cricket term where the umpire asks the batsmen if they wish to continue playing in poor light conditions. But who's "old Barkie"? Often, wooden boats are affectionately nicknamed "old Barkie," but...

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it. It is also known as an unlucky number, thirteen away from century (100 runs), in which many batsmen get out.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on [[ATD_615-643#Page_623|page 623 (see annotations).]]

'''Florian's''' 
A café in San Marco Sqaure.

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids", but it should be "cameriere" since it is a plural feminine, while the ending -i is masculine plural. Usually the word means "waiter" / "waitress".

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''Pearl Street''' 
The location of the headquarters of Vibe Corp. [[ATD_318-335#Page_333|See annotations, p. 333.]]

'''daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night''' 
An echo of the "daylit fiction" of the Columbian Exposition, is a vision of always-optimistic, boosterism, positive thinking America, in Pynchon's mind, which has not internalized its own darkness, it seems. Cf. The novel's epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

'''Quadri's''' 
''Gran Caffè Ristorante'' in Venice. [http://www.venetia.it/quadri/index.htm Quadri] has been considered a symbol of gastronomic excellence directly overlooking St. Mark's Square. 
Quadri (like square or quad) is also a pun on the ever present "4."

'''Lavena''' 
[http://www.venetia.it/lavena/index.htm ''Caffè Lavena''] at Piazza St. Marco, Venice.

'''the D.and D.''' 

Deaf and Dumb

'''a Cavour''' 
A cigar brand.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "pub" or any other place where you can drink and eat at all hours.

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit". It may translate as shit, but its lteral menaing is "penis" and it has a variety of uses in Italian.

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''Marienbad''' 
German for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B Mariánské Lézně], a spa town in the Carlsbad Region of the Czech Republic. The town's Golden Era was in the second half of the 19th century, when many celebrities and top European rulers came to enjoy the curative carbon dioxide springs.

'''Salzburg''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg Salzburg], the birthplace of Mozart, is the fourth-largest city in Austria. It is located in the western Austria at the border with Germany. Its "Old Town", a UNESCO World Heritge Site, is well-known for its baroque architecture. The 1965 movie ''The Sound of Music'' drew ambivalent reactions from the citizens of Salzburg: the film is too tacky for their taste but it is also Salzburg's fattest cash cow.

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Rigby Nitro Express''' 
A big game rifle cartridge. Black powder as the propellant in cartridges began to be replaced by smokeless powder/Cordite in the 1880s. Firearms maker John Rigby & Co. of Dublin, renowned for "elephant guns," got into the ammunition line late in the century, and some of the cartridges the firm brought out a century ago are still in use. The .350 Rigby Nitro Express came on the market in 1908. Other Rigby products are the .416 Rigby, still a standard, and the .470 Rigby, introduced in 1907. Problem: According to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_(company) Wikipedia entry] on the company, the only .450 Rigby cartridge appeared in 1995. But (there's always a "but") the [http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_&_Co ''Swedish'' Wikipedia] confirms a .450 Rigby Nitro Express produced from 1897 on.

These rounds could stop a rhino dead in his tracks and might have been effective against a plutocrat.

'''Henry Clay Frick''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay_Frick Henry Clay Frick] (1849-1919) was an American industrialist and art patron. In 1881, he and Andrew Carnegie formed a partnership between H.C. Frick & Co and Carnegie Steel Co. with Frick in charge of the Steel Company's operations. The 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestead_Steel_Strike Homestead Steel Strike] was mishandled by Frick, and he soon became a target of radical anarchists and others.

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman Alexander Berkmann] (1870-1936), also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

'''drygulchin'd''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_643|page 643: drygulched]].

==Page 738==

'''the San Marcuola stop''' 
[http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-027 Photo of the Canal Grande at San Marcuola vaporetto stop].

'''Laguna Morte''' 
Dead Lagoon.

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way". It should be "macché".

==Page 739==

'''''La macchina infernale''''' 
"Infernal machine"; a (particularly 19th century) term for explosive devices used for terrorist attacks. The most famous example is "La conspiration de la machine infernale", or "Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise", an assassination plot against Napoleon that failed in 1800
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_Rue_Saint-Nicaise wikipedia]).
Earlier in the book, we have encountered Tancredi working on "Preliminary Studies" toward such a machine (see page 585f.)

'''Bresci''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaetano_Bresci Gaetano Bresci] (1869-1901), an Italian-American anarchist who assassinated Italian King Umberto I on July 29, 1900. He died in prison.

'''Luccheni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Lucheni Luigi Lucheni] (1873-1910), an Italian anarchist who stabbed, with a frayed file, to death the Austrian Empress Elizabeth in Geneva, Switzerland, on Septem 10, 1898. He late died in prison.

'''bad news rolling up the rails''' 
cf p. 41: "Most people have a wheel riding on a wire, or some rails in the street [...], to keep them moving in the direction of their destiny". Inevitability?

==Page 740==

'''Torino''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin Torino], ''Turin'', is a major industrial city as well as a business and cultural center in northern Italy. It is the home of the headquarters of Fiat and host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. It was the first capital of Italy.

'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm Gaulois].

'''Riva''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_575|page 575: Riva]].

==Page 741==

'''the Procuratie''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procuratie_Nuove The Procuraties] are three connected buildings on St Mark's Square in Venice. They are historic buildings over arcades and also connected to St Mark's Clocktower.

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

'''susurrance''' 
A murmur or whisper. From the Latin ''susurrare'', to whisper.

'''Strauss Jr.''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II Johann Strauss Jr.] (1825-1899) was an Austrian composer known especially for his waltzes, such as ''On the Beautiful Blue Danube, Tales from the Vienna Woods'' and ''Emperor Waltz''.

'''Luigi Denza''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_353|page 353: Luigi Denza]].

'''Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermanno_Wolf-Ferrari Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari] (1876-1948) was an Italian composer, best known for his comic operas.

==Page 742==

'''paletot''' 
an overcoat.

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

'''''teppisti''''' 
thugs.

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''''Via, via!''''' 
Come on, come on!

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
The Buddha is said to have taught, "Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one getting burned." Contributor researching source text.

'''Glisentis''' 
A pistol manufactured by Glisentis Company of Italy

==Page 743==

'''''assassini''''' 
hitmen; murderers

'''''Batti! batti la faccia''''' 
Beat! beat the face.

'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Set right, made square, rendered unidirectional.

:Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

:"Rectification" is a buzzword used in Henry James' ''The Princess Casamassima,'' where it seems to mean doing away with the class system.

'''''foschia''''' 
Italian: "haze"

'''Empress Elisabeth''' 
Austrian Empress Elizabeth was stabbed to death by Luigi Lucheni on September 10, 1898. Cf page 739.

'''King Umberto''' 
Italian King Umberto was shot on July 29, 1900 by Gaetano Bresci. Cf page 739.

==Page 744==

'''the Bauer-Grünwald''' 
The Bauer-Grünwald Hotel in Venice. It is a five-star luxurious hotel located a few minutes walk from San Marco Square. Cf page 136 & page 576.

'''Pommery''' 
A high-class French champagne. [http://www.thewinedoctor.com/champagne/pommery.shtml Pommery].

==Page 745==

'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1) in buying and selling for profit. 2) To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

'''''stranniki''''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|page 663: ''stranniki'']]

==Page 746==

'''the Ponte degli Scalzi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_degli_Scalzi The Ponte degli Scalzi] is one of the only three bridges in Venice to span the Grand Canal. It connects the districts of Santa Croce and Cannaregio. The Italian words mean ''Bridge of the Barefoot''.

'''Giudecca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giudecca Giudecca] is an island in the Venetian Lagoon lying immediately south of the central islands, from which is is separated by the Giudecca Canal.

'''''Stromboli''''' 
An Italian warship. It was an Etna Class Protected Cruiser, launched on February 4, 1886 and sold for disposal on March 10, 1907. See [http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/italian_cruisers.htm Italian Cruisers].

'''''traghetti''''' 
ferries.

'''the Zattere''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: Zattere]]. The Zattere, a long ''riva'' (river bank) extending from the basin of San Marco to San Basilio, has a panoramic view of the island of San Giorgio and the whole of the Giudecca island with Palladio's churches.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Chirico Giorgio de Chirico's] painting: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse_%28The_Melancholy_of_Departure%29 ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)''], dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-07-16T18:13:26Z

Sonni: /* Page 727 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomites Dolomites].

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione Francesco Squarcione] (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua).

'''Mantegna''' 
[http://www.wga.hu/bio/m/mantegna/biograph.html Andrea Mantegna] (1431-1505) was an Italian Renaissance artist. He was one of the foremost north Italian painters of the 15th century. A master of perspective and foreshortening, Mantegna made important contributions to the compositional technigues of Renaissance painting.

'''the famed Paduan collector and impresario''' 
ie. Mantegna. Mentegna studied and worked between 1441-1459 at Padua, a city of northeast Italy west of Venice. At that time in Padua there was much interest in collecting and studying Roman antiquities. Padua was an important cultural center during the Middle Ages and was known for its artistic and architectural works by Giotto, Mantegna and Donatello. Galileo taught at its university from 1592 to 1610.

'''On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Lost Lands''' 
a fictitious place in the Lagoon?

'''''The Sack of Rome''''' 
a fictitious mural artwork?

'''''caorlina''''' 
I suspect this is a typo, and should be ''carolina'' which is a small boat, a skiff. In the context, this one is steam-powered.

"caorlina" in fact appears to be accurate according to this description: [http://www.doge.it/regata/regata50i.htm#9 caorlina]- 
Caorlina is indeed a kind of rowing boat, which derives its name from the town of Caorle, near Venice. Nowadays it can be seen exclusively during the traditional "Regata Storica" (Historical Regatta) held every year in Venice

'''Marco Zoppo''' 
[http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?34000 Marco Zoppo] (1433-1478), another Paduan painter. An innovator with a very personal style with rich artistic inventiveness. His reputation as an artist diminished gradually in the past, but his contributions to Venetian painting and book illumination have now been recognized.

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''Cannareggio''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: Cannareggio]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "fireflies", and common slang for "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs". It should be "squadre" because the word is feminine.

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''''forcheta''''' 
Although on page 582 there is one ''foschetta'' here it doesn't fit in. It should be "forchetta" in Italian and the meaning is "fork", but here it refers obviously to the resting place of the oars on the side of the gondola (due to the form, similar to a fork). The omission of a double consonant is typical of the dialect of north-eastern Italy.

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination. 
Hottentot was the former, colonial name of the Khoekhoe of modern Namibia who together with the Hereros were the object of German genocide from 1904 to 1907. For Reef, it was a current event. Pynchon mentions the Hereros in both ''V.'' and ''GR''.

'''Antietam''' 
It refers to the Battle of Antietam in the American Civil War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam The Battle of Antietam] was an important Union battle in the War and fought on September 17, 1862 near Antietam Creek in Maryland. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history with almost 23,000 casualties, and Union victory (although McClellan failed to follow up) permitted Lincoln to issue a preliminary Emancipation Declaration. Earlier important battles include Grant's successes at Ft. Donelson [February 1862] and Shiloh [April 1862](although this victory too was not followed up).

==Page 728==

'''San Polo''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: San Polo]].

'''Rialto bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_439|page 439: Nuovo Rialto]].

'''''bisi''''' 
Italian: peas.

'''''campo''''' 
a large square.

'''Ca' Spongiatosta''' 
Casa Spongiatosta: House of Princess Spongiatosta. (see page 582).

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''Friuli''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friuli Friuli] is a region in northeast Italy next to Slovenia and Austria.

'''Treviso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treviso Treviso] is a town in the Veneto region of Italy.

'''radicchio''' 
a chicory of a red variety with variegated leaves.

'''verza''' 
Italian: cabbage.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks" "good luck, boys"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''the Britannia, once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli''' 
Originally a 19th century residence, the Britannia hotel is situated behind Rome's famous Opera House. As far as its being once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli... 
A rich history in this 18th or 19th-century building on the Grand Canal. [http://www.willetholthuysen.nl/reizen.php?id=6 Here is a photo] of it, circa 1868, as the Hotel Barbesi. Apparently it and two contiguous properties have been [http://www.starwoodpressclub.com/index.php?id=35&no_cache=1&L=5&tx_ttnews%5Bhid%5D=82&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=776&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=54&cHash=6a654b2302 in hotel service ever since] (1868 Barbesi, 1881 Britannia, 1930s Regina, 1938 Europa & Britannia, 1976 Europa & Regina, now Westin Europa & Regina). [http://www.starwoodhotels.com/westin/property/photos/index.html?propertyID=75#photo_section_0Link This Westin page] contains many photos; click the very first thumbnail. The structure that used to be the Britannia is on the right.

'''offer old Barkie the light''' 
"offer the light" is a cricket term where the umpire asks the batsmen if they wish to continue playing in poor light conditions. But who's "old Barkie"? Often, wooden boats are affectionately nicknamed "old Barkie," but...

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it. It is also known as an unlucky number, thirteen away from century (100 runs), in which many batsmen get out.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on [[ATD_615-643#Page_623|page 623 (see annotations).]]

'''Florian's''' 
A café in San Marco Sqaure.

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids", but it should be "cameriere" since it is a plural feminine, while the ending -i is masculine plural. Usually the word means "waiter" / "waitress".

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''Pearl Street''' 
The location of the headquarters of Vibe Corp. [[ATD_318-335#Page_333|See annotations, p. 333.]]

'''daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night''' 
An echo of the "daylit fiction" of the Columbian Exposition, is a vision of always-optimistic, boosterism, positive thinking America, in Pynchon's mind, which has not internalized its own darkness, it seems. Cf. The novel's epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

'''Quadri's''' 
''Gran Caffè Ristorante'' in Venice. [http://www.venetia.it/quadri/index.htm Quadri] has been considered a symbol of gastronomic excellence directly overlooking St. Mark's Square. 
Quadri (like square or quad) is also a pun on the ever present "4."

'''Lavena''' 
[http://www.venetia.it/lavena/index.htm ''Caffè Lavena''] at Piazza St. Marco, Venice.

'''the D.and D.''' 

Deaf and Dumb

'''a Cavour''' 
A cigar brand.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "pub" or any other place where you can drink and eat at all hours.

