Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

G

2007-08-28T13:01:03Z

Phidre:

'''Gabika''' 
803; works in dress shop with Yashmeen;

'''Gabrovo Slim''' 
845; "noodle-thin and mournful Bulgarian"; at wedding, 947;

'''Gage, Lyman Judson (1836-1927)''' 
307; "that old Gold Standard hand and bank president"; Gage was president of the First National Bank of Chicago; in 1892, he was chosen president of the board of directors of the World's Columbian Exposition, the successful financing of which was due more to him than to any other man. As Secretary of the Treasury under President Grover Cleveland, Gage was influential in securing passage of the Gold Standard Act of March 14, 1900, which reestablished a currency backed solely by gold; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman_J._Gage Wikipedia entry]

'''Galandronome''' 
374; a type of bassoon developed by French instrument maker Galander in the mid-19th century;

'''Galois, Evariste''' 
601;

'''Gallows Frame''' 
"Gallows Frame Saloon," in Telluride, 302; "broken gallow-frames," 391;
:The Gallows Frame is the structural frame, usually made of steel or timber, at the top of an underground mine shaft. These frames hold the hoisting equipment which raise and lower equipment and miners into the underground mine.

'''Gamomania''' 
432; "the abnormal desire to be married"

[[image:balloons-paris.jpg|thumb|Garçons de '71|right]]'''Garçons de '71''' 
19; French: The Boys of '71; annual convention in Paris, 1083; During the Siege of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871, balloons were manufactured within railroad stations in Paris. The balloons were used to get mail and passengers out of Paris. [[Garçons de '71|Read on...]]

'''Gas Office''' 
607

'''Gaspereaux, Stilton''' 
436; civilian passenger on ''Saksaul''; in London, 445;

'''Gatlin, Reverend Moss''' 
49; Anarchist preacher; "we are Stripes and Solids on the pool table of earthly existence" 86; The New York Times, commenting on the Haymarket Square riots in Chicago in 1886, offered the following solution to the anarchist threat, “In the early stages of an acute outbreak of anarchy a Gatling gun, or if the case be severe, two, is the sovereign remedy"; in Denver with his "Anarchist Heaven" car, 465; at tent city in Ludlow, Colorado, 1009;

'''Gatling''' 
754; The Gatling gun is a gunpowder field weapon invented in the 1860s which used multiple rotating barrels turned by a hand crank. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatling_gun Wikipedia]

[[image:Gauss-Weber_Statue.jpg|thumb|Gauss & Weber Statue]]'''Gauss''' 
498; 588; statue of Gauss and Weber, 594;

'''gaver du visage''' 
225; French for something like "stuff your face", appropriately enough for a "form of gluttony"

'''Geheimrat''' 
603; title of the highest officials of a German royal or principal court. It has its roots in 17th century Europe when governmental administration was established. The English language equivalent is Privy Councillor. The title disappeared after the destruction of the German Empire in 1918, when the various royal courts in Germany were replaced by the Weimar Republic.

'''gematria''' 
799; Gematria (Heb. גימטריה, from the Greek γεωμετρία) is numerology of the Hebrew language and Hebrew alphabet, and is used by its proponents to derive meaning or relative relationship. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gematria Wikipedia]

'''Gennady''' 
780; "the ''umnik'' of [Padzy's] crew";

'''Gennaro''' 
846: an Exarch; bartender at the L'Espagnol Clignant in Nice; an Exarch, according to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exarch Wikipedia]: "In the Eastern Christian Churches (Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic), the term exarch has two distinct uses: the deputy of a patriarch, or a bishop who holds authority over other bishops without being a patriarch (thus, a position between that of patriarch and metropolitan); or, a bishop appointed over a group of the faithful not yet large enough or organized enough to be constituted an eparchy/diocese (thus the equivalent of a vicar apostolic)."

'''Gentleman Bomber of Headingly''' 
236; cricket-ball bombs; 241; 605; 690; spotted at Fenner's cricket ground, 691;
:Possibly a nod to "The Girl Who Was Death," a particularly hallucinogenic episode of the late 60s cult TV series, ''The Prisoner'', which begins with a cricket-playing colonel being blown up by a cricket ball bomb.

'''Gerasimoff, Dr. (Ofitser Nauchny)''' 
258; Chick Counterfly's "opposite number"; w/Padzy, 780;

'''Gerhardt''' 
517; Austrian Chief Stoker aboard ''Stupendica'', ''Herr Hauptheitzer''; in Swiss Alps, drilling, 655;

'''German Sea, The''' 
489; 504;

'''Geronimo''' 
195;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo Wikipedia entry]

'''Gevaert, Edouard''' 
558; sells Q-98 to Woevre; "unworldly go-between," 559; [[Q-weapon and Photography|Connections...]]

[[image:dirhan.jpg|thumb|Afghani dirham|right]]'''Ghaznivid Empire''' 
596; Sunni Muslim state in Khorasan in modern day Afghanistan that existed from 962 to 1187. It was created by Alp Tigin, a former Turkic slave general, with the city Ghazna (Ghazni) as capital, replacing the ruling Samanids; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavid_Empire Wikipedia entry]

'''Ghloix, Dr. Otto''' 
132; "Expedition alienist"; "psychomedical officer" 143; visiting alienist from Switzerland, 686; Lew's alienist, 1041 (originally a 19th century term for a psychiatrist, the term "alientist" is still used in psychiatric hospitals to describe those mental health professionals who evaluate defendants to determine their competency to stand trial.);

'''Ghosts''' 
132; Icelanders long tradition of, 133; "bad ice, blizzards, malevolent ghosts," 151; 218; Victoria's "ghostly stand-in," 231; "ghost-light," 306; 373; 375; "haunted," 384;

'''Giambolognese, Signora''' 
865; Venetian resident at ''pensione'' in Santa Croce;

'''Giant-Wheel''' 
699; The Giant Wheel in the Prater is an important Viennese landmark, providing a view over the city. The wheel was the brain child of Gabor Steiner (1858-1944) and was built in 1896 by the English engineer Walter B. Basset, who produced similar designs in London and Paris. It was erected in the record time of eight months and was operated for the first time on June 21 1897; [http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm More on this website]

'''Gibbs, Professor Willard''' 
29; 158; 318-19; 532-3; 793; Gibbsian, 526; 532; Josiah Willard Gibbs was arguably the greatest American scientist of the 19th century, bringing the power of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics to what had been cookbook and rule-of-thumb chemistry. He demonstrated and extended the value of modeling in "phase space," a graph in which each physical state of a system is represented by a point representing pressure, volume, temperature, etc. ("water in all its phases," 368)
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Gibbs Wikipedia entry]

'''Gibson Girls''' 
409; The Gibson Girl was the personification of the feminine ideal as portrayed in the satirical pen and ink illustrated stories created by illustrator Charles Dana Gibson during over 15 years spanning the late nineteenth and early twentieth century; 512; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibson_Girl Wikipedia entry]

'''''Gift to Young Housewives, A''''' 
754; cookbook by Russian Yelena Ivanovna (aka Elena N.) Molokhovets; Banned in Molokhovets's native country since the Russian Revolution, this gastronomic standard for pre-Revolutionary upper- and middle-class Russian households contains recipes for such old standards as cabbage with butter and crumbs, potato pudding, Beef Stroganov, babas, piroq, and pashka. Little is known about Molokhovets' life. Born in 1831 into a military family in the far northern city of Arkhangelsk, she received a good education at a school run by the Imperial Educational Society for Noble Girls. With her husband, an architect, she had ten children. He seems to have been an enlightened spouse who was supportive of her writing. Molokhovets' old age coincided with the turmoil surrounding the 1917 Russian Revolution. She died in St. Petersburg in 1918. Her cookbook, however, lives on. A Gift to Young Housewives went through 29 editions before being deemed too bourgeois for publication under the Soviet regime.

'''Gigg, Jack''' 
99; Kit Traverse's sidekick

'''Gilmore, Mr.''' 
187; conductor in New Mexico

'''Ginger''' 
1076; Stray's daughter

'''Ginnungagap''' 
127; "the lightless abyss"; Ginnungagap ("seeming emptiness"), in the cosmology of Norse mythology, is the primordial void separating Niflheim and Muspell, the land of eternal ice and snow and the land of eternal heat and flame; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginnungagap Wikipedia entry]

'''Girtonian''' 
492; 498; Of or pertaining to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girton_College%2C_Cambridge Girton College].

'''Giuseppina''' 
246; waitress at ''Osteria'' in San Polo

'''Glagolitic''' 
252; The Glagolitic alphabet was invented during the 9th century by the missionaries St Cyril (827-869 AD) and St Methodius (826-885 AD) in order to translate the bible and other religious works into the language of the Great Moravia region. They probably modelled Glagolitic on a cursive form of the Greek alphabet, and based their translations on a Slavic dialect of the Thessalonika area, which formed the basis of the literary standard known as Old Church Slavonic; 799; [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/glagolitic.htm More from this website]

'''God''' "
87; "God's ledger; "God-possesed fugitives," 127; "God dwells in His Heavenly City," 131; rocks as "post-godhead" 209; under God's wing, 211; ''shin'', 237; 534;

'''Gold Standard''' 
89; The "gold standard" is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is a fixed weight of gold; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_standard Wikipedia entry]

'''Golden Age''' 
561;

'''Gomez, Che''' 
987; "mayor and ''jefe politico'' of Juchitán"

'''Gomez, Eusebio''' 
373; "acting as a subagent" in Mexico, 640; aka Wolfe Tone O'Reilly, 641;

'''Gonzales, General''' 
985; his suicide after Frank Traverse's ''máquina loca'';

'''Gordon, Charles George (1833-1885)''' 
240; known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British army officer and administrator. He is remembered for his exploits in China and northern Africa. Gordon was killed in Khartoum while defending it against the uprising led by Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed who decapitated Gordon and displayed his head on a spear; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_George_Gordon Wikipedia entry]

'''Göttingen''' 
226; Werfner at Göttingen; 594; during war with Prussia

'''Gottlob''' 
588; at Göttingen;

'''Grace'''
42; 70; 213; 374; Angela Grace, 399-402; and anti-Grace, 895;

'''Grace, Angela''' 
399-402; songstress at Lollypop Lounge who's "ten summers old";

'''Grace, Dr.''' 
577; appeared to Hunter in a dream, "the mass-grave-to-be of Europe";

'''Gradenigo, Doge Pietro''' 
247; 880;

<div id="grandcohen">'''Grand Cohen'''</div>
499; A cohen, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen Kohen], is a member of the Jewish priestly class; 720;

'''Grand Guignol''' 
1066; The Grand Guignol (pronounced [gʁɑ̃ giɲɔl]) was a theatre (Le Théâtre du Grand-Guignol) in the Pigalle area of Paris (at 20 bis, rue Chaptal), which, from its opening in 1897 to its closing in 1962, specialized in naturalistic horror shows. The name is often used as a general term for graphic, amoral horror entertainment. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Guignol Wikipedia]

'''Grand Hotel de la Nouvelle Digue''' 
526; in Ostend, Belgium; 531;

'''Granitza''' 
326; small town "above Adriatic Coast in the Velebit range"

'''grapnel''' 
13; a tool consisting of several hooks for grasping and holding; often thrown with a rope

'''Grassmann, Hermann (1809-1877)''' 
324; German polymath, renowned in his day as a linguist and now admired as a mathematician. He was also a physicist, neohumanist, all-round scholar, and publisher; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_grassmann Wikipedia entry]; Grassmann's 1862 ''Ausdehnungslehre'' (literally, "Theory of Extension") is one of the great mathematical works of the nineteenth century. In it the foundations of linear and multilinear algebra are laid and much of the superstructure too is constructed. It is regrettable that such a book on such a subject should, from the moment of publication, have been not much read. Indeed, Grassmann's reputation for impenetrability has persisted to this day; 535; [http://www.maths.utas.edu.au/People/dfs/Papers/GrassmannTranslation/node3.html More about ''Ausdehnungslehre'' here]

<div id="gravity">'''Gravity'''</div>
"The soles of Lew's feet began to ache, as if wanting to be taken all the way to the center of the Earth," 41; "a secret imperative, like the force of gravity," 80; Time vulnerable to, 457;

'''Great Airships of 1896 and '7''' 
454; On November 17, 1896 in Sacramento, California, there appeared, on a rainy night, a bright light. It moved slowly west appearing to be about a thousand feet above the rooftops. Hundreds of people saw the light including George Scott, an assistant to the Secretary of State of California. Scott persuaded some friends to join him on the observation deck above the capitol dome and from there they thought they could see three lights, not one. Above the lights was a dark, oblong shape. In 1897 there were many sightings of great airships from California to
Texas, however the airplane would not be invented for another 6 years,
and neither had large dirigibles or blimps yet been flown. In Aurora,
Texas one such ship supposedly crashed into a windmill or tower and exploded. [http://ufocasebook.com/Aurora.html Read more about the 1897 incident] and [http://www.unmuseum.org/airship.htm the Mysterious Airship of 1896]

'''Great Game''' 
"BOL'SHAIA IGRA, or, The Great Game,'" 123; 227; reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling Kipling's] novel ''Kim'', 756; 772;

:The Great Game, a term usually attributed to Arthur Conolly, was used to describe the rivalry and strategic conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia. The term was later popularized by British novelist Rudyard Kipling in his work ''Kim''. The classic Great Game period is generally regarded as running from approximately 1813 to the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907. Following the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 a second, less intensive phase followed. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Game Wikipedia]

The Wikipedia article has a very interesting section titled "The Great Game Renewed"
:With the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the Cold War, the United States displaced Britain as the global power, asserting its influence in the Middle East in pursuit of oil, containment of the Soviet Union, and access to other resources. This period is sometimes referred to as "The New Great Game" by commentators, and there are references in the military, security and diplomatic communities to "The Great Game" as an analogy or framework for events involving India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and more recently, the post-Soviet republics of Central Asia.
Obviously, we should add Iraq to that list. The parallels are obvious, as is the failure to learn from history or past mistakes.

'''Great Wife Bazaar of the World-Island''' 
432;

'''Gretchen''' 
640; Günther's date at Steve/Ramón's ("the restless Valkyrie")

'''Grey''' 
809; politician

'''Grimsford, Wes''' 
211; marshal of Jeshimon

'''Griswold, Uncle''' 
497; Cyprian's corrupting sodomite uncle

'''Grossmith, George''' 
494; at Cambridge

'''groundhogs''' 
1021; aka people

'''growler''' 
226; An old-fashioned siren, the kind that takes awhile to start. By extension, a police car carrying such a siren.

'''Groznyi''' 
441;

'''Grundy, Mrs.''' 
400; Mrs Grundy is the personification of the tyranny of conventional propriety (from Thomas Morton's play ''Speed the Plough'', which appeared in 1798), a person who is too much concerned with being proper, modest, or righteous; 427;

'''Gruntling''' 
944; accountant in Prof. Sleepcoat's party

'''Guanajuato''' 
127; Iceland Spar mined in, 306; Frank Traverse and Ewball in, 376;

'''Guitry, Sacha''' 
1066; "J'ai Deux Amants" (French: "I Have Two Lovers" a recording by Yvonne Printemps, written by Sacha Guitry and Andre Messager [[J'ai Deux Amants - I Have Two Lovers|Lyrics +]]. The composer [[H#hahn|Reynaldo Hahn]] (see also ''ATD'' at [[ATD 1063-1085#Page_1065|page 1065]]) wrote the music for his operetta ''Mozart'' (1925).

'''guncotton''' 
27; guncotton is Nitrocellulose (Cellulose nitrate) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose (e.g. through exposure to nitric acid or powerful nitrating agent), used in explosives

'''gutta-percha''' 
603; Gutta-percha (Palaquium) is genus of tropical trees native to southeast Asia and northern Australasia, from Taiwan south to Malaya and east to the Solomon Islands. It is also an inelastic natural latex produced from the sap of these trees, particularly from the species Palaquium gutta. Chemically, gutta-percha is a polyterpene, a polymer of isoprene (trans-1,4-polyisoprene);[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutta-percha]. It was often used an early insulating material on telegraphs and other electrical equipment. 611;

'''gynecophobia''' 
501; fear of women

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

Cyprian Latewood

2007-07-27T15:01:33Z

Phidre:

'''Note:''' This is a work in progress. Feel free to offer pointers, surely. I saw a loose thread and started pulling, and pulling .... - and now I gotta run [[User:WikiAdmin|WikiAdmin]] 10:57, 25 March 2007 (PDT)

'''Cyprian:'''

After Orpheus loses Eurydice forever by turning to see if she's still following him out of the underworld, he never loves another woman, turning instead to young boys. One of Greek god Apollo's beloved boys, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyparissus Cyparissus], loves a beautiful tame stag that he accidentally kills with a spear. In his grief, Apollo turns him into a cypress tree. The Cypress was one of the trees Orpheus charmed. In Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'':

:[143] Such was the grove by Orpheus drawn together; and he sat surrounded by assembled animals, and many strange Birds. When he tried the chords by touching with his thumb, and was convinced the notes were all in harmony, although attuned to various melody, he raised his voice and sang: “Oh my loved mother, Muse, from Jove inspire my song—for all things yield, to the unequalled sway of Jove—oh, I have sung so often Jupiter's great power before this day, and in a wilder strain, I've sung the giants and victorious bolts hurled on Phlegraean plains. But now I need the gentler touch; for I would sing of boys, the favorites of Gods, and even of maids who had to pay the penalty of wrong.” [http://www.theoi.com/Text/OvidMetamorphoses10.html]

'''"late wood":'''
:the outer portion of the growth ring on a tree, more dense than the "early wood" which appears early in the growing season, appearing later in the season, usually summer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_ring Wikipedia entry]

Pynchon connects Cyprian Latewood with the Greek demigod Orpheus. When Cyprian arrives, with Reef and Yashmeen, at the convent in the Balkans (Thrace) ([[ATD_946-975#Page 956|p. 956]]), he is greeted with "Welcome home." Thrace was the birthplace of Orpheus:

:The name Orpheus does not occur in Homer or Hesiod, but he was known in the time of Ibycus (c. 530 BC). Pindar (522—442 BC) speaks of him as “the father of songs”.

:From the 6th century BC onwards, Orpheus {ohr'-fee-uhs} was considered one of the chief poets and musicians of antiquity, and the inventor or perfector of the lyre. By dint of his music and singing, he could charm the wild beasts, coax the trees and rocks into dance, even arrest the course of rivers. As one of the pioneers of civilization, he is said to have taught mankind the arts of medicine, writing and agriculture. Closely connected with religious life, Orpheus was an augur and seer; practiced magical arts, especially astrology; founded or rendered accessible many important cults, such as those of Apollo and the Thracian god Dionysus; instituted mystic rites both public and private; and prescribed initiatory and purificatory rituals. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Wikipedia]

Now, it was said that Orpheus could even charm the trees, which is referenced in the first sonnet in Rainer Maria Rilke's ''Sonnets to Orpheus'':

:Tree arising! O pure ascendance! 
:Orpheus Sings! Towering tree within the ear! 
:Everywhere stillness, yet in this abeyance: 
:seeds of change and new beginnings near.

:Creatures of silence emerged from the clear 
:unfettered forest, from dens, from lairs. 
:Not from shyness, this silence of theirs; 
:nor from any hint of fear,

:simply from listening. Brutal shriek and roar 
:dwindled in their hearts. Where stood a mere 
:hut to house the passions of the ear,

:constructed of longing darkly drear, 
:haphazardly wrought from front to rear, 
:you built them a temple at listening's core. <ref>''The Sonnets to Orpheus'', translation by Robert Hunter [http://www.hunterarchive.com/files/Poetry/SonnetsToOrpheus.html Hunter Archive]</ref>

'''More Orpheus-Tree associations:'''

:Orpheus, the legendary poet whose songs could tame the beasts and charm the gods themselves, takes his name from the word for the alder tree. [http://www.uupetaluma.org/sermons/sermon21mar04.html]

:Hecate as Hecate ''trioditis'' was associated with the Mystery cults; Apollo in Thrace, Demeter at Sparta, and Hecate at Aegina. The divulgence of the Mysteries by Orpheus resulted in his death (Pausanius: ix.30.3; ii.30.2; iii.14.5).

:The Elysian Mysteries derive from the cult of the alder tree (French ''sorb-apple'' = ''alisier''; Spanish alder = ''aliso''). Orpheus’ father Oeagrus means ''of the wild sorb apple''. If ''Orpheus'' stands for ''ophruoeis'' or on the river bank, then it may be a title for the Greek ''Phoroneus'' or ''Cronus'' and refer to the alders growing on the ''Peneius'' and other rivers. Thus the alder, and hence the two entities, appear to be names for the pre-Hellenic river goddess Halys, Alys or Elis, queen of the Elysian islands where Phoroneus, Cronus, and Orpheus went after death.

:Orpheus’s singing head is similar to the myth of the decapitated Alder-god Bran who (according to the Mabinogion) sang sweetly on the rock at Harlech in Wales. [http://www.ccg.org/english/s/p039.html]

On [[ATD_946-975#Page 957|p. 957]], Cyprian stares at the icon of Zalmoxis and gains

:"a knowledge beyond light of what lay within the wood itself, of what it was one's duty to set free...."

On [[ATD_946-975#Page 958|p. 958]], Cyprian apologizes to Reef and Yashmeen for staying behind at the convent:

:"I know you were counting on me. Even if it was only for body mass, another tree in the windbreak. I feel that I just fell over and left you all exposed...."

[http://www.us.oup.com/us/companion.websites/0195153448/studentresources/chapters/ch16/?view=usa Oxford University Press - Classical Mythology, 7th Edition]

St. Cyprian's is the prep school that George Orwell attended.

==References==
<references />

ATD 946-975

2007-07-27T14:40:06Z

Phidre: /* Page 958 */body mass

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 946==

'''Orpheus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Wikipedia] entry for Orpheus, click on Death of Eurydice when you get there.

'''Young woman, there is money everywhere''' 
Even this spiritual expedition has an accountant. 
Also, Pluto, Lord of the Underworld - with all its mineral wealth - is the original plutocrat.

'''''Interdikt'' line''' 
That horizontal line on the map again.

'''Veliko Târnovo''' 
North central Bulgaria on north side of Stara Planina range. Just for Bulgarian Pynchon uses at least two transliteration systems; where you see the letter ''â'' in this system, another will have ''u.'' Present-day transliteration from Bulgarian uses the letter ''ǔ.'' The sound resembles the U in "bump"; it's represented by Ъ in the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet.

'''''ruchenitsa''''' 
Bulgarian: a folk dance. The ''u'' represents the "uh" sound.

'''St. Tryphon's Day''' 
St. Tryphon or Trypho is the protector of fields. Feast day is Feb. 1 in the Orthodox calendar; at the time of the action the western and eastern calendars had drifted 12 or 13 days apart, throwing the Gregorian (western) date toward mid-February.

==Page 947==

'''Dimyat''' 
Bulgarian wine made from grapes grown near the Black Sea coast.

'''Misket''' 
Muscatel wine.

'''May, I think''' 
1912. The date gets pegged a few pages further on.

'''Kazanlâk''' 
Central Bulgaria, south slope of Stara Planina range, halfway between Plovdiv and Veliko Târnovo.

'''Rozovata Dolina''' 
Bulgarian: rose valley. The Dimitrov Dam (completed in 1955, so not yet in existence at this point in AtD) may have filled part of the valley with a reservoir. Mild confusion: The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Valley%2C_Bulgaria Wikipedia entry] gives the Bulgarian name as ''Rosova dolina.''

'''between the Balkan range and the Sredna Gora''' 
Mountain ranges running east-west across Bulgaria, the Balkan (Stara Planina) to the north. ''Stara Planina'' = Old Range, ''Sredna Gora'' = Central Mountains.

This is, in fact, Eastern Rumelia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Rumelia].

'''''mutri''''' 
Bulgarian, literally: mugs, wry faces.

==Page 948==

'''Petrich''' 
Extreme southwestern Bulgaria, near the Bulgaria/Greece/Macedonia triple point.

'''on Macedonian border''' 
Today's maps reflect another century of boundary fights and negotiations. Petrich is not right on the present border, for example.

'''between Plovdiv and Petrich''' 
Southwest quarter of Bulgaria.

'''the music stopped two years ago''' 
I.e., in 1910.

==Page 949==

'''called out to, by their diminutives''' 
You can make a list of "nicknames" from most any Slavic name. In Russian, for example, ''Aleksandr'' is informally called Alyosha, Sasha, Sashenka, etc. The irregulars are boys from the neighborhood and get addressed as such.

'''crossing ''R. damascena'' with ''R. alba''''' 
Species of roses. The species most used in attar-making is ''Rosa damascena.''

==Page 950==

'''named the baby Ljubica''' 
Serbo-Croatian: violet (the flower). Commemorating Cyprian's toilette at Carnesalve, I suggest; see pages 881 and 891. '''The name is pronounced LYOO-beet-sah.''' In light of the musical theme, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubica_Mari%C4%87 Ljubica Marić], b. 1909, considered to be one of the most original composers to emerge from Yugoslavia, should be noted.

'''toroidal black iron antenna . . . one of those Tesla rigs''' 
I.e., made to transmit or receive energy wirelessly. 
Sounds like another [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardenclyffe_Tower Wardenclyffe Tower]

==Page 951==

'''''...these are voices of the dead. Edison and Marconi both feel that the syntonic wireless can be developed as a way to communicate with departed spirits.''''' 
According to [http://skepdic.com/evp.html this website], Edison did not rule out this possibility, but what he says does not sound so enthusiastic either. Still this links up with the seance in the Swiss alps. Also interesting: In an article for the ''North American Review'' in June, 1878, Edison lists the recording of "the last words of dying persons" among ten possible uses for his newly invented phonograph. 

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
The Canadian band Rush (see note p. 708, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography]) has a song on the 1981 album ''Moving Pictures'' called ''YYZ'' (Why Yz-les-Bains?). (YYZ is actually the airport code for Toronto, Canada).

'''Mihály Vámos''' 
Hungarian name, but ''vámos'' is also Spanish = go!

'''''Szia, haver''''' 
Hungarian: Hello buddy!

==Page 952==

'''''Zabraneno''''' 
Bulgarian: the forbidden. Same meaning as ''Interdikt.''

'''an attar-factory rep''' 
Attar: a fragrant essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers; attar of roses, a fragrant extract of the petals. And indeed, rose oil is the most important commodity produced in the Rozovata Dolina, with Kazanlak being the trade center for the product.

'''Philippopolis''' 
Philippopolis is now Plovdiv, located 40-50 miles south of the valley. Plovdiv was Philippopolis in 342 B.C., when it was conquered by Philip II of Macedonia and by the 1st century A.D. had undergone 2 more name changes: to Pulpudeva and to Thrimonzium. The name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv Plovdiv] first appeared around 1369.

That brings up an important point. There's all kinds of evidence in ''AtD'' that Pynchon has appropriated history as he found it in contemporary sources. And it's a good bet that much of the published history came from Britain. Writers today like to use "local" names, but that wasn't so in earlier times. The 1911 ''Brittanica,'' for example, has entry after entry under "Henry" for monarchs who went by Heinrich, Henri, Enrique and so forth. This now-unfashionable conservatism, picked up and repeated in ''AtD,'' means we shouldn't expect to see a reference to Sevastopol'; look instead for Sebastopol. Similarly we'd see Budweis instead of České Budějovice if the subject of brewing arose. And Philippopolis follows the pattern.

'''casemate''' 
In a fortification, an armored room or emplacement for artillery. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casemate Wikipedia]

==Page 953==

'''it's only chlorine . . . you get phosgene''' 
Accurate account of the process then used to produce phosgene. Today an activated carbon catalyst replaces the sunlight.

'''''motoros''''' 
Cyclist, biker, referring here to Mihaly Vamos.

'''light is..the destructive agent''' 
Thematic,of course, when non-natural light is created....studies back to
'city illumination'. Cf. Telluride chapter.

'''Fear in lethal form''' 
This is strongly reminiscent of the "Panic fear" (p. 151) unleashed by the Vormance Expedition's digging up of the buried alien - the "incendiary Figure."

'''millions of candles per square inch''' 
Not easily converted to other units of measurement. Since the International Candle was defined as the light output from a specified wax candle, imagine a source emitting as much light as a million candles. Then imagine the sky covered with such sources, one to a square inch. No, it's unimaginably bright—disorienting, blinding, probably scorching. Recalls Olbers' paradox: in an infinite universe, we should see a star in every direction ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olbers%27_paradox wikipedia]; pay attention to the Edgar Allan Poe quotation).

'''Shipka''' 
A very small village in Bulgaria's Central Balkan Mountains, near a mountain pass of strategic importance, which connects northern Bulgaria to Upper Thrace (East Rumelia). It was the site of a battle between the Russian army and the Ottoman Turks in 1877.

'''''Sok szerencsét''''' 
Hungarian: good luck.

==Page 954==

'''Thrace''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace Thrace] is a region in southeast Europe spreading over southern Bulgaria, northwestern Greece, and European Turkey.

'''Varna''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna Varna] is a major seaport of Bulgaria on the Black Sea Coast. It is the third largest city of the country and a primary tourist destination. One of the oldest cities in Europe and site of the alleged world's oldest gold treasure (5th millennium BC radiocarbon dating).

==Page 955==

'''''folie à trois''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folie_%C3%A0_deux ''Folie à deux''] describes delusional behavior displayed by two people; here it's by three. With ''folie à deux'', the crucial point is that the sum is more than the parts: behaviors or actions only occur because of the two people interacting.

'''hebephrenic''' 
Involving delusions, hallucinations, pointless and childish behavior.

'''raptors''' 
birds of prey.

'''Sliven''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliven Sliven] is a town east of Kazanlâk, nearly the geographic center of the country, Bulgaria.

'''the ''Halkata''''' 
Bulgarian ''khalka'': ring. The suffix ''-ta'' is a definite article. An existing formation in Bulgaria [http://noe2002.hit.bg/index1.html pic].

'''Ulitsa Rakovsky''' 
Bulgarian: Rakovsky Street. Georgi Rakovsky (1821-67), Bulgarian freedom fighter.

==Page 956==

'''''krâchma''''' 
Pronounced like CRUTCH-mah. Bulgarian: tavern.

'''Byal Sredets''' 
The [http://www.alibaba.com/catalog/11426692/Bulgarian_Cigarettes.html Sredets or Sredetz] lines of cigarettes are still produced. ''Byal'' just means "white"; Byal Sredets was (speculatively) a sub-brand.

After not too much searching, no cigar(-ettes) but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byala%2C_Varna_Province Byala] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredets Sredets] are towns near Varna, and silly speculation: to a non-Bulgarian English speaker, Byal Sredets, kind of looks like it could sound like "buy all cigarettes," if you pronounce Sredets as sir-e-dets.

:Byala and Sredets are not in [http://www.bulgartabac.bg/l_plants.html major tobacco-growing regions] of Bulgaria. If we have to try parsing the brand name (and we do), ''Sredets'' may refer to the [[ATD_946-975#Page_947|Sredna Gora]] growing region. 
Sredets is the old Bulgarian name of Sofia, and now a municipality within the city.

Byal is also evocative of beyul, Baikal and bi-locale.

Please see [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Binarisms_Discussion Binarisms Discussion] for more on Byal as white on the Black Sea, and other dualities in AtD.

'''''Zdrave . . . kakvo ima?''''' 
Bulgarian: Good health . . . what's the matter?

'''Bogomils''' 
Heretical sect in Balkans with doctrinal links to Cathars and Albigensians. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogomilism Bogomilism]arose out of a combination of pre-Christian Bulgarian gnosticism and a peasant reaction against oppression from the institutional church and state. Essentially anarchist in outlook, it holds that there is a duality in the creation of the world. Social structures derive from Satan, an Angel (of Death ) and eldest child of God, who was sent to Earth. Only things that spring from the human soul are truly good. Therefore, the established church, state and all social heirarchies are undermined. Bogomils refused to pay taxes, to work, or to fight for the state. Anarchism with a theological bent, Bogomilism was popular in Bulgaria and the Balkans from 950 to about 1396.

Much of what is known about the Bogomils comes from the antithetical polemic with the "interesting" name ''Against the Heretics'' written not by St. Cosmas, or Randolph St. Cosmo, but Presbyter Cosmas, also refered to in some places as St. Cosmo (Kozma), a 10th century Bulgarian church official.

Of further note, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bogomils Bogomil propaganda] followed "the mountain chains of central Europe, starting from the Balkans and continuing along the Carpathian Mountains, the Alps and the Pyrenees..." and so might be called, ''The Light Over the Ranges."

'''''Pavlikeni''''' 
Sources differ on the meaning: (1) Bulgarian Catholics; (2) members of a heretical sect with dualist (Manichean) doctrines influenced by beliefs of the Bogomils. Also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulicianism Paulicianism].

Something interesting is going on here. There are two different meanings of the word Pavlikeni which pivot on the date TRP gives in the text, 1650. Originally the Pavlikeni were synonomous with the Bogomils. Churches all over Europe and Russia , Orthodox and Roman, persecuted the sect and this ended in the Balkans only when the Turks conquered the area. So from 950 to about 1389 (430 years!!) they were oppressed. From 1389 to 1650 (300 years more) the Bogomils lived peacefully under the Turks as Pavlikeni (still heretics). Then in 1650 the Roman Church gathered them into its fold. No less than 14 villages in the area embraced Catholicism. Questions: 1) Why did the Pavlikeni all of a sudden "convert" after 700 years (!!) of persecution by The Church? For protection from Turkish oppression? 2) How was this allowed under Turkish rule? 3) Why was the Roman church in a largely Orthodox corner of Europe?

The monastery Cyprian joins is pure Bogomil. It did not convert (sell out?) to Rome in 1650, but continues its heresy.

One more point. It is interesting that in the beginning of AtD (p. 10), TRP writes that stockyard workers were "overwhelmingly of the Roman faith." But here, Cyprian finds redemption from slaughter "there will be no more wars" in the arms of a Bogomil monastery. It appears that TRP is making the very subtle claim that the Church of Rome is not only a party to the great power institutions in history, but like them based on the blood of Christ, cows and the bovine mentality of soulless citizen/laborers. Only those who resist Rome and worldly power structures in general are truly free and they are the ensouled, the heretical, the Anarchist.

Seconded. TRP was raised a Catholic and was said to go to Mass regularly
at Cornell. From V. to AtD, his perspective on historic Catholicism is ...richer(?).... than a "simple" Catholic believer's, at least.

'''Hebrus River . . . Maritza''' 
The Maritza or Maritsa flows west to east, draining Bulgaria between the Stara Planina (Balkan range) and the Rhodopes, then turns south and west to the Aegean Sea. The port at its mouth, in Greece, is called Evros, a name derived from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrus Hebrus].

==Page 957==

'''Manichæans''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_429-459#Page_437 page 437] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M the index at M].

'''Pythagorean ''akousmata''''' 
"Avoid beans." [[A|See explanation in the "A" alphabetical page.]] 

In ''V.'' TRP mentions ''The White Goddess'' by Robert Graves. The Pythagorean mystics, Graves writes, derived their bean aversion from the Pelasgians of Samos (Greece) which puts them in close connection with the Orphic and Druidic.

The flower of the bean is white like a spirit. Beans grow spirally "up its prop" symbolizing resurrection or reincarnation. Ghosts contrived to be reborn as humans by entering into beans and being eaten by women (Pliny mentions this). Eating beans somehow ran the risk of frustrating a dead parent's wish for progeny or rebirth. Beans were also thrown behind one's back to ward of ghosts. 

By contrast, Platonists excused their aversion on the grounds that beans caused flatulence. "Life was breath, and to break wind after eating beans was a proof that one had eaten a living soul -- in Greek and Latin the same words, ''pneuma'' and ''anima''," words that also meant gust of wind, breath, soul, spirit. Can wind have a spiritual significance in AtD?

:Does this give a twist to the meaning of Chicago as "The Windy City" at the beginning of the book -- Chicago as the "City of the Dead," especially as the cattle drives are pictured as being a gradual reduction of choice and freedom that ends in the Cartesian grid of the city and finally the killing-floor of the slaughterhouse?

Graves goes on to say that the bean belonged to the "White Goddess" who he identified with the Roman goddess Cranaë, the 'harsh or stony one,' a Greek surname of the Goddess Artemis. Artemis owned a hill-temple near Delphi in which the office of priest was always held by a boy for a five year term, and a cypress-grove, the Cranaeum, just outside Corinth. Cranaë is etymologically related to the Gaelic 'cairn' -- a pile of stones erected on a mountain-top. Can Cyprian be related to the cypress grove and to Artemis, the barren goddess?

A further note, on p. 17, Chick Counterfly recounts the schemes he and his father worked in order to keep beans in the pot. They are bean-eating worldly men vs. the other-worldly non-eaters of T.W.I.T. and the Bogomils.

'''hegumen''' 

In the Greek Orthodox Church, head of a religious community. (And, silly aside, legumen, in Latin, means bean).

'''Tetractys''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_219|page 219: Tetractys]].

'''Zalmoxis''' 
This passage could almost have been drawn from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxis Wikipedia entry.]

'''Krâstova Gora''' 
Bulgarian: name of a mountain or range. [http://www.discover-bulgaria.com/Articles.aspx?ProductID=268&CategoryID=0&pg=3&srchString= Krâstova Gora] means "Mountain (or Forest) of the Cross" and is in the Rhodopes. The monk Grigorii, known as “the Rhodopean Paisii”, has named in his sermons the Central Rhodopes as the “Mountain of the Cross” or “Forest of the Cross”. The Russian Paisi is mentioned on [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_892-918#Page_904 page 904].

Is this sentence the orphan of some narrative that's been cut? Disclosure of the baby's sex is on p. 949 and has neither a mountain nor a church in it.

'''narthex''' 
Lobby or portico of a church.

==Page 958==

'''sympathetic spirits who had dug spaces beneath their own precarious dwellings to harbor her for a night or two at a time''' 
Compare the annotations on ''stranniki'' and ''podpol'niki'' [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|(page 663).]]

'''body mass''' 
Cyprian became aware of his body as "mass and velocity and cold gravity" on page 837.

'''Bernadette o' Lourdes''' 
young woman who is reputed to have seen visions of the Mother of the Divine at Lourdes in France. See Wikipedia.

==Page 959==

'''Oh, there won't be any war''' 
Cyprian's self-discovered religiousness seems to make him overly optimistic--blind--to historical reality.

'''σχημα''' 
In English, ''schema.''

'''Νυξ''' 
In English, ''Nux'' or ''Nyx.'' cf Brides of Night below.

'''Talking, for women, is a form of breathing''' 
Compare p. 501: "a hundred women . . . all silent." Tying Noellyn/Yashmeen to Cyprian?

'''What is it that is born of light?''' 
Cyprian trying to make sense of his epiphany on page 953. 
Phosgene. 
Nicene Creed, "light of light, true God of true God, begotten not made"

==Page 960==

'''Hesychasts''' 
Contemplative hermits in Orthodox Church; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesychasts see Wikipedia entry.]
From the concise Brittanica: Hesychasm
in Eastern Christianity, type of monastic life in which practitioners seek divine quietness (Greek hesychia) through the contemplation of God in uninterrupted prayer. Such prayer, involving the entire human being—soul, mind, and body—is often called “pure,” or “intellectual,” prayer or the Jesus prayer. St. John Climacus, one of the greatest writers of the Hesychast tradition, wrote, “Let the remembrance of Jesus be present with each breath, and then you will know the value of the hesychia.” In the late 13th century, St. Nicephorus the Hesychast produced an even more precise “method of prayer,” advising novices to fix their eyes during prayer on the “middle of the body,” in order to achieve a more total attention, and to “attach the prayer to their breathing.” This practice was violently attacked in the first half of the 14th century by Barlaam the Calabrian, who called the Hesychasts omphalopsychoi, or people having their souls in their navels.

The Hesychast usually experiences the contemplation of God as light, the Uncreated Light of the theology of St Gregory Palamas. The Uncreated Light that the Hesychast experiences is identified with the Holy Spirit. Experiences of the Uncreated Light are allied to the 'acquisition of the Holy Spirit'. Orthodox Tradition warns against seeking ecstasy as an end in itself. Hesychasm is a traditional complex of ascetical practices embedded in the doctrine and practice of the Orthodox Church and intended to purify the member of the Orthodox Church and to make him ready for an encounter with God that comes to him when and if God wants, through God's Grace (note earlier mention of an "anti-Grace"). Very different from attainment of Nirvana.

'''Transfiguration of Christ''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus Transfiguration].

'''''There came a cloud and overshadowed them''''' 
Luke 9.34.

'''''omphalopsychoi''''' 
see above. "Hesychasts condemned as "having their souls in their navel".

'''Shekhinah''' 
The Kabbala calls this Spirit, Shekkinah, which, according to Harold Bloom, refers to the "feminine element in Yahweh." Shekkinah is God's maternal nature, Mother God, who broods over the Earth searching for and gathering the world's orphans and outcasts under her wings. 
The author of Genesis tells us this Spirit hovered over the earth before creation. That which dwells, that which abides.

'''shiny black accoutrements''' 
[[ATD_678-694#Page_678|See the delicious annotation to page 678.]]

'''Cosmas of Jerusalem''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Cosmas See the concise Wikipedia article.]

==Page 961==

'''metempsychosis''' 
Habitation by a soul of a different (or new) body; non-Orthodox concept related to reincarnation.

'''[i]f self-similarity proves to be a built-in property of the universe''' 
As it does seem to be. Example: a map of streams draining the side of a mountain is similar (though on a different scale) to a map of rivers draining half a continent.
:any mountain,any continent? 
:Um, no, it was an inexact statement, wasn't it. ''In a fairly broad sense,'' the way rivers join to form larger and larger streams is mirrored by the way tiny erosion channels join to form larger and larger gullies. Of course there's some continent that doesn't follow the pattern (Antarctica at present a pretty fair instance), and some mountain too (though I don't think of one offhand), but self-similarity is a widely encountered behavior. 
Moon and electron and sleep, death as text examples, are 'universe(al)' analogies.
:That is very much to the point, but self-similarity is stronger than analogy. "As above, so below" covers analogies but also behaviors at different scales that follow from common causes.

'''Brides of Night''' 
A name (used by whom?) of the order Cyprian seeks to join. 
This 'order' seems to be a creation of Pynchon's, an important metaphorical one. In Hesychasism, massive humility is stressed, as is the
linked notion that God is light and can never be known (not even after the Beatific Vision). So, a Bride of Night is a humble 'nun' who is married to the darkness of the Unknown God. 

A thought: The Brides of Night (in white robes?) is a religious parody of those "Riders of Night" in white robes who appear from time to time in the novel, viz., the Ku Klux Klan. And whereas Cyprian fleeing the world finds asylum with the Brides of Night; Chick Counterfly fleeing the riders of the night finds asylum with the Chums of Chance.

Cf: p. 959 regarding the Orthodox schema of initiation and nyx. 
This is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_negativa ''Via Negativa''] or Apophathic theology which seeks to describe God by negation, by what cannot be said or ascribed to God. Hesychast Gregory Palamas followed this path as did many Eastern Christian fathers. Before them it can be found in Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hesiod and Plotinus. Indeed the theogony of Nyx given on p.959 is almost directly from Hesiod, where chaos is likened to anarchos. The via negativa is a mainstay of Christian mysticism (The Cloud of Unknowing, Dark Night of the Soul, Meister Eckart); Vedanta (Upanishads) "neti, neti"; Buddhism -- anatta, nirvana; Taoism -- the uncarved block, "the way that can be spoken is not the true way," empty but inexhaustible; and Islam -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi Shurarwardi], who speaks of the pure immaterial light, the luminous darkness.

==Page 962==

'''don't look back . . . or he'll take you below . . . down to America''' 
Orpheus and Eurydice again. And Lot and his wife, from Book 2.

'''And Cyprian was taken behind a great echoless door''' 
Cyprian's final transcendence of desire—which at one point we might have taken as a ''renunciation'' of desire—prompts a review of how desire itself has been presented in ''AtD.'' See text and annotations:
*Harald the Ruthless learns about desire and the forsaking of desire, [[ATD_119-148#Page_127|p. 127]]
*Scarsdale Vibe experiences a kind of desire for Kit, [[ATD_149-170#Page_158|p. 158]]
*Contemplating Yashmeen's neck, Cyprian experiences desire "of rather a specialized sort," [[ATD_489-524#Page_499|p. 499]]
*"Unreflective desire" rules Cyprian's days on the Lagoon, [[ATD_695-723#Page_708|p. 708]]
*Aspects of desire, or rather his responses to it, define Auberon Halfcourt's "two creatures resident within the same life," [[ATD_748-767#Page_759|759]]
*Cyprian first experiences a "release from desire," [[ATD_821-848#Page_839|p. 839]]
*Cyprian displays an "appetite for sexual abasement" with "a religious surrender of the self"; Yashmeen sees salvation in his surrender, [[ATD_864-891#Page_876|pp. 876-77]]
*Cyprian's transcendence of desire will be Yashmeen's reprieve from "political forms" and "utopian dreams," [[ATD_919-945#Page_942|p. 942]]

==Page 963==

'''Plain of Thrace . . . Rhodopes . . . Pirin range''' 
From the convent/castle around Sliven in the Stara Planina or Sredna Gora, south across the Maritsa valley, southwest across the Rhodope mountain range, southwest through the higher Pirins. Close to the present Bulgarian-Greek-Macedonian borders, on a generally southwestward track to the southwest corner of Bulgaria.

'''To move through it would be to struggle against time...''' 
Time and Light are linked by Relativity Theory. According to the equations, as an object approaches the speed of light, time dilates. The speed of light cannot be exceeded; time speeds up to accomodate any such attempt. (Doesn't time slow down? I.e., from the point of view of an observer not on the speeding object, doesn't a clock on the object run slow?) This has nothing directly to do with the ''brightness'' of the light, however; light of whatever intensity travels at the same speed.

'''In mid-October . . . invaded Macedonia''' 
1912, First Balkan War. The text does not mention Montenegro, which was active as well. Insofar as war aims played any role, everybody aimed to get Turkey out of the Balkans, but there was little unity beyond that. 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Balkan_War The First Balkan War] (1912-1913) was fought between the members of the Balkan League—Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro—and the Ottoman Empire. The league was formed under Russian auspices in the spring of 1912 to take Macedonia away from Turkey. Montenegro opened hostilities with Turkey on October 8, 1912 and the other members of the league delcared war on October 18. The Ottoman's army collapsed and disintegrated in first two months' fighting. The war officially ended with the signing in London on May 30, 1913 a peace treaty in which the Ottoman Empire lost almost all of its European territory including all of Macedonia and Albania—Macedonia was divided between Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece; Albania was declared independent.

'''. . . by the twenty-second, fighting between Bulgarians and Turks was heavy around Kumanovo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumanovo Kumanovo] is located in northern Macedonia near present-day border with Serbia, about 15 miles northeast of Skopje, the capital of the country.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo The Battle of Kumanovo] (October 23-24, 1912) was a major battle of the First Balkan War. After the outbreak of hostilities, three Serbian Armies, from left to right the 3rd, 1st and 2nd, advanced southwards towards Skopje. They defeated the Ottoman's 7th and 6th corps at Kumanovo in two day's fighting. The Ottoman's armies retreated 50 miles southwards all the way to Prilep, and the Serbians entered Skopje on October 26 without a fight. 

'''Adrianople''' 
Now called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edirne Edirne]. It is situated at the westernmost part of Turkey, at the present-day Turkish-Greek frontier near the Turkey/Greece/Bulgaria triple point.

'''''mehana''''' 
Mehana is Serbian and Bulgarian for the Turkish word [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehana meyhane].

'''from Philippopolis . . . Adrianople''' 
From Plovdiv southeastward down the Maritsa to Adrianople (now called Edirne).

'''Ivanoff's Second Army''' 
General Nikola Ivanov's Second Army of Bulgaria advanced from Philippopolis southeastwards to Adrianople along the Maritsa river.

==Page 964==

'''west through Strumica and Valandovo . . . the Vardar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumica Strumica] is in the southeast of present-day Macedonia; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valandovo Valandovo] is about 8 miles to the southwest. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardar Vardar], passing by near Valandovo, is the major river of Macedonia, flowing north to south more or less.

'''the Tikveš wine country''' 
A plain in the center of present-day Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikve%C5%A1 Wikipedia]

'''Monastir''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitola Bitola] in southwest Macedonia.

'''becoming a popular, perhaps someday a national, delusion.''' 
That is, if these Turkish provinces can become nations, these horrors can be cleansed to become the national foundation myth. Nations based on ethnic division was in fact the basis for the peace settlements ending World War I.

'''between Veles and Prilep''' 
In central Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veles_%28city%29 Veles] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prilep Prilep]

==Page 965==

'''by way of Kičevo and Prilep''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Devo Kičevo] is in western present-day Macedonia, Prilep more in the middle. Two Serbian columns?

'''Babuna Pass''' 
North of Prilep.

'''Russian Madsen guns and . . . Montenegrin Rexers''' 
They refer to [http://www.landships.freeservers.com/new_pages/madsen_mg_info.htm Danish Madsen light machine guns].

'''Howitzer''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howitzer Wikipedia entry]

'''"Once they get their line and length," she said''' 
A very good cricket joke by Yashmeen. Effective bowling requires the ball to be directed on the "line" of the stumps defended by the batsman, and not wide on either side. The ball must hit the pitch (the ground) in front of the batsman "on a good length", ie not too short or too full, because such deliveries can be hit more easily. Reef is either very sharp, or played cricket in Colorado.

==Page 966==

'''I Zingari''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: I.Z.]] 
I Zingari (from the Italian for "the gypsies") is an English amateur cricket club which was formed on 4 July 1845, by a very aristocratic parentage. Also known as IZ, I Zingari is a wandering (or nomadic) club, having no home ground. Its club colours are black, red and gold, symbolizing the motto "out of darkness, through fire, into light"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Zingari]. The colors, therefore, are the anarchist Red and Black, plus gold. "Out of darkness, through fire, into light" could be the motto of every seeker in AtD, and certainly applies to Yasmeen at the present moment.

==Page 967==

'''Sarakatsàni''' 
Not a place but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarakatsani a people], Greek-speaking nomadic shepherds across the Southern Balkans well beyond the present-day borders of Greece.

'''Bukovo Pass''' 
??? Here's a [http://outdoors.webshots.com/photo/2110787010065488803qeBkDg map] with the pass and Ohrid.

'''down into Ohrid''' 
Extreme southwest of present-day Macedonia, by Lake Ohrid, a bordering lake shared between Macedonia and Albania.

'''Liman von Sanders''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Liman_von_Sanders Otto Liman von Sanders] (1855-1929), German advisor to Turkish military. In overall command of Turkish victories at the Dardanelles in 1915. Remember the earlier discussion about English and Russian fears of German influences in the Ottoman Empire, especially re the Berlin/ Baghdad railway.

'''But now the Serbs knew they could beat them''' 
A fatal conclusion, contributing to the recklessness of Serbian nationalism, and intransigence in the face of Ausrtrian demands in the wake of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. Serbia suffered terrible reverses in World War I.

==Page 968==

'''Sveti Naum''' 
Macedonian: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Naum St. Naum]. Large monastery on the lakefront south of Ohrid.

'''the defeat at Monastir''' 
The Serbian army decisively defeated the Ottoman army at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bitola Battle of Bitola] (Monastir) November 16-19, 1912.

'''Yanina''' 
Now Ioánnina, in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_%28region%29 Epirus] province of present-day Greece, about 60 miles east of the Corfu island. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina Ioannina], about 270 miles northwest of Athens, is located in the western Greece 25 miles from the Albanian border.

'''Pogradeci, on the road to Korça''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogradeci Pogradec], Albania, across the lake from Ohrid, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB Korcë], 20 miles south of Pogradeci, southeastern Albania near present-day Greek border.

==Page 969==

'''Erseka''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erseka Ersekë], southeastern Albania near the Greek border, 20 miles south of Korca.

'''Gramoz Range . . . Pindus''' 
Grámmos on present-day maps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindus Pindus] range runs mainly north-south in northwestern Greece; the [http://www.gtp.gr/LocPage.asp?Id=60639 Grámmos] range marks the boundary of Greece and Albania (and also the boundary between two Greek provinces, one of them named Macedonia).

'''šarplaninec''' 
Or šarplaninac. Named for the Šar Planina mountain range. It's a largeish working breed. Compare the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0arplaninac Wikipedia article] with the description of Kseniya's temperament.

'''Kseniya''' 
The name (here in Macedonian form; elsewhere Xenia) means "guest, stranger."

==Page 970==

'''''tungjatjeta''''' 
Albanian: hello! Literally: "may you have a long life" 

'''Gras''' 
1874 French rifle.

'''''një rosë vdekuri''''' 
Albanian: "What we call a rose"...Allusion to Juliet's line from Romeo & Juliet: "that what we call a rose/ by any other name would smell as sweet"

'''''Vëlla''''' 
Albanian: brother

'''Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin''' 
The most important of the hereditary codes of conduct that shape the inter-generational behavior of the rural Albanians that make up the overwhelming majority of the Kosovar population. The Kanun of Lek Dukagin probably emerged in the 15th Century but was not even written down until the 19th Century. The foundation of the Kanun is the concept of personal honor and at the center of its laws is the blood feud, a complicated system of vendettas aimed at obtaining satisfaction ''vis a vis'' punishment. There are four major offenses to personal honor under the Kanun:

#calling a man a liar in front of other men;
#insulting his wife;
#taking his weapons; and
#violating his hospitality.

These offenses are not paid for in property or by fines but by the spilling of blood or by a magnanimous pardon.

From [http://www.d-n-i.net/fcs/comments/c339.htm Balkan Primer (X) - Blood Feuds, Kanuns, and American Policy]

==Page 971==

'''rakia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakia Rakia] is a hard liquor similar to brandy.

'''''Gëzuar!''''' 
Albanian: Cheers!

'''Tosk''' 
Principal [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian southern dialect] of Albanian, basis of the literary language.

'''Përmeti''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrmet Përmet] on present-day maps, 20 miles southwest of Erseke.

'''Gjirokastra''' 
Argyrokastron on old maps, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr Gjirokastër] on new ones, 20 miles soutwest of Permeti near the south end of Albania; about 15 miles from the Adriatic coast.

'''Vjosa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjosa Vijosë] on present-day maps. The Vijose river flows through Permeti northwestwards to the Adriatic Sea.

==Page 972==

'''There was a cease-fire in effect now among all parties except for Greece, still trying to take Yanina''' 
In less than two months since the First Balkan War started on October 8, 1912 the Ottoman's army was totally defeated losing Salonica, Albania, Epirus, Macedonia and Thrace to its opponents and Adrianople was under siege since November 17. An armistice was signed between Bulgaria (Serbia and Montenegro) and Turkey on December 3. Greece continued the war alone, aiming to capture Ioannina. In the Battle of Bizani, February 20-21, 1913 Greece defeated the last Ottoman army ever to enter Macedonia and Epirus and took Ioannina.

'''Muzina Pass''' 
In Southern Albania it is 572 meters high.It connects Sarande [below] with the Drinos Valley. Wikipedia, German edition.
[[Image:corfu.jpg|thumb|Corfu harbor ca. 1890|right]]
'''Agli Saranta''' 
Present-day maps identify this Albanian Riviera town as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarand%C3%AB Sarandë], located between high mountains and the Ionian Sea facing Greek island of Corfu.

'''Corfu''' 
Western Greek island off the Greek/Albanian coast. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu Corfu],a 40-mile long island, is separated from Albania by straits varying in breadth from 2 to 25 miles. The principal town of the island, located in the east-central side of island facing Greece mainland, is also named ''Corfu''. Mt Pantokrator, a 3000-ft mountain in north-eastern Corfu, is the highest on the island—at its summit the whole island as well as Albania can be seen. Corfu island's turbulent history is full of battles and conquests; for example, between 1386 to 1797 it was under Venetian protection, in 1800s under French and the British from 1815, and it unified with Greece only as late as 1864. The 1981 James Bond movie ''For Your Eyes Only'' was filmed in Corfu.

'''Pantokratoras''' 
South of Mouzaki, Greece. Famous for Byzantine icon screens.
:Mouzaki and [http://www.zanteguru.com/places/pantokratoras.html Pantokratoras] are villages in Zante island, the last large Ionian Island down the Greek coast 80 miles south from Corfu island. The fishing boat traveling from Sarande to Corfu will not detour to Zante island first. 
Pantokratoras here refers to Mt Pantokrator (see ''Corfu'' above), a mountain in the northeast part of Corfu island, any boat traveling from Albanian town to the town of Corfu has to pass it.

'''St. Spiridion''' 
[http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/SaintsAlive/id648.htm St. Spiridion]

'''XI''' 
Eleven: a cricket team.

'''Lefkas''' 
Or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefkas Levkás], Leucas or Lefkada, the next sizable Ionian Island down the Greek coast from Corfu. Corinth and Lefkás were allies in the Peloponnesian War. Lefkás later was the capital of the Acarnanian League (3d cent. B.C.). The island was captured (1697) from the Ottoman Turks by Venice, which held it until 1797. There are ruins of Cyclopean walls and a temple to Apollo Leukates. Sappho is said, probably falsely, to have committed suicide by plunging into the sea from a cliff of the island. Lefkás is also known as Santa Maura. Columbia Encyclopedia.

'''demotic''' 
[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/demotic demotic]

==Page 973==

'''hot-pepper salamis''' 
are often paired with fragrant bunches of oregano. The hot pepper is present in salamis as well. They are big and red or as in the typical soppressata version, have a squashed shape due to their ageing under weights.

'''the Compassionate''' 
Yashmeen, Auberon and "the Compassionate" have come together before. On page 749 she wrote to him of her dream:
:We ascended, or rather, we were taken aloft, as if in mechanical rapture, to a great skyborne town and a small band of serious young people, dedicated to resisting death and tyranny, whom I understood at once to be the Compassionate.

Speculation: The Chums of Chance = The Compassionate = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes (Furies)?

'''the Esplanade''' 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli02.html#11 The Esplanade] is famed as "the largest square in the Balkans". Beginning in 1576 for 12 years, the houses huddled around the gate of a fortress was being demolished to allow the defenders a better view over the area leaving a great space which the French later planted with trees and today forms the Espalnde Square.

'''fiacre''' 
A small hackney carriage. [French, after the Hôtel de Saint Fiacre in Paris.]

'''Durazzo''' 
Now Durrës, Albania, nearest coastal city to the capital, Tiranë. It will be more than 100 miles north of Corfu.

'''casus belli''' 
An occasion or cause for war.

'''ouzo''' 
a colorless anise-flavored Greek liqueur. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouzo Wikipedia]

==Page 974==

'''Volodya''' 
Diminutive form of ''Vladimir.'' Not Colonel Prokladka.

'''a transaction in jade''' 
Bought/got jade low, sold high. 
You have to wonder if Aubrey didn't make his profit on a stolen gem, [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|such as an idol's eye.]]

'''one of those turns''' 
. . . And aren't there a lot of them through here.

==Page 975==

'''Garitsa''' 
Latitude 39.6139 Longitude 19.9197 Altitude (feet) 3
Lat (DMS) 39° 36' 50N Long (DMS) 19° 55' 11E Altitude (meters) 0 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli03.html#30 A suburb of Corfu by the Garitsa Bay] with a handsome, tree-lined coastal road with neo-Classical buildings on one side and the Garitsa Bay on the other; and a narrow tree-filled park where local taverns and grillrooms set out their tables under the trees.

'''Leadville Fan-Tan''' 
A card game, played no doubt in the gambling halls of Leadville, Colorado. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan#The_Card_Game_Fantan Wikipedia entry].

'''leptas''' 
Bastard plural of ''lepton'' (Greek = a low-denomination coin). Plural in Greek is ''lepta.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_lepton Wikipedia]

'''tsingarelli''' 
???

'''polenta''' 
Originally Italian; dish similar to cornmeal mush. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenta Wikipedia]

'''yaprakia''' 
Stuffed grape leaves (similar to dolmathes). [http://www.greek-recipe.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article169 recipe and pic]

'''stoufado''' 
Possibly an alternative spelling of ''stifado'' (Greek = beef and onion stew)? Apparently it is an Italian spelling, as stoufado appears on this [http://www.pietroizzo.com/contacts/pi_7/2004/2004_23.html page] (which is written in Italian) in the sentence starting with "La cucina greca" (Greek cuisine).

'''Mavrodaphne''' 
Red fortified wine made in the Achaia region of Greece. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavrodaphne Wikipedia]

'''Hrisoula''' 
The cat bears the name of King Yrjö's wife (GR 119).

'''''rembetika''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rembetika Rembetika]: the songs of the Greek underground, sung by the so-called rebetes (Greek: ρεμπέτης). Rebetes were unconventional people who lived outside the social order. They first appeared after the Greek War of Independence of 1821.

'''''karsilamas''''' 
[http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/dances/karsilam.htm a traditional Greek dance]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 946-975

2007-07-27T14:30:47Z

Phidre: /* Page 960 */ there came a cloud

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 946==

'''Orpheus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Wikipedia] entry for Orpheus, click on Death of Eurydice when you get there.

'''Young woman, there is money everywhere''' 
Even this spiritual expedition has an accountant. 
Also, Pluto, Lord of the Underworld - with all its mineral wealth - is the original plutocrat.

'''''Interdikt'' line''' 
That horizontal line on the map again.

'''Veliko Târnovo''' 
North central Bulgaria on north side of Stara Planina range. Just for Bulgarian Pynchon uses at least two transliteration systems; where you see the letter ''â'' in this system, another will have ''u.'' Present-day transliteration from Bulgarian uses the letter ''ǔ.'' The sound resembles the U in "bump"; it's represented by Ъ in the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet.

'''''ruchenitsa''''' 
Bulgarian: a folk dance. The ''u'' represents the "uh" sound.

'''St. Tryphon's Day''' 
St. Tryphon or Trypho is the protector of fields. Feast day is Feb. 1 in the Orthodox calendar; at the time of the action the western and eastern calendars had drifted 12 or 13 days apart, throwing the Gregorian (western) date toward mid-February.

==Page 947==

'''Dimyat''' 
Bulgarian wine made from grapes grown near the Black Sea coast.

'''Misket''' 
Muscatel wine.

'''May, I think''' 
1912. The date gets pegged a few pages further on.

'''Kazanlâk''' 
Central Bulgaria, south slope of Stara Planina range, halfway between Plovdiv and Veliko Târnovo.

'''Rozovata Dolina''' 
Bulgarian: rose valley. The Dimitrov Dam (completed in 1955, so not yet in existence at this point in AtD) may have filled part of the valley with a reservoir. Mild confusion: The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Valley%2C_Bulgaria Wikipedia entry] gives the Bulgarian name as ''Rosova dolina.''

'''between the Balkan range and the Sredna Gora''' 
Mountain ranges running east-west across Bulgaria, the Balkan (Stara Planina) to the north. ''Stara Planina'' = Old Range, ''Sredna Gora'' = Central Mountains.

This is, in fact, Eastern Rumelia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Rumelia].

'''''mutri''''' 
Bulgarian, literally: mugs, wry faces.

==Page 948==

'''Petrich''' 
Extreme southwestern Bulgaria, near the Bulgaria/Greece/Macedonia triple point.

'''on Macedonian border''' 
Today's maps reflect another century of boundary fights and negotiations. Petrich is not right on the present border, for example.

'''between Plovdiv and Petrich''' 
Southwest quarter of Bulgaria.

'''the music stopped two years ago''' 
I.e., in 1910.

==Page 949==

'''called out to, by their diminutives''' 
You can make a list of "nicknames" from most any Slavic name. In Russian, for example, ''Aleksandr'' is informally called Alyosha, Sasha, Sashenka, etc. The irregulars are boys from the neighborhood and get addressed as such.

'''crossing ''R. damascena'' with ''R. alba''''' 
Species of roses. The species most used in attar-making is ''Rosa damascena.''

==Page 950==

'''named the baby Ljubica''' 
Serbo-Croatian: violet (the flower). Commemorating Cyprian's toilette at Carnesalve, I suggest; see pages 881 and 891. '''The name is pronounced LYOO-beet-sah.''' In light of the musical theme, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubica_Mari%C4%87 Ljubica Marić], b. 1909, considered to be one of the most original composers to emerge from Yugoslavia, should be noted.

'''toroidal black iron antenna . . . one of those Tesla rigs''' 
I.e., made to transmit or receive energy wirelessly. 
Sounds like another [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardenclyffe_Tower Wardenclyffe Tower]

==Page 951==

'''''...these are voices of the dead. Edison and Marconi both feel that the syntonic wireless can be developed as a way to communicate with departed spirits.''''' 
According to [http://skepdic.com/evp.html this website], Edison did not rule out this possibility, but what he says does not sound so enthusiastic either. Still this links up with the seance in the Swiss alps. Also interesting: In an article for the ''North American Review'' in June, 1878, Edison lists the recording of "the last words of dying persons" among ten possible uses for his newly invented phonograph. 

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
The Canadian band Rush (see note p. 708, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography]) has a song on the 1981 album ''Moving Pictures'' called ''YYZ'' (Why Yz-les-Bains?). (YYZ is actually the airport code for Toronto, Canada).