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit". It may translate as shit, but its lteral menaing is "penis" and it has a variety of uses in Italian.

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''Marienbad''' 
German for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B Mariánské Lézně], a spa town in the Carlsbad Region of the Czech Republic. The town's Golden Era was in the second half of the 19th century, when many celebrities and top European rulers came to enjoy the curative carbon dioxide springs.

'''Salzburg''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg Salzburg], the birthplace of Mozart, is the fourth-largest city in Austria. It is located in the western Austria at the border with Germany. Its "Old Town", a UNESCO World Heritge Site, is well-known for its baroque architecture. The 1965 movie ''The Sound of Music'' drew ambivalent reactions from the citizens of Salzburg: the film is too tacky for their taste but it is also Salzburg's fattest cash cow.

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Rigby Nitro Express''' 
A big game rifle cartridge. Black powder as the propellant in cartridges began to be replaced by smokeless powder/Cordite in the 1880s. Firearms maker John Rigby & Co. of Dublin, renowned for "elephant guns," got into the ammunition line late in the century, and some of the cartridges the firm brought out a century ago are still in use. The .350 Rigby Nitro Express came on the market in 1908. Other Rigby products are the .416 Rigby, still a standard, and the .470 Rigby, introduced in 1907. Problem: According to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_(company) Wikipedia entry] on the company, the only .450 Rigby cartridge appeared in 1995. But (there's always a "but") the [http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_&_Co ''Swedish'' Wikipedia] confirms a .450 Rigby Nitro Express produced from 1897 on.

These rounds could stop a rhino dead in his tracks and might have been effective against a plutocrat.

'''Henry Clay Frick''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay_Frick Henry Clay Frick] (1849-1919) was an American industrialist and art patron. In 1881, he and Andrew Carnegie formed a partnership between H.C. Frick & Co and Carnegie Steel Co. with Frick in charge of the Steel Company's operations. The 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestead_Steel_Strike Homestead Steel Strike] was mishandled by Frick, and he soon became a target of radical anarchists and others.

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman Alexander Berkmann] (1870-1936), also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

'''drygulchin'd''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_643|page 643: drygulched]].

==Page 738==

'''the San Marcuola stop''' 
[http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-027 Photo of the Canal Grande at San Marcuola vaporetto stop].

'''Laguna Morte''' 
Dead Lagoon.

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way". It should be "macché".

==Page 739==

'''''La macchina infernale''''' 
"Infernal machine"; a (particularly 19th century) term for explosive devices used for terrorist attacks. The most famous example is "La conspiration de la machine infernale", or "Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise", an assassination plot against Napoleon that failed in 1800
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_Rue_Saint-Nicaise wikipedia]).
Earlier in the book, we have encountered Tancredi working on "Preliminary Studies" toward such a machine (see page 585f.)

'''Bresci''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaetano_Bresci Gaetano Bresci] (1869-1901), an Italian-American anarchist who assassinated Italian King Umberto I on July 29, 1900. He died in prison.

'''Luccheni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Lucheni Luigi Lucheni] (1873-1910), an Italian anarchist who stabbed, with a frayed file, to death the Austrian Empress Elizabeth in Geneva, Switzerland, on Septem 10, 1898. He late died in prison.

'''bad news rolling up the rails''' 
cf p. 41: "Most people have a wheel riding on a wire, or some rails in the street [...], to keep them moving in the direction of their destiny". Inevitability?

==Page 740==

'''Torino''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin Torino], ''Turin'', is a major industrial city as well as a business and cultural center in northern Italy. It is the home of the headquarters of Fiat and host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. It was the first capital of Italy.

'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm Gaulois].

'''Riva''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_575|page 575: Riva]].

==Page 741==

'''the Procuratie''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procuratie_Nuove The Procuraties] are three connected buildings on St Mark's Square in Venice. They are historic buildings over arcades and also connected to St Mark's Clocktower.

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

'''susurrance''' 
A murmur or whisper. From the Latin ''susurrare'', to whisper.

'''Strauss Jr.''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II Johann Strauss Jr.] (1825-1899) was an Austrian composer known especially for his waltzes, such as ''On the Beautiful Blue Danube, Tales from the Vienna Woods'' and ''Emperor Waltz''.

'''Luigi Denza''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_353|page 353: Luigi Denza]].

'''Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermanno_Wolf-Ferrari Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari] (1876-1948) was an Italian composer, best known for his comic operas.

==Page 742==

'''paletot''' 
an overcoat.

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

'''''teppisti''''' 
thugs.

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''''Via, via!''''' 
Come on, come on!

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
The Buddha is said to have taught, "Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one getting burned." Contributor researching source text.

'''Glisentis''' 
A pistol manufactured by Glisentis Company of Italy

==Page 743==

'''''assassini''''' 
hitmen; murderers

'''''Batti! batti la faccia''''' 
Beat! beat the face.

'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Set right, made square, rendered unidirectional.

:Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

:"Rectification" is a buzzword used in Henry James' ''The Princess Casamassima,'' where it seems to mean doing away with the class system.

'''''foschia''''' 
Italian: "haze"

'''Empress Elisabeth''' 
Austrian Empress Elizabeth was stabbed to death by Luigi Lucheni on September 10, 1898. Cf page 739.

'''King Umberto''' 
Italian King Umberto was shot on July 29, 1900 by Gaetano Bresci. Cf page 739.

==Page 744==

'''the Bauer-Grünwald''' 
The Bauer-Grünwald Hotel in Venice. It is a five-star luxurious hotel located a few minutes walk from San Marco Square. Cf page 136 & page 576.

'''Pommery''' 
A high-class French champagne. [http://www.thewinedoctor.com/champagne/pommery.shtml Pommery].

==Page 745==

'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1) in buying and selling for profit. 2) To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

'''''stranniki''''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|page 663: ''stranniki'']]

==Page 746==

'''the Ponte degli Scalzi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_degli_Scalzi The Ponte degli Scalzi] is one of the only three bridges in Venice to span the Grand Canal. It connects the districts of Santa Croce and Cannaregio. The Italian words mean ''Bridge of the Barefoot''.

'''Giudecca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giudecca Giudecca] is an island in the Venetian Lagoon lying immediately south of the central islands, from which is is separated by the Giudecca Canal.

'''''Stromboli''''' 
An Italian warship. It was an Etna Class Protected Cruiser, launched on February 4, 1886 and sold for disposal on March 10, 1907. See [http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/italian_cruisers.htm Italian Cruisers].

'''''traghetti''''' 
ferries.

'''the Zattere''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: Zattere]]. The Zattere, a long ''riva'' (river bank) extending from the basin of San Marco to San Basilio, has a panoramic view of the island of San Giorgio and the whole of the Giudecca island with Palladio's churches.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Chirico Giorgio de Chirico's] painting: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse_%28The_Melancholy_of_Departure%29 ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)''], dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-07-16T18:11:17Z

Sonni: /* Page 726 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomites Dolomites].

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione Francesco Squarcione] (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua).

'''Mantegna''' 
[http://www.wga.hu/bio/m/mantegna/biograph.html Andrea Mantegna] (1431-1505) was an Italian Renaissance artist. He was one of the foremost north Italian painters of the 15th century. A master of perspective and foreshortening, Mantegna made important contributions to the compositional technigues of Renaissance painting.

'''the famed Paduan collector and impresario''' 
ie. Mantegna. Mentegna studied and worked between 1441-1459 at Padua, a city of northeast Italy west of Venice. At that time in Padua there was much interest in collecting and studying Roman antiquities. Padua was an important cultural center during the Middle Ages and was known for its artistic and architectural works by Giotto, Mantegna and Donatello. Galileo taught at its university from 1592 to 1610.

'''On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Lost Lands''' 
a fictitious place in the Lagoon?

'''''The Sack of Rome''''' 
a fictitious mural artwork?

'''''caorlina''''' 
I suspect this is a typo, and should be ''carolina'' which is a small boat, a skiff. In the context, this one is steam-powered.

"caorlina" in fact appears to be accurate according to this description: [http://www.doge.it/regata/regata50i.htm#9 caorlina]- 
Caorlina is indeed a kind of rowing boat, which derives its name from the town of Caorle, near Venice. Nowadays it can be seen exclusively during the traditional "Regata Storica" (Historical Regatta) held every year in Venice

'''Marco Zoppo''' 
[http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?34000 Marco Zoppo] (1433-1478), another Paduan painter. An innovator with a very personal style with rich artistic inventiveness. His reputation as an artist diminished gradually in the past, but his contributions to Venetian painting and book illumination have now been recognized.

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''Cannareggio''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: Cannareggio]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs". It should be "squadre" because the word is feminine.

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''''forcheta''''' 
Although on page 582 there is one ''foschetta'' here it doesn't fit in. It should be "forchetta" in Italian and the meaning is "fork", but here it refers obviously to the resting place of the oars on the side of the gondola (due to the form, similar to a fork). The omission of a double consonant is typical of the dialect of north-eastern Italy.

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination. 
Hottentot was the former, colonial name of the Khoekhoe of modern Namibia who together with the Hereros were the object of German genocide from 1904 to 1907. For Reef, it was a current event. Pynchon mentions the Hereros in both ''V.'' and ''GR''.

'''Antietam''' 
It refers to the Battle of Antietam in the American Civil War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam The Battle of Antietam] was an important Union battle in the War and fought on September 17, 1862 near Antietam Creek in Maryland. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history with almost 23,000 casualties, and Union victory (although McClellan failed to follow up) permitted Lincoln to issue a preliminary Emancipation Declaration. Earlier important battles include Grant's successes at Ft. Donelson [February 1862] and Shiloh [April 1862](although this victory too was not followed up).

==Page 728==

'''San Polo''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: San Polo]].

'''Rialto bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_439|page 439: Nuovo Rialto]].

'''''bisi''''' 
Italian: peas.

'''''campo''''' 
a large square.

'''Ca' Spongiatosta''' 
Casa Spongiatosta: House of Princess Spongiatosta. (see page 582).

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''Friuli''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friuli Friuli] is a region in northeast Italy next to Slovenia and Austria.

'''Treviso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treviso Treviso] is a town in the Veneto region of Italy.

'''radicchio''' 
a chicory of a red variety with variegated leaves.

'''verza''' 
Italian: cabbage.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks" "good luck, boys"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''the Britannia, once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli''' 
Originally a 19th century residence, the Britannia hotel is situated behind Rome's famous Opera House. As far as its being once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli... 
A rich history in this 18th or 19th-century building on the Grand Canal. [http://www.willetholthuysen.nl/reizen.php?id=6 Here is a photo] of it, circa 1868, as the Hotel Barbesi. Apparently it and two contiguous properties have been [http://www.starwoodpressclub.com/index.php?id=35&no_cache=1&L=5&tx_ttnews%5Bhid%5D=82&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=776&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=54&cHash=6a654b2302 in hotel service ever since] (1868 Barbesi, 1881 Britannia, 1930s Regina, 1938 Europa & Britannia, 1976 Europa & Regina, now Westin Europa & Regina). [http://www.starwoodhotels.com/westin/property/photos/index.html?propertyID=75#photo_section_0Link This Westin page] contains many photos; click the very first thumbnail. The structure that used to be the Britannia is on the right.

'''offer old Barkie the light''' 
"offer the light" is a cricket term where the umpire asks the batsmen if they wish to continue playing in poor light conditions. But who's "old Barkie"? Often, wooden boats are affectionately nicknamed "old Barkie," but...

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it. It is also known as an unlucky number, thirteen away from century (100 runs), in which many batsmen get out.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on [[ATD_615-643#Page_623|page 623 (see annotations).]]

'''Florian's''' 
A café in San Marco Sqaure.

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids", but it should be "cameriere" since it is a plural feminine, while the ending -i is masculine plural. Usually the word means "waiter" / "waitress".

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''Pearl Street''' 
The location of the headquarters of Vibe Corp. [[ATD_318-335#Page_333|See annotations, p. 333.]]

'''daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night''' 
An echo of the "daylit fiction" of the Columbian Exposition, is a vision of always-optimistic, boosterism, positive thinking America, in Pynchon's mind, which has not internalized its own darkness, it seems. Cf. The novel's epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

'''Quadri's''' 
''Gran Caffè Ristorante'' in Venice. [http://www.venetia.it/quadri/index.htm Quadri] has been considered a symbol of gastronomic excellence directly overlooking St. Mark's Square. 
Quadri (like square or quad) is also a pun on the ever present "4."

'''Lavena''' 
[http://www.venetia.it/lavena/index.htm ''Caffè Lavena''] at Piazza St. Marco, Venice.

'''the D.and D.''' 

Deaf and Dumb

'''a Cavour''' 
A cigar brand.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "pub" or any other place where you can drink and eat at all hours.

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit". It may translate as shit, but its lteral menaing is "penis" and it has a variety of uses in Italian.

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''Marienbad''' 
German for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B Mariánské Lézně], a spa town in the Carlsbad Region of the Czech Republic. The town's Golden Era was in the second half of the 19th century, when many celebrities and top European rulers came to enjoy the curative carbon dioxide springs.

'''Salzburg''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg Salzburg], the birthplace of Mozart, is the fourth-largest city in Austria. It is located in the western Austria at the border with Germany. Its "Old Town", a UNESCO World Heritge Site, is well-known for its baroque architecture. The 1965 movie ''The Sound of Music'' drew ambivalent reactions from the citizens of Salzburg: the film is too tacky for their taste but it is also Salzburg's fattest cash cow.

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Rigby Nitro Express''' 
A big game rifle cartridge. Black powder as the propellant in cartridges began to be replaced by smokeless powder/Cordite in the 1880s. Firearms maker John Rigby & Co. of Dublin, renowned for "elephant guns," got into the ammunition line late in the century, and some of the cartridges the firm brought out a century ago are still in use. The .350 Rigby Nitro Express came on the market in 1908. Other Rigby products are the .416 Rigby, still a standard, and the .470 Rigby, introduced in 1907. Problem: According to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_(company) Wikipedia entry] on the company, the only .450 Rigby cartridge appeared in 1995. But (there's always a "but") the [http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_&_Co ''Swedish'' Wikipedia] confirms a .450 Rigby Nitro Express produced from 1897 on.

These rounds could stop a rhino dead in his tracks and might have been effective against a plutocrat.