'''Mihály Vámos''' 
Hungarian name, but ''vámos'' is also Spanish = go!

'''''Szia, haver''''' 
Hungarian: Hello buddy!

==Page 952==

'''''Zabraneno''''' 
Bulgarian: the forbidden. Same meaning as ''Interdikt.''

'''an attar-factory rep''' 
Attar: a fragrant essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers; attar of roses, a fragrant extract of the petals. And indeed, rose oil is the most important commodity produced in the Rozovata Dolina, with Kazanlak being the trade center for the product.

'''Philippopolis''' 
Philippopolis is now Plovdiv, located 40-50 miles south of the valley. Plovdiv was Philippopolis in 342 B.C., when it was conquered by Philip II of Macedonia and by the 1st century A.D. had undergone 2 more name changes: to Pulpudeva and to Thrimonzium. The name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv Plovdiv] first appeared around 1369.

That brings up an important point. There's all kinds of evidence in ''AtD'' that Pynchon has appropriated history as he found it in contemporary sources. And it's a good bet that much of the published history came from Britain. Writers today like to use "local" names, but that wasn't so in earlier times. The 1911 ''Brittanica,'' for example, has entry after entry under "Henry" for monarchs who went by Heinrich, Henri, Enrique and so forth. This now-unfashionable conservatism, picked up and repeated in ''AtD,'' means we shouldn't expect to see a reference to Sevastopol'; look instead for Sebastopol. Similarly we'd see Budweis instead of České Budějovice if the subject of brewing arose. And Philippopolis follows the pattern.

'''casemate''' 
In a fortification, an armored room or emplacement for artillery. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casemate Wikipedia]

==Page 953==

'''it's only chlorine . . . you get phosgene''' 
Accurate account of the process then used to produce phosgene. Today an activated carbon catalyst replaces the sunlight.

'''''motoros''''' 
Cyclist, biker, referring here to Mihaly Vamos.

'''light is..the destructive agent''' 
Thematic,of course, when non-natural light is created....studies back to
'city illumination'. Cf. Telluride chapter.

'''Fear in lethal form''' 
This is strongly reminiscent of the "Panic fear" (p. 151) unleashed by the Vormance Expedition's digging up of the buried alien - the "incendiary Figure."

'''millions of candles per square inch''' 
Not easily converted to other units of measurement. Since the International Candle was defined as the light output from a specified wax candle, imagine a source emitting as much light as a million candles. Then imagine the sky covered with such sources, one to a square inch. No, it's unimaginably bright—disorienting, blinding, probably scorching. Recalls Olbers' paradox: in an infinite universe, we should see a star in every direction ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olbers%27_paradox wikipedia]; pay attention to the Edgar Allan Poe quotation).

'''Shipka''' 
A very small village in Bulgaria's Central Balkan Mountains, near a mountain pass of strategic importance, which connects northern Bulgaria to Upper Thrace (East Rumelia). It was the site of a battle between the Russian army and the Ottoman Turks in 1877.

'''''Sok szerencsét''''' 
Hungarian: good luck.

==Page 954==

'''Thrace''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace Thrace] is a region in southeast Europe spreading over southern Bulgaria, northwestern Greece, and European Turkey.

'''Varna''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna Varna] is a major seaport of Bulgaria on the Black Sea Coast. It is the third largest city of the country and a primary tourist destination. One of the oldest cities in Europe and site of the alleged world's oldest gold treasure (5th millennium BC radiocarbon dating).

==Page 955==

'''''folie à trois''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folie_%C3%A0_deux ''Folie à deux''] describes delusional behavior displayed by two people; here it's by three. With ''folie à deux'', the crucial point is that the sum is more than the parts: behaviors or actions only occur because of the two people interacting.

'''hebephrenic''' 
Involving delusions, hallucinations, pointless and childish behavior.

'''raptors''' 
birds of prey.

'''Sliven''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliven Sliven] is a town east of Kazanlâk, nearly the geographic center of the country, Bulgaria.

'''the ''Halkata''''' 
Bulgarian ''khalka'': ring. The suffix ''-ta'' is a definite article. An existing formation in Bulgaria [http://noe2002.hit.bg/index1.html pic].

'''Ulitsa Rakovsky''' 
Bulgarian: Rakovsky Street. Georgi Rakovsky (1821-67), Bulgarian freedom fighter.

==Page 956==

'''''krâchma''''' 
Pronounced like CRUTCH-mah. Bulgarian: tavern.

'''Byal Sredets''' 
The [http://www.alibaba.com/catalog/11426692/Bulgarian_Cigarettes.html Sredets or Sredetz] lines of cigarettes are still produced. ''Byal'' just means "white"; Byal Sredets was (speculatively) a sub-brand.

After not too much searching, no cigar(-ettes) but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byala%2C_Varna_Province Byala] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredets Sredets] are towns near Varna, and silly speculation: to a non-Bulgarian English speaker, Byal Sredets, kind of looks like it could sound like "buy all cigarettes," if you pronounce Sredets as sir-e-dets.

:Byala and Sredets are not in [http://www.bulgartabac.bg/l_plants.html major tobacco-growing regions] of Bulgaria. If we have to try parsing the brand name (and we do), ''Sredets'' may refer to the [[ATD_946-975#Page_947|Sredna Gora]] growing region. 
Sredets is the old Bulgarian name of Sofia, and now a municipality within the city.

Byal is also evocative of beyul, Baikal and bi-locale.

Please see [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Binarisms_Discussion Binarisms Discussion] for more on Byal as white on the Black Sea, and other dualities in AtD.

'''''Zdrave . . . kakvo ima?''''' 
Bulgarian: Good health . . . what's the matter?

'''Bogomils''' 
Heretical sect in Balkans with doctrinal links to Cathars and Albigensians. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogomilism Bogomilism]arose out of a combination of pre-Christian Bulgarian gnosticism and a peasant reaction against oppression from the institutional church and state. Essentially anarchist in outlook, it holds that there is a duality in the creation of the world. Social structures derive from Satan, an Angel (of Death ) and eldest child of God, who was sent to Earth. Only things that spring from the human soul are truly good. Therefore, the established church, state and all social heirarchies are undermined. Bogomils refused to pay taxes, to work, or to fight for the state. Anarchism with a theological bent, Bogomilism was popular in Bulgaria and the Balkans from 950 to about 1396.

Much of what is known about the Bogomils comes from the antithetical polemic with the "interesting" name ''Against the Heretics'' written not by St. Cosmas, or Randolph St. Cosmo, but Presbyter Cosmas, also refered to in some places as St. Cosmo (Kozma), a 10th century Bulgarian church official.

Of further note, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bogomils Bogomil propaganda] followed "the mountain chains of central Europe, starting from the Balkans and continuing along the Carpathian Mountains, the Alps and the Pyrenees..." and so might be called, ''The Light Over the Ranges."

'''''Pavlikeni''''' 
Sources differ on the meaning: (1) Bulgarian Catholics; (2) members of a heretical sect with dualist (Manichean) doctrines influenced by beliefs of the Bogomils. Also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulicianism Paulicianism].

Something interesting is going on here. There are two different meanings of the word Pavlikeni which pivot on the date TRP gives in the text, 1650. Originally the Pavlikeni were synonomous with the Bogomils. Churches all over Europe and Russia , Orthodox and Roman, persecuted the sect and this ended in the Balkans only when the Turks conquered the area. So from 950 to about 1389 (430 years!!) they were oppressed. From 1389 to 1650 (300 years more) the Bogomils lived peacefully under the Turks as Pavlikeni (still heretics). Then in 1650 the Roman Church gathered them into its fold. No less than 14 villages in the area embraced Catholicism. Questions: 1) Why did the Pavlikeni all of a sudden "convert" after 700 years (!!) of persecution by The Church? For protection from Turkish oppression? 2) How was this allowed under Turkish rule? 3) Why was the Roman church in a largely Orthodox corner of Europe?

The monastery Cyprian joins is pure Bogomil. It did not convert (sell out?) to Rome in 1650, but continues its heresy.

One more point. It is interesting that in the beginning of AtD (p. 10), TRP writes that stockyard workers were "overwhelmingly of the Roman faith." But here, Cyprian finds redemption from slaughter "there will be no more wars" in the arms of a Bogomil monastery. It appears that TRP is making the very subtle claim that the Church of Rome is not only a party to the great power institutions in history, but like them based on the blood of Christ, cows and the bovine mentality of soulless citizen/laborers. Only those who resist Rome and worldly power structures in general are truly free and they are the ensouled, the heretical, the Anarchist.

Seconded. TRP was raised a Catholic and was said to go to Mass regularly
at Cornell. From V. to AtD, his perspective on historic Catholicism is ...richer(?).... than a "simple" Catholic believer's, at least.

'''Hebrus River . . . Maritza''' 
The Maritza or Maritsa flows west to east, draining Bulgaria between the Stara Planina (Balkan range) and the Rhodopes, then turns south and west to the Aegean Sea. The port at its mouth, in Greece, is called Evros, a name derived from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrus Hebrus].

==Page 957==

'''Manichæans''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_429-459#Page_437 page 437] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M the index at M].

'''Pythagorean ''akousmata''''' 
"Avoid beans." [[A|See explanation in the "A" alphabetical page.]] 

In ''V.'' TRP mentions ''The White Goddess'' by Robert Graves. The Pythagorean mystics, Graves writes, derived their bean aversion from the Pelasgians of Samos (Greece) which puts them in close connection with the Orphic and Druidic.

The flower of the bean is white like a spirit. Beans grow spirally "up its prop" symbolizing resurrection or reincarnation. Ghosts contrived to be reborn as humans by entering into beans and being eaten by women (Pliny mentions this). Eating beans somehow ran the risk of frustrating a dead parent's wish for progeny or rebirth. Beans were also thrown behind one's back to ward of ghosts. 

By contrast, Platonists excused their aversion on the grounds that beans caused flatulence. "Life was breath, and to break wind after eating beans was a proof that one had eaten a living soul -- in Greek and Latin the same words, ''pneuma'' and ''anima''," words that also meant gust of wind, breath, soul, spirit. Can wind have a spiritual significance in AtD?

:Does this give a twist to the meaning of Chicago as "The Windy City" at the beginning of the book -- Chicago as the "City of the Dead," especially as the cattle drives are pictured as being a gradual reduction of choice and freedom that ends in the Cartesian grid of the city and finally the killing-floor of the slaughterhouse?

Graves goes on to say that the bean belonged to the "White Goddess" who he identified with the Roman goddess Cranaë, the 'harsh or stony one,' a Greek surname of the Goddess Artemis. Artemis owned a hill-temple near Delphi in which the office of priest was always held by a boy for a five year term, and a cypress-grove, the Cranaeum, just outside Corinth. Cranaë is etymologically related to the Gaelic 'cairn' -- a pile of stones erected on a mountain-top. Can Cyprian be related to the cypress grove and to Artemis, the barren goddess?

A further note, on p. 17, Chick Counterfly recounts the schemes he and his father worked in order to keep beans in the pot. They are bean-eating worldly men vs. the other-worldly non-eaters of T.W.I.T. and the Bogomils.

'''hegumen''' 

In the Greek Orthodox Church, head of a religious community. (And, silly aside, legumen, in Latin, means bean).

'''Tetractys''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_219|page 219: Tetractys]].

'''Zalmoxis''' 
This passage could almost have been drawn from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxis Wikipedia entry.]

'''Krâstova Gora''' 
Bulgarian: name of a mountain or range. [http://www.discover-bulgaria.com/Articles.aspx?ProductID=268&CategoryID=0&pg=3&srchString= Krâstova Gora] means "Mountain (or Forest) of the Cross" and is in the Rhodopes. The monk Grigorii, known as “the Rhodopean Paisii”, has named in his sermons the Central Rhodopes as the “Mountain of the Cross” or “Forest of the Cross”. The Russian Paisi is mentioned on [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_892-918#Page_904 page 904].

Is this sentence the orphan of some narrative that's been cut? Disclosure of the baby's sex is on p. 949 and has neither a mountain nor a church in it.

'''narthex''' 
Lobby or portico of a church.

==Page 958==

'''sympathetic spirits who had dug spaces beneath their own precarious dwellings to harbor her for a night or two at a time''' 
Compare the annotations on ''stranniki'' and ''podpol'niki'' [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|(page 663).]]

'''Bernadette o' Lourdes''' 
young woman who is reputed to have seen visions of the Mother of the Divine at Lourdes in France. See Wikipedia.

==Page 959==

'''Oh, there won't be any war''' 
Cyprian's self-discovered religiousness seems to make him overly optimistic--blind--to historical reality.

'''σχημα''' 
In English, ''schema.''

'''Νυξ''' 
In English, ''Nux'' or ''Nyx.'' cf Brides of Night below.

'''Talking, for women, is a form of breathing''' 
Compare p. 501: "a hundred women . . . all silent." Tying Noellyn/Yashmeen to Cyprian?

'''What is it that is born of light?''' 
Cyprian trying to make sense of his epiphany on page 953. 
Phosgene. 
Nicene Creed, "light of light, true God of true God, begotten not made"

==Page 960==

'''Hesychasts''' 
Contemplative hermits in Orthodox Church; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesychasts see Wikipedia entry.]
From the concise Brittanica: Hesychasm
in Eastern Christianity, type of monastic life in which practitioners seek divine quietness (Greek hesychia) through the contemplation of God in uninterrupted prayer. Such prayer, involving the entire human being—soul, mind, and body—is often called “pure,” or “intellectual,” prayer or the Jesus prayer. St. John Climacus, one of the greatest writers of the Hesychast tradition, wrote, “Let the remembrance of Jesus be present with each breath, and then you will know the value of the hesychia.” In the late 13th century, St. Nicephorus the Hesychast produced an even more precise “method of prayer,” advising novices to fix their eyes during prayer on the “middle of the body,” in order to achieve a more total attention, and to “attach the prayer to their breathing.” This practice was violently attacked in the first half of the 14th century by Barlaam the Calabrian, who called the Hesychasts omphalopsychoi, or people having their souls in their navels.

The Hesychast usually experiences the contemplation of God as light, the Uncreated Light of the theology of St Gregory Palamas. The Uncreated Light that the Hesychast experiences is identified with the Holy Spirit. Experiences of the Uncreated Light are allied to the 'acquisition of the Holy Spirit'. Orthodox Tradition warns against seeking ecstasy as an end in itself. Hesychasm is a traditional complex of ascetical practices embedded in the doctrine and practice of the Orthodox Church and intended to purify the member of the Orthodox Church and to make him ready for an encounter with God that comes to him when and if God wants, through God's Grace (note earlier mention of an "anti-Grace"). Very different from attainment of Nirvana.

'''Transfiguration of Christ''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus Transfiguration].

'''''There came a cloud and overshadowed them''''' 
Luke 9.34.

'''''omphalopsychoi''''' 
see above. "Hesychasts condemned as "having their souls in their navel".

'''Shekhinah''' 
The Kabbala calls this Spirit, Shekkinah, which, according to Harold Bloom, refers to the "feminine element in Yahweh." Shekkinah is God's maternal nature, Mother God, who broods over the Earth searching for and gathering the world's orphans and outcasts under her wings. 
The author of Genesis tells us this Spirit hovered over the earth before creation. That which dwells, that which abides.

'''shiny black accoutrements''' 
[[ATD_678-694#Page_678|See the delicious annotation to page 678.]]

'''Cosmas of Jerusalem''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Cosmas See the concise Wikipedia article.]

==Page 961==

'''metempsychosis''' 
Habitation by a soul of a different (or new) body; non-Orthodox concept related to reincarnation.

'''[i]f self-similarity proves to be a built-in property of the universe''' 
As it does seem to be. Example: a map of streams draining the side of a mountain is similar (though on a different scale) to a map of rivers draining half a continent.
:any mountain,any continent? 
:Um, no, it was an inexact statement, wasn't it. ''In a fairly broad sense,'' the way rivers join to form larger and larger streams is mirrored by the way tiny erosion channels join to form larger and larger gullies. Of course there's some continent that doesn't follow the pattern (Antarctica at present a pretty fair instance), and some mountain too (though I don't think of one offhand), but self-similarity is a widely encountered behavior. 
Moon and electron and sleep, death as text examples, are 'universe(al)' analogies.
:That is very much to the point, but self-similarity is stronger than analogy. "As above, so below" covers analogies but also behaviors at different scales that follow from common causes.

'''Brides of Night''' 
A name (used by whom?) of the order Cyprian seeks to join. 
This 'order' seems to be a creation of Pynchon's, an important metaphorical one. In Hesychasism, massive humility is stressed, as is the
linked notion that God is light and can never be known (not even after the Beatific Vision). So, a Bride of Night is a humble 'nun' who is married to the darkness of the Unknown God. 

A thought: The Brides of Night (in white robes?) is a religious parody of those "Riders of Night" in white robes who appear from time to time in the novel, viz., the Ku Klux Klan. And whereas Cyprian fleeing the world finds asylum with the Brides of Night; Chick Counterfly fleeing the riders of the night finds asylum with the Chums of Chance.

Cf: p. 959 regarding the Orthodox schema of initiation and nyx. 
This is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_negativa ''Via Negativa''] or Apophathic theology which seeks to describe God by negation, by what cannot be said or ascribed to God. Hesychast Gregory Palamas followed this path as did many Eastern Christian fathers. Before them it can be found in Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hesiod and Plotinus. Indeed the theogony of Nyx given on p.959 is almost directly from Hesiod, where chaos is likened to anarchos. The via negativa is a mainstay of Christian mysticism (The Cloud of Unknowing, Dark Night of the Soul, Meister Eckart); Vedanta (Upanishads) "neti, neti"; Buddhism -- anatta, nirvana; Taoism -- the uncarved block, "the way that can be spoken is not the true way," empty but inexhaustible; and Islam -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi Shurarwardi], who speaks of the pure immaterial light, the luminous darkness.

==Page 962==

'''don't look back . . . or he'll take you below . . . down to America''' 
Orpheus and Eurydice again. And Lot and his wife, from Book 2.

'''And Cyprian was taken behind a great echoless door''' 
Cyprian's final transcendence of desire—which at one point we might have taken as a ''renunciation'' of desire—prompts a review of how desire itself has been presented in ''AtD.'' See text and annotations:
*Harald the Ruthless learns about desire and the forsaking of desire, [[ATD_119-148#Page_127|p. 127]]
*Scarsdale Vibe experiences a kind of desire for Kit, [[ATD_149-170#Page_158|p. 158]]
*Contemplating Yashmeen's neck, Cyprian experiences desire "of rather a specialized sort," [[ATD_489-524#Page_499|p. 499]]
*"Unreflective desire" rules Cyprian's days on the Lagoon, [[ATD_695-723#Page_708|p. 708]]
*Aspects of desire, or rather his responses to it, define Auberon Halfcourt's "two creatures resident within the same life," [[ATD_748-767#Page_759|759]]
*Cyprian first experiences a "release from desire," [[ATD_821-848#Page_839|p. 839]]
*Cyprian displays an "appetite for sexual abasement" with "a religious surrender of the self"; Yashmeen sees salvation in his surrender, [[ATD_864-891#Page_876|pp. 876-77]]
*Cyprian's transcendence of desire will be Yashmeen's reprieve from "political forms" and "utopian dreams," [[ATD_919-945#Page_942|p. 942]]

==Page 963==

'''Plain of Thrace . . . Rhodopes . . . Pirin range''' 
From the convent/castle around Sliven in the Stara Planina or Sredna Gora, south across the Maritsa valley, southwest across the Rhodope mountain range, southwest through the higher Pirins. Close to the present Bulgarian-Greek-Macedonian borders, on a generally southwestward track to the southwest corner of Bulgaria.

'''To move through it would be to struggle against time...''' 
Time and Light are linked by Relativity Theory. According to the equations, as an object approaches the speed of light, time dilates. The speed of light cannot be exceeded; time speeds up to accomodate any such attempt. (Doesn't time slow down? I.e., from the point of view of an observer not on the speeding object, doesn't a clock on the object run slow?) This has nothing directly to do with the ''brightness'' of the light, however; light of whatever intensity travels at the same speed.

'''In mid-October . . . invaded Macedonia''' 
1912, First Balkan War. The text does not mention Montenegro, which was active as well. Insofar as war aims played any role, everybody aimed to get Turkey out of the Balkans, but there was little unity beyond that. 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Balkan_War The First Balkan War] (1912-1913) was fought between the members of the Balkan League—Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro—and the Ottoman Empire. The league was formed under Russian auspices in the spring of 1912 to take Macedonia away from Turkey. Montenegro opened hostilities with Turkey on October 8, 1912 and the other members of the league delcared war on October 18. The Ottoman's army collapsed and disintegrated in first two months' fighting. The war officially ended with the signing in London on May 30, 1913 a peace treaty in which the Ottoman Empire lost almost all of its European territory including all of Macedonia and Albania—Macedonia was divided between Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece; Albania was declared independent.

'''. . . by the twenty-second, fighting between Bulgarians and Turks was heavy around Kumanovo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumanovo Kumanovo] is located in northern Macedonia near present-day border with Serbia, about 15 miles northeast of Skopje, the capital of the country.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo The Battle of Kumanovo] (October 23-24, 1912) was a major battle of the First Balkan War. After the outbreak of hostilities, three Serbian Armies, from left to right the 3rd, 1st and 2nd, advanced southwards towards Skopje. They defeated the Ottoman's 7th and 6th corps at Kumanovo in two day's fighting. The Ottoman's armies retreated 50 miles southwards all the way to Prilep, and the Serbians entered Skopje on October 26 without a fight. 

'''Adrianople''' 
Now called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edirne Edirne]. It is situated at the westernmost part of Turkey, at the present-day Turkish-Greek frontier near the Turkey/Greece/Bulgaria triple point.

'''''mehana''''' 
Mehana is Serbian and Bulgarian for the Turkish word [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehana meyhane].

'''from Philippopolis . . . Adrianople''' 
From Plovdiv southeastward down the Maritsa to Adrianople (now called Edirne).

'''Ivanoff's Second Army''' 
General Nikola Ivanov's Second Army of Bulgaria advanced from Philippopolis southeastwards to Adrianople along the Maritsa river.

==Page 964==

'''west through Strumica and Valandovo . . . the Vardar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumica Strumica] is in the southeast of present-day Macedonia; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valandovo Valandovo] is about 8 miles to the southwest. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardar Vardar], passing by near Valandovo, is the major river of Macedonia, flowing north to south more or less.

'''the Tikveš wine country''' 
A plain in the center of present-day Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikve%C5%A1 Wikipedia]

'''Monastir''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitola Bitola] in southwest Macedonia.

'''becoming a popular, perhaps someday a national, delusion.''' 
That is, if these Turkish provinces can become nations, these horrors can be cleansed to become the national foundation myth. Nations based on ethnic division was in fact the basis for the peace settlements ending World War I.

'''between Veles and Prilep''' 
In central Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veles_%28city%29 Veles] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prilep Prilep]

==Page 965==

'''by way of Kičevo and Prilep''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Devo Kičevo] is in western present-day Macedonia, Prilep more in the middle. Two Serbian columns?

'''Babuna Pass''' 
North of Prilep.

'''Russian Madsen guns and . . . Montenegrin Rexers''' 
They refer to [http://www.landships.freeservers.com/new_pages/madsen_mg_info.htm Danish Madsen light machine guns].

'''Howitzer''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howitzer Wikipedia entry]

'''"Once they get their line and length," she said''' 
A very good cricket joke by Yashmeen. Effective bowling requires the ball to be directed on the "line" of the stumps defended by the batsman, and not wide on either side. The ball must hit the pitch (the ground) in front of the batsman "on a good length", ie not too short or too full, because such deliveries can be hit more easily. Reef is either very sharp, or played cricket in Colorado.

==Page 966==

'''I Zingari''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: I.Z.]] 
I Zingari (from the Italian for "the gypsies") is an English amateur cricket club which was formed on 4 July 1845, by a very aristocratic parentage. Also known as IZ, I Zingari is a wandering (or nomadic) club, having no home ground. Its club colours are black, red and gold, symbolizing the motto "out of darkness, through fire, into light"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Zingari]. The colors, therefore, are the anarchist Red and Black, plus gold. "Out of darkness, through fire, into light" could be the motto of every seeker in AtD, and certainly applies to Yasmeen at the present moment.

==Page 967==

'''Sarakatsàni''' 
Not a place but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarakatsani a people], Greek-speaking nomadic shepherds across the Southern Balkans well beyond the present-day borders of Greece.

'''Bukovo Pass''' 
??? Here's a [http://outdoors.webshots.com/photo/2110787010065488803qeBkDg map] with the pass and Ohrid.

'''down into Ohrid''' 
Extreme southwest of present-day Macedonia, by Lake Ohrid, a bordering lake shared between Macedonia and Albania.

'''Liman von Sanders''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Liman_von_Sanders Otto Liman von Sanders] (1855-1929), German advisor to Turkish military. In overall command of Turkish victories at the Dardanelles in 1915. Remember the earlier discussion about English and Russian fears of German influences in the Ottoman Empire, especially re the Berlin/ Baghdad railway.

'''But now the Serbs knew they could beat them''' 
A fatal conclusion, contributing to the recklessness of Serbian nationalism, and intransigence in the face of Ausrtrian demands in the wake of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. Serbia suffered terrible reverses in World War I.

==Page 968==

'''Sveti Naum''' 
Macedonian: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Naum St. Naum]. Large monastery on the lakefront south of Ohrid.

'''the defeat at Monastir''' 
The Serbian army decisively defeated the Ottoman army at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bitola Battle of Bitola] (Monastir) November 16-19, 1912.

'''Yanina''' 
Now Ioánnina, in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_%28region%29 Epirus] province of present-day Greece, about 60 miles east of the Corfu island. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina Ioannina], about 270 miles northwest of Athens, is located in the western Greece 25 miles from the Albanian border.

'''Pogradeci, on the road to Korça''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogradeci Pogradec], Albania, across the lake from Ohrid, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB Korcë], 20 miles south of Pogradeci, southeastern Albania near present-day Greek border.

==Page 969==

'''Erseka''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erseka Ersekë], southeastern Albania near the Greek border, 20 miles south of Korca.

'''Gramoz Range . . . Pindus''' 
Grámmos on present-day maps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindus Pindus] range runs mainly north-south in northwestern Greece; the [http://www.gtp.gr/LocPage.asp?Id=60639 Grámmos] range marks the boundary of Greece and Albania (and also the boundary between two Greek provinces, one of them named Macedonia).

'''šarplaninec''' 
Or šarplaninac. Named for the Šar Planina mountain range. It's a largeish working breed. Compare the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0arplaninac Wikipedia article] with the description of Kseniya's temperament.

'''Kseniya''' 
The name (here in Macedonian form; elsewhere Xenia) means "guest, stranger."

==Page 970==

'''''tungjatjeta''''' 
Albanian: hello! Literally: "may you have a long life" 

'''Gras''' 
1874 French rifle.

'''''një rosë vdekuri''''' 
Albanian: "What we call a rose"...Allusion to Juliet's line from Romeo & Juliet: "that what we call a rose/ by any other name would smell as sweet"

'''''Vëlla''''' 
Albanian: brother

'''Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin''' 
The most important of the hereditary codes of conduct that shape the inter-generational behavior of the rural Albanians that make up the overwhelming majority of the Kosovar population. The Kanun of Lek Dukagin probably emerged in the 15th Century but was not even written down until the 19th Century. The foundation of the Kanun is the concept of personal honor and at the center of its laws is the blood feud, a complicated system of vendettas aimed at obtaining satisfaction ''vis a vis'' punishment. There are four major offenses to personal honor under the Kanun:

#calling a man a liar in front of other men;
#insulting his wife;
#taking his weapons; and
#violating his hospitality.

These offenses are not paid for in property or by fines but by the spilling of blood or by a magnanimous pardon.

From [http://www.d-n-i.net/fcs/comments/c339.htm Balkan Primer (X) - Blood Feuds, Kanuns, and American Policy]

==Page 971==

'''rakia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakia Rakia] is a hard liquor similar to brandy.

'''''Gëzuar!''''' 
Albanian: Cheers!

'''Tosk''' 
Principal [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian southern dialect] of Albanian, basis of the literary language.

'''Përmeti''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrmet Përmet] on present-day maps, 20 miles southwest of Erseke.

'''Gjirokastra''' 
Argyrokastron on old maps, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr Gjirokastër] on new ones, 20 miles soutwest of Permeti near the south end of Albania; about 15 miles from the Adriatic coast.

'''Vjosa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjosa Vijosë] on present-day maps. The Vijose river flows through Permeti northwestwards to the Adriatic Sea.

==Page 972==

'''There was a cease-fire in effect now among all parties except for Greece, still trying to take Yanina''' 
In less than two months since the First Balkan War started on October 8, 1912 the Ottoman's army was totally defeated losing Salonica, Albania, Epirus, Macedonia and Thrace to its opponents and Adrianople was under siege since November 17. An armistice was signed between Bulgaria (Serbia and Montenegro) and Turkey on December 3. Greece continued the war alone, aiming to capture Ioannina. In the Battle of Bizani, February 20-21, 1913 Greece defeated the last Ottoman army ever to enter Macedonia and Epirus and took Ioannina.

'''Muzina Pass''' 
In Southern Albania it is 572 meters high.It connects Sarande [below] with the Drinos Valley. Wikipedia, German edition.
[[Image:corfu.jpg|thumb|Corfu harbor ca. 1890|right]]
'''Agli Saranta''' 
Present-day maps identify this Albanian Riviera town as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarand%C3%AB Sarandë], located between high mountains and the Ionian Sea facing Greek island of Corfu.

'''Corfu''' 
Western Greek island off the Greek/Albanian coast. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu Corfu],a 40-mile long island, is separated from Albania by straits varying in breadth from 2 to 25 miles. The principal town of the island, located in the east-central side of island facing Greece mainland, is also named ''Corfu''. Mt Pantokrator, a 3000-ft mountain in north-eastern Corfu, is the highest on the island—at its summit the whole island as well as Albania can be seen. Corfu island's turbulent history is full of battles and conquests; for example, between 1386 to 1797 it was under Venetian protection, in 1800s under French and the British from 1815, and it unified with Greece only as late as 1864. The 1981 James Bond movie ''For Your Eyes Only'' was filmed in Corfu.

'''Pantokratoras''' 
South of Mouzaki, Greece. Famous for Byzantine icon screens.
:Mouzaki and [http://www.zanteguru.com/places/pantokratoras.html Pantokratoras] are villages in Zante island, the last large Ionian Island down the Greek coast 80 miles south from Corfu island. The fishing boat traveling from Sarande to Corfu will not detour to Zante island first. 
Pantokratoras here refers to Mt Pantokrator (see ''Corfu'' above), a mountain in the northeast part of Corfu island, any boat traveling from Albanian town to the town of Corfu has to pass it.

'''St. Spiridion''' 
[http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/SaintsAlive/id648.htm St. Spiridion]

'''XI''' 
Eleven: a cricket team.

'''Lefkas''' 
Or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefkas Levkás], Leucas or Lefkada, the next sizable Ionian Island down the Greek coast from Corfu. Corinth and Lefkás were allies in the Peloponnesian War. Lefkás later was the capital of the Acarnanian League (3d cent. B.C.). The island was captured (1697) from the Ottoman Turks by Venice, which held it until 1797. There are ruins of Cyclopean walls and a temple to Apollo Leukates. Sappho is said, probably falsely, to have committed suicide by plunging into the sea from a cliff of the island. Lefkás is also known as Santa Maura. Columbia Encyclopedia.

'''demotic''' 
[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/demotic demotic]

==Page 973==

'''hot-pepper salamis''' 
are often paired with fragrant bunches of oregano. The hot pepper is present in salamis as well. They are big and red or as in the typical soppressata version, have a squashed shape due to their ageing under weights.

'''the Compassionate''' 
Yashmeen, Auberon and "the Compassionate" have come together before. On page 749 she wrote to him of her dream:
:We ascended, or rather, we were taken aloft, as if in mechanical rapture, to a great skyborne town and a small band of serious young people, dedicated to resisting death and tyranny, whom I understood at once to be the Compassionate.

Speculation: The Chums of Chance = The Compassionate = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes (Furies)?

'''the Esplanade''' 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli02.html#11 The Esplanade] is famed as "the largest square in the Balkans". Beginning in 1576 for 12 years, the houses huddled around the gate of a fortress was being demolished to allow the defenders a better view over the area leaving a great space which the French later planted with trees and today forms the Espalnde Square.

'''fiacre''' 
A small hackney carriage. [French, after the Hôtel de Saint Fiacre in Paris.]

'''Durazzo''' 
Now Durrës, Albania, nearest coastal city to the capital, Tiranë. It will be more than 100 miles north of Corfu.

'''casus belli''' 
An occasion or cause for war.

'''ouzo''' 
a colorless anise-flavored Greek liqueur. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouzo Wikipedia]

==Page 974==

'''Volodya''' 
Diminutive form of ''Vladimir.'' Not Colonel Prokladka.

'''a transaction in jade''' 
Bought/got jade low, sold high. 
You have to wonder if Aubrey didn't make his profit on a stolen gem, [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|such as an idol's eye.]]

'''one of those turns''' 
. . . And aren't there a lot of them through here.

==Page 975==

'''Garitsa''' 
Latitude 39.6139 Longitude 19.9197 Altitude (feet) 3
Lat (DMS) 39° 36' 50N Long (DMS) 19° 55' 11E Altitude (meters) 0 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli03.html#30 A suburb of Corfu by the Garitsa Bay] with a handsome, tree-lined coastal road with neo-Classical buildings on one side and the Garitsa Bay on the other; and a narrow tree-filled park where local taverns and grillrooms set out their tables under the trees.

'''Leadville Fan-Tan''' 
A card game, played no doubt in the gambling halls of Leadville, Colorado. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan#The_Card_Game_Fantan Wikipedia entry].

'''leptas''' 
Bastard plural of ''lepton'' (Greek = a low-denomination coin). Plural in Greek is ''lepta.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_lepton Wikipedia]

'''tsingarelli''' 
???

'''polenta''' 
Originally Italian; dish similar to cornmeal mush. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenta Wikipedia]

'''yaprakia''' 
Stuffed grape leaves (similar to dolmathes). [http://www.greek-recipe.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article169 recipe and pic]

'''stoufado''' 
Possibly an alternative spelling of ''stifado'' (Greek = beef and onion stew)? Apparently it is an Italian spelling, as stoufado appears on this [http://www.pietroizzo.com/contacts/pi_7/2004/2004_23.html page] (which is written in Italian) in the sentence starting with "La cucina greca" (Greek cuisine).

'''Mavrodaphne''' 
Red fortified wine made in the Achaia region of Greece. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavrodaphne Wikipedia]

'''Hrisoula''' 
The cat bears the name of King Yrjö's wife (GR 119).

'''''rembetika''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rembetika Rembetika]: the songs of the Greek underground, sung by the so-called rebetes (Greek: ρεμπέτης). Rebetes were unconventional people who lived outside the social order. They first appeared after the Greek War of Independence of 1821.

'''''karsilamas''''' 
[http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/dances/karsilam.htm a traditional Greek dance]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

User:Phidre

2007-07-27T14:15:43Z

Phidre: New page: Hi, I'm a Berlin student and have been a Pynchon fan for several years. I'm just doing a bachelor paper on ''Against the day'' now. Please excuse possible misusage of the English language...

Hi, I'm a Berlin student and have been a Pynchon fan for several years. I'm just doing a bachelor paper on ''Against the day'' now. Please excuse possible misusage of the English language. ---Philipp

ATD 946-975

2007-07-27T13:54:20Z

Phidre: /* Page 951 */Edison, voices of the dead

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 946==

'''Orpheus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Wikipedia] entry for Orpheus, click on Death of Eurydice when you get there.

'''Young woman, there is money everywhere''' 
Even this spiritual expedition has an accountant. 
Also, Pluto, Lord of the Underworld - with all its mineral wealth - is the original plutocrat.

'''''Interdikt'' line''' 
That horizontal line on the map again.

'''Veliko Târnovo''' 
North central Bulgaria on north side of Stara Planina range. Just for Bulgarian Pynchon uses at least two transliteration systems; where you see the letter ''â'' in this system, another will have ''u.'' Present-day transliteration from Bulgarian uses the letter ''ǔ.'' The sound resembles the U in "bump"; it's represented by Ъ in the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet.

'''''ruchenitsa''''' 
Bulgarian: a folk dance. The ''u'' represents the "uh" sound.

'''St. Tryphon's Day''' 
St. Tryphon or Trypho is the protector of fields. Feast day is Feb. 1 in the Orthodox calendar; at the time of the action the western and eastern calendars had drifted 12 or 13 days apart, throwing the Gregorian (western) date toward mid-February.

==Page 947==

'''Dimyat''' 
Bulgarian wine made from grapes grown near the Black Sea coast.

'''Misket''' 
Muscatel wine.

'''May, I think''' 
1912. The date gets pegged a few pages further on.

'''Kazanlâk''' 
Central Bulgaria, south slope of Stara Planina range, halfway between Plovdiv and Veliko Târnovo.

'''Rozovata Dolina''' 
Bulgarian: rose valley. The Dimitrov Dam (completed in 1955, so not yet in existence at this point in AtD) may have filled part of the valley with a reservoir. Mild confusion: The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Valley%2C_Bulgaria Wikipedia entry] gives the Bulgarian name as ''Rosova dolina.''

'''between the Balkan range and the Sredna Gora''' 
Mountain ranges running east-west across Bulgaria, the Balkan (Stara Planina) to the north. ''Stara Planina'' = Old Range, ''Sredna Gora'' = Central Mountains.

This is, in fact, Eastern Rumelia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Rumelia].

'''''mutri''''' 
Bulgarian, literally: mugs, wry faces.

==Page 948==

'''Petrich''' 
Extreme southwestern Bulgaria, near the Bulgaria/Greece/Macedonia triple point.

'''on Macedonian border''' 
Today's maps reflect another century of boundary fights and negotiations. Petrich is not right on the present border, for example.

'''between Plovdiv and Petrich''' 
Southwest quarter of Bulgaria.

'''the music stopped two years ago''' 
I.e., in 1910.

==Page 949==

'''called out to, by their diminutives''' 
You can make a list of "nicknames" from most any Slavic name. In Russian, for example, ''Aleksandr'' is informally called Alyosha, Sasha, Sashenka, etc. The irregulars are boys from the neighborhood and get addressed as such.

'''crossing ''R. damascena'' with ''R. alba''''' 
Species of roses. The species most used in attar-making is ''Rosa damascena.''

==Page 950==

'''named the baby Ljubica''' 
Serbo-Croatian: violet (the flower). Commemorating Cyprian's toilette at Carnesalve, I suggest; see pages 881 and 891. '''The name is pronounced LYOO-beet-sah.''' In light of the musical theme, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubica_Mari%C4%87 Ljubica Marić], b. 1909, considered to be one of the most original composers to emerge from Yugoslavia, should be noted.

'''toroidal black iron antenna . . . one of those Tesla rigs''' 
I.e., made to transmit or receive energy wirelessly. 
Sounds like another [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardenclyffe_Tower Wardenclyffe Tower]

==Page 951==

'''''...these are voices of the dead. Edison and Marconi both feel that the syntonic wireless can be developed as a way to communicate with departed spirits.''''' 
According to [http://skepdic.com/evp.html this website], Edison did not rule out this possibility, but what he says does not sound so enthusiastic either. Still this links up with the seance in the Swiss alps. Also interesting: In an article for the ''North American Review'' in June, 1878, Edison lists the recording of "the last words of dying persons" among ten possible uses for his newly invented phonograph. 

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
The Canadian band Rush (see note p. 708, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography]) has a song on the 1981 album ''Moving Pictures'' called ''YYZ'' (Why Yz-les-Bains?). (YYZ is actually the airport code for Toronto, Canada).

'''Mihály Vámos''' 
Hungarian name, but ''vámos'' is also Spanish = go!

'''''Szia, haver''''' 
Hungarian: Hello buddy!

==Page 952==

'''''Zabraneno''''' 
Bulgarian: the forbidden. Same meaning as ''Interdikt.''

'''an attar-factory rep''' 
Attar: a fragrant essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers; attar of roses, a fragrant extract of the petals. And indeed, rose oil is the most important commodity produced in the Rozovata Dolina, with Kazanlak being the trade center for the product.

'''Philippopolis''' 
Philippopolis is now Plovdiv, located 40-50 miles south of the valley. Plovdiv was Philippopolis in 342 B.C., when it was conquered by Philip II of Macedonia and by the 1st century A.D. had undergone 2 more name changes: to Pulpudeva and to Thrimonzium. The name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv Plovdiv] first appeared around 1369.

That brings up an important point. There's all kinds of evidence in ''AtD'' that Pynchon has appropriated history as he found it in contemporary sources. And it's a good bet that much of the published history came from Britain. Writers today like to use "local" names, but that wasn't so in earlier times. The 1911 ''Brittanica,'' for example, has entry after entry under "Henry" for monarchs who went by Heinrich, Henri, Enrique and so forth. This now-unfashionable conservatism, picked up and repeated in ''AtD,'' means we shouldn't expect to see a reference to Sevastopol'; look instead for Sebastopol. Similarly we'd see Budweis instead of České Budějovice if the subject of brewing arose. And Philippopolis follows the pattern.

'''casemate''' 
In a fortification, an armored room or emplacement for artillery. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casemate Wikipedia]

==Page 953==

'''it's only chlorine . . . you get phosgene''' 
Accurate account of the process then used to produce phosgene. Today an activated carbon catalyst replaces the sunlight.

'''''motoros''''' 
Cyclist, biker, referring here to Mihaly Vamos.

'''light is..the destructive agent''' 
Thematic,of course, when non-natural light is created....studies back to
'city illumination'. Cf. Telluride chapter.

'''Fear in lethal form''' 
This is strongly reminiscent of the "Panic fear" (p. 151) unleashed by the Vormance Expedition's digging up of the buried alien - the "incendiary Figure."

'''millions of candles per square inch''' 
Not easily converted to other units of measurement. Since the International Candle was defined as the light output from a specified wax candle, imagine a source emitting as much light as a million candles. Then imagine the sky covered with such sources, one to a square inch. No, it's unimaginably bright—disorienting, blinding, probably scorching. Recalls Olbers' paradox: in an infinite universe, we should see a star in every direction ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olbers%27_paradox wikipedia]; pay attention to the Edgar Allan Poe quotation).

'''Shipka''' 
A very small village in Bulgaria's Central Balkan Mountains, near a mountain pass of strategic importance, which connects northern Bulgaria to Upper Thrace (East Rumelia). It was the site of a battle between the Russian army and the Ottoman Turks in 1877.

'''''Sok szerencsét''''' 
Hungarian: good luck.

==Page 954==

'''Thrace''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace Thrace] is a region in southeast Europe spreading over southern Bulgaria, northwestern Greece, and European Turkey.

'''Varna''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna Varna] is a major seaport of Bulgaria on the Black Sea Coast. It is the third largest city of the country and a primary tourist destination. One of the oldest cities in Europe and site of the alleged world's oldest gold treasure (5th millennium BC radiocarbon dating).

==Page 955==

'''''folie à trois''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folie_%C3%A0_deux ''Folie à deux''] describes delusional behavior displayed by two people; here it's by three. With ''folie à deux'', the crucial point is that the sum is more than the parts: behaviors or actions only occur because of the two people interacting.

'''hebephrenic''' 
Involving delusions, hallucinations, pointless and childish behavior.

'''raptors''' 
birds of prey.

'''Sliven''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliven Sliven] is a town east of Kazanlâk, nearly the geographic center of the country, Bulgaria.

'''the ''Halkata''''' 
Bulgarian ''khalka'': ring. The suffix ''-ta'' is a definite article. An existing formation in Bulgaria [http://noe2002.hit.bg/index1.html pic].

'''Ulitsa Rakovsky''' 
Bulgarian: Rakovsky Street. Georgi Rakovsky (1821-67), Bulgarian freedom fighter.

==Page 956==

'''''krâchma''''' 
Pronounced like CRUTCH-mah. Bulgarian: tavern.

'''Byal Sredets''' 
The [http://www.alibaba.com/catalog/11426692/Bulgarian_Cigarettes.html Sredets or Sredetz] lines of cigarettes are still produced. ''Byal'' just means "white"; Byal Sredets was (speculatively) a sub-brand.

After not too much searching, no cigar(-ettes) but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byala%2C_Varna_Province Byala] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredets Sredets] are towns near Varna, and silly speculation: to a non-Bulgarian English speaker, Byal Sredets, kind of looks like it could sound like "buy all cigarettes," if you pronounce Sredets as sir-e-dets.

:Byala and Sredets are not in [http://www.bulgartabac.bg/l_plants.html major tobacco-growing regions] of Bulgaria. If we have to try parsing the brand name (and we do), ''Sredets'' may refer to the [[ATD_946-975#Page_947|Sredna Gora]] growing region. 
Sredets is the old Bulgarian name of Sofia, and now a municipality within the city.

Byal is also evocative of beyul, Baikal and bi-locale.

Please see [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Binarisms_Discussion Binarisms Discussion] for more on Byal as white on the Black Sea, and other dualities in AtD.

'''''Zdrave . . . kakvo ima?''''' 
Bulgarian: Good health . . . what's the matter?

'''Bogomils''' 
Heretical sect in Balkans with doctrinal links to Cathars and Albigensians. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogomilism Bogomilism]arose out of a combination of pre-Christian Bulgarian gnosticism and a peasant reaction against oppression from the institutional church and state. Essentially anarchist in outlook, it holds that there is a duality in the creation of the world. Social structures derive from Satan, an Angel (of Death ) and eldest child of God, who was sent to Earth. Only things that spring from the human soul are truly good. Therefore, the established church, state and all social heirarchies are undermined. Bogomils refused to pay taxes, to work, or to fight for the state. Anarchism with a theological bent, Bogomilism was popular in Bulgaria and the Balkans from 950 to about 1396.

Much of what is known about the Bogomils comes from the antithetical polemic with the "interesting" name ''Against the Heretics'' written not by St. Cosmas, or Randolph St. Cosmo, but Presbyter Cosmas, also refered to in some places as St. Cosmo (Kozma), a 10th century Bulgarian church official.

Of further note, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bogomils Bogomil propaganda] followed "the mountain chains of central Europe, starting from the Balkans and continuing along the Carpathian Mountains, the Alps and the Pyrenees..." and so might be called, ''The Light Over the Ranges."

'''''Pavlikeni''''' 
Sources differ on the meaning: (1) Bulgarian Catholics; (2) members of a heretical sect with dualist (Manichean) doctrines influenced by beliefs of the Bogomils. Also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulicianism Paulicianism].

Something interesting is going on here. There are two different meanings of the word Pavlikeni which pivot on the date TRP gives in the text, 1650. Originally the Pavlikeni were synonomous with the Bogomils. Churches all over Europe and Russia , Orthodox and Roman, persecuted the sect and this ended in the Balkans only when the Turks conquered the area. So from 950 to about 1389 (430 years!!) they were oppressed. From 1389 to 1650 (300 years more) the Bogomils lived peacefully under the Turks as Pavlikeni (still heretics). Then in 1650 the Roman Church gathered them into its fold. No less than 14 villages in the area embraced Catholicism. Questions: 1) Why did the Pavlikeni all of a sudden "convert" after 700 years (!!) of persecution by The Church? For protection from Turkish oppression? 2) How was this allowed under Turkish rule? 3) Why was the Roman church in a largely Orthodox corner of Europe?

The monastery Cyprian joins is pure Bogomil. It did not convert (sell out?) to Rome in 1650, but continues its heresy.

One more point. It is interesting that in the beginning of AtD (p. 10), TRP writes that stockyard workers were "overwhelmingly of the Roman faith." But here, Cyprian finds redemption from slaughter "there will be no more wars" in the arms of a Bogomil monastery. It appears that TRP is making the very subtle claim that the Church of Rome is not only a party to the great power institutions in history, but like them based on the blood of Christ, cows and the bovine mentality of soulless citizen/laborers. Only those who resist Rome and worldly power structures in general are truly free and they are the ensouled, the heretical, the Anarchist.

Seconded. TRP was raised a Catholic and was said to go to Mass regularly
at Cornell. From V. to AtD, his perspective on historic Catholicism is ...richer(?).... than a "simple" Catholic believer's, at least.

'''Hebrus River . . . Maritza''' 
The Maritza or Maritsa flows west to east, draining Bulgaria between the Stara Planina (Balkan range) and the Rhodopes, then turns south and west to the Aegean Sea. The port at its mouth, in Greece, is called Evros, a name derived from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrus Hebrus].

==Page 957==

'''Manichæans''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_429-459#Page_437 page 437] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M the index at M].

'''Pythagorean ''akousmata''''' 
"Avoid beans." [[A|See explanation in the "A" alphabetical page.]] 

In ''V.'' TRP mentions ''The White Goddess'' by Robert Graves. The Pythagorean mystics, Graves writes, derived their bean aversion from the Pelasgians of Samos (Greece) which puts them in close connection with the Orphic and Druidic.

The flower of the bean is white like a spirit. Beans grow spirally "up its prop" symbolizing resurrection or reincarnation. Ghosts contrived to be reborn as humans by entering into beans and being eaten by women (Pliny mentions this). Eating beans somehow ran the risk of frustrating a dead parent's wish for progeny or rebirth. Beans were also thrown behind one's back to ward of ghosts. 

By contrast, Platonists excused their aversion on the grounds that beans caused flatulence. "Life was breath, and to break wind after eating beans was a proof that one had eaten a living soul -- in Greek and Latin the same words, ''pneuma'' and ''anima''," words that also meant gust of wind, breath, soul, spirit. Can wind have a spiritual significance in AtD?

:Does this give a twist to the meaning of Chicago as "The Windy City" at the beginning of the book -- Chicago as the "City of the Dead," especially as the cattle drives are pictured as being a gradual reduction of choice and freedom that ends in the Cartesian grid of the city and finally the killing-floor of the slaughterhouse?

Graves goes on to say that the bean belonged to the "White Goddess" who he identified with the Roman goddess Cranaë, the 'harsh or stony one,' a Greek surname of the Goddess Artemis. Artemis owned a hill-temple near Delphi in which the office of priest was always held by a boy for a five year term, and a cypress-grove, the Cranaeum, just outside Corinth. Cranaë is etymologically related to the Gaelic 'cairn' -- a pile of stones erected on a mountain-top. Can Cyprian be related to the cypress grove and to Artemis, the barren goddess?

A further note, on p. 17, Chick Counterfly recounts the schemes he and his father worked in order to keep beans in the pot. They are bean-eating worldly men vs. the other-worldly non-eaters of T.W.I.T. and the Bogomils.

'''hegumen''' 

In the Greek Orthodox Church, head of a religious community. (And, silly aside, legumen, in Latin, means bean).

'''Tetractys''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_219|page 219: Tetractys]].

'''Zalmoxis''' 
This passage could almost have been drawn from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxis Wikipedia entry.]

'''Krâstova Gora''' 
Bulgarian: name of a mountain or range. [http://www.discover-bulgaria.com/Articles.aspx?ProductID=268&CategoryID=0&pg=3&srchString= Krâstova Gora] means "Mountain (or Forest) of the Cross" and is in the Rhodopes. The monk Grigorii, known as “the Rhodopean Paisii”, has named in his sermons the Central Rhodopes as the “Mountain of the Cross” or “Forest of the Cross”. The Russian Paisi is mentioned on [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_892-918#Page_904 page 904].

Is this sentence the orphan of some narrative that's been cut? Disclosure of the baby's sex is on p. 949 and has neither a mountain nor a church in it.

'''narthex''' 
Lobby or portico of a church.

==Page 958==

'''sympathetic spirits who had dug spaces beneath their own precarious dwellings to harbor her for a night or two at a time''' 
Compare the annotations on ''stranniki'' and ''podpol'niki'' [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|(page 663).]]

'''Bernadette o' Lourdes''' 
young woman who is reputed to have seen visions of the Mother of the Divine at Lourdes in France. See Wikipedia.

==Page 959==

'''Oh, there won't be any war''' 
Cyprian's self-discovered religiousness seems to make him overly optimistic--blind--to historical reality.

'''σχημα''' 
In English, ''schema.''

'''Νυξ''' 
In English, ''Nux'' or ''Nyx.'' cf Brides of Night below.

'''Talking, for women, is a form of breathing''' 
Compare p. 501: "a hundred women . . . all silent." Tying Noellyn/Yashmeen to Cyprian?

'''What is it that is born of light?''' 
Cyprian trying to make sense of his epiphany on page 953. 
Phosgene. 
Nicene Creed, "light of light, true God of true God, begotten not made"

==Page 960==

'''Hesychasts''' 
Contemplative hermits in Orthodox Church; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesychasts see Wikipedia entry.]
From the concise Brittanica: Hesychasm
in Eastern Christianity, type of monastic life in which practitioners seek divine quietness (Greek hesychia) through the contemplation of God in uninterrupted prayer. Such prayer, involving the entire human being—soul, mind, and body—is often called “pure,” or “intellectual,” prayer or the Jesus prayer. St. John Climacus, one of the greatest writers of the Hesychast tradition, wrote, “Let the remembrance of Jesus be present with each breath, and then you will know the value of the hesychia.” In the late 13th century, St. Nicephorus the Hesychast produced an even more precise “method of prayer,” advising novices to fix their eyes during prayer on the “middle of the body,” in order to achieve a more total attention, and to “attach the prayer to their breathing.” This practice was violently attacked in the first half of the 14th century by Barlaam the Calabrian, who called the Hesychasts omphalopsychoi, or people having their souls in their navels.

The Hesychast usually experiences the contemplation of God as light, the Uncreated Light of the theology of St Gregory Palamas. The Uncreated Light that the Hesychast experiences is identified with the Holy Spirit. Experiences of the Uncreated Light are allied to the 'acquisition of the Holy Spirit'. Orthodox Tradition warns against seeking ecstasy as an end in itself. Hesychasm is a traditional complex of ascetical practices embedded in the doctrine and practice of the Orthodox Church and intended to purify the member of the Orthodox Church and to make him ready for an encounter with God that comes to him when and if God wants, through God's Grace (note earlier mention of an "anti-Grace"). Very different from attainment of Nirvana.

'''Transfiguration of Christ''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus Transfiguration].

'''''omphalopsychoi''''' 
see above. "Hesychasts condemned as "having their souls in their navel".

'''Shekhinah''' 
The Kabbala calls this Spirit, Shekkinah, which, according to Harold Bloom, refers to the "feminine element in Yahweh." Shekkinah is God's maternal nature, Mother God, who broods over the Earth searching for and gathering the world's orphans and outcasts under her wings. 
The author of Genesis tells us this Spirit hovered over the earth before creation. That which dwells, that which abides.

'''shiny black accoutrements''' 
[[ATD_678-694#Page_678|See the delicious annotation to page 678.]]

'''Cosmas of Jerusalem''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Cosmas See the concise Wikipedia article.]

==Page 961==

'''metempsychosis''' 
Habitation by a soul of a different (or new) body; non-Orthodox concept related to reincarnation.

'''[i]f self-similarity proves to be a built-in property of the universe''' 
As it does seem to be. Example: a map of streams draining the side of a mountain is similar (though on a different scale) to a map of rivers draining half a continent.
:any mountain,any continent? 
:Um, no, it was an inexact statement, wasn't it. ''In a fairly broad sense,'' the way rivers join to form larger and larger streams is mirrored by the way tiny erosion channels join to form larger and larger gullies. Of course there's some continent that doesn't follow the pattern (Antarctica at present a pretty fair instance), and some mountain too (though I don't think of one offhand), but self-similarity is a widely encountered behavior. 
Moon and electron and sleep, death as text examples, are 'universe(al)' analogies.
:That is very much to the point, but self-similarity is stronger than analogy. "As above, so below" covers analogies but also behaviors at different scales that follow from common causes.

'''Brides of Night''' 
A name (used by whom?) of the order Cyprian seeks to join. 
This 'order' seems to be a creation of Pynchon's, an important metaphorical one. In Hesychasism, massive humility is stressed, as is the
linked notion that God is light and can never be known (not even after the Beatific Vision). So, a Bride of Night is a humble 'nun' who is married to the darkness of the Unknown God. 

A thought: The Brides of Night (in white robes?) is a religious parody of those "Riders of Night" in white robes who appear from time to time in the novel, viz., the Ku Klux Klan. And whereas Cyprian fleeing the world finds asylum with the Brides of Night; Chick Counterfly fleeing the riders of the night finds asylum with the Chums of Chance.

Cf: p. 959 regarding the Orthodox schema of initiation and nyx. 
This is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_negativa ''Via Negativa''] or Apophathic theology which seeks to describe God by negation, by what cannot be said or ascribed to God. Hesychast Gregory Palamas followed this path as did many Eastern Christian fathers. Before them it can be found in Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hesiod and Plotinus. Indeed the theogony of Nyx given on p.959 is almost directly from Hesiod, where chaos is likened to anarchos. The via negativa is a mainstay of Christian mysticism (The Cloud of Unknowing, Dark Night of the Soul, Meister Eckart); Vedanta (Upanishads) "neti, neti"; Buddhism -- anatta, nirvana; Taoism -- the uncarved block, "the way that can be spoken is not the true way," empty but inexhaustible; and Islam -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi Shurarwardi], who speaks of the pure immaterial light, the luminous darkness.

==Page 962==

'''don't look back . . . or he'll take you below . . . down to America''' 
Orpheus and Eurydice again. And Lot and his wife, from Book 2.

'''And Cyprian was taken behind a great echoless door''' 
Cyprian's final transcendence of desire—which at one point we might have taken as a ''renunciation'' of desire—prompts a review of how desire itself has been presented in ''AtD.'' See text and annotations:
*Harald the Ruthless learns about desire and the forsaking of desire, [[ATD_119-148#Page_127|p. 127]]
*Scarsdale Vibe experiences a kind of desire for Kit, [[ATD_149-170#Page_158|p. 158]]
*Contemplating Yashmeen's neck, Cyprian experiences desire "of rather a specialized sort," [[ATD_489-524#Page_499|p. 499]]
*"Unreflective desire" rules Cyprian's days on the Lagoon, [[ATD_695-723#Page_708|p. 708]]
*Aspects of desire, or rather his responses to it, define Auberon Halfcourt's "two creatures resident within the same life," [[ATD_748-767#Page_759|759]]
*Cyprian first experiences a "release from desire," [[ATD_821-848#Page_839|p. 839]]
*Cyprian displays an "appetite for sexual abasement" with "a religious surrender of the self"; Yashmeen sees salvation in his surrender, [[ATD_864-891#Page_876|pp. 876-77]]
*Cyprian's transcendence of desire will be Yashmeen's reprieve from "political forms" and "utopian dreams," [[ATD_919-945#Page_942|p. 942]]

==Page 963==

'''Plain of Thrace . . . Rhodopes . . . Pirin range''' 
From the convent/castle around Sliven in the Stara Planina or Sredna Gora, south across the Maritsa valley, southwest across the Rhodope mountain range, southwest through the higher Pirins. Close to the present Bulgarian-Greek-Macedonian borders, on a generally southwestward track to the southwest corner of Bulgaria.

'''To move through it would be to struggle against time...''' 
Time and Light are linked by Relativity Theory. According to the equations, as an object approaches the speed of light, time dilates. The speed of light cannot be exceeded; time speeds up to accomodate any such attempt. (Doesn't time slow down? I.e., from the point of view of an observer not on the speeding object, doesn't a clock on the object run slow?) This has nothing directly to do with the ''brightness'' of the light, however; light of whatever intensity travels at the same speed.

'''In mid-October . . . invaded Macedonia''' 
1912, First Balkan War. The text does not mention Montenegro, which was active as well. Insofar as war aims played any role, everybody aimed to get Turkey out of the Balkans, but there was little unity beyond that. 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Balkan_War The First Balkan War] (1912-1913) was fought between the members of the Balkan League—Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro—and the Ottoman Empire. The league was formed under Russian auspices in the spring of 1912 to take Macedonia away from Turkey. Montenegro opened hostilities with Turkey on October 8, 1912 and the other members of the league delcared war on October 18. The Ottoman's army collapsed and disintegrated in first two months' fighting. The war officially ended with the signing in London on May 30, 1913 a peace treaty in which the Ottoman Empire lost almost all of its European territory including all of Macedonia and Albania—Macedonia was divided between Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece; Albania was declared independent.

'''. . . by the twenty-second, fighting between Bulgarians and Turks was heavy around Kumanovo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumanovo Kumanovo] is located in northern Macedonia near present-day border with Serbia, about 15 miles northeast of Skopje, the capital of the country.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo The Battle of Kumanovo] (October 23-24, 1912) was a major battle of the First Balkan War. After the outbreak of hostilities, three Serbian Armies, from left to right the 3rd, 1st and 2nd, advanced southwards towards Skopje. They defeated the Ottoman's 7th and 6th corps at Kumanovo in two day's fighting. The Ottoman's armies retreated 50 miles southwards all the way to Prilep, and the Serbians entered Skopje on October 26 without a fight. 

'''Adrianople''' 
Now called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edirne Edirne]. It is situated at the westernmost part of Turkey, at the present-day Turkish-Greek frontier near the Turkey/Greece/Bulgaria triple point.

'''''mehana''''' 
Mehana is Serbian and Bulgarian for the Turkish word [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehana meyhane].

'''from Philippopolis . . . Adrianople''' 
From Plovdiv southeastward down the Maritsa to Adrianople (now called Edirne).

'''Ivanoff's Second Army''' 
General Nikola Ivanov's Second Army of Bulgaria advanced from Philippopolis southeastwards to Adrianople along the Maritsa river.

==Page 964==

'''west through Strumica and Valandovo . . . the Vardar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumica Strumica] is in the southeast of present-day Macedonia; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valandovo Valandovo] is about 8 miles to the southwest. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardar Vardar], passing by near Valandovo, is the major river of Macedonia, flowing north to south more or less.

'''the Tikveš wine country''' 
A plain in the center of present-day Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikve%C5%A1 Wikipedia]

'''Monastir''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitola Bitola] in southwest Macedonia.

'''becoming a popular, perhaps someday a national, delusion.''' 
That is, if these Turkish provinces can become nations, these horrors can be cleansed to become the national foundation myth. Nations based on ethnic division was in fact the basis for the peace settlements ending World War I.

'''between Veles and Prilep''' 
In central Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veles_%28city%29 Veles] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prilep Prilep]

==Page 965==

'''by way of Kičevo and Prilep''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Devo Kičevo] is in western present-day Macedonia, Prilep more in the middle. Two Serbian columns?

'''Babuna Pass''' 
North of Prilep.

'''Russian Madsen guns and . . . Montenegrin Rexers''' 
They refer to [http://www.landships.freeservers.com/new_pages/madsen_mg_info.htm Danish Madsen light machine guns].

'''Howitzer''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howitzer Wikipedia entry]

'''"Once they get their line and length," she said''' 
A very good cricket joke by Yashmeen. Effective bowling requires the ball to be directed on the "line" of the stumps defended by the batsman, and not wide on either side. The ball must hit the pitch (the ground) in front of the batsman "on a good length", ie not too short or too full, because such deliveries can be hit more easily. Reef is either very sharp, or played cricket in Colorado.

==Page 966==

'''I Zingari''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: I.Z.]] 
I Zingari (from the Italian for "the gypsies") is an English amateur cricket club which was formed on 4 July 1845, by a very aristocratic parentage. Also known as IZ, I Zingari is a wandering (or nomadic) club, having no home ground. Its club colours are black, red and gold, symbolizing the motto "out of darkness, through fire, into light"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Zingari]. The colors, therefore, are the anarchist Red and Black, plus gold. "Out of darkness, through fire, into light" could be the motto of every seeker in AtD, and certainly applies to Yasmeen at the present moment.

==Page 967==

'''Sarakatsàni''' 
Not a place but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarakatsani a people], Greek-speaking nomadic shepherds across the Southern Balkans well beyond the present-day borders of Greece.

'''Bukovo Pass''' 
??? Here's a [http://outdoors.webshots.com/photo/2110787010065488803qeBkDg map] with the pass and Ohrid.

'''down into Ohrid''' 
Extreme southwest of present-day Macedonia, by Lake Ohrid, a bordering lake shared between Macedonia and Albania.

'''Liman von Sanders''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Liman_von_Sanders Otto Liman von Sanders] (1855-1929), German advisor to Turkish military. In overall command of Turkish victories at the Dardanelles in 1915. Remember the earlier discussion about English and Russian fears of German influences in the Ottoman Empire, especially re the Berlin/ Baghdad railway.

'''But now the Serbs knew they could beat them''' 
A fatal conclusion, contributing to the recklessness of Serbian nationalism, and intransigence in the face of Ausrtrian demands in the wake of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. Serbia suffered terrible reverses in World War I.

==Page 968==

'''Sveti Naum''' 
Macedonian: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Naum St. Naum]. Large monastery on the lakefront south of Ohrid.

'''the defeat at Monastir''' 
The Serbian army decisively defeated the Ottoman army at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bitola Battle of Bitola] (Monastir) November 16-19, 1912.

'''Yanina''' 
Now Ioánnina, in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_%28region%29 Epirus] province of present-day Greece, about 60 miles east of the Corfu island. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina Ioannina], about 270 miles northwest of Athens, is located in the western Greece 25 miles from the Albanian border.

'''Pogradeci, on the road to Korça''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogradeci Pogradec], Albania, across the lake from Ohrid, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB Korcë], 20 miles south of Pogradeci, southeastern Albania near present-day Greek border.

==Page 969==

'''Erseka''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erseka Ersekë], southeastern Albania near the Greek border, 20 miles south of Korca.

'''Gramoz Range . . . Pindus''' 
Grámmos on present-day maps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindus Pindus] range runs mainly north-south in northwestern Greece; the [http://www.gtp.gr/LocPage.asp?Id=60639 Grámmos] range marks the boundary of Greece and Albania (and also the boundary between two Greek provinces, one of them named Macedonia).

'''šarplaninec''' 
Or šarplaninac. Named for the Šar Planina mountain range. It's a largeish working breed. Compare the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0arplaninac Wikipedia article] with the description of Kseniya's temperament.

'''Kseniya''' 
The name (here in Macedonian form; elsewhere Xenia) means "guest, stranger."

==Page 970==

'''''tungjatjeta''''' 
Albanian: hello! Literally: "may you have a long life" 

'''Gras''' 
1874 French rifle.

'''''një rosë vdekuri''''' 
Albanian: "What we call a rose"...Allusion to Juliet's line from Romeo & Juliet: "that what we call a rose/ by any other name would smell as sweet"

'''''Vëlla''''' 
Albanian: brother

'''Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin''' 
The most important of the hereditary codes of conduct that shape the inter-generational behavior of the rural Albanians that make up the overwhelming majority of the Kosovar population. The Kanun of Lek Dukagin probably emerged in the 15th Century but was not even written down until the 19th Century. The foundation of the Kanun is the concept of personal honor and at the center of its laws is the blood feud, a complicated system of vendettas aimed at obtaining satisfaction ''vis a vis'' punishment. There are four major offenses to personal honor under the Kanun:

#calling a man a liar in front of other men;
#insulting his wife;
#taking his weapons; and
#violating his hospitality.

These offenses are not paid for in property or by fines but by the spilling of blood or by a magnanimous pardon.

From [http://www.d-n-i.net/fcs/comments/c339.htm Balkan Primer (X) - Blood Feuds, Kanuns, and American Policy]

==Page 971==

'''rakia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakia Rakia] is a hard liquor similar to brandy.

'''''Gëzuar!''''' 
Albanian: Cheers!

'''Tosk''' 
Principal [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian southern dialect] of Albanian, basis of the literary language.

'''Përmeti''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrmet Përmet] on present-day maps, 20 miles southwest of Erseke.

'''Gjirokastra''' 
Argyrokastron on old maps, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr Gjirokastër] on new ones, 20 miles soutwest of Permeti near the south end of Albania; about 15 miles from the Adriatic coast.

'''Vjosa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjosa Vijosë] on present-day maps. The Vijose river flows through Permeti northwestwards to the Adriatic Sea.

==Page 972==

'''There was a cease-fire in effect now among all parties except for Greece, still trying to take Yanina''' 
In less than two months since the First Balkan War started on October 8, 1912 the Ottoman's army was totally defeated losing Salonica, Albania, Epirus, Macedonia and Thrace to its opponents and Adrianople was under siege since November 17. An armistice was signed between Bulgaria (Serbia and Montenegro) and Turkey on December 3. Greece continued the war alone, aiming to capture Ioannina. In the Battle of Bizani, February 20-21, 1913 Greece defeated the last Ottoman army ever to enter Macedonia and Epirus and took Ioannina.

'''Muzina Pass''' 
In Southern Albania it is 572 meters high.It connects Sarande [below] with the Drinos Valley. Wikipedia, German edition.
[[Image:corfu.jpg|thumb|Corfu harbor ca. 1890|right]]
'''Agli Saranta''' 
Present-day maps identify this Albanian Riviera town as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarand%C3%AB Sarandë], located between high mountains and the Ionian Sea facing Greek island of Corfu.

'''Corfu''' 
Western Greek island off the Greek/Albanian coast. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu Corfu],a 40-mile long island, is separated from Albania by straits varying in breadth from 2 to 25 miles. The principal town of the island, located in the east-central side of island facing Greece mainland, is also named ''Corfu''. Mt Pantokrator, a 3000-ft mountain in north-eastern Corfu, is the highest on the island—at its summit the whole island as well as Albania can be seen. Corfu island's turbulent history is full of battles and conquests; for example, between 1386 to 1797 it was under Venetian protection, in 1800s under French and the British from 1815, and it unified with Greece only as late as 1864. The 1981 James Bond movie ''For Your Eyes Only'' was filmed in Corfu.

'''Pantokratoras''' 
South of Mouzaki, Greece. Famous for Byzantine icon screens.
:Mouzaki and [http://www.zanteguru.com/places/pantokratoras.html Pantokratoras] are villages in Zante island, the last large Ionian Island down the Greek coast 80 miles south from Corfu island. The fishing boat traveling from Sarande to Corfu will not detour to Zante island first. 
Pantokratoras here refers to Mt Pantokrator (see ''Corfu'' above), a mountain in the northeast part of Corfu island, any boat traveling from Albanian town to the town of Corfu has to pass it.

'''St. Spiridion''' 
[http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/SaintsAlive/id648.htm St. Spiridion]

'''XI''' 
Eleven: a cricket team.

'''Lefkas''' 
Or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefkas Levkás], Leucas or Lefkada, the next sizable Ionian Island down the Greek coast from Corfu. Corinth and Lefkás were allies in the Peloponnesian War. Lefkás later was the capital of the Acarnanian League (3d cent. B.C.). The island was captured (1697) from the Ottoman Turks by Venice, which held it until 1797. There are ruins of Cyclopean walls and a temple to Apollo Leukates. Sappho is said, probably falsely, to have committed suicide by plunging into the sea from a cliff of the island. Lefkás is also known as Santa Maura. Columbia Encyclopedia.

'''demotic''' 
[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/demotic demotic]

==Page 973==

'''hot-pepper salamis''' 
are often paired with fragrant bunches of oregano. The hot pepper is present in salamis as well. They are big and red or as in the typical soppressata version, have a squashed shape due to their ageing under weights.

'''the Compassionate''' 
Yashmeen, Auberon and "the Compassionate" have come together before. On page 749 she wrote to him of her dream:
:We ascended, or rather, we were taken aloft, as if in mechanical rapture, to a great skyborne town and a small band of serious young people, dedicated to resisting death and tyranny, whom I understood at once to be the Compassionate.

Speculation: The Chums of Chance = The Compassionate = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes (Furies)?

'''the Esplanade''' 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli02.html#11 The Esplanade] is famed as "the largest square in the Balkans". Beginning in 1576 for 12 years, the houses huddled around the gate of a fortress was being demolished to allow the defenders a better view over the area leaving a great space which the French later planted with trees and today forms the Espalnde Square.

'''fiacre''' 
A small hackney carriage. [French, after the Hôtel de Saint Fiacre in Paris.]

'''Durazzo''' 
Now Durrës, Albania, nearest coastal city to the capital, Tiranë. It will be more than 100 miles north of Corfu.

'''casus belli''' 
An occasion or cause for war.

'''ouzo''' 
a colorless anise-flavored Greek liqueur. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouzo Wikipedia]

==Page 974==

'''Volodya''' 
Diminutive form of ''Vladimir.'' Not Colonel Prokladka.

'''a transaction in jade''' 
Bought/got jade low, sold high. 
You have to wonder if Aubrey didn't make his profit on a stolen gem, [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|such as an idol's eye.]]

'''one of those turns''' 
. . . And aren't there a lot of them through here.

==Page 975==

'''Garitsa''' 
Latitude 39.6139 Longitude 19.9197 Altitude (feet) 3
Lat (DMS) 39° 36' 50N Long (DMS) 19° 55' 11E Altitude (meters) 0 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli03.html#30 A suburb of Corfu by the Garitsa Bay] with a handsome, tree-lined coastal road with neo-Classical buildings on one side and the Garitsa Bay on the other; and a narrow tree-filled park where local taverns and grillrooms set out their tables under the trees.

'''Leadville Fan-Tan''' 
A card game, played no doubt in the gambling halls of Leadville, Colorado. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan#The_Card_Game_Fantan Wikipedia entry].

'''leptas''' 
Bastard plural of ''lepton'' (Greek = a low-denomination coin). Plural in Greek is ''lepta.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_lepton Wikipedia]

'''tsingarelli''' 
???

'''polenta''' 
Originally Italian; dish similar to cornmeal mush. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenta Wikipedia]

'''yaprakia''' 
Stuffed grape leaves (similar to dolmathes). [http://www.greek-recipe.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article169 recipe and pic]

'''stoufado''' 
Possibly an alternative spelling of ''stifado'' (Greek = beef and onion stew)? Apparently it is an Italian spelling, as stoufado appears on this [http://www.pietroizzo.com/contacts/pi_7/2004/2004_23.html page] (which is written in Italian) in the sentence starting with "La cucina greca" (Greek cuisine).

'''Mavrodaphne''' 
Red fortified wine made in the Achaia region of Greece. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavrodaphne Wikipedia]

'''Hrisoula''' 
The cat bears the name of King Yrjö's wife (GR 119).

'''''rembetika''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rembetika Rembetika]: the songs of the Greek underground, sung by the so-called rebetes (Greek: ρεμπέτης). Rebetes were unconventional people who lived outside the social order. They first appeared after the Greek War of Independence of 1821.

'''''karsilamas''''' 
[http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/dances/karsilam.htm a traditional Greek dance]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 946-975

2007-07-27T13:53:36Z

Phidre: /* Page 952 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 946==

'''Orpheus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Wikipedia] entry for Orpheus, click on Death of Eurydice when you get there.

'''Young woman, there is money everywhere''' 
Even this spiritual expedition has an accountant. 
Also, Pluto, Lord of the Underworld - with all its mineral wealth - is the original plutocrat.

'''''Interdikt'' line''' 
That horizontal line on the map again.

'''Veliko Târnovo''' 
North central Bulgaria on north side of Stara Planina range. Just for Bulgarian Pynchon uses at least two transliteration systems; where you see the letter ''â'' in this system, another will have ''u.'' Present-day transliteration from Bulgarian uses the letter ''ǔ.'' The sound resembles the U in "bump"; it's represented by Ъ in the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet.

'''''ruchenitsa''''' 
Bulgarian: a folk dance. The ''u'' represents the "uh" sound.

'''St. Tryphon's Day''' 
St. Tryphon or Trypho is the protector of fields. Feast day is Feb. 1 in the Orthodox calendar; at the time of the action the western and eastern calendars had drifted 12 or 13 days apart, throwing the Gregorian (western) date toward mid-February.

==Page 947==

'''Dimyat''' 
Bulgarian wine made from grapes grown near the Black Sea coast.

'''Misket''' 
Muscatel wine.

'''May, I think''' 
1912. The date gets pegged a few pages further on.

'''Kazanlâk''' 
Central Bulgaria, south slope of Stara Planina range, halfway between Plovdiv and Veliko Târnovo.

'''Rozovata Dolina''' 
Bulgarian: rose valley. The Dimitrov Dam (completed in 1955, so not yet in existence at this point in AtD) may have filled part of the valley with a reservoir. Mild confusion: The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Valley%2C_Bulgaria Wikipedia entry] gives the Bulgarian name as ''Rosova dolina.''

'''between the Balkan range and the Sredna Gora''' 
Mountain ranges running east-west across Bulgaria, the Balkan (Stara Planina) to the north. ''Stara Planina'' = Old Range, ''Sredna Gora'' = Central Mountains.

This is, in fact, Eastern Rumelia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Rumelia].

'''''mutri''''' 
Bulgarian, literally: mugs, wry faces.

==Page 948==

'''Petrich''' 
Extreme southwestern Bulgaria, near the Bulgaria/Greece/Macedonia triple point.

'''on Macedonian border''' 
Today's maps reflect another century of boundary fights and negotiations. Petrich is not right on the present border, for example.

'''between Plovdiv and Petrich''' 
Southwest quarter of Bulgaria.

'''the music stopped two years ago''' 
I.e., in 1910.

==Page 949==

'''called out to, by their diminutives''' 
You can make a list of "nicknames" from most any Slavic name. In Russian, for example, ''Aleksandr'' is informally called Alyosha, Sasha, Sashenka, etc. The irregulars are boys from the neighborhood and get addressed as such.

'''crossing ''R. damascena'' with ''R. alba''''' 
Species of roses. The species most used in attar-making is ''Rosa damascena.''

==Page 950==

'''named the baby Ljubica''' 
Serbo-Croatian: violet (the flower). Commemorating Cyprian's toilette at Carnesalve, I suggest; see pages 881 and 891. '''The name is pronounced LYOO-beet-sah.''' In light of the musical theme, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubica_Mari%C4%87 Ljubica Marić], b. 1909, considered to be one of the most original composers to emerge from Yugoslavia, should be noted.

'''toroidal black iron antenna . . . one of those Tesla rigs''' 
I.e., made to transmit or receive energy wirelessly. 
Sounds like another [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardenclyffe_Tower Wardenclyffe Tower]

==Page 951==

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
The Canadian band Rush (see note p. 708, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography]) has a song on the 1981 album ''Moving Pictures'' called ''YYZ'' (Why Yz-les-Bains?). (YYZ is actually the airport code for Toronto, Canada).

'''Mihály Vámos''' 
Hungarian name, but ''vámos'' is also Spanish = go!

'''''Szia, haver''''' 
Hungarian: Hello buddy!

==Page 952==

'''''Zabraneno''''' 
Bulgarian: the forbidden. Same meaning as ''Interdikt.''

'''an attar-factory rep''' 
Attar: a fragrant essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers; attar of roses, a fragrant extract of the petals. And indeed, rose oil is the most important commodity produced in the Rozovata Dolina, with Kazanlak being the trade center for the product.

'''Philippopolis''' 
Philippopolis is now Plovdiv, located 40-50 miles south of the valley. Plovdiv was Philippopolis in 342 B.C., when it was conquered by Philip II of Macedonia and by the 1st century A.D. had undergone 2 more name changes: to Pulpudeva and to Thrimonzium. The name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv Plovdiv] first appeared around 1369.

That brings up an important point. There's all kinds of evidence in ''AtD'' that Pynchon has appropriated history as he found it in contemporary sources. And it's a good bet that much of the published history came from Britain. Writers today like to use "local" names, but that wasn't so in earlier times. The 1911 ''Brittanica,'' for example, has entry after entry under "Henry" for monarchs who went by Heinrich, Henri, Enrique and so forth. This now-unfashionable conservatism, picked up and repeated in ''AtD,'' means we shouldn't expect to see a reference to Sevastopol'; look instead for Sebastopol. Similarly we'd see Budweis instead of České Budějovice if the subject of brewing arose. And Philippopolis follows the pattern.

'''casemate''' 
In a fortification, an armored room or emplacement for artillery. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casemate Wikipedia]

==Page 953==

'''it's only chlorine . . . you get phosgene''' 
Accurate account of the process then used to produce phosgene. Today an activated carbon catalyst replaces the sunlight.

'''''motoros''''' 
Cyclist, biker, referring here to Mihaly Vamos.

'''light is..the destructive agent''' 
Thematic,of course, when non-natural light is created....studies back to
'city illumination'. Cf. Telluride chapter.

'''Fear in lethal form''' 
This is strongly reminiscent of the "Panic fear" (p. 151) unleashed by the Vormance Expedition's digging up of the buried alien - the "incendiary Figure."

'''millions of candles per square inch''' 
Not easily converted to other units of measurement. Since the International Candle was defined as the light output from a specified wax candle, imagine a source emitting as much light as a million candles. Then imagine the sky covered with such sources, one to a square inch. No, it's unimaginably bright—disorienting, blinding, probably scorching. Recalls Olbers' paradox: in an infinite universe, we should see a star in every direction ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olbers%27_paradox wikipedia]; pay attention to the Edgar Allan Poe quotation).

'''Shipka''' 
A very small village in Bulgaria's Central Balkan Mountains, near a mountain pass of strategic importance, which connects northern Bulgaria to Upper Thrace (East Rumelia). It was the site of a battle between the Russian army and the Ottoman Turks in 1877.

'''''Sok szerencsét''''' 
Hungarian: good luck.

==Page 954==

'''Thrace''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace Thrace] is a region in southeast Europe spreading over southern Bulgaria, northwestern Greece, and European Turkey.

'''Varna''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna Varna] is a major seaport of Bulgaria on the Black Sea Coast. It is the third largest city of the country and a primary tourist destination. One of the oldest cities in Europe and site of the alleged world's oldest gold treasure (5th millennium BC radiocarbon dating).

==Page 955==

'''''folie à trois''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folie_%C3%A0_deux ''Folie à deux''] describes delusional behavior displayed by two people; here it's by three. With ''folie à deux'', the crucial point is that the sum is more than the parts: behaviors or actions only occur because of the two people interacting.

'''hebephrenic''' 
Involving delusions, hallucinations, pointless and childish behavior.

'''raptors''' 
birds of prey.

'''Sliven''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliven Sliven] is a town east of Kazanlâk, nearly the geographic center of the country, Bulgaria.

'''the ''Halkata''''' 
Bulgarian ''khalka'': ring. The suffix ''-ta'' is a definite article. An existing formation in Bulgaria [http://noe2002.hit.bg/index1.html pic].

'''Ulitsa Rakovsky''' 
Bulgarian: Rakovsky Street. Georgi Rakovsky (1821-67), Bulgarian freedom fighter.

==Page 956==

'''''krâchma''''' 
Pronounced like CRUTCH-mah. Bulgarian: tavern.

'''Byal Sredets''' 
The [http://www.alibaba.com/catalog/11426692/Bulgarian_Cigarettes.html Sredets or Sredetz] lines of cigarettes are still produced. ''Byal'' just means "white"; Byal Sredets was (speculatively) a sub-brand.

After not too much searching, no cigar(-ettes) but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byala%2C_Varna_Province Byala] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredets Sredets] are towns near Varna, and silly speculation: to a non-Bulgarian English speaker, Byal Sredets, kind of looks like it could sound like "buy all cigarettes," if you pronounce Sredets as sir-e-dets.

:Byala and Sredets are not in [http://www.bulgartabac.bg/l_plants.html major tobacco-growing regions] of Bulgaria. If we have to try parsing the brand name (and we do), ''Sredets'' may refer to the [[ATD_946-975#Page_947|Sredna Gora]] growing region. 
Sredets is the old Bulgarian name of Sofia, and now a municipality within the city.

Byal is also evocative of beyul, Baikal and bi-locale.

Please see [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Binarisms_Discussion Binarisms Discussion] for more on Byal as white on the Black Sea, and other dualities in AtD.

'''''Zdrave . . . kakvo ima?''''' 
Bulgarian: Good health . . . what's the matter?

'''Bogomils''' 
Heretical sect in Balkans with doctrinal links to Cathars and Albigensians. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogomilism Bogomilism]arose out of a combination of pre-Christian Bulgarian gnosticism and a peasant reaction against oppression from the institutional church and state. Essentially anarchist in outlook, it holds that there is a duality in the creation of the world. Social structures derive from Satan, an Angel (of Death ) and eldest child of God, who was sent to Earth. Only things that spring from the human soul are truly good. Therefore, the established church, state and all social heirarchies are undermined. Bogomils refused to pay taxes, to work, or to fight for the state. Anarchism with a theological bent, Bogomilism was popular in Bulgaria and the Balkans from 950 to about 1396.

Much of what is known about the Bogomils comes from the antithetical polemic with the "interesting" name ''Against the Heretics'' written not by St. Cosmas, or Randolph St. Cosmo, but Presbyter Cosmas, also refered to in some places as St. Cosmo (Kozma), a 10th century Bulgarian church official.

Of further note, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bogomils Bogomil propaganda] followed "the mountain chains of central Europe, starting from the Balkans and continuing along the Carpathian Mountains, the Alps and the Pyrenees..." and so might be called, ''The Light Over the Ranges."

'''''Pavlikeni''''' 
Sources differ on the meaning: (1) Bulgarian Catholics; (2) members of a heretical sect with dualist (Manichean) doctrines influenced by beliefs of the Bogomils. Also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulicianism Paulicianism].

Something interesting is going on here. There are two different meanings of the word Pavlikeni which pivot on the date TRP gives in the text, 1650. Originally the Pavlikeni were synonomous with the Bogomils. Churches all over Europe and Russia , Orthodox and Roman, persecuted the sect and this ended in the Balkans only when the Turks conquered the area. So from 950 to about 1389 (430 years!!) they were oppressed. From 1389 to 1650 (300 years more) the Bogomils lived peacefully under the Turks as Pavlikeni (still heretics). Then in 1650 the Roman Church gathered them into its fold. No less than 14 villages in the area embraced Catholicism. Questions: 1) Why did the Pavlikeni all of a sudden "convert" after 700 years (!!) of persecution by The Church? For protection from Turkish oppression? 2) How was this allowed under Turkish rule? 3) Why was the Roman church in a largely Orthodox corner of Europe?

The monastery Cyprian joins is pure Bogomil. It did not convert (sell out?) to Rome in 1650, but continues its heresy.

One more point. It is interesting that in the beginning of AtD (p. 10), TRP writes that stockyard workers were "overwhelmingly of the Roman faith." But here, Cyprian finds redemption from slaughter "there will be no more wars" in the arms of a Bogomil monastery. It appears that TRP is making the very subtle claim that the Church of Rome is not only a party to the great power institutions in history, but like them based on the blood of Christ, cows and the bovine mentality of soulless citizen/laborers. Only those who resist Rome and worldly power structures in general are truly free and they are the ensouled, the heretical, the Anarchist.

Seconded. TRP was raised a Catholic and was said to go to Mass regularly
at Cornell. From V. to AtD, his perspective on historic Catholicism is ...richer(?).... than a "simple" Catholic believer's, at least.

'''Hebrus River . . . Maritza''' 
The Maritza or Maritsa flows west to east, draining Bulgaria between the Stara Planina (Balkan range) and the Rhodopes, then turns south and west to the Aegean Sea. The port at its mouth, in Greece, is called Evros, a name derived from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrus Hebrus].

==Page 957==

'''Manichæans''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_429-459#Page_437 page 437] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M the index at M].

'''Pythagorean ''akousmata''''' 
"Avoid beans." [[A|See explanation in the "A" alphabetical page.]] 

In ''V.'' TRP mentions ''The White Goddess'' by Robert Graves. The Pythagorean mystics, Graves writes, derived their bean aversion from the Pelasgians of Samos (Greece) which puts them in close connection with the Orphic and Druidic.

The flower of the bean is white like a spirit. Beans grow spirally "up its prop" symbolizing resurrection or reincarnation. Ghosts contrived to be reborn as humans by entering into beans and being eaten by women (Pliny mentions this). Eating beans somehow ran the risk of frustrating a dead parent's wish for progeny or rebirth. Beans were also thrown behind one's back to ward of ghosts. 

By contrast, Platonists excused their aversion on the grounds that beans caused flatulence. "Life was breath, and to break wind after eating beans was a proof that one had eaten a living soul -- in Greek and Latin the same words, ''pneuma'' and ''anima''," words that also meant gust of wind, breath, soul, spirit. Can wind have a spiritual significance in AtD?

:Does this give a twist to the meaning of Chicago as "The Windy City" at the beginning of the book -- Chicago as the "City of the Dead," especially as the cattle drives are pictured as being a gradual reduction of choice and freedom that ends in the Cartesian grid of the city and finally the killing-floor of the slaughterhouse?

Graves goes on to say that the bean belonged to the "White Goddess" who he identified with the Roman goddess Cranaë, the 'harsh or stony one,' a Greek surname of the Goddess Artemis. Artemis owned a hill-temple near Delphi in which the office of priest was always held by a boy for a five year term, and a cypress-grove, the Cranaeum, just outside Corinth. Cranaë is etymologically related to the Gaelic 'cairn' -- a pile of stones erected on a mountain-top. Can Cyprian be related to the cypress grove and to Artemis, the barren goddess?

A further note, on p. 17, Chick Counterfly recounts the schemes he and his father worked in order to keep beans in the pot. They are bean-eating worldly men vs. the other-worldly non-eaters of T.W.I.T. and the Bogomils.

'''hegumen''' 

In the Greek Orthodox Church, head of a religious community. (And, silly aside, legumen, in Latin, means bean).

'''Tetractys''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_219|page 219: Tetractys]].

'''Zalmoxis''' 
This passage could almost have been drawn from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxis Wikipedia entry.]

'''Krâstova Gora''' 
Bulgarian: name of a mountain or range. [http://www.discover-bulgaria.com/Articles.aspx?ProductID=268&CategoryID=0&pg=3&srchString= Krâstova Gora] means "Mountain (or Forest) of the Cross" and is in the Rhodopes. The monk Grigorii, known as “the Rhodopean Paisii”, has named in his sermons the Central Rhodopes as the “Mountain of the Cross” or “Forest of the Cross”. The Russian Paisi is mentioned on [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_892-918#Page_904 page 904].

Is this sentence the orphan of some narrative that's been cut? Disclosure of the baby's sex is on p. 949 and has neither a mountain nor a church in it.

'''narthex''' 
Lobby or portico of a church.

==Page 958==

'''sympathetic spirits who had dug spaces beneath their own precarious dwellings to harbor her for a night or two at a time''' 
Compare the annotations on ''stranniki'' and ''podpol'niki'' [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|(page 663).]]

'''Bernadette o' Lourdes''' 
young woman who is reputed to have seen visions of the Mother of the Divine at Lourdes in France. See Wikipedia.

==Page 959==

'''Oh, there won't be any war''' 
Cyprian's self-discovered religiousness seems to make him overly optimistic--blind--to historical reality.

'''σχημα''' 
In English, ''schema.''

'''Νυξ''' 
In English, ''Nux'' or ''Nyx.'' cf Brides of Night below.

'''Talking, for women, is a form of breathing''' 
Compare p. 501: "a hundred women . . . all silent." Tying Noellyn/Yashmeen to Cyprian?

'''What is it that is born of light?''' 
Cyprian trying to make sense of his epiphany on page 953. 
Phosgene. 
Nicene Creed, "light of light, true God of true God, begotten not made"

==Page 960==

'''Hesychasts''' 
Contemplative hermits in Orthodox Church; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesychasts see Wikipedia entry.]
From the concise Brittanica: Hesychasm
in Eastern Christianity, type of monastic life in which practitioners seek divine quietness (Greek hesychia) through the contemplation of God in uninterrupted prayer. Such prayer, involving the entire human being—soul, mind, and body—is often called “pure,” or “intellectual,” prayer or the Jesus prayer. St. John Climacus, one of the greatest writers of the Hesychast tradition, wrote, “Let the remembrance of Jesus be present with each breath, and then you will know the value of the hesychia.” In the late 13th century, St. Nicephorus the Hesychast produced an even more precise “method of prayer,” advising novices to fix their eyes during prayer on the “middle of the body,” in order to achieve a more total attention, and to “attach the prayer to their breathing.” This practice was violently attacked in the first half of the 14th century by Barlaam the Calabrian, who called the Hesychasts omphalopsychoi, or people having their souls in their navels.

The Hesychast usually experiences the contemplation of God as light, the Uncreated Light of the theology of St Gregory Palamas. The Uncreated Light that the Hesychast experiences is identified with the Holy Spirit. Experiences of the Uncreated Light are allied to the 'acquisition of the Holy Spirit'. Orthodox Tradition warns against seeking ecstasy as an end in itself. Hesychasm is a traditional complex of ascetical practices embedded in the doctrine and practice of the Orthodox Church and intended to purify the member of the Orthodox Church and to make him ready for an encounter with God that comes to him when and if God wants, through God's Grace (note earlier mention of an "anti-Grace"). Very different from attainment of Nirvana.

'''Transfiguration of Christ''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus Transfiguration].

'''''omphalopsychoi''''' 
see above. "Hesychasts condemned as "having their souls in their navel".

'''Shekhinah''' 
The Kabbala calls this Spirit, Shekkinah, which, according to Harold Bloom, refers to the "feminine element in Yahweh." Shekkinah is God's maternal nature, Mother God, who broods over the Earth searching for and gathering the world's orphans and outcasts under her wings. 
The author of Genesis tells us this Spirit hovered over the earth before creation. That which dwells, that which abides.

'''shiny black accoutrements''' 
[[ATD_678-694#Page_678|See the delicious annotation to page 678.]]

'''Cosmas of Jerusalem''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Cosmas See the concise Wikipedia article.]

==Page 961==

'''metempsychosis''' 
Habitation by a soul of a different (or new) body; non-Orthodox concept related to reincarnation.

'''[i]f self-similarity proves to be a built-in property of the universe''' 
As it does seem to be. Example: a map of streams draining the side of a mountain is similar (though on a different scale) to a map of rivers draining half a continent.
:any mountain,any continent? 
:Um, no, it was an inexact statement, wasn't it. ''In a fairly broad sense,'' the way rivers join to form larger and larger streams is mirrored by the way tiny erosion channels join to form larger and larger gullies. Of course there's some continent that doesn't follow the pattern (Antarctica at present a pretty fair instance), and some mountain too (though I don't think of one offhand), but self-similarity is a widely encountered behavior. 
Moon and electron and sleep, death as text examples, are 'universe(al)' analogies.
:That is very much to the point, but self-similarity is stronger than analogy. "As above, so below" covers analogies but also behaviors at different scales that follow from common causes.

'''Brides of Night''' 
A name (used by whom?) of the order Cyprian seeks to join. 
This 'order' seems to be a creation of Pynchon's, an important metaphorical one. In Hesychasism, massive humility is stressed, as is the
linked notion that God is light and can never be known (not even after the Beatific Vision). So, a Bride of Night is a humble 'nun' who is married to the darkness of the Unknown God. 

A thought: The Brides of Night (in white robes?) is a religious parody of those "Riders of Night" in white robes who appear from time to time in the novel, viz., the Ku Klux Klan. And whereas Cyprian fleeing the world finds asylum with the Brides of Night; Chick Counterfly fleeing the riders of the night finds asylum with the Chums of Chance.

Cf: p. 959 regarding the Orthodox schema of initiation and nyx. 
This is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_negativa ''Via Negativa''] or Apophathic theology which seeks to describe God by negation, by what cannot be said or ascribed to God. Hesychast Gregory Palamas followed this path as did many Eastern Christian fathers. Before them it can be found in Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hesiod and Plotinus. Indeed the theogony of Nyx given on p.959 is almost directly from Hesiod, where chaos is likened to anarchos. The via negativa is a mainstay of Christian mysticism (The Cloud of Unknowing, Dark Night of the Soul, Meister Eckart); Vedanta (Upanishads) "neti, neti"; Buddhism -- anatta, nirvana; Taoism -- the uncarved block, "the way that can be spoken is not the true way," empty but inexhaustible; and Islam -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi Shurarwardi], who speaks of the pure immaterial light, the luminous darkness.

==Page 962==

'''don't look back . . . or he'll take you below . . . down to America''' 
Orpheus and Eurydice again. And Lot and his wife, from Book 2.

'''And Cyprian was taken behind a great echoless door''' 
Cyprian's final transcendence of desire—which at one point we might have taken as a ''renunciation'' of desire—prompts a review of how desire itself has been presented in ''AtD.'' See text and annotations:
*Harald the Ruthless learns about desire and the forsaking of desire, [[ATD_119-148#Page_127|p. 127]]
*Scarsdale Vibe experiences a kind of desire for Kit, [[ATD_149-170#Page_158|p. 158]]
*Contemplating Yashmeen's neck, Cyprian experiences desire "of rather a specialized sort," [[ATD_489-524#Page_499|p. 499]]
*"Unreflective desire" rules Cyprian's days on the Lagoon, [[ATD_695-723#Page_708|p. 708]]
*Aspects of desire, or rather his responses to it, define Auberon Halfcourt's "two creatures resident within the same life," [[ATD_748-767#Page_759|759]]
*Cyprian first experiences a "release from desire," [[ATD_821-848#Page_839|p. 839]]
*Cyprian displays an "appetite for sexual abasement" with "a religious surrender of the self"; Yashmeen sees salvation in his surrender, [[ATD_864-891#Page_876|pp. 876-77]]
*Cyprian's transcendence of desire will be Yashmeen's reprieve from "political forms" and "utopian dreams," [[ATD_919-945#Page_942|p. 942]]

==Page 963==

'''Plain of Thrace . . . Rhodopes . . . Pirin range''' 
From the convent/castle around Sliven in the Stara Planina or Sredna Gora, south across the Maritsa valley, southwest across the Rhodope mountain range, southwest through the higher Pirins. Close to the present Bulgarian-Greek-Macedonian borders, on a generally southwestward track to the southwest corner of Bulgaria.

'''To move through it would be to struggle against time...''' 
Time and Light are linked by Relativity Theory. According to the equations, as an object approaches the speed of light, time dilates. The speed of light cannot be exceeded; time speeds up to accomodate any such attempt. (Doesn't time slow down? I.e., from the point of view of an observer not on the speeding object, doesn't a clock on the object run slow?) This has nothing directly to do with the ''brightness'' of the light, however; light of whatever intensity travels at the same speed.

'''In mid-October . . . invaded Macedonia''' 
1912, First Balkan War. The text does not mention Montenegro, which was active as well. Insofar as war aims played any role, everybody aimed to get Turkey out of the Balkans, but there was little unity beyond that. 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Balkan_War The First Balkan War] (1912-1913) was fought between the members of the Balkan League—Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro—and the Ottoman Empire. The league was formed under Russian auspices in the spring of 1912 to take Macedonia away from Turkey. Montenegro opened hostilities with Turkey on October 8, 1912 and the other members of the league delcared war on October 18. The Ottoman's army collapsed and disintegrated in first two months' fighting. The war officially ended with the signing in London on May 30, 1913 a peace treaty in which the Ottoman Empire lost almost all of its European territory including all of Macedonia and Albania—Macedonia was divided between Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece; Albania was declared independent.

'''. . . by the twenty-second, fighting between Bulgarians and Turks was heavy around Kumanovo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumanovo Kumanovo] is located in northern Macedonia near present-day border with Serbia, about 15 miles northeast of Skopje, the capital of the country.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo The Battle of Kumanovo] (October 23-24, 1912) was a major battle of the First Balkan War. After the outbreak of hostilities, three Serbian Armies, from left to right the 3rd, 1st and 2nd, advanced southwards towards Skopje. They defeated the Ottoman's 7th and 6th corps at Kumanovo in two day's fighting. The Ottoman's armies retreated 50 miles southwards all the way to Prilep, and the Serbians entered Skopje on October 26 without a fight. 

'''Adrianople''' 
Now called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edirne Edirne]. It is situated at the westernmost part of Turkey, at the present-day Turkish-Greek frontier near the Turkey/Greece/Bulgaria triple point.

'''''mehana''''' 
Mehana is Serbian and Bulgarian for the Turkish word [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehana meyhane].

'''from Philippopolis . . . Adrianople''' 
From Plovdiv southeastward down the Maritsa to Adrianople (now called Edirne).

'''Ivanoff's Second Army''' 
General Nikola Ivanov's Second Army of Bulgaria advanced from Philippopolis southeastwards to Adrianople along the Maritsa river.

==Page 964==

'''west through Strumica and Valandovo . . . the Vardar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumica Strumica] is in the southeast of present-day Macedonia; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valandovo Valandovo] is about 8 miles to the southwest. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardar Vardar], passing by near Valandovo, is the major river of Macedonia, flowing north to south more or less.

'''the Tikveš wine country''' 
A plain in the center of present-day Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikve%C5%A1 Wikipedia]

'''Monastir''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitola Bitola] in southwest Macedonia.

'''becoming a popular, perhaps someday a national, delusion.''' 
That is, if these Turkish provinces can become nations, these horrors can be cleansed to become the national foundation myth. Nations based on ethnic division was in fact the basis for the peace settlements ending World War I.

'''between Veles and Prilep''' 
In central Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veles_%28city%29 Veles] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prilep Prilep]

==Page 965==

'''by way of Kičevo and Prilep''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Devo Kičevo] is in western present-day Macedonia, Prilep more in the middle. Two Serbian columns?

'''Babuna Pass''' 
North of Prilep.

'''Russian Madsen guns and . . . Montenegrin Rexers''' 
They refer to [http://www.landships.freeservers.com/new_pages/madsen_mg_info.htm Danish Madsen light machine guns].

'''Howitzer''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howitzer Wikipedia entry]

'''"Once they get their line and length," she said''' 
A very good cricket joke by Yashmeen. Effective bowling requires the ball to be directed on the "line" of the stumps defended by the batsman, and not wide on either side. The ball must hit the pitch (the ground) in front of the batsman "on a good length", ie not too short or too full, because such deliveries can be hit more easily. Reef is either very sharp, or played cricket in Colorado.

==Page 966==

'''I Zingari''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: I.Z.]] 
I Zingari (from the Italian for "the gypsies") is an English amateur cricket club which was formed on 4 July 1845, by a very aristocratic parentage. Also known as IZ, I Zingari is a wandering (or nomadic) club, having no home ground. Its club colours are black, red and gold, symbolizing the motto "out of darkness, through fire, into light"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Zingari]. The colors, therefore, are the anarchist Red and Black, plus gold. "Out of darkness, through fire, into light" could be the motto of every seeker in AtD, and certainly applies to Yasmeen at the present moment.

==Page 967==

'''Sarakatsàni''' 
Not a place but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarakatsani a people], Greek-speaking nomadic shepherds across the Southern Balkans well beyond the present-day borders of Greece.

'''Bukovo Pass''' 
??? Here's a [http://outdoors.webshots.com/photo/2110787010065488803qeBkDg map] with the pass and Ohrid.

'''down into Ohrid''' 
Extreme southwest of present-day Macedonia, by Lake Ohrid, a bordering lake shared between Macedonia and Albania.

'''Liman von Sanders''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Liman_von_Sanders Otto Liman von Sanders] (1855-1929), German advisor to Turkish military. In overall command of Turkish victories at the Dardanelles in 1915. Remember the earlier discussion about English and Russian fears of German influences in the Ottoman Empire, especially re the Berlin/ Baghdad railway.

'''But now the Serbs knew they could beat them''' 
A fatal conclusion, contributing to the recklessness of Serbian nationalism, and intransigence in the face of Ausrtrian demands in the wake of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. Serbia suffered terrible reverses in World War I.

==Page 968==

'''Sveti Naum''' 
Macedonian: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Naum St. Naum]. Large monastery on the lakefront south of Ohrid.

'''the defeat at Monastir''' 
The Serbian army decisively defeated the Ottoman army at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bitola Battle of Bitola] (Monastir) November 16-19, 1912.

'''Yanina''' 
Now Ioánnina, in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_%28region%29 Epirus] province of present-day Greece, about 60 miles east of the Corfu island. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina Ioannina], about 270 miles northwest of Athens, is located in the western Greece 25 miles from the Albanian border.

'''Pogradeci, on the road to Korça''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogradeci Pogradec], Albania, across the lake from Ohrid, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB Korcë], 20 miles south of Pogradeci, southeastern Albania near present-day Greek border.

==Page 969==

'''Erseka''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erseka Ersekë], southeastern Albania near the Greek border, 20 miles south of Korca.

'''Gramoz Range . . . Pindus''' 
Grámmos on present-day maps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindus Pindus] range runs mainly north-south in northwestern Greece; the [http://www.gtp.gr/LocPage.asp?Id=60639 Grámmos] range marks the boundary of Greece and Albania (and also the boundary between two Greek provinces, one of them named Macedonia).

'''šarplaninec''' 
Or šarplaninac. Named for the Šar Planina mountain range. It's a largeish working breed. Compare the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0arplaninac Wikipedia article] with the description of Kseniya's temperament.

'''Kseniya''' 
The name (here in Macedonian form; elsewhere Xenia) means "guest, stranger."

==Page 970==

'''''tungjatjeta''''' 
Albanian: hello! Literally: "may you have a long life" 

'''Gras''' 
1874 French rifle.

'''''një rosë vdekuri''''' 
Albanian: "What we call a rose"...Allusion to Juliet's line from Romeo & Juliet: "that what we call a rose/ by any other name would smell as sweet"

'''''Vëlla''''' 
Albanian: brother

'''Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin''' 
The most important of the hereditary codes of conduct that shape the inter-generational behavior of the rural Albanians that make up the overwhelming majority of the Kosovar population. The Kanun of Lek Dukagin probably emerged in the 15th Century but was not even written down until the 19th Century. The foundation of the Kanun is the concept of personal honor and at the center of its laws is the blood feud, a complicated system of vendettas aimed at obtaining satisfaction ''vis a vis'' punishment. There are four major offenses to personal honor under the Kanun:

#calling a man a liar in front of other men;
#insulting his wife;
#taking his weapons; and
#violating his hospitality.

These offenses are not paid for in property or by fines but by the spilling of blood or by a magnanimous pardon.

From [http://www.d-n-i.net/fcs/comments/c339.htm Balkan Primer (X) - Blood Feuds, Kanuns, and American Policy]

==Page 971==

'''rakia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakia Rakia] is a hard liquor similar to brandy.

'''''Gëzuar!''''' 
Albanian: Cheers!

'''Tosk''' 
Principal [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian southern dialect] of Albanian, basis of the literary language.

'''Përmeti''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrmet Përmet] on present-day maps, 20 miles southwest of Erseke.

'''Gjirokastra''' 
Argyrokastron on old maps, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr Gjirokastër] on new ones, 20 miles soutwest of Permeti near the south end of Albania; about 15 miles from the Adriatic coast.

'''Vjosa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjosa Vijosë] on present-day maps. The Vijose river flows through Permeti northwestwards to the Adriatic Sea.

==Page 972==

'''There was a cease-fire in effect now among all parties except for Greece, still trying to take Yanina''' 
In less than two months since the First Balkan War started on October 8, 1912 the Ottoman's army was totally defeated losing Salonica, Albania, Epirus, Macedonia and Thrace to its opponents and Adrianople was under siege since November 17. An armistice was signed between Bulgaria (Serbia and Montenegro) and Turkey on December 3. Greece continued the war alone, aiming to capture Ioannina. In the Battle of Bizani, February 20-21, 1913 Greece defeated the last Ottoman army ever to enter Macedonia and Epirus and took Ioannina.

'''Muzina Pass''' 
In Southern Albania it is 572 meters high.It connects Sarande [below] with the Drinos Valley. Wikipedia, German edition.
[[Image:corfu.jpg|thumb|Corfu harbor ca. 1890|right]]
'''Agli Saranta''' 
Present-day maps identify this Albanian Riviera town as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarand%C3%AB Sarandë], located between high mountains and the Ionian Sea facing Greek island of Corfu.

'''Corfu''' 
Western Greek island off the Greek/Albanian coast. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu Corfu],a 40-mile long island, is separated from Albania by straits varying in breadth from 2 to 25 miles. The principal town of the island, located in the east-central side of island facing Greece mainland, is also named ''Corfu''. Mt Pantokrator, a 3000-ft mountain in north-eastern Corfu, is the highest on the island—at its summit the whole island as well as Albania can be seen. Corfu island's turbulent history is full of battles and conquests; for example, between 1386 to 1797 it was under Venetian protection, in 1800s under French and the British from 1815, and it unified with Greece only as late as 1864. The 1981 James Bond movie ''For Your Eyes Only'' was filmed in Corfu.

'''Pantokratoras''' 
South of Mouzaki, Greece. Famous for Byzantine icon screens.
:Mouzaki and [http://www.zanteguru.com/places/pantokratoras.html Pantokratoras] are villages in Zante island, the last large Ionian Island down the Greek coast 80 miles south from Corfu island. The fishing boat traveling from Sarande to Corfu will not detour to Zante island first. 
Pantokratoras here refers to Mt Pantokrator (see ''Corfu'' above), a mountain in the northeast part of Corfu island, any boat traveling from Albanian town to the town of Corfu has to pass it.

'''St. Spiridion''' 
[http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/SaintsAlive/id648.htm St. Spiridion]

'''XI''' 
Eleven: a cricket team.

'''Lefkas''' 
Or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefkas Levkás], Leucas or Lefkada, the next sizable Ionian Island down the Greek coast from Corfu. Corinth and Lefkás were allies in the Peloponnesian War. Lefkás later was the capital of the Acarnanian League (3d cent. B.C.). The island was captured (1697) from the Ottoman Turks by Venice, which held it until 1797. There are ruins of Cyclopean walls and a temple to Apollo Leukates. Sappho is said, probably falsely, to have committed suicide by plunging into the sea from a cliff of the island. Lefkás is also known as Santa Maura. Columbia Encyclopedia.

'''demotic''' 
[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/demotic demotic]

==Page 973==

'''hot-pepper salamis''' 
are often paired with fragrant bunches of oregano. The hot pepper is present in salamis as well. They are big and red or as in the typical soppressata version, have a squashed shape due to their ageing under weights.

'''the Compassionate''' 
Yashmeen, Auberon and "the Compassionate" have come together before. On page 749 she wrote to him of her dream:
:We ascended, or rather, we were taken aloft, as if in mechanical rapture, to a great skyborne town and a small band of serious young people, dedicated to resisting death and tyranny, whom I understood at once to be the Compassionate.

Speculation: The Chums of Chance = The Compassionate = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes (Furies)?

'''the Esplanade''' 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli02.html#11 The Esplanade] is famed as "the largest square in the Balkans". Beginning in 1576 for 12 years, the houses huddled around the gate of a fortress was being demolished to allow the defenders a better view over the area leaving a great space which the French later planted with trees and today forms the Espalnde Square.

'''fiacre''' 
A small hackney carriage. [French, after the Hôtel de Saint Fiacre in Paris.]

'''Durazzo''' 
Now Durrës, Albania, nearest coastal city to the capital, Tiranë. It will be more than 100 miles north of Corfu.

'''casus belli''' 
An occasion or cause for war.

'''ouzo''' 
a colorless anise-flavored Greek liqueur. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouzo Wikipedia]

==Page 974==

'''Volodya''' 
Diminutive form of ''Vladimir.'' Not Colonel Prokladka.

'''a transaction in jade''' 
Bought/got jade low, sold high. 
You have to wonder if Aubrey didn't make his profit on a stolen gem, [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|such as an idol's eye.]]

'''one of those turns''' 
. . . And aren't there a lot of them through here.

==Page 975==

'''Garitsa''' 
Latitude 39.6139 Longitude 19.9197 Altitude (feet) 3
Lat (DMS) 39° 36' 50N Long (DMS) 19° 55' 11E Altitude (meters) 0 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli03.html#30 A suburb of Corfu by the Garitsa Bay] with a handsome, tree-lined coastal road with neo-Classical buildings on one side and the Garitsa Bay on the other; and a narrow tree-filled park where local taverns and grillrooms set out their tables under the trees.

'''Leadville Fan-Tan''' 
A card game, played no doubt in the gambling halls of Leadville, Colorado. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan#The_Card_Game_Fantan Wikipedia entry].

'''leptas''' 
Bastard plural of ''lepton'' (Greek = a low-denomination coin). Plural in Greek is ''lepta.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_lepton Wikipedia]

'''tsingarelli''' 
???

'''polenta''' 
Originally Italian; dish similar to cornmeal mush. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenta Wikipedia]

'''yaprakia''' 
Stuffed grape leaves (similar to dolmathes). [http://www.greek-recipe.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article169 recipe and pic]

'''stoufado''' 
Possibly an alternative spelling of ''stifado'' (Greek = beef and onion stew)? Apparently it is an Italian spelling, as stoufado appears on this [http://www.pietroizzo.com/contacts/pi_7/2004/2004_23.html page] (which is written in Italian) in the sentence starting with "La cucina greca" (Greek cuisine).

'''Mavrodaphne''' 
Red fortified wine made in the Achaia region of Greece. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavrodaphne Wikipedia]

'''Hrisoula''' 
The cat bears the name of King Yrjö's wife (GR 119).

'''''rembetika''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rembetika Rembetika]: the songs of the Greek underground, sung by the so-called rebetes (Greek: ρεμπέτης). Rebetes were unconventional people who lived outside the social order. They first appeared after the Greek War of Independence of 1821.

'''''karsilamas''''' 
[http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/dances/karsilam.htm a traditional Greek dance]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 946-975

2007-07-27T13:52:12Z

Phidre: /* Page 952 */ Edison, voices of the dead

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 946==

'''Orpheus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Wikipedia] entry for Orpheus, click on Death of Eurydice when you get there.

'''Young woman, there is money everywhere''' 
Even this spiritual expedition has an accountant. 
Also, Pluto, Lord of the Underworld - with all its mineral wealth - is the original plutocrat.

'''''Interdikt'' line''' 
That horizontal line on the map again.

'''Veliko Târnovo''' 
North central Bulgaria on north side of Stara Planina range. Just for Bulgarian Pynchon uses at least two transliteration systems; where you see the letter ''â'' in this system, another will have ''u.'' Present-day transliteration from Bulgarian uses the letter ''ǔ.'' The sound resembles the U in "bump"; it's represented by Ъ in the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet.

'''''ruchenitsa''''' 
Bulgarian: a folk dance. The ''u'' represents the "uh" sound.

'''St. Tryphon's Day''' 
St. Tryphon or Trypho is the protector of fields. Feast day is Feb. 1 in the Orthodox calendar; at the time of the action the western and eastern calendars had drifted 12 or 13 days apart, throwing the Gregorian (western) date toward mid-February.

==Page 947==

'''Dimyat''' 
Bulgarian wine made from grapes grown near the Black Sea coast.

'''Misket''' 
Muscatel wine.

'''May, I think''' 
1912. The date gets pegged a few pages further on.

'''Kazanlâk''' 
Central Bulgaria, south slope of Stara Planina range, halfway between Plovdiv and Veliko Târnovo.

'''Rozovata Dolina''' 
Bulgarian: rose valley. The Dimitrov Dam (completed in 1955, so not yet in existence at this point in AtD) may have filled part of the valley with a reservoir. Mild confusion: The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Valley%2C_Bulgaria Wikipedia entry] gives the Bulgarian name as ''Rosova dolina.''

'''between the Balkan range and the Sredna Gora''' 
Mountain ranges running east-west across Bulgaria, the Balkan (Stara Planina) to the north. ''Stara Planina'' = Old Range, ''Sredna Gora'' = Central Mountains.

This is, in fact, Eastern Rumelia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Rumelia].

'''''mutri''''' 
Bulgarian, literally: mugs, wry faces.

==Page 948==

'''Petrich''' 
Extreme southwestern Bulgaria, near the Bulgaria/Greece/Macedonia triple point.

'''on Macedonian border''' 
Today's maps reflect another century of boundary fights and negotiations. Petrich is not right on the present border, for example.

'''between Plovdiv and Petrich''' 
Southwest quarter of Bulgaria.

'''the music stopped two years ago''' 
I.e., in 1910.

==Page 949==

'''called out to, by their diminutives''' 
You can make a list of "nicknames" from most any Slavic name. In Russian, for example, ''Aleksandr'' is informally called Alyosha, Sasha, Sashenka, etc. The irregulars are boys from the neighborhood and get addressed as such.

'''crossing ''R. damascena'' with ''R. alba''''' 
Species of roses. The species most used in attar-making is ''Rosa damascena.''

==Page 950==

'''named the baby Ljubica''' 
Serbo-Croatian: violet (the flower). Commemorating Cyprian's toilette at Carnesalve, I suggest; see pages 881 and 891. '''The name is pronounced LYOO-beet-sah.''' In light of the musical theme, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubica_Mari%C4%87 Ljubica Marić], b. 1909, considered to be one of the most original composers to emerge from Yugoslavia, should be noted.

'''toroidal black iron antenna . . . one of those Tesla rigs''' 
I.e., made to transmit or receive energy wirelessly. 
Sounds like another [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardenclyffe_Tower Wardenclyffe Tower]

==Page 951==

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
The Canadian band Rush (see note p. 708, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography]) has a song on the 1981 album ''Moving Pictures'' called ''YYZ'' (Why Yz-les-Bains?). (YYZ is actually the airport code for Toronto, Canada).

'''Mihály Vámos''' 
Hungarian name, but ''vámos'' is also Spanish = go!

'''''Szia, haver''''' 
Hungarian: Hello buddy!

==Page 952==

'''''...these are voices of the dead. Edison and Marconi both feel that the syntonic wireless can be developed as a way to communicate with departed spirits.''''' 
According to [http://skepdic.com/evp.html this website], Edison did not rule out this possibility, but what he says does not sound so enthusiastic either. Still this links up with the seance in the Swiss alps. Also interesting: In an article for the ''North American Review'' in June, 1878, Edison lists the recording of "the last words of dying persons" among ten possible uses for his newly invented phonograph. 

'''''Zabraneno''''' 
Bulgarian: the forbidden. Same meaning as ''Interdikt.''

'''an attar-factory rep''' 
Attar: a fragrant essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers; attar of roses, a fragrant extract of the petals. And indeed, rose oil is the most important commodity produced in the Rozovata Dolina, with Kazanlak being the trade center for the product.

'''Philippopolis''' 
Philippopolis is now Plovdiv, located 40-50 miles south of the valley. Plovdiv was Philippopolis in 342 B.C., when it was conquered by Philip II of Macedonia and by the 1st century A.D. had undergone 2 more name changes: to Pulpudeva and to Thrimonzium. The name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv Plovdiv] first appeared around 1369.

That brings up an important point. There's all kinds of evidence in ''AtD'' that Pynchon has appropriated history as he found it in contemporary sources. And it's a good bet that much of the published history came from Britain. Writers today like to use "local" names, but that wasn't so in earlier times. The 1911 ''Brittanica,'' for example, has entry after entry under "Henry" for monarchs who went by Heinrich, Henri, Enrique and so forth. This now-unfashionable conservatism, picked up and repeated in ''AtD,'' means we shouldn't expect to see a reference to Sevastopol'; look instead for Sebastopol. Similarly we'd see Budweis instead of České Budějovice if the subject of brewing arose. And Philippopolis follows the pattern.

'''casemate''' 
In a fortification, an armored room or emplacement for artillery. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casemate Wikipedia]

==Page 953==

'''it's only chlorine . . . you get phosgene''' 
Accurate account of the process then used to produce phosgene. Today an activated carbon catalyst replaces the sunlight.

'''''motoros''''' 
Cyclist, biker, referring here to Mihaly Vamos.

'''light is..the destructive agent''' 
Thematic,of course, when non-natural light is created....studies back to
'city illumination'. Cf. Telluride chapter.

'''Fear in lethal form''' 
This is strongly reminiscent of the "Panic fear" (p. 151) unleashed by the Vormance Expedition's digging up of the buried alien - the "incendiary Figure."

'''millions of candles per square inch''' 
Not easily converted to other units of measurement. Since the International Candle was defined as the light output from a specified wax candle, imagine a source emitting as much light as a million candles. Then imagine the sky covered with such sources, one to a square inch. No, it's unimaginably bright—disorienting, blinding, probably scorching. Recalls Olbers' paradox: in an infinite universe, we should see a star in every direction ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olbers%27_paradox wikipedia]; pay attention to the Edgar Allan Poe quotation).

'''Shipka''' 
A very small village in Bulgaria's Central Balkan Mountains, near a mountain pass of strategic importance, which connects northern Bulgaria to Upper Thrace (East Rumelia). It was the site of a battle between the Russian army and the Ottoman Turks in 1877.

'''''Sok szerencsét''''' 
Hungarian: good luck.

==Page 954==

'''Thrace''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace Thrace] is a region in southeast Europe spreading over southern Bulgaria, northwestern Greece, and European Turkey.

'''Varna''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna Varna] is a major seaport of Bulgaria on the Black Sea Coast. It is the third largest city of the country and a primary tourist destination. One of the oldest cities in Europe and site of the alleged world's oldest gold treasure (5th millennium BC radiocarbon dating).

==Page 955==

'''''folie à trois''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folie_%C3%A0_deux ''Folie à deux''] describes delusional behavior displayed by two people; here it's by three. With ''folie à deux'', the crucial point is that the sum is more than the parts: behaviors or actions only occur because of the two people interacting.

'''hebephrenic''' 
Involving delusions, hallucinations, pointless and childish behavior.

'''raptors''' 
birds of prey.

'''Sliven''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliven Sliven] is a town east of Kazanlâk, nearly the geographic center of the country, Bulgaria.

'''the ''Halkata''''' 
Bulgarian ''khalka'': ring. The suffix ''-ta'' is a definite article. An existing formation in Bulgaria [http://noe2002.hit.bg/index1.html pic].

'''Ulitsa Rakovsky''' 
Bulgarian: Rakovsky Street. Georgi Rakovsky (1821-67), Bulgarian freedom fighter.

==Page 956==

'''''krâchma''''' 
Pronounced like CRUTCH-mah. Bulgarian: tavern.

'''Byal Sredets''' 
The [http://www.alibaba.com/catalog/11426692/Bulgarian_Cigarettes.html Sredets or Sredetz] lines of cigarettes are still produced. ''Byal'' just means "white"; Byal Sredets was (speculatively) a sub-brand.

After not too much searching, no cigar(-ettes) but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byala%2C_Varna_Province Byala] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredets Sredets] are towns near Varna, and silly speculation: to a non-Bulgarian English speaker, Byal Sredets, kind of looks like it could sound like "buy all cigarettes," if you pronounce Sredets as sir-e-dets.

:Byala and Sredets are not in [http://www.bulgartabac.bg/l_plants.html major tobacco-growing regions] of Bulgaria. If we have to try parsing the brand name (and we do), ''Sredets'' may refer to the [[ATD_946-975#Page_947|Sredna Gora]] growing region. 
Sredets is the old Bulgarian name of Sofia, and now a municipality within the city.

Byal is also evocative of beyul, Baikal and bi-locale.

Please see [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Binarisms_Discussion Binarisms Discussion] for more on Byal as white on the Black Sea, and other dualities in AtD.

'''''Zdrave . . . kakvo ima?''''' 
Bulgarian: Good health . . . what's the matter?

'''Bogomils''' 
Heretical sect in Balkans with doctrinal links to Cathars and Albigensians. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogomilism Bogomilism]arose out of a combination of pre-Christian Bulgarian gnosticism and a peasant reaction against oppression from the institutional church and state. Essentially anarchist in outlook, it holds that there is a duality in the creation of the world. Social structures derive from Satan, an Angel (of Death ) and eldest child of God, who was sent to Earth. Only things that spring from the human soul are truly good. Therefore, the established church, state and all social heirarchies are undermined. Bogomils refused to pay taxes, to work, or to fight for the state. Anarchism with a theological bent, Bogomilism was popular in Bulgaria and the Balkans from 950 to about 1396.

Much of what is known about the Bogomils comes from the antithetical polemic with the "interesting" name ''Against the Heretics'' written not by St. Cosmas, or Randolph St. Cosmo, but Presbyter Cosmas, also refered to in some places as St. Cosmo (Kozma), a 10th century Bulgarian church official.

Of further note, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bogomils Bogomil propaganda] followed "the mountain chains of central Europe, starting from the Balkans and continuing along the Carpathian Mountains, the Alps and the Pyrenees..." and so might be called, ''The Light Over the Ranges."

'''''Pavlikeni''''' 
Sources differ on the meaning: (1) Bulgarian Catholics; (2) members of a heretical sect with dualist (Manichean) doctrines influenced by beliefs of the Bogomils. Also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulicianism Paulicianism].

Something interesting is going on here. There are two different meanings of the word Pavlikeni which pivot on the date TRP gives in the text, 1650. Originally the Pavlikeni were synonomous with the Bogomils. Churches all over Europe and Russia , Orthodox and Roman, persecuted the sect and this ended in the Balkans only when the Turks conquered the area. So from 950 to about 1389 (430 years!!) they were oppressed. From 1389 to 1650 (300 years more) the Bogomils lived peacefully under the Turks as Pavlikeni (still heretics). Then in 1650 the Roman Church gathered them into its fold. No less than 14 villages in the area embraced Catholicism. Questions: 1) Why did the Pavlikeni all of a sudden "convert" after 700 years (!!) of persecution by The Church? For protection from Turkish oppression? 2) How was this allowed under Turkish rule? 3) Why was the Roman church in a largely Orthodox corner of Europe?

The monastery Cyprian joins is pure Bogomil. It did not convert (sell out?) to Rome in 1650, but continues its heresy.

One more point. It is interesting that in the beginning of AtD (p. 10), TRP writes that stockyard workers were "overwhelmingly of the Roman faith." But here, Cyprian finds redemption from slaughter "there will be no more wars" in the arms of a Bogomil monastery. It appears that TRP is making the very subtle claim that the Church of Rome is not only a party to the great power institutions in history, but like them based on the blood of Christ, cows and the bovine mentality of soulless citizen/laborers. Only those who resist Rome and worldly power structures in general are truly free and they are the ensouled, the heretical, the Anarchist.

Seconded. TRP was raised a Catholic and was said to go to Mass regularly
at Cornell. From V. to AtD, his perspective on historic Catholicism is ...richer(?).... than a "simple" Catholic believer's, at least.

'''Hebrus River . . . Maritza''' 
The Maritza or Maritsa flows west to east, draining Bulgaria between the Stara Planina (Balkan range) and the Rhodopes, then turns south and west to the Aegean Sea. The port at its mouth, in Greece, is called Evros, a name derived from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrus Hebrus].

==Page 957==

'''Manichæans''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_429-459#Page_437 page 437] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M the index at M].

'''Pythagorean ''akousmata''''' 
"Avoid beans." [[A|See explanation in the "A" alphabetical page.]] 

In ''V.'' TRP mentions ''The White Goddess'' by Robert Graves. The Pythagorean mystics, Graves writes, derived their bean aversion from the Pelasgians of Samos (Greece) which puts them in close connection with the Orphic and Druidic.

The flower of the bean is white like a spirit. Beans grow spirally "up its prop" symbolizing resurrection or reincarnation. Ghosts contrived to be reborn as humans by entering into beans and being eaten by women (Pliny mentions this). Eating beans somehow ran the risk of frustrating a dead parent's wish for progeny or rebirth. Beans were also thrown behind one's back to ward of ghosts. 

By contrast, Platonists excused their aversion on the grounds that beans caused flatulence. "Life was breath, and to break wind after eating beans was a proof that one had eaten a living soul -- in Greek and Latin the same words, ''pneuma'' and ''anima''," words that also meant gust of wind, breath, soul, spirit. Can wind have a spiritual significance in AtD?

:Does this give a twist to the meaning of Chicago as "The Windy City" at the beginning of the book -- Chicago as the "City of the Dead," especially as the cattle drives are pictured as being a gradual reduction of choice and freedom that ends in the Cartesian grid of the city and finally the killing-floor of the slaughterhouse?

Graves goes on to say that the bean belonged to the "White Goddess" who he identified with the Roman goddess Cranaë, the 'harsh or stony one,' a Greek surname of the Goddess Artemis. Artemis owned a hill-temple near Delphi in which the office of priest was always held by a boy for a five year term, and a cypress-grove, the Cranaeum, just outside Corinth. Cranaë is etymologically related to the Gaelic 'cairn' -- a pile of stones erected on a mountain-top. Can Cyprian be related to the cypress grove and to Artemis, the barren goddess?

A further note, on p. 17, Chick Counterfly recounts the schemes he and his father worked in order to keep beans in the pot. They are bean-eating worldly men vs. the other-worldly non-eaters of T.W.I.T. and the Bogomils.

'''hegumen''' 

In the Greek Orthodox Church, head of a religious community. (And, silly aside, legumen, in Latin, means bean).

'''Tetractys''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_219|page 219: Tetractys]].

'''Zalmoxis''' 
This passage could almost have been drawn from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxis Wikipedia entry.]

'''Krâstova Gora''' 
Bulgarian: name of a mountain or range. [http://www.discover-bulgaria.com/Articles.aspx?ProductID=268&CategoryID=0&pg=3&srchString= Krâstova Gora] means "Mountain (or Forest) of the Cross" and is in the Rhodopes. The monk Grigorii, known as “the Rhodopean Paisii”, has named in his sermons the Central Rhodopes as the “Mountain of the Cross” or “Forest of the Cross”. The Russian Paisi is mentioned on [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_892-918#Page_904 page 904].

Is this sentence the orphan of some narrative that's been cut? Disclosure of the baby's sex is on p. 949 and has neither a mountain nor a church in it.

'''narthex''' 
Lobby or portico of a church.

==Page 958==

'''sympathetic spirits who had dug spaces beneath their own precarious dwellings to harbor her for a night or two at a time''' 
Compare the annotations on ''stranniki'' and ''podpol'niki'' [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|(page 663).]]

'''Bernadette o' Lourdes''' 
young woman who is reputed to have seen visions of the Mother of the Divine at Lourdes in France. See Wikipedia.

==Page 959==

'''Oh, there won't be any war''' 
Cyprian's self-discovered religiousness seems to make him overly optimistic--blind--to historical reality.

'''σχημα''' 
In English, ''schema.''

'''Νυξ''' 
In English, ''Nux'' or ''Nyx.'' cf Brides of Night below.

'''Talking, for women, is a form of breathing''' 
Compare p. 501: "a hundred women . . . all silent." Tying Noellyn/Yashmeen to Cyprian?