'''Henry Clay Frick''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay_Frick Henry Clay Frick] (1849-1919) was an American industrialist and art patron. In 1881, he and Andrew Carnegie formed a partnership between H.C. Frick & Co and Carnegie Steel Co. with Frick in charge of the Steel Company's operations. The 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestead_Steel_Strike Homestead Steel Strike] was mishandled by Frick, and he soon became a target of radical anarchists and others.

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman Alexander Berkmann] (1870-1936), also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

'''drygulchin'd''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_643|page 643: drygulched]].

==Page 738==

'''the San Marcuola stop''' 
[http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-027 Photo of the Canal Grande at San Marcuola vaporetto stop].

'''Laguna Morte''' 
Dead Lagoon.

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way". It should be "macché".

==Page 739==

'''''La macchina infernale''''' 
"Infernal machine"; a (particularly 19th century) term for explosive devices used for terrorist attacks. The most famous example is "La conspiration de la machine infernale", or "Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise", an assassination plot against Napoleon that failed in 1800
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_Rue_Saint-Nicaise wikipedia]).
Earlier in the book, we have encountered Tancredi working on "Preliminary Studies" toward such a machine (see page 585f.)

'''Bresci''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaetano_Bresci Gaetano Bresci] (1869-1901), an Italian-American anarchist who assassinated Italian King Umberto I on July 29, 1900. He died in prison.

'''Luccheni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Lucheni Luigi Lucheni] (1873-1910), an Italian anarchist who stabbed, with a frayed file, to death the Austrian Empress Elizabeth in Geneva, Switzerland, on Septem 10, 1898. He late died in prison.

'''bad news rolling up the rails''' 
cf p. 41: "Most people have a wheel riding on a wire, or some rails in the street [...], to keep them moving in the direction of their destiny". Inevitability?

==Page 740==

'''Torino''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin Torino], ''Turin'', is a major industrial city as well as a business and cultural center in northern Italy. It is the home of the headquarters of Fiat and host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. It was the first capital of Italy.

'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm Gaulois].

'''Riva''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_575|page 575: Riva]].

==Page 741==

'''the Procuratie''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procuratie_Nuove The Procuraties] are three connected buildings on St Mark's Square in Venice. They are historic buildings over arcades and also connected to St Mark's Clocktower.

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

'''susurrance''' 
A murmur or whisper. From the Latin ''susurrare'', to whisper.

'''Strauss Jr.''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II Johann Strauss Jr.] (1825-1899) was an Austrian composer known especially for his waltzes, such as ''On the Beautiful Blue Danube, Tales from the Vienna Woods'' and ''Emperor Waltz''.

'''Luigi Denza''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_353|page 353: Luigi Denza]].

'''Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermanno_Wolf-Ferrari Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari] (1876-1948) was an Italian composer, best known for his comic operas.

==Page 742==

'''paletot''' 
an overcoat.

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

'''''teppisti''''' 
thugs.

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''''Via, via!''''' 
Come on, come on!

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
The Buddha is said to have taught, "Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one getting burned." Contributor researching source text.

'''Glisentis''' 
A pistol manufactured by Glisentis Company of Italy

==Page 743==

'''''assassini''''' 
hitmen; murderers

'''''Batti! batti la faccia''''' 
Beat! beat the face.

'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Set right, made square, rendered unidirectional.

:Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

:"Rectification" is a buzzword used in Henry James' ''The Princess Casamassima,'' where it seems to mean doing away with the class system.

'''''foschia''''' 
Italian: "haze"

'''Empress Elisabeth''' 
Austrian Empress Elizabeth was stabbed to death by Luigi Lucheni on September 10, 1898. Cf page 739.

'''King Umberto''' 
Italian King Umberto was shot on July 29, 1900 by Gaetano Bresci. Cf page 739.

==Page 744==

'''the Bauer-Grünwald''' 
The Bauer-Grünwald Hotel in Venice. It is a five-star luxurious hotel located a few minutes walk from San Marco Square. Cf page 136 & page 576.

'''Pommery''' 
A high-class French champagne. [http://www.thewinedoctor.com/champagne/pommery.shtml Pommery].

==Page 745==

'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1) in buying and selling for profit. 2) To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

'''''stranniki''''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|page 663: ''stranniki'']]

==Page 746==

'''the Ponte degli Scalzi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_degli_Scalzi The Ponte degli Scalzi] is one of the only three bridges in Venice to span the Grand Canal. It connects the districts of Santa Croce and Cannaregio. The Italian words mean ''Bridge of the Barefoot''.

'''Giudecca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giudecca Giudecca] is an island in the Venetian Lagoon lying immediately south of the central islands, from which is is separated by the Giudecca Canal.

'''''Stromboli''''' 
An Italian warship. It was an Etna Class Protected Cruiser, launched on February 4, 1886 and sold for disposal on March 10, 1907. See [http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/italian_cruisers.htm Italian Cruisers].

'''''traghetti''''' 
ferries.

'''the Zattere''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: Zattere]]. The Zattere, a long ''riva'' (river bank) extending from the basin of San Marco to San Basilio, has a panoramic view of the island of San Giorgio and the whole of the Giudecca island with Palladio's churches.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Chirico Giorgio de Chirico's] painting: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse_%28The_Melancholy_of_Departure%29 ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)''], dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-07-16T18:10:44Z

Sonni: /* Page 726 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomites Dolomites].

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione Francesco Squarcione] (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua).

'''Mantegna''' 
[http://www.wga.hu/bio/m/mantegna/biograph.html Andrea Mantegna] (1431-1505) was an Italian Renaissance artist. He was one of the foremost north Italian painters of the 15th century. A master of perspective and foreshortening, Mantegna made important contributions to the compositional technigues of Renaissance painting.

'''the famed Paduan collector and impresario''' 
ie. Mantegna. Mentegna studied and worked between 1441-1459 at Padua, a city of northeast Italy west of Venice. At that time in Padua there was much interest in collecting and studying Roman antiquities. Padua was an important cultural center during the Middle Ages and was known for its artistic and architectural works by Giotto, Mantegna and Donatello. Galileo taught at its university from 1592 to 1610.

'''On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Lost Lands''' 
a fictitious place in the Lagoon?

'''''The Sack of Rome''''' 
a fictitious mural artwork?

'''''caorlina''''' 
I suspect this is a typo, and should be ''carolina'' which is a small boat, a skiff. In the context, this one is steam-powered.

"caorlina" in fact appears to be accurate according to this description: [http://www.doge.it/regata/regata50i.htm#9 caorlina]
Caorlina is indeed a kind of rowing boat, which derives its name from the town of Caorle, near Venice. Nowadays it can be seen exclusively during the traditional "Regata Storica" (Historical Regatta) held every year in Venice

'''Marco Zoppo''' 
[http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?34000 Marco Zoppo] (1433-1478), another Paduan painter. An innovator with a very personal style with rich artistic inventiveness. His reputation as an artist diminished gradually in the past, but his contributions to Venetian painting and book illumination have now been recognized.

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''Cannareggio''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: Cannareggio]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs". It should be "squadre" because the word is feminine.

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''''forcheta''''' 
Although on page 582 there is one ''foschetta'' here it doesn't fit in. It should be "forchetta" in Italian and the meaning is "fork", but here it refers obviously to the resting place of the oars on the side of the gondola (due to the form, similar to a fork). The omission of a double consonant is typical of the dialect of north-eastern Italy.

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination. 
Hottentot was the former, colonial name of the Khoekhoe of modern Namibia who together with the Hereros were the object of German genocide from 1904 to 1907. For Reef, it was a current event. Pynchon mentions the Hereros in both ''V.'' and ''GR''.

'''Antietam''' 
It refers to the Battle of Antietam in the American Civil War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam The Battle of Antietam] was an important Union battle in the War and fought on September 17, 1862 near Antietam Creek in Maryland. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history with almost 23,000 casualties, and Union victory (although McClellan failed to follow up) permitted Lincoln to issue a preliminary Emancipation Declaration. Earlier important battles include Grant's successes at Ft. Donelson [February 1862] and Shiloh [April 1862](although this victory too was not followed up).

==Page 728==

'''San Polo''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_573|page 573: San Polo]].

'''Rialto bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_439|page 439: Nuovo Rialto]].

'''''bisi''''' 
Italian: peas.

'''''campo''''' 
a large square.

'''Ca' Spongiatosta''' 
Casa Spongiatosta: House of Princess Spongiatosta. (see page 582).

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''Friuli''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friuli Friuli] is a region in northeast Italy next to Slovenia and Austria.

'''Treviso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treviso Treviso] is a town in the Veneto region of Italy.

'''radicchio''' 
a chicory of a red variety with variegated leaves.

'''verza''' 
Italian: cabbage.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks" "good luck, boys"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''the Britannia, once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli''' 
Originally a 19th century residence, the Britannia hotel is situated behind Rome's famous Opera House. As far as its being once known as the Palazzo Zucchelli... 
A rich history in this 18th or 19th-century building on the Grand Canal. [http://www.willetholthuysen.nl/reizen.php?id=6 Here is a photo] of it, circa 1868, as the Hotel Barbesi. Apparently it and two contiguous properties have been [http://www.starwoodpressclub.com/index.php?id=35&no_cache=1&L=5&tx_ttnews%5Bhid%5D=82&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=776&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=54&cHash=6a654b2302 in hotel service ever since] (1868 Barbesi, 1881 Britannia, 1930s Regina, 1938 Europa & Britannia, 1976 Europa & Regina, now Westin Europa & Regina). [http://www.starwoodhotels.com/westin/property/photos/index.html?propertyID=75#photo_section_0Link This Westin page] contains many photos; click the very first thumbnail. The structure that used to be the Britannia is on the right.

'''offer old Barkie the light''' 
"offer the light" is a cricket term where the umpire asks the batsmen if they wish to continue playing in poor light conditions. But who's "old Barkie"? Often, wooden boats are affectionately nicknamed "old Barkie," but...

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it. It is also known as an unlucky number, thirteen away from century (100 runs), in which many batsmen get out.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on [[ATD_615-643#Page_623|page 623 (see annotations).]]

'''Florian's''' 
A café in San Marco Sqaure.

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids", but it should be "cameriere" since it is a plural feminine, while the ending -i is masculine plural. Usually the word means "waiter" / "waitress".

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''Pearl Street''' 
The location of the headquarters of Vibe Corp. [[ATD_318-335#Page_333|See annotations, p. 333.]]

'''daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night''' 
An echo of the "daylit fiction" of the Columbian Exposition, is a vision of always-optimistic, boosterism, positive thinking America, in Pynchon's mind, which has not internalized its own darkness, it seems. Cf. The novel's epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

'''Quadri's''' 
''Gran Caffè Ristorante'' in Venice. [http://www.venetia.it/quadri/index.htm Quadri] has been considered a symbol of gastronomic excellence directly overlooking St. Mark's Square. 
Quadri (like square or quad) is also a pun on the ever present "4."

'''Lavena''' 
[http://www.venetia.it/lavena/index.htm ''Caffè Lavena''] at Piazza St. Marco, Venice.

'''the D.and D.''' 

Deaf and Dumb

'''a Cavour''' 
A cigar brand.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "pub" or any other place where you can drink and eat at all hours.

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit". It may translate as shit, but its lteral menaing is "penis" and it has a variety of uses in Italian.

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''Marienbad''' 
German for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B Mariánské Lézně], a spa town in the Carlsbad Region of the Czech Republic. The town's Golden Era was in the second half of the 19th century, when many celebrities and top European rulers came to enjoy the curative carbon dioxide springs.

'''Salzburg''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg Salzburg], the birthplace of Mozart, is the fourth-largest city in Austria. It is located in the western Austria at the border with Germany. Its "Old Town", a UNESCO World Heritge Site, is well-known for its baroque architecture. The 1965 movie ''The Sound of Music'' drew ambivalent reactions from the citizens of Salzburg: the film is too tacky for their taste but it is also Salzburg's fattest cash cow.

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Rigby Nitro Express''' 
A big game rifle cartridge. Black powder as the propellant in cartridges began to be replaced by smokeless powder/Cordite in the 1880s. Firearms maker John Rigby & Co. of Dublin, renowned for "elephant guns," got into the ammunition line late in the century, and some of the cartridges the firm brought out a century ago are still in use. The .350 Rigby Nitro Express came on the market in 1908. Other Rigby products are the .416 Rigby, still a standard, and the .470 Rigby, introduced in 1907. Problem: According to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_(company) Wikipedia entry] on the company, the only .450 Rigby cartridge appeared in 1995. But (there's always a "but") the [http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rigby_&_Co ''Swedish'' Wikipedia] confirms a .450 Rigby Nitro Express produced from 1897 on.

These rounds could stop a rhino dead in his tracks and might have been effective against a plutocrat.

'''Henry Clay Frick''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay_Frick Henry Clay Frick] (1849-1919) was an American industrialist and art patron. In 1881, he and Andrew Carnegie formed a partnership between H.C. Frick & Co and Carnegie Steel Co. with Frick in charge of the Steel Company's operations. The 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homestead_Steel_Strike Homestead Steel Strike] was mishandled by Frick, and he soon became a target of radical anarchists and others.

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman Alexander Berkmann] (1870-1936), also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

'''drygulchin'd''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_643|page 643: drygulched]].

==Page 738==

'''the San Marcuola stop''' 
[http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-027 Photo of the Canal Grande at San Marcuola vaporetto stop].

'''Laguna Morte''' 
Dead Lagoon.

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way". It should be "macché".

==Page 739==

'''''La macchina infernale''''' 
"Infernal machine"; a (particularly 19th century) term for explosive devices used for terrorist attacks. The most famous example is "La conspiration de la machine infernale", or "Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise", an assassination plot against Napoleon that failed in 1800
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_Rue_Saint-Nicaise wikipedia]).
Earlier in the book, we have encountered Tancredi working on "Preliminary Studies" toward such a machine (see page 585f.)

'''Bresci''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaetano_Bresci Gaetano Bresci] (1869-1901), an Italian-American anarchist who assassinated Italian King Umberto I on July 29, 1900. He died in prison.

'''Luccheni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Lucheni Luigi Lucheni] (1873-1910), an Italian anarchist who stabbed, with a frayed file, to death the Austrian Empress Elizabeth in Geneva, Switzerland, on Septem 10, 1898. He late died in prison.