'''What is it that is born of light?''' 
Cyprian trying to make sense of his epiphany on page 953. 
Phosgene. 
Nicene Creed, "light of light, true God of true God, begotten not made"

==Page 960==

'''Hesychasts''' 
Contemplative hermits in Orthodox Church; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesychasts see Wikipedia entry.]
From the concise Brittanica: Hesychasm
in Eastern Christianity, type of monastic life in which practitioners seek divine quietness (Greek hesychia) through the contemplation of God in uninterrupted prayer. Such prayer, involving the entire human being—soul, mind, and body—is often called “pure,” or “intellectual,” prayer or the Jesus prayer. St. John Climacus, one of the greatest writers of the Hesychast tradition, wrote, “Let the remembrance of Jesus be present with each breath, and then you will know the value of the hesychia.” In the late 13th century, St. Nicephorus the Hesychast produced an even more precise “method of prayer,” advising novices to fix their eyes during prayer on the “middle of the body,” in order to achieve a more total attention, and to “attach the prayer to their breathing.” This practice was violently attacked in the first half of the 14th century by Barlaam the Calabrian, who called the Hesychasts omphalopsychoi, or people having their souls in their navels.

The Hesychast usually experiences the contemplation of God as light, the Uncreated Light of the theology of St Gregory Palamas. The Uncreated Light that the Hesychast experiences is identified with the Holy Spirit. Experiences of the Uncreated Light are allied to the 'acquisition of the Holy Spirit'. Orthodox Tradition warns against seeking ecstasy as an end in itself. Hesychasm is a traditional complex of ascetical practices embedded in the doctrine and practice of the Orthodox Church and intended to purify the member of the Orthodox Church and to make him ready for an encounter with God that comes to him when and if God wants, through God's Grace (note earlier mention of an "anti-Grace"). Very different from attainment of Nirvana.

'''Transfiguration of Christ''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus Transfiguration].

'''''omphalopsychoi''''' 
see above. "Hesychasts condemned as "having their souls in their navel".

'''Shekhinah''' 
The Kabbala calls this Spirit, Shekkinah, which, according to Harold Bloom, refers to the "feminine element in Yahweh." Shekkinah is God's maternal nature, Mother God, who broods over the Earth searching for and gathering the world's orphans and outcasts under her wings. 
The author of Genesis tells us this Spirit hovered over the earth before creation. That which dwells, that which abides.

'''shiny black accoutrements''' 
[[ATD_678-694#Page_678|See the delicious annotation to page 678.]]

'''Cosmas of Jerusalem''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Cosmas See the concise Wikipedia article.]

==Page 961==

'''metempsychosis''' 
Habitation by a soul of a different (or new) body; non-Orthodox concept related to reincarnation.

'''[i]f self-similarity proves to be a built-in property of the universe''' 
As it does seem to be. Example: a map of streams draining the side of a mountain is similar (though on a different scale) to a map of rivers draining half a continent.
:any mountain,any continent? 
:Um, no, it was an inexact statement, wasn't it. ''In a fairly broad sense,'' the way rivers join to form larger and larger streams is mirrored by the way tiny erosion channels join to form larger and larger gullies. Of course there's some continent that doesn't follow the pattern (Antarctica at present a pretty fair instance), and some mountain too (though I don't think of one offhand), but self-similarity is a widely encountered behavior. 
Moon and electron and sleep, death as text examples, are 'universe(al)' analogies.
:That is very much to the point, but self-similarity is stronger than analogy. "As above, so below" covers analogies but also behaviors at different scales that follow from common causes.

'''Brides of Night''' 
A name (used by whom?) of the order Cyprian seeks to join. 
This 'order' seems to be a creation of Pynchon's, an important metaphorical one. In Hesychasism, massive humility is stressed, as is the
linked notion that God is light and can never be known (not even after the Beatific Vision). So, a Bride of Night is a humble 'nun' who is married to the darkness of the Unknown God. 

A thought: The Brides of Night (in white robes?) is a religious parody of those "Riders of Night" in white robes who appear from time to time in the novel, viz., the Ku Klux Klan. And whereas Cyprian fleeing the world finds asylum with the Brides of Night; Chick Counterfly fleeing the riders of the night finds asylum with the Chums of Chance.

Cf: p. 959 regarding the Orthodox schema of initiation and nyx. 
This is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_negativa ''Via Negativa''] or Apophathic theology which seeks to describe God by negation, by what cannot be said or ascribed to God. Hesychast Gregory Palamas followed this path as did many Eastern Christian fathers. Before them it can be found in Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hesiod and Plotinus. Indeed the theogony of Nyx given on p.959 is almost directly from Hesiod, where chaos is likened to anarchos. The via negativa is a mainstay of Christian mysticism (The Cloud of Unknowing, Dark Night of the Soul, Meister Eckart); Vedanta (Upanishads) "neti, neti"; Buddhism -- anatta, nirvana; Taoism -- the uncarved block, "the way that can be spoken is not the true way," empty but inexhaustible; and Islam -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi Shurarwardi], who speaks of the pure immaterial light, the luminous darkness.

==Page 962==

'''don't look back . . . or he'll take you below . . . down to America''' 
Orpheus and Eurydice again. And Lot and his wife, from Book 2.

'''And Cyprian was taken behind a great echoless door''' 
Cyprian's final transcendence of desire—which at one point we might have taken as a ''renunciation'' of desire—prompts a review of how desire itself has been presented in ''AtD.'' See text and annotations:
*Harald the Ruthless learns about desire and the forsaking of desire, [[ATD_119-148#Page_127|p. 127]]
*Scarsdale Vibe experiences a kind of desire for Kit, [[ATD_149-170#Page_158|p. 158]]
*Contemplating Yashmeen's neck, Cyprian experiences desire "of rather a specialized sort," [[ATD_489-524#Page_499|p. 499]]
*"Unreflective desire" rules Cyprian's days on the Lagoon, [[ATD_695-723#Page_708|p. 708]]
*Aspects of desire, or rather his responses to it, define Auberon Halfcourt's "two creatures resident within the same life," [[ATD_748-767#Page_759|759]]
*Cyprian first experiences a "release from desire," [[ATD_821-848#Page_839|p. 839]]
*Cyprian displays an "appetite for sexual abasement" with "a religious surrender of the self"; Yashmeen sees salvation in his surrender, [[ATD_864-891#Page_876|pp. 876-77]]
*Cyprian's transcendence of desire will be Yashmeen's reprieve from "political forms" and "utopian dreams," [[ATD_919-945#Page_942|p. 942]]

==Page 963==

'''Plain of Thrace . . . Rhodopes . . . Pirin range''' 
From the convent/castle around Sliven in the Stara Planina or Sredna Gora, south across the Maritsa valley, southwest across the Rhodope mountain range, southwest through the higher Pirins. Close to the present Bulgarian-Greek-Macedonian borders, on a generally southwestward track to the southwest corner of Bulgaria.

'''To move through it would be to struggle against time...''' 
Time and Light are linked by Relativity Theory. According to the equations, as an object approaches the speed of light, time dilates. The speed of light cannot be exceeded; time speeds up to accomodate any such attempt. (Doesn't time slow down? I.e., from the point of view of an observer not on the speeding object, doesn't a clock on the object run slow?) This has nothing directly to do with the ''brightness'' of the light, however; light of whatever intensity travels at the same speed.

'''In mid-October . . . invaded Macedonia''' 
1912, First Balkan War. The text does not mention Montenegro, which was active as well. Insofar as war aims played any role, everybody aimed to get Turkey out of the Balkans, but there was little unity beyond that. 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Balkan_War The First Balkan War] (1912-1913) was fought between the members of the Balkan League—Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro—and the Ottoman Empire. The league was formed under Russian auspices in the spring of 1912 to take Macedonia away from Turkey. Montenegro opened hostilities with Turkey on October 8, 1912 and the other members of the league delcared war on October 18. The Ottoman's army collapsed and disintegrated in first two months' fighting. The war officially ended with the signing in London on May 30, 1913 a peace treaty in which the Ottoman Empire lost almost all of its European territory including all of Macedonia and Albania—Macedonia was divided between Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece; Albania was declared independent.

'''. . . by the twenty-second, fighting between Bulgarians and Turks was heavy around Kumanovo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumanovo Kumanovo] is located in northern Macedonia near present-day border with Serbia, about 15 miles northeast of Skopje, the capital of the country.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo The Battle of Kumanovo] (October 23-24, 1912) was a major battle of the First Balkan War. After the outbreak of hostilities, three Serbian Armies, from left to right the 3rd, 1st and 2nd, advanced southwards towards Skopje. They defeated the Ottoman's 7th and 6th corps at Kumanovo in two day's fighting. The Ottoman's armies retreated 50 miles southwards all the way to Prilep, and the Serbians entered Skopje on October 26 without a fight. 

'''Adrianople''' 
Now called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edirne Edirne]. It is situated at the westernmost part of Turkey, at the present-day Turkish-Greek frontier near the Turkey/Greece/Bulgaria triple point.

'''''mehana''''' 
Mehana is Serbian and Bulgarian for the Turkish word [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehana meyhane].

'''from Philippopolis . . . Adrianople''' 
From Plovdiv southeastward down the Maritsa to Adrianople (now called Edirne).

'''Ivanoff's Second Army''' 
General Nikola Ivanov's Second Army of Bulgaria advanced from Philippopolis southeastwards to Adrianople along the Maritsa river.

==Page 964==

'''west through Strumica and Valandovo . . . the Vardar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumica Strumica] is in the southeast of present-day Macedonia; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valandovo Valandovo] is about 8 miles to the southwest. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardar Vardar], passing by near Valandovo, is the major river of Macedonia, flowing north to south more or less.

'''the Tikveš wine country''' 
A plain in the center of present-day Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikve%C5%A1 Wikipedia]

'''Monastir''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitola Bitola] in southwest Macedonia.

'''becoming a popular, perhaps someday a national, delusion.''' 
That is, if these Turkish provinces can become nations, these horrors can be cleansed to become the national foundation myth. Nations based on ethnic division was in fact the basis for the peace settlements ending World War I.

'''between Veles and Prilep''' 
In central Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veles_%28city%29 Veles] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prilep Prilep]

==Page 965==

'''by way of Kičevo and Prilep''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Devo Kičevo] is in western present-day Macedonia, Prilep more in the middle. Two Serbian columns?

'''Babuna Pass''' 
North of Prilep.

'''Russian Madsen guns and . . . Montenegrin Rexers''' 
They refer to [http://www.landships.freeservers.com/new_pages/madsen_mg_info.htm Danish Madsen light machine guns].

'''Howitzer''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howitzer Wikipedia entry]

'''"Once they get their line and length," she said''' 
A very good cricket joke by Yashmeen. Effective bowling requires the ball to be directed on the "line" of the stumps defended by the batsman, and not wide on either side. The ball must hit the pitch (the ground) in front of the batsman "on a good length", ie not too short or too full, because such deliveries can be hit more easily. Reef is either very sharp, or played cricket in Colorado.

==Page 966==

'''I Zingari''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: I.Z.]] 
I Zingari (from the Italian for "the gypsies") is an English amateur cricket club which was formed on 4 July 1845, by a very aristocratic parentage. Also known as IZ, I Zingari is a wandering (or nomadic) club, having no home ground. Its club colours are black, red and gold, symbolizing the motto "out of darkness, through fire, into light"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Zingari]. The colors, therefore, are the anarchist Red and Black, plus gold. "Out of darkness, through fire, into light" could be the motto of every seeker in AtD, and certainly applies to Yasmeen at the present moment.

==Page 967==

'''Sarakatsàni''' 
Not a place but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarakatsani a people], Greek-speaking nomadic shepherds across the Southern Balkans well beyond the present-day borders of Greece.

'''Bukovo Pass''' 
??? Here's a [http://outdoors.webshots.com/photo/2110787010065488803qeBkDg map] with the pass and Ohrid.

'''down into Ohrid''' 
Extreme southwest of present-day Macedonia, by Lake Ohrid, a bordering lake shared between Macedonia and Albania.

'''Liman von Sanders''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Liman_von_Sanders Otto Liman von Sanders] (1855-1929), German advisor to Turkish military. In overall command of Turkish victories at the Dardanelles in 1915. Remember the earlier discussion about English and Russian fears of German influences in the Ottoman Empire, especially re the Berlin/ Baghdad railway.

'''But now the Serbs knew they could beat them''' 
A fatal conclusion, contributing to the recklessness of Serbian nationalism, and intransigence in the face of Ausrtrian demands in the wake of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. Serbia suffered terrible reverses in World War I.

==Page 968==

'''Sveti Naum''' 
Macedonian: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Naum St. Naum]. Large monastery on the lakefront south of Ohrid.

'''the defeat at Monastir''' 
The Serbian army decisively defeated the Ottoman army at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bitola Battle of Bitola] (Monastir) November 16-19, 1912.

'''Yanina''' 
Now Ioánnina, in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_%28region%29 Epirus] province of present-day Greece, about 60 miles east of the Corfu island. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina Ioannina], about 270 miles northwest of Athens, is located in the western Greece 25 miles from the Albanian border.

'''Pogradeci, on the road to Korça''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogradeci Pogradec], Albania, across the lake from Ohrid, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB Korcë], 20 miles south of Pogradeci, southeastern Albania near present-day Greek border.

==Page 969==

'''Erseka''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erseka Ersekë], southeastern Albania near the Greek border, 20 miles south of Korca.

'''Gramoz Range . . . Pindus''' 
Grámmos on present-day maps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindus Pindus] range runs mainly north-south in northwestern Greece; the [http://www.gtp.gr/LocPage.asp?Id=60639 Grámmos] range marks the boundary of Greece and Albania (and also the boundary between two Greek provinces, one of them named Macedonia).

'''šarplaninec''' 
Or šarplaninac. Named for the Šar Planina mountain range. It's a largeish working breed. Compare the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0arplaninac Wikipedia article] with the description of Kseniya's temperament.

'''Kseniya''' 
The name (here in Macedonian form; elsewhere Xenia) means "guest, stranger."

==Page 970==

'''''tungjatjeta''''' 
Albanian: hello! Literally: "may you have a long life" 

'''Gras''' 
1874 French rifle.

'''''një rosë vdekuri''''' 
Albanian: "What we call a rose"...Allusion to Juliet's line from Romeo & Juliet: "that what we call a rose/ by any other name would smell as sweet"

'''''Vëlla''''' 
Albanian: brother

'''Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin''' 
The most important of the hereditary codes of conduct that shape the inter-generational behavior of the rural Albanians that make up the overwhelming majority of the Kosovar population. The Kanun of Lek Dukagin probably emerged in the 15th Century but was not even written down until the 19th Century. The foundation of the Kanun is the concept of personal honor and at the center of its laws is the blood feud, a complicated system of vendettas aimed at obtaining satisfaction ''vis a vis'' punishment. There are four major offenses to personal honor under the Kanun:

#calling a man a liar in front of other men;
#insulting his wife;
#taking his weapons; and
#violating his hospitality.

These offenses are not paid for in property or by fines but by the spilling of blood or by a magnanimous pardon.

From [http://www.d-n-i.net/fcs/comments/c339.htm Balkan Primer (X) - Blood Feuds, Kanuns, and American Policy]

==Page 971==

'''rakia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakia Rakia] is a hard liquor similar to brandy.

'''''Gëzuar!''''' 
Albanian: Cheers!

'''Tosk''' 
Principal [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian southern dialect] of Albanian, basis of the literary language.

'''Përmeti''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrmet Përmet] on present-day maps, 20 miles southwest of Erseke.

'''Gjirokastra''' 
Argyrokastron on old maps, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr Gjirokastër] on new ones, 20 miles soutwest of Permeti near the south end of Albania; about 15 miles from the Adriatic coast.

'''Vjosa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjosa Vijosë] on present-day maps. The Vijose river flows through Permeti northwestwards to the Adriatic Sea.

==Page 972==

'''There was a cease-fire in effect now among all parties except for Greece, still trying to take Yanina''' 
In less than two months since the First Balkan War started on October 8, 1912 the Ottoman's army was totally defeated losing Salonica, Albania, Epirus, Macedonia and Thrace to its opponents and Adrianople was under siege since November 17. An armistice was signed between Bulgaria (Serbia and Montenegro) and Turkey on December 3. Greece continued the war alone, aiming to capture Ioannina. In the Battle of Bizani, February 20-21, 1913 Greece defeated the last Ottoman army ever to enter Macedonia and Epirus and took Ioannina.

'''Muzina Pass''' 
In Southern Albania it is 572 meters high.It connects Sarande [below] with the Drinos Valley. Wikipedia, German edition.
[[Image:corfu.jpg|thumb|Corfu harbor ca. 1890|right]]
'''Agli Saranta''' 
Present-day maps identify this Albanian Riviera town as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarand%C3%AB Sarandë], located between high mountains and the Ionian Sea facing Greek island of Corfu.

'''Corfu''' 
Western Greek island off the Greek/Albanian coast. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu Corfu],a 40-mile long island, is separated from Albania by straits varying in breadth from 2 to 25 miles. The principal town of the island, located in the east-central side of island facing Greece mainland, is also named ''Corfu''. Mt Pantokrator, a 3000-ft mountain in north-eastern Corfu, is the highest on the island—at its summit the whole island as well as Albania can be seen. Corfu island's turbulent history is full of battles and conquests; for example, between 1386 to 1797 it was under Venetian protection, in 1800s under French and the British from 1815, and it unified with Greece only as late as 1864. The 1981 James Bond movie ''For Your Eyes Only'' was filmed in Corfu.

'''Pantokratoras''' 
South of Mouzaki, Greece. Famous for Byzantine icon screens.
:Mouzaki and [http://www.zanteguru.com/places/pantokratoras.html Pantokratoras] are villages in Zante island, the last large Ionian Island down the Greek coast 80 miles south from Corfu island. The fishing boat traveling from Sarande to Corfu will not detour to Zante island first. 
Pantokratoras here refers to Mt Pantokrator (see ''Corfu'' above), a mountain in the northeast part of Corfu island, any boat traveling from Albanian town to the town of Corfu has to pass it.

'''St. Spiridion''' 
[http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/SaintsAlive/id648.htm St. Spiridion]

'''XI''' 
Eleven: a cricket team.

'''Lefkas''' 
Or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefkas Levkás], Leucas or Lefkada, the next sizable Ionian Island down the Greek coast from Corfu. Corinth and Lefkás were allies in the Peloponnesian War. Lefkás later was the capital of the Acarnanian League (3d cent. B.C.). The island was captured (1697) from the Ottoman Turks by Venice, which held it until 1797. There are ruins of Cyclopean walls and a temple to Apollo Leukates. Sappho is said, probably falsely, to have committed suicide by plunging into the sea from a cliff of the island. Lefkás is also known as Santa Maura. Columbia Encyclopedia.

'''demotic''' 
[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/demotic demotic]

==Page 973==

'''hot-pepper salamis''' 
are often paired with fragrant bunches of oregano. The hot pepper is present in salamis as well. They are big and red or as in the typical soppressata version, have a squashed shape due to their ageing under weights.

'''the Compassionate''' 
Yashmeen, Auberon and "the Compassionate" have come together before. On page 749 she wrote to him of her dream:
:We ascended, or rather, we were taken aloft, as if in mechanical rapture, to a great skyborne town and a small band of serious young people, dedicated to resisting death and tyranny, whom I understood at once to be the Compassionate.

Speculation: The Chums of Chance = The Compassionate = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes (Furies)?

'''the Esplanade''' 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli02.html#11 The Esplanade] is famed as "the largest square in the Balkans". Beginning in 1576 for 12 years, the houses huddled around the gate of a fortress was being demolished to allow the defenders a better view over the area leaving a great space which the French later planted with trees and today forms the Espalnde Square.

'''fiacre''' 
A small hackney carriage. [French, after the Hôtel de Saint Fiacre in Paris.]

'''Durazzo''' 
Now Durrës, Albania, nearest coastal city to the capital, Tiranë. It will be more than 100 miles north of Corfu.

'''casus belli''' 
An occasion or cause for war.

'''ouzo''' 
a colorless anise-flavored Greek liqueur. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouzo Wikipedia]

==Page 974==

'''Volodya''' 
Diminutive form of ''Vladimir.'' Not Colonel Prokladka.

'''a transaction in jade''' 
Bought/got jade low, sold high. 
You have to wonder if Aubrey didn't make his profit on a stolen gem, [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|such as an idol's eye.]]

'''one of those turns''' 
. . . And aren't there a lot of them through here.

==Page 975==

'''Garitsa''' 
Latitude 39.6139 Longitude 19.9197 Altitude (feet) 3
Lat (DMS) 39° 36' 50N Long (DMS) 19° 55' 11E Altitude (meters) 0 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli03.html#30 A suburb of Corfu by the Garitsa Bay] with a handsome, tree-lined coastal road with neo-Classical buildings on one side and the Garitsa Bay on the other; and a narrow tree-filled park where local taverns and grillrooms set out their tables under the trees.

'''Leadville Fan-Tan''' 
A card game, played no doubt in the gambling halls of Leadville, Colorado. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan#The_Card_Game_Fantan Wikipedia entry].

'''leptas''' 
Bastard plural of ''lepton'' (Greek = a low-denomination coin). Plural in Greek is ''lepta.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_lepton Wikipedia]

'''tsingarelli''' 
???

'''polenta''' 
Originally Italian; dish similar to cornmeal mush. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenta Wikipedia]

'''yaprakia''' 
Stuffed grape leaves (similar to dolmathes). [http://www.greek-recipe.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article169 recipe and pic]

'''stoufado''' 
Possibly an alternative spelling of ''stifado'' (Greek = beef and onion stew)? Apparently it is an Italian spelling, as stoufado appears on this [http://www.pietroizzo.com/contacts/pi_7/2004/2004_23.html page] (which is written in Italian) in the sentence starting with "La cucina greca" (Greek cuisine).

'''Mavrodaphne''' 
Red fortified wine made in the Achaia region of Greece. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavrodaphne Wikipedia]

'''Hrisoula''' 
The cat bears the name of King Yrjö's wife (GR 119).

'''''rembetika''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rembetika Rembetika]: the songs of the Greek underground, sung by the so-called rebetes (Greek: ρεμπέτης). Rebetes were unconventional people who lived outside the social order. They first appeared after the Greek War of Independence of 1821.

'''''karsilamas''''' 
[http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/dances/karsilam.htm a traditional Greek dance]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 946-975

2007-07-25T15:37:03Z

Phidre: /* Page 953 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 946==

'''Orpheus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Wikipedia] entry for Orpheus, click on Death of Eurydice when you get there.

'''Young woman, there is money everywhere''' 
Even this spiritual expedition has an accountant. 
Also, Pluto, Lord of the Underworld - with all its mineral wealth - is the original plutocrat.

'''''Interdikt'' line''' 
That horizontal line on the map again.

'''Veliko Târnovo''' 
North central Bulgaria on north side of Stara Planina range. Just for Bulgarian Pynchon uses at least two transliteration systems; where you see the letter ''â'' in this system, another will have ''u.'' Present-day transliteration from Bulgarian uses the letter ''ǔ.'' The sound resembles the U in "bump"; it's represented by Ъ in the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet.

'''''ruchenitsa''''' 
Bulgarian: a folk dance. The ''u'' represents the "uh" sound.

'''St. Tryphon's Day''' 
St. Tryphon or Trypho is the protector of fields. Feast day is Feb. 1 in the Orthodox calendar; at the time of the action the western and eastern calendars had drifted 12 or 13 days apart, throwing the Gregorian (western) date toward mid-February.

==Page 947==

'''Dimyat''' 
Bulgarian wine made from grapes grown near the Black Sea coast.

'''Misket''' 
Muscatel wine.

'''May, I think''' 
1912. The date gets pegged a few pages further on.

'''Kazanlâk''' 
Central Bulgaria, south slope of Stara Planina range, halfway between Plovdiv and Veliko Târnovo.

'''Rozovata Dolina''' 
Bulgarian: rose valley. The Dimitrov Dam (completed in 1955, so not yet in existence at this point in AtD) may have filled part of the valley with a reservoir. Mild confusion: The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Valley%2C_Bulgaria Wikipedia entry] gives the Bulgarian name as ''Rosova dolina.''

'''between the Balkan range and the Sredna Gora''' 
Mountain ranges running east-west across Bulgaria, the Balkan (Stara Planina) to the north. ''Stara Planina'' = Old Range, ''Sredna Gora'' = Central Mountains.

This is, in fact, Eastern Rumelia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Rumelia].

'''''mutri''''' 
Bulgarian, literally: mugs, wry faces.

==Page 948==

'''Petrich''' 
Extreme southwestern Bulgaria, near the Bulgaria/Greece/Macedonia triple point.

'''on Macedonian border''' 
Today's maps reflect another century of boundary fights and negotiations. Petrich is not right on the present border, for example.

'''between Plovdiv and Petrich''' 
Southwest quarter of Bulgaria.

'''the music stopped two years ago''' 
I.e., in 1910.

==Page 949==

'''called out to, by their diminutives''' 
You can make a list of "nicknames" from most any Slavic name. In Russian, for example, ''Aleksandr'' is informally called Alyosha, Sasha, Sashenka, etc. The irregulars are boys from the neighborhood and get addressed as such.

'''crossing ''R. damascena'' with ''R. alba''''' 
Species of roses. The species most used in attar-making is ''Rosa damascena.''

==Page 950==

'''named the baby Ljubica''' 
Serbo-Croatian: violet (the flower). Commemorating Cyprian's toilette at Carnesalve, I suggest; see pages 881 and 891. '''The name is pronounced LYOO-beet-sah.''' In light of the musical theme, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubica_Mari%C4%87 Ljubica Marić], b. 1909, considered to be one of the most original composers to emerge from Yugoslavia, should be noted.

'''toroidal black iron antenna . . . one of those Tesla rigs''' 
I.e., made to transmit or receive energy wirelessly. 
Sounds like another [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardenclyffe_Tower Wardenclyffe Tower]

==Page 951==

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
The Canadian band Rush (see note p. 708, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography]) has a song on the 1981 album ''Moving Pictures'' called ''YYZ'' (Why Yz-les-Bains?). (YYZ is actually the airport code for Toronto, Canada).

'''Mihály Vámos''' 
Hungarian name, but ''vámos'' is also Spanish = go!

'''''Szia, haver''''' 
Hungarian: Hello buddy!

==Page 952==

'''''Zabraneno''''' 
Bulgarian: the forbidden. Same meaning as ''Interdikt.''

'''an attar-factory rep''' 
Attar: a fragrant essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers; attar of roses, a fragrant extract of the petals. And indeed, rose oil is the most important commodity produced in the Rozovata Dolina, with Kazanlak being the trade center for the product.

'''Philippopolis''' 
Philippopolis is now Plovdiv, located 40-50 miles south of the valley. Plovdiv was Philippopolis in 342 B.C., when it was conquered by Philip II of Macedonia and by the 1st century A.D. had undergone 2 more name changes: to Pulpudeva and to Thrimonzium. The name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv Plovdiv] first appeared around 1369.

That brings up an important point. There's all kinds of evidence in ''AtD'' that Pynchon has appropriated history as he found it in contemporary sources. And it's a good bet that much of the published history came from Britain. Writers today like to use "local" names, but that wasn't so in earlier times. The 1911 ''Brittanica,'' for example, has entry after entry under "Henry" for monarchs who went by Heinrich, Henri, Enrique and so forth. This now-unfashionable conservatism, picked up and repeated in ''AtD,'' means we shouldn't expect to see a reference to Sevastopol'; look instead for Sebastopol. Similarly we'd see Budweis instead of České Budějovice if the subject of brewing arose. And Philippopolis follows the pattern.

'''casemate''' 
In a fortification, an armored room or emplacement for artillery. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casemate Wikipedia]

==Page 953==

'''it's only chlorine . . . you get phosgene''' 
Accurate account of the process then used to produce phosgene. Today an activated carbon catalyst replaces the sunlight.

'''''motoros''''' 
Cyclist, biker, referring here to Mihaly Vamos.

'''light is..the destructive agent''' 
Thematic,of course, when non-natural light is created....studies back to
'city illumination'. Cf. Telluride chapter.

'''Fear in lethal form''' 
This is strongly reminiscent of the "Panic fear" (p. 151) unleashed by the Vormance Expedition's digging up of the buried alien - the "incendiary Figure."

'''millions of candles per square inch''' 
Not easily converted to other units of measurement. Since the International Candle was defined as the light output from a specified wax candle, imagine a source emitting as much light as a million candles. Then imagine the sky covered with such sources, one to a square inch. No, it's unimaginably bright—disorienting, blinding, probably scorching. Recalls Olbers' paradox: in an infinite universe, we should see a star in every direction ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olbers%27_paradox wikipedia]; pay attention to the Edgar Allan Poe quotation).

'''Shipka''' 
A very small village in Bulgaria's Central Balkan Mountains, near a mountain pass of strategic importance, which connects northern Bulgaria to Upper Thrace (East Rumelia). It was the site of a battle between the Russian army and the Ottoman Turks in 1877.

'''''Sok szerencsét''''' 
Hungarian: good luck.

==Page 954==

'''Thrace''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace Thrace] is a region in southeast Europe spreading over southern Bulgaria, northwestern Greece, and European Turkey.

'''Varna''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna Varna] is a major seaport of Bulgaria on the Black Sea Coast. It is the third largest city of the country and a primary tourist destination. One of the oldest cities in Europe and site of the alleged world's oldest gold treasure (5th millennium BC radiocarbon dating).

==Page 955==

'''''folie à trois''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folie_%C3%A0_deux ''Folie à deux''] describes delusional behavior displayed by two people; here it's by three. With ''folie à deux'', the crucial point is that the sum is more than the parts: behaviors or actions only occur because of the two people interacting.

'''hebephrenic''' 
Involving delusions, hallucinations, pointless and childish behavior.

'''raptors''' 
birds of prey.

'''Sliven''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliven Sliven] is a town east of Kazanlâk, nearly the geographic center of the country, Bulgaria.

'''the ''Halkata''''' 
Bulgarian ''khalka'': ring. The suffix ''-ta'' is a definite article. An existing formation in Bulgaria [http://noe2002.hit.bg/index1.html pic].

'''Ulitsa Rakovsky''' 
Bulgarian: Rakovsky Street. Georgi Rakovsky (1821-67), Bulgarian freedom fighter.

==Page 956==

'''''krâchma''''' 
Pronounced like CRUTCH-mah. Bulgarian: tavern.

'''Byal Sredets''' 
The [http://www.alibaba.com/catalog/11426692/Bulgarian_Cigarettes.html Sredets or Sredetz] lines of cigarettes are still produced. ''Byal'' just means "white"; Byal Sredets was (speculatively) a sub-brand.

After not too much searching, no cigar(-ettes) but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byala%2C_Varna_Province Byala] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredets Sredets] are towns near Varna, and silly speculation: to a non-Bulgarian English speaker, Byal Sredets, kind of looks like it could sound like "buy all cigarettes," if you pronounce Sredets as sir-e-dets.

:Byala and Sredets are not in [http://www.bulgartabac.bg/l_plants.html major tobacco-growing regions] of Bulgaria. If we have to try parsing the brand name (and we do), ''Sredets'' may refer to the [[ATD_946-975#Page_947|Sredna Gora]] growing region. 
Sredets is the old Bulgarian name of Sofia, and now a municipality within the city.

Byal is also evocative of beyul, Baikal and bi-locale.

Please see [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Binarisms_Discussion Binarisms Discussion] for more on Byal as white on the Black Sea, and other dualities in AtD.

'''''Zdrave . . . kakvo ima?''''' 
Bulgarian: Good health . . . what's the matter?

'''Bogomils''' 
Heretical sect in Balkans with doctrinal links to Cathars and Albigensians. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogomilism Bogomilism]arose out of a combination of pre-Christian Bulgarian gnosticism and a peasant reaction against oppression from the institutional church and state. Essentially anarchist in outlook, it holds that there is a duality in the creation of the world. Social structures derive from Satan, an Angel (of Death ) and eldest child of God, who was sent to Earth. Only things that spring from the human soul are truly good. Therefore, the established church, state and all social heirarchies are undermined. Bogomils refused to pay taxes, to work, or to fight for the state. Anarchism with a theological bent, Bogomilism was popular in Bulgaria and the Balkans from 950 to about 1396.

Much of what is known about the Bogomils comes from the antithetical polemic with the "interesting" name ''Against the Heretics'' written not by St. Cosmas, or Randolph St. Cosmo, but Presbyter Cosmas, also refered to in some places as St. Cosmo (Kozma), a 10th century Bulgarian church official.

Of further note, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Bogomils Bogomil propaganda] followed "the mountain chains of central Europe, starting from the Balkans and continuing along the Carpathian Mountains, the Alps and the Pyrenees..." and so might be called, ''The Light Over the Ranges."

'''''Pavlikeni''''' 
Sources differ on the meaning: (1) Bulgarian Catholics; (2) members of a heretical sect with dualist (Manichean) doctrines influenced by beliefs of the Bogomils. Also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulicianism Paulicianism].

Something interesting is going on here. There are two different meanings of the word Pavlikeni which pivot on the date TRP gives in the text, 1650. Originally the Pavlikeni were synonomous with the Bogomils. Churches all over Europe and Russia , Orthodox and Roman, persecuted the sect and this ended in the Balkans only when the Turks conquered the area. So from 950 to about 1389 (430 years!!) they were oppressed. From 1389 to 1650 (300 years more) the Bogomils lived peacefully under the Turks as Pavlikeni (still heretics). Then in 1650 the Roman Church gathered them into its fold. No less than 14 villages in the area embraced Catholicism. Questions: 1) Why did the Pavlikeni all of a sudden "convert" after 700 years (!!) of persecution by The Church? For protection from Turkish oppression? 2) How was this allowed under Turkish rule? 3) Why was the Roman church in a largely Orthodox corner of Europe?

The monastery Cyprian joins is pure Bogomil. It did not convert (sell out?) to Rome in 1650, but continues its heresy.

One more point. It is interesting that in the beginning of AtD (p. 10), TRP writes that stockyard workers were "overwhelmingly of the Roman faith." But here, Cyprian finds redemption from slaughter "there will be no more wars" in the arms of a Bogomil monastery. It appears that TRP is making the very subtle claim that the Church of Rome is not only a party to the great power institutions in history, but like them based on the blood of Christ, cows and the bovine mentality of soulless citizen/laborers. Only those who resist Rome and worldly power structures in general are truly free and they are the ensouled, the heretical, the Anarchist.

Seconded. TRP was raised a Catholic and was said to go to Mass regularly
at Cornell. From V. to AtD, his perspective on historic Catholicism is ...richer(?).... than a "simple" Catholic believer's, at least.

'''Hebrus River . . . Maritza''' 
The Maritza or Maritsa flows west to east, draining Bulgaria between the Stara Planina (Balkan range) and the Rhodopes, then turns south and west to the Aegean Sea. The port at its mouth, in Greece, is called Evros, a name derived from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrus Hebrus].

==Page 957==

'''Manichæans''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_429-459#Page_437 page 437] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M the index at M].

'''Pythagorean ''akousmata''''' 
"Avoid beans." [[A|See explanation in the "A" alphabetical page.]] 

In ''V.'' TRP mentions ''The White Goddess'' by Robert Graves. The Pythagorean mystics, Graves writes, derived their bean aversion from the Pelasgians of Samos (Greece) which puts them in close connection with the Orphic and Druidic.

The flower of the bean is white like a spirit. Beans grow spirally "up its prop" symbolizing resurrection or reincarnation. Ghosts contrived to be reborn as humans by entering into beans and being eaten by women (Pliny mentions this). Eating beans somehow ran the risk of frustrating a dead parent's wish for progeny or rebirth. Beans were also thrown behind one's back to ward of ghosts. 

By contrast, Platonists excused their aversion on the grounds that beans caused flatulence. "Life was breath, and to break wind after eating beans was a proof that one had eaten a living soul -- in Greek and Latin the same words, ''pneuma'' and ''anima''," words that also meant gust of wind, breath, soul, spirit. Can wind have a spiritual significance in AtD?

:Does this give a twist to the meaning of Chicago as "The Windy City" at the beginning of the book -- Chicago as the "City of the Dead," especially as the cattle drives are pictured as being a gradual reduction of choice and freedom that ends in the Cartesian grid of the city and finally the killing-floor of the slaughterhouse?

Graves goes on to say that the bean belonged to the "White Goddess" who he identified with the Roman goddess Cranaë, the 'harsh or stony one,' a Greek surname of the Goddess Artemis. Artemis owned a hill-temple near Delphi in which the office of priest was always held by a boy for a five year term, and a cypress-grove, the Cranaeum, just outside Corinth. Cranaë is etymologically related to the Gaelic 'cairn' -- a pile of stones erected on a mountain-top. Can Cyprian be related to the cypress grove and to Artemis, the barren goddess?

A further note, on p. 17, Chick Counterfly recounts the schemes he and his father worked in order to keep beans in the pot. They are bean-eating worldly men vs. the other-worldly non-eaters of T.W.I.T. and the Bogomils.

'''hegumen''' 

In the Greek Orthodox Church, head of a religious community. (And, silly aside, legumen, in Latin, means bean).

'''Tetractys''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_219|page 219: Tetractys]].

'''Zalmoxis''' 
This passage could almost have been drawn from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxis Wikipedia entry.]

'''Krâstova Gora''' 
Bulgarian: name of a mountain or range. [http://www.discover-bulgaria.com/Articles.aspx?ProductID=268&CategoryID=0&pg=3&srchString= Krâstova Gora] means "Mountain (or Forest) of the Cross" and is in the Rhodopes. The monk Grigorii, known as “the Rhodopean Paisii”, has named in his sermons the Central Rhodopes as the “Mountain of the Cross” or “Forest of the Cross”. The Russian Paisi is mentioned on [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_892-918#Page_904 page 904].

Is this sentence the orphan of some narrative that's been cut? Disclosure of the baby's sex is on p. 949 and has neither a mountain nor a church in it.

'''narthex''' 
Lobby or portico of a church.

==Page 958==

'''sympathetic spirits who had dug spaces beneath their own precarious dwellings to harbor her for a night or two at a time''' 
Compare the annotations on ''stranniki'' and ''podpol'niki'' [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|(page 663).]]

'''Bernadette o' Lourdes''' 
young woman who is reputed to have seen visions of the Mother of the Divine at Lourdes in France. See Wikipedia.

==Page 959==

'''Oh, there won't be any war''' 
Cyprian's self-discovered religiousness seems to make him overly optimistic--blind--to historical reality.

'''σχημα''' 
In English, ''schema.''

'''Νυξ''' 
In English, ''Nux'' or ''Nyx.'' cf Brides of Night below.

'''Talking, for women, is a form of breathing''' 
Compare p. 501: "a hundred women . . . all silent." Tying Noellyn/Yashmeen to Cyprian?

'''What is it that is born of light?''' 
Cyprian trying to make sense of his epiphany on page 953. 
Phosgene. 
Nicene Creed, "light of light, true God of true God, begotten not made"

==Page 960==

'''Hesychasts''' 
Contemplative hermits in Orthodox Church; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesychasts see Wikipedia entry.]
From the concise Brittanica: Hesychasm
in Eastern Christianity, type of monastic life in which practitioners seek divine quietness (Greek hesychia) through the contemplation of God in uninterrupted prayer. Such prayer, involving the entire human being—soul, mind, and body—is often called “pure,” or “intellectual,” prayer or the Jesus prayer. St. John Climacus, one of the greatest writers of the Hesychast tradition, wrote, “Let the remembrance of Jesus be present with each breath, and then you will know the value of the hesychia.” In the late 13th century, St. Nicephorus the Hesychast produced an even more precise “method of prayer,” advising novices to fix their eyes during prayer on the “middle of the body,” in order to achieve a more total attention, and to “attach the prayer to their breathing.” This practice was violently attacked in the first half of the 14th century by Barlaam the Calabrian, who called the Hesychasts omphalopsychoi, or people having their souls in their navels.

The Hesychast usually experiences the contemplation of God as light, the Uncreated Light of the theology of St Gregory Palamas. The Uncreated Light that the Hesychast experiences is identified with the Holy Spirit. Experiences of the Uncreated Light are allied to the 'acquisition of the Holy Spirit'. Orthodox Tradition warns against seeking ecstasy as an end in itself. Hesychasm is a traditional complex of ascetical practices embedded in the doctrine and practice of the Orthodox Church and intended to purify the member of the Orthodox Church and to make him ready for an encounter with God that comes to him when and if God wants, through God's Grace (note earlier mention of an "anti-Grace"). Very different from attainment of Nirvana.

'''Transfiguration of Christ''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus Transfiguration].

'''''omphalopsychoi''''' 
see above. "Hesychasts condemned as "having their souls in their navel".

'''Shekhinah''' 
The Kabbala calls this Spirit, Shekkinah, which, according to Harold Bloom, refers to the "feminine element in Yahweh." Shekkinah is God's maternal nature, Mother God, who broods over the Earth searching for and gathering the world's orphans and outcasts under her wings. 
The author of Genesis tells us this Spirit hovered over the earth before creation. That which dwells, that which abides.

'''shiny black accoutrements''' 
[[ATD_678-694#Page_678|See the delicious annotation to page 678.]]

'''Cosmas of Jerusalem''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Cosmas See the concise Wikipedia article.]

==Page 961==

'''metempsychosis''' 
Habitation by a soul of a different (or new) body; non-Orthodox concept related to reincarnation.

'''[i]f self-similarity proves to be a built-in property of the universe''' 
As it does seem to be. Example: a map of streams draining the side of a mountain is similar (though on a different scale) to a map of rivers draining half a continent.
:any mountain,any continent? 
:Um, no, it was an inexact statement, wasn't it. ''In a fairly broad sense,'' the way rivers join to form larger and larger streams is mirrored by the way tiny erosion channels join to form larger and larger gullies. Of course there's some continent that doesn't follow the pattern (Antarctica at present a pretty fair instance), and some mountain too (though I don't think of one offhand), but self-similarity is a widely encountered behavior. 
Moon and electron and sleep, death as text examples, are 'universe(al)' analogies.
:That is very much to the point, but self-similarity is stronger than analogy. "As above, so below" covers analogies but also behaviors at different scales that follow from common causes.

'''Brides of Night''' 
A name (used by whom?) of the order Cyprian seeks to join. 
This 'order' seems to be a creation of Pynchon's, an important metaphorical one. In Hesychasism, massive humility is stressed, as is the
linked notion that God is light and can never be known (not even after the Beatific Vision). So, a Bride of Night is a humble 'nun' who is married to the darkness of the Unknown God. 

A thought: The Brides of Night (in white robes?) is a religious parody of those "Riders of Night" in white robes who appear from time to time in the novel, viz., the Ku Klux Klan. And whereas Cyprian fleeing the world finds asylum with the Brides of Night; Chick Counterfly fleeing the riders of the night finds asylum with the Chums of Chance.

Cf: p. 959 regarding the Orthodox schema of initiation and nyx. 
This is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_negativa ''Via Negativa''] or Apophathic theology which seeks to describe God by negation, by what cannot be said or ascribed to God. Hesychast Gregory Palamas followed this path as did many Eastern Christian fathers. Before them it can be found in Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hesiod and Plotinus. Indeed the theogony of Nyx given on p.959 is almost directly from Hesiod, where chaos is likened to anarchos. The via negativa is a mainstay of Christian mysticism (The Cloud of Unknowing, Dark Night of the Soul, Meister Eckart); Vedanta (Upanishads) "neti, neti"; Buddhism -- anatta, nirvana; Taoism -- the uncarved block, "the way that can be spoken is not the true way," empty but inexhaustible; and Islam -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi Shurarwardi], who speaks of the pure immaterial light, the luminous darkness.

==Page 962==

'''don't look back . . . or he'll take you below . . . down to America''' 
Orpheus and Eurydice again. And Lot and his wife, from Book 2.

'''And Cyprian was taken behind a great echoless door''' 
Cyprian's final transcendence of desire—which at one point we might have taken as a ''renunciation'' of desire—prompts a review of how desire itself has been presented in ''AtD.'' See text and annotations:
*Harald the Ruthless learns about desire and the forsaking of desire, [[ATD_119-148#Page_127|p. 127]]
*Scarsdale Vibe experiences a kind of desire for Kit, [[ATD_149-170#Page_158|p. 158]]
*Contemplating Yashmeen's neck, Cyprian experiences desire "of rather a specialized sort," [[ATD_489-524#Page_499|p. 499]]
*"Unreflective desire" rules Cyprian's days on the Lagoon, [[ATD_695-723#Page_708|p. 708]]
*Aspects of desire, or rather his responses to it, define Auberon Halfcourt's "two creatures resident within the same life," [[ATD_748-767#Page_759|759]]
*Cyprian first experiences a "release from desire," [[ATD_821-848#Page_839|p. 839]]
*Cyprian displays an "appetite for sexual abasement" with "a religious surrender of the self"; Yashmeen sees salvation in his surrender, [[ATD_864-891#Page_876|pp. 876-77]]
*Cyprian's transcendence of desire will be Yashmeen's reprieve from "political forms" and "utopian dreams," [[ATD_919-945#Page_942|p. 942]]

==Page 963==

'''Plain of Thrace . . . Rhodopes . . . Pirin range''' 
From the convent/castle around Sliven in the Stara Planina or Sredna Gora, south across the Maritsa valley, southwest across the Rhodope mountain range, southwest through the higher Pirins. Close to the present Bulgarian-Greek-Macedonian borders, on a generally southwestward track to the southwest corner of Bulgaria.

'''To move through it would be to struggle against time...''' 
Time and Light are linked by Relativity Theory. According to the equations, as an object approaches the speed of light, time dilates. The speed of light cannot be exceeded; time speeds up to accomodate any such attempt. (Doesn't time slow down? I.e., from the point of view of an observer not on the speeding object, doesn't a clock on the object run slow?) This has nothing directly to do with the ''brightness'' of the light, however; light of whatever intensity travels at the same speed.

'''In mid-October . . . invaded Macedonia''' 
1912, First Balkan War. The text does not mention Montenegro, which was active as well. Insofar as war aims played any role, everybody aimed to get Turkey out of the Balkans, but there was little unity beyond that. 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Balkan_War The First Balkan War] (1912-1913) was fought between the members of the Balkan League—Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro—and the Ottoman Empire. The league was formed under Russian auspices in the spring of 1912 to take Macedonia away from Turkey. Montenegro opened hostilities with Turkey on October 8, 1912 and the other members of the league delcared war on October 18. The Ottoman's army collapsed and disintegrated in first two months' fighting. The war officially ended with the signing in London on May 30, 1913 a peace treaty in which the Ottoman Empire lost almost all of its European territory including all of Macedonia and Albania—Macedonia was divided between Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece; Albania was declared independent.

'''. . . by the twenty-second, fighting between Bulgarians and Turks was heavy around Kumanovo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumanovo Kumanovo] is located in northern Macedonia near present-day border with Serbia, about 15 miles northeast of Skopje, the capital of the country.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo The Battle of Kumanovo] (October 23-24, 1912) was a major battle of the First Balkan War. After the outbreak of hostilities, three Serbian Armies, from left to right the 3rd, 1st and 2nd, advanced southwards towards Skopje. They defeated the Ottoman's 7th and 6th corps at Kumanovo in two day's fighting. The Ottoman's armies retreated 50 miles southwards all the way to Prilep, and the Serbians entered Skopje on October 26 without a fight. 

'''Adrianople''' 
Now called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edirne Edirne]. It is situated at the westernmost part of Turkey, at the present-day Turkish-Greek frontier near the Turkey/Greece/Bulgaria triple point.

'''''mehana''''' 
Mehana is Serbian and Bulgarian for the Turkish word [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehana meyhane].

'''from Philippopolis . . . Adrianople''' 
From Plovdiv southeastward down the Maritsa to Adrianople (now called Edirne).

'''Ivanoff's Second Army''' 
General Nikola Ivanov's Second Army of Bulgaria advanced from Philippopolis southeastwards to Adrianople along the Maritsa river.

==Page 964==

'''west through Strumica and Valandovo . . . the Vardar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumica Strumica] is in the southeast of present-day Macedonia; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valandovo Valandovo] is about 8 miles to the southwest. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardar Vardar], passing by near Valandovo, is the major river of Macedonia, flowing north to south more or less.

'''the Tikveš wine country''' 
A plain in the center of present-day Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikve%C5%A1 Wikipedia]

'''Monastir''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitola Bitola] in southwest Macedonia.

'''becoming a popular, perhaps someday a national, delusion.''' 
That is, if these Turkish provinces can become nations, these horrors can be cleansed to become the national foundation myth. Nations based on ethnic division was in fact the basis for the peace settlements ending World War I.

'''between Veles and Prilep''' 
In central Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veles_%28city%29 Veles] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prilep Prilep]

==Page 965==

'''by way of Kičevo and Prilep''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Devo Kičevo] is in western present-day Macedonia, Prilep more in the middle. Two Serbian columns?

'''Babuna Pass''' 
North of Prilep.

'''Russian Madsen guns and . . . Montenegrin Rexers''' 
They refer to [http://www.landships.freeservers.com/new_pages/madsen_mg_info.htm Danish Madsen light machine guns].

'''Howitzer''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howitzer Wikipedia entry]

'''"Once they get their line and length," she said''' 
A very good cricket joke by Yashmeen. Effective bowling requires the ball to be directed on the "line" of the stumps defended by the batsman, and not wide on either side. The ball must hit the pitch (the ground) in front of the batsman "on a good length", ie not too short or too full, because such deliveries can be hit more easily. Reef is either very sharp, or played cricket in Colorado.

==Page 966==

'''I Zingari''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: I.Z.]] 
I Zingari (from the Italian for "the gypsies") is an English amateur cricket club which was formed on 4 July 1845, by a very aristocratic parentage. Also known as IZ, I Zingari is a wandering (or nomadic) club, having no home ground. Its club colours are black, red and gold, symbolizing the motto "out of darkness, through fire, into light"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Zingari]. The colors, therefore, are the anarchist Red and Black, plus gold. "Out of darkness, through fire, into light" could be the motto of every seeker in AtD, and certainly applies to Yasmeen at the present moment.

==Page 967==

'''Sarakatsàni''' 
Not a place but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarakatsani a people], Greek-speaking nomadic shepherds across the Southern Balkans well beyond the present-day borders of Greece.

'''Bukovo Pass''' 
??? Here's a [http://outdoors.webshots.com/photo/2110787010065488803qeBkDg map] with the pass and Ohrid.

'''down into Ohrid''' 
Extreme southwest of present-day Macedonia, by Lake Ohrid, a bordering lake shared between Macedonia and Albania.

'''Liman von Sanders''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Liman_von_Sanders Otto Liman von Sanders] (1855-1929), German advisor to Turkish military. In overall command of Turkish victories at the Dardanelles in 1915. Remember the earlier discussion about English and Russian fears of German influences in the Ottoman Empire, especially re the Berlin/ Baghdad railway.

'''But now the Serbs knew they could beat them''' 
A fatal conclusion, contributing to the recklessness of Serbian nationalism, and intransigence in the face of Ausrtrian demands in the wake of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. Serbia suffered terrible reverses in World War I.

==Page 968==

'''Sveti Naum''' 
Macedonian: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Naum St. Naum]. Large monastery on the lakefront south of Ohrid.

'''the defeat at Monastir''' 
The Serbian army decisively defeated the Ottoman army at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bitola Battle of Bitola] (Monastir) November 16-19, 1912.

'''Yanina''' 
Now Ioánnina, in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_%28region%29 Epirus] province of present-day Greece, about 60 miles east of the Corfu island. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina Ioannina], about 270 miles northwest of Athens, is located in the western Greece 25 miles from the Albanian border.

'''Pogradeci, on the road to Korça''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogradeci Pogradec], Albania, across the lake from Ohrid, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB Korcë], 20 miles south of Pogradeci, southeastern Albania near present-day Greek border.

==Page 969==

'''Erseka''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erseka Ersekë], southeastern Albania near the Greek border, 20 miles south of Korca.

'''Gramoz Range . . . Pindus''' 
Grámmos on present-day maps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindus Pindus] range runs mainly north-south in northwestern Greece; the [http://www.gtp.gr/LocPage.asp?Id=60639 Grámmos] range marks the boundary of Greece and Albania (and also the boundary between two Greek provinces, one of them named Macedonia).

'''šarplaninec''' 
Or šarplaninac. Named for the Šar Planina mountain range. It's a largeish working breed. Compare the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0arplaninac Wikipedia article] with the description of Kseniya's temperament.

'''Kseniya''' 
The name (here in Macedonian form; elsewhere Xenia) means "guest, stranger."

==Page 970==

'''''tungjatjeta''''' 
Albanian: hello! Literally: "may you have a long life" 

'''Gras''' 
1874 French rifle.

'''''një rosë vdekuri''''' 
Albanian: "What we call a rose"...Allusion to Juliet's line from Romeo & Juliet: "that what we call a rose/ by any other name would smell as sweet"

'''''Vëlla''''' 
Albanian: brother

'''Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin''' 
The most important of the hereditary codes of conduct that shape the inter-generational behavior of the rural Albanians that make up the overwhelming majority of the Kosovar population. The Kanun of Lek Dukagin probably emerged in the 15th Century but was not even written down until the 19th Century. The foundation of the Kanun is the concept of personal honor and at the center of its laws is the blood feud, a complicated system of vendettas aimed at obtaining satisfaction ''vis a vis'' punishment. There are four major offenses to personal honor under the Kanun:

#calling a man a liar in front of other men;
#insulting his wife;
#taking his weapons; and
#violating his hospitality.

These offenses are not paid for in property or by fines but by the spilling of blood or by a magnanimous pardon.

From [http://www.d-n-i.net/fcs/comments/c339.htm Balkan Primer (X) - Blood Feuds, Kanuns, and American Policy]

==Page 971==

'''rakia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakia Rakia] is a hard liquor similar to brandy.

'''''Gëzuar!''''' 
Albanian: Cheers!

'''Tosk''' 
Principal [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian southern dialect] of Albanian, basis of the literary language.

'''Përmeti''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrmet Përmet] on present-day maps, 20 miles southwest of Erseke.

'''Gjirokastra''' 
Argyrokastron on old maps, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr Gjirokastër] on new ones, 20 miles soutwest of Permeti near the south end of Albania; about 15 miles from the Adriatic coast.

'''Vjosa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjosa Vijosë] on present-day maps. The Vijose river flows through Permeti northwestwards to the Adriatic Sea.

==Page 972==

'''There was a cease-fire in effect now among all parties except for Greece, still trying to take Yanina''' 
In less than two months since the First Balkan War started on October 8, 1912 the Ottoman's army was totally defeated losing Salonica, Albania, Epirus, Macedonia and Thrace to its opponents and Adrianople was under siege since November 17. An armistice was signed between Bulgaria (Serbia and Montenegro) and Turkey on December 3. Greece continued the war alone, aiming to capture Ioannina. In the Battle of Bizani, February 20-21, 1913 Greece defeated the last Ottoman army ever to enter Macedonia and Epirus and took Ioannina.

'''Muzina Pass''' 
In Southern Albania it is 572 meters high.It connects Sarande [below] with the Drinos Valley. Wikipedia, German edition.
[[Image:corfu.jpg|thumb|Corfu harbor ca. 1890|right]]
'''Agli Saranta''' 
Present-day maps identify this Albanian Riviera town as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarand%C3%AB Sarandë], located between high mountains and the Ionian Sea facing Greek island of Corfu.

'''Corfu''' 
Western Greek island off the Greek/Albanian coast. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu Corfu],a 40-mile long island, is separated from Albania by straits varying in breadth from 2 to 25 miles. The principal town of the island, located in the east-central side of island facing Greece mainland, is also named ''Corfu''. Mt Pantokrator, a 3000-ft mountain in north-eastern Corfu, is the highest on the island—at its summit the whole island as well as Albania can be seen. Corfu island's turbulent history is full of battles and conquests; for example, between 1386 to 1797 it was under Venetian protection, in 1800s under French and the British from 1815, and it unified with Greece only as late as 1864. The 1981 James Bond movie ''For Your Eyes Only'' was filmed in Corfu.

'''Pantokratoras''' 
South of Mouzaki, Greece. Famous for Byzantine icon screens.
:Mouzaki and [http://www.zanteguru.com/places/pantokratoras.html Pantokratoras] are villages in Zante island, the last large Ionian Island down the Greek coast 80 miles south from Corfu island. The fishing boat traveling from Sarande to Corfu will not detour to Zante island first. 
Pantokratoras here refers to Mt Pantokrator (see ''Corfu'' above), a mountain in the northeast part of Corfu island, any boat traveling from Albanian town to the town of Corfu has to pass it.

'''St. Spiridion''' 
[http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/SaintsAlive/id648.htm St. Spiridion]

'''XI''' 
Eleven: a cricket team.

'''Lefkas''' 
Or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefkas Levkás], Leucas or Lefkada, the next sizable Ionian Island down the Greek coast from Corfu. Corinth and Lefkás were allies in the Peloponnesian War. Lefkás later was the capital of the Acarnanian League (3d cent. B.C.). The island was captured (1697) from the Ottoman Turks by Venice, which held it until 1797. There are ruins of Cyclopean walls and a temple to Apollo Leukates. Sappho is said, probably falsely, to have committed suicide by plunging into the sea from a cliff of the island. Lefkás is also known as Santa Maura. Columbia Encyclopedia.

'''demotic''' 
[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/demotic demotic]

==Page 973==

'''hot-pepper salamis''' 
are often paired with fragrant bunches of oregano. The hot pepper is present in salamis as well. They are big and red or as in the typical soppressata version, have a squashed shape due to their ageing under weights.

'''the Compassionate''' 
Yashmeen, Auberon and "the Compassionate" have come together before. On page 749 she wrote to him of her dream:
:We ascended, or rather, we were taken aloft, as if in mechanical rapture, to a great skyborne town and a small band of serious young people, dedicated to resisting death and tyranny, whom I understood at once to be the Compassionate.

Speculation: The Chums of Chance = The Compassionate = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes (Furies)?

'''the Esplanade''' 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli02.html#11 The Esplanade] is famed as "the largest square in the Balkans". Beginning in 1576 for 12 years, the houses huddled around the gate of a fortress was being demolished to allow the defenders a better view over the area leaving a great space which the French later planted with trees and today forms the Espalnde Square.

'''fiacre''' 
A small hackney carriage. [French, after the Hôtel de Saint Fiacre in Paris.]

'''Durazzo''' 
Now Durrës, Albania, nearest coastal city to the capital, Tiranë. It will be more than 100 miles north of Corfu.

'''casus belli''' 
An occasion or cause for war.

'''ouzo''' 
a colorless anise-flavored Greek liqueur. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouzo Wikipedia]

==Page 974==

'''Volodya''' 
Diminutive form of ''Vladimir.'' Not Colonel Prokladka.

'''a transaction in jade''' 
Bought/got jade low, sold high. 
You have to wonder if Aubrey didn't make his profit on a stolen gem, [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|such as an idol's eye.]]

'''one of those turns''' 
. . . And aren't there a lot of them through here.

==Page 975==

'''Garitsa''' 
Latitude 39.6139 Longitude 19.9197 Altitude (feet) 3
Lat (DMS) 39° 36' 50N Long (DMS) 19° 55' 11E Altitude (meters) 0 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli03.html#30 A suburb of Corfu by the Garitsa Bay] with a handsome, tree-lined coastal road with neo-Classical buildings on one side and the Garitsa Bay on the other; and a narrow tree-filled park where local taverns and grillrooms set out their tables under the trees.

'''Leadville Fan-Tan''' 
A card game, played no doubt in the gambling halls of Leadville, Colorado. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan#The_Card_Game_Fantan Wikipedia entry].

'''leptas''' 
Bastard plural of ''lepton'' (Greek = a low-denomination coin). Plural in Greek is ''lepta.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_lepton Wikipedia]

'''tsingarelli''' 
???

'''polenta''' 
Originally Italian; dish similar to cornmeal mush. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenta Wikipedia]

'''yaprakia''' 
Stuffed grape leaves (similar to dolmathes). [http://www.greek-recipe.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article169 recipe and pic]

'''stoufado''' 
Possibly an alternative spelling of ''stifado'' (Greek = beef and onion stew)? Apparently it is an Italian spelling, as stoufado appears on this [http://www.pietroizzo.com/contacts/pi_7/2004/2004_23.html page] (which is written in Italian) in the sentence starting with "La cucina greca" (Greek cuisine).

'''Mavrodaphne''' 
Red fortified wine made in the Achaia region of Greece. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavrodaphne Wikipedia]

'''Hrisoula''' 
The cat bears the name of King Yrjö's wife (GR 119).

'''''rembetika''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rembetika Rembetika]: the songs of the Greek underground, sung by the so-called rebetes (Greek: ρεμπέτης). Rebetes were unconventional people who lived outside the social order. They first appeared after the Greek War of Independence of 1821.

'''''karsilamas''''' 
[http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/dances/karsilam.htm a traditional Greek dance]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

G

2007-07-19T14:27:48Z

Phidre:

'''Gabika''' 
803; works in dress shop with Yashmeen;

'''Gabrovo Slim''' 
845; "noodle-thin and mournful Bulgarian"; at wedding, 947;

'''Gage, Lyman Judson (1836-1927)''' 
307; "that old Gold Standard hand and bank president"; Gage was president of the First National Bank of Chicago; in 1892, he was chosen president of the board of directors of the World's Columbian Exposition, the successful financing of which was due more to him than to any other man. As Secretary of the Treasury under President Grover Cleveland, Gage was influential in securing passage of the Gold Standard Act of March 14, 1900, which reestablished a currency backed solely by gold; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman_J._Gage Wikipedia entry]

'''Galandronome''' 
374; a type of bassoon developed by French instrument maker Galander in the mid-19th century;

'''Galois, Evariste''' 
601;

'''Gallows Frame''' 
"Gallows Frame Saloon," in Telluride, 302; "broken gallow-frames," 391;
:The Gallows Frame is the structural frame, usually made of steel or timber, at the top of an underground mine shaft. These frames hold the hoisting equipment which raise and lower equipment and miners into the underground mine.

'''Gamomania''' 
432; "the abnormal desire to be married"

[[image:balloons-paris.jpg|thumb|Garçons de '71|right]]'''Garçons de '71''' 
19; French: The Boys of '71; annual convention in Paris, 1083; During the Siege of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871, balloons were manufactured within railroad stations in Paris. The balloons were used to get mail and passengers out of Paris. [[Garçons de '71|Read on...]]

'''Gas Office''' 
607

'''Gaspereaux, Stilton''' 
436; civilian passenger on ''Saksaul''; in London, 445;

'''Gatlin, Reverend Moss''' 
49; Anarchist preacher; "we are Stripes and Solids on the pool table of earthly existence" 86; The New York Times, commenting on the Haymarket Square riots in Chicago in 1886, offered the following solution to the anarchist threat, “In the early stages of an acute outbreak of anarchy a Gatling gun, or if the case be severe, two, is the sovereign remedy"; in Denver with his "Anarchist Heaven" car, 465; at tent city in Ludlow, Colorado, 1009;

'''Gatling''' 
754; The Gatling gun is a gunpowder field weapon invented in the 1860s which used multiple rotating barrels turned by a hand crank. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatling_gun Wikipedia]

[[image:Gauss-Weber_Statue.jpg|thumb|Gauss & Weber Statue]]'''Gauss''' 
498; 588; statue of Gauss and Weber, 594;

'''gaver du visage''' 
225; French for something like "stuff your face", appropriately enough for a "form of gluttony"

'''Geheimrat''' 
603; title of the highest officials of a German royal or principal court. It has its roots in 17th century Europe when governmental administration was established. The English language equivalent is Privy Councillor. The title disappeared after the destruction of the German Empire in 1918, when the various royal courts in Germany were replaced by the Weimar Republic.

'''gematria''' 
799; Gematria (Heb. גימטריה, from the Greek γεωμετρία) is numerology of the Hebrew language and Hebrew alphabet, and is used by its proponents to derive meaning or relative relationship. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gematria Wikipedia]

'''Gennady''' 
780; "the ''umnik'' of [Padzy's] crew";

'''Gennaro''' 
846: an Exarch; bartender at the L'Espagnol Clignant in Nice; an Exarch, according to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exarch Wikipedia]: "In the Eastern Christian Churches (Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic), the term exarch has two distinct uses: the deputy of a patriarch, or a bishop who holds authority over other bishops without being a patriarch (thus, a position between that of patriarch and metropolitan); or, a bishop appointed over a group of the faithful not yet large enough or organized enough to be constituted an eparchy/diocese (thus the equivalent of a vicar apostolic)."

'''Gentleman Bomber of Headingly''' 
236; cricket-ball bombs; 241; 605; 690; spotted at Fenner's cricket ground, 691;
:Possibly a nod to "The Girl Who Was Death," a particularly hallucinogenic episode of the late 60s cult TV series, ''The Prisoner'', which begins with a cricket-playing colonel being blown up by a cricket ball bomb.

'''Gerasimoff, Dr. (Ofitser Nauchny)''' 
258; Chick Counterfly's "opposite number"; w/Padzy, 780;

'''Gerhardt''' 
517; Austrian Chief Stoker aboard ''Stupendica'', ''Herr Hauptheitzer''; in Swiss Alps, drilling, 655;

'''German Sea, The''' 
489; 504;

'''Geronimo''' 
195;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo Wikipedia entry]

'''Gevaert, Edouard''' 
558; sells Q-98 to Woevre; "unworldly go-between," 559; [[Q-weapon and Photography|Connections...]]

[[image:dirhan.jpg|thumb|Afghani dirham|right]]'''Ghaznivid Empire''' 
596; Sunni Muslim state in Khorasan in modern day Afghanistan that existed from 962 to 1187. It was created by Alp Tigin, a former Turkic slave general, with the city Ghazna (Ghazni) as capital, replacing the ruling Samanids; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavid_Empire Wikipedia entry]

'''Ghloix, Dr. Otto''' 
132; "Expedition alienist"; "psychomedical officer" 143; visiting alienist from Switzerland, 686; Lew's alienist, 1041 (originally a 19th century term for a psychiatrist, the term "alientist" is still used in psychiatric hospitals to describe those mental health professionals who evaluate defendants to determine their competency to stand trial.);

'''Ghosts''' 
132; Icelanders long tradition of, 133; "bad ice, blizzards, malevolent ghosts," 151; 218; Victoria's "ghostly stand-in," 231; "ghost-light," 306; 373; 375; "haunted," 384;

'''Giambolognese, Signora''' 
865; Venetian resident at ''pensione'' in Santa Croce;

'''Giant-Wheel''' 
699; The Giant Wheel in the Prater is an important Viennese landmark, providing a view over the city. The wheel was the brain child of Gabor Steiner (1858-1944) and was built in 1896 by the English engineer Walter B. Basset, who produced similar designs in London and Paris. It was erected in the record time of eight months and was operated for the first time on June 21 1897; [http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm More on this website]

'''Gibbs, Professor Willard''' 
29; 158; 318-19; 532-3; 793; Gibbsian, 526; 532; Josiah Willard Gibbs was arguably the greatest American scientist of the 19th century, bringing the power of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics to what had been cookbook and rule-of-thumb chemistry. He demonstrated and extended the value of modeling in "phase space," a graph in which each physical state of a system is represented by a point representing pressure, volume, temperature, etc. ("water in all its phases," 368)
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Gibbs Wikipedia entry]

'''Gibson Girls''' 
409; The Gibson Girl was the personification of the feminine ideal as portrayed in the satirical pen and ink illustrated stories created by illustrator Charles Dana Gibson during over 15 years spanning the late nineteenth and early twentieth century; 512; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibson_Girl Wikipedia entry]

'''''Gift to Young Housewives, A''''' 
754; cookbook by Russian Yelena Ivanovna (aka Elena N.) Molokhovets; Banned in Molokhovets's native country since the Russian Revolution, this gastronomic standard for pre-Revolutionary upper- and middle-class Russian households contains recipes for such old standards as cabbage with butter and crumbs, potato pudding, Beef Stroganov, babas, piroq, and pashka. Little is known about Molokhovets' life. Born in 1831 into a military family in the far northern city of Arkhangelsk, she received a good education at a school run by the Imperial Educational Society for Noble Girls. With her husband, an architect, she had ten children. He seems to have been an enlightened spouse who was supportive of her writing. Molokhovets' old age coincided with the turmoil surrounding the 1917 Russian Revolution. She died in St. Petersburg in 1918. Her cookbook, however, lives on. A Gift to Young Housewives went through 29 editions before being deemed too bourgeois for publication under the Soviet regime.

'''Gigg, Jack''' 
99; Kit Traverse's sidekick

'''Gilmore, Mr.''' 
187; conductor in New Mexico

'''Ginger''' 
1076; Stray's daughter

'''Ginnungagap''' 
127; "the lightless abyss"; Ginnungagap ("seeming emptiness"), in the cosmology of Norse mythology, is the primordial void separating Niflheim and Muspell, the land of eternal ice and snow and the land of eternal heat and flame; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginnungagap Wikipedia entry]

'''Girtonian''' 
492; 498; Of or pertaining to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girton_College%2C_Cambridge Girton College].

'''Giuseppina''' 
246; waitress at ''Osteria'' in San Polo

'''Glagolitic''' 
252; The Glagolitic alphabet was invented during the 9th century by the missionaries St Cyril (827-869 AD) and St Methodius (826-885 AD) in order to translate the bible and other religious works into the language of the Great Moravia region. They probably modelled Glagolitic on a cursive form of the Greek alphabet, and based their translations on a Slavic dialect of the Thessalonika area, which formed the basis of the literary standard known as Old Church Slavonic; 799; [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/glagolitic.htm More from this website]

'''God''' "
87; "God's ledger; "God-possesed fugitives," 127; "God dwells in His Heavenly City," 131; rocks as "post-godhead" 209; under God's wing, 211; ''shin'', 237; 534;

'''Gold Standard''' 
89; The "gold standard" is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is a fixed weight of gold; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_standard Wikipedia entry]

'''Golden Age''' 
561;

'''Gomez, Che''' 
987; "mayor and ''jefe politico'' of Juchitán"

'''Gomez, Eusebio''' 
373; "acting as a subagent" in Mexico, 640; aka Wolfe Tone O'Reilly, 641;

'''Gonzales, General''' 
985; his suicide after Frank Traverse's ''máquina loca'';

'''Gordon, Charles George (1833-1885)''' 
240; known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British army officer and administrator. He is remembered for his exploits in China and northern Africa. Gordon was killed in Khartoum while defending it against the uprising led by Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed who decapitated Gordon and displayed his head on a spear; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_George_Gordon Wikipedia entry]

'''Göttingen''' 
226; Werfner at Göttingen; 594; during war with Prussia

'''Gottlob''' 
588; at Göttingen;

'''Grace'''
70; 213; 374; Angela Grace, 399-402; and anti-Grace, 895;

'''Grace, Angela''' 
399-402; songstress at Lollypop Lounge who's "ten summers old";

'''Grace, Dr.''' 
577; appeared to Hunter in a dream, "the mass-grave-to-be of Europe";

'''Gradenigo, Doge Pietro''' 
247; 880;

<div id="grandcohen">'''Grand Cohen'''</div>
499; A cohen, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen Kohen], is a member of the Jewish priestly class; 720;

'''Grand Guignol''' 
1066; The Grand Guignol (pronounced [gʁɑ̃ giɲɔl]) was a theatre (Le Théâtre du Grand-Guignol) in the Pigalle area of Paris (at 20 bis, rue Chaptal), which, from its opening in 1897 to its closing in 1962, specialized in naturalistic horror shows. The name is often used as a general term for graphic, amoral horror entertainment. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Guignol Wikipedia]

'''Grand Hotel de la Nouvelle Digue''' 
526; in Ostend, Belgium; 531;

'''Granitza''' 
326; small town "above Adriatic Coast in the Velebit range"

'''grapnel''' 
13; a tool consisting of several hooks for grasping and holding; often thrown with a rope

'''Grassmann, Hermann (1809-1877)''' 
324; German polymath, renowned in his day as a linguist and now admired as a mathematician. He was also a physicist, neohumanist, all-round scholar, and publisher; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_grassmann Wikipedia entry]; Grassmann's 1862 ''Ausdehnungslehre'' (literally, "Theory of Extension") is one of the great mathematical works of the nineteenth century. In it the foundations of linear and multilinear algebra are laid and much of the superstructure too is constructed. It is regrettable that such a book on such a subject should, from the moment of publication, have been not much read. Indeed, Grassmann's reputation for impenetrability has persisted to this day; 535; [http://www.maths.utas.edu.au/People/dfs/Papers/GrassmannTranslation/node3.html More about ''Ausdehnungslehre'' here]

<div id="gravity">'''Gravity'''</div>
"The soles of Lew's feet began to ache, as if wanting to be taken all the way to the center of the Earth," 41; "a secret imperative, like the force of gravity," 80; Time vulnerable to, 457;

'''Great Airships of 1896 and '7''' 
454; On November 17, 1896 in Sacramento, California, there appeared, on a rainy night, a bright light. It moved slowly west appearing to be about a thousand feet above the rooftops. Hundreds of people saw the light including George Scott, an assistant to the Secretary of State of California. Scott persuaded some friends to join him on the observation deck above the capitol dome and from there they thought they could see three lights, not one. Above the lights was a dark, oblong shape. In 1897 there were many sightings of great airships from California to
Texas, however the airplane would not be invented for another 6 years,
and neither had large dirigibles or blimps yet been flown. In Aurora,
Texas one such ship supposedly crashed into a windmill or tower and exploded. [http://ufocasebook.com/Aurora.html Read more about the 1897 incident] and [http://www.unmuseum.org/airship.htm the Mysterious Airship of 1896]

'''Great Game''' 
"BOL'SHAIA IGRA, or, The Great Game,'" 123; 227; reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling Kipling's] novel ''Kim'', 756; 772;

:The Great Game, a term usually attributed to Arthur Conolly, was used to describe the rivalry and strategic conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia. The term was later popularized by British novelist Rudyard Kipling in his work ''Kim''. The classic Great Game period is generally regarded as running from approximately 1813 to the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907. Following the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 a second, less intensive phase followed. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Game Wikipedia]

The Wikipedia article has a very interesting section titled "The Great Game Renewed"
:With the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the Cold War, the United States displaced Britain as the global power, asserting its influence in the Middle East in pursuit of oil, containment of the Soviet Union, and access to other resources. This period is sometimes referred to as "The New Great Game" by commentators, and there are references in the military, security and diplomatic communities to "The Great Game" as an analogy or framework for events involving India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and more recently, the post-Soviet republics of Central Asia.
Obviously, we should add Iraq to that list. The parallels are obvious, as is the failure to learn from history or past mistakes.

'''Great Wife Bazaar of the World-Island''' 
432;

'''Gretchen''' 
640; Günther's date at Steve/Ramón's ("the restless Valkyrie")

'''Grey''' 
809; politician

'''Grimsford, Wes''' 
211; marshal of Jeshimon

'''Griswold, Uncle''' 
497; Cyprian's corrupting sodomite uncle

'''Grossmith, George''' 
494; at Cambridge

'''groundhogs''' 
1021; aka people

'''growler''' 
226; An old-fashioned siren, the kind that takes awhile to start. By extension, a police car carrying such a siren.

'''Groznyi''' 
441;

'''Grundy, Mrs.''' 
400; Mrs Grundy is the personification of the tyranny of conventional propriety (from Thomas Morton's play ''Speed the Plough'', which appeared in 1798), a person who is too much concerned with being proper, modest, or righteous; 427;

'''Gruntling''' 
944; accountant in Prof. Sleepcoat's party

'''Guanajuato''' 
127; Iceland Spar mined in, 306; Frank Traverse and Ewball in, 376;

'''Guitry, Sacha''' 
1066; "J'ai Deux Amants" (French: "I Have Two Lovers" a recording by Yvonne Printemps, written by Sacha Guitry and Andre Messager [[J'ai Deux Amants - I Have Two Lovers|Lyrics +]]. The composer [[H#hahn|Reynaldo Hahn]] (see also ''ATD'' at [[ATD 1063-1085#Page_1065|page 1065]]) wrote the music for his operetta ''Mozart'' (1925).

'''guncotton''' 
27; guncotton is Nitrocellulose (Cellulose nitrate) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose (e.g. through exposure to nitric acid or powerful nitrating agent), used in explosives

'''gutta-percha''' 
603; Gutta-percha (Palaquium) is genus of tropical trees native to southeast Asia and northern Australasia, from Taiwan south to Malaya and east to the Solomon Islands. It is also an inelastic natural latex produced from the sap of these trees, particularly from the species Palaquium gutta. Chemically, gutta-percha is a polyterpene, a polymer of isoprene (trans-1,4-polyisoprene);[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutta-percha]. It was often used an early insulating material on telegraphs and other electrical equipment. 611;

'''gynecophobia''' 
501; fear of women

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

ATD 768-791

2007-07-18T15:51:09Z

Phidre: /* Page 784 */ Dostoyevsky, Wormwood

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 768==

'''fourteeners''' 
Affectionate name applied by Coloradans to mountain peaks 14,000 feet (approx. 4200 m) high.

'''Lake Baikal''' 

Another bi-location: one world out here, another reflected one in the lake. Oh, and the first syllable of the name is pronounced BY. 

Incidentally, "bai" is the Chinese word for "white" and is written 白. Could "bi-location" imply a "white" location?
Cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_946-975 Byal Sredets] p. 956.

Photos of Lake Baikal: [http://angara.net/photo/album/122] & [http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/lakebaikal/]

An Article on the Oddities of Lake Baikal: [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF9/986.html] 

Wikipedia Entry: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Baikal]

==Page 769==

'''Mount Kailash''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_437|page 437: Mount Kailash]].

'''Tengri Khan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Tengri Tengri Khan] is a mountain, the second-highest peak (23,000 ft) of the Tian Shan mountain range.

'''Hassan was of course no longer there.''' 
OK, I have no idea what happened here. Since this is the non-spoiler section, maybe we can talk about it here: [[Hassan's Dissappearance Discussion|DISCUSSION]]

'''a maze of slot canyons''' 
The ground is crumpled rather like Kovalevskaia's handkerchief on page 634.

==Page 770==

'''stand before the Gate . . . Kit looked up . . .''' 
See the picture here: Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Tushuk Tash]].

'''followed by the whizzing sound''' 
As the impact of the V-2 was in ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

==Page 771==

'''You are released''' 
Echoes ''Ite, missa est'' on page 668.

'''samovars . . . gasping and puffing''' 
Samovar: a double urn containing a large amount of hot water and a small amount of super-strong tea. Passengers mixed their own to taste. The hot-water urn (the samovar proper) was in fact a small charcoal boiler; there ''was'' much steam. Many Russian railroad cars had samovars.

'''Ak-su''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksu_City Ak-su] (White Water) is a city in Xinjiang, China. It is located in the Southern foothills of Tian Shan. The economy of Ak-su is mostly agricultural, with cotton, in particular the long-staple cotton, as the main product.

'''Kucha''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucha Kucha] is a city in Xinjiang. It was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Takalmakan desert in the Tarim Basin.

'''Korla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korla Korla], also spelled as Kurla, is a city south of Karashahr. The Iron Gate Pass, 4 miles north of the city, played an important part in protecting the ancient Silk Road from rading nomads from the north.

'''Karasahr''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karasahr Karasahr] (Black City) is located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan desert.

'''nephrite''' 
Fibrous silicate mineral, one of the constituents of jade.

'''Turfan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turfan Turfan] is an oasis city located about 90 miles southeast of Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang, China, in a mountain basin on the northern side of the Turfan Depression. Even though it has only 0.9 inch rainfall per year, Turfan has long been the center of a fertile oasis, producing great quatities of high-quality fruits, and an imprtant trade center.

'''Flaming Mountains''' 
[http://www.chinaetravel.com/attraction/att27c.html Flaming Mountains] are red sandstone hills on the northern edge of the Turfan Basin. The red of the hills has been likened to burning flames, and temperatures often reach a sweltering 130° F. The Mountains were made famous by the 16th-century Chinese classic novel ''Journey to the West''.

'''the Sangre de Cristos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains The Sangre de Cristos] (Blood of Christ) are the southermost subrange of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

==Page 772==
'''the ancient kingdom of Khocho . . . to be the historical Shambhala''' 
Dr Edwin Bernbaum, a Research Associate of the University of California, Berkeley, claimed, in his book [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] (1980, 2001), that Shambhala is not in the Himalayas, but far to the north, in the Turfan Depression, "Established by the Uighurs, a Turkish perople, around 850, the kingdom of Khocho flourished for four hundred years as a remarkable oasis of culture and learning. A predominantly Buddhist country, with numerous monasteries, it also had active centers of Manicheanism and Nestorian Christianity . . . At the time the ''Kalackra'' appreared in India, the kingdom of Khocho probably possessed the most advanced civilization of any country in Central Asia. Well-irrigated fields and orchards produced enough surplus food to allow the Uighurs to run welfare programs for the poor. Living together in peaceful harmony, people of different races, relgions and languages stimulated each other's thought and culture. Paintings found in the ruins of Turfan show houses built in the Chinese style, men and women dressed in embroidered silk, and a chamber ensemble complete with harps, guitar, and flutes. Even the Chinese, the most fastidious connoisseurs of culture, were impressed by the grace of Uihur society." (pp.42-43)

Bernbaum's [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] is an excellent resource and a likely backgrounder for Pynchon when writing about Shambhala in ''Against the Day''.

Interesting connection between Shambala and bi-location: According to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalachakra Kalachakra Tantra], the King of Shambhala requested teaching from the Buddha that would allow him to practice the dharma without renouncing his worldly enjoyments and responsibilities. In response to his request, the Buddha appeared in two places at once to teach the first Kālachakra tantra. (Wikipedia)

'''Urumchi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi Urumchi] or Ürümqi, is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. With a population of 2.1 million (75% are Han Chinese) and located in the northwest of the country, it is the largest city in the western half of China. Ürümqi is the most remote city from any sea in the world at a distance of about 1,400 miles from the nearest coastline.

'''lowlands of Dzungaria''' 
A region of 300,000 sq mi in Xinjiang, NW China. It is a largely steppe and semidesert basin surrounded by high mountains: the Tian Shan in the south and the Altai in the north. Urumchi and Yining are the main cities with other smaller oasis towns dot the piedmont areas. The region passed to the Chinese only in the mid-18th century.

==Page 773==

'''Lake Zaisan''' 
Lake Zaisan, in Russian Central Asia near the Chinese border, is located in an open valley between the Altai range on the northeast and the Tarbagatai on the south at an altitude of 1,355 ft.

'''The Irtysh . . . the Ob''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irtysh_River The Irtysh] is the chief tributary of the Ob which is a major river in western Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob_river The Ob] is Russia's fourth longest river. The Ob-Irtysh form a major basin in Asia, encompassing most of western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.

'''Novosibirsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk Novosibirsk] lies along the Ob river in the West Siberian Plain. It is Russia's 3rd largest city, after Moscow and St.Petersburg. It was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the Ob. In early 20th century the Turkestan-Siberia Railway, connecting Novosibirsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea, was completed.

'''The Paris of Siberia''' 
By 1900 Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 763: Irkutsk]]) had been nicknamed as such.

'''''kupechestvo''''' 
Russian: the merchant community.

'''Glaskovsk''' 
A suburb in Irkutsk across the Irkut river.

==Page 774==

'''Club Golomyanka''' 
A golomyanka is a viviparous fish of the perch family, unique to Lake Baikal.

'''NAUSHNIKI''' 
As translated in the text.

'''1895 model Nagant revolver''' 
[http://world.guns.ru/handguns/hg102-e.htm Nagant revolver] was designed in Belgium by Nagant brothers in the late 1880s and was adopted by numerous countries. The major user and manufacturer was Russia which adopted it in 1895.

'''British gold sovereigns''' 
The world's most popular gold coins, [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/firstsovereign.html British gold sovereign] first came to existence in 1489 under Henry VII. There was a major change in 1816 for the so-called Modern Soverign which are continure to the present day. It has a value of one pound sterling (but with a much higher trading market value) and is made of 15.55 grams of standard gold coinage alloy of 23 carat, equal to 95.83% pure gold. (Another source [http://www.onlygold.com/Coins/BritishSovereignsFullScreen.asp British gold sovereigns2] said they have a 91.7% gold.)

==Page 775==

'''Tower Hill''' 
[http://www.royalmint.com/RoyalMint/web/site/Corporate/AboutUs/History/TowerHill.asp The Royal Mint at Tower Hill], London, between 1812-1968. Now the Royal mint is at Liantrisant (10 miles west of Cardiff), Wales.

'''Young Vic''' 
Image of young Queen Victoria on the British sovereign (1 pound) piece. The first portrait for Queen Victoria was the "Youg Head", which was used on sovereigns from 1838 to 1887 inclusive. For a picture for this coin see [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/heads.html Victoria Young Head]. 
Contrast with [http://www.rvhf.org/history.html Old Vic,] the theater, originally the Royal Coburg, renamed Royal Victoria in 1833—when Vic was Young. The name Old Vic "eventually" became customary and is now official. This is the house that Kevin Spacey runs.

'''Upper Tunguska, Stony Tunguska, Lower Tunguska''' 
They are the three eastern tributaries of the Yenisei River in Siberia. They cut across the swampy forests of east-central Siberia, draining the Tunguska Basin. Furthest north is the Lower Tunguska (1,590 mile long). The Stony Tunguska (980 mile long) rises west of the headwaters of the Lower Tunguska. The Upper Tunguska is the name given to the lower course of the Angara and it joins the Yenisei at Strelka. The area of the three rivers is the home of the Tungus. ([http://www.bartelby.com/65/tu/Tunguska.html Tunguska]).

'''the Ilimpiya''' 
Presumably the Ilimpeya River, a left-bank tributary of the Lower Tunguska, is named for them.

:It refers to the Tungus people from the Ilimpiya river.

'''the Shanyagir''' 
A clan of the Tungus people who lives along the Stony Tunguska.

'''Magyakan''' 
Shaman of the Ilimpiya clan, also spelled Magankan. His greatest feat was summoning a huge flock of ''agdi'', the birds made of iron that produce the thunder, for the explosion over the land of the Shanyagir clan. It flattened nearly a thousand square miles of forest and started a fire that burned for weeks, sending ash so high that it circled the Northern Hemisphere, making sunsets bright. See [http://www.answers.com/topic/shaman shaman].

'''''siberyaki''''' 
Standard spelling ''sibiryaki.'' Russian: Siberians.

'''Bratsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratsk Bratsk], located on the Angara River near the vast Bratsk Reservoir, is a city in Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russia.

'''Yeniseisk''' 
[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Yeniseisk,_Siberia_(Capital) Yeniseisk], on the right bank of the Yenisei, is a Siberian city 170 miles northwest of Krasnoyarsk, capital of the government of the same name.

'''embouchure''' 
French word denoting the conformation of the mouth (in speaking, playing the clarinet, etc.).

==Page 776==

'''Dorzhieff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agvan_Dorjiev Agvan Dorjiev] (1853/54–1938) was an ethnic Buriat who trained as a Buddhist monk in Tibet.He was one of the tutors of the 13th Dalai Lama and was his representative at the Russian court. He played a great role in the international political life, establishing various relations between Tibet and Russia. The British believed that Dorjiev had created the Shambala Russian myth. Ekai Kawaguchi, a Buddhist monk from Japan who visited Tibet at the turn of the 20th century, claimed to have heard of a pamphlet in which Dorjiev wrote “Shambhala was Russia. The Emperor, moreover, was an incarnation of Tsongkhapa, and would sooner or later subdue the whole world and found a gigantic Buddhist empire”. The religiously-based purpose of Agvan Dorjiev was the foundation of a Lamaist-oriented kingdom of the Tibetans and Mongols as a theocracy under the Dalai Lama ... [and] under the protection of Tsarist Russia ... In addition, among the Lamaists there existed the religiously grounded hope for help from a ‘Messianic Kingdom’ in the North ... called 'Northern Shambhala’. At the center of Dorjiev’s activities in Russia stood the construction of a three-dimensional mandala — the Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg. Regarding the décor, it is perhaps also of interest that there was a swastika motif which the Bolsheviks knocked out during the Second World War. Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg there was sufficient room for several lamas, who looked after the ritual life, to live on the grounds. Dorjiev had originally intended to triple the staffing and to construct not just a temple but also a whole monastery. This was prevented, however, by the intervention of the Russian Orthodox Church . Officially, the buddhist shrine was declared to be a place for the needs of the Buriat, Tuva, mongol ,and Kalmyk minorities in the capital. With regard to its occult functions it was a tantric mandala with which the Kalachakra system was to be transplanted into the West. From the lamas’ traditional point of view, founding a temple is seen as an act of spiritual occupation of a territory. Such sacred buildings as the Kalachakra temple in St. Petersburg are cosmograms which are employed by the lamas as magic seals in order to spiritually subjugate countries and peoples.

'''taiga''' 
Coniferous boreal forest; supports logging, trapping, hunting/gathering.

'''iron creatures of Agdy . . . their eyes flashing . . .''' 
"The Tungus have only one expression for the thunder - ''agdy''-, by which they also describe the old man, the lord of the thunder as well as all the thunderbirds that come down to earth and cause the thunder. The ''Agdy'' birds are as big as black grouses, are made of iron, and their eyes are fiery. The thunder arises from their flight above the earth and their eyes flash like lightning." (from a quotation in [http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/evenkiv.html Tungus eye-witnesses reports of Tunguska Event]).

'''Hindu fire-god Agni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agni Fire-god Agni] is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word ''Agni'' is Sanskrit for "fire". Agni is a messenger from and to the other gods. He is ever-young and immortal, because the fire is re-lit every day.

'''Ogdai Khan''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_765|page 765: Ogdai]].

==Page 777==

'''The Church of England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England The Church of England] is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the "mother" and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.

'''Shamanism''' 
Decentralized religion. The village shaman engaged in spirit travel and communicated with animals, ancestors, etc., for the benefit of the people, often using bizarrely excessive amounts of drugs.

'''The Cherokee''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee The Cherokee] are a people indigenous to North American, who at the time of European contact in the 16th century inhabited what is now the Eastern and Southeastern United States. Most were forcibly moved westward to the Ozark Plateua. They were one of the tribes referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes.

'''the Apache''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache The Apache] is the collective name for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the US. They formerly lived over eastern Arizona, north-western Mexico, New Mexico, parts of Texas.

'''the massacre of the Sioux Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee''' 
They were the largest and most important Indian tribe north of Mexico, with the exception of Chippewa, who, however, lack the solidarity of the Sioux. [http://www.indians.org/articles/sioux-indians.html The Sioux] actually came to North America from Asia about 30,000 years ago. The name Sioux means "little snake". They were generally nomadic, typically followed the pattern of the buffalo. [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/sioux-indians/sioux-indians.htm The Sioux Indians] occupied the vast domain extending from the Arkansas River, in the south, to the western tributary of Lake Winnipeg, in the north, and westward to the eastern slopes of the Rocky. The Sioux battled the white men and fought against the government in orer to keep their land. There was a general uprising in 1862. Later there were many more fierce armed conflicts involved the Sioux. One of the better known was ''The Battle of Little Big Horn'' on June 25, 1876, in which General Custer and all of his immediate command were killed. This was one of the most significant victories, led by [http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/bigfoor.htm Sitting Bull] (1831-1890), of the Indian Nations. 
A new Indian's religion that promised to rid the land of white people and restore the Indians' way of life evolved in 1880s-1890s as a reaction to the Indians being forced to submit to government authority and reservation life. The new religion was called [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost.html the Ghost Dance] by the white because of its ceremonial ritual dance and its precepts of resurrection and reunion with the dead. The Sioux were the most enthusiastic believers. But the Bureau of Indian Affairs banned the Ghost Dance feared that the swelling numbers of Ghost Dancers and believed that the ritual was a precusor to renwered Indian militancy and violent rebellion. The confrontation led to [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKmscr.html The Wounded Knee Massacre] on December 29, 1890 in which over 350 Ghost Dancers were slained. And this was the last major armed conflict between the Indian Nations and the US Government.

==Page 779==

'''A heavenwide blast of light''' 
It refers to the greatest cosmic impact of the century, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event the Tunguska Event], happened at 7:17 A.M. on June 30, 1908 near the Stony Tunguska River at Tunguska basin in central Siberia, Russia. With no warning, a small comet or meteor about 100 ft in diameter, coming from the direction of Western China and glowing with the heat of 5,000 degrees, hurtling through space about 3-6 miles above the Earth and exploded in the sky 40 miles north of Vanavara settlement by the Stony Tunguska. It was so powerful that the seismograph at Irkutsk, some 550 miles away, registered what looked like an earthquake. The impact had a force of 20 million tons of TNT, equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima bombs. It is estimated that 60-80 million trees were felled over an area of 830 square miless but left no obvious crater. If the explosion had occurred over St Petersburg hundreds of thousands of people would have been killed. But the Event occurred at such a remote and isolated location that no scientist bothered to investigate the "rumors" of the event for 13 years. (See also [http://www.unmuseum.org/siberia.htm Tunguska Event from UnMuseum].)
:Check your TV schedule for a History Channel special, ''Siberian Apocalypse,'' which presents old movie footage of Soviet explorations (my guess: re-enacted in the 1930s) and analyses by present-day scientists and UFOlogists, along with the usual Slo-Mo Channel animations repeated ad nauseam. The program ran on March 18, 2007. The best current information, according to a team from the University of Bologna, points to a stony asteroid (a "carbonaceous chondrite") that disintegrated some miles above the surface, leaving no fragments to be found but loading the local vegetation with elements not typical of the taiga.
:Two of the stranger hypotheses about the Event have special ''AtD'' connections. (1) The cosmic object was a chunk of antimatter, and the energy it released was due to annihilation when it came into contact with terrestrial matter (air). This would make the object, in a sense, [[ATD_57-80#Page_78|the Anti-Stone (p. 78).]] (2) The Event was the explosion produced by dissipation of a huge [[ATD_57-80#Page_73|ball lightning (p. 73).]] Both these notions are pretty remote, though, and the stony asteroid holds up better.

'''poods''' 
Russian measure of weight. One pood = 16.38 kilograms; 30 poods = 491 kg = 1081 pounds, pretty close to half a ton.

'''''ekipazh''''' 
Russian: crew, team.

'''''Právil'no''''' 
Russian: all ''right!''

'''Russian design philosophy''' 
. . . which is perpetuated in Soviet and Russian space technology.

'''Razvedka''' 
Russian: intelligence (in the military-political sense).

'''pogroms''' 
Terror campaigns, usually against Jews.

==Page 780==

'''Ofitser Nauchny''' 
Russian: science officer.

'''this Event''' 
The Tunguska Event. Cf 779: A heavenside blast of light.

'''''umnik''''' 
Russian: clever man.

'''General Sukhomlinoff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Sukhomlinov Vladimir Alexandrovich Sukhomlinoff] (1848-1926), Russian cavalry officer, Chief of General Staff 1908-9, Minister of War 1909-15, imprisoned 1917-18 for failure to prepare the Russian Army for World War, emigrated to Finland and then to Germany.

'''''Zi!''''' 
Might be an error. "Wait" in the imperative mode is ''zhdi'' or ''podozhdi'' in Russian.

'''butterfly . . . angel''' 
The description of the damage pattern is accurate; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event.]

==Page 781==

'''''zastolye''''' 
Russian: group of regulars.

'''''Khuy''''' 
Impolite Russian: cock!

'''Bezumyoff''' 
The name derives from Russian ''bezumets'': madman.

'''''vseznaǐka''''' 
Russian: as translated in text. In keeping with the sources he must have used—many of them contemporary—Pynchon applies a bewildering assortment of rules in transliterating Russian words.

'''"potentially a hole in the earth"''' 
One of the theories regarding the real Tungaska Event is that a small black hole entered the earth. Flaw in theory: an exit has never been found. See Wikipedia ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''. . . ''at any moment'', directly beneath St Petersburg . . .''' 
"According to the Guinness Book of World Records (1966 edition), if the collision had occurred 4 hours 47 minutes later, it would have wiped out St. Petersburg, the starting point of the Bolshevik revolution." See (Wikipedia article, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''Tsarskoe Selo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarskoe_Selo Tsarskoe Selo], ''Tsar's Village'', was the "country" home of the Russian Tsars. It is now part of the town of Pushkin about 15 miles south from the center of St.Petersburg.

==Page 782==

'''...to reaffirm allegiance to its limits, including mortality...''' 
That is, to reaffirm the allegiance of the inhabitants of this world to the "something's" limits, remind Man of mortality and transcendent laws and limits.

'''''Nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing.

'''Vanavara''' 
[http://www.evenkya.ru/eng/?id=obsh&sid=admterdel&ssid=41 Vanavara] is the adminstrative center, a settlement with a population of 3,000, of Tungusko-Chunsky region. It is situated on the right bank of the Stony Tunguska river. Vanavara was 40 miles south of the Tunguska Event blast center.

'''Transfinitum''' 
Cantor's mathematical concept of transfinite numbers, indefinitely large but distinct from one another.

==Page 783==

'''''dungur''''' 
A ''dungur'' is a shamanic drum.

'''homeopathic echoes to protect from its return''' 
The homeopathic principle is that small doses of what kills will cure or prevent; drumming prevents return of the huge sound.

==Page 784==

'''Raskol'niki''' 
Russian: schismatics, dissenters. Raskol'nikov in ''Crime and Punishment'' derives his name from this word.

'''Tchernobyl . . . Wormwood''' 
Now rendered more commonly as Chernobyl (Russian), Chornobyl (Ukrainian). 
Wormwood, a star that falls onto the Earth poisoning the fresh water sources per Book of Revelation 8:10-11. 
Dostoyevsky explores Tchenobyl/Wormwood, the meaning of the Book of Revelation in ''[[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day|The Idiot]]'', where Wormwood is also linked to the newly built net of railroads ([http://www.google.de/books?id=AWMyvJTUoFYC&pg=RA1-PA423&ots=eUY1cTqyvg&dq=idiot+wormwood&sig=9e2YFxWCZU568-eHjz_nHMM345A#PRA1-PA423,M1 Google Books]).

'''Reindeer discovered again their ancient powers of flight, which had lapsed over the centuries since humans had invaded the North. Some were stimulated by the accompanying radiation into an epidermal luminescence at the red end of the spectrum, particularly around the nasal area.''' 
In other words, Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer and his airborne squadron mates. Seriously: magic and the possibility of change is reintroduced into the world.

'''heat . . . tended to flow unpredictably''' 
The Laws of Thermodynamics have taken a brief holiday.

'''Old Slavonic''' 
Or Old Church Slavonic; liturgical language of Russian Orthodox Church, closely related to Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Serbian (Tesla's father was a Serbian priest who worked in this language).

'''Aspects of the landscape of Tierra del Fuego . . . sea ernes''' 
Not exactly. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-tailed_Eagle White-tailed Eagle] (''Haliaeetus albicilla''), also known as the Erne or the Sea Eagle, is actually a bird of Eurasia.

==Page 785==

'''''izba''''' 
Russian: hut.

'''Ssagan''' 
In Burkhanism, a Russian religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region between 1904 and the 1930s, Ak-Burkhan ("White Burkhan) is a deity who is depicted as an old man with white hair, a white coat, and white headgear, who rides a white horse, and is possibly analogous to the Mongolian "white old man," Tsagan Ebugen. The Buryat language (or Buriat) is a Mongolic language spoken by the Buryats of Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism]

Sacred white reindeer parallels Native American's reverence for white buffalos.

==Page 786==

'''the Sayan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayan_Mountains The Sayan] is a mountain range in southern Siberia. The eastern Sauan extends 600 miles from the Yenisei to the southwest end of Lake Baikal, and the western Sayan forms the eastern continuation of the Altay Mountains.

'''Tannu-Ola''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannu-Ola_Mountains The Tannu-Ola] mountain range is in southern Siberia extending east-west direction and curves along the Mongolian border.

'''Tuva''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuva Tuva] is located in extreme southern Siberia bordering with Mongolia. Its eastern part is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland.

'''if a fellow was going to come riding in anywhere on a white reindeer''' 
Suggestive of Jesus riding an ass into Jerusalem

'''an unearthly guttural singing''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtone_singing Overtone singing], also known as throat singing, overtone chanting, or harmonic singing, is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances created as air travels from the lungs... The best-known of the traditional forms comes from Tuva... Ethnomusicologists studying throat singing in these areas mark (it) as an integral part in the ancient pastoral animism that is still practised today. (Wikipedia) 
It is unearthly and fascinating. Tuvan throat singing can be seen and heard in the movie "Genghis Blues," a documentary about American musician Paul Pena's trip to Tuva to compete in a throat singing contest.
:In the early 1970s the German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen got some students together and made a one-piece album called ''Stimmung'' (German: tuning up). It's '''choral''' overtone singing. "Unearthly" is right.

'''"borbanngadyr"''' 
The Wikipedia entry linked in the previous annotation mentions, but doesn't describe, a style of overtone singing called ''borbangnadyr.'' Same letters arranged differently. It doesn't follow that there is a typo; transliteration from languages like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvan_language Tuvan] without "literary" histories is often controversial.

'''"the heart of Earth" 
'''"all's I see's a bunch of sheep" 
'''"Exactly." 
This is Shambhala. Sheep may safely graze.

==Page 787==

'''the Wheel of Life''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavacakra The Wheel of Life] is a complex symbolic representation of "continuous movement" in the form of a circle, used primarily in Tibetan Buddhism. "Continuous movement", ''samsāra'', is the continuous cycle of birth, life, and death from which one liberates oneself through enlightenment.

'''"Are you kind deities? or wrathful deities?"''' 
Here the interaction between Prance and the Chums of Chance resembles that between Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, and Dorothy Gale in the 1939 film [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 The Wizard of Oz.] After descending from the sky in a pink bubble and encountering Dorothy in Munchkinland, Glinda asks "Are you a good witch or a bad witch?" Dorothy replies that she's not a witch at all, just as Randolph St. Cosmo replies that the Chums "endeavor to be kind." Darby's reference to Bo Peep seems Munchkinlandian too, as Glinda is a sort of shepherd to the Munchkins themselves. --[[User:Jpicco|Jpicco]]

Also a reference to the Buddhist hierarchy of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrathful_deities enlightened beings].
A notable feature of Tibetan Buddhism is the emphasis on wrathful deities, often alternative manifestations of normally peaceful deities. They symbolize the dynamic activity of an enlightened being, brought forth to tame negative or unsettling impulses in the human mind. (Wikipedia)

'''"Bo Peep" 
she who has lost her sheep, as in the rhyme.

'''"Never work,", muttered Darby. "They'll squash you like bugs." 
Darby, now a lawyer, now cynical, presents the archetypal response to
Prance's visiting " deities" as in classic sci-fi books and movies.

'''the Tengyur''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_766|page 766: Tengyur]].

==Page 788==

'''band of''' '''''brodyagi''''' 
This entire passage is a reference to ''Don Quixote'', namely the incident with Gines de Pasamonte and the galley slaves. In ''Don Quixote'', Gines acts as a metafictional representation of Cervantes, as well as a symbol of the author/writer. Here, Topor acts as Gines, representing TRP (notice the name similarity). The hallucinogenic mushrooms represent the ''Quixote''--with a two part narrative, the first pleasant and wonderous, the second full of horrors--as well as AtD and novels, generally. The urine-drinking seems to be a crack at literary critics and literature fans who write about books and read what others write--essentially, drinking each other's urine: the after-products of the consumption of books. --[[User:Specklebelly|Specklebelly]]

'''''brodyagi''''' 
Russian: tramps.

'''"Topor"''' 
Russian: The Ax.

'''fusel oils''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_756|page 756: fusel oils]]. 
Toxic byproducts of fermentation, sometimes still present in bad liquor.

'''strange mottled red mushrooms''' 
''Amanita muscaria'', an hallucinogenic mushroom. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_muscaria Wikipedia entry].

'''drank one another's urine''' 
Shamanistic practice also observed in some "mystery" religions. The person who ingests the drug (e.g., toxic mushroom) partly metabolizes it and excretes it; followers can get a, hrmm, watered-down dose by drinking his urine. Source: [http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/abcde/allegro_john.html ''The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross''] by John M. Allegro (1970).

==Page 789==

'''''brodyagi''''' 
See page 788.

'''Christian propaganda mill down south''' 
A college?

'''Pacific Coast League''' 
Minor league (Triple-A) baseball league that at the time was the only professional baseball league west of St. Louis. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League Wikipedia entry].

Perhaps Colfax Vibe has become Sandy Koufax, pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1960's.

'''barmaid from Oakland''' 
Oakland has a Pacific Coast Brewing Company with some very sweet barmaids.

==Page 790==

'''the wilderness Creature that feeds on all other creatures . . .''' 
Described by Captain Padzhitnoff on p.124

'''Krasnoyarsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk], the third largest city in Siberia, is on the Yenisei River upstream of Yeniseisk. It is an important junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway.

'''arival''' 
Misspelling of ''arrival.''

'''remittance man''' 
A man living on remittances, i.e. family funds from home, a trust fund, etc. It is also time to note that a Fleetwood is a model of Cadillac.

==Page 791==

'''the Vormance people''' 
The Vormance polar expedition was mentioned on page 130 and elsewhere.

'''taken by the wind''' Included in refrain/hook from popular Fleetwood Mac [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac]song "Rhiannon"[http://www.lyricsfreak.com/f/fleetwood+mac/rhiannon_20054400.html]Perhaps an alternative to the Fleetwood/Cadillac reference.
[[User:Wagyu|Wagyu]] 15:52, 1 July 2007 (PDT)

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 768-791

2007-07-16T15:54:23Z

Phidre: /* Page 782 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 768==

'''fourteeners''' 
Affectionate name applied by Coloradans to mountain peaks 14,000 feet (approx. 4200 m) high.

'''Lake Baikal''' 

Another bi-location: one world out here, another reflected one in the lake. Oh, and the first syllable of the name is pronounced BY. 

Incidentally, "bai" is the Chinese word for "white" and is written 白. Could "bi-location" imply a "white" location?
Cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_946-975 Byal Sredets] p. 956.

Photos of Lake Baikal: [http://angara.net/photo/album/122] & [http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/lakebaikal/]

An Article on the Oddities of Lake Baikal: [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF9/986.html] 

Wikipedia Entry: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Baikal]

==Page 769==

'''Mount Kailash''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_437|page 437: Mount Kailash]].

'''Tengri Khan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Tengri Tengri Khan] is a mountain, the second-highest peak (23,000 ft) of the Tian Shan mountain range.

'''Hassan was of course no longer there.''' 
OK, I have no idea what happened here. Since this is the non-spoiler section, maybe we can talk about it here: [[Hassan's Dissappearance Discussion|DISCUSSION]]

'''a maze of slot canyons''' 
The ground is crumpled rather like Kovalevskaia's handkerchief on page 634.

==Page 770==

'''stand before the Gate . . . Kit looked up . . .''' 
See the picture here: Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Tushuk Tash]].

'''followed by the whizzing sound''' 
As the impact of the V-2 was in ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

==Page 771==

'''You are released''' 
Echoes ''Ite, missa est'' on page 668.

'''samovars . . . gasping and puffing''' 
Samovar: a double urn containing a large amount of hot water and a small amount of super-strong tea. Passengers mixed their own to taste. The hot-water urn (the samovar proper) was in fact a small charcoal boiler; there ''was'' much steam. Many Russian railroad cars had samovars.

'''Ak-su''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksu_City Ak-su] (White Water) is a city in Xinjiang, China. It is located in the Southern foothills of Tian Shan. The economy of Ak-su is mostly agricultural, with cotton, in particular the long-staple cotton, as the main product.

'''Kucha''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucha Kucha] is a city in Xinjiang. It was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Takalmakan desert in the Tarim Basin.

'''Korla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korla Korla], also spelled as Kurla, is a city south of Karashahr. The Iron Gate Pass, 4 miles north of the city, played an important part in protecting the ancient Silk Road from rading nomads from the north.

'''Karasahr''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karasahr Karasahr] (Black City) is located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan desert.

'''nephrite''' 
Fibrous silicate mineral, one of the constituents of jade.

'''Turfan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turfan Turfan] is an oasis city located about 90 miles southeast of Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang, China, in a mountain basin on the northern side of the Turfan Depression. Even though it has only 0.9 inch rainfall per year, Turfan has long been the center of a fertile oasis, producing great quatities of high-quality fruits, and an imprtant trade center.

'''Flaming Mountains''' 
[http://www.chinaetravel.com/attraction/att27c.html Flaming Mountains] are red sandstone hills on the northern edge of the Turfan Basin. The red of the hills has been likened to burning flames, and temperatures often reach a sweltering 130° F. The Mountains were made famous by the 16th-century Chinese classic novel ''Journey to the West''.

'''the Sangre de Cristos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains The Sangre de Cristos] (Blood of Christ) are the southermost subrange of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

==Page 772==
'''the ancient kingdom of Khocho . . . to be the historical Shambhala''' 
Dr Edwin Bernbaum, a Research Associate of the University of California, Berkeley, claimed, in his book [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] (1980, 2001), that Shambhala is not in the Himalayas, but far to the north, in the Turfan Depression, "Established by the Uighurs, a Turkish perople, around 850, the kingdom of Khocho flourished for four hundred years as a remarkable oasis of culture and learning. A predominantly Buddhist country, with numerous monasteries, it also had active centers of Manicheanism and Nestorian Christianity . . . At the time the ''Kalackra'' appreared in India, the kingdom of Khocho probably possessed the most advanced civilization of any country in Central Asia. Well-irrigated fields and orchards produced enough surplus food to allow the Uighurs to run welfare programs for the poor. Living together in peaceful harmony, people of different races, relgions and languages stimulated each other's thought and culture. Paintings found in the ruins of Turfan show houses built in the Chinese style, men and women dressed in embroidered silk, and a chamber ensemble complete with harps, guitar, and flutes. Even the Chinese, the most fastidious connoisseurs of culture, were impressed by the grace of Uihur society." (pp.42-43)

Bernbaum's [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] is an excellent resource and a likely backgrounder for Pynchon when writing about Shambhala in ''Against the Day''.

Interesting connection between Shambala and bi-location: According to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalachakra Kalachakra Tantra], the King of Shambhala requested teaching from the Buddha that would allow him to practice the dharma without renouncing his worldly enjoyments and responsibilities. In response to his request, the Buddha appeared in two places at once to teach the first Kālachakra tantra. (Wikipedia)

'''Urumchi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi Urumchi] or Ürümqi, is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. With a population of 2.1 million (75% are Han Chinese) and located in the northwest of the country, it is the largest city in the western half of China. Ürümqi is the most remote city from any sea in the world at a distance of about 1,400 miles from the nearest coastline.

'''lowlands of Dzungaria''' 
A region of 300,000 sq mi in Xinjiang, NW China. It is a largely steppe and semidesert basin surrounded by high mountains: the Tian Shan in the south and the Altai in the north. Urumchi and Yining are the main cities with other smaller oasis towns dot the piedmont areas. The region passed to the Chinese only in the mid-18th century.

==Page 773==

'''Lake Zaisan''' 
Lake Zaisan, in Russian Central Asia near the Chinese border, is located in an open valley between the Altai range on the northeast and the Tarbagatai on the south at an altitude of 1,355 ft.

'''The Irtysh . . . the Ob''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irtysh_River The Irtysh] is the chief tributary of the Ob which is a major river in western Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob_river The Ob] is Russia's fourth longest river. The Ob-Irtysh form a major basin in Asia, encompassing most of western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.

'''Novosibirsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk Novosibirsk] lies along the Ob river in the West Siberian Plain. It is Russia's 3rd largest city, after Moscow and St.Petersburg. It was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the Ob. In early 20th century the Turkestan-Siberia Railway, connecting Novosibirsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea, was completed.

'''The Paris of Siberia''' 
By 1900 Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 763: Irkutsk]]) had been nicknamed as such.

'''''kupechestvo''''' 
Russian: the merchant community.

'''Glaskovsk''' 
A suburb in Irkutsk across the Irkut river.

==Page 774==

'''Club Golomyanka''' 
A golomyanka is a viviparous fish of the perch family, unique to Lake Baikal.

'''NAUSHNIKI''' 
As translated in the text.

'''1895 model Nagant revolver''' 
[http://world.guns.ru/handguns/hg102-e.htm Nagant revolver] was designed in Belgium by Nagant brothers in the late 1880s and was adopted by numerous countries. The major user and manufacturer was Russia which adopted it in 1895.

'''British gold sovereigns''' 
The world's most popular gold coins, [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/firstsovereign.html British gold sovereign] first came to existence in 1489 under Henry VII. There was a major change in 1816 for the so-called Modern Soverign which are continure to the present day. It has a value of one pound sterling (but with a much higher trading market value) and is made of 15.55 grams of standard gold coinage alloy of 23 carat, equal to 95.83% pure gold. (Another source [http://www.onlygold.com/Coins/BritishSovereignsFullScreen.asp British gold sovereigns2] said they have a 91.7% gold.)

==Page 775==

'''Tower Hill''' 
[http://www.royalmint.com/RoyalMint/web/site/Corporate/AboutUs/History/TowerHill.asp The Royal Mint at Tower Hill], London, between 1812-1968. Now the Royal mint is at Liantrisant (10 miles west of Cardiff), Wales.

'''Young Vic''' 
Image of young Queen Victoria on the British sovereign (1 pound) piece. The first portrait for Queen Victoria was the "Youg Head", which was used on sovereigns from 1838 to 1887 inclusive. For a picture for this coin see [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/heads.html Victoria Young Head]. 
Contrast with [http://www.rvhf.org/history.html Old Vic,] the theater, originally the Royal Coburg, renamed Royal Victoria in 1833—when Vic was Young. The name Old Vic "eventually" became customary and is now official. This is the house that Kevin Spacey runs.

'''Upper Tunguska, Stony Tunguska, Lower Tunguska''' 
They are the three eastern tributaries of the Yenisei River in Siberia. They cut across the swampy forests of east-central Siberia, draining the Tunguska Basin. Furthest north is the Lower Tunguska (1,590 mile long). The Stony Tunguska (980 mile long) rises west of the headwaters of the Lower Tunguska. The Upper Tunguska is the name given to the lower course of the Angara and it joins the Yenisei at Strelka. The area of the three rivers is the home of the Tungus. ([http://www.bartelby.com/65/tu/Tunguska.html Tunguska]).

'''the Ilimpiya''' 
Presumably the Ilimpeya River, a left-bank tributary of the Lower Tunguska, is named for them.

:It refers to the Tungus people from the Ilimpiya river.

'''the Shanyagir''' 
A clan of the Tungus people who lives along the Stony Tunguska.

'''Magyakan''' 
Shaman of the Ilimpiya clan, also spelled Magankan. His greatest feat was summoning a huge flock of ''agdi'', the birds made of iron that produce the thunder, for the explosion over the land of the Shanyagir clan. It flattened nearly a thousand square miles of forest and started a fire that burned for weeks, sending ash so high that it circled the Northern Hemisphere, making sunsets bright. See [http://www.answers.com/topic/shaman shaman].

'''''siberyaki''''' 
Standard spelling ''sibiryaki.'' Russian: Siberians.

'''Bratsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratsk Bratsk], located on the Angara River near the vast Bratsk Reservoir, is a city in Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russia.

'''Yeniseisk''' 
[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Yeniseisk,_Siberia_(Capital) Yeniseisk], on the right bank of the Yenisei, is a Siberian city 170 miles northwest of Krasnoyarsk, capital of the government of the same name.

'''embouchure''' 
French word denoting the conformation of the mouth (in speaking, playing the clarinet, etc.).

==Page 776==

'''Dorzhieff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agvan_Dorjiev Agvan Dorjiev] (1853/54–1938) was an ethnic Buriat who trained as a Buddhist monk in Tibet.He was one of the tutors of the 13th Dalai Lama and was his representative at the Russian court. He played a great role in the international political life, establishing various relations between Tibet and Russia. The British believed that Dorjiev had created the Shambala Russian myth. Ekai Kawaguchi, a Buddhist monk from Japan who visited Tibet at the turn of the 20th century, claimed to have heard of a pamphlet in which Dorjiev wrote “Shambhala was Russia. The Emperor, moreover, was an incarnation of Tsongkhapa, and would sooner or later subdue the whole world and found a gigantic Buddhist empire”. The religiously-based purpose of Agvan Dorjiev was the foundation of a Lamaist-oriented kingdom of the Tibetans and Mongols as a theocracy under the Dalai Lama ... [and] under the protection of Tsarist Russia ... In addition, among the Lamaists there existed the religiously grounded hope for help from a ‘Messianic Kingdom’ in the North ... called 'Northern Shambhala’. At the center of Dorjiev’s activities in Russia stood the construction of a three-dimensional mandala — the Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg. Regarding the décor, it is perhaps also of interest that there was a swastika motif which the Bolsheviks knocked out during the Second World War. Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg there was sufficient room for several lamas, who looked after the ritual life, to live on the grounds. Dorjiev had originally intended to triple the staffing and to construct not just a temple but also a whole monastery. This was prevented, however, by the intervention of the Russian Orthodox Church . Officially, the buddhist shrine was declared to be a place for the needs of the Buriat, Tuva, mongol ,and Kalmyk minorities in the capital. With regard to its occult functions it was a tantric mandala with which the Kalachakra system was to be transplanted into the West. From the lamas’ traditional point of view, founding a temple is seen as an act of spiritual occupation of a territory. Such sacred buildings as the Kalachakra temple in St. Petersburg are cosmograms which are employed by the lamas as magic seals in order to spiritually subjugate countries and peoples.

'''taiga''' 
Coniferous boreal forest; supports logging, trapping, hunting/gathering.

'''iron creatures of Agdy . . . their eyes flashing . . .''' 
"The Tungus have only one expression for the thunder - ''agdy''-, by which they also describe the old man, the lord of the thunder as well as all the thunderbirds that come down to earth and cause the thunder. The ''Agdy'' birds are as big as black grouses, are made of iron, and their eyes are fiery. The thunder arises from their flight above the earth and their eyes flash like lightning." (from a quotation in [http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/evenkiv.html Tungus eye-witnesses reports of Tunguska Event]).

'''Hindu fire-god Agni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agni Fire-god Agni] is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word ''Agni'' is Sanskrit for "fire". Agni is a messenger from and to the other gods. He is ever-young and immortal, because the fire is re-lit every day.

'''Ogdai Khan''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_765|page 765: Ogdai]].

==Page 777==

'''The Church of England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England The Church of England] is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the "mother" and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.

'''Shamanism''' 
Decentralized religion. The village shaman engaged in spirit travel and communicated with animals, ancestors, etc., for the benefit of the people, often using bizarrely excessive amounts of drugs.

'''The Cherokee''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee The Cherokee] are a people indigenous to North American, who at the time of European contact in the 16th century inhabited what is now the Eastern and Southeastern United States. Most were forcibly moved westward to the Ozark Plateua. They were one of the tribes referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes.

'''the Apache''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache The Apache] is the collective name for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the US. They formerly lived over eastern Arizona, north-western Mexico, New Mexico, parts of Texas.

'''the massacre of the Sioux Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee''' 
They were the largest and most important Indian tribe north of Mexico, with the exception of Chippewa, who, however, lack the solidarity of the Sioux. [http://www.indians.org/articles/sioux-indians.html The Sioux] actually came to North America from Asia about 30,000 years ago. The name Sioux means "little snake". They were generally nomadic, typically followed the pattern of the buffalo. [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/sioux-indians/sioux-indians.htm The Sioux Indians] occupied the vast domain extending from the Arkansas River, in the south, to the western tributary of Lake Winnipeg, in the north, and westward to the eastern slopes of the Rocky. The Sioux battled the white men and fought against the government in orer to keep their land. There was a general uprising in 1862. Later there were many more fierce armed conflicts involved the Sioux. One of the better known was ''The Battle of Little Big Horn'' on June 25, 1876, in which General Custer and all of his immediate command were killed. This was one of the most significant victories, led by [http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/bigfoor.htm Sitting Bull] (1831-1890), of the Indian Nations. 
A new Indian's religion that promised to rid the land of white people and restore the Indians' way of life evolved in 1880s-1890s as a reaction to the Indians being forced to submit to government authority and reservation life. The new religion was called [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost.html the Ghost Dance] by the white because of its ceremonial ritual dance and its precepts of resurrection and reunion with the dead. The Sioux were the most enthusiastic believers. But the Bureau of Indian Affairs banned the Ghost Dance feared that the swelling numbers of Ghost Dancers and believed that the ritual was a precusor to renwered Indian militancy and violent rebellion. The confrontation led to [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKmscr.html The Wounded Knee Massacre] on December 29, 1890 in which over 350 Ghost Dancers were slained. And this was the last major armed conflict between the Indian Nations and the US Government.

==Page 779==

'''A heavenwide blast of light''' 
It refers to the greatest cosmic impact of the century, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event the Tunguska Event], happened at 7:17 A.M. on June 30, 1908 near the Stony Tunguska River at Tunguska basin in central Siberia, Russia. With no warning, a small comet or meteor about 100 ft in diameter, coming from the direction of Western China and glowing with the heat of 5,000 degrees, hurtling through space about 3-6 miles above the Earth and exploded in the sky 40 miles north of Vanavara settlement by the Stony Tunguska. It was so powerful that the seismograph at Irkutsk, some 550 miles away, registered what looked like an earthquake. The impact had a force of 20 million tons of TNT, equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima bombs. It is estimated that 60-80 million trees were felled over an area of 830 square miless but left no obvious crater. If the explosion had occurred over St Petersburg hundreds of thousands of people would have been killed. But the Event occurred at such a remote and isolated location that no scientist bothered to investigate the "rumors" of the event for 13 years. (See also [http://www.unmuseum.org/siberia.htm Tunguska Event from UnMuseum].)
:Check your TV schedule for a History Channel special, ''Siberian Apocalypse,'' which presents old movie footage of Soviet explorations (my guess: re-enacted in the 1930s) and analyses by present-day scientists and UFOlogists, along with the usual Slo-Mo Channel animations repeated ad nauseam. The program ran on March 18, 2007. The best current information, according to a team from the University of Bologna, points to a stony asteroid (a "carbonaceous chondrite") that disintegrated some miles above the surface, leaving no fragments to be found but loading the local vegetation with elements not typical of the taiga.
:Two of the stranger hypotheses about the Event have special ''AtD'' connections. (1) The cosmic object was a chunk of antimatter, and the energy it released was due to annihilation when it came into contact with terrestrial matter (air). This would make the object, in a sense, [[ATD_57-80#Page_78|the Anti-Stone (p. 78).]] (2) The Event was the explosion produced by dissipation of a huge [[ATD_57-80#Page_73|ball lightning (p. 73).]] Both these notions are pretty remote, though, and the stony asteroid holds up better.

'''poods''' 
Russian measure of weight. One pood = 16.38 kilograms; 30 poods = 491 kg = 1081 pounds, pretty close to half a ton.

'''''ekipazh''''' 
Russian: crew, team.

'''''Právil'no''''' 
Russian: all ''right!''

'''Russian design philosophy''' 
. . . which is perpetuated in Soviet and Russian space technology.

'''Razvedka''' 
Russian: intelligence (in the military-political sense).

'''pogroms''' 
Terror campaigns, usually against Jews.

==Page 780==

'''Ofitser Nauchny''' 
Russian: science officer.

'''this Event''' 
The Tunguska Event. Cf 779: A heavenside blast of light.

'''''umnik''''' 
Russian: clever man.

'''General Sukhomlinoff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Sukhomlinov Vladimir Alexandrovich Sukhomlinoff] (1848-1926), Russian cavalry officer, Chief of General Staff 1908-9, Minister of War 1909-15, imprisoned 1917-18 for failure to prepare the Russian Army for World War, emigrated to Finland and then to Germany.

'''''Zi!''''' 
Might be an error. "Wait" in the imperative mode is ''zhdi'' or ''podozhdi'' in Russian.

'''butterfly . . . angel''' 
The description of the damage pattern is accurate; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event.]

==Page 781==

'''''zastolye''''' 
Russian: group of regulars.

'''''Khuy''''' 
Impolite Russian: cock!

'''Bezumyoff''' 
The name derives from Russian ''bezumets'': madman.

'''''vseznaǐka''''' 
Russian: as translated in text. In keeping with the sources he must have used—many of them contemporary—Pynchon applies a bewildering assortment of rules in transliterating Russian words.

'''"potentially a hole in the earth"''' 
One of the theories regarding the real Tungaska Event is that a small black hole entered the earth. Flaw in theory: an exit has never been found. See Wikipedia ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''. . . ''at any moment'', directly beneath St Petersburg . . .''' 
"According to the Guinness Book of World Records (1966 edition), if the collision had occurred 4 hours 47 minutes later, it would have wiped out St. Petersburg, the starting point of the Bolshevik revolution." See (Wikipedia article, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''Tsarskoe Selo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarskoe_Selo Tsarskoe Selo], ''Tsar's Village'', was the "country" home of the Russian Tsars. It is now part of the town of Pushkin about 15 miles south from the center of St.Petersburg.

==Page 782==

'''...to reaffirm allegiance to its limits, including mortality...''' 
That is, to reaffirm the allegiance of the inhabitants of this world to the "something's" limits, remind Man of mortality and transcendent laws and limits.

'''''Nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing.

'''Vanavara''' 
[http://www.evenkya.ru/eng/?id=obsh&sid=admterdel&ssid=41 Vanavara] is the adminstrative center, a settlement with a population of 3,000, of Tungusko-Chunsky region. It is situated on the right bank of the Stony Tunguska river. Vanavara was 40 miles south of the Tunguska Event blast center.

'''Transfinitum''' 
Cantor's mathematical concept of transfinite numbers, indefinitely large but distinct from one another.

==Page 783==

'''''dungur''''' 
A ''dungur'' is a shamanic drum.

'''homeopathic echoes to protect from its return''' 
The homeopathic principle is that small doses of what kills will cure or prevent; drumming prevents return of the huge sound.

==Page 784==

'''Raskol'niki''' 
Russian: schismatics, dissenters. Raskol'nikov in ''Crime and Punishment'' derives his name from this word.

'''Tchernobyl . . . Wormwood''' 
Now rendered more commonly as Chernobyl (Russian), Chornobyl (Ukrainian). 
Wormwood, a star that falls onto the Earth poisoning the fresh water sources per Book of Revelation 8:10-11. 
Dostoyevsky explores Tchenobyl/Wormwood, the meaning of the Book of Revelation in ''[[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day|The Idiot]].''

'''Reindeer discovered again their ancient powers of flight, which had lapsed over the centuries since humans had invaded the North. Some were stimulated by the accompanying radiation into an epidermal luminescence at the red end of the spectrum, particularly around the nasal area.''' 
In other words, Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer and his airborne squadron mates. Seriously: magic and the possibility of change is reintroduced into the world.

'''heat . . . tended to flow unpredictably''' 
The Laws of Thermodynamics have taken a brief holiday.

'''Old Slavonic''' 
Or Old Church Slavonic; liturgical language of Russian Orthodox Church, closely related to Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Serbian (Tesla's father was a Serbian priest who worked in this language).

'''Aspects of the landscape of Tierra del Fuego . . . sea ernes''' 
Not exactly. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-tailed_Eagle White-tailed Eagle] (''Haliaeetus albicilla''), also known as the Erne or the Sea Eagle, is actually a bird of Eurasia.

==Page 785==

'''''izba''''' 
Russian: hut.

'''Ssagan''' 
In Burkhanism, a Russian religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region between 1904 and the 1930s, Ak-Burkhan ("White Burkhan) is a deity who is depicted as an old man with white hair, a white coat, and white headgear, who rides a white horse, and is possibly analogous to the Mongolian "white old man," Tsagan Ebugen. The Buryat language (or Buriat) is a Mongolic language spoken by the Buryats of Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism]

Sacred white reindeer parallels Native American's reverence for white buffalos.

==Page 786==

'''the Sayan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayan_Mountains The Sayan] is a mountain range in southern Siberia. The eastern Sauan extends 600 miles from the Yenisei to the southwest end of Lake Baikal, and the western Sayan forms the eastern continuation of the Altay Mountains.

'''Tannu-Ola''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannu-Ola_Mountains The Tannu-Ola] mountain range is in southern Siberia extending east-west direction and curves along the Mongolian border.

'''Tuva''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuva Tuva] is located in extreme southern Siberia bordering with Mongolia. Its eastern part is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland.

'''if a fellow was going to come riding in anywhere on a white reindeer''' 
Suggestive of Jesus riding an ass into Jerusalem

'''an unearthly guttural singing''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtone_singing Overtone singing], also known as throat singing, overtone chanting, or harmonic singing, is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances created as air travels from the lungs... The best-known of the traditional forms comes from Tuva... Ethnomusicologists studying throat singing in these areas mark (it) as an integral part in the ancient pastoral animism that is still practised today. (Wikipedia) 
It is unearthly and fascinating. Tuvan throat singing can be seen and heard in the movie "Genghis Blues," a documentary about American musician Paul Pena's trip to Tuva to compete in a throat singing contest.
:In the early 1970s the German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen got some students together and made a one-piece album called ''Stimmung'' (German: tuning up). It's '''choral''' overtone singing. "Unearthly" is right.

'''"borbanngadyr"''' 
The Wikipedia entry linked in the previous annotation mentions, but doesn't describe, a style of overtone singing called ''borbangnadyr.'' Same letters arranged differently. It doesn't follow that there is a typo; transliteration from languages like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvan_language Tuvan] without "literary" histories is often controversial.

'''"the heart of Earth" 
'''"all's I see's a bunch of sheep" 
'''"Exactly." 
This is Shambhala. Sheep may safely graze.

==Page 787==

'''the Wheel of Life''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavacakra The Wheel of Life] is a complex symbolic representation of "continuous movement" in the form of a circle, used primarily in Tibetan Buddhism. "Continuous movement", ''samsāra'', is the continuous cycle of birth, life, and death from which one liberates oneself through enlightenment.