'''bad news rolling up the rails''' 
cf p. 41: "Most people have a wheel riding on a wire, or some rails in the street [...], to keep them moving in the direction of their destiny". Inevitability?

==Page 740==

'''Torino''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin Torino], ''Turin'', is a major industrial city as well as a business and cultural center in northern Italy. It is the home of the headquarters of Fiat and host of the 2006 Winter Olympics. It was the first capital of Italy.

'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm Gaulois].

'''Riva''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_575|page 575: Riva]].

==Page 741==

'''the Procuratie''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procuratie_Nuove The Procuraties] are three connected buildings on St Mark's Square in Venice. They are historic buildings over arcades and also connected to St Mark's Clocktower.

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

'''susurrance''' 
A murmur or whisper. From the Latin ''susurrare'', to whisper.

'''Strauss Jr.''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II Johann Strauss Jr.] (1825-1899) was an Austrian composer known especially for his waltzes, such as ''On the Beautiful Blue Danube, Tales from the Vienna Woods'' and ''Emperor Waltz''.

'''Luigi Denza''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_353|page 353: Luigi Denza]].

'''Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermanno_Wolf-Ferrari Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari] (1876-1948) was an Italian composer, best known for his comic operas.

==Page 742==

'''paletot''' 
an overcoat.

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

'''''teppisti''''' 
thugs.

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''''Via, via!''''' 
Come on, come on!

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
The Buddha is said to have taught, "Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one getting burned." Contributor researching source text.

'''Glisentis''' 
A pistol manufactured by Glisentis Company of Italy

==Page 743==

'''''assassini''''' 
hitmen; murderers

'''''Batti! batti la faccia''''' 
Beat! beat the face.

'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Set right, made square, rendered unidirectional.

:Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

:"Rectification" is a buzzword used in Henry James' ''The Princess Casamassima,'' where it seems to mean doing away with the class system.

'''''foschia''''' 
Italian: "haze"

'''Empress Elisabeth''' 
Austrian Empress Elizabeth was stabbed to death by Luigi Lucheni on September 10, 1898. Cf page 739.

'''King Umberto''' 
Italian King Umberto was shot on July 29, 1900 by Gaetano Bresci. Cf page 739.

==Page 744==

'''the Bauer-Grünwald''' 
The Bauer-Grünwald Hotel in Venice. It is a five-star luxurious hotel located a few minutes walk from San Marco Square. Cf page 136 & page 576.

'''Pommery''' 
A high-class French champagne. [http://www.thewinedoctor.com/champagne/pommery.shtml Pommery].

==Page 745==

'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1) in buying and selling for profit. 2) To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

'''''stranniki''''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|page 663: ''stranniki'']]

==Page 746==

'''the Ponte degli Scalzi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_degli_Scalzi The Ponte degli Scalzi] is one of the only three bridges in Venice to span the Grand Canal. It connects the districts of Santa Croce and Cannaregio. The Italian words mean ''Bridge of the Barefoot''.

'''Giudecca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giudecca Giudecca] is an island in the Venetian Lagoon lying immediately south of the central islands, from which is is separated by the Giudecca Canal.

'''''Stromboli''''' 
An Italian warship. It was an Etna Class Protected Cruiser, launched on February 4, 1886 and sold for disposal on March 10, 1907. See [http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/italian_cruisers.htm Italian Cruisers].

'''''traghetti''''' 
ferries.

'''the Zattere''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: Zattere]]. The Zattere, a long ''riva'' (river bank) extending from the basin of San Marco to San Basilio, has a panoramic view of the island of San Giorgio and the whole of the Giudecca island with Palladio's churches.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Chirico Giorgio de Chirico's] painting: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse_%28The_Melancholy_of_Departure%29 ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)''], dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-07-16T18:00:08Z

Sonni: /* Page 722 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German. The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed
from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT) The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks. Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
An Austrian hotel located closed to the main railway station, Westbahnhof.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's October coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-07-16T17:58:11Z

Sonni: /* Page 710 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German. The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed
from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT) The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks. Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
An Austrian hotel located closed to the main railway station, Westbahnhof.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's October coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-07-16T17:56:18Z

Sonni: /* Page 706 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German. The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed
from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT) The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks. Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
An Austrian hotel located closed to the main railway station, Westbahnhof.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's October coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-07-16T17:54:12Z

Sonni: /* Page 706 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German. The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed
from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT) The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks. Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
An Austrian hotel located closed to the main railway station, Westbahnhof.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's October coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

I

2007-07-16T17:52:22Z

Sonni:

'''Iamblichus of Chalcis (ca 245 - ca 325)''' 
232; also known as Iamblichus Chalcidensis, was a Greek neoplatonist philosopher who determined the direction taken by later Neoplatonic philosophy, and perhaps western Paganism itself. He is perhaps best known for his compendium on Pythagorean philosophy; 620; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iamblichus_(philosopher) Wikipedia entry]

'''Ibargüengoitia, Adolfo "El Reparador"''' 
988; "newly-emerged entrepreneur"; El Reparador = Spanish: The Fixer; name possibly connected to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Ibarg%C3%BCengoitia Jorge Ibargüengoitia] (1928-1983), a Mexican novelist and playwrite.

'''Iceland spar''' 
126; Iceland spar is a calcite, which gets its name from "chalix" the Greek word for lime, a most amazing and yet, most common mineral. It is one of the most common minerals on the face of the Earth, comprising about 4% by weight of the Earth's crust and is formed in many different geological environments. Iceland spar is basically clear cleaved fragments of completely colorless (ice-like) calcite, originally discovered and named after Eskifjord, Iceland where the calcite is found in basalt cavities. This special form of calcite became highly prized among scientists and optical instrument makers because it is quite transparent (colorless) and flawless and occurs in huge crystals (up to 7 meters long). Iceland spar is also found in Mexico (Guanajuato), Siberia, Missouri and elsewhere, but the single deposit at Helgustaðir in eastern Iceland was the world's chief source from 1668 to the early 20th century. See [http://www.nagt.org/files/nagt/jge/abstracts/Kristjansson_v50n4p419.pdf this article in PDF format] for an excellent account of the properties, importance and history of Iceland spar. This mineral best demonstrates the unique property of calcite called double refraction where, when a ray of light enters the crystal and due to calcite's unique optical properties, the ray is split into fast and slow beams. As these two beams exit the crystal they are bent into two different angles (known as angles of refraction) because the angle is affected by the speed of the beams. A person viewing into the crystal will see two images ... of everything. Note that the text of the dust jacket of the book is split into three, not two overlapping images. A strategic mineral during WWII used for the sighting equipment of bombardiers and gunners. See [http://www.galleries.com/minerals/carbonat/calcite/calcite.htm this website.] There is a nifty Java applet [http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/birefringence/index.html here] that demonstrates what Iceland Spar looks like when it refracts something and another [http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blcalcite.htm here] that shows actual Iceland Spar at work. Also of interest is the fact that some scientists and historians have argued that the "sunstone," a mysterious item that mentioned in Norse sagas which aided Viking sailors in navigation, might be Iceland Spar. There exists [http://www.polarization.com/viking/viking.html a page] that lays out the basis of the theory, though without much detail as to how the process would work."The Book of..." 133; "paramorphoscopes of" 250; ''Schieferspath'', 305-06; Zombini's, 355; aka ''espato'' or ''espanto'', 375; double-refraction, 375; 387; 391; 437; 564; "expression in crystal form of Earth's velocity" 688;

[[image:Tarot_Judgement.jpg|thumb|Judgement|right]]'''Icosadyad''' 
225; the "Company of Twenty-two," meaning the Major Arcana in the Tarot deck. "They are the ones most capable of damage"; Greek: Icosa- = 20; Dyad, according to the Pythagoreans, is the principle of "twoness" or "otherness" and, generally, is any two entities regarded as a unit; in the Tarot context, "icosadyad" would refer a doubling of Number XX of the Major Arcana of the Tarot deck, Judgement—except that in our context we're to read 20 + 2 instead of 20 x 2; 231; 496; 900; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judgement_(Tarot_card) Wikipedia entry]

'''icosahedron''' 
565; polyhedron having 20 faces, but usually a regular icosahedron is implied, which has equilateral triangles as faces. [Etymology: 16th Century: from Greek eikosaedron, from eikosi twenty + -edron -hedron]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icosahedron Wikipedia entry]

'''Ictibus, The Phenominal Dr.''' 
344; "and His Safe-Deflector Hat"; ictibus is the ablative case for the Latin word "ictus" meaning a "blow" or "strike" - thus, away from a strike, appropriately

'''Idiocy / Idiots''' 
[[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day|All references to such in ''Against the Day'']]

'''Idiom Neutral''' 
533; an international auxiliary language, published in 1902 by the International Academy of the Universal Language under the leadership of Waldemar Rosenberger, a St. Petersburg engineer; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom_Neutral Wikipedia entry]

'''I.G.L.O.O.''' 
122; Inter-Group Laboratory for Opticomagnetic Observation, a "radiational clearinghouse in Northern Alaska"

'''Illyria''' 
816; Illyria (Albanian Iliria "Land of the Free"; Ancient Greek Ἰλλυρία; Latin Illyricum) was in Classical antiquity a region in the western part of today's Balkan Peninsula, founded by the tribes and clans of Illyrians, an ancient people who spoke the Illyrian languages. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illyria Wikipedia entry];

'''images of creatures''' 
277; The ancient Puebloans of both the Mesa Verde and Chaco centers left numerous images, called petroglyphs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroglyph]. They include figures of humans and other creatures, and of comets and the 1054 supernova now known as the Crab Nebula.

'''''Imbottigliata''''' 
28; Italian = bottled;

'''Imi and Ernö''' 
908; would-be abductors of Dally

'''Imperium of Steam''' 
567; 680;

'''''Imum Coeli''''' 
406; In astrology, the ''Imum Coeli'' (Latin for "bottom of the sky"), IC, is the point in space where the ecliptic crosses the meridian in the north, exactly opposite the Midheaven. It is said to refer to our roots and also to the least conscious part of ourselves. It symbolizes foundations, beginnings in life, what may have been experienced through parental inheritance and homeland influences, need for security and relationships with the home and family life; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imum_Coeli Wikipedia entry]

<div id="inconvenience"></div>'''''Inconvenience, The''''' 
3; Chums of Chance's hydrogen skyship; in ''[[Mason & Dixon]]'' H.M.S. Inconvenience was a ship that [[Fender-Belly Bodine]] once sailed in.

'''Inner American Sea''' 
71;

'''Innocence''' 
87; 148; 151; 153; 203; 219; 223; "Innocent bourgeois lives," 235; ''corrupting youth'', 335; 362; 371; 416; Chums of Chance, 418; 444; 502; mathematicians, 540; "hunger for young bodies" 581; 674;

'''Insh'allah''' 
750; the name Yashmeen signs with in a letter to her father; "learned when and when not to whisper ''Insh'allah''" 760; In šaʾ Allāh (إن شاء الله) is an Arabic term evoked by Arabic speakers to indicate hope for an aforementioned event to occur in the future. The phrase translates into English as "God willing" or "If it is God's will". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insha'Allah Wikipedia]

'''''Interdikt, das''''' 
690; 200-mile phosgene (poison gas) line: "'[Werfner's] plan [...] is insanely to install all across the Peninsula, from a little east of Sofia, here, roughly along the Balkan Range and the Sredna Gora, coincident with the upper border of the former Eastern Roumelia, and continuing on, at last to the Black Sea ''das Interdikt'', as he calls it, two hundred miles long, invisible, waiting for certain unconsidered footfalls and, once triggered, irreversible—pitiless. . . .'"; 946;

'''Interface''' 
53-54;

'''inukshuk''' 
126; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inukshuk Wikipedia entry]

<div id="invert">'''Invert, Jenny'''</div>
866; wife of Ratty McHugh and president of the Inanimate Bird Association chapter; see also [[ATD_864-891#Page_866|p. 866 annotation]].

'''Invisibility''' 
"a sacred condition" 43; desks, 39; hawk, 55; "intervals of" 61; "emerged from" 62; "the pale invisible" 64; of the wind, 75; detectives at Colorado mines, 92; duster, 94; "window into" for Kit Traverse, 99; "...distance" 106; Islands disappearing, 108; fireworks, 112; "imperceptable war" 122; extra man, 125; 127; invisible heckler, 133; Hidden People, 134; 135; 142; 144; 150; 153; 160; 163; Fleetwood, 164; home, 165; 176; Major Arcana, 223; 242; 245; 249; 252; 266; chili's, 289; 327; workers at I.J. & K. Smokefoot, 345-46; in New Orleans, 369; 522; Chums of Chance, 549; Invisiblism, 625; 627; cloak of invisibility, 716; Anarchists' "''greater invisibility''" 976;
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisibility Wikipedia entry]

'''Ipsow, Ray''' 
29; colleague of Professor Heino Vanderjuice of Yale University; in Latin, ''re ipso'' translates to "the thing itself."

'''Ironworkers Union''' 
43; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Bridge%2C_Structural%2C_Ornamental_and_Reinforcing_Iron_Workers Wikipedia entry]

'''Isafjoror''' 
125;

'''Isandhlwana''' 
22; "massacre of British troops at"; On January 22, 1879, Isandlwana was the site of the Battle of Isandlwana, where over 20,000 Zulu warriors defeated a contingent of British soldiers in the first engagement of the Anglo-Zulu War. Almost the entire column of about 1,200 British soldiers was killed, and the regimental colours were lost; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isandhlwana Wikipedia entry]

'''Isola degli Specchi, aka Isle of Mirrors''' 
244; island of mirror-makers in Venice, 569;

'''Isvolsky, Alexander Petrovich (1856-1919)''' 
809; Russian statesman; [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Alexander_Petrovich_Isvolsky 1911 Encyclopedia Brittanica]

'''Italian Troubles''' 
369; in New Orleans

'''Ivanoff, Nikola''' 
963; his "Second Army"; Ivanoff (or Ivanov) commanded Bulgaria's 2nd Army during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Balkan_War Second Balkan War]. The war began when Bulgarian high command, without notifying the government, ordered Bulgarian troops to attack Serbian and Greek positions. Bulgaria hoped to acquire all of Macedonia and dominate the Balkans. The 2nd Army was tasked with an attack towards Greek positions towards Salonika.