'''"Are you kind deities? or wrathful deities?"''' 
Here the interaction between Prance and the Chums of Chance resembles that between Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, and Dorothy Gale in the 1939 film [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 The Wizard of Oz.] After descending from the sky in a pink bubble and encountering Dorothy in Munchkinland, Glinda asks "Are you a good witch or a bad witch?" Dorothy replies that she's not a witch at all, just as Randolph St. Cosmo replies that the Chums "endeavor to be kind." Darby's reference to Bo Peep seems Munchkinlandian too, as Glinda is a sort of shepherd to the Munchkins themselves. --[[User:Jpicco|Jpicco]]

Also a reference to the Buddhist hierarchy of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrathful_deities enlightened beings].
A notable feature of Tibetan Buddhism is the emphasis on wrathful deities, often alternative manifestations of normally peaceful deities. They symbolize the dynamic activity of an enlightened being, brought forth to tame negative or unsettling impulses in the human mind. (Wikipedia)

'''"Bo Peep" 
she who has lost her sheep, as in the rhyme.

'''"Never work,", muttered Darby. "They'll squash you like bugs." 
Darby, now a lawyer, now cynical, presents the archetypal response to
Prance's visiting " deities" as in classic sci-fi books and movies.

'''the Tengyur''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_766|page 766: Tengyur]].

==Page 788==

'''band of''' '''''brodyagi''''' 
This entire passage is a reference to ''Don Quixote'', namely the incident with Gines de Pasamonte and the galley slaves. In ''Don Quixote'', Gines acts as a metafictional representation of Cervantes, as well as a symbol of the author/writer. Here, Topor acts as Gines, representing TRP (notice the name similarity). The hallucinogenic mushrooms represent the ''Quixote''--with a two part narrative, the first pleasant and wonderous, the second full of horrors--as well as AtD and novels, generally. The urine-drinking seems to be a crack at literary critics and literature fans who write about books and read what others write--essentially, drinking each other's urine: the after-products of the consumption of books. --[[User:Specklebelly|Specklebelly]]

'''''brodyagi''''' 
Russian: tramps.

'''"Topor"''' 
Russian: The Ax.

'''fusel oils''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_756|page 756: fusel oils]]. 
Toxic byproducts of fermentation, sometimes still present in bad liquor.

'''strange mottled red mushrooms''' 
''Amanita muscaria'', an hallucinogenic mushroom. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_muscaria Wikipedia entry].

'''drank one another's urine''' 
Shamanistic practice also observed in some "mystery" religions. The person who ingests the drug (e.g., toxic mushroom) partly metabolizes it and excretes it; followers can get a, hrmm, watered-down dose by drinking his urine. Source: [http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/abcde/allegro_john.html ''The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross''] by John M. Allegro (1970).

==Page 789==

'''''brodyagi''''' 
See page 788.

'''Christian propaganda mill down south''' 
A college?

'''Pacific Coast League''' 
Minor league (Triple-A) baseball league that at the time was the only professional baseball league west of St. Louis. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League Wikipedia entry].

Perhaps Colfax Vibe has become Sandy Koufax, pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1960's.

'''barmaid from Oakland''' 
Oakland has a Pacific Coast Brewing Company with some very sweet barmaids.

==Page 790==

'''the wilderness Creature that feeds on all other creatures . . .''' 
Described by Captain Padzhitnoff on p.124

'''Krasnoyarsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk], the third largest city in Siberia, is on the Yenisei River upstream of Yeniseisk. It is an important junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway.

'''arival''' 
Misspelling of ''arrival.''

'''remittance man''' 
A man living on remittances, i.e. family funds from home, a trust fund, etc. It is also time to note that a Fleetwood is a model of Cadillac.

==Page 791==

'''the Vormance people''' 
The Vormance polar expedition was mentioned on page 130 and elsewhere.

'''taken by the wind''' Included in refrain/hook from popular Fleetwood Mac [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac]song "Rhiannon"[http://www.lyricsfreak.com/f/fleetwood+mac/rhiannon_20054400.html]Perhaps an alternative to the Fleetwood/Cadillac reference.
[[User:Wagyu|Wagyu]] 15:52, 1 July 2007 (PDT)

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 768-791

2007-07-16T15:48:50Z

Phidre: /* Page 773 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 768==

'''fourteeners''' 
Affectionate name applied by Coloradans to mountain peaks 14,000 feet (approx. 4200 m) high.

'''Lake Baikal''' 

Another bi-location: one world out here, another reflected one in the lake. Oh, and the first syllable of the name is pronounced BY. 

Incidentally, "bai" is the Chinese word for "white" and is written 白. Could "bi-location" imply a "white" location?
Cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_946-975 Byal Sredets] p. 956.

Photos of Lake Baikal: [http://angara.net/photo/album/122] & [http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/lakebaikal/]

An Article on the Oddities of Lake Baikal: [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF9/986.html] 

Wikipedia Entry: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Baikal]

==Page 769==

'''Mount Kailash''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_437|page 437: Mount Kailash]].

'''Tengri Khan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Tengri Tengri Khan] is a mountain, the second-highest peak (23,000 ft) of the Tian Shan mountain range.

'''Hassan was of course no longer there.''' 
OK, I have no idea what happened here. Since this is the non-spoiler section, maybe we can talk about it here: [[Hassan's Dissappearance Discussion|DISCUSSION]]

'''a maze of slot canyons''' 
The ground is crumpled rather like Kovalevskaia's handkerchief on page 634.

==Page 770==

'''stand before the Gate . . . Kit looked up . . .''' 
See the picture here: Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Tushuk Tash]].

'''followed by the whizzing sound''' 
As the impact of the V-2 was in ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

==Page 771==

'''You are released''' 
Echoes ''Ite, missa est'' on page 668.

'''samovars . . . gasping and puffing''' 
Samovar: a double urn containing a large amount of hot water and a small amount of super-strong tea. Passengers mixed their own to taste. The hot-water urn (the samovar proper) was in fact a small charcoal boiler; there ''was'' much steam. Many Russian railroad cars had samovars.

'''Ak-su''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksu_City Ak-su] (White Water) is a city in Xinjiang, China. It is located in the Southern foothills of Tian Shan. The economy of Ak-su is mostly agricultural, with cotton, in particular the long-staple cotton, as the main product.

'''Kucha''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucha Kucha] is a city in Xinjiang. It was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Takalmakan desert in the Tarim Basin.

'''Korla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korla Korla], also spelled as Kurla, is a city south of Karashahr. The Iron Gate Pass, 4 miles north of the city, played an important part in protecting the ancient Silk Road from rading nomads from the north.

'''Karasahr''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karasahr Karasahr] (Black City) is located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan desert.

'''nephrite''' 
Fibrous silicate mineral, one of the constituents of jade.

'''Turfan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turfan Turfan] is an oasis city located about 90 miles southeast of Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang, China, in a mountain basin on the northern side of the Turfan Depression. Even though it has only 0.9 inch rainfall per year, Turfan has long been the center of a fertile oasis, producing great quatities of high-quality fruits, and an imprtant trade center.

'''Flaming Mountains''' 
[http://www.chinaetravel.com/attraction/att27c.html Flaming Mountains] are red sandstone hills on the northern edge of the Turfan Basin. The red of the hills has been likened to burning flames, and temperatures often reach a sweltering 130° F. The Mountains were made famous by the 16th-century Chinese classic novel ''Journey to the West''.

'''the Sangre de Cristos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains The Sangre de Cristos] (Blood of Christ) are the southermost subrange of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

==Page 772==
'''the ancient kingdom of Khocho . . . to be the historical Shambhala''' 
Dr Edwin Bernbaum, a Research Associate of the University of California, Berkeley, claimed, in his book [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] (1980, 2001), that Shambhala is not in the Himalayas, but far to the north, in the Turfan Depression, "Established by the Uighurs, a Turkish perople, around 850, the kingdom of Khocho flourished for four hundred years as a remarkable oasis of culture and learning. A predominantly Buddhist country, with numerous monasteries, it also had active centers of Manicheanism and Nestorian Christianity . . . At the time the ''Kalackra'' appreared in India, the kingdom of Khocho probably possessed the most advanced civilization of any country in Central Asia. Well-irrigated fields and orchards produced enough surplus food to allow the Uighurs to run welfare programs for the poor. Living together in peaceful harmony, people of different races, relgions and languages stimulated each other's thought and culture. Paintings found in the ruins of Turfan show houses built in the Chinese style, men and women dressed in embroidered silk, and a chamber ensemble complete with harps, guitar, and flutes. Even the Chinese, the most fastidious connoisseurs of culture, were impressed by the grace of Uihur society." (pp.42-43)

Bernbaum's [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] is an excellent resource and a likely backgrounder for Pynchon when writing about Shambhala in ''Against the Day''.

Interesting connection between Shambala and bi-location: According to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalachakra Kalachakra Tantra], the King of Shambhala requested teaching from the Buddha that would allow him to practice the dharma without renouncing his worldly enjoyments and responsibilities. In response to his request, the Buddha appeared in two places at once to teach the first Kālachakra tantra. (Wikipedia)

'''Urumchi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi Urumchi] or Ürümqi, is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. With a population of 2.1 million (75% are Han Chinese) and located in the northwest of the country, it is the largest city in the western half of China. Ürümqi is the most remote city from any sea in the world at a distance of about 1,400 miles from the nearest coastline.

'''lowlands of Dzungaria''' 
A region of 300,000 sq mi in Xinjiang, NW China. It is a largely steppe and semidesert basin surrounded by high mountains: the Tian Shan in the south and the Altai in the north. Urumchi and Yining are the main cities with other smaller oasis towns dot the piedmont areas. The region passed to the Chinese only in the mid-18th century.

==Page 773==

'''Lake Zaisan''' 
Lake Zaisan, in Russian Central Asia near the Chinese border, is located in an open valley between the Altai range on the northeast and the Tarbagatai on the south at an altitude of 1,355 ft.

'''The Irtysh . . . the Ob''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irtysh_River The Irtysh] is the chief tributary of the Ob which is a major river in western Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob_river The Ob] is Russia's fourth longest river. The Ob-Irtysh form a major basin in Asia, encompassing most of western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.

'''Novosibirsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk Novosibirsk] lies along the Ob river in the West Siberian Plain. It is Russia's 3rd largest city, after Moscow and St.Petersburg. It was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the Ob. In early 20th century the Turkestan-Siberia Railway, connecting Novosibirsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea, was completed.

'''The Paris of Siberia''' 
By 1900 Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 763: Irkutsk]]) had been nicknamed as such.

'''''kupechestvo''''' 
Russian: the merchant community.

'''Glaskovsk''' 
A suburb in Irkutsk across the Irkut river.

==Page 774==

'''Club Golomyanka''' 
A golomyanka is a viviparous fish of the perch family, unique to Lake Baikal.

'''NAUSHNIKI''' 
As translated in the text.

'''1895 model Nagant revolver''' 
[http://world.guns.ru/handguns/hg102-e.htm Nagant revolver] was designed in Belgium by Nagant brothers in the late 1880s and was adopted by numerous countries. The major user and manufacturer was Russia which adopted it in 1895.

'''British gold sovereigns''' 
The world's most popular gold coins, [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/firstsovereign.html British gold sovereign] first came to existence in 1489 under Henry VII. There was a major change in 1816 for the so-called Modern Soverign which are continure to the present day. It has a value of one pound sterling (but with a much higher trading market value) and is made of 15.55 grams of standard gold coinage alloy of 23 carat, equal to 95.83% pure gold. (Another source [http://www.onlygold.com/Coins/BritishSovereignsFullScreen.asp British gold sovereigns2] said they have a 91.7% gold.)

==Page 775==

'''Tower Hill''' 
[http://www.royalmint.com/RoyalMint/web/site/Corporate/AboutUs/History/TowerHill.asp The Royal Mint at Tower Hill], London, between 1812-1968. Now the Royal mint is at Liantrisant (10 miles west of Cardiff), Wales.

'''Young Vic''' 
Image of young Queen Victoria on the British sovereign (1 pound) piece. The first portrait for Queen Victoria was the "Youg Head", which was used on sovereigns from 1838 to 1887 inclusive. For a picture for this coin see [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/heads.html Victoria Young Head]. 
Contrast with [http://www.rvhf.org/history.html Old Vic,] the theater, originally the Royal Coburg, renamed Royal Victoria in 1833—when Vic was Young. The name Old Vic "eventually" became customary and is now official. This is the house that Kevin Spacey runs.

'''Upper Tunguska, Stony Tunguska, Lower Tunguska''' 
They are the three eastern tributaries of the Yenisei River in Siberia. They cut across the swampy forests of east-central Siberia, draining the Tunguska Basin. Furthest north is the Lower Tunguska (1,590 mile long). The Stony Tunguska (980 mile long) rises west of the headwaters of the Lower Tunguska. The Upper Tunguska is the name given to the lower course of the Angara and it joins the Yenisei at Strelka. The area of the three rivers is the home of the Tungus. ([http://www.bartelby.com/65/tu/Tunguska.html Tunguska]).

'''the Ilimpiya''' 
Presumably the Ilimpeya River, a left-bank tributary of the Lower Tunguska, is named for them.

:It refers to the Tungus people from the Ilimpiya river.

'''the Shanyagir''' 
A clan of the Tungus people who lives along the Stony Tunguska.

'''Magyakan''' 
Shaman of the Ilimpiya clan, also spelled Magankan. His greatest feat was summoning a huge flock of ''agdi'', the birds made of iron that produce the thunder, for the explosion over the land of the Shanyagir clan. It flattened nearly a thousand square miles of forest and started a fire that burned for weeks, sending ash so high that it circled the Northern Hemisphere, making sunsets bright. See [http://www.answers.com/topic/shaman shaman].

'''''siberyaki''''' 
Standard spelling ''sibiryaki.'' Russian: Siberians.

'''Bratsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratsk Bratsk], located on the Angara River near the vast Bratsk Reservoir, is a city in Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russia.

'''Yeniseisk''' 
[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Yeniseisk,_Siberia_(Capital) Yeniseisk], on the right bank of the Yenisei, is a Siberian city 170 miles northwest of Krasnoyarsk, capital of the government of the same name.

'''embouchure''' 
French word denoting the conformation of the mouth (in speaking, playing the clarinet, etc.).

==Page 776==

'''Dorzhieff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agvan_Dorjiev Agvan Dorjiev] (1853/54–1938) was an ethnic Buriat who trained as a Buddhist monk in Tibet.He was one of the tutors of the 13th Dalai Lama and was his representative at the Russian court. He played a great role in the international political life, establishing various relations between Tibet and Russia. The British believed that Dorjiev had created the Shambala Russian myth. Ekai Kawaguchi, a Buddhist monk from Japan who visited Tibet at the turn of the 20th century, claimed to have heard of a pamphlet in which Dorjiev wrote “Shambhala was Russia. The Emperor, moreover, was an incarnation of Tsongkhapa, and would sooner or later subdue the whole world and found a gigantic Buddhist empire”. The religiously-based purpose of Agvan Dorjiev was the foundation of a Lamaist-oriented kingdom of the Tibetans and Mongols as a theocracy under the Dalai Lama ... [and] under the protection of Tsarist Russia ... In addition, among the Lamaists there existed the religiously grounded hope for help from a ‘Messianic Kingdom’ in the North ... called 'Northern Shambhala’. At the center of Dorjiev’s activities in Russia stood the construction of a three-dimensional mandala — the Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg. Regarding the décor, it is perhaps also of interest that there was a swastika motif which the Bolsheviks knocked out during the Second World War. Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg there was sufficient room for several lamas, who looked after the ritual life, to live on the grounds. Dorjiev had originally intended to triple the staffing and to construct not just a temple but also a whole monastery. This was prevented, however, by the intervention of the Russian Orthodox Church . Officially, the buddhist shrine was declared to be a place for the needs of the Buriat, Tuva, mongol ,and Kalmyk minorities in the capital. With regard to its occult functions it was a tantric mandala with which the Kalachakra system was to be transplanted into the West. From the lamas’ traditional point of view, founding a temple is seen as an act of spiritual occupation of a territory. Such sacred buildings as the Kalachakra temple in St. Petersburg are cosmograms which are employed by the lamas as magic seals in order to spiritually subjugate countries and peoples.

'''taiga''' 
Coniferous boreal forest; supports logging, trapping, hunting/gathering.

'''iron creatures of Agdy . . . their eyes flashing . . .''' 
"The Tungus have only one expression for the thunder - ''agdy''-, by which they also describe the old man, the lord of the thunder as well as all the thunderbirds that come down to earth and cause the thunder. The ''Agdy'' birds are as big as black grouses, are made of iron, and their eyes are fiery. The thunder arises from their flight above the earth and their eyes flash like lightning." (from a quotation in [http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/evenkiv.html Tungus eye-witnesses reports of Tunguska Event]).

'''Hindu fire-god Agni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agni Fire-god Agni] is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word ''Agni'' is Sanskrit for "fire". Agni is a messenger from and to the other gods. He is ever-young and immortal, because the fire is re-lit every day.

'''Ogdai Khan''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_765|page 765: Ogdai]].

==Page 777==

'''The Church of England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England The Church of England] is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the "mother" and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.

'''Shamanism''' 
Decentralized religion. The village shaman engaged in spirit travel and communicated with animals, ancestors, etc., for the benefit of the people, often using bizarrely excessive amounts of drugs.

'''The Cherokee''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee The Cherokee] are a people indigenous to North American, who at the time of European contact in the 16th century inhabited what is now the Eastern and Southeastern United States. Most were forcibly moved westward to the Ozark Plateua. They were one of the tribes referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes.

'''the Apache''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache The Apache] is the collective name for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the US. They formerly lived over eastern Arizona, north-western Mexico, New Mexico, parts of Texas.

'''the massacre of the Sioux Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee''' 
They were the largest and most important Indian tribe north of Mexico, with the exception of Chippewa, who, however, lack the solidarity of the Sioux. [http://www.indians.org/articles/sioux-indians.html The Sioux] actually came to North America from Asia about 30,000 years ago. The name Sioux means "little snake". They were generally nomadic, typically followed the pattern of the buffalo. [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/sioux-indians/sioux-indians.htm The Sioux Indians] occupied the vast domain extending from the Arkansas River, in the south, to the western tributary of Lake Winnipeg, in the north, and westward to the eastern slopes of the Rocky. The Sioux battled the white men and fought against the government in orer to keep their land. There was a general uprising in 1862. Later there were many more fierce armed conflicts involved the Sioux. One of the better known was ''The Battle of Little Big Horn'' on June 25, 1876, in which General Custer and all of his immediate command were killed. This was one of the most significant victories, led by [http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/bigfoor.htm Sitting Bull] (1831-1890), of the Indian Nations. 
A new Indian's religion that promised to rid the land of white people and restore the Indians' way of life evolved in 1880s-1890s as a reaction to the Indians being forced to submit to government authority and reservation life. The new religion was called [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost.html the Ghost Dance] by the white because of its ceremonial ritual dance and its precepts of resurrection and reunion with the dead. The Sioux were the most enthusiastic believers. But the Bureau of Indian Affairs banned the Ghost Dance feared that the swelling numbers of Ghost Dancers and believed that the ritual was a precusor to renwered Indian militancy and violent rebellion. The confrontation led to [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKmscr.html The Wounded Knee Massacre] on December 29, 1890 in which over 350 Ghost Dancers were slained. And this was the last major armed conflict between the Indian Nations and the US Government.

==Page 779==

'''A heavenwide blast of light''' 
It refers to the greatest cosmic impact of the century, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event the Tunguska Event], happened at 7:17 A.M. on June 30, 1908 near the Stony Tunguska River at Tunguska basin in central Siberia, Russia. With no warning, a small comet or meteor about 100 ft in diameter, coming from the direction of Western China and glowing with the heat of 5,000 degrees, hurtling through space about 3-6 miles above the Earth and exploded in the sky 40 miles north of Vanavara settlement by the Stony Tunguska. It was so powerful that the seismograph at Irkutsk, some 550 miles away, registered what looked like an earthquake. The impact had a force of 20 million tons of TNT, equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima bombs. It is estimated that 60-80 million trees were felled over an area of 830 square miless but left no obvious crater. If the explosion had occurred over St Petersburg hundreds of thousands of people would have been killed. But the Event occurred at such a remote and isolated location that no scientist bothered to investigate the "rumors" of the event for 13 years. (See also [http://www.unmuseum.org/siberia.htm Tunguska Event from UnMuseum].)
:Check your TV schedule for a History Channel special, ''Siberian Apocalypse,'' which presents old movie footage of Soviet explorations (my guess: re-enacted in the 1930s) and analyses by present-day scientists and UFOlogists, along with the usual Slo-Mo Channel animations repeated ad nauseam. The program ran on March 18, 2007. The best current information, according to a team from the University of Bologna, points to a stony asteroid (a "carbonaceous chondrite") that disintegrated some miles above the surface, leaving no fragments to be found but loading the local vegetation with elements not typical of the taiga.
:Two of the stranger hypotheses about the Event have special ''AtD'' connections. (1) The cosmic object was a chunk of antimatter, and the energy it released was due to annihilation when it came into contact with terrestrial matter (air). This would make the object, in a sense, [[ATD_57-80#Page_78|the Anti-Stone (p. 78).]] (2) The Event was the explosion produced by dissipation of a huge [[ATD_57-80#Page_73|ball lightning (p. 73).]] Both these notions are pretty remote, though, and the stony asteroid holds up better.

'''poods''' 
Russian measure of weight. One pood = 16.38 kilograms; 30 poods = 491 kg = 1081 pounds, pretty close to half a ton.

'''''ekipazh''''' 
Russian: crew, team.

'''''Právil'no''''' 
Russian: all ''right!''

'''Russian design philosophy''' 
. . . which is perpetuated in Soviet and Russian space technology.

'''Razvedka''' 
Russian: intelligence (in the military-political sense).

'''pogroms''' 
Terror campaigns, usually against Jews.

==Page 780==

'''Ofitser Nauchny''' 
Russian: science officer.

'''this Event''' 
The Tunguska Event. Cf 779: A heavenside blast of light.

'''''umnik''''' 
Russian: clever man.

'''General Sukhomlinoff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Sukhomlinov Vladimir Alexandrovich Sukhomlinoff] (1848-1926), Russian cavalry officer, Chief of General Staff 1908-9, Minister of War 1909-15, imprisoned 1917-18 for failure to prepare the Russian Army for World War, emigrated to Finland and then to Germany.

'''''Zi!''''' 
Might be an error. "Wait" in the imperative mode is ''zhdi'' or ''podozhdi'' in Russian.

'''butterfly . . . angel''' 
The description of the damage pattern is accurate; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event.]

==Page 781==

'''''zastolye''''' 
Russian: group of regulars.

'''''Khuy''''' 
Impolite Russian: cock!

'''Bezumyoff''' 
The name derives from Russian ''bezumets'': madman.

'''''vseznaǐka''''' 
Russian: as translated in text. In keeping with the sources he must have used—many of them contemporary—Pynchon applies a bewildering assortment of rules in transliterating Russian words.

'''"potentially a hole in the earth"''' 
One of the theories regarding the real Tungaska Event is that a small black hole entered the earth. Flaw in theory: an exit has never been found. See Wikipedia ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''. . . ''at any moment'', directly beneath St Petersburg . . .''' 
"According to the Guinness Book of World Records (1966 edition), if the collision had occurred 4 hours 47 minutes later, it would have wiped out St. Petersburg, the starting point of the Bolshevik revolution." See (Wikipedia article, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''Tsarskoe Selo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarskoe_Selo Tsarskoe Selo], ''Tsar's Village'', was the "country" home of the Russian Tsars. It is now part of the town of Pushkin about 15 miles south from the center of St.Petersburg.

==Page 782==

'''...to reaffrm allegiance to its limits, including mortality...''' 
That is, to reaffirm the allegiance of the inhabitants of this world to the "something's" limits, remind Man of mortality and transcendent laws and limits.

'''''Nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing.

'''Vanavara''' 
[http://www.evenkya.ru/eng/?id=obsh&sid=admterdel&ssid=41 Vanavara] is the adminstrative center, a settlement with a population of 3,000, of Tungusko-Chunsky region. It is situated on the right bank of the Stony Tunguska river. Vanavara was 40 miles south of the Tunguska Event blast center.

'''Transfinitum''' 
Cantor's mathematical concept of transfinite numbers, indefinitely large but distinct from one another.

==Page 783==

'''''dungur''''' 
A ''dungur'' is a shamanic drum.

'''homeopathic echoes to protect from its return''' 
The homeopathic principle is that small doses of what kills will cure or prevent; drumming prevents return of the huge sound.

==Page 784==

'''Raskol'niki''' 
Russian: schismatics, dissenters. Raskol'nikov in ''Crime and Punishment'' derives his name from this word.

'''Tchernobyl . . . Wormwood''' 
Now rendered more commonly as Chernobyl (Russian), Chornobyl (Ukrainian). 
Wormwood, a star that falls onto the Earth poisoning the fresh water sources per Book of Revelation 8:10-11. 
Dostoyevsky explores Tchenobyl/Wormwood, the meaning of the Book of Revelation in ''[[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day|The Idiot]].''

'''Reindeer discovered again their ancient powers of flight, which had lapsed over the centuries since humans had invaded the North. Some were stimulated by the accompanying radiation into an epidermal luminescence at the red end of the spectrum, particularly around the nasal area.''' 
In other words, Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer and his airborne squadron mates. Seriously: magic and the possibility of change is reintroduced into the world.

'''heat . . . tended to flow unpredictably''' 
The Laws of Thermodynamics have taken a brief holiday.

'''Old Slavonic''' 
Or Old Church Slavonic; liturgical language of Russian Orthodox Church, closely related to Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Serbian (Tesla's father was a Serbian priest who worked in this language).

'''Aspects of the landscape of Tierra del Fuego . . . sea ernes''' 
Not exactly. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-tailed_Eagle White-tailed Eagle] (''Haliaeetus albicilla''), also known as the Erne or the Sea Eagle, is actually a bird of Eurasia.

==Page 785==

'''''izba''''' 
Russian: hut.

'''Ssagan''' 
In Burkhanism, a Russian religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region between 1904 and the 1930s, Ak-Burkhan ("White Burkhan) is a deity who is depicted as an old man with white hair, a white coat, and white headgear, who rides a white horse, and is possibly analogous to the Mongolian "white old man," Tsagan Ebugen. The Buryat language (or Buriat) is a Mongolic language spoken by the Buryats of Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism]

Sacred white reindeer parallels Native American's reverence for white buffalos.

==Page 786==

'''the Sayan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayan_Mountains The Sayan] is a mountain range in southern Siberia. The eastern Sauan extends 600 miles from the Yenisei to the southwest end of Lake Baikal, and the western Sayan forms the eastern continuation of the Altay Mountains.

'''Tannu-Ola''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannu-Ola_Mountains The Tannu-Ola] mountain range is in southern Siberia extending east-west direction and curves along the Mongolian border.

'''Tuva''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuva Tuva] is located in extreme southern Siberia bordering with Mongolia. Its eastern part is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland.

'''if a fellow was going to come riding in anywhere on a white reindeer''' 
Suggestive of Jesus riding an ass into Jerusalem

'''an unearthly guttural singing''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtone_singing Overtone singing], also known as throat singing, overtone chanting, or harmonic singing, is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances created as air travels from the lungs... The best-known of the traditional forms comes from Tuva... Ethnomusicologists studying throat singing in these areas mark (it) as an integral part in the ancient pastoral animism that is still practised today. (Wikipedia) 
It is unearthly and fascinating. Tuvan throat singing can be seen and heard in the movie "Genghis Blues," a documentary about American musician Paul Pena's trip to Tuva to compete in a throat singing contest.
:In the early 1970s the German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen got some students together and made a one-piece album called ''Stimmung'' (German: tuning up). It's '''choral''' overtone singing. "Unearthly" is right.

'''"borbanngadyr"''' 
The Wikipedia entry linked in the previous annotation mentions, but doesn't describe, a style of overtone singing called ''borbangnadyr.'' Same letters arranged differently. It doesn't follow that there is a typo; transliteration from languages like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvan_language Tuvan] without "literary" histories is often controversial.

'''"the heart of Earth" 
'''"all's I see's a bunch of sheep" 
'''"Exactly." 
This is Shambhala. Sheep may safely graze.

==Page 787==

'''the Wheel of Life''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavacakra The Wheel of Life] is a complex symbolic representation of "continuous movement" in the form of a circle, used primarily in Tibetan Buddhism. "Continuous movement", ''samsāra'', is the continuous cycle of birth, life, and death from which one liberates oneself through enlightenment.

'''"Are you kind deities? or wrathful deities?"''' 
Here the interaction between Prance and the Chums of Chance resembles that between Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, and Dorothy Gale in the 1939 film [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 The Wizard of Oz.] After descending from the sky in a pink bubble and encountering Dorothy in Munchkinland, Glinda asks "Are you a good witch or a bad witch?" Dorothy replies that she's not a witch at all, just as Randolph St. Cosmo replies that the Chums "endeavor to be kind." Darby's reference to Bo Peep seems Munchkinlandian too, as Glinda is a sort of shepherd to the Munchkins themselves. --[[User:Jpicco|Jpicco]]

Also a reference to the Buddhist hierarchy of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrathful_deities enlightened beings].
A notable feature of Tibetan Buddhism is the emphasis on wrathful deities, often alternative manifestations of normally peaceful deities. They symbolize the dynamic activity of an enlightened being, brought forth to tame negative or unsettling impulses in the human mind. (Wikipedia)

'''"Bo Peep" 
she who has lost her sheep, as in the rhyme.

'''"Never work,", muttered Darby. "They'll squash you like bugs." 
Darby, now a lawyer, now cynical, presents the archetypal response to
Prance's visiting " deities" as in classic sci-fi books and movies.

'''the Tengyur''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_766|page 766: Tengyur]].

==Page 788==

'''band of''' '''''brodyagi''''' 
This entire passage is a reference to ''Don Quixote'', namely the incident with Gines de Pasamonte and the galley slaves. In ''Don Quixote'', Gines acts as a metafictional representation of Cervantes, as well as a symbol of the author/writer. Here, Topor acts as Gines, representing TRP (notice the name similarity). The hallucinogenic mushrooms represent the ''Quixote''--with a two part narrative, the first pleasant and wonderous, the second full of horrors--as well as AtD and novels, generally. The urine-drinking seems to be a crack at literary critics and literature fans who write about books and read what others write--essentially, drinking each other's urine: the after-products of the consumption of books. --[[User:Specklebelly|Specklebelly]]

'''''brodyagi''''' 
Russian: tramps.

'''"Topor"''' 
Russian: The Ax.

'''fusel oils''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_756|page 756: fusel oils]]. 
Toxic byproducts of fermentation, sometimes still present in bad liquor.

'''strange mottled red mushrooms''' 
''Amanita muscaria'', an hallucinogenic mushroom. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_muscaria Wikipedia entry].

'''drank one another's urine''' 
Shamanistic practice also observed in some "mystery" religions. The person who ingests the drug (e.g., toxic mushroom) partly metabolizes it and excretes it; followers can get a, hrmm, watered-down dose by drinking his urine. Source: [http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/abcde/allegro_john.html ''The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross''] by John M. Allegro (1970).

==Page 789==

'''''brodyagi''''' 
See page 788.

'''Christian propaganda mill down south''' 
A college?

'''Pacific Coast League''' 
Minor league (Triple-A) baseball league that at the time was the only professional baseball league west of St. Louis. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League Wikipedia entry].

Perhaps Colfax Vibe has become Sandy Koufax, pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1960's.

'''barmaid from Oakland''' 
Oakland has a Pacific Coast Brewing Company with some very sweet barmaids.

==Page 790==

'''the wilderness Creature that feeds on all other creatures . . .''' 
Described by Captain Padzhitnoff on p.124

'''Krasnoyarsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk], the third largest city in Siberia, is on the Yenisei River upstream of Yeniseisk. It is an important junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway.

'''arival''' 
Misspelling of ''arrival.''

'''remittance man''' 
A man living on remittances, i.e. family funds from home, a trust fund, etc. It is also time to note that a Fleetwood is a model of Cadillac.

==Page 791==

'''the Vormance people''' 
The Vormance polar expedition was mentioned on page 130 and elsewhere.

'''taken by the wind''' Included in refrain/hook from popular Fleetwood Mac [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac]song "Rhiannon"[http://www.lyricsfreak.com/f/fleetwood+mac/rhiannon_20054400.html]Perhaps an alternative to the Fleetwood/Cadillac reference.
[[User:Wagyu|Wagyu]] 15:52, 1 July 2007 (PDT)

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 171-198

2007-07-13T16:03:57Z

Phidre: /* Page 178 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 171==

[[image:kenosha-kid.jpg|thumb|125px|"The Kenosha Kid" by Forbes Parkhill (Aug 1931) 
[http://themodernword.com/pynchon/Pynchon_kenosha_kid.html Full text and images at The Modern Word]|right]]'''Kieselguhr Kid''' 
Dynamite, a blasting explosive, was invented in 1867 by Alfred P. Nobel by mixing nitroglycerin with kieselguhr.

The name also recalls the Kenosha Kid sequence of ''Gravity's Rainbow'', which may have taken its name from a 1931 pulp fiction story by Forbes Parkhill, a two-fisted wild west adventure.

'''...detective agencies like Pinkerton‘s and Thiel‘s''' 
see Wikipedia Entries [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinkerton_Detective_Agency 1],[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiel_Detective_Service_Company 2]

'''they could look at the unsolved cases the way a banker might at instruments of debt''' 
And bankers call those instruments ''negotiable paper.''

'''reaction of 1849''' 
Acts of European governments to suppress the widespread liberal revolutions of 1848. The reaction impelled many people to emigrate to the U.S.

'''Sangre de Cristos''' 
southernmost subrange of the Rocky Mountains. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre_De_Cristo_Mountains Wikipedia Entry]

Robert Oppenheimer had a ranch in the Sangre de Cristos and loved to ride horseback through the area since he was 18. When the Manhattan Project sought a location to set up shop, Oppenheimer saw Los Alamos as a way to combine his two great loves (physics and NM) with the military's need of a secure and isolated place for the bomb's development.

==Page 172==

'''The Kid's family had supposedly come . . . whenever the Kid's in the county''' 
''The Legend of the Kieselguhr Kid,'' with parallels to the Legends of Zorro, the Lone Ranger and many others.

'''Couple dozen, in big bandoliers across his chest''' 
Similar to the way suicide bombers in the Middle East wear their munitions?

'''Uncompahgre''' 
The Uncompahgre Plateau in Colorado.

'''Butch Cassidy''' 
infamous outlaw [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butch_Cassidy Wikipedia Entry]

'''Dr. Lombroso''' 
Born in Verona, Italy, Dr. Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909), using concepts drawn from Physiognomy, early Eugenics, Psychiatry and Social Darwinism, devised the theory that criminality was inherited, and that the born criminal could be identified by physical defects, which confirmed a criminal as savage, or atavistic; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Lombroso Wikipedia entry]

'''Lodazal''' 
spanish for bog, quagmire (?)

==Page 173==

'''"evil-doers"''' 
This immediately brings to mind the post 9/11 George W. Bush use of the term, once again relating the time of AtD, with its "unrestrained corporate greed, false religiosity, moronic fecklessness, and evil intent in high places" with current day America - unless, of course, "No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred." [[User:Thew|Thew]] 18:49, 30 May 2007 (PDT)

'''"got us a man of principle"''' 
Eerily reminiscent of Theodore Kaczynski, aka the Unabomber, the convicted American murderer known for his campaign of mail bombings, many of which were addressed to specific victims, intended by Kaczynski to draw attention to what he percieved as the ills of technology on modern society. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unabomber Wikipedia entry].

There a several tenuous threads of connection between Pynchon and the Unabomber. Pynchon has written works exploring the dangers of modern technology and, more specifically, ludditism. [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html] [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/paper_gibbs.html] As a young man, Pynchon co-wrote such a play, ''Minstral Island'', with his Cornell classmate Kirkpatrick Sale, who later would become one of the world's most prominent and outspoken luddites. Sale later said, "The Unabomber and I share a great many views about the pernicious effect of the Industrial Revolution, the evils of modern technologies, the stifling effect of mass society, the vast extent of suffering in a machine-dominated world and the inevitability of social and environmental catastrophe if the industrial system goes unchecked," although naturally Sale condemned the Unabomber's method. When the Unabomber's identity was still unknown, Pynchon was suggested (with who knows what degree of seriousness, and by whom) as a possible suspect. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon#1990s_and_2000s]

'''"jizzmatic juices backin' up, putting pressure on the brain" 
'Jizzmatic juices' seems to be a Pynchon-created slang phrase for semen, adapted from the dictionary-found slang word for semen, "jism". Pynchon has "a lady acquaintence" of Mr. Ponghill as responsible for the "naive theory" [Lew Basnight], commonly-enough held, that lack of sex "lack of exposure to the fair sex", previous paragraph can affect the brain and therefore one's judgment.

:Yes yes. this "lack of exposure to the fair sex" can cause [[ATD 171-198#Page 183|Beaver on the Brain]]

:Actually you can find the term "jizz" at the [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=jizz Urban Dictionary] - [[User:Ctsats|Ctsats]] 12:49 GMT+2, 26 January 2007

'''"Don't mean he ain't got a right to his privacy."''' 
Continues the Unabomber/Pynchon connection. Pynchon follows the description of a dynamite bomber with the right to privacy, something that Pynchon has guarded closely for his entire life. For more on Pynchon and privacy, see [[ATD_26-56#Page_37|page 37]].

==Page 174==

'''back to the campfires of his youth, only then it was God didn't have a name''' 
"What is God's name?" or "What is God's first name?" was a topic that reliably led adolescent boys to yatter pointlessly on for hours when their adult leaders wanted to be left alone in camp.

'''"your own brother"''' 
The Unabomber was turned in by his brother. ("Kaczynski" means 'ducky' or 'duckman'. Did TRP hide this somewhere?)

==Page 175==

'''every cabin . . . concealed stories that were anything but peaceful''' 
Compare Sherlock Holmes in "The Copper Beeches": "It is my belief, Watson, founded upon my experience, that the lowest and vilest alleys of London do not present a more dreadful record of sin than does the smiling and beautiful countryside."

'''"Only slowly would it occur to his ultra-keen detective's reasoning that these bombs could have been set by anybody, including those who would clearly benefit if "Anarchists", however loosely defined, could be blamed for it."''' 
Is this an(other) allusion to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_demolition_hypothesis_for_the_collapse_of_the_World_Trade_Center Controlled demolition hypothesis] for the collapse of the WTC? Cf. a similar reference in [[ATD_81-96#Page_85|page 85]] and the discussion therein.

Pynchon seems to be a smart enough guy to not believe such ridiculous theories. It's all too easy to read into these true historical events (the short-lived period of anarchist bombings of the late 19th and early 20 centuries) similitudes with more recent events, but the context in AtD is clear enough that this sort of speculation seems to be nothing more than speculation. Of course, that's the fodder for conspiracy theorists...--[[User:Kirkm|Kirkm]] 04:40, 21 February 2007 (PST)

I see a broader parallel between government manipulation of 19th century fear of "anarchists" and 20th century fears of "terrorists." As in the 2006 film "Children of Men," where the government is responsible for the "terrorist" bombings. --[[User:Cal|Cal]] 11:48, 14 June 2007 (PST)

The idea of controlled demolitions undertaken on the gov.'s behalf isn't a new one, and those who think the idea is too outlandish for the period have failed to "Remember the Maine!" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Maine_%28ACR-1%29]

Anyways, whether Pynchon believes the WTC "conspiracy theories" or not, it seems obvious that he is encouraging the reader to make the connection. If anyone knows that it's "all too easy to read into these true historical [or fictional] events... similitudes with more recent events" it's TRP. --[[User:Pomopaulrevere|Pomopaulrevere]]
:I disagree that TRP is "encouraging" us to make such a connex, and anyway, the Maine was either an accident or destroyed by a [Spanish] mine, so it isn't parallel. The yellow press went to work, even though the US gov't at that point was not sure it wanted war with Cuba. -- Owl of Minerva

It seems to me that when Ruggles writes statements like the quote above, or makes a reference to someone removing the rubble of a building to an out of country location, or a little later on when he has the Chums suspect their Subdesertine scherzo is really only a front for oil exploration, he does so with the full knowledge that his vigilantly paranoid (and generally anti-establishment) readers might suspect he is referring to present day events. This is the same man who wrote Proverbs for Paranoids after all. I guess it comes down to whether or not you think Pynchon had his tongue planted firmly in cheek when he wrote on Amazon that "No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred". You see where I stand. --[[User:Pomopaulrevere|Pomopaulrevere]] 

:Sorry, Pomopaul, my comment sounded rather snooty. I did NOT mean that trp wants no connex made, but rather that he is connecting past and present power politics based on disasters, especially human-caused disasters, rather than encouraging us to believe that our own gov't caused 9/11. In AtD, I see materialist power politics with not-thought-out and unintended consequences. The Austrian Emperor, for instance, is not trying to provoke war with Serbia in order to bring about the extinction of that Empire, but that is the unintended result. But you have given me pause, for you are certainly correct about Proverbs for Paranoids.... -- Owl

:A wrong premise seems to underlie some discussion in the wiki: the notion of a passage '''''referring to''''' something outside the book. The writing stands on its own feet; if it didn't, we all would have quit reading. But you don't go to the Velázquez show to learn what the Spanish princesses looked like. The artist proposes new terms that you can use to understand your world. A lot of us think we can use Pynchon's terms this way: magic, straight lines, Panic fear, born of light, the sacrifice of innocence. If that's so, then the best end of the wiki is to help users parse the terms. It misses the point to discuss what Pynchon ''thinks'' or ''intends'' or to make this book be about the 21st century.

:Well, maybe we need to continue this discussion on a Talk page. "Referring" to something outside the book has different meanings,of course, and certain literalnesses of referring many of us might find....narrow......or plain wrong but I would argue that TRP would agree with Melville on the NECESSITY of works to 'tie in' to the real world. [citation needed]. I think one of the best things about the wiki is that is allows that to be shown--and shown deeply and thematically---against the blindness of some readers and even 'critics' and reviewers who say Pynchon's works are so 'postmodern' they are only about themselves. I think the above poster might not differ with this assessment, but I wanted to stress it. [[User:MKOHUT|MKOHUT]] 08:40, 22 June 2007 (PDT)

==Page 176==

'''revealing the Plutonic powers as they daily sent their legions of gnomes underground''' 
Here we may have a key to understanding the war in the Earth's Interior—in which Chthonica, Princess of Plutonia, saw her castle besieged by the Legion of Gnomes—when the Chums of Chance seem to have joined the Plutonic cause; [[ATD_97-118#Page_117|see text and annotations, p. 117.]]

'''"the Powers, who always had more dwarves waiting, even eagerly, to be sent below."''' 
A Tolkien-inspired imagery? Dwarfs figure prominently into Norse mythology and fantasy works before Tolkien, but Tolkien supposedly began the use of the spelling, "dwarves," employed here. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf Wikipedia entry on Dwarf] 
:I would hope it's an allusion to Wagner's Ring rather than to Tolkien. On pp. 127-28, Iceland Spar, there is discussion of the far north and Nordic travels there. Beyond the Ginnungagap lay Niflheim or in German Niebelheim, meaning Foggy Home, and in Wagner it lay under the earth, with bent-over workers, perhaps dwarves, forced to mine gold and other minerals. This makes the comment above, about the earth's interior and Chthonica, fit even better.

'''Tortoni's on Arapahoe''' 
Italian restaurant located in the 1500 block of Arapahoe Street in downtown Denver. [http://www.rootsweb.com/~codenver/miracle/104.htm Photo]

'''Gahan's saloon across the street from City Hall''' 
Saloon operated by William Gahan, a Denver City Councilman, and his brothers conveniently located at 1401 Larimer Street in Denver, across the street from City Hall. Gahan operated two other saloons, including one at 1133 Larimer Street, which he supposedly kept open on Sundays, harbored gambling, and sponsored a boys' baseball team that played for beer.

'''Ed Chase, the boss of the red-light district''' 
Edward "Big Ed" Chase (1838-1921) was a New Yorker from Saratoga Springs who became the leader of criminal activities in Denver from 1860 on, and as such was an influential and respected man. He ran saloons, gambling houses, bordellos, and theaters (specializing in "burlesque"), and served on the Denver City Council from 1866-1869. After that, he was a behind-the-scenes ward boss and power broker for the Republican party, which dominated Denver politics at the time. Nearly every 19th century election in Denver was clouded by charges that Chase had organized an army of voters out of riffraff, vagrants, prostitutes, barflies and gamblers. By the time of his death in 1921, Chase had come to be regarded as a respected real estate investor and capitalist. For more info, consult ''The City & The Saloon: Denver 1858-1918'' by Thomas J. Noel.

'''"another little Haymarket"''' 
On May 4th 1886 a workers' protest meeting was held at the West Randolph Street Haymarket in Chicago. A bomb was thrown at the police, the police opened fire and many officers and protesters were killed ([http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/571.html chicagohistory.org])

==Page 177==

'''The Row''' 
Denver‘s red light district developed along McGaa Street (subsequently renamed Holladay and then Market Street) [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3951/is_200010/ai_n8908963 1] [http://www.womenof.com/Articles/d011899.asp 2]

==Page 178==

'''W.F.M.''' 
Western Federation of Miners [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Federation_of_Miners Wikipedia Entry]

'''Tansy Wagwheel''' 
Other ''AtD'' women named for herbs and ornamentals include Stray's friend [[ATD_199-218#Page_203|Sage in Nochecita,]] [[ATD_243-272#Page_263|Lake's colleague Oleander Prudge,]] [[ATD_149-170#Page_160|Cousin Dittany Vibe,]] [[ATD_336-357#Page_345|Verbena at Smokefoot's,]] and of course [[ATD_26-56#Page_28|Dahlia Rideout.]]

'''Ku Klux Klan''' 
The Klan itself was not in its heyday at the time this episode took place, and not only is it unlikely that the Klan would have shown itself at the time, but also that it would have been this far west. The "modern" Klan was only reformed in 1915. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan Wikipedia]. IN the 1920s, Colorado would become a stronghold of the "modern" Klan.

'''heeled''' 
Carrying a sidearm. (The word also means "having money," but here the first meaning is pretty clear.)

==Page 179==

'''Buck Wells''' 
An elite American who was on the board of the Telluride Mining Association, head of a mining company and was aggressively anti-union even to the point of false murder charges. Bulkeley Wells http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkeley_Wells

'''Clovis Yutts''' 
"Yutz" is a slang word (from Yiddish) for a clueless goof.

'''different tempos and keys''' 
Cf 'anarchist miracle' in "Lot 49" (chapter 5).

In the early 1970s San Francisco was the site of the Black Flag Concerts, where anybody was allowed to make any music. People who attended said it was disorienting to wander through the crowd listening to folk singers, kazoo bands and Celtic harpists all belting away. (The Black Flag is a traditional emblem of anarchism.)

Also perhaps a reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ives Charles Ives], who wrote much music containing combatting sections in different keys, tempi and melody. The quintessential image of Ives' music is that of four marching bands playing different tunes arriving at the same village square. Ives attended Yale, though graduated in 1898, two years prior to the scene beginning on page 156.

Or perhaps just an image of musical anarchy to match the political Anarchism.

==Page 180==

'''Valley Tan''' 
Mormon whiskey reported by Mark Twain. [http://historytogo.utah.gov/salt_lake_tribune/in_another_time/091795.html cite]

As Twain himself suggests, Valley Tan was not so much a whiskey as a “first cousin to it.” It was a brand of patent medicines that were produced in Salt Lake City at the Valley Tan Remedies (V.T.R.) Laboratory beginning in 1884. A brief profile of the company can be found at this [http://www.fohbc.com/PDF_Files/ValleyTanRemedies_Sanders.pdf website.]

==Page 181==

'''it'll be run Anarchist run for you, Brother Basnight''' 
Echoes Chick on p. 8: "legal ain't got nothing to do with it—it's run, Yankee, run, and Katie bar the door."

==Page 182==

'''faded into the mobility''' 
"Mobility" also appears in ''Mason & Dixon.'' The word was later shortened to "mob."

'''"kept wasting Agency money rattling off one telegram after another."''' 
Cf. the following excerpt from a letter by novelist Raymond Chandler to Jamie Hamilton, 21 March 1949:
:"I remember several years ago when Howard Hawks was making ''The Big Sleep'', the movie, he and Bogart got into an argument as to whether one of the characters was murdered or commited suicide. They sent me a wire (there's a joke about this too) asking me, and dammit I didn't know either. Of course I got hooted at. The joke was in connection with Jack Warner, the head of Warner Bros. Believe it or not, he saw the wire, the wire cost the studio 70 cents, and he called Hawks up and asked him whether it was really necessary to send a telegram about a point like that. That's one way to run a business." (''The Raymond Chandler Papers'', ed. by Tom Hiney and Frank McShane, Penguin 2001, p. 105)

'''P.E.T.N.''' 
The explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate. Ingredient of Semtex, discovered 1891. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PETN Wikipedia]

'''Dr. Oyswharf''' 
There is, in Norfolk, Virginia, a district (?) called "Oyster Wharf"; there is, in London, a development called "Oyster Wharf" not sure if it's significant or points anywhere, but it appears that this fellow's name is a contraction of those two words. More generically, an "oyster wharf" is any wharf where the oystermen come in and offload their catch. Back in the day, they would give oysters away for free. Oyster shells are a natural source of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3).

Bear in mind that the Chums' Upper Hierarchy communicated orders to the Chums via a pearl. Miles Blundell "well before sunup, had visited the shellfish market in the teeming narrow lanes of the old town in Surabaya, East Java" and procured a bucket of "Special Japanese Oysters" ([[ATD 97-118#Page 113|p. 113]]). The pearl was inserted into a device which rendered a "photographic image." This connects with the red crystal used in Merle's and Roswell's device ([[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1037|p. 1037]]).

Also bear in mind the sexual implications of the oyster, both its use as slang for the vagina (because its shape is evocative of the vagina, and some say its smell, as well) as well as its reputation as a aphrodisiac. This plays into [[The_Sexual_Angle|the sexual pattern]] that runs through ''Against the Day''. A few tidbits:

:Oysters were documented as a aphrodisiac food by the Romans in the second century A.D as mentioned in a satire by Juvenal. He described the wanton ways of women after ingesting wine and eating "giant oysters". An additional hypotheses is that the oyster resembles the "female" genitals. In reality oysters are a very nutritious and high in protein. [http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/aphrodis_foods.htm]

:Oysters have always been linked with love. When Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, sprang forth from the sea on an oyster shell and promptly gave birth to Eros, the word "aphrodisiac" was born. The dashing lover Casanova also used to start a meal eating 12 dozen oysters. [http://www.globalgourmet.com/food/egg/egg0298/oysters.html]

Interesting that the oyster plays to the sexual connection, ''and'' the "artful sons of Nippon" using paramorphism to change aragonite, the "nacreous" (an adjective frequently used to describe semen) part of the pearl "to microscopic crystals of the doubly-refracting calcite known as Iceland spar" ([[ATD 97-118#Page 114|p. 114]]).

Also: "Oysvarf" in Yiddish means, literally, vomitus; An "oysvarf" translates roughly as "a little puke".
:Actually, my checking indicates that it's ''oysvurf'', not ''oysvarf'', which is Yiddish for an outcast or bad person.

Also might be a reference to Owsley Stanley,"'underground' LSD chemist, the first to produce large quantities of pure LSD" and "the primary LSD supplier to Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters". wiki:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owsley]

'''mixtures of nitro compounds and polymethylenes''' 
Nitro compounds include TNT, nitroglycerine and many other explosives. Polymethylenes are probably polymethylene waxes used as stabilizers or desensitizers.

'''experiencing the hotel dining room in a range of colors, not to mention cultural references, which had not been there when he came in''' 
Kinda like the way many of us are seeing ''AtD'' after prolonged exposure to the wiki. . . .

'''"The wallpaper in particular presented not a repeating pattern at all"''' 
Cf. Lucius Sheppard's 1985 short story ''The Fundamental Things'', where a lady starts translating her wallpaper pattern to Hebrew.

The connection between explosives and psychedelics is apparently not based in chemistry but it has appeared elsewhere in popular culture. The 1967 James Bond spoof ''Casino Royale'' has a scene where pillowcases are inflated with a psychedelic gas, a fuse is attached, and a powerful explosion is the result.

==Page 183==

[[image:beaver-on-the-brain.jpg|thumb|Beaver on the Brain T-Shirt|right]]'''Yes we're Beavers of the Brain... 
This little hallucinated ditty, sung by "a race of very small but perfectly visible inhabitants" of Lew Basnight's steak, is reminiscent of "We Represent the Lollipop Guild" sung by three tough-looking Munchkin boys in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 ''The Wizard of Oz''] (1939). "Beavers of the Brain" also brings to mind the phrase "Beaver on the brain" (describing a horny male or, perhaps, lesbian) which even adorns t-shirts (see right).

'''Keep that Bulldog in your pocket...''' 
A "Bulldog" is a small, "snubbie" revolver, with a very high power-to-weight ratio, perfect for carrying in the pocket as a concealed weapon. It also carries a somewhat sexual connotation.

'''Cyclomite''' 
A spelling error may lead to the idea that cyclomite is a name for the explosive RDX; that's cyclo'''n'''ite.

:I don't think this is a spelling error. Connects with dynomite. No way.

:Didn't make myself clear. If cyclomite is a Pynchon coinage, a Google search should give only Pynchon-linked hits. But I got a hit on an explosive—causing me to be short of breath till I realized it was just a misspelling for the correct term '''(in that context)''' "cyclonite," or RDX.

'''plasticerator''' 
Plasti-, moldable (in this case chewable); cera- related to Latin ''cera'' = wax, ''cerumen'' = earwax; -ator, an agent to modify a product. The word "plasticerator" does not seem to have caught on. It would not be a failed synonym for "plasticizer," an agent to make rigid plastics pliable.

==Page 184==

'''Kankakee''' 
city in Illinois.

'''Wall of Death''' 
Without risk of spoilage, [[ATD_460-488#Page_476|see annotation to p. 476.]]

'''things would happen gradually enough to afford time to do something about it''' 
A central idea in ''Gravity's Rainbow'', which features a rocket that breaks the sound barrier and thus the ability to kill you before you hear it coming.

'''the world turned all inside out''' 
This passage describes acid flashbacks.
:It's certainly written so as to suggest acid flashbacks but it's describing Lew's experience of being blown up

'''the carnival theory''' 
On page 90 Kit Traverse had "seen a dynamited carny jump up out of the blast good as new."

==Page 185==

'''Trilby hat''' 
Derived from George du Maurier's 1894 novel [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilby Trilby]. The novel was adapted into a long-running play starring Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree as Svengali. A hat of this style was worn on stage during the play's first London production.

'''excursion''' 
Wilde's US lecture tour was in 1882.

==Page 186==

'''Anasazi''' 
Ancient Pueblo Peoples, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anasazi "Anasazi"]

'''"Like a Red Indian Stonehenge!" - "Only different!"''' 
Cf. " 'Thanatoid' means 'like death, only different.' " (''Vineland'', p. 170). See also [[ATD_119-148#Page_133| page 133]].

[[image:hangedman.jpg|thumb|150px|right|The Hanged Man by Colman-Smith]]
'''''grifa''''' 
Marijuana. [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Grifa cite]

'''Miss Colman-Smith is West Indian [tarot cards]''' 
Pamela Colman Smith (1878—1951) was an artist, illustrator, and writer. She is best known for designing the Rider-Waite-Smith deck of tarot cards for Arthur Edward Waite. Smith was born in England, the daughter of an American merchant from Brooklyn, Charles Edward Smith and his Jamaican wife Corinne Colman. Due to her father’s job with the West India Improvement Company, the family often moved, spending time in London, Kingston, Jamaica and Brooklyn, New York. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela_Colman_Smith Wikipedia entry]

Pynchon's interest in the tarot is evident in ''Gravity's Rainbow''. Two tarot cards are referred to here -- the Hanged Man ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rider-Waite image]) and the Knight of Swords ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_arcana#Swords image]). The reference is an anachronism, as the deck wasn't published until 1909.

'''''espadas . . . copas''''' 
Spanish: Swords, Cups. The Tarot suits corresponding to spades and clubs.

'''Querent''' 
Latin: one who asks. The subject of a Tarot reading (in some settings, the mark).

'''Perseid''' 
"The shower is visible from mid-July each year, but the bulk of its activity falls between August 8 and 14 with a peak on August 12. During the peak, rates of a hundred or more meteors per hour can be registered." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseid Wikipedia]

==Page 187==

'''hell of a blow-up . . . . maiden's sigh''' 
Possible allusion to the testing of Trinity Bomb, the first explosion of an atomic weapon, which took place at White Sands, New Mexico on July 16, 1945. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_test Wikipedia].

See the text on the "anti-Stone," pp. 78-79, [[ATD_57-80#Page_78|and annotations.]]

'''A second Moon''' 
[[ATD_119-148#Page_144|On page 144,]] ''Inconvenience'' is described as a "misplaced moon."

'''Galveston''' 
In the summer of 1900 Galveston was a major seaport; many of its cotton warehouses still stand. In the 19th century it was a port of entry for immigrants from Germany, Bohemia, the Balkans and elsewhere. The 1900 hurricane was the making of Houston, a few dozen miles up slow-flowing Buffalo Bayou—which was turned into the Ship Channel within a few years.

==Page 188==

'''Galveston Hurricane''' 
An historical event (8th September 1900, 6000 dead).
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galveston_Hurricane_of_1900 [Wikipedia]]

'''wherever could you have been living, before that frightful bomb brought you to us?''' 
Perhaps an allusion to and rhetorical parallel of the "wake-up bomb" of the 9/11 attacks, and the relative increase of attention paid by the American media and public to such post-9/11 disasters as the slaughter of citizens in the Afghan and Iraq offensives, the destruction wrought by the South Asian tsunami, the displacement of the "hidden" poor of the Gulf States by Hurricane Katrina, the carnage of the earthquake in Iran, the rampant and still-raging genocides of Sudan, and so on.
:It has to work in ''AtD'' before it can be an allusion to something else! Here Neville seems to say Lew was ''not'' with him and Nigel until the explosion delivered "the New Lew" into "the world reconstituted" (p. 185), not that the N's simply found him in his torpor. "It didn't seem like Colorado anymore" (also p. 185). The explosion did more than knock Lew out; now he's living somewhere else. The reader is well-advised to trust Pynchon and let the text mean what it means before interpreting other histories into it.

'''neuræsthenic''' 
This is the second appearance of the word (the first was on page 83). Neurasthenia was a kind of catch-all at the time for what today would be called depression, fatigue, anxiety, etc.

==Page 189==

'''Fireman Jim Flynn''' 
The nickname undoubtedly comes from railroading, not firefighting.

==Page 190==

'''blue northers''' 
In the West, the Plains and down to Texas, a blue norther is a fast-moving weather front with lightning, rain and wind, followed by a rapid drop in temperature.

==Page 191==

==Page 192==

'''nearly twenty''' 
1883 + 19yo = 1902?

'''stamps beating''' 
Breaking ore into small pieces in preparation for refining.

==Page 193==

'''Uncompahgre''' 
A Plateau in Western Colorado, named after the Uncompahgre Ute Indian Tribe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncompahgre_%28disambiguation%29 [Wikipedia]]

'''Deuce Kindred''' 
A seaman deuce is an apprentice seaman. See V. 
Deuce=Two=Also?...Deuce=Two=Doubling? 
Philip K. Dick's full name is Philip Kindred Dick.

'''Deuce had been one of those Sickly Youths . . . Strenuosity''' 
[[ATD_149-170#Page_159|Theodore Roosevelt]] was the model for feeble boys growing into bold men. His "Strenuous Life" doctrine was uncomfortably close to the adult Deuce's ways.

'''absorbed . . . re-emission . . . fluorescence of vindictiveness''' 
In a fluorescent tube, invisible ultraviolet radiation from the electrical discharge is absorbed by "phosphors" on the inside of the glass. The UV excites the phosphor atoms, which then—instead of giving off ultraviolet of their own—re-emit the energy at a different wavelength, one that is visible.

'''workin fathoms''' 
Mining under a contract that paid by the volume of rock extracted. See [[ATD_296-317#Page_302|annotations to p. 302]] (but to avoid spoilers, don't look up or down).

'''not since the aught-one strike''' 
So 1901 is in the past.

'''three-dollar sack suit''' 
That is, a suit one might buy at a store where one fills a sack with clothes and then pays three dollars for the lot.
A sack suit is an ordinary 19th-c. business suit which "evolved into the modern three piece suit."
[http://www.lahacal.org/gentleman/sack.html source]

==Page 194==

'''the fish at that table''' 
The player whose money the others mean to take.

'''Dallas Divide''' 
Mountain Pass dividing the Uncompahgre Plateau from the San Juan Mountains. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas_Divide [Wikipedia]]

==Page 195==

'''Sloat Fresno''' 
Possibly named for Commodore John D. Sloat ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Sloat Wikipedia entry]), American naval officer who claimed California, then a territory of Mexico, as part of the United States on July 7, 1846. The text of the declaration can be found [http://www.dmwv.org/mexwar/documents/sloat.htm here]. Another source may be the Sloat Lumber Co. of Quincy, CA, which used an uncommon 30 gauge track, about which all I can find is [http://members.tripod.com/~Sloat_Lumber_Co/PROTOTYP.HTM here]. Fresno is presumably a reference to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno%2C_CA city in California], though its direct relation to either the Commodore or the Sloat Lumber Co. is unclear.

''Blood Meridian, or the Evening Redness in the West,'' by Cormac McCarthy, has a character named Sloat, but he's so minor that the only dialog he gets is when he denies being related to the commodore.

Sloat is another term for slat, a narrow piece of wood. Fresno is Spanish for ash.

'''copping the borax''' 
? Seemingly a term invented by Pynchon. No idea what it means, but borax is a mineral used in detergent, pottery, a lots of other things. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borax Wikipedia on Borax]

"Borax" is a slang word for cheap, poorly made products. Makers of borax for use in cleansing used to give away junky items as premiums. If you look at it the other way around, "borax" could mean a premium, hence an enlistment bonus. "Copping" of course is getting something by underhand means.

'''from Fort Bliss to the Coeur d'Alenes''' 
From Dan to Beersheba, so to speak. Fort Bliss is near El Paso, Texas. The Coeur d'Alène Mountains are in the panhandle of Idaho and the western end of Montana.

'''Montrose''' 
Montrose, CO. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose%2C_Colorado [Wikipedia]]

'''li'l buddy''' 
Brings to mind Gilligan and the Skipper from ''Gilligan's Island'': Sloat, like the Skipper, is twice his buddy's size; in both pairs, it is uncertain just who is whose sidekick; and the Skipper referred to Gilligan by, "li'l buddy."

==Page 196==

'''red liquor''' 
Colored liquor, such as bourbon or whiskey.

==Page 197==

'''Sloat tending to bodies, Deuce... the spirit''' 
Again, the body/soul dichotomy. See [[ATD_97-118#Page_101|page 101]] and [[The_World_is_at_Fault|The World is at Fault]] letter by Pynchon.

[[image:couplingpin.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Coupling pin]]'''coupling pin''' See photo.

==Page 198==

'''The Light Over the Ranges''' 
Repeats the title of Part One. May also suggest Tesla's 03 July 1899 'vision' ([[ATD_97-118#Page_97|page 97]]). May also be tied to the light/dark theme running through parts of the book thus far: light over the (dark) ranges. Note the concurrence of the leitmotives light-time-water in the sentence "He watched the light over the ranges slowly draining away". The image of "draining light" might also hint at the wave-particle duality.

'''Jeshimon''' 
Literally: "the waste", more specifically the wilderness of Judah in the Bible, near the Dead Sea. [http://www.christiananswers.net/dictionary/jeshimon.html christiananswers.net]. Fuller annotation at [[ATD_199-218#Page_209|page 209.]]

'''"Sir, please relocate your hand or I shall be obliged to do so myself"''' 
A fine flowery way of saying, "Move it or lose it, Sport."

'''Cortez''' 
In far southwestern Colorado near the Utah state line.

'''shadow had taken the immeasurable plain''' 
Contrasts "the light over the ranges". Possibly an allusion to Sodom and Gomorrah, the "cities of the plain" in Genesis 19, in which the angels advise Lot and his family: "do not look back and do not stop anywhere in the Plain. Flee to the hills or you will be swept away" (19:17). ''The cities of the plain'', is also the title of i) the translated fourth volume of Proust's ''A la recherche du temps perdu'' (original title ''Sodome et Gomorrhe'') and ii) Cormac McCarthy's third novel of ''The Border Trilogy''.

This is the third possible reference to Proust so far. See also [[ATD_149-170#Page_165|page 165]], and [[#Page_188|page 188]].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 429-459

2007-07-13T16:02:26Z

Phidre: /* Page 436 */ Hedin

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 431==

'''metaphorical way''' and '''lateral resurrection''' 
Cf. [[ATD_397-428#Pafe 418|page 418]], where ''metaphor'' and ''lateral'' are also used in quick succession.

'''"Turkish Corner"''' 
The ''coin turquois'' or Turkish corner was an interior decorating fad ([http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/197806/london.s.arab.hall.htm second half of 19th century]). Well-to-do householders had the English furniture removed from a space and put in low tables, divans, cushions, ceiling hangings, nargilehs and so forth.

'''Bactrian''' 
''Camel''. Even-toed ungulate, two-humped (twin-peaked) as compared with the one-humped dromedary.

'''Cameling''' 
Seems to mean riding on a camel, contextually.

'''light might be a ''secret determinant of history''''' 
One of the overarching themes of the book, it seems. Natural light
vs. artificial and what it means for us humans.

The [http://etext.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-38 ''Dictionary of the History of Ideas''] has a clear, readable essay on causation in history, well worth a look given that we are concerned with "determinants" and the nature of time/sequence/cause-and-effect.

==Page 432==

'''fatal word''' 
"Wife".

'''C.A.C.A.''' 
Caca; Spanish for "shit". The Chums have already begun to suspect the "shit", i.e. the malevolent organization that lies behind their boys' book heroics; the reader is now made aware of a large organization (see B.I.N., below) standing behind the massive airships and their crews. We all know what about the dynamics of large organizations, and the percentage of the time they spend in serving their purported purposes. Reminiscent of Van Vogt's Law: "90% of everything is shit (caca)".
:Not just Spanish; most western European languages. In German it's even pronounced the same as '''K-K''' (Kaiserlich und Königlich, see Max Khäutsch and Franz Ferdinand episodes).

'''Medicine Hat, Alberta''' 
A real city with a population about 56,000. It is located in the southeastern part of the province of Alberta, Canada.

'''Gamomania''' 
"Gamos" is Greek for "marriage," and mania means "mania" or "madness."

'''H.M.S.F.''' 
His Majesty's Subdesertine Frigate (p425).

'''Balaam's ass''' 
refers to Num. 22:21-34 - Balaam rides out with the princes of Moab, but the Lord sends an angel to prevent him. Balaam does not see the angel but his ass does and will not go further. Balaam smites the ass three times, to no avail, until "the Lord opened the mouth of the ass, and she said to Balaam: What have I done unto thee, that thou hast smitten me these three times?" Balaam's ass and the serpent (in the Garden of Eden) are the only speaking animals in the bible.

'''reported as long ago as Marco Polo''' 
From Marco Polo's ''The Travels of Marco Polo'' (1298-99):
:". . . When a man is riding by night through this desert and something happens to make him loiter and lose touch with his companions . . . and afterwards he wants to rejoin them, then he hears spirit talking in such a way that they seem to be his companions. Sometimes, indeed, they even hail him by name. Often these voices make him stray from the path, so that he never finds it again. And in this way many travelers have been lost and have perished. And ometimes in the night they are conscious of a noise like the clatter of a great cavalcade of riders away from the road; and, believing that these are some of their own company, they go where they hear the noise and, when day breaks, find they are victims of an illusion and in an awkward plight. . . Yes, and even by daylight men hear these spirit voices, and often you fancy you are listening to the strains of many instruments, especially drums, and the clash of arms. . . . ." 
:(page 67, ''The Travels of Marco Polo'', The Folio Society 1968 edition.) 
For Marco Polo's bio and more see Cf. [[ATD_243-272#Page 247|page 247]] and [http://www.silk-road.com/artl/marcopolo.shtml Marco Polo and His Travels].

==Page 433==

'''mutatis mutandis''' 
''Medieval Latin.'' A direct translation from Latin of mutatis mutandis would read, 'with those things having been changed which need to be changed'. More colloquially, it can be interpreted as 'the necessary changes having been made,' where "the necessary changes" are usually implied by a prior statement assumed to be understood by the reader. It carries the connotation that the reader should pay attention to the corresponding differences between the current statement and a previous one, although they are analogous. This term is used frequently in economics and in law, to parameterize a statement with a new term, or note the application of an implied, mutually understood set of changes. [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutatis_mutandis].

This suggests we should view communication from the camel with the same skepticism with which we view the voices, or possibly view this communication as we would that from Balaam's ass.

'''''polygamy''''' 
Cf. Lake's conversion to (de facto) polyandry in Colorado Springs, p. 268. In both cases aquifers are the scene of the activity.

'''pan-spectral fields''' 
Well, ''pan'' means universal. As in ''panorama'', ''Pan-Am''. Another suggestion of possible worlds.

'''World-Island''' 
The phrase was coined by English geographer and geo-politician [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halford_John_Mackinder Sir Halford John Mackinder] who formulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartland_%28geopolitics%29 Heartland Theory] (1904) in his address to the Royal Geographic Society, "The Geographical Pivot of History." "World-Island" refers '''not to the Earth''', but to the continuous landmass of Eurasia measuring more than 21 million square miles (54 million km²). This landmass contains no waterways to the ocean and is contained by the Arctic ice cap and drainage to the north, the monsoon lands along the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, the Near East or land of the Five Seas, and Europe. This landmass is remote and inaccessible to its periphery. Mackinder argued in his address that this was the strategic region of the foremost importance in the World. The Heartland theory hypothesized the possibility for a huge empire being brought into existence in the Heartland, which wouldn't need to use coastal or transoceanic transport to supply its military industrial complex but would instead use railways, and that this empire couldn't be defeated by all the rest of the world against it; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopolitics See also '''Geopolitics''' in Wikipedia]

'''"Euphrates" poplars''' 
One of the five classes of Poplars: ''turanga''. Its scientific name is ''populus euphratica'', a subtropical poplar found usually in Southwest Asia.

'''aryq''' 
Most likely variant of Arrack (OED): name applied in Eastern countries to any liquour of native manufacture, usually distilled coconut palm sap. - Or rather arak, the Middle Eastern equivalent of ouzo, Pernod, etc., which, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arak_%28distilled_beverage%29 according to Wikipedia,] should not be confused with southeast Asian arrack.

'''B.I.N.''' 
Biometric Institute of Neuropathy, see p. 432.

As in "Loony bin".

'''seventeen-syllable''' 
Haiku - japanese poems consisting of 17 syllables, classically arranged in three lines of 5 - 7 - 5 syllables each

Brilliant! 
''Still at it, Suckling?'' 
''Insufferable little'' 
''Prick, I'll break your neck!''

==Page 434==

'''Eta/Nu Transformators''' 
Probably an imaginary scientific device. Eta is most likely a reference to the metric tensor of (four dimensional) Minkowski space. Nu sometimes symbolizes frequency.
:Alternate view 
:In classical electromagnetism, Eta is the wave impedance and Nu is the velocity of the wave; both are related to the material parameters of the medium the wave is traveling in. Specifically, Eta determines how a wave moves between different media (reflection, refraction, and transmission), while the velocity is related to the frequency and wavelength of the wave. Thus, the device probably allows the ships inhabitants to see while in the sand.

'''pari passu''' 
on an equal footing

'''Deep Blavatsky''' 
Named for Madame Helena Blavatsky (Helena Petrovna Hahn), founder of the Theosophical Society [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blavatsky]. Cf. [[ATD_219-242#Page 219|page 219]].

==Page 435==

'''Gurkhas''' 
Nepalese forces that have fought alongside British troops.

'''German professors''' 
Likely a double allusion, first to Professor Werfner of Göttingen, referenced on p. 226, and also to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Schliemann Heinrich Schliemann], the German treasure hunter (not actually a professor) who first established the true historical location of Troy, the site of the Trojan War. His accomplishments are sadly underscored by his extremely amateurish excavation technique which destroyed as much as it extracted from the site.

'''General Forrest''' 
Nathan Bedford Forrest, rebel leader in U.S. Civil War. Although he pioneered high-mobility tactics, he may never have uttered the famous quotation; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Bedford_Forrest Wikipedia entry.]

Also, recognized as founder of the KKK -- see earlier episode in Colorado.

'''archiepiscopal''' 
Pertaining to an archbishop.

'''jewel-studded Victoria Crosses''' 
The VC is the highest medal for valo(u)r in the British military, about on a par with the Medal of Honor in the U.S. (except that it is never given posthumously). Adding jewels to the award is pure fantasy.

'''Fabergé''' 
Russian jeweler. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Faberg%C3%A9 Wikipedia entry].

'''"appealing though they be or, shall I say, as they are"''' 
Captain Toadflax's corrects his grammatical mistake, an error that is partially obscured by the inverted construction he employs. If one straightens out his words into a more conventional form, e.g., "though they [secular pleasures] be appealing," the error is clearer: ''they'', the third person plural pronoun, requires ''are'' as a verb, i.e. ''pleasures are'' rather than ''pleasures be''. The ''OED'' lists many examples of ''be'' taking the place of ''are'' in similar contexts, but notes that this usage is either dialectal or archaic.
:Why Toadflax commits this error is less clear than what the error itself is. One possibility is that Pynchon is making an allusion to Captains Bildad and Peleg of ''Moby-Dick'', who speak in an archaic vernacular typical of New England Puritans.
::For more information, see the ''OED'', "be, v.," sub-entry, A.I.h.¶.
:'''It isn't an error!''' Toadflax first correctly uses the subjunctive, "appealing though they be"; the choice of mood says he is making a speculative statement, something like "however appealing they are imagined to be." Then he rephrases—changing the meaning of his statement—to the indicative mood, "appealing as they are," saying that the pleasures definitely, factually ''are'' appealing. The contrast of subjunctive and indicative is becoming archaic now, but it wasn't archaic or even odd coming from an educated speaker in the early 20th century.

'''subarenaceous''' 
Below or beneath the sand (sub) + (arenaceous).

==Page 436==

'''limen''' 
threshold

'''transmundane''' 
Beyond the mundane, beyond the world

'''lamaseries''' 
Domiciles of Buddhist lamas (as in "monasteries").

'''Torriform Inclusion''' 
A made-up condition from Torus==Arch.: a large convex molding, semicircular in cross section, located at the base of a classical column?
From the American Heritage Dictionary.
St. Cosmo has just seen, he thinks, a "watchtower".
'Watchtower'-Cf. the name of the magazine (and building in Brooklyn) that the Jehovah's Witnesses use.
'distinguishing man-made from God-made'...

More likely from ''turris'' (Latin), ''torre'' (Spanish) or similar (what's the Italian?) meaning "tower."

'''Urban terrain''' 
(But only cities unwisely built on sand.)

'''Stilton Gaspereaux''' 
??? stilton is type of blue cheese from England.

'''Sven Hedin''' 
Swedish explorer, especially of the Asian countries, and excavator of ruins of ancient cities. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sven_Hedin wikipedia] Hedin crossed Taklamakan desert in 1895 and found ruins of the sunken city [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandan_Oilik Dandan Oilik]. Today he is a controversial figure because of his complicated relations to naziism. Hitler was an admirer of his work.

'''Aurel Stein''' 
Sir Marc Aurel Stein. Hungarian-born explorer later knighted as a British citizen. Credited with the discovery, and arguably the exploitation, of the Mogao Grottoes in China. A rock-carved repository of ancient Buddhist texts and murals, the grottoes are known collectively as 'The Cave of a Thousand Buddhas' and protected a copy of the Mahayana Diamond sutra, acknowledged as the world's oldest dated printed text. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Aurel_Stein Wikipedia entry].

'''first known maps''' 
None of Ptolemy's maps has survived the classical period. They were, however, reconstructed in manuscript and engraved on copper or carved in wood for editions of the Ptolemy atlas. In 1482, the first woodcut edition, containing the first map of the world to include contemporary discoveries, was published in Ulm, Germany. It contains a brightly handcolored map of the Holy Land....

Allusion to the Map/Territory relation—the relationship between symbol and object. Coined by Alfred Korzybski, “The map is not the territory” is a related expression meaning that an abstraction derived from something, or a reaction to it, is not the thing itself, e.g., the pain from a stone falling on your foot is not the stone; one's opinion of a politician, favorable or unfavorable, is not that person; a metaphorical representation of a concept is not the concept itself; and so on. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_map_is_not_the_territory]Here, the (abstract) map itself could be a guide to a spritual quest or to conquest.

==Page 437==

'''Nernst lamps''' 
An electric lamp consisting of a short, slender rod of zirconium oxide (ceramic) in open air, heated to brilliant white incandescence by electrical current. It was developed by the German physicist and chemist Walther Nernst (1864-1941) in 1897 at Goettingen University. In 1905 he formulated the third law of thermodynamics, and in 1920 he received the Nobel Prize in chemistry. For a picture of the lamp [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nernst_lamp Nernst lamp]] and Nernst's bio [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Nernst Nernst.]]

'''range-finder''' 
Cf. 'range', passim

'''level of encryption''' 
(Cf Heisenberg?)Does not seem to allude to Heisenberg and his Uncertainty Principle so much as buried layers of meaning that can hide to invisibility.

'''Mount Kailash''' 
A mountain located in the Chinese Himalayas with great religious significance in Hinduism and Buddhism. In Hinduism, it is seen as the residence of Shiva, God of destruction and regeneration. The mountain is visited every year by many religious pilgrims. In Buddhism, the mountain was believed to be the location of a battle between two ancient sorcerers: Milarepa (Tantric Buddhism) and Naro-Bonchung (Tibetan Bön religion). Pynchon is perhaps alluding to the population dividing nature of religions. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kailash wikipedia].

'''Shiva''' 
Shiva is the formless, timeless and spaceless Supreme God in Shaivism, one of the major branches of Hinduism practiced in India. Shiva means "One who purifies everyone by the utterance of His name" or "The Pure One". The name Shiva is the Holiest of Holy names. See [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva Shiva]].

'''polarize light... in time''' 
Thematic.

'''Manichaeans''' 
A gnostic sect that followed the third century Persian prophet Mani (Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page 439|page 439]]). Their main theological belief was in a stark divide between Good and Evil, Light and Darkness.

Basic to Manichaeism's doctrine was the conflicting dualism between the realm of God, represented by ''light'' and by spiritual enlightenment, and the realm of Satan, symbolized by ''darkness'' and by the world of material things. To account for the existence of evil in a world created by God, Mani posited a primal struggle in which the forces of Satan separated from God; humanity, composed of matter, that which belongs to Satan, but infused with a modicum of godly light, was a product of this struggle, and was a paradigm of the eternal war between the forces of ''light'' and those of ''darkness''. Christ, the ideal, light-clad soul, could redeem for each person that portion of light God had allotted. Light and dark were seen to be commingled in our present age as good and evil, but in the last days each would return to its proper, separate realm, as they were in the beginning. The Christian notion of the Fall and of personal sin was repugnent to the Manichaeans; they felt that the soul suffered not from a weak and corrupt will but from contact with matter. Evil was a physical, not a moral thing; a person's misfortunes were miseries, not sins. (taken from ''The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001-2005, [[http://www.bartkeby.com/65/ma/Manichae.html Manichaean]].)

Very relevant here in ADT: one could call their theology, BINARY.

==Page 438==

'''expanded sense... Maxwell... Hertz''' 
All forms of electromagnetic radiation form a spectrum, of which visible light is a small part; all such radiation shares fundamental physical properties.
Cf. range as spectrum.

:Let us quote more fully — '''''the light we see as well as the expanded sense of it prophesied by Maxwell, confirmed by Hertz''''' — it means the ''expanded'' understanding of the nature of the visible light (''the sense of it''). In 1865 Maxwell prophesied that, base on his field equations, "light itself is an electromagnetic disturbance in the form of waves propagated through the electromagnetic field according to electromagnetic laws." (Cf [[ATD_57-80#Page 58|page 58]].) In 1877 Hertz experimentally disdcovered that light behaves exactly as an electromagnetic wave described by the Maxwell Field Equations and is part of the full electromagnetic spectrum. Therefore, Hertz comfirmed what Maxwell prdicted about the nature of light. (Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318]].)
:Regardless how the scientific understaning of the nature of light has been expanded and changed, the Manichaean's view of light as invariant will remain, they will worship light to eternity. All other forms of matter are considered 'darkness'.
:Of course it is impossible for the Manichaens to know the dualism, light/darkness, of their theology has the reflection in the dualism of light. Light is a wave (electromagnetic wave) and simultaneously consists of particles (photons).

''''Perfects'''' 
Perfects are the priests of the Cathar, a pantheistic manicheistic sect from the middle ages.

:Since Gaspereaux (and Pynchon) still talking about Manichaean, let's just talk about it. 
:Strict virtue for the Manichaean involved necessarily withdrawal from the world. The community was accordingly divided into two groups; the ''Elect'' or the "Perfects", the ''Primates Manichaeorum'', who embraced a rigourous rule, and the ''Hearers'', the ''auditores'',who led a more normal life and supported the ''Elect'' both by works and alms.

'''Mysteries''' 
''The Book of Secrets'' (or ''The Book of Mysteries''). The sacred Manichaean text by Mani. Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page 439|page 439]].

'''Graeco-Buddhist''' 
Greco-Buddhism, sometimes spelled Graeco-Buddhism, is the cultural syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 800 years in Central Asia in the area corresponding to modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan, between the 4th century BCE and the 5th century CE. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Buddhism Wikipedia]

'''Italo-Islamic style(s)''' 
A result of the Islamic Conquest of Sicily and parts of southern Italy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Sicily Wikipedia on the Emirate of Sicily] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy 2]

==Page 439==

'''Nuovo Rialto''' 
Seems like Pynchon creating a "New Rialto" city under these sands as many
cities take the name of an older city and add New....

From Wikipedia: Rialto is an area of the San Polo sestiere of Venice, known for its markets and for the Rialto Bridge.

The area was settled by the ninth century, when a small area in the middle of the Realtine Islands either side of the Rio Businiacus was known as the Rivoaltus. Soon, the Businiacus became known as the Grand Canal, and the district became the Rialto, referring to only the area on the left bank.

The Rialto became an important district in 1097, when Venice's market moved there, and in the following century a boat bridge was set up across the Grand Canal providing access to it. This was soon replaced by the Rialto Bridge.

Pynchon seems to love Venice so Nuovo Rialto is very ironically intended given this scene.

'''Mani''' 
Mani (216-276), founder of religion Manichaeism. He was born in the province Babylon which was then under Persian rule. His family was Persian, bu this name is Aramaic. Mani had probably originally belonged to a Christian sect, now called Elkhasitts. Between the age of 12 and 24, Mani had visions where an angel told him that he would be the prophet of a last divine revelation. Aroudn AD 240, at the Persian court of King Shapur 1, Mani established his own religious philosophy. He and his followers (Manichaeans) regarded the world as irreconcilably divided into the kingdoms of light and darkness, good and evil. They practiced extreme asceticism in their struggle toward the light. At 26 he started on a long journey as the "Ambassador of Light" travelling through the Persian Empire and reaching as far as India, where he came under the influence of Buddhism. As Mani's teaching gained ground he came in opposition to the Zoroastrian priests and the Emperor Bahram 1. From 274 Mani lost the emperor's protection, and he either died in prison or was executed. His death was retold as an incident similar to the crucifixion of Jesus.

'''the Oxus''' 
The Oxus River of the Greeks. Its present-day name is the Amu Darya (or Amu river). It is the longest river in Central Asia. For more and map location see [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amu_Darya the Oxus]].

'''Jenghiz Khan''' 
Jenghiz (or Genghis) Khan (1162-1227), born as Temujin, a son of a Mongol chief. At thirteen he was called to succeed his father, and for years to struggle hard against hostile tribes. His ambition awakening with his continued success. He spent six years in subjugating the Naimans, between Lake Balkhash (in Southeastern Kazakhstan) and the Irtish (an enormous river in Western Siberia) , and in conquering Tangut, south of Gobi desert. In 1206 he started to use the name ''Jenghiz Khan'' — "Very Mighty Ruler". In 1211 he overruan the empire of North China, and in 1271 conquered and annexed the Kara-Chitai empire from Lake Balkhash to Tibet.
In 1218 he attacked the powerful empire of Kharezm, bounded by the Jazartes, Indus, Persian Gulf and Caspian, took Bokhara, Smarkand, Kharezm and other chief cities and returned home in 1225. His lieutenants continued to expand Jenghiz Khan's empire further and further. Jenghiz Khan died on August 18, 1227. He was not only a warrior and conqueror, but a skillful administrator and ruler; he not only conquered empires stretching from the Black Sea to the Pacific, but organized them into states which outlasted the short span that usually measures the life of Asiatic sovereignties. (from Chambers Biographical Dictionary, 1984 edition.)

'''crystallography of the silica medium''' 
Computer-base [silicon] allusion!?
:No! The most common constituent of sand, in inland continental or non-tropical coastal settings, is silicon dioxide (''silica'') usually in the form of quartz which is very resistant to weathering.
:And computer chips are made with silicon metal, not silica.

'''clearly a thousand years more recent than they ought to have been''' 
That is, the Manichean shrines date from the fourteenth Century, not the fourth Century when Mani, the founder, started Manicheanism. Pynchon dating 'when it went bad' in history?

'''Passing of the Remarks''' 
Sounds like a humorous reification of what gets said between sailors. Modeled after Changing of the Guard?

'''Steeplechase Park''' 
Steeplechase Park, located at Coney Island, was an amusement park and collection of rides, funhouses and the like. As a child I used to visit in the late 50's.

'''The Book of Secrets''' 
''The Book of Secrets'', (''Safar al–Asrar''), Manichaean sacred text by Mani. It was also called ''The Book of Mysteries'', and Titus just called it simply ''Mysteries''. It was characterized as "polemical and dogmatic." In eighteen chapters it was written to refute the false doctrines of the established sects and creeds n the world, including the sect of Bardesain or Bardesan. The book evidently dealt with the esoteric life of Jesus. The nature of Soul and Body was defined. And it also described reincarnation. A portion of the book was in the form of a dialogue between Jesus and his apostles. [[http://essenes.net/new/maniwritings.html mani's writitngs]].

==Page 440==

'''screaming...with blood''' 
Screaming motif.

'''''chong pir''''' 
Presumably Uyghur for "big lice."

'''Uyghur''' 
Member of an ethnic group in western China. It is sometimes claimed that the Uyghurs are Indo-European in one sense or another.

'''''Pulex''''' 
Flea.

'''voiced interdental fricative''' 
The ''th'' sound, as in "the" or "with." (Bad example—many if not most speakers use the unvoiced sound in "with." Try "then, other, father.") Basically, the lice lisp. This could be meant to suggest that their speech contains static or noise.

'''skeleton rig''' 
The skeleton rig is a shoulder holster for carrying a concealed handgun. They were developed in the 1890s. A very nice looking one, as well as a description thereof, can be purchased at [http://www.holster-connection.com/html/ted_blocker/tb_Skeleton.html First American Ordnance website], which also just so happens to be my source for the above info.

'''andante''' 
Literally "walking." An Italian word typically seen in notation for classical music. It denotes a moderately slow pace.

'''Sandman Saloon''' 
Tavern for the 'sandmen', without those great tavern names in the above-ground world. Negative associations to this saloon, it seems, unlike the usual saloons in TRP's world. A Neil Gaiman allusion?

==Page 441==

'''Leonard and Lyle''' 
Google comes up with mentioning Sir Leonard Lyle [http://www.parkexplorer.org.uk/park_intro.asp?ID=new16 1], sugar-magnate and heir to Abram Lyle [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abram_Lyle 2] and "Lyle‘s Golden Syrup" [http://www.lylesgoldensyrup.com/LylesGoldenSyrup/PastPresent/default.htm 3]. Thats one interesting logo, what with the dead lion/bees and the tibetan stamp on ATD, btw. Golden Syrup = oil?

'''Baku''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Baku]].

'''''teke''''' 
From this [http://home.earthlink.net/~lkritikos/glossary.html glossary on greek rembetiko music]: "teke (pl. tekedhes): A club where one could buy hashish and the use of a narghile in which to smoke it"

An American fraternity or a member thereof. Tau Kappa Epsilon. Founded in the 1890s; has had a reputation for being a bit wilder than many fraternities.

'''Spindletop''' 
From wikipedia: Spindletop is a salt dome oil field located in south Beaumont, Texas (approx. 30.02 -94.07) in the United States. On January 10, 1901, the well "Lucas 1" came in at Spindletop, marking the birthdate of the modern petroleum industry. At 100,000 barrels of oil a day, the gusher tripled U.S. oil production overnight, ensuring the second industrial revolution would be fueled not by wood and coal but by oil and its byproducts. Some of the companies chartered to exploit the wealth of Spindletop are some of today's largest and well known corporations such as ExxonMobil, and Texaco.

'''Groznyi''' 
Grozny or Groznyy (Russian: Гро́зный; Chechen: Соьлж-ГIала, Syolzh-Ghaala) is the capital of the Chechen Republic in Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River....As most of the residents there were Terek Cossacks, the town grew slowly until the development of Oil reserves in the early 20th century. This spiralled development of industry and petrochemical production. In addition to the oil drilled in the city itself, the city became a geographical centre of Russia's network of oil fields, and also in 1893 became part of the Transcaucasia - Russia Proper railway. From wikipedia

'''calyx bits''' 
Bits used for taking core samples in oil exploration. Rods are screwed together to make up the "drill string," with the bit at the bottom end. After exploration, the calyx bit is replaced with a rock bit; the borehole is stabilized with a "casing string" made of pipe (tubing) a little bigger than the bit.

Presumably some kind of mining drill-related equipment. "The mining operations were unusual in that much of the mining was done through large diameter holes drilled with calyx bits." [http://www.ut.blm.gov/sanrafaelohv/explore/historicmining.htm]

'''adults''' 
Chums not adults, then? No,they do not age, it seems.

'''''ässalamu äläykum''''' 
A muslim greeting. Translates to "Peace be with you."

'''anticline''' 
An underground rock structure with a shape resembling a ridge on the surface. Oil exploration focuses on "domes" (like salt domes, see Spindletop entry above) and anticlines, because either of these provides a volume where oil—ascending because it's lighter than rock or water—can collect to make a "pool" that can be exploited.

==Page 442==
'''Had it not (p440) ....someones hidden plans''' 
This whole conversation implies a coming war over oil, being sold as a holy mission... why does that sound familiar? Of course, once again, "No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred."

'''''equine altitude''''' 
High horse.

'''allure of Veneto-Uyghur women''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti Veneti] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanais Veneto] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghurs Uyghurs] Long distance trade (like wars and tourism in general) is very likely to enforce the intermingling of different [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_pool Gene Pools], which, more often than not, results in particularily beautiful specimens of the kinds involved. Travels of mediterrenean merchants along the various branches of the Silk Road seem to have been pretty common from at least 14th century on - see [http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/pegol.html Pegelotti‘s Merchant Handbook] (ca. 1340) which partially reads like a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonely_planet Lonely Planet Guide] of back then. During the Renaissance most of the merchants (from Florence/Venice/Geneva) set out from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanais Tana/Tanais] which some sources put as a trade-post if not colony of the "West".

'''2 percent . . . most of them''' 
Implies at least 150 in crew.

'''Marco Querini''' 
An oasis named after Marco Querini? i.e. ''Oasi Marco Querini''. In January 1571, Venetians under Marco Querini defeated Turks near Famagusta, Cyprus.

'''Terrenascondite''' 
Italian: terre (pl. of terra) = lands; ascondito, as a past participle is incorrect, it shoult be "nascosto",but it is clearly related to the verb nascondere (archaic: ascondere)= to hide. Translation is undoubtedly "hidden lands".

'''Pozzo San Vito''' 
Italian: Pozzo means well; San Vito is a Saint. Well of San Vito. ''Oasi Pozzo San Vito.'' San Vito, according [http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintv07.htm to this site], died by being boiled in oil, other sources say it was lead - a hint to the subterranean resources here? Cfr. Italian: "Ballo di San Vito", that is, Saint Vitus' Dance, a syndrome having as a consequence tics or jerks. It may be an allusion to involuntary movements or disconntected behaviour(?). Colloquially, "pozzo" also means "crazy".

'''all that incarnation and slaughter will transpire in silence''' 
Calls to mind the silent battle scene in Akira Kurosawa's samurai retelling of ''King Lear'', titled ''Ran'', which translates roughly to "chaos."

==Page 443==

'''peterman option''' 
A 'peterman' is a slang term for a safe-blower.

'''Consommé Imperial''' 
A gingered chicken broth with julienne of carrots and leeks.

'''Timbales de Suprêmes de Volailles''' 
Chicken Supreme Pudding ? Um, Suprêmes de Volailles means the white meat of chicken prepared with a fortified white sauce. To make timbales, the meat is chopped and placed in individual molds, a little grated Gruyère cheese on top, and baked in a water bath (just like some puddings).

'''Gigot Grillé a la Sauce Piquante''' 
A 'gigot' is a leg of lamb or haunch of veal. 'Sauce Piquante' is a spicy sauce.

'''aubergines à la Sauce Mousseline''' 
Eggplants with mussel sauce. -No, the French for mussels is moules, not moussel. A Sauce Mousseline is Hollandaise lightened with a bit of whipped cream. An odd choice perhaps for eggplant, but then Sauce Piquante is more for pork or boiled beef (pot-au-feu) than lamb.

:I've never seen a dog eat eggplant, but it sounds like something one wouldn't want to miss. Only thing is, it has to be somebody else's dog.

'''Pouilly-Fuissé''' 
A white Burgundy made from the Chardonnay grape.

'''Graves''' 
A white wine from the Graves district of France.

==Page 444==

'''Oasi''' 
Plural of "oasis."

:No. ''Oases'' is the plural of ''oasis''. Here, ''Oasi'' is the Italian word for ''oasis''!

'''cataplexy''' 
Sudden loss of muscle power following a strong emotional stimulus.

'''Nobel brothers''' 
Robert and Ludvig Nobel, brothers of Alfred Nobel of dynamite and prize fame, co-founders of Branobel, an important early oil company that controlled a large amount of Russian output. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branobel Wikipedia entry].

'''shaft-alley''' 
Somebody check this: the channel, running fore-and-aft deep in the ship's hull, where the propeller shafts are located.

'''the balloon is up''' 
British metaphor: The action has started. A phrase also used in ''V.''

'''F.O.''' 
Foreign Office

'''''Daily Mail''''' 
London tabloid, staunch early supporters of Adolf Hitler. Today specialises in stirring up hatred of immigrants and other minorities.

'''Inspector Sands''' 
A code word used in London to alert authorities without causing panic amongst the general public. Generally the alert is raised by the fire alarm. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspector_Sands Wikipedia entry].

'''"Sands of Inner Asia"''' 
Captain, now Inspector Sands, seems to be being compared for his achievements to "Lawrence of Arabia" parodistically.

'''Taklamakan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taklamakan The Taklamakan] (also Taklimakan) is a desert of Central Asia, in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It is known as the largest sand-only desert in the world. Some references fancifully state that Taklamakan means "if you go in, you won't come out"; others state that it means "Desert of Death" or "Place of No Return".

==Page 445==

'''Kashgar to Urumchi''' 
Two cities currently on the far western border of China. Presumably in this context they were two points inside the general area within which the 'Great Powers' competed to try and find Shambhala.

'''fell into the hands of''' 
An analogy with the present-day situation in Central Asia in particular. Throughout the book, there are references to Anarchist/Terrorists, to the spread of dynamite and other kinds of phenomena. These are all technologies that allow, or cause, power to flow into the hands of the powerless to use for their own purposes.

'''those Powers . . . still competing for it''' 
And to complete the analogy, the countries/peoples who have exercised power for centuries and are now baffled to see it flow into the hands of the powerless.

'''World-Island''' 
[[#Page_433|See entry at page 433]]

'''discreet summons''' 
Eg "paging Dr Blue".
It doesn't seem to me to be a phrase that needs a gloss: a discreet summons is simply what it says and made be made in any number of ways.

'''far wicket''' 
A 'wicket' may simply be a gate; but in the context of a novel and the bomber at Headingly cricket ground and Fenners, the Cambridge cricket ground, a 'wicket' is the three stumps at one end of a cricket pitch. ("The Gentleman Bomber of Headingly" - see p.236.)
:That isn't the context here; we are in a government building where supplicants have to pass through gates—wickets—and face bureaucrats through grilles—more wickets.

'''wog''' 
''Chiefly British.'' An ethnic slur used for any dark-skinned peoples. Alleged to stand for "Western Oriental Gentleman", but mainly applied to Indians, Pakistanis, Arabs, and other brown-skinned Asians.
I have heard it comes from 'wily oriental gentleman'; but the Oxford English Dictionary states that the origin is uncertain and defines a 'wog' as someone especially of Arab extraction.
Eric Partridge, in'' A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English'' (8th ed., 1984), suggests that the term derives from "golliwog," the name of a black male doll character with frizzy hair popularized in Bertha Upton's children's story, The Adventures of Two Dutch Dolls--and a 'Golliwog' (1895).

'''Vic removal''' 
Perhaps "Victoria removal," i.e., assassination of the Queen. But she died in 1901. What year is it now?

'''eating an explosive''' 
Cf Lew's Cyclomite.

==Page 446==

'''St Martin le Grand''' 
A street in the City of London.

'''Angel Street''' 
Another street in the City which meets St Martin le Grand at right-angles.

'''G.P.O. West''' 
G.P.O - General Post Office

'''pneumatic dispatches''' 
An extensive 'pneumatic dispatch' system existed on London during the Victorian era, started in 1851 and carrying on at least into the 1930's. By 1886 London had 94 telegram tubes totaling 34 1/2 miles and around 4.5 million telegraph messages were carried in cylinders at around 20mph. At its height the network extended some 57 miles connecting 67 branch offices via a central sorting office. See [http://www.capsu.org/history/telegram_conveyors.html] and
[http://www.dself.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/COMMS/pneumess/pneumess.htm] (with illustrations).

'''drill suits''' 
Drill is a durable cotton fabric; khaki drill is used for uniforms.

'''chars''' 
Charwomen. Maids, cleaners.

'''Hundreds of telegraphers''' 
The scene described, including the pneumatic dispatches and the ostensible concern about terrorism, is very similar to one in Terry Gilliam's "Brazil."

'''clicks and rests''' 
Presumably the clicks of a telegraphic system and the rests or silences in between. [[Binarisms_Discussion|Another binarism.]]

'''Northern Temple of Connexion''' 
It's in the north of the City; and the phrase suggests the religious intensity of the need to connect or communicate as well as mildly satirising it.

'''marblework''' 
Such buildings would have used quantities of marble; hence the image of a 'temple' above.

'''Bloggins''' 
An archetypal ordinary man; an everyman figure.

'''allegro vivatchy''' 
phonetic of 'allegro vivace' - a musical term for a quick tempo. If the policeman had been manhandling an English suspect, he would have said "All right then, quick march." An early instance of cultural sensitivity. . . .

==Page 447==

'''grease-paint''' 
'Grease-paint' refers to old-fashioned stage make-up.

'''cylinder of gutta-percha''' 
Pneumatic dispatches were carried in cylinders of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutta-percha Gutta-Percha] -- an inelastic latex made from the sap of the Gutta-Percha tree -- covered in felt. See [http://www.capsu.org/history/telegram_conveyors.html]. Gutta-percha crops up a number of times in ATD, possibly enough to suggest some sort of motif or connection?

Gutta percha per se is a Victorian equivalent to rubber, or rather hard rubber (they knew to use soft latex for erasers, "gum boots" and such). Discovery of the vulcanization process led to replacement of gutta-percha in many applications.

'''its "D" box''' 
The receiving mechanism on the end of pneumatic dispatch pipe.

"The somewhat complicated pattern of double sluice valve originally used at the central stations has been superseded by a simpler form, known as the D box, so named Despatching from the shape of its cross section. This box is of and cast iron, and is provided with a close-fitting, Receiving brass-framed, sliding lid with a glass panel. This Apparatus, lid fits air-tight, and closes the box after a carrier has been inserted into the mouth of the tube; the latter enters at one end of the box and is there bell-mouthed. A supply pipe, to which is connected a 3-way cock, is joined on to the box and allows communication at will with either the pressure or vacuum mains, so that the apparatus becomes available for either sending (by pressure) or receiving (by vacuum) a carrier. Automatic working, by which the air supply is automatically turned on on the introduction of the carrier into a tube and on closing of the D box, and is cut off when the carrier arrives, was introduced in 1909." From the 1911 Encyclopedia Brittanica entry on Pneumatic Dispatch, cited at [http://www.dself.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/COMMS/pneumess/pneumess.htm]

'''Holborn''' 
Holborn is between the Strand (at the northern end of Waterloo Bridge) and Bloomsbury.

'''Saffron Hill''' 
is in the City, an area named Farringdon, east of Holborn.

'''''tantum dic verbo'' isn't it''' 
Might be derived from that part of the Mass where it's said: "Domine, non sum dignus, ut intres sub tectum meum: sed '''tantum dic verbo''' et sanabitur anima mea" ("Lord, I am not worthy that thou shouldest come under my roof: but '''speak the word''' only, and my soul shall be healed")

Sands seems to be telling Gaspereaux to "just say the word".

'''''intact''''' 
(Did I miss this?)

==Page 448==

'''because I'm mad''' 
???

'''half-sovereign case''' 
A sovereign is old English money for one pound, i.e 20 shillings. A half-sovereign is ten shillings old money.

'''Mr. Campbell-Bannerman''' 
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (1836-1908) was a Liberal MP and then Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1905 to 1908. I'm not sure when he was knighted; but he's not the only character in the novel connected with Trinity College, Cambridge.

==Page 449==

'''Clarabella''' 
Clarabelle=name of the clown on The Howdy Doody Show [TV] in the fifties.

'''Audacity, Iowa''' 
???

==Page 450==

'''DREAMTIME MOVY''' 
Misspelling is dreamlike? Or, more possibly, the spelling hadn't yet been standardized.
:The ''OED'' an cites an occurance of this spelling as late as 1919.

'''log... waterfall''' 
This passage anticipates a scene in D. W. Griffith's 1920 film [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Way_Down_East Way Down East] in which Lillian Gish, stranded on an ice-floe, rushes toward a potential demise over the edge of the falls. More specifically, Pynchon is here positing this (fictional) collision between the film (i.e., the diegetic world of the film) and the breaking projector (the non-diegetic world of the film!) as the origin of the... (wait for it) -- CLIFFHANGER.
:What does ''diegetic'' mean, please?

'''lens-brother''' 
(Like masonic sign?)(Also reminiscent of the lens (the K/kid/d) carries in Delaney's ''Dhalgren'')

'''Powers movement''' 
Around 1897, Nicholas Power improved the "Maltese Cross" used in the Geneva movement; his company sold [http://www.victorian-cinema.net/power.htm projectors] including the "Peerless" and the popular No. 5. The Power or Power[']s movement could not be adapted to sound projection.

'''Geneva''' 
A watch movement also used in film projection. "The Geneva movement is so called because of its use in Geneva watches as a stop wind. The projection on the driving disk acts as the pawl drive, and the concave projections on the lower disc act as stop pawls. This is used at the present time in motion picture machines for moving the film in front of the lens and is known as the intermittent movement."

'''Wilt Flambo''' 
Flambeau = torch (French).

'''acetylene''' 
When the flammable gas was used for illumination, it was often generated on the spot by dripping water onto lumps of calcium carbide.

==Page 451==

'''nitro in the film''' 
Cellulose nitrate was the predecessor to modern photographic films. The nitrate material might be coated with collodion, which served as the substrate to the chemistry that made the image. Nitrate film was/is notoriously flammable.

'''the tip''' 
The audience. Pynchon uses the word many times in ''AtD.''

'''strange relation''' 
Cf GR on calculus.

'''dark perplexity''' 
Cf Gen X?

'''dilapidated portals''' 
See p.406: the West Gate's "two flanking towers of rusticated stone and Gothical aspect... an aspect of terrible antiquity..."

'''queen-of-the-prairie''' 
[http://davesgarden.com/pf/go/68/index.html Meadowsweet,] ''Filipendula rubra,'' wild flower with clusters of pink blooms in midsummer.

'''Geneva''' 
[[#Page_450|See annotation to p. 450.]]

==Page 452==

'''Sempitern''' 
An archaic term meaning 'eternal', a poetic but appropriate name for a river? Echoing "Serpentine," the lake in London's Hyde Park.

'''Sicilians with equal apprehensions for the principle of the vendetta''' 
If the vendetta began when A killed B, couldn't B's son short-circuit the whole thing by going back in time and killing A first? And then who would be responsible for killing the son? Possible application to the Traverse/Vibe/Deuce relationship, too.

'''siegecraft of Time''' 
Cf Paris Commune siege, p.19.

'''to see in its vortex the fundamental structure of everything''' 
A reference to the Yeatsian conception of the gyre as the primary or fundamental form. "'The mind, whether expressed in history or in the individual life, has a precise movement, which can be quickened or slackened but cannot be fundamentally altered, and this movement can be expressed by a mathematical form’ and this form is the gyre." [http://www.yeatsvision.com/Geometry.html] 

More from wikipedia: "The theory of history articulated in A Vision centers on a diagram composed of two conical spirals, one situated inside the other, so that the widest part of one cone occupies the same plane as the tip of the other cone, and vice versa. Around these cones he imagined a set of spirals. Yeats claimed that this image (he called the spirals "gyres") captured contrary motions inherent within the process of history, and he divided each gyre into different regions that represented particular kinds of historical periods (and could also represent the psychological phases of an individual's development). Yeats believed that in 1921 the world was on the threshold of an apocalyptic moment, as history reached the end of the outer gyre (to speak roughly) and began moving along the inner gyre." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Second_Coming_(poem)] 
Cf. the remark, "history is a step-function" in ''V.''. Is the above an
evolution of that remark/vision? http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11

'''between Cleveland and Denver''' 
Merle's idiosyncratic choice of endpoints? This helps define where Candlebrow is, though.

'''automorphic functions''' 
Auto= self; same as in autogamy. American Heritage Dict. -morph = Form, structure, function. Self-forming, self-structuring-- or self-organizing as Pynchon says elsewhere in ADT.

The phrase has a specific meaning in mathematics, referring to a generalization of periodic functions.

==Page 453==
'''We thus enter the whirlwind''' 
God is sometimes referred to this way. Often Capitalized, but here the speaker is using it literally, but Pynchon maybe metaphorically?

'''Lobatchevskian''' 
of Nikolai Lobachevsky (1793-1856), a Russian Mathematician, co-founder, with Hungarian mathematician János Bolyai, of non-Euclidean geometry. Born at Nizhny Novgorod and a professor at Kazan University from 1814. In 1829 he published his non-Euclidean geometry paper, the first account of that subject in print.

'''Automorphic Dispensation''' 
Self-forming, self-organizing, recurring or periodic dispensation. 
On the meaning of "dispensation" see [[ATD_119-148#Page_128|annotations to p. 128.]]

'''distressing regularity''' 
Explains dilapidation?

'''Thorvald''' 
Scandinavian name from the Old Norse name ''Þórvaldr''. It combines the name "Thor" (thunder) and scandinavian word "valdr" (ruler), to create the meaning "thunder ruler" or "ruler of the thunder". Either would be apt, in this case.

The persisting storm also occurs in ''Mason & Dixon'', in at least one of Terry Pratchett's Discworld novels and in Walter Moers‘ [http://www.amazon.com/13-2-Lives-Captain-Bluebear/dp/1585678449/sr=1-1/qid=1170090170/ref=sr_1_1/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books "13 1/2 lives of Captain Bluebear"].

'''''thresher dinners''''' 
Hearty communal midday meals for men taking part in harvest. Here a sacrifice to Thorvald.

==Page 454==

'''"gaff"''' 
A deceptive feature like the rabbit-concealing false bottom in a magician's top hat.

'''Giant Airships of 1896 and '7''' 
An early UFO sensation. From November 1896 to the summer of '97, newspapers reported numerous sightings of [http://www.balloonlife.com/publications/balloon_life/9607/airship.htm a large cigar-shaped airship]. The first reports came from Sacramento; the "ship" (or ships) moved from west to east, with [http://www.reall.org/newsletter/v06/n03/illinois-ufo-mania-of-1897.html a big concentration in Illinois.] "Contacts" with the people on board the craft all proved to be hoaxes, and the speed of the ship's travel was a pretty good match for the speed of propagation of phony newspaper stories from town to town.

In the context of ''AtD'' we have to ask: In a world where airships were common by 1893, operated by a sizable community of aeronautics clubs like the Chums of Chance, why would another airship create a sensation in 1896? Who would consider it mysterious?

And ''were'' airships common by 1893? [http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/ss/airship_5.htm This brief account] of the technology in our historical context says that trials date back to mid-century, but practical airships appeared only in 1898.

[http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Image:Mysterious-airship.jpg This artist's conception] is no less imaginative than sketches that appeared in the media in 1896-97.

'''Chick''' 
First Chum to appear in non-Chums chapter? Chick is the Chum we know, besides Pugnax if we count him, to have come aboard The Inconvenience from the real world. Another meaning to Counterfly? More earthbound?

==Page 455==

'''Cleveland... trial... Bounce v. Vibe''' 
See p67 & 426

'''Somble, Strool, and Fleshway''' 
[[ATD_26-56#Page_34|See annotations to page 34.]]

''''paranoia querulans'... P.Q.''' 
[[Paranoia_Querulans|Described in the page so titled.]]

'''Hercules''' 
Allusion to Hercules Powder Company, major manufacturer of black powder and other explosives.

'''blasting agent''' 
Just a casual reference to the Hercules product. In a more technical context "blasting agents" are distinguished from "shattering explosives." A blasting agent releases its energy more slowly and produces a heaving action.

'''detonans''' 
That which is detonated - cod latin. Detonans is a present participle, roughly meaning "that detonates" or "detonating".

'''"I'm just another nutty inventor"''' 
Roswell has been discussing his plans to dynamite the Vibe Corp. which has used its power to harrass him. Throughout his work, esp. ''Gravity's Rainbow'', Pynchon has dealt with themes involving the split between elect and preterite, or to use a more simplified phrase, winners and losers. Dynamite offers the small and powerless, the "long-shot opponents of the mills of Capital" referred to earlier in the page, an expression of power of their own. In this way it is like the AK-47 today which has made it far more difficult for powers (e.g. the United States in Iraq) to exert control over populations.

==Page 456==

'''aigrette''' 
Literally an egret or aigrette (or Lesser White Heron); hence a tuft of feathers such as an egret has and hence a spray of gems worn on the head and finally luminous rays seen emerging from the moon in solar eclipses or, to quote the OED, "at the ends of electrified bodies" [[ATD_397-428#Page_405|(see annotation to p. 405.)]]

'''Pencil''' 
To mathematicians, a pencil is a family of geometric objects sharing a common property, such as a collection of lines that pass through a common point. (Of course, constipated mathematicians also find pencils useful for working out logs).

'''equivalent of a shrug''' 
Nice anthropomorphism.

'''I want to know light...take some in my hands...and bring it back''' 
More light-infatuation, but this sounds particularly Promethean to me. Everybody knows Prometheus is famous for stealing fire from the Gods and bringing it to man in his unburnable fennel, but for Pynchoniacs, Zeus' reaction to this is quite interesting. Imaginably, Zeus is pretty pissed, so "to punish Prometheus for this hubris (and all of mankind in the process), Zeus devised 'such evil for them that they shall desire death rather than life'". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus Wiki] Then he sends Prometheus "to Mount Caucasus, where an eagle (often shown as a vulture) by the name of Ethon (offspring of the monsters Typhon and Echidna) would pick at his liver; it would grow back each day and the eagle would eat it again." Talk about Eternal Return.

Finally "[t]o punish man for the offenses of Prometheus, Zeus told Hephaestus to "mingle together all things loveliest, sweetest, and best, but look that you also mingle therewith the opposites of each." So Hephaestus took gold and dross, wax and flint, pure snow and mud of the highways, honey and gall; he took the bloom of the rose and the toad's venom, the voice of laughing water and the peacocks squall; he took the sea's beauty and its treachery, the dog's fidelity and the wind's inconstancy, and the mother bird's heart of love and the cruelty of the tiger. All these, and other contraries past number, he blended cunningly into one substance and this he molded into the shape that Zeus had described to him. She was as beautiful as a goddess and Zeus named her Pandora which meant "all gifted"." And a little later on Pandora opens her eponymic box and "all suffering and despair" is unleashed upon mankind.

Some judicious readers may remember we've already been to the Pandora Works back on p.297, and we all know what those light-worshiping Alchemists will do with the metals they remove from mines just like it.

'''machinery . . . more complicated than it needs to be''' 
Merle and Roswell, as alchemists, suspect the problem of "moving pictures" may have a solution with fewer moving parts.

'''lost mines''' 
(Factual?) One of the classic "crazy old galoot" figures in Westerns is the deranged sourdough who can't stop talking about the incredibly rich lode he and his partner found and then lost.

==Page 457==

'''tourbillon''' 
A tourbillon is a type of mechanical clock or watch escapement invented in 1795 by Abraham-Louis Breguet that is designed to counter the effects of gravity and other perturbing forces that can affect the accuracy of a chronometer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourbillon Wikipedia]

Tourbillon is French for "whirlwind" - Thorvald‘s tiny chronometer-cousin.

'''make time impervious to gravity''' 
Thematic to this book and GR?

'''patent pencils''' 
Mechanical or (British) propelling pencils. "Patent" as in patent medicine, patent leather: innovative, gimmicky, making claims of uniqueness.

Ebenezer Wood "constructed the first hexagon- and octagon-shaped pencil cases that we have today. Ebenezer did not patent his invention and shared his techniques with whoever asked." from Wikipedia.

'''zephyr gingham''' 
From [http://vintagesewing.info/1920s/26-fcm/fcm-16a.html this site]: gingham: A cotton fabric in checks or stripes nearly alike on both sides. zephyr: Anything light and airy. We have zephyr yarns, zephyr gingham, zephyr tissues.

'''lawn''' 
a thin or sheer linen or cotton fabric, either plain or printed.

'''pongee''' 
silk of a slightly uneven weave made from filaments of wild silk woven in natural tan color or its cotton imitation.

==Page 458==

'''professors... engineers''' 
Theory vs practice.

'''Latinate token of prestige''' 
PhD (''Philosophiae Doctor''), summa cum laude, etc.

'''suspicious of night horizons''' 
(sunsets?)Absence of light horizons? You can't see the horizon at night unless ''something'' is flashing and flaring over beyond it. Townsfolk are traditionally suspicious of strange flickerings in the sky. Fireworks specialists give you a way out: "Oh, Luigi was just trying out a new star shell."

'''current... purity''' 
Free of noise?

'''Minkowski''' 
Hermann Minkowski was a German mathematician who made useful contributions in the development of relativity, amongst other things. Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page 324]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Minkowski]

'''Three times ten... minus one seconds''' 
Three times ten to the fifth refers to the speed of light. The square root of minus 1 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_unit Wikipedia] is also known as the Imaginary Unit or i. i is sometimes also expressed as the square root of -1, as here. Complex numbers [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number Wikipedia] can be expressed as a + bi where a is the real part of the complex number and b is the imaginary part. Complex numbers were an important element of the work of both Minkowski and Einstein. Also, for imaginary number Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 133|page 133]] and complex number Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 132|page 132]].

''Against the Day'' takes place at the time when Newtonian physics were being supplanted, at least in theory, by physics based on Relativity. This equation touches on that. But also, the use of a real and an imaginary number returns to the theme of duality that arises throughout the book. The spacetime measured by imaginary or complex numbers would seem to be something different though co-existent with 'our' spacetime.

'''other expression''' 
Contextually, Roswell seems to be refering to the other side of the above equation...'that other expression 'over there'...they are at a slate "blackboard."

'''he called the equation "pregnant"''' 
Minkowski used the German word ''prägnant,'' which doesn't mean "pregnant." It means concise, precise, penetrating.

'''astronomical distance''' 
Small-scale astronomy then: 3x105 km is about two-thirds of the distance from the Earth to the Moon.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

Against the Day Title

2007-06-28T17:00:57Z

Phidre: "Against the Day" in Milton

'''Note: please keep this analysis general and spoiler-free.'''

==Painting==

David Hockney: "Contre-jour in the French Style - Against the Day dans le style français". Paris 1974. Oil on canvas <ref>[http://www.hockneypictures.com/works_paintings_70_09.htm Hockney Pictures Website]</ref>

==Contra Jour==

''Contra Jour'' is a photographic term meaning, literally, 'Against the Day' or 'Against the Light'. This seems particularly relevant given that light is a major theme in the book.

Wikipedia has this as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contre-jour contre-jour] and that article suggests other reasons for the title. In particular, this technique exaggerates the contrast between light and dark in the picture and emphasises outlines.

==Title References Oblique and Otherwise==
*"He tried to make out, against the daylight flowing in off the plain, what he could of her face veiled in its own penumbra" p. 205

*"Against what looms in the twilight of the European future, it doesn't make much sense, this pretending to carry on with the day, you know, just waiting. Everyone waiting." p. 543

*"...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." p. 566

*"return to daylit America [...] its steadfast denial of night" (Cf. Thelonious Monk epigraph, "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."!) p. 732

*"and went back once again to seeking only orgasm, hallucination, stupor, sleep, to fetch them through the night and prepare them against the day" p. 805

*"In the Orphic story of the world’s beginning, Night preceded the creation of the Universe, she was the daughter of Chaos, the Greeks called her Νύξ, and the old Thracians worshipped her as a deity. For a postulant in this order, Night is one’s betrothed, one’s beloved, one seeks to become not a bride at all really, but a kind of sacrifice, an offering, to Night.” p. 959

*"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp" p. 1032

==Other books of the same title==

''Against the Day'' is also the title of a book by Michael Cronin, dealing with an alternate history of World War II.

==Biblical connotations==

In his review of ''Against the Day'' in the ''Wall Street Journal'', Alexander Theroux (author of [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FDarconvilles-Cat-Alexander-Theroux%2Fdp%2F0805043659&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''Darconville's Cat''] and the upcoming [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FLaura-Warholic-Intellectual-Alexander-Theroux%2Fdp%2F1560977981%2Fsr%3D11-1%2Fqid%3D1164652830&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''Laura Warholic; or The Sexual Intellectual'']) traces the title of Pynchon's novel back to the Bible, 2 Peter 3:7.:

:(5) For this they willfully forget, that there were heavens from of old, and an earth compacted out of water and amidst water, by the word of God;

:(6) by which means the world that then was, being overflowed with water, perished:

:(7) but the heavens that now are, and the earth, by the same word have been stored up for fire, being reserved '''against the day''' of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.

:(8) But forget not this one thing, beloved, that one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day.

(Source: [http://www.spcm.org/english/ASB/B61C003.htm American Standard Bible])

Theroux's review can be found in [http://online.wsj.com/home/us The Wall Street Journal], November 24, 2006, Page W8. (The website is only accessible for subscribers.)

'''Romans 2:5'''

"Against the Day" is a fairly common phrase and probably not limited to one meaning, but this passage from the King James Bible is particularly resonant, especially considering the great amount of religious and pseudo-religious imagery in the book:

The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans 2:5 "But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath ''against the day'' of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God" (King James Bible)

The bookends of the word "wrath" around "against the day" make this particularly suggestive of judgement day or the day of wrath. The passages around this one and around Matthew: 6:34 where Webb's "Sufficient unto the day" (p.96) appears dwell on judgement: "Judge not, that ye be not judged. 7:2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again."

'''Proverbs 21:31'''

"The horse is prepared against the day of battle: but safety is of the LORD" (KJV) is another possibility, considering the novel's ominous context of impending war.

==Mormon Sources==

The phrase "against the day," which provides the novel's title, appears on page 805 of the U.S. edition, and while it may carry biblical overtones, it perhaps is more directly derived from The Doctrine and Covenants of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.

Specifically, Pynchon embeds "against the day" in a larger phrase, "prepare them against the day," which appears in Section 85 of the Doctrine and Covenants, Verse 3: "It is contrary to the will and commandment of God that those who receive not their inheritance by consecration, agreeable to his law, which he has given, that he may tithe his people, to prepare them against the day of vengeance and burning, should have their names enrolled with the people of God."

Section 85 is part of a response by Joseph Smith to one W. W. Phelps "to answer questions about those saints who had moved to Zion, but who had not received their inheritances according to the establish order in the Church."

[http://scriptures.lds.org/en/dc/85 '''Doctrine and Covenants, Section 85''']

Other potential Doctrine and Covenants sources include Section 29, Verse 8 ("the decree hath gone forth from the Father that they shall be gathered in unto one place upon the face of this land, to prepare their hearts and be prepared in all things against the day when tribulation and desolation are sent forth upon the wicked") and Section 109, Verse 46 ("Therefore, O Lord, deliver thy people from the calamity of the wicked; enable thy servants to seal up the law, and bind up the testimony, that they may be prepared against the day of burning").

[http://scriptures.lds.org/en/dc/29 '''Doctrine and Covenants, Section 29'''] and [http://scriptures.lds.org/en/dc/109 '''Doctrine and Covenants, Section 109''']

==The themes of the book==

The title, ''Against the Day,'' contains references to many of the primary themes of the novel: light, opposites, mirror imagery... Travel backward through time is quite literally traveling "against the day"; the idea of such surfaces frequently in the book. The search for eternal life might also be considered a literal struggle "against the day", or the inevitable effects of living through any measured length of time.

Another great writer full of Biblical allusions, William Faulkner, used the phrase in a 1955 speech: “We speak now against the day when our Southern people who will resist to the last these inevitable changes in social relations, will, when they have been forced to accept what they at one time might have accepted with dignity and goodwill, will say, "Why didn't someone tell us this before? Tell us this in time?"

That it is all too late for America, that we the people might feel that we should have been told before, told in time, might describe a Pynchon theme throughout all his work. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Education_of_Henry_Adams The Education of Henry Adams] and its relationship to [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow''].

==Appearances of "against the day" in other Pynchon works==

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_and_Dixon '''Mason & Dixon''']

p. 125
:Mason nods, gazing past the little Harbor, out to Sea. None of his business where Maskelyne goes, or comes, — God let it remain so. The Stars wheel into the blackness of the broken steep Hills guarding the Mouth of the Valley. Fog begins to stir against the Day swelling near. Among the whiten'd Rock Walls of the Houses seethes a great Whisper of living Voice.

p. 683
: [...] till the Moment they must pass over the Crest of the Savage Mountain, does there remain to them, contrary to Reason, against the Day, a measurable chance, to turn, to go back out of no more than Stubbornness, and somehow make all come right [...]

==In other literature==

GoogleBooks returns over a thousand occurrences of this phrase, mostly quoting the Bible texts above: [http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&q=against.the.day&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&um=1&sa=N&tab=wp&num=100 GoogleBooks]

 Two occurences in Milton's ''Paradise Lost'' are particularly interesting: About the Son of God: "About his Chariot numberless were pour'd / Cherub and Seraph, Potentates and Thrones, / And Virtues, winged Spirits, and Chariots wing'd, / From the Armoury of God, where stand of old / Myriads between two brazen Mountains lodg'd / '''Against a solemn day''', harnest at hand, / Celestial Equipage ..." ''(vii.197-203)''. 
About Sin and Death entering Eden: 
"So saying, with delight he snuff'd the smell / Of mortal change on Earth. As when a flock / Of ravenous Fowl, though many a League remote, / '''Against the day''' of Battle, to a Field / Where Armies lie encampt, come flying, lur'd / With scent of living Carcasses design'd / For death, the following day, in bloody fight" ''(x.272-278)''. 

==References==
<references />

ATD 97-118

2007-06-26T13:45:04Z

Phidre: /* Page 109 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 97==

'''the iron of their shoes . . . seeking the magnetic memory of that long-ago visit''' 
Familiar cartoon gag, a ''horseshoe'' magnet attracting all sorts of hardware as it flies through the air.

'''the Rebellion''' 
What the North called the Civil War. [[ATD_1-25#Page_7|Another reference...]]

'''Tesla, Dr. Nikola''' (1856-1943) 
Tesla was a Serb-American inventor, engineer and physicist whose patents and theoretical work form the basis of modern alternating current electric power (AC) systems, radio, and a bunch of other stuff. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Wikipedia entry] Tesla researched in Colorado Springs from May 1899 - January 1900, a location he chose because of the frequent thunderstorms, the high altitude, and the dryness of the air. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#Colorado_Springs Wikipedia on Tesla at Colorado Springs].

Much of the the funding for his Colorado Springs laboratory came from Colonel John Jacob Astor. Tesla's friend and patent lawyer, Leonard E. Curtis, persuaded the El Paso Power Company to supply Tesla with all the electricity he wanted, free of charge. The arrangement ended the night Tesla's activities burned out the dynamo and the entire city lost power. [http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_colspr.html PBS: Tesla - Master of Lightning]

"Tesla logged in his diary on July 3, 1899 that a separate resonance transformer tuned to the same high frequency as a larger high-voltage resonance transformer would transceive energy from the larger coil, acting as a transmitter of wireless energy, which was used to confirm Tesla's patent for radio during later disputes in the courts. These air core high-frequency resonate coils were the predecessors of systems from radio to radar and medical magnetic resonance imaging devices." [http://www.crystalinks.com/tesla.html] This information was later used to confirm his patent for radio which he received posthumously in 1946, 3 years after his death. [http://www.resonanceresearch.com/nikola-tesla-coils-picture-colorado-1899-labratory.htm].

Pynchon confuses this 03 July 'vision', during a natural electrical storm, with later experimental generation of high voltages.

[http://www.teslasociety.com The Tesla Society] confusingly describes Tesla as a "Serbian-born American" but states his birthplace as Smiljan, Croatia.

'''Vectorist . . . by way of the Electricity''' 
Vector symbolism offers an economical way to describe electrical processes; electrical engineers still use vector algebra and vector analysis combined with concepts from complex number theory.

==Page 98==

'''a turbine generator located underneath a waterfall''' 
Not sitting there to catch the falling water. A waterfall is a convenient place for a power plant because you can get easy access to two elevations: take in water at the top, install your turbine at the bottom. The mention of penstocks and other plumbing farther down the page confirms that the flow is being captured in pipes at the head of the fall and run through a turbine at the bottom.

'''engineering students... from Cornell, Yale''' 
Cornell is Pynchon's alma mater, where he initially studied engineering. [[Thomas Pynchon|Pynchon bio]]

'''Maxwell''' 
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) was a Scottish mathematical physicist among the pioneers of electromagnetism. Pynchon made use of his theoretical "Maxwell's Demon" in ''The Crying of Lot 49''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell Wikipedia entry]

'''Maxwell's ''Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism'' of 1873''' 
Full text of [http://www.archive.org/details/electricandmagne01maxwrich Volume 1] and [http://www.archive.org/details/electricandmag02maxwrich Volume 2] at the Internet Archive.

==Page 99==

'''the Invisible''' 
Up to this point there have been many mentions of things invisible, here capitalized. Recalling Blundell's quote from p. 24, suddenly everything connects and makes sense to Kit after his revelation. It is a mystical experience for him as he reaches this knowledge through something like a voice telling him.

'''So is altitude transformed, continuously, to light''' 
The potential energy of water at an altitude is realized when it falls, producing the flow of electricity required for the production of artificial light. 

'''Hamilton had experienced at Brougham Bridge in Ireland''' 
William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865) was an Irish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer who made important contributions to the development of optics, dynamics, and algebra. His discovery of quaternions is perhaps his best known investigation. The discovery of quaternions reportedly occurred during a walk with his wife by the Royal Canal in Dublin. Upon having the inspiration for the formula, he promptly carved it into the side of the nearby [[Brougham_Bridge |Broom (or Brougham) Bridge]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton Wikipedia entry]

'''a jump from one place to another''' 
An allusion to quantum jump (or quantum leap), which would be proposed some years later as a model for the electron's transition between energy states within an atom and as the sole cause of the emission of electromagnetic radiation, including that of ''light'', by atoms. Interestingly enough, the term "quantum leap" would later become a standard vernacular term to describe abrupt advances. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_leap Wikipedia entry]

'''with . . . what perilous æther opening between and beneath''' 
The etymology of ''air'' includes ''æther.'' The gap between initial and final states is a region where there's nothing to "support" the particle making the quantum jump.

'''the truth he now possessed in his personal interior, certain and unshakable''' 
Kit's belief in Vectorism is solidified. 
Not belief. He's broken through to a state where he doesn't have to write the math down—he sees directly from problem statement to solution.

'''Jack, we're seventeen''' 
Around 1900.

'''Pike's Peak or Bust!''' 
The slogan of miners heading to Colorado during the Gold Rush of 1859.

'''Frank got so nervous about climbing''' 
Is Frank acrophobic?

'''Cañon City alumnus''' 
An ex-convict who has done time in the Colorado pen.

'''swamping''' 
Menial work.

==Page 100==

'''Lieutenants of Industry Scholarship Program''' 
The metaphor "Captain of Industry" gets dusted off; Vibe is the captain, so his minions can't go any higher than lieutenants.

'''Mr. Merriwell, we really need this touchdown''' 
An allusion to the fictional character Frank Merriwell, an adventuresome student at Yale and football hero, he was created by the pulp fiction writer Gilbert Patten, who wrote under the pen name Burt L. Standish. The first story, "Frank Merriwell: or, First Days at Fardale" appeared in ''Tip Top Weekly'' on April 18, 1896. Merriwell went on to appear in comic books, radio programs, and dime novels. As the passage suggests, Merriwell constituted an idealized picture of the east coast, old money elite. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Merriwell Wikipedia Entry on Frank Merriwell]

'''Yale''' 
This possible deal with the devil that Kit makes to get into Yale recalls the evil pact made to get Tyrone Slothrop into Harvard in ''Gravity's Rainbow''.

'''Horsefeathers''' 
The title of a 1932 Marx Brothers film ("Horse Feathers"). Another possible indication for the promised Groucho Marx cameo. See also "ducksoup" (p.25)

'''Antietam''' 
The first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil, in 1862. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties.