'''I Zingari''' 
966; "team of nomads" in cricket; I Zingari (from the Italian for "the Gypsies" - should be "Gli zingari") is an English amateur cricket club which was formed on 4 July 1845 by a group of old Harrovians at a dinner party and thus is one of the oldest cricket clubs still in existence. "Harrovians" are graduates of the Harrow School, (originally: The Free Grammar School of John Lyon; generally: Harrow), one of the world's most famous schools. It is an independent school for boys, located in Harrow on the Hill in the London Borough of Harrow.

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

ATD 119-148

2007-07-16T17:48:07Z

Sonni: /* Page 128 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 121==

'''flying bridge''' 
On an ordinary aquatic ship, the flying bridge is an open deck atop the pilothouse for navigating in good weather. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_bridge [Wikipedia]]

'''to measure and map . . . that mysterious mathematical lattice-work''' 
A big research area in satellite and earth sciences. For example, if you know to utmost accuracy how gravity varies in near-Earth space, you can predict the orbits of satellites used for navigation and positioning (i.e., GPS).

'''"Ray-rush"''' 
Cf contemporary telecom bandwidth auctions. "Ray-rush" as "Gold-rush"

'''here at the high edge of the atmosphere''' 
Odd phrasing that may mark an allusion to the space race a few decades later.

'''obscure feelings of dread''' 
Strange lights in the sky, not accompanied by thunder, are a portent—seldom of anything good on the way.

==Page 122==

'''transfiguration unceasing''' 
Not just continuous change, but specifically changes in the observer's face as the colors and intensities shift.

'''iceblink''' 
Lightening of the underside of clouds over ice. A related phenomenon is "water sky," darkening of clouds over water. [http://nsidc.org/arcticmet/basics/phenomena/water_sky.html Photos of both.]

'''souls bound to the planetary lines of force, swept pole to pole''' 
In ''V,'' Mondaugen was stationed in South Africa to record "sferics" or "whistlers," a form of radio interference due to charged particles traveling along Earth's lines of magnetic force. Here, the planet being hollow, the field may be continuous, north-south on the outside and then south-north on the inside, and the lines may represent some other, nonmagnetic field. Note the link here to the mysterious lattice-work on p. 121 above.

'''manœuvring''' 
British spelling; U.S. ''maneuvering.''

'''dazzle-painting''' 
A camouflage painting technique used on WWI ships.[http://www.gotouring.com/razzledazzle/articles/dazzle.html].

'''intelligence centers on the surface such as the Inter-Group Laboratory for Opticomagnetic Observation (I.G.L.O.O.), a radiational clearing-house in Northern Alaska''' 
Perhaps a reference to the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) site in Gakonka, AK, which is ostensibly engaged in ionospheric research [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haarp (Wikipedia entry)]. Also suggestive of the ECHELON network [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECHELON (Wikipedia entry)], comprising a number of signals intelligence sites, which are capable of intercepting a wide variety of communications signals throughout the world. Also, Pynchon often creates humorous or fanciful acronyms: W.A.S.T.E. (''The Crying of Lot 49''), A.C.H.T.U.N.G. (''Gravity's Rainbow''), etc.

'''Lloyd's of the high spectrum [...] the next fateful Lutine announcement.''' The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutine HMS Lutine] (Lutine translates as "the tease") was a ship commissioned in the French Royal Navy which was later given to the English Royal Navy during the Revolution. In 1799 she sank in the North Sea while blockading Holland; her hold was full of gold. Lloyd's of London, an independent insurance market still known for being willing to assume large insurance risks for the right price, had insured the gold, and paid the claim in full, acquiring nominal ownership of the still-unsalvaged cargo. The ship's bell was recovered in the mid-19th century and hangs to this day in the Underwriting Room at Lloyd's. For many years the the Lutine Bell was struck to announce news of an overdue ship: once if lost, twice if reported safe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd's_of_London#Miscellaneous [Wikipedia]]

'''last eclipse''' 
Possibly Pike's Peak, 1878? [http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEhistory/SEhistory.html (partial table)]

==Page 123==

'''lookout telegraph''' 
Instead of attaching Pugnax's tail directly to a hammer that hits the gong, the gong is struck remotely via a telegraph line.

'''Igor Padzhitnoff''' 
The whole passage that introduces the rival airship captain is a play on Tetris. Igor's surname is similar to that of the creator of Tetris, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexey_Pazhitnov Alexey Pazhitnov]. Also, the captain himself serves "a program of mischief", flies a ship called "The Great Game" and drops "bricks and masonry, always in the four-block fragments which had become his "signature," to fall on and damage targets designated by his superiors."

The term 'Great Game' also refers to the intense geopolitical rivalry between the English and Russian empires over control of Central Asia during the whole of the 19th century [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Game Wikipedia]. The period of this Great Game is thought to have ended in 1907, about the time of the book. The constant appearance of the Russians wherever the Chums go would appear to play on both this and on the coming Cold War conflict. The equation of all of these with Tetris suggests a common theme in all three 'non-violent' conflicts.

'''''Ice Pirates''''' 
This turn of phrase echoes the spoof [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087451/ movie] of camraderie and dangerous "space herpes" that was released in 1984. There's no textual evidence that Pynchon means to refer to the movie, but the satirical humor and outlandish situations presented in the film might be attractive to someone with his sensibilities.

'''Tovarishchi Slutchainyi''' 
Tovarishchi translates as comrades; the literal translation of "Slutchainyi" is "accidental", leading to one possible reading of the phrase being: Chums of Chance. 
The phrase "Tovarishchi Slutchainyi" could also mean someone who is friends, but not intentionally, ie: perhaps people who are conscripted into a situation where they are forced to be communal. (Thanks to Anna Zaytseva for the idiomatic help!) 
A third reading is introduced when the homophonic correspondence between the final two syllables of Slutchainyi and Vice-President Cheney's name is noted. (Erhm, this doesn't work: the Russian word is sloo-CHIE-nee.)
:If the name were ''Tovarishchi Sluchainogo'' instead of as in the text, it would mean "Comrades of the Random," an exact parallel to the Chums.

'''trespassing upon their "sky-space" again''' 
A Soviet and Russian preoccupation, encroachment on their airspace by military or civilian flights.

'''nasal dislocation''' 
'Nose out of joint' = offended, feelings hurt.

==Page 124==

'''Getting jump on me''' 
To put on a comic Russian accent, first thing you do is delete all the articles: ''a, an, the.'' Russian has no articles, and some Russian speakers can't get the frightfully complicated rules for using ours.

'''Na sobrat' ya po nebo!''' 
Randolph says "На собратья по небо." What I believe he means to say is
"Наши собратья по небу" or Nashi sobrat'ya po nebu, meaning "Our brothers/comrades of the sky"—perhaps a ritual greeting between the two groups. 
If aeronauts are like pilots, and they are--see ATD early---they feel and state a solidarity with others who fly. 
It is unlikely that Pynchon would make a mistake (the Russian in GR is correct) but Randolph might err. 
:''Much'' of the Russian in ''GR'' is OK, not all, and somebody erred on page 123 when they made ''sluchainyi'' (singular) modify ''tovarishchi'' (plural).

'''all animals . . . had names—bears, wolves, Siberian tigers''' 
Linguists cite Padzhitnoff's error as their favorite example of a taboo. Some time in the remote past, the name of the bear—derived from an Indo-European word like ''arktos'' or ''rktos''—became unspeakable and was replaced, in Russian, by the euphemism "honey-eater": ''medved'.'' It happened so long ago that speakers of the language think this is the native word. Same in English; ours comes from an old word for "brown."

'''That creature, we did not have name for''' 
Well then, how the hell are we supposed to look it up and post it to the wiki?

==Page 125==
'''a ''roman-feuilleton'' by M. Eugène Sue''' 
A ''roman-feuilleton'' or serial novel. Eugène Sue (the "M." is for Monsieur = Mr.) was a French novelist roughly contemporary to Dumas père, with whom he has been compared. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugène_Sue Wikipedia entry on Eugène Sue] Sue's most famous, which used to be a Modern Library title, is ''The Wandering Jew.''

His largest work, Les Mystères de Paris, is noted for its eventful plots and unique characters. Sue could have been called an early-19th-century Pynchon. Sue explored the underworld, and his work was quite sensational. [http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/s#a1186 Link to his works at Gutenberg]

'''into the Zone of Emergency''' 
Both the text and the theme are reminiscent of Slothrop's passage "into the Zone" in GR

'''red as a cursed ruby representing a third eye in the brow of some idol of the incomprehensible''' 
Seems too random to not be a reference to something...Very possibly; under the name T.Lopsang Rampa an Englishman published a thoroughly discredited spiritual autobiography called The Third Eye. The Third Eye, by Englishman Cyril Hoskin, a fantastic (and popular) tale of Tibetan spirit possession published in 1956; included telepathy and more.

In the 1940 version of "The Thief of Bagdad" the boy thief Abu (played by Sabu) must steal a magical "all-seeing eye" (ruby?) from the brow of a massive golden idol in a remote temple, in order to see - as in a crystal ball - the location of the Princess held in thrall by the evil vizier Jaffar.

:The stolen idol's eye as a literary device goes back at least to 1868, when Wilkie Collins invented the modern detective novel in [http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/seringapatam/other/moonstone.html ''The Moonstone.''] In 1891, London's Savoy Theatre presented a post-Gilbert and Sullivan operetta called [http://math.boisestate.edu/gas/other_savoy/nautch_girl/nautch_review.html ''The Nautch Girl''] using the same gimmick. And a rather maudlin poem by J. Milton Hayes, [http://ingeb.org/songs/theresae.html "The Green Eye of the Little Yellow God"] (written before 1911), gives it a Kiplingesque treatment.

:And the theft of the idol's eye results in blindness, blindness at the heart of the diamond, and so [[ATD_97-118#Page_109|another ''Moonstone'' resonance.]]

The Hindu god of destruction and transformation, Shiva, "is often depicted with a third eye with which he burned Desire (Kāma) to ashes". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva#Attributes_of_Shiva wiki]

'''Isafjörðr''' 
Town in the Westfjords of Iceland. Often spelled as Isafjörður, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ísafjörður Wikipedia]

'''The "extra man" of Arctic myth''' 

In his footnotes to "The Waste Land", T.S. Eliot glosses the lines:

''Who is the third who walks always beside you?'' 
''When I count, there are only you and I together'' 
''But when I look ahead up the white road'' 
''There is always another one walking beside you'' 

with:

"The following lines were stimulated by the account of one of the Antarctic expeditions (I forget which, but I think one of Shackleton's): it was related that the party of explorers, at the extremity of their strength, had the constant delusion that there was one more member than could actually be counted." [http://www.infoplease.com/t/lit/wasteland/thunder.html]

See also [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/shackletonexped/dispatches/19991110.html NOVA Online: Shackleton's Antarctic Odyssey]
"Shackleton, for his part, attributed their astonishing success to something else: 'I know that during that long and racking march of 36 hours over the unnamed mountains and glaciers of South Georgia, it seemed to me often that we were four, not three.' Worsley and Crean, uncannily, felt the same. When T. S. Eliot read Shackleton's account, he was inspired to write the passage at the head of this dispatch."

'''the true face''' 
Possible variant on Taoism's "The Tao that can be spoken of is not the true Tao" [http://catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/T/the-X-that-can-be-Y-is-not-the-true-X.html [cf]] 
Or -- the Zen koan regarding one's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_face Original Face]: "What did your face look like before your parents were born?"

'''bonzoline''' 
Ivory substitute made from celluloid, used for billiard balls. [http://www.oedilf.com/db/Lim.php?Word=bonzoline [cite]]

==Page 126==
'''inukshuk''' 
An inukshuk is a stone landmark used as a milestone or directional marker by the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic. The Arctic Circle, dominated by permafrost, has few natural landmarks and thus the inuksuk was central to navigation across the barren tundra. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inukshuk Wikipedia entry on Inukshuk]

'''a truth beyond the secular''' 
Pynchon's use of the word "secular" is unusual. He previously had the Chums striving "to minimize contamination of the secular" on [[ATD_97-118#Page_113|page 113]], and here the Chums try to glimpse "some expression of a truth beyond the secular." Neither of these statements makes much sense with the normal definitions in use today for "secular"-- what could this mean?
: I think it is likely that secular means quotidian, "of the day", visible, as opposed to the invisible and mysterious which pervades ATD.
:Yes, that is a good extension of the original meaning: of the ages, of an age—as opposed to "eternal."

'''Étienne-Louis Malus''' 
See [[ATD_97-118#Page_114|page 114]].

'''The ''Étienne-Louis Malus''''' 
The level of detail in the description suggests Pynchon wrote it while looking at a photo.

'''Iceland spar''' 
A crystalline form of calcite; see [[ATD_97-118#Page_114|annotations to page 114]] and the fuller entry [[I|under "I" in the alpha index]]. In truth, the links in these wiki entries make [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcite Wikipedia] look lame.

'''Luxembourg Palace''' 
In Paris; now the seat of the French Senate.

'''376 feet, 6 inches''' 
The same length as the WWII-era [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_class_destroyer Fletcher Class Destroyer].

'''to the coasts of "Iceland," to the inhabited cliffs of ice''' 
The quotation marks suggest a place with this nickname, not Iceland. And sure enough, the Icelanders live in unglaciated lowlands, not cliffs in the ice.

'''They passed around rumors--the Captain was insane again, ice-pirates were hunting the ''Malus'' like whalers...''' 
This phrase seems evocative of ''Moby Dick'', not only in the intimation that the Captain might be insane and the rumors that might result, but also with the explicit references to "whalers" in the subsequent clause, "the subtle insanity of Ahab." ''Moby Dick'' of course contains many scenes when two whaling ships come together to exchange messages. Chapter 131, "The Pequod Meets the Delight," features particularly sinister omens. It is safe to say, however, that none of the captains who meets Ahab quite resembles Padzhitnoff or has a "signature" resembling the game of Tetris! Pynchon once again lightly tweaks the "line" linking his body of work to Melville's. ([[ATD_57-80#Page_73|page 73]])

==Page 127==

'''Constance Penhallow''' 
Hallow: to set apart as holy, to honor greatly. Her name then pairs the virtue of constancy with honoring the pen. Note also that her grandson, mentioned a few lines below, is named Hunter and is an artist--In the hunt for the consecrated pen.