'''substitute conscriptee''' 
The Enrollment Act of 1863 allowed draftees to pay $300 to a substitute who would serve for them. (See [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nygenese/purchase.jpg here] for an example substitution form.) J.P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Jay Gould, James Mellon and future president Grover Cleveland all hired substitutes. Within a year the price had gone up to $1,100, however. [http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1994/winter/civil-war-draft-records.html Civil War Draft Records: Exemptions and Enrollments]

==Page 101==

'''Cold Harbor''' 
There were two battles of Cold Harbor: the first, in 1862, predated Antietam, so this would have been the second in 1864 0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor Wikipedia].

'''the Brain and its Mysteries''' 
This is a recurring theme, with suggestions of neurological symptoms already seen, such as Miles Blondell's weird feelings and Lew Basnight's malady. As seen below, the presence of the bullet has some effects on his brain: he receives "communications, from far, far away," which can be symptoms of brain injuries.

'''Minié ball''' 
Prior to the development of the minie ball, rifles were not used in combat due to the difficulty in loading. The ammunition used by rifles was the same diameter as the barrel in order for the bullet to engage the groves of the rifled barrel. As a result the ball had to be forced into the barrel. The minie ball, originally designed by Captain Claude-Etienne Minie of France and improved on by manufacturers in the United States, changed warfare. Since the minie ball was smaller than the diameter of the barrel, it could be loaded quickly by dropping the bullet down the barrel. This conical lead bullet had two or three grooves and a conical cavity in its base. The gases, formed by the burning of powder once the firearm was fired, expanded the base of the bullet so that it engaged the rifling in the barrel. Thus, rifles could be loaded quickly and yet fired accurately; 620; [http://www.civilwar.si.edu/weapons_minieball.html From the Smithsonian website]

However, Minié balls are relatively large, generally .58 caliber, so that would be a mighty large piece of lead lodged in his brain. [http://www.eclectichistorian.net/RifleMusket/Minies.html Picture]

'''"far, far away"''' 
A nod to the opening lines of ''Star Wars''? “A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away..." 
A similar episode is in Richard Powers' "Three Farmers on their Way to a Dance" (1985), in which a character affirms that he can get military radio communications thanks to a dental filling. Richard Powers has often been compared to Pynchon.

'''physical well-being''' 
The dichotomy of bodily and spiritual well-being appears in the [[The World is at Fault]] letter that Pynchon wrote in the early 60s.

'''"if it exists"''' 
Assuming this is c1882, when the Standard Oil Trust was formed, it was already well-known.

==Page 102==
'''ten gallons of coffee''' 
Major caffeine abuse also figured in to ''Mason & Dixon''.

'''Twin Vibes''' 
Vibe and Walker work together in part because of Walker's "powers". These "vibrations" could be the source of the name Vibe.

'''With that kind of personal faith . . . handling snakes''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_handling Wikipedia] says snake-handling did not become a movement until the 1920s but was a sensational practice before the end of the 19th century. The requisite "personal faith" is defined in Mark 16:17-18: "And these signs shall follow them that believe: In my name . . . [t]hey shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them; they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover." Southern Appalachia is now the epicenter of snake-handling.

'''''"Izvinite... Hvala"''''' 
'Excuse me'... 'Thank you' in Croatian. [http://www.bugeurope.com/essentials/croatian.html [cite]] Also in Serbian, though written in a different alphabet.

==Page 103==

'''por vida''' 
For life.

'''a message from perhaps farther beyond...''' 
Kit may think it another message from the Invisible. Due to his belief in Vectorism?

'''how Mr. Vibe . . . had been left free to behave''' 
The mission given to Walker is to constrain Vibe, who in some sense shares a "karma" with him.

==Page 104==

'''"Tithing," Tesla said, "giving back to the day."''' 
Tesla's contempt for this tithing positions him as—wait for it—against the day.

==Page 105==

'''Jake with me''' 
Fine with me.

'''"not here on the desolate lee shore whose back country is death"''' 
Wonderful, just wonderful...

==Page 107==

Since this is 1899, the Chums should be six years older than they were in Chicago.

'''this era of desuetude''' 
Time when usual rules and customs are not being practiced.

'''midwatch''' 
The time between midnight and 4 a.m. Another naval practice observed by the Chums.

'''A boy . . . under a baggy cap with its bill turned sidewise''' 
I can't identify this as to title or date, but the subject appeared in lithographs that hung in many homes in the first half of the 20th century.

'''Tesla device''' 
A radio. He received a patent for the radio after his death. The transmissions of July 3, 1899 (see Page 97, above) were used as evidence that he should be granted the patent.

:A member of the wiki has pointed out that Tesla recorded thunderstorm observations on that date but did not carry out transmissions.

'''voices . . . difficult to credit with any origin in the material sphere . . . hoarse whispering''' 
Messages coming from a world the Chums don't inhabit? From outside their novel, I suggest, specifically from their author, who is preparing to take over the narration again.

'''Indian Ocean islands of Amsterdam and St.Paul''' 
As noted in the text, Indian Ocean Islands. Both are volcanic in origin. They remain without permanent residents.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul Wikipedia article on St. Paul Island]

'''westerlies''' 
A westerly is a wind that is ''coming from'' the west, not heading toward the west. The Chums must therefore have been somewhere in Europe, Africa or Central Asia at the time.

==Page 108==

'''islets vanished from the nautical charts''' 
Do features really vanish from charts? Could it be that their ''names'' were no longer recorded?

It is possible that some small islands collapse or are eroded, and disappear below the sea, to "rejoin the Invisible".

'''St. Masque''' 
This island's name may have been one of the ones to vanish.

'''huge underground construction''' 
The description calls to mind Boston's "Big Dig," or a bunker such as those built by SAC, NORAD or other military organizations. In particular it brings to mind the Cheyenne Mountain Directorate in Colorado Springs, CO.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne_Mountain]

'''''Megaera''''' 
One of the Greek Furies. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaera [Wikipedia]]

Apparently a real shipwreck as well. [http://www2.xlibris.com/bookstore/book_excerpt.asp?bookid=1535 [Scroll down to St. Paul Island]]

'''four hundred of us made it''' 
The informative page linked in the preceding entry is pretty clear: 330-odd of them made it.

'''"Curious," Chick said.''' 
His register of speech is very different from what we heard in earlier episodes.

==Page 109==

'''the volcano''' 
''Not'' Krakatoa. The Chums are in the middle of the Indian Ocean.

'''antipodal to Colorado Springs''' 
Amsterdam and St. Paul are, to within a few dozen miles, exactly on the opposite side of the Earth to the Springs. Because Tesla's work there wound up early in 1900, the antipodal point could not have held much interest after that. The 1899 dating holds.

'''Chums of Chance Logistical Services''' 
In the whole series of novels this is probably the only mention of CoCLS. All the other books had instruments, weapons, etc., just appear without explanation. "Never questioned, always on time" simply because it's written (or unwritten) that way.

'''mephitically seeping volcano''' 
"Mephitic" means foul-smelling.

'''President McKinley''' 
Since McKinley was assassinated (by an anarchist) in September, 1901, this situates the episode some time between 1899 and 1901.

'''a beach so intensely sunlit as to appear almost colorless''' 
Again an excess of light takes away from the ambience rather than adding to it.

'''blindness at the heart of a diamond''' 
This enigmatic imagery is reflected (no pun intended) in a few references: [http://books.google.com//books?num=100&q=heart.of.a.diamond&as_brr=0 more] 

"where the light came down sifted through so many emerald screens that it was as flawless as the heart of a diamond. " (''Anne of Green Gables'', Chapt. 15, by Lucy Maud Montgomery) 

"It was a singularly sharp night, and clear as the heart of a diamond."'' A Story that is Untrue'' by Ambrose Bierce 

blindness seems not to be a positive with this metaphor. No light, a heart that cannot see. Diamonds = lightlessness.

An important diamond with a blindness at its heart is the one in Wilkie Collins's novel ''The Moonstone'' (1868)([http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/155 Project Gutenberg]). The diamond brings misfortune to his possessor; it is stolen twice early in the novel, and different characters try to regain it. It may be worth noting that, in Collins, a big diamond with a blindless at its heart is worth less than its compounds, if it's cut into pieces.

'''Since his''' (Darby's) '''voice had changed''' 
In three-quarters of a century Tom Swift didn't age half a dozen years. The Chums could not have aged much before ''AtD'' opened, because they weren't very old to begin with. Now the mascotte who sang the treble parts has become an adolescent.

==Page 110==

'''The once cheery mascotte... into a distrust of authority''' 
In this section Darby Suckling looks to be the "punk" of the Chums ala Darby Crash. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darby_Crash Wikipedia]

'''Nihilism''' 
Nihilism comes from the Latin ''nihil'', or nothing. It appears in the verb "annihilate", meaning to bring to nothing, to destroy completely. Nihilism is the belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated. It is often associated with extreme pessimism and a radical skepticism that condemns existence. A true nihilist would believe in nothing, have no loyalties, and no purpose other than, perhaps, an impulse to destroy. Nihilism is most often associated with Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) who argued that its corrosive effects would eventually destroy all moral, religious, and metaphysical convictions and precipitate the greatest crisis in human history. Ivan Turgenev's ''Fathers and Sons'' (1862) popularized ''nihilism'' by his character Bazarov who preached a creed of total negation. In Russia, nihilism became identified with a loosely organized revolutionary movement (1860-1917) that rejected the authority of the state, church, and family. The movement advocated a social arrangement based on rationalism and materialism as the sole source of knowledge, and individual freedom as the highest goal. The movement eventually deteriorated into an ethos of subversion, destruction, and anarchy. And by the late 1870s, a nihilist was anyone associated with clandestine political groups advocating terrorism and assassination. ([http://www.iep.utm.edu/n/nihilism.htm Nihilism]).

'''Platonic polyhedra''' 
In the Timaeus of Plato, the eponymous character claims, in what he calls his "likely story," that the cosmos was created by the gathering of triangles into regular solids which coincide with the four elements: the pyramid (fire), cube (earth), octahedron (air), icosahedron (water), and dodecahedron. The dodecahedron becomes associated with Æther.

'''Clarendons''' 
Clarendon is a serif typeface created in 1845 that was often used for wanted posters in the Old West. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarendon_%28typeface%29 Wikipedia entry, with a sample]

'''FUNDAMENT-SEIZING''' 
Ass-grabbing.

'''"Zumbledy bongbong," [Miles Blundell] called encouragingly, as the food flew. "Vamble, Vamble!"''' 
Miles's odd speech may be an allusion to that of the Muppets' Swedish Chef.

He may also be speaking in tongues, or simply have some sort of apraxia of speech, given these comments and those on the following page.

==Page 111==

'''unmix a failed sauce''' 
There is a folk belief, however, that mayonnaise and other egg-based sauces will separate during a thunderstorm. You can, however, re-mix sauces of this kind that have de-emulsified.

'''time is intrinsic in every recipe''' 
Not whether you bake the pie for 20 minutes or 40. What's intrinsic is that the recipe always takes you forward in time. Start with ground meat, end with a hamburger, never the other way around.

'''"Of the metawarble of blibfloth zep"''' 
Poor Miles' communication problems continue.

'''dog's dinner''' 
Something that is ostentatiously smart [http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/dogs-dinner.html Definition].

'''In the U.S.A., it was almost the Fourth of July''' 
''Inconvenience'' is a day ahead of the U.S., being well west of the International Date Line.

'''noteworthy episodes of military explosion . . . necessary to maintain the integrity of the American homeland''' 
Put the stress on ''military.'' Other explosions achieve different purposes.

'''Explosion without an objective . . . is politics in its purest form''' 
Set this against not only the next entry but also against Drave's aphorism "Remorse without an object is a doorway to deliverance" (p. 39).

'''Haymarket bomb . . . wonders of chemistry''' 
Cf. p. 79, "the widely admired Mexican principle of politics through chemistry."

==Page 112==

'''I wish I knew what they were arguing about''' 
Randolph's consciousness has not been raised, as we used to say in the 1970s.

'''"the nature of the skyrocket's ascent"''' 
Chumps of Choice blog [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2007/01/dance-of-anarchy-and-change.html suggests] that this refers to ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

'''about the trajectories of your own lives''' 
Miles has divined that the Chums have adventures (the display) but also intervals when their movement is unsensed from outside: between the end of one of their novels and the beginning of the next one.

'''"Think, bloviators, think!"''' 
To bloviate means to speak or write at length in a pompous or boastful manner. CoC blog [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2007/01/dance-of-anarchy-and-change.html suggests] that this, coupled with the verbose allusion to ''Gravity's Rainbow'' above, is Pynchon's message to jargony commentators of his work, presumably in academia.

Presumably, us as well

'''By the time ''Inconvenience'' was ready to take once more to the sky''' 
Another damned anticlimax. They travel halfway around the world, Logistical Services puts on a big push to supply the experimental station, and we get ''not one single word'' about any data collected or knowledge gained as a result of Tesla's experiments.

'''President McKinley . . . naked woman . . . National Bird . . . something to eat . . . one of the Platonic polyhedra . . . draped female personage''' 
It is hard to see how the final figurehead choice is a "compromise" among these candidates.

==Page 113==

'''X.O.''' 
In many militaries' units, the executive officer (XO) is the second-in-command, reporting to the commanding officer (CO).

'''"contamination by the secular"''' 
Secular can be defined as "denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis." As the Chums have so far not been overtly religious, perhaps they mean secular in the spiritual sense?

Secular also means "worldly", as in, that which the Chums of Chance are literally above: 113: "That sort of bickering may be for ground people, but it is not for us."

'''Gloymbroognitz thidfusp''' 
Odd. Sounds like something from Adams' ''Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'', but isn't. Anyone?
Famous, surreal Polish writer of the 20th Century, Gombrowitz, Wittold 
Miles is having trouble communicating in words. See p. 110 and 111

'''Surabaya''' 
Today in Indonesia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surabaya Wikipedia entry]

'''"Special Japanese Oyster"''' 
The pearl that comes from this oyster that facilitates communications from the Chums' Upper Hierarchy is a result of Japanese experimentation "a pearl of quite uncommon size and iridescence, seeming indeed to glow
from within" that connects with the red calcite that powers the Q-weapon, as well as Merle's and Bounce's device later in the novel. [[Q-weapon and Photography|Read on...]]

==Page 114==

'''Nernst lamps''' An early incandescent lamp invented by Hermann Nernst (1864-1941), which made use of a heated ceramic rod to produce light in ambient air (in contrast to Edison's incandescent, which required a vacuum to operate).

'''Dr. Mikimoto (Kokichi)''' Produced the first cultured pearl in 1893 in Toba, Japan. As he left school at 13 to help support his family, any Doctorate he may have obtained must have been honorary.

And the Japanese:

:Through a highly secret technical process, developed in Japan at around the same time Dr. Mikimoto was producing his first cultured pearls, portions of the original aragonite which made up the nacreous layers of the pearl had, through “induced paramorphism,” as it was known to the artful sons of Nippon, been selectively changed here and there to a different form of calcium carbonate namely, to microscopic crystals of the doubly-refracting calcite known as Iceland spar.

And remember that Baz Zaharoff, on [[ATD_892-918#Page 906|page 906]], is headed to Japan because:

:"it’s ''they'' who want to sell ''him'' something, you see. Everyone’s being ever so dark about it. The item doesn’t even have a name anyone agrees on, except for a Q in it somewhere I think. Something they came into possession of a few years ago and now have up for sale on most attractive terms, almost as if..."

More about the Q-weapon on [[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1037|p. 1037]]...

'''Iceland Spar''' 
"Spar," in mineralogy: a transparent or translucent light-colored crystalline mineral, usually readily cleaved and somewhat lustrous; e.g. Iceland spar (calcite) . . . . (paraphrased from Bates & Jackson, ''Glossary of Geology,'' 2nd ed.)

See this handy "About Geology" page [http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blcalcite.htm], with an illustration demonstrating a spar's double-refraction effect on printed letters--remarkably like that on the cover of ATD! This kind of calcite has rhombohedral cleavage, because each of its faces is a rhombus, a warped rectangle in which none of the corners are square. Is each of the rectangular pages of ATD then a warped cleavage from some sort of crystalline whole, refracting its text in several directions at once? Of course, to the Chums the text message they receive from Upper Hierarchy has but one simple meaning. "Paramorphism" = the structural alteration of a mineral without any change in its external form or chemical composition.

And look at this too, how to make Iceland Spar animations:
[http://images.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgmay04/dwd/dwf1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artmay04/dwjpegcyc.html&h=300&w=400&sz=15&hl=it&start=12&tbnid=NQMhCqiW1apqNM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bspar%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dit]

'''divided into two separate rays, termed "ordinary" and "extraordinary" 
In the optics lab, physics students split a laser beam into two rays, which impinge on an object and are reflected onto a photographic plate, generating a hologram. The Japanese here anticipate the process, using the differently polarized rays (split by the Iceland spar) instead of laser light and replacing the plate with minute crystals in the pearl. The idea of three-dimensional holography and data storage in solid crystals would not resurface until the 1950s or 60s.

'''the limitless mischief of pearls''' 
A book's worth of superstitions exist around pearls. Pearls bring tears. The bride must wear pearls. The bride who wears pearls will be unhappy. If your pearl loses its luster, you are about to die. A pearl dissolved in wine is a poison. A pearl dissolved in wine is a love potion.

'''get up buoyancy''' 
A surface ship "gets up steam" in preparation for departure. Another naval or nautical analog.

'''Etienne-Louis Malus''' 
1775-1812, a French officer and mathematician whose work was predominantly concerned with light. He studied ray systems, and his theory on polarisation was published in 1809. His theory of the double refraction of light in crystals was published in 1810. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etienne-Louis_Malus Wikipedia] Malus is also the genus of the apple. Malus is best known for his law describing intensity of light as it passes through polarized materials. There are delicious metaphorical implications for any reader of a Pynchon novel.

'''pearls''' 
Probably meant to contrast the "blindness at the heart of a diamond" referred to on p. 109. Pynchon may want to call to mind ''The Scarlet Letter'', in which Pearl, the child produced by the union of the protagonist, Hester Prynne, and the Rev. Dimsdale, becomes a symbol of beauty derived from sin (there, and likely here, represented by the grain of sand around which the pearl forms).

'''Dr. Alden Vormance''' "
Vormance's surname may be meant to combine "Romance" and "worm," calling to mind the Romantic exuberance that motivated 19th century exploratory expeditions as well as the serpent of the Biblical expulsion story. 
Another Pynchonian "V" name and we know what Pynchon thinks of "Romantic exuberance". See GR, at least. And a remark in ATD [to find]. 
Alternatively, Vormance may be a conflation of the German prefix ''vor-'' (meaning "forward") with the -mancy combining form (e.g. necromancy) meaning prophecy--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 12:38, 11 February 2007 (PST)

'''a strong presumption of Bad Taste''' 
The Chums seek to avoid this accusation just as Peter Pan tries to avert Captain Hook's taunt, "Bad form." The phrase occurs in J.M. Barrie's novel ''Peter Pan'' (''Peter and Wendy''), possibly also in the stage version, and again in the movie ''Hook.''

==Page 115==
'''(Johannes) Kepler''' 
(1571-1630), mathematician best known for his laws of planetary motion, one of the foundations of Isaac Newton's theory of gravity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler Wikipedia]

'''Edmond Halley''' 
1656-1742, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Halley Halley] was an English physical scientist most remembered for the comet he which he predicted would return. In 1692 he proposed that the earth was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_Earth hollow]. In 1698 he departed on a two year voyage as captain of the HMS Paramore in order to measure variations in the Earth's magnetic field. In 1716 he suggested timing the transit of Venus to determine the distance between the earth and the sun.

'''(Leonhard) Euler''' 
The method of traverse (pun ignored) by which the Chums proceed became known as a Symmes' Hole after John Cleeves Symmes who, in 1818 circulated a pamphlet arguing for the existence of such holes in the polar regions and further volunteered to lead an expedition to said regions.

Symmes' following lecture tours were further carried forth by one J.N. Reynolds. "[Edgar Allen] Poe is said to have repeatedly called out the name "Reynolds" on the night before his death, though no one has ever been able to identify the person to whom he referred." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_allen_poe Edgar Allen Poe's] first published short story, "Ms. Found in a Bottle" (1833) took, as its premise, the existence of Symmes' Holes: theoretical holes in the polar areas which led to a hollow interior.

:Research has its charms, but so does mindless surfing. [http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/2007/03/ This blog] presents a map of the Earth inside the Earth, complete with Shambhala. The layout unfortunately doesn't fit the ''AtD'' account, but it's quite funny.

'''the great portal . . . ''noticeably smaller''''' 
Unrelieved light is unendurable; the entry into the Earth offers shadow, but the region of shelter has shrunk. Unrelieved ultraviolet light is deadly; the "ozone layer" in the atmosphere serves as protection, but the cover has shrunk—particularly in the Antarctic—as the "ozone hole" has grown larger. A small parallel, but it forwards the theme a little.

==Page 116==

'''vatic''' 
Prophetic. [http://dictionary.reference.com/wordoftheday/archive/2004/10/21.html [def]]

'''this is a self-protective reflex''' 
In his mystical phase Miles proves to be a believer in [http://www.ecolo.org/lovelock/ James Lovelock's "Gaia."]

'''the ship's nitro-lycopodium engines''' 
''Inconvenience'' has gone through a major refit, apparently: no more hydrogen power. Lycopodium consists of spores from a club moss, usually ''Lycopodium clavatum.'' It is a highly flammable yellowish powder. Photographers used it for flash illumination. In principle, an internal combustion engine can run on a powdered fuel, though difficulties abound in practice. The "nitro" part is a puzzle; nitromethane (called "nitro" or, in drag racing, simply "fuel") seems the most obvious reference. Do the ship's engines use a slurry of lycopodium in nitromethane? That would be a tricky fuel to handle. 
I don't think "nitro" refers to a particular, separate substance. The prefix nitro- indicates a substance whose molecules have the group NO2 attached to them. The oxygen in this group is easily released, with the result that nitro-compounds usually burn very rapidly and intensely, effectively having their own internal oxygen supply. Strictly the prefix should be applied to well defined molecular species such as nitromethane, nitrobenzene, etc, etc. However it is also used for complex biological substances treated with a nitrating agent such as nitric acid: nitrocotton (gun cotton) is a common example. Pynchon has probably invented nitro-lycopodium as a plausible though non-existent propellant, in the fashion we're accustomed to seeing with him.--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 06:57, 11 February 2007 (PST)

'''night-glass''' 
Telescopes and binoculars are described by their magnifying power (say 7X) and the diameter of their objective lens or "pupil" (say 35 mm). For many years 7X35 binoculars were a practical compromise for field use (army issue, etc.), but these were useless at night because they could not collect enough light. "Night" binoculars might be 7X50 or even larger. Similarly, a night-glass is a telescope with an oversized lens in front.

'''electrical sound-magnifier''' 
What would come to be called an ''amplifier'' in post-Chums times.

'''human timbres and rhythms, not speech so much as music''' 
Again the "choir" image as on [[ATD_1-25#Page_19|page 19.]]

==Page 117==

'''bolts of intense greenish light''' 
Hmm, the Chums are getting the same view of this war as America got of the "Shock and Awe" campaign in Baghdad.

'''the byzantine politics of the region''' 
Byzantine: fiendishly complicated, from ''Byzantium,'' the name of the city that would later become Constantinople and later again Istanbul.

'''royal court of Chthonica''' 
The adjective ''chthonic'' means "of the earth" or "of the underworld" and is often used to refer to the gods and other entities residing under the surface of the earth. The adjective is used creatively, and most famously, in the fictional works of H.P. Lovecraft ... a chief deity of his ficitional universe being Cthulhu.

'''Plutonia''' 
[http://www.trussel.com/prehist/plutonia.htm "Plutonia"] is the title of a novel written by Russian geologist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Obruchev "Vladimir Obruchev"], published in 1915. According to [http://www.sfsite.com/fsf/2000/cur0002.htm "here"], it's a hollow-earth story.

The "Plutonist" movement, as opposed to the "Neptunist", was quite in vogue in the late 1800s, being a theory of geography which held that the interior heat of the earth was somehow responsible for various geological processes.

'''Tunbridge Wells''' 
[http://www.icons.org.uk/nom/nominations/disgusted-of-tunbridge-wells "Disgusted of Tunbridge Wells"] is an archetypal figure of conservative England whose correspondence can be found frequently in newspapers railing at the latest outrages of modernity. Tunbridge Wells briefly features in Gravity's Rainbow.

On whether this and the subterranean adventure may allude to ''Gravity's Rainbow,'' see [[Talk:ATD_97-118|Discussion]].

'''my harmless little intraterrestrial scherzo''' 
Once again, the unseen narrator appears. By inference, the narrator is also the author of the various ''Chums of Chance...'' books referenced in ATD. This episode's also a little ''inter-textual'' scherzo: Poe (''Arthur Gordon Pym''), Jules Verne, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_the_Earth%27s_Core_%28novel%29 Edgar Rice Burroughs and Pelucidar], ''Star Trek'', Indiana Jones and the Hollow Earth... and Jeremiah Dixon's own underground journey in M&D. Doesn't Chick Counterfly sound rather Spockian here (cf. 115, bottom)?

==Page 118==

'''a tiny circle of brightness far ahead''' 
Literally "the light at the end of the tunnel," a metaphor used repeatedly, and to no good effect, by American political leaders starting some weeks after the beginning of the Vietnam War.

'''a tricky bit of steering''' 
If you emerge at the North Pole, every way you steer is south, so ''which'' south will take you to the rendezvous?

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-02-22T13:04:26Z

Phidre: /* Page 743 */ Italian terms

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy.

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
Francesco Squarcione (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione].

'''On the Banks''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs"

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination.

==Page 728==

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on page 623 (annotations).

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids"

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "bar"

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit"

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
Alexander Berkmann, also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman]. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

==Page 738==

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way"

==Page 739==
'''''La macchina infernale''''' 
"Infernal machine"; a (particularly 19th century) term for explosive devices used for terrorist attacks. The most famous example is "La conspiration de la machine infernale", or "Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise", an assassination plot against Napoleon that failed in 1800
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_Rue_Saint-Nicaise wikipedia]).

'''bad news rolling up the rails''' 
cf p. 41: "Most people have a wheel riding on a wire, or some rails in the street [...], to keep them moving in the direction of their destiny". Inevitability?

==Page 740==
'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm]

==Page 741==

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

==Page 742==

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
???

==Page 743==
'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Main Entry: rec·ti·fi
Inflected Form(s): -fied; -fy·ing
Etymology: Middle English rectifien, from Anglo-French rectifier, from Medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus right -- more at RIGHT
1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST <rectify the calendar>
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonym see CORRECT
- rec·ti·fi·ca·tion /"rek-t&-f&-'kA-sh&n/ noun--Amer Heritage Dictionary

Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

'''''foschia''''' 
Italian: "haze"

==Page 745==
'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1)in buying and selling for profit. 2. To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: Giorgio de Chirico's painting: ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)'', dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-02-22T12:42:08Z

Phidre: /* Page 742 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy.

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
Francesco Squarcione (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione].

'''On the Banks''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs"

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination.

==Page 728==

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on page 623 (annotations).

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids"

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "bar"

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit"

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
Alexander Berkmann, also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman]. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

==Page 738==

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way"

==Page 739==
'''''La macchina infernale''''' 
"Infernal machine"; a (particularly 19th century) term for explosive devices used for terrorist attacks. The most famous example is "La conspiration de la machine infernale", or "Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise", an assassination plot against Napoleon that failed in 1800
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_Rue_Saint-Nicaise wikipedia]).

'''bad news rolling up the rails''' 
cf p. 41: "Most people have a wheel riding on a wire, or some rails in the street [...], to keep them moving in the direction of their destiny". Inevitability?

==Page 740==
'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm]

==Page 741==

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

==Page 742==

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
???

==Page 743==
'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Main Entry: rec·ti·fi
Inflected Form(s): -fied; -fy·ing
Etymology: Middle English rectifien, from Anglo-French rectifier, from Medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus right -- more at RIGHT
1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST <rectify the calendar>
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonym see CORRECT
- rec·ti·fi·ca·tion /"rek-t&-f&-'kA-sh&n/ noun--Amer Heritage Dictionary

Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

==Page 745==
'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1)in buying and selling for profit. 2. To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: Giorgio de Chirico's painting: ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)'', dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 557-587

2007-02-22T12:33:57Z

Phidre: /* Page 576 */ Canaletto

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 557==

'''Viktor Mulciber''' 
Well, no benign associations with "Mulciber"! Mulciber is an alternative name of the Roman god Vulcan, the god of fire and volcanoes, and the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, and armor for gods and heroes. Mulciber is also the name of a character in John Milton's ''Paradise Lost'', the architect of the demon city of Pandemonium. In the Harry Potter books, Mulciber is a Death Eater, a minor Dark Wizard.

'''bespoke''' 
made to order, hence hand-made and expensive. Somewhere in the novel is a reference to 1 Savile Row, the address of Gieves and Hawkes, a very traditional English tailor.

'''Basil Zaharoff''' 
Sir Basil Zaharoff, originally Zacharias Basileios, (1849, Muğla, Turkey - 1936, Monte Carlo, Monaco) was a Greek arms trader and financier, the director and chairman of the Vickers munitions firm during World War I [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaharoff_Basil]. He also turns up as an international arms dealer in Reilly, Ace of Spies.

'''trains of history... run''' 
Karl Marx, in ''Das Kapital'', referred to wars as the "express trains of history" because they can spark societal or national crises, marking a historical turning point, and they can release economic, social, and moral forces of unforeseen power and dimensions, making any return to the status quo impossible.
Also notice TRP's steady referencing of 'railroads' in a negative way.

'''Q-weapon''' 
Possible allusion to Professor Kokintz's "Q-bomb" in ''The Mouse That Roared'' (1959) or to James Bond's master armorer Q. It could also be an allusion to the character "Q" in Star Trek. The name "Q" is also shared by other members of the Q Continuum. Q is a mischievous omnipotent being who has taken an interest in humans. He also has a flair for the dramatic, with a mercurial personality that switches between a joking, camp style and a more ominous and even dangerous manner. While he is boastful, condescending and threatening, he arguably has humanity's best interests at heart. In the episode "The Q and the Gray" (''Star Trek: Voyager'' - 3rd season), Q weapons are provided to the crew of the Voyager to free Q and Janeway, who have been captured by rebels. [http://www.answers.com/topic/the-q-and-the-grey Synopsis]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(Star_Trek) Wikipedia]

'''Balkan ''komitadji''''' 
Originally, members of the rebel gangs ("committees"), controlled from Sofia, who made forays into Macedonia, the chief object of Bulgarian expansionism before WWI. The word was also commonly used for Serbian irregular fighters.

:See this slightly different [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komitadji Komitadji].

'''waybill''' 
Ancestor of what Fedex and UPS call "shipping document"; it identifies the article shipped and contains necessary addresses and instructions.

'''metamorphosed into an American Negro''' 
Cf honorary Negro (Frank above).

'''Nipponese''' 
Japanese

'''peach''' 
Plum, actually.

'''Hertzian''' 
Electromagnetic waves, first demonstrated by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz Heinrich Hertz] (Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318:Hertz]]).

'''they cannot strictly . . . longitudinal as well as transverse''' 
Hertz's theory and Maxwell's equations describe ''transverse'' waves in which the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of travel; no longitudinal waves--with vibrations parallel to the direction of travel--are permitted. In air, sound waves are longitudinal; what's suggested here is a new wave that does not fit the Hertz-Maxwell paradigm.

==Page 558==

'''scalar part''' 
Quaternion equivalent of the real part. 
Time is a scaler term.

'''baritone in a barbershop quartet''' 
[http://www.barbershop.org/web/groups/public/documents/pages/pub_id_000827.hcsp Quote]:Technically speaking, barbershop harmony is a style of unaccompanied singing with three voices harmonizing to the melody. The lead usually sings the melody, with the tenor harmonizing above the lead. The bass sings the lowest harmonizing notes and the baritone provides in-between notes, either above or below the lead to make chords (specifically, dominant-type or "barbershop" sevenths) that give barbershop its distinctive, "full" sound.

'''viola in a string quartet''' 
Two violins, a viola, and a violoncello make up a string quartet. The viola is between the others in pitch and is generally considered to have been given the least interesting parts in Classical and Romantic music for string quartet.

'''Further Term''' 
The three parts of a quaternion that are multiples of '''i''', '''j''' and '''k''' (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525: Quaternions]].)

'''the fulfiller of the Trinity''' 
the name of the first atom bomb detonated at Los Alamos. Alluded to earlier as the "Anti-Stone" (Webb and Merle, p.78). The origin of the name Trinity for this event is uncertain. It is commonly thought that Robert Oppenheimer provided the name, which would seem logical, but even this is not definitely known. A leading theory is that Oppenheimer did select it, and that he did so with reference to the divine Hindu trinity of Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer). Oppenheimer had an avid interest in Sanskrit literature (which he had taught himself to read), and following the Trinity test is reported to have recited a passage from the Bhagavad-Gita that is quoted earlier in this wiki. 

The usage of the Tibetan Mount Kailash, the holy dwelling place of Shiva, God of destruction and regeneration, on p. 437 seems to support this.

Also, a religious allusion to the three-person Godhead in Christian theology. 
Also, third ATD meaning!, a college in Dublin mentioned on page 560.

Also,"the Destroyer, the fulfiller of the trinity" recalls the Destroyer on page 154, the meteorite, and thus relates ''that'' passage to the Anti-Stone.

Also, in Jungian Psychology the 'fulfiller' of the trinity, making it a complete four-aspect entity, is the 'shadow', or traditionally, the devil (the force always excluded and seen as bad in Christian theology). Cf. C. G. Jung, "Versuch einer psychologischen Deutung des Trinitätsdogmas", Gesammelte Werke 11, especially p.179-94. Interestingly, Jung uses the term 'quaternarisch' for this. More Q-talk, then.

'''the pulselessness of salvation''' 
salvation lies outside of time?

'''A weapon based on Time''' 
Time is why there is entropy, that key Pynchonian term. Pynchon has created a brilliant metaphor that uses the concept uniquely.

'''laterite''' 
A mineral structure formed by erosion, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laterite Wikipedia]. Laterite is typically rich in metal oxides and poor in organic matter.

'''Ostend''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Ostend]]. Ostend (Dutch: Oostende, French & German: Ostende) is a Belgian municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It comprises the villages of Mariakerke, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest at the Belgian coast. Wikipedia.

'''Inner Boulevards''' 
streets in Brussels."In spite of the competition of the Central or Inner Boulevards, the Montagne de la Cour still remains the principal street for shopping in Brussels." "Brussels", Antiques Digest, 1904.

'''Gare du Midi''' 
The largest railway station in Brussels and a haunt of prostitutes.

'''Edouard Gevaert''' 
(No ligature?)

==Page 559==

'''Krupp field-piece''' 
The Krupps are an ancient German family, famous for making weapons. A field-piece is a light-cannon.

'''vaguely glandular''' 
Describes Belgium, it seems.

'''''ostinato''''' 
A continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm.

'''poleaxed''' 
Stunned, brought to a mental standstill. (I believe a poleaxe was used in slaughterhouses. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 11:31, 3 January 2007 (PST))

'''lost to silence''' 
(Not silent, or very?)Very

==Page 560==

'''Wellington Hippodrome''' 
A race track in Ostend. (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 528|page 528:Hippodrome]].)

'''Estacade''' 
???

'''''mousmée... mouchard''' 
French: a young Japanese woman; a police spy.

'''always lead an irregular life''' 
Cf GR.

'''Maria Bayley Hamilton''' 
???
Hamilton's wife !!!

'''council meeting''' 
???

==Page 561==

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
It was on this site that the [[H#hamilton|mathematician William Rowan Hamilton]], in a flash of genius, came upon the formula for Quaternions and scratched it into the stone of the bridge.

About the bridge, the carving, photos of them, a couple of mathematicians' impression of the bridge, etc, see [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/octonions/node24.html Brougham Bridge].

'''on the stone''' 
The bridge is evidently a stone bridge. Stone, a natural thing, is a good for Pynchon. Hamilton's action is metaphorically a deeply religious moment. "Pentecostal" wherein the Quaternions 'descend' to earth [in the thoughts of men].

'''''i² = j² = k² = ijk = –1''''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Quaternion]].

'''Pentecostal''' 
Pentecost (< Greek πεντηκοστή [ἡμέρα], pentekostē [hēmera], "the fiftieth day") is the fiftieth day after Easter Sunday, which corresponds to the tenth day after Ascension Thursday. It is a feast in the Christian liturgical calendar — symbolically related to the Jewish festival of Shavuot — that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and the followers of Jesus on that day, as described in the Book of Acts, Chapter 2. Pentecost is also called "Whitsunday" (deriving from "Wit Sunday") in UK and other English-speaking areas.

Almost needless to say, the Pentecostal revelation is what is supposed to happen at the end of "Lot 49".

'''official Mischief Opportunity''' 
like 'shore leave', it seems. To leave the rules of the Organization and create mischief.

'''absinthe spoons''' 
absinthe spoons have slits whereon are placed sugar cubes through which one pours the absinthe

'''cravats''' 
A cravat is the neckband forerunner of the modern, tailored necktie. From the end of the 16th century, the term "band" applied to any long-strip neckcloth that was not a "ruff"; the ruff—a starched, pleated white linen strip—started its fashion career earlier in the 16th century as neckcloth that could be changed-a-fresh to keep the neck of a doublet from becoming too-soiled or as a bib or a napkin. A "band" could indicate a plain, attached shirt collar or a detachable "falling band" that draped over the doublet collar.
Necktie fashions have changed over time.The modern cravat originated in the 1630s.

'''"four-door farce"''' 
(See eg Bogdanovich's "What's Up, Doc?")
This is also a pun on the name of Georges Feydeau, French writer of farces who was writing when Pynchon's novel is set. One of the recurring physical jokes involves sets with many doors and people coming in and out, just missing each other....

==Page 562==

'''Minque''' 
the fish auction house.

'''Bruges''' 
A city about 18 miles east of Ostende, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Bruges]].

'''Ghent''' 
A city about 40 miles southeast by east from Ostend, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Ghent]].

'''carillons... carilloneur''' 
bells...bellringer

'''Hanseatic''' 
The Hansa or Hanseatic League (definitely a creation of "the Christian North," next paragraph) was a great mercantile system that held itself above national rule.

'''burghers''' 
middle-class married men

'''silted up''' 
backed up, underwater, with mud; i.e. neglected, because replaced by railroads. -As it silted up "back in the 1400s" we can safely exclude the influence of railroads.

'''Damme and Sluis''' 
Port cities near Bruges, heavily dependent on them from the 14th Century. 
See [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/communities/damme.htm Damme] and [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/arounddamme/sluis.htm Sluis]. For an overview map, showing cannals, roads etc, of the general area around Bruges-Damme-Sluis see [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/maps/generaloverview.htm Bruges-Damme-Sluis]

==Page 563==

'''trusted his intuitiveness''' 
Woevre is a natural killer.

'''''"Jou moerskont!"''... Afrikaans''' 
Possibly "you horse's ass"? --More likely something like "mother's cunt".

==Page 564==

'''voices of everyone he had ever put to death had been ... scored for some immense choir''' 
A possible reference to ''Star Wars'': Obi-wan experiences the obliteration of an entire planet as "a great disturbance in the Force, as if millions of voices suddenly cried out in terror and were suddenly silenced." [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076759/quotes]

Also another potentially time-less event, all of Woevre's murders collapsed into a single moment.

'''''Voetsak''''' 
Dutch or Afrikaans, "Go away!", also spelled "voertsek" or "voetsek"

'''starers''' 
Those who stared at Kit earlier.

'''tobacco-stricken''' 
A smoker's deep or gritty voice.

'''half-silvering''' 
A design for an optical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_splitter beam splitter] that causes half of the incident light to be transmitted and the other half to be reflected.

'''the fatal number four—to a Japanese mind''' 
Japanese character for number "four" has the same pronunciation as that of character "death". 
Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 258|page 258:Jampanese character for "four"]].

'''four cusps... index-surface''' 
???

'''co-conscious''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 527|page 527:co-conscious]]. Repeat here: "mental processes outside the main stream of consciousness but sometimes available to it - from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary."

Third use, I think. Who/what is co-conscious here? (First time, page 478; then page 527.)

Could it be the dimly perceived consciousness of one's double in the adjacent, alternate world? Or one's consciousness of that world?

==Page 565==

'''true icosahedron''' 
Probably an regular icosahedron, where the sides are formed by 20 equilateral triangles. For a picture see [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Icosahedron.html Icosahedron].

'''12+8... pyrites''' 
Pyrite crystals form a structure that can be decomposed into unit cells that contain (part of) 12 sulphur atoms and 8 iron atoms.

'''Riemann sphere''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_sphere Wikipedia]

'''Felix Klein''' 
German mathematician ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Klein Wikipedia])

'''ebonite''' 
An early plastic([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebonite Wikipedia])

'''Ohmic Drift''' 
ohm = : the practical meter-kilogram-second unit of electric resistance equal to the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampere

'''speed of the earth . . . kinetic energy''' 
Einstein in 1905 showed most of this argument to be nonsense, but if Lorentz's paper is still recent (next entry) the shift in thinking may not have happened yet. 
:Since the earth's mean orbital speed ( ~ 30 km/s) is rather small in comparison with the speed of light ( ~ 300,000 km/s), no relativistic correction is needed in calculating earth's orbital kinetic energy. And in a reference frame anchored on the Sun, the earth's kinetic eneregy, ''E = ½ m v²'', where ''m'' is the earth mass and ''v'' it's orbital speed, still holds. Einstein showed only that it is no longer true against the nonexistent stationary ''æther''. Of course, it is irrelevant to an earthbound weapon tried to make use of this energy against a person who is standing on the earth.

'''Recently Lorentz's paper''' 
Lorentz's 1904 "Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity less than that of light" ([http://www.soso.ch/wissen/hist/SRT/L-1904.pdf PDF])

'''Lorentz . . . Fitzgerald . . . along the axis of motion''' 
It was the phenomenon of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, together with the abolition of the æther by Michelson and Morley, that led Einstein to his theory of special relativity.
:Michelson and Morley did NOT abolish the æther. Their experiement (1887), attempting to detect the light speed change due to the effect of the æther wind, was a total failure, and they could not explain the negative result.

:The Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis was proposed to explain the "null" result of the Michelson-Morley experiment but still keeping the æther. (see paragraph 8 of Lorentz's 1904 paper above). Lorentz considered the contraction was not physically real but a device to explain the Michelson-Morley experiment. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_Fitzgerald_contraction_hypothesis Lorentz_Fitzgerald Contraction]).

:Einstein (1905) derived the Lorentz contraction directly, without assuming the existence of the æther, from the ''Principle of Relativity'' (ie different observers moving at a constant speed with respect to each other find the laws of physics to be identical and find the speed of light to be the same), and proved that Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis had been "ad-hoc". And Einstein explain the failure of Michelson-Morley experiment by abolishing the æther !

'''Lord Rayleigh''' 
British physicist ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Rayleigh Wikipedia])

==Page 566==

'''In a dream...''' 

This passage, describing Kit's dream of Umeki and the message it conveys, pulls together many of the main themes of ''Against the Day'', tying things together in a way that Pynchon seldom does, almost as if he's providing a rather large piece of the puzzle to help the reader understand the novel:

"Deep among the equations describing the behavor of light, field equations, Vector and Quaternion equations, lies a set of directions, an intinerary, a map to a hidden space. Double refraction appears again and again as a key element, permitting a view into a Creation set just to the side of this one, so close as to overlap, where the membrane between the worlds, in many places, has become too frail, too permeable, for safety.... Within the mirror, with the scalar term, within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark intinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist."

This is rather a good description of ''AtD'' itself. It is a (inevitably) "corrupted pilgrim's guide", but is the guide corrupted, or the pilgrim?

'''analogies''' 
(Pynchonian heuristics.)

'''the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first''' 
Cf. p. 436 '''holy pilgrimages. One defines a destination, proceeds through a series of stations...

'''lightless uncreated''' 
(Gnostic heresy?)

'''stuffed sinus''' 
sinus/nasal congestion. It is like looking out onto a new world when one's sinus finally clears after days of congestion.

'''''Konichiwa''''' 
Japanese greeting

==Page 567==

'''new Puccini opera''' 
Obviously, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Butterfly Madame Butterfly]

'''[Americans] can't ever die of shame''' 
shameless, unlike the Japanese

'''Kimura-san''' 
Kimura ( "tree village") is the 18th most common Japanese surname.
-san is used as a courtesy title in Japanese-speaking areas as a suffix to the given name, surname, or title of the person being addressed, regardless of age or gender: Yamamoto san; sensei-san. 
Chimera-san?

'''Borel-Clerc... "La Matchiche"''' 
Popular vaudeville song from 1903. "La Matchiche" is French for the Brazilian dance Maxixe.

'''western anchor''' 
What about France, Spain, Portugal? Belgium is a port country with a highly developed transportation system into all of these countries. .....it was the first country to industrialize in Europe....Wikipedia.

In addition, Ostend is the westernmost port. It remains today a major Continental ferry terminus for North Sea crossings, including the fastest surface route, the hydrofoil.

'''the Orient Express''' 
The first [http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r045.html Orient Express] (1883-1914), connecting the English Channel with the Black Sea, is one of the most famous trains in Europe. It ran from Calais and Paris to Bucharest (Romania), passing through Strasbourg (France), Munich (Germany), Vienna (Austria), Bratislava (Czechoslovakia), Budapest (Hungary). From Bucharest it went through Bulgaria and then, by ferry, to Istanbul of Turkey. The original Orient Express was operated by Compaignie Internationale des Wagons-Lits. Ever since the original Orient Express started operation, the name has become synonymous with luxury travel. After World I there were various railway routes had the name of Orient Express. The current one is from Paris to Vienna, to be discontinue on June 9, 2007.

'''the Trans-Siberian''' 
The [http://www.transsib.ru/Eng/history-phases.htm Trans-Siberian] is a railway route connecting Moscow (Europe) to Vladivostok (Far East Asia). Taking a journey by the Trans-Siberian Railway has long been considered an experience with mythological proportions. It is the longest continuous rail line on earth - about 6,000 miles over one third of the globe. In 1891, Czar Alexander III drew up planes for the Trans-Siberian and initiated its construction, and a more or less continuous route was completed in 1905. It took many more years to make the route smoothly operative.

'''the Berlin-to-Baghdad''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Railway Berlin-Baghdad (also Basra) Railway] was the route of German's expansion from Europe to the Persian Gulf, from which trade goods and supplies could be directly exchanged with the farthest of the German colonies and the world. It could also supply German industry directly with oil. Its conception (1888) and completion a couple of years later engendered great opposition from Russia, France and England as part of the "Great Game".

'''Compaignie Internationale des Wagons-Lits''' 
"International Sleeping-Car Company", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlson_Wagonlit Wikipedia]

'''two hundred francs''' 
"None of that, Hakkabut. Hold your tongue." And, turning to Rosette, the captain said, "If, sir, I understand right, you require some silver five-franc pieces for your operation?"
"Forty," said Rosette, surlily.
"Two hundred francs!" whined Hakkabut.-- On a Comet, Jules Verne

'''theory of sets''' 
Set theory is the mathematical theory of sets, which represent collections of abstract objects. It encompasses the everyday notions, introduced in primary school, of collections of objects, and the elements of, and membership in, such collections. In most modern mathematical formalisms, set theory provides the language in which mathematical objects are described. It is (along with logic and the predicate calculus) one of the axiomatic foundations for mathematics, allowing mathematical objects to be constructed formally from the undefined terms of "set" and "set membership". It is in its own right a branch of mathematics and an active field of mathematical research. Wikipedia 
:The members of a set can be, say, [Mike, Mary, Jack, Richard, Ron, Umeki, . . . . . .], the employees of a company, or the passengers of the train leaving the station; they need NOT be abstract. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 535|page 525:set theory]].

'''Bruges Canal''' 
Belgium: Bruges canal. For a picture of the canal see [http://cruises.about.com/library/pictures/baltic/blbruges19.htm Bruges Canal].

==Page 568==

'''vaporetto''' 
A Venetian water-bus.

'''Grand Canal''' 
The main canal that runs through the heart of Venice and down past San Marco, the city's main square.

'''San Marco end''' 
See above. This is where Florian's (appears in the novel) is situated.

'''Piazzetta''' 
??? A small piazza. The large square in front of St Mark's is the Piazza San Marco. The smaller side square running beside the Piazza Ducale down to the canal is the Piazzetta San Marco.

'''San Giorgio Maggiore''' 
A rather over-ornate church on the Grand Canal opposite San Marco.

'''spreading... cloak''' 
Cliche/allusion?

'''live here forever''' 
Pynchon special-pleading that Dally isn't just another tourist.
Or is this just a typical reaction of the tourist? And a Pynchonesque longing for home?

'''Teatro Verdi in Trieste''' 
A 1200+ seat theatre built in late-eighteenth century in Trieste for classical music, opera and ballet ([http://selectitaly.com/events.php?product_id=27&city_id=122 Teatro Verdi]). With its stately columns, elaborate adornments and lush elegance it is rather an unlikely venue for magic show. Another unlikely venue for magic show is Teatro Malibran in Venice (next page).

==Page 569==

'''Malibran... Polo's house''' 
The Teatro Malibran, built at the site of Marco Polo's house, which was destroyed in 1596.
:It is still there ! Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page 355|page 355:Teatro Malibran]] and the external link (for photos, etc) listed there.

'''"pincette" pass''' 
Probably from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pincer_movement pincer movement] of military strategy.
:Professor Hoffman's ''Modern Magic'' (1876) describes three "passes with coins," La Pincette, Le Tourniquet and La Coulée. Amazon has the book for sale if anyone wants to look up the details.

'''profondes''' 
"Large pockets in tail coats which can be used for vanishes or productions", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conjuring_terms Wikipedia]

'''Vincenzo Miserere''' 
??? Misero means poor, pitiful, miserable, etc. Psalm 51 (sometimes numbered as 50) is known as the Miserere because it begins (in Latin) Miserere mei Deus (Have mercy on me, God).

'''train to Trieste''' 
???Venice and Trieste are on the opposite sides (about 70 miles apart) of the same gulf : Gulf of Venice. Taking a train from Venice to Trieste would mean taking a route several times lengthier than a ferry.

'''Svegli''' 
The fictional professor's name comes from the Italian ''sveglio'' for "clever, dextrous, skillful."

'''shark leather''' 
Different from sharkskin?

'''''Specchiere''''' 
Mirror-maker

'''glassmakers on Murano''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murano Wikipedia]

'''today''' 
When is that?

'''''guaglion''''' 
??? (It first appeared on page 531).

==Page 570==

'''another one of his stories''' 
(Jackson Pynchon should highlight all the AtD passages that originated as bedtime stories.)

'''TERAPIA''' 
Italian, "therapy"

'''San Servolo''' 
An island in the Venetian archipelago, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo Wikipedia], [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=45.418654+N,+12.35698+E&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=45.418651,12.35698&spn=0.006891,0.010793&t=k&om=1&iwloc=addr Google Maps]

'''Palazzo Ducale''' 
The Ducal Palace in Venice, residence of the Doge. It's by San Marco.

'''''manicomio''''' 
Italian, "madhouse"

'''''paramorfico''''' 
???

'''uterine vellum''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellum Vellum] produced from the skin of an unborn calf

'''pitch, rouge''' 
Products used in the grinding of lenses and mirrors.

==Page 571==

'''La Doppiatrice''' 
Italian: the Doubler.

Perhaps an analogue of the diffraction grating that splits the electron into two "alternate" electrons in Schrodinger's thought experiment on quantum effects, source here of a sort of human quantum splitting, an alternate universe creator.

'''Ettore Sananzolo''' 
???

'''Maskelyne cabinet''' 
After Neville Maskelyne, from ''Mason and Dixon.'' Maskelyne was sent at the same time as M and D to record the Transit of Venus on St. Helena. He became Astronomer Royal while they were in America.

More likely a descendant, Jasper M., famous stage magician and designer of dazzle camouflage.[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:34, 2 January 2007 (PST)

Or it could be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nevil_Maskelyne John Nevil Maskelyne] another descendent. --[[User:Jeffersonista|Jordan]] 13:46, 25 January 2007 (PST)

I'm convinced you are right, Jordan. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:17, 29 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 572==

'''smoke back into a cigar''' 
Time's arrow/ entropy motif.

'''hard-as-a-rock black cigar''' 
The quality of a cigar is usually higher with dark, more tightly-wrapped tobacco. Vincenzo has a fine one, it seems.

'''thumping''' 
sound/feeling of a water-bus?

'''''salso''''' 
Longest river in Sicily.Its small deltaic system there is dominated by marine processes rather than fluvial ones. It is a seasonal torrent, with brief but violent floods during the winter rains (from November to February), Is this what riding the salso in and back out again means? Riding the floods from the winter rains?

'''''sandoli''''' 
??? The sandolo is a type of boat used in Venice, similar to a gondola but (I believe) larger.

'''trains pulling in''' 
Famous early film.

==Page 573==

'''San Polo''' 
It is one of the six districts (sestieri) of Venice. (The other five are: Cannaregio, Dorsoduro, Santa Croce, San Marco, and Castello.) It (with Santa Croce and Dorsoduro) is located at the south side of the Grand Canal just across the Rialto bridge from San Marco. The San Polo district is the second most important area of Venice in terms of historical immportance and attractions for the tourists. It is the home to the Rialto market, the old artisan quarters of Venice, and the stunning Frari church.

'''Cannareggio''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannaregio Cannaregio]

It is commonly spelled Cannaregio. It is located north of the Grand Canal, and is one of the few parts of the city where Venetians still live in great numbers.

==Page 574==

'''thirty years older''' 
About 65yo?

'''that day''' 
In NYC when Dally showed up.

'''when she was born''' 
Cf Pretenders/Chryssie Hynde.

'''Stronzo''' 
Italian curse word, roughly "asshole"

'''''In bocc' al lupo!''''' 
From the Roman dialect, in which the Italians - including Rocco and Pino - seem to speak. Meaning, literally, "In the
mouth of the wolf," and idiomatically, "Good luck."

Specifically the good-luck wish among actors: "Break a leg!" [[User:Volver|Volver]] 15:36, 2 January 2007 (PST)

'''''campielli''''' 
??? Small squares. A campo is literally a field and by extension a large square in a town. A campiello is a small square. I believe Venice has only one Piazza (San Marco) and the other squares are campi and campielli.

'''impersonation of itself''' 
echoes "the mountains had become geometrical impersonations of themselves", p. 394

==Page 575==

'''Riva''' 
??? Probably Riva del Vin by the Grand Canal; a great tourist attraction from where one can view the historical Rialto Bridge. (The word ''riva'' itself means ''river bank''). [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-025 Riva del Vin] and[http://www.altravistavenezia.it/_VirtualTours/VA/Rialto_Riva_del_Vin/rialto_riva_del_vin.html Rialto-Riva del Vin]

'''middy blouses''' 
In the style of a midshipman's blouse (shirt).

'''not yet been rebuilt''' 
Remember p256.

'''''lucciole''''' 
??? prostitutes

'''''fondamenta''''' 
A waterside street in Venice

'''''ombreta''''' 
??? A local wine produced in the hills north of Venice.

'''light's good here''' 
Old joke about drunk looking for car keys under streetlight though he dropped them somewhere else.

'''inside that labyrinth . . . microcosm of all Venice''' 
A hologram has this property, that a little chip broken off it contains the entire image. This is, however, a specific reference to Fractal non-Euclidian Geometry ... self-similarity over scale. A fractal is an object or quantity that displays self-similarity, in a somewhat technical sense, on all scales. The object need not exhibit exactly the same structure at all scales, but the same "type" of structures must appear on all scales. A plot of the quantity on a log-log graph versus scale then gives a straight line, whose slope is said to be the fractal dimension. The prototypical example for a fractal is the length of a coastline measured with different length rulers. The shorter the ruler, the longer the length measured, a paradox known as the coastline paradox, mentioned by Pynchon on [[ATD_792-820#Page_820|page 820]].

==Page 576==

'''''rio''''' 
narrow waterway in Venice (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 245|page 245:''rio'']].)

'''twelve soldi''' 
??? A soldo is a small coin.

'''franc... ten francs''' 
???

'''Santos-Dumont style''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 529|page 529:Monsieur Santos-Dumont]]

'''Canaletto''' 
Venetian landscape painter, 1697-1768, famous for his paintings of Venice ([http://www.artericerca.com/ven_set/Canaletto/canaletto.htm Italian website]).

As described, Penhallow's pictures are reminiscent, in spirit and in some ways content, of John Singer Sargent's Venetian paintings. Sargent also later painted one of the most haunting images of World War I, [http://jssgallery.org/Paintings/Gassed/Gassed.htm "Gassed"], showing a column of men blinded by mustard gas feeling their way to an aid station.

'''Beppo''' 
Allusion to Byron's poem "Beppo - A Venetian Story". Beppo is a husband who's been away for many years and then, returning, reclaims his wife from another man.

Beppo = Mouse, diminutive of Giuseppi. There is also Beppo Levi (born on May 14, 1875 in Turin, Italy, died on August 28, 1961 in Rosario, Argentina) Italian mathematician, director of the Mathematics Institute of the National University of the Littoral from 1939 to 1961. His work included the mathematics of alternative spaces[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beppo_Levi].

'''pitch''' 
From Merriam-Webster Dictionary: ''chiefly British: an outdoor site (as for camping or doing business).

'''Bauer-Grünwald''' 
An expensive hotel near San Marco in Venice.

'''demobilized from a war that nobody knew about . . . seeking refuge from time''' 
Hunter Penhallow, one of the Trespassers?

==Page 577==

'''a time-traveler from the future''' 
Hunter Penhallow IS a Trespasser.

''''Safe'''' 
Recent art-movie title? I think safe here means safe without allusion.

'''neutral hour?''' 
Is any moment in Time apolitical?

'''Castello''' 
Castello is the largest of the six sestieri of Venice. The district grew up from the thirteenth century around a naval dockyard on what was originally the Isole Gemini.

'''Evening Gun''' 
"At reveille the morning gun goes off; and at retreat, the evening". From
a history description. Here is a site with picture.http://www.ziplink.net/~edkreutz/1f.html

'''Dr. Grace''' 
Renowned, full-bearded 19th-century English cricket player.

'''Charing Cross''' 
Charing Cross Railway Station, London. The original station was opened on 11 January 1864 by the South East Railway. Now, over 37 million people pass through Charing Cross every year. Situated on the forecourt of the stations is the Eleanor Cross, from which point road distances from London are measured. For more see [http://www.networkrail.co.uk/aspx/795.aspx#history Charing Cross].

==Page 578==

'''Dorsoduro''' 
An area of Venice. The Dorsoduro district is a relatively central area of the city, located on the opposie side of the Grand Canal from the San Marco district. But, at the smae time it offers the visitor a chance to explore a delightful part of the city free from the crowds of San Marco.
The Accademia Gallery, Peggy Gugggenheim Museum, and the Santa della Maria Salute Church (one of the most famous landmarks of Venice) are all located here. [http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_dorsoduro.htm Dorsoduro].

'''''pensione''''' 
A cheap Italian hotel, like a bed and breakfast.

'''La Calcina''' 
A historical hotel. La Calcina means ''The Lime House'', because the hotel was built on a 17th-century lime production site. It is located on the Zattere promenade, at the foot of the Calcina Bridge. Various Bohemian artists frequented the Café of the hotel, and John Ruskin indeed stayed at the hotel from February 13 to May 23, 1877. For the historical background of the hotel see [http://www.lacalcina.com/HTML/en/calcina_storia_en.html La Calcina].

'''''"traces of conciousness"...streaming by''''' 
Possible allusion to Joyce's "stream of conciousness". Ulysses is also set in 1904, the year Joyce met his wife.

'''Zattere''' 
An area of wide waterfront pavements in Venice.

'''''...in hotels, the way your dreams are often, alarmingly, not your own?''''' 
One more possible allusion to Proust, including also the following paragraph. At the beginning of the ''Recherche'', the main character, Marcel, spends a sleepless night in a hotel room, surrounded by memories he can't make sense of.

In ''Lot 49'' Oedipa Maas considers all the dreams and memories stored in the mattresses of transients' hotels, and of the information destroyed when they burned.

'''''cimici''''' 
Latin: bedbug.

'''bora''' 
a regional wind, blowing each winter.

==Page 579==

'''vino forte''' 
strong wine.

'''Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Brletta''' 
They are the cities in Puglia (Apula) region of southeast Italy, ie. at the "heel of the Italian Boot".

'''Tintoretto's ''Abduction . . .''''' 
See [http://www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3374 here]

Tintoretto (1518-94), Venetian painter. Originally named Jacopo Robusti, because of his father's profession of ''tintore'' (dye) he was nicknamed as [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tintoret/biograph.html Tintoretto]. The most successful painter of Venetian school in the generation after Titian. His drawings, unlike Michelangelo's detailed life studies, are brilliant, rapid notations, bristling with energy, and his color is more somber and mystical than Titian's. For a better, can be enlarged, view of his [http://www.wga.hu/html/t/tintoret/2religio/stealing.html ''Abduction of the Body of St. Mark (1562-66)''].

'''Accademia''' 
The major art-gallery in Dorsoduro, Venice

'''Titian''' 
16th century Venetian painter. 
Vecellio Tiziano (1490-1576), better known as Titian, the greatest painter of the Venetain School and the leading light of the Italian Renaissance. Titian was recognized as a towering genius in his own time and his reputation as one of the giants of art has never been seriously questioned. He was supreme in every branch of painting and his achievements were so varied — ranging "from the joyous evocation of pagan antiquity . . . to the depths of tragedy in his late religious paintings" — that he has been an inspiration to artists of very different character. In many subjects, above all in portraiture, he set patterns that were followed by generations of artists. For more and Titian's paintings [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tiziano/biograph.html Titian].

'''Infancy Gospel of Thomas''' 
One of the apocryphal scriptures. The Infancy Gospel of Thomas relates the miraculous deeds of Jesus before he turned twelve. [http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/infancythomas.html 1] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Thomas Wikipedia on the Gospel of Thomas]

==Page 580==

'''Pentecost story in Acts''' 
Pentecost is a Christian holiday commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus' followers and the beginning of the Christian church. Pentecost is celebrated by many (but not all) Christians on the Sunday 50 days after Easter. It often falls in early June. [[Acts II|Read the Biblical passages in Acts II...]]

'''Galilean dialect''' 
Of Aramaic.

'''Yes, well, it's redemption, isn't it, you expect chaos, you get order instead''' 
In the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and the Pentecost, first Jesus, then the Holy Ghost, act as Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon]. In the Infancy Gospel story, Jesus sorts the randomly mixed dye molecules so that each garment comes out one color; in the Pentecost story the Holy Ghost causes a single language, just random noise to all but Galileans, to be heard as the many different languages of the listeners. Taking the two stories together, thermodynamic entropy is reversed, but the entropy of information is increased. This is the crux of ''Lot 49''; here it is another "secular miracle"; order emerges from chaos. The mathemateicians, artists and similar seekers may bring forth a similar miracle, the ability to experience other dimensions, to understand the universe (See Kit's dream, P.566).

'''''rii''''' 
Plural of ''rio''.

==Page 581==

'''''sotopòrteghi''''' 
An open doorway for public access. (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 246|page 246:sotopòrteghi]].)

'''Bodeo 10.4 mm''' 
A mass-produced Italian-made service revolver, initially made around 1889. Demand for them as guns was low, causing thousands of the weapons to be converted to table lamps. An interesting Pynchonian connection between light, manufacture, weapons, and war.

==Page 582==

'''''foschetta''''' 
???

'''''masègni''''' 
???

'''''patrone''''' 
???

'''wine trains up from Puglia''' 
???Puglia region is in southeast of Italy (at the "heel of the Italian Boot"). From page 578-579: "In September, when the vino forte arrived from Brindis, Squinzano, and Barletta . . ." These three cities are in Puglia. Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:vino forte]] and [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Barletta]].

'''Winter''' 
1904-1905?

'''Principessa Spongiatosta''' 
Is Pugnax's book from p6 at all relevant here?

'''Ca'''' 
Abbreviated form of "Casa," Italian for "house."

Which appears to be multidimensional, or at any rate non-Euclidean, reminiscent of Zombini's cabinet.

'''Roman Composite order''' 
A classical order (style of building design) dating from late Roman times, formed by superimposing Ionic volute (volute = a spiral scroll ornament) on a Corinthian capital (capital = the head or crowning feature of a column). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_order Composite order]).

'''japonica''' 
Japanese honeysuckle.

==Page 583==

'''Iron Bridge''' 
The Ponte dell’Accademia - connecting the Venetian quarters (sestieri) San Marco and Dorsoduro - was constructed during the Austrian occupation in 1854. This steel construction got replaced ca. 1933 by a wooden bridge (which was replaced by yet another wooden bridge in 1985) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_dell'Accademia Wikipedia]

'''Le Havre''' 
French port city on the Atlantic (English Channel).

'''''ma via''''' 
???

'''third eyes touching''' 
The third eye, as existing on some reptiles is a dorsal organ that is receptive to light, otherwise