Alternatively, the prefix ''pen-'' is Gaelic for ''head, principal,'' or ''chief,'' in which case the name would mean "Holiest." It is also Latin for ''nearly, almost'' (as in "penultimate" or "peninsula"), rendering the name "nearly holy." Given the Nordic origin of the Penhallow family, and the Germanic etymology of "hallow," the Gaelic prefix may be more likely. On the other hand, the Latinate prefix suggests the state of preterition -- not quite holy and perhaps not saved...

I don't see "Nordic" (although their fortune is derived from Nordic commerce). The prefix ''Pen-'' in a surname marks the family as Cornish in origin.

'''another remembered country''' 
The description of the scene suggests England or more specifically Cornwall, but who is remembering it? Constance lives in an "ancestral" home and Hunter apparently has not been away from there. It's an iconic background Hunter has painted into the scene; see the next entry.

'''walled garden''' 
In the Christian iconographic traditions of the Medieval and Renaissance periods, a walled garden, or ''hortus conclusus'' signified both/either the Garden of Eden and/or Mary's virginity.

'''Harald the Ruthless''' 
Harald III Sigurdsson (1015 – September 25, 1066), later surnamed Harald Hardråde (meaning ruthless) was the king of Norway from 1047 until 1066. Harald was the last great Viking king of Norway and his invasion of England and death at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066 proved a true watershed moment. It marked the end of the Viking age. In Norway, Harald's death also marked the beginning of the Christian era. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_III_of_Norway Wikipedia entry on Harald the Ruthless]

'''Ginnungagap''' 
In Norse mythology, Ginnungagap ("seeming emptiness" or "gaping gap") was a vast chasm that existed before the ordering of the world. To the north of Ginnungagap lay the intense cold of Niflheim, to the south the insufferable heat of Muspelheim. At the beginning of time, the two met in the Ginnungagap; and where the heat met the frost, the frost drops melted and formed the substance eitr, which quickened into life in the form of the giant Ymir, the father of all Frost giants. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginnungagap Wikipedia entry on Ginnungagap]

'''inexplicable desire . . . about desire, and the forsaking of desire''' 
When Pynchon uses the word "desire" it always has some special urgency. Harald feels driven to enter Ginnungagap but draws back without fulfilling his desire.

==Page 128==

'''So relates Adam of Bremen in the ''Historia Hammaburgensis Ecclesiæ''''' 
The references to [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Adam_of_Bremen Adam of Bremen] and [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Harald_III Harald the Ruthless] may be "softer" than many appropriations of history in ''AtD.'' Or another way to characterize them may be "bolder." Adam (d. ca. 1085) was a learned churchman who wrote a history called ''Gesta hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum'' (Acts of the Archbishops of the Hamburg Church) or ''Historia ecclesiastica'' (Church History). In the fourth book, ''Descriptio insularum aquilonum'' (Description of the Islands of the North), Adam writes about the expedition mentioned in the text and another voyage to the northern seas.

The indented paragraphs below are based on ''History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen,'' translated by F.J. Tschan from the ''Historia'' and published in 1959 by Columbia University Press. Extracts are paraphrased except where identified by quotation marks.

:From Book IV, chapter xxxix (pp. 219-220 in Tschan): Past [i.e., north of?] Vinland there is no habitable land in the ocean, only impassable ice and darkness. Frozen sea is encountered one day's sail to the north. The Norwegian prince Harald took several ships to explore the northern realm. Finally they saw the murky boundaries of "a failing world." Harald turned around and did not fall into the bottomless pit.

:From the next chapters, IV, xl-xli (220-221 in Tschan): A number of ships sailed from the coast of Frisia, landing in Iceland and then proceeding northward. Reaching the limits of the known islands, they commended their fate to God and St. Willehad and continued into an all-obscuring mist. They were picked up by a current of the "fluctuating" ocean and whirled around a great chasm that sucks in the sea and then vomits it forth again. Some ships were lost but others saved themselves by rowing against the flow. The voyagers came to an island encircled by high cliffs where men lived in underground caves. They collected great treasure of gold and silver that lay in front of the caves, then were chased from the island by giants with enormous hounds. A safe return to Bremen ended the exploration.

What the mariners reported is some medium-scale phenomenon, big enough to seize a ship. It might be a tidal or current vortex. In a footnote to chapter xl, the translator says there is a big whirlpool (the ''Eis'') off the east coast of Greenland. The original Maelstrom (look further down this page) is a zone of current shears and eddies off the west coast of Norway. We might also suspect a violent tidal rush, as in the Bay of Fundy. There are enough candidates out there to promote Adam's version from fabulous to plausible, at any rate.

The key point, however, is that Ginnungagap and Harald's epiphany about desire are ''not'' related by Adam but read/written into his account.

'''water-sky''' 
Darkening of the underside of clouds over water; [http://nsidc.org/arcticmet/basics/phenomena/water_sky.html photos of water-sky and iceblink.]

'''drawn into another, toroidal dispensation''' 
"Dispensation" refers to a scheme under which God carries out his purposes toward men, or to a providential event affecting men and involving either mercy or judgment. [http://www.calvarysbd.com/terms.htm#D Slightly fuller definition.] "Toroidal" means donut-shaped.

A toroidal dispensation then is a scheme of universal management involving a donut shape. A huge whirlpool, in short: a ''maelstrom.''

[http://www.math.uio.no/maelstrom/ ''The'' Maelstrom] is a complicated system of currents and eddies off the coast of Norway, a frightful hazard to navigators that has become an icon for the vortex or whirlpool.

'''Bay of Röerford''' 
Does not seem to exist, at least with this spelling. 
A Google hit seems to confirm that the scientist Rasmus or Erasmus Bartholin studied calcite from the Bay of Roerford or Röerford, possibly in Denmark, but the link leads only to a summary, not full text.

'''southward to that region of sailors' yarns and oddities unconfirmed''' 
Clever inversion. To these people of the north, it's our familiar temperate seas that contain the marvels: porpoises, sargasso weed, year-round harbors.

'''Hunter Penhallow''' 
See above, Constance Penhallow. 
By the way, Penhallow is pronounced in a way that's very close to the italian "pennello" which means "paintbrush": quite appropriate for a painter!

'''lower-eighties''' 
Latitudes from 80N to 85N (mainly Ellesmere Island). [http://www.athropolis.com/map2.htm [map]] 
You would think that, but the text refers to people with "lower-eighties accents," and virtually no scientist comes from these latitudes (to say nothing of alienists). Could it have to do with 80th to 85th Streets? The expedition does appear to sail from New York.

'''love''' 
The word is rare in Pynchon's work. Here it is linked to separation, the human theme of the novel.

==Page 129==

'''shakes''' 
[http://www.houstonremodeling.com/glossary/glossary_s.htm Shingles made by splitting a wood such as cedar along the grain.]

'''Meat Olaf''' 
Anagram.
:As a lesson on the dangers of over-interpretation: I asked a Norwegian friend whether this is truly a Norwegian dish, to which he replied "no," making me feel stupid. [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]]

:It is however the case that a popular Norwegian (and Norwegian-American) dish is lutefisk, an awful concoction unimaginable to those of us who enjoy fresh seafood, which is a sort of "fish loaf." For a funny description of an American attempt to eat it, see [http://www.ecst.csuchico.edu/~atman/ic/lutefisk.html].

'''''¡Cuidado Cabrón! Salsa Explosiva La Original''''' 
Cabrón is an offensive word in Spanish meaning a guy who is an asshole/dick/cuckold, but friends can also call each other Cabrón in a joking manner. So, ''Watch-Out, Fucker! The Original Explosive Sauce''.
:There appears, in "''Explosiva La Original''," to be a suggestion of an originary explosion, i.e. the Big Bang.

==Page 130==

'''separated . . . by only the thinnest of membranes''' 
An excellent book, ''The Mind in the Cave,'' by David Lewis-Williams, explores the idea that the partition between worlds is thick most everywhere but thin in special places, allowing the spiritual journeyer (e.g., the shaman) to make an easy crossing. Superstitions about veils, including [[ATD_119-148#Page_140|human cauls,]] make similar claims about what separates the natural and supernatural worlds. Shifts from one world to another figure at several places in ''AtD''; [[ATD_1-25#Page_9|see for example the dialog on p. 9,]] "Another 'surface,' but an earthly one."

'''until the phrase no longer had meaning''' 
This contributor took part in creating a work of radio conceptual art called ''Knob.'' A reader spoke the word "knob" onto a tape, which was then looped so that it repeated every 3-4 seconds. After a few dozen repetitions, the listener could not associate any meaning with the word; after the full half-hour, few could stand without assistance.

'''the force of a Tibetan prayer wheel''' 
Pynchon is slightly confused here. When spinning a Tibetan prayer wheel, you don't recite any prayers or mantras. The prayer wheel contains rolls of paper imprinted with the Om Mani Padme Hum mantra, but it is believed that the spinning of the wheel has the same effect as reciting that mantra; the more one recites the mantra, the closer one can get to enlightenment. So here, it would be more correct to say something along the lines of "the force of a mantra" rather than a Tibetan prayer wheel, since the characters are reciting the name of the salsa. [http://www.dharma-haven.org/tibetan/prayer-wheel.htm More on Tibetan prayer wheels]

'''Tsangpo-Brahmaputra country''' 
The Yarlung Tsangpo/Brahmaputra river drains a large portion of the eastern Himalaya and southern Tibetan plateau as well as the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, one of the most tectonically active areas of the globe.

'''Candlebrow University''' 
A fictional institute, created in the tradition of Lovecraft's Miskatonic University.

[[image:ex-voti-isernia.jpg|thumb|175px|''Ex Voti'' of Wax, from Isernia|right]]What ''is'' a "candlebrow"? Consider those [[St. Cosmo|phallic ''ex voti'' candles offered up to St. Cosmo]]. The head of the candle-phallus, brow shaped, sits atop the cylindrical candle-shaft and is, metaphorically, the candle's brow. And, natch, Gideon Candlebrow made the bucks necessary to fund Candlebrow U. with the miracle product "Smegmo," the "Messiah of kitchen fats" (Imperial Margarine was advertised as "the King of Margarines") and we all know what [http://www.google.com/search?q=define%3Asmegma&start=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official smegma] is. Also, the Biblical Gideon was associated with Phallus worship which was not considered at all shocking back in the day. When Gideon was asked by the Israelites to rule over them, he demurred stating that Yahveh shall rule over them, and he called on the people for all their golden ornaments, and of these be made the golden ephod (conventionally viewed as a priestly apron; controversially viewed as a phallus). The ephod was thus Yahveh or his idol. [http://kspark.kaist.ac.kr/Old%20Testament/Sex%20Worship%20and%20Idols.htm] [[The Sexual Angle|More on this...]]

Pynchon consistently calls it Candlebrow '''U.''' instead of simply Candlebrow or Candlebrow University because the letter's ''shape'', like the inverted-vagina shape of the Tetractys, echoes its phallic connotation. Pynchon similarly emphasizes the phallic by using "Dick" Counterfly (''with'' the quotes) instead of simply Dick. Hmmm, Ewball / U-ball?

Or, heck, maybe it's just Pynchon's oblique way of saying "fuck you"...

And, of course, this is all connected with how [[St. Cosmo|that Randy St. Cosmo]] got his name...

'''Quaternions''' 
In mathematics, quaternions are a non-commutative extension of complex numbers. They were first described by the Irish mathematician [[ATD-H#hamilton|Sir William Rowan Hamilton]] in 1843 and applied to mechanics in three-dimensional space. At first, quaternions were regarded as pathological, because they disobeyed the commutative law ab = ba. Although they have been superseded in most applications by vectors, they still find uses in both theoretical and applied mathematics, in particular for calculations involving three-dimensional rotations. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternion Wikipedia entry].

'''Dr. V Ganesh Rao''' 
Ganesha is a Hindu god. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesha Wikipedia]:

"It is widely believed that "Wherever there is Ganesha, there is Success and Prosperity" and "Wherever there is Success and Prosperity there is Ganesha". He is the Lord of Obstacles both of a material and spiritual order.[2] He is capable of placing obstacles in the path of those who need to be checked, and can remove blockages just as easily. By calling on him people believe that he will come to their aid and grant them success in their endeavour. He also is considered the master of intellect and wisdom."

'''Fleetwood Vibe''' 
Fleetwood, like Scarsdale, is a wealthy suburb of New York City. Both communities are located in Westchester County, north of New York City.

'''bucket-shop''' 
Business designed to cheat people. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket_shop [Wikipedia]]

'''Dodge Flannelette''' 
Flannelette is a little washcloth. 
Flannelette is a soft fabric popular (in the UK at least) for pyjamas of a cosy but unsexy kind --[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 10:40, 11 February 2007 (PST)
We have already seen one character with a name similar to an American car: Chevrolette. Two actually: The Cadillac Fleetwood.

'''Harriman... Schiff''' 
Railroad magnate and financier behind Northern Pacific Railroad, c1901. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Railroad [Wikipedia]] [http://www.beardbooks.com/beardbooks/eh_harriman.html Book on Harriman] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._H._Harriman Harriman Wikpedia Entry] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Schiff Schiff Wikipedia Entry]

==Page 131==

'''The Transnoctial Discussion Group''' 
Note that "transnoctial" doesn't mean ''through'' the night, it means ''across'' the night. See annotations to the next page for discussion of the members' names.

'''"with oceangoing ships we left flat surfaces and went into Riemann space"''' 
One of Riemann's major contributions was the mathematics of manifolds, geometrical constructs that on a local scale appear to have fewer dimensions than they actually occupy. A standard example is the surface of the earth, which locally appears to be flat (2-dimensional), but in fact is curved (3-dimensional). Riemann's differential geometry quantifies the distortion produced by the curve of the surface.

'''Outer Hebrides''' 
or Western Isles comprise an island chain off the west coast of Scotland. The population today is only 26,370, and there is no University.

==Page 132==

'''it described the present journey as being taken "at right angles to the flow of time"''' 
Fittingly, as the discussion immediately following makes clear, this means into an imaginary time.

'''Vormance . . . Otto Ghloix . . . a heckler''' 
Members of the Transnoctial Discussion Group are Alden Vormance, V. Ganesh Rao, Dodge Flannelette, Fleetwood Vibe, Templeton Blope, Hastings Throyle, Otto Ghloix, and an extra man (heckler).

Without trying to read too much into the names, consider two parallel discussion groups in stories by the science fiction writer R.A. Lafferty, both collected in ''Nine Hundred Grandmothers'' (1970). "Thus We Frustrate Charlemagne" features Gregory Smirnov, Valery Mok, her husband Charles Cogsworth, a person called Glasser, Aloysius Shiplap, Willy McGilly, Audifax O'Hanlon and Diogenes Pontifex. The brilliant "Narrow Valley" brings in "the eminent scientists, Dr. Velikof Vonk, Arpad Arkabaranan and Willy McGilly. That bunch turns up every time you get on a good one." Vonk, Arkabaranan and McGilly are a stable group with many other credits in Lafferty's fiction. These groups share more than just capricious names with the T.D.G.; the members have a hypothesis ready for any observation, and the hypotheses never agree.

'''an ''additional axis'' whose unit is (-1)¹/²''' 
The usual form of representing a complex number ''z = b + ai'', (see below for explanation) graphically is by presenting its real part, ''b'', along the horizontal real axis and its imaginary part, ''a'', on the vertical imaginary (''additional'') axis of a Cartesian coordinate system. For a graph illustion of [http://www-xray.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jgraham/hypo/h13/images/image118.gif z = 1 + 2i].

'''complex number''' 
The complex number is of the form ''b + ai'', where ''a'' and ''b'' are real numbers and ''i'' is defined as the square root of -1, i.e. ''i'' = (-1)¹/². According to the definition, Cf page 133 Imaginary Number, ''ai'' is an imaginary number. Therefore, a complex number is a sum of real and imaginary numbers. Commonly, one use ''z'' to denote the whole expression ''b + ai'', i.e. ''z = b + ai''. And now ''z'' is called a complex number. Besides ''z'', the letter ''w'' is often used to denote complex numbers.

'''complex variable''' 
In mathematics, a 'variable' is a symbolic representation, usually a letter of the English (such as x and y), Greek or Roman alphabet, denoting an 'unkown' quantity which may vary during the course of calculation or investigation. For example, the speed of a jetliner,''v'', flying from Los Angeles to New York varies during the course of its flight. So,''v'' here is a variable. While 'c', the speed of light, unvaried, is a constant. In the algebraic equation y = ax² + bx + c where a, b and c are constants, x and y are ''variables''. When x and y involve complex numbers, then they are called complex variables.

'''''w'' = exp ''z''''' 
Here ''w'' is a complex-valued function of a complex variable; exp ''z''—written ''ez'' in the text—is a generalization of the exponential function to the base ''e''. The expression ''w'' = exp ''z'' gives the relationship of the independent (complex) variable ''z'' to the dependent (complex) variable ''w'', i.e., mapping ''z'' onto ''w''. This relationship may not be one-to-one.

:Mathematicians, please check this: In general, ''w'' = ''ez'' maps a line in the ''z'' plane to a spiral, not a circle, in the ''w'' plane. In the special case of a line parallel to the real axis, the map is either a line or a ray. In the special case of a line parallel to the imaginary axis, the map is indeed a circle. If this assertion is correct, it plays hob with Prof. Rao's metaphor.

The number ''e'' is the base of the natural logarithm, approximately equals to 2.71828. After ''Pi'', ''e'' is the most important
constant in mathematics. See the popular article about the history, definition and 10,000-place value of [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/e.html ''e''].

'''as Fitzgerald maintained, a shrinkage of dimension''' 
Irish physicist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_FitzGerald George FitzGerald] proposed a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length_contraction contraction of length] parallel to the direction of motion, to explain the negative result of the Michelson-Morley experiment. Quantitavely, the contraction is identical with the one predicted later by Einstein's special theory of relativity.

[http://musr.physics.ubc.ca/~jess/p200/str/str.html Here] is a concise and satisfying discussion of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction in the context of late 19th and early 20th-century physics.

==Page 133==

'''a heckler . . . whom nobody . . . seemed quite able to locate''' 
The [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|Extra Man]] has followed the team indoors.

'''Ynglingasaga''' 
See also Ynglinga Saga, or the story of the ancient Norse kings. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynglinga_saga Wikipedia entry]

'''''The Book of Iceland Spar''''', '''commonly described as "like the ''Ynglingasaga'' only different"''' 
" 'Thanatoid' means 'like death, only different.' " (''Vineland'', p. 170)

'''... even of days not yet transpired.''' 
Reminiscent of the Borges short story "The Library of Babel" about an "infinite library" which contains every possible book. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_babel Wikipedia entry].

'''Imaginary Number''' 
Imaginary number is of the form ''ai'', where ''a'' is a real number, and ''i'' is defined such that ''i² = -1'', 
i.e. i = (-1)¹/² (sqare root of minus 1). For example, ''-16¹/²'', (square root of minus 16) is an imaginary number since it can be expressed as ''4i'' by definition. In the novel ''The Da Vinci Code'' (2003), the character Robert Langdon jokes that character Sophie Neveu "believes in the imaginary number ''i'' because it helps her break code". In Issac Asimov's short story ''The Imaginary'' (1942), eccentric psychologist Tan Porus explains the behavior of a mysterious species of squid by using imaginary numbers in the equations which describe its psychology.

==Page 134==

'''that all-important ninety-degree twist to their light, so they can exist alongside our own world but not be seen''' 
Seems to echo Merle Rideout's theory on the "double refraction" of Blinky Morgan and Ed Morley from p.62. 
It's also a reference to the discussion of complex numbers in the previous pages, the implication being that the double refraction due to the Iceland Spar ("ninety-degree twist") puts the "Hidden People" into an imaginary space analogous to the imaginary axis of the space of complex numbers--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 12:55, 11 February 2007 (PST)
It could also be the angle at which light is polarized.

Also, this technique of bending light is similar to the technology The Predator has for a cloaking device. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predator_%28alien%29 Wikipedia]

'''visitors from elsewhere, of non-human aspect''' 
Extraterrestrials, perhaps? "Visitors", in popular culture, is a term sometimes used to describe ETs. The alien race from the television miniseries ''V'' was named The Visitors. In the fictional world of ''South Park'', aliens are referred to as "visitors".

:I'd opt for visitors from another dimension, a spiritual or an imaginary dimension, such as the dimension or axis upon which imaginary numbers reside (see above).
In his 1919 book, The Book of the Damned, Charles Fort uses the term to describe extra-terrestrials.

'''infinitesimal circle''' 
Cf p58. Reference to epsilon neighbourhoods, an essential tool in mathematical proofs.

'''bad ice''' 
Uneven ice formed by pressure, currents and wind in the dynamic Arctic environment

'''a device immediately recognizable yet unnamable''' 
"Device" here means an emblem. Irrelevantly, the rising sun on the Japanese flag is a device in this sense.

'''neutral-density gray''' 
Photography term. A neutral-density filter is designed to reduce the amount of light entering the lens without introducing a colour cast.

'''the sea-green, the ice-green, glass-green sea.''' 
In ''Ulysses'', James Joyce repeatedly describes the "snotgreen sea" (cf. Gabler edition, p. 4), itself an allusion to Homer's evocation of the "wine-dark sea". Cf., also, ATD, p.127: " . . . a green headland, sheer green walls of ice, the greenness nearest the water . . . . " and GR, V131: "the sea, which at sunset tonight shone green and smooth as iron-rich glass". In previous novels, Pynchon's use of color is almost always advised, as N.K. Hayles and M.B. Eiser note in their essay, "Coloring Gravity's Rainbow," in which green is frequently associated with the natural world, uncontaminated by humanity. 
Also, the repetition itself has a Joyceian feel.--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 13:52, 11 February 2007 (PST)
:Who but an artist like Hunter would catalog greens this way?

'''Narvik''' 
is a town in Norway, above the Arctic Circle.

==Page 135==

'''in the offing''' 
Extended meaning: imminent. Originally a ship was said to be in the offing when she was visible from land but not yet (or no longer) in the area of safe anchorage.

'''Mush-It-Away''' 
Takeaway (takeout fast food) for dogsledders.

'''cloudberries''' 
[http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~alice/explorations/churchill/cloudb.htm ''Rubus chamaemorus,''] edible fruit, yellow when ripe, related to raspberries, found growing wild in northern parts. Indigenous peoples may indeed eat them with blubber, but nowadays they also go into preserves and liqueurs.

'''skua eggs any style''' 
The [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9068130/skua skua] is a predatory seabird, ''Catharacta skua.''

For those not familiar with American diner lingo, "any style" means they will be served fried, scrambled, poached or boiled, as you request.

'''Arctic humor''' 
If Narvik's three jokes are Arctic humor, give me the temperate kind any time.

==Page 136==

'''Venice of the Arctic''' 
Many cities have been compared with Venice in Italy, usually due to a high density of waterways (especially inner city canals) and/or maritime trade connections. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_city_nicknames#.27Venice_of_....27 Wikipedia entry on Venice of the X comparisons]

The Venice passage contains two themes that have appeared often in ''Against the Day'' so far: that of doubles (such as Foley Walker and Scarsdale Vibe, Randolph and his Russian counterpart, etc) and that of chance or randomness (the Chums, the meeting of Vibe and Walker, etc).

Also the double versions of the map of Asia, double versions of elements that can be seen when they are viewed with Iceland Spar.

And Pynchon seems to love Venice, a very positive place in one short story

'''multiply-connected spaces''' 
Mathematical expression. In the crassest terms, Venice is multiply connected because some paths from one dry place to another pass through water. Without much risk of a spoiler, [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|see the definition on p. 618.]]

'''Bauer-Grünewald''' 
Famous hotel in Venice.

'''kedgework''' 
A set of pilings used to move a ship by hauling on its mooring or anchoring lines.

==Page 138==

In the period of ATD, museums around the world sought spectacular meteorites, e.g. the Cape York meteorite recovered by Arctic explorer Robert Peary.
[http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/meteorites/what/capeyork.php]

'''From the Journals...''' 
This passage marks the first break in the narration to a first-person style. Pynchon thus briefly adopts the form of an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistolary_novel epistolary novel], a style popular during the period with which ATD is concerned--see for instance ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Dracula]''.

'''Rapture of the North''' 
Coined phrase, after "Rapture of the Deep," a [http://www.deep-six.com/page74.htm nitrogen narcosis] experienced by deep-sea divers.

'''Nesselrode pudding''' 
From ''The Penguin Book of Food and Drink'', ed. Paul Levy: 
"An iced pudding flavoured with chestnuts and dried fruit was invented by Monsieur Mony, chef for many years to the Russian diplomat, Count Nesselrode, in Paris [...] Glacé fruit and peel were a further embellishment to the Nesselrode by the time Proust was old enough to notice such things.

==Page 139==

'''scarcely enough of us to handle the lines''' 
Compare Darby's singlehanded feat, [[ATD_1-25#Page_14|annotations to p. 14.]]

'''Dr. Counterfly... bearded''' 
Last seen as a boy with low rank. Six years have elapsed, 1893-1899.

'''lenses proved to be...Nicol prisms''' 
A Nicol Prism is a device to produce polarized light. It is made from a crystal of calcite (Iceland spar), which is cut along a precisely determined plane and then cemented back together with Canada balsam. A picture can be found [http://web.grinnell.edu/physics/PMuseum/Nicol%20Prisms.html here], detailed diagrams of Nicol and other polarizing prisms are availabe [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/polpri.html here].

:Glasses like the ones described here are used for viewing 3-D movies.

'''''nunatak''''' 
A nunatak (plural: nunataks) is a mountain top that is not covered by land ice (see glaciation and ice age), and protrudes out of a surrounding glacier. The wildlife on a nunatak can be isolated by the glacier, just like an island is in the ocean. Nunataks are generally angular and jagged because of freeze-thaw weathering, and can be seen to contrast strongly with the softer contours of the glacially eroded land below if the glacier retreats. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunatak [Wikipedia]]

Pynchon's translation, "land connected" would seem to be at 180 degrees to Wikipedia's "lonely peak" (which is supported by Bates & Jackson, ''Glossary of Geology,'' 2nd ed.). Which is correct?

Perhaps "land connected" because it is a connection to the land beneath the glacier? --[[User:Kirkm|Kirkm]] 13:09, 19 February 2007 (PST)

==Page 140==

'''an ark . . . and life resume its dominion''' 
Ecologists use the word [http://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/SNT/noframe/zy198.htm#R ''refugium''] (plural ''refugia'') for an area protected from drastic changes in the surrounding region and preserving species and communities in just the way described in the text.

'''overhead . . . bulkheads''' 
And on p. 144 '''purchase . . . hawser . . . strand . . . starboard quarter''' 
Fleetwood either has a nautical background or is using these terms (for ceiling; walls; strong point of attachment; very heavy rope product; unravel; and behind and on the right side) in order to sound like an old salt.

'''sensitive-flames''' 
The term has a specific technical meaning: [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Sensitive+flame External link]

'''a large brass speaking-trumpet''' 
Somewhat reminiscent of the ubiquitous W.A.S.T.E. symbolism in ''The Crying of Lot 49''.

[[image:Breguethands.jpg|thumb|Breguet hands|right]]'''Breguet-style arrowheads''' 
A distinctive fine watch of French design, usually with open circles ('moons') near the ends of the hands. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breguet_(watch) Wikipedia entry]

'''Poulsen's Telegraphone''' 
Invented in 1898, the first magnetic recording machine was patented by Valdemar Poulsen. The theory behind this machine was worked out theoretically by Oberlin Smith of the UK in 1888. Poulsen's machine recorded by passing a thin wire across an electromagnet. Each minute section of the wire would retain its electromagnetic charge, thus recording the sound. Sound could be both recorded and played back. Unfortunately, because the machine's output wasn't very loud and there was no way to amplify the signal, the Telegraphone was not much of a success. [http://www.wou.edu/las/creativearts/music/MUS%20206%20Text.pdf External link]

'''a human caul''' 
caul (Latin: Caput galeatum, literally, "head helmet") is a thin, filmy membrane, the remnants of the amniotic sac, that covers or partly covers the newborn mammal immediately after birth. It is also the membrane enclosing the paunch of mammals, particularly as in pork and mutton butchery. In butchery, the caul is used as offal. A third meaning refers to a type of women's headdress.

To be "born with a caul" is meant to indicate a great future. The superstition attached to birth cauls has figured into numerous works of fiction, including ''David Copperfield,'' Stephen King's ''The Shining'' (wherein the child Danny Torrance, born with a caul, is possessed with the eponymous supernatural power), and Alan Moore's short graphic novel, ''The Birth Caul''.

Caul births are rare. Two [http://doctorpotato.blogdrive.com/archive/32.html superstitions linked to them] are (1) that possession of a human caul (preferably one's own, but not necessarily) protects one against drowning and, by extension, protects one's ship against being wrecked; (2) that the child born in a caul will have second sight, the thinness of the membrane signifying the closeness of the natural and supernatural worlds. Midwives sometimes abstracted and sold cauls.

==Page 141==

'''''camera lucida''''' 
A drawing aid sometimes used with an optical instrument; it is worthwhile to read the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lucida Wikipedia entry] in order to understand what's going on here.

'''misfortunes of certain Egyptologists''' 
Possibly a reference to the curse supposed to be attendant on the tomb of Tutankhamen, and upon which the death of George Herbert, who financed the expedition, was blamed. The tomb was breached in Feb 1923, though, and that seems later than this episode, so it may just be a reference to general myth. [http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/curse.htm [history]]

'''odalisque of the snows''' 
An odalisque was a virgin female slave who tended to the harem of the Turkish sultan. Numerous paintings of the 19th century portrayed them as reclining beauties. The most famous of these is Ingres' ''La grande odalisque'' (1814):

[[Image:odalisque.jpg|300px|center]]

'''mongoloid features''' 
Perhaps a reference to images of the Buddha, in which he is often seen reclining?

'''Tolkien?''' 
From FleetwoodVibe's journal of the Vormance expedition where his crew and the ChumsOfChance are assembled in the Inconvenience, observing the "''nunatak''" through some strange instrument (p141):

"...we were bound in a common terror of that moment at which it might ''become aware of our interest'' and smoothly pivot its awful head to stare us full in the face"

Startlingly, this is highly reminiscent of more than one passage in Lord of the Rings where transfixed good guys observe Sauron or his lair through a crystal ball, in terror of attracting his attention

:Reminiscent, yes, but not concrete enough to be interpreted as intentional, IMO. [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]]

==Page 142==

'''Eddas''' 
Refers to the Old Norse Poetic Edda and Prose Edda, both of which were written down in Iceland during the 13th century, although some of the poems included in them may be centuries older.

'''which of us . . . had not performed''' 
Using the subjunctive mood, not the past perfect tense. A writer of today might say, "which of us . . . would not have performed."

'''we intrepid innocents . . . destiny.''' 
This Vormance expedition calls to mind the 2004 film [http://imdb.com/title/tt0370263/ AVP: Alien Vs. Predator], in which an exploratory expedition funded by nefarious corporate elements discovers an ancient polar pyramid which they descend into, getting more than they bargain for in the process. Good stupid camp. See p. 134 in regards to Predator's cloaking device.

'''scentless snow walls''' 
An interesting literary parallel: Richard Powers' novel ''Gain'' (1998) tells of a botanist who sails with the first U.S. Antarctic expedition:
<blockquote>A scent wafted upon him, a redolence for all the world like the smell of a forgotten existence. . . . the thing he smelled, out on the ice, was the sachet of scentlessness: air before the employment of lungs.</blockquote>
Congress, it's revealed, has funded the journey in hopes of discovering Symmes' Hole in the southern continent. The scientist belongs to a candle- and soap-manufacturing family that makes a fortune, establishes a conglomerate, invents a cooking fat substitute, exhibits at the 1893 Columbian World's Exposition in Chicago, endows a college, and extends the benefits of industrial society (cleanliness, Americanism and cancer clusters) throughout the world.

The name of the family and the company is Clare, but plainly there are several parallels to the Candlebrow saga. Scroll back to the annotations on p. 130, or (risking spoilers) [[ATD_397-428#Page_405|jump ahead to the annotations on p. 405]] and succeeding pages.

==Page 143==

'''Tungus''' 
Old name for the Siberian language Evenki; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungusic_languages see Wikipedia.]

'''bilocation''' 
Doubtless to be an important concept in the novel, judging by the title of Part Three. Latin bis, twice, and locatio, place. Bilocation is as Pynchon explains, the ostensibly supernatural act of appearing or being in two or more locations simultaneously. Bilocation is claimed to have been experienced, and even practiced at will, by mystics, ecstatics, saints, monks, and magical adepts. Notably, Icelandic sagas also speak of warriors who were able to fall into a trance and appear thousands of miles away in battle. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilocation Wikipedia on bilocation] Is also obviously related to the physical properties of Iceland Spar.

'''Arctic hysteria . . . Northern melancholia''' 
We have three "scientifically" named psychological disorders: Rapture of the North (scroll back to annotations on p. 138), Arctic hysteria and Northern melancholia. Whatever happens, Ghloix will claim he predicted it.

If it's psychological disorders we are talking about, why not include Narvik's "Arctic humor" (p. 135)?

'''Christian Time''' 
That is, linear time, a concept first introduced by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo St. Augustine of Hippo] (354-430), in his autobiographical [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/augustine/confessions/confessions.html ''Confessions'']. Augustine argued that the inevitability and singularity of Christ's return demanded that all history must be viewed as a linear progression toward the apocalypse and the ascendancy of Christ on Earth, after which time would effectively stop, an event described as the "End of Days." From this decidedly deterministic view of time, Augustine derived his doctrine of predestination, that is, of a world in which each soul, even as it is born, is already pre-defined as saved or unsaved. While the Catholic Church would eventually reject this doctrine, the protestant reformer and theologian John Calvin resurrected it, and it became an important part of Calvinist theology, notably as practiced by the Puritans.

==Page 144==

'''"we measured, and remeasured, and each time the dimensions kept coming out different - not just slightly so but drastically."''' 
Cf. Mark Danielewski's debut novel ''House Of Leaves'' (2000), where a house interior dimensions keep changing, while the exterior remains unaltered. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_leaves Wikipedia entry]

Compare ''Mason & Dixon'' wherein the interiors of a coach (and one house, at least?) is more spacious than the measured dimensions.

'''"its gaze had remained directed solely, personally, to each of us, no matter where we stood or moved."''' 
Supposedly a standard feature of the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church portrait-icons.

Also brings to mind [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_lisa Mona Lisa]
:[http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/eyefolow.htm Here is a scientific account] (though less coherent than we might like) of how the artist makes the subject of a painting seem to be looking at the viewer. It's very simple: paint the eyes looking along a line perpendicular to the canvas. But what's described in the text here is a little different and may be related to a phenomenon in public speaking: If the speaker makes eye contact with a few people in the audience, even skipping randomly around the house, ''many'' will report "He was looking directly at me!"

'''misplaced moon''' 
The moon simile is not far-fetched; ''Inconvenience'' viewed head-on must have looked quite moonlike.

'''something, down there, below our feet... where it lay patient and thawing, was terribly, and soon to be more terribly, amiss.''' 
This is all extremely Lovecraftian, and especially brings to mind Lovecraft's story, "At The Mountains Of Madness". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_the_Mountains_of_Madness Wikipedia]

'''Returned to harbor at last''' 
Not in Iceland but in the city from where the expedition first sailed.

'''impersonal momenta of the Commercial''' 
Momentum (plural momenta) must be a metaphor for the constant buzz of commerce; in physics, of course, the word means a well-defined quantity of motion, but that does not seem to fit here.

==Page 145==

'''upstate security of Matteawan''' 
I.e., committed to the Matteawan Asylum at Fishkill, N.Y. Does this leave any doubt as to the name of the great city?

[[image:Evangelion.jpg|right|175px|thumb|The apocalyptic giant of light unearthed in the Arctic in Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'''the man-shaped light shall not deliver you''' 
Reminiscent of the famous Japanese anime ''Neon Genesis Evangelion'' (1994-95), in which mankind unearths a mysterious creature from the Arctic ice that appears as a man-shaped giant of light, gets out of man's control and triggers an apocalypse. Probably not an intentional reference, but if Pynchon plays Tetris, who knows? 
:-sinister variant of GR's Kirghiz Light? Those who see the Light find their words dismissed "as the meaningless sounds of a baby" (GR 358) just as witnesses to ATD's light are sent to the sanitorium. Note also the line's similarity to the Aqyn's warning from GR: "And the Light will never find you." (359)

c.f. the man-shaped light on 153

'''those starfish corridors where they suffer…''' 
“they” are the witnesses who heard the Figure speak. Pynchon here refers to the radial structure of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham Jeremy Bentham’s] designs for his [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panopticon panopticon], a penal/containment facility wherein many individuals can be observed from a central unit, giving the illusion of constant surveillance. The witnesses in “the upstate security of Matteawan” appear to be detained in just such a facility.
:That unfortunately doesn't hold up. The panopticon doesn't have radiating corridors, as the floor plan in the Wikipedia article (link above) shows. And Matteawan was not built to the panopticon design anyway; it was an accretion of fairly conventional rectangular structures. [http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/docs2day/fishkill.html Here is an aerial view] of Matteawan at a time later than the action; [http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/loaded.html this web page] has exterior and interior views; the asylum was even pictured on [http://www.rootsweb.com/~asylums/matteawan_ny/index.html colored postcards.] The direct reference of "starfish" is probably to long wings running in scattered directions.

Through the use of the word “starfish” the narrator further invokes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovecraft H. P. Lovecraft’s] novel [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_the_Mountains_of_Madness ''At The Mountains of Madness''], wherein starfish- and star-shaped patterns abound in the culture and physiology of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Things Elder Ones].

==Page 146==

'''lines''' 
The description of the single-file line at the train station basically describes current security conditions at American airports.
A single line (i.e. linear thinking) does not seem to be a 'positive' in the Pynchon world. (See too the slaughterhouse on page 10.)

'''Explorers' Club''' 
Apparently in South Africa (the famous NYC one wasn't founded until 1904).
:In Washington, D.C. ("the District"), though this doesn't help with the timing since the D.C. chapter wasn't formed till 1924. But "in Africa," "out there" and the word "British" in referring to the poet laureate—these all rule out Africa as the site.

'''Dr. Jim's little adventure''' 
A reference to the so-called "Jameson Raid" spearheaded by Dr. L. S. Jameson. The raid was intended to trigger an uprising among the British expatriate workers (the Uitlanders) in the Transvaal, but failed, and instead served to further destabilize the region and catalyze the Second Boer War. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jameson_Raid Wikipedia entry] (From Wikipedia: “The Jameson Raid (December 29, 1895 - January 2, 1896) was a raid on Paul Kruger's Transvaal Republic carried out by Leander Starr Jameson and his Rhodesian and Bechuanaland policemen over the New Year weekend of 1895-96. It was intended to trigger an uprising by the primarily British expatriate workers (known as Uitlanders) in the Transvaal but failed to do so. The raid was ineffective and no uprising took place, but it did much to bring about the Second Boer War and the Second Matabele War.”)

'''"War any moment"''' 
The Second Boer War started in October 1899. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War [Wikipedia]]

'''Rand shares''' 
Not the currency, but rather the gold fields near Johannesburg. The following page confirms this: "In the Rand, some of the shafts go down four thousand feet."

'''the British poet-laureate’s commemorative verse''' 
Reference to Alfred Austin. From Wikipedia: “As poet-laureate, his topical verses did not escape negative criticism; a hasty poem written in praise of the Jameson Raid in 1896 being a notable instance.” [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Austin Wikipedia entry]

The questionable rhyme referred to is from that “hasty poem” --

::They went across the veldt,
::As hard as they could pelt.

==Page 147==

'''Borchardt''' 
[[image:borchardt.jpg|thumb|200px|Borchardt pistol|right]]1894 forerunner of Luger.

'''Nansen''' 
Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (1861-1930) was a Norwegian explorer, scientist and diplomat. Nansen was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922 for his work as a League of Nations High Commissioner. In 1893, he sailed to the Arctic in a ship which was deliberately allowed to drift north through the sea ice, a journey that took more than three years. During this first crossing of the Arctic Ocean the expedition became the first to discover the existence of a deep polar basin. When, after more than one year in the ice it became apparent that the ship would not reach the North Pole, Nansen continued north on foot and, in April 1895, reached 86° 14´ N, the highest latitude then attained. The two men were forced to spend the winter, surviving on walrus blubber and polar bear meat. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen Wikipedia entry on Nansen] Cf. p. 138.

'''Suppose it were to happen to us . . . an innocence they knew how to circumvent''' 
"Art" is supposed, among other things, to help us interpret our world. This passage is Art as brilliant and hardnosed as anything Goya or Picasso or Shostakovich ever created. Just one man's opinion. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:19, 5 February 2007 (PST)

This passage, "use humans for similar purposes", ie, for food, recalls the classic Twilight Zone episode, To Serve Man, as well as the movie Soylent Green.

==Page 148==

'''"Evolution. Ape evolves to man, well, what's the next step - human to what? Some ''compound organism'', the American Corporation, for instance"''' 
Cf. the following excerpt from William Gibson's 1981 short story "New Rose Hotel":

:Imagine an alien, Fox once said, who's come here to identify the planet's dominant form of intelligence. The alien has a look, then chooses. What do you think he picks? I probably shrugged.
:The zaibatsus, Fox said, the multinationals. The blood of a zaibatsu is information, not people. The structure is independent of the individual lives that comprise it. Corporation as life form.

'''the American Corporation, for instance, in which even the Supreme Court has recognized legal personhood ''' 
Refers to Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company (1886), during which Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite announced: "The court does not wish to hear argument on the question whether the provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which forbids a State to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, applies to these corporations. We are all of the opinion that it does." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Clara_County_v._Southern_Pacific_Railroad Wikipedia entry] Corporations are routinely recognized as "persons" in the law nowadays. For more on the recognition of corporation as legal persons, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_personhood Wikipedia entry on corporate personhood]. A recent documentary film, ''The Corporation'' (2003), tried to make the case that if a corporation is a "person," it has the personality of a psychopath.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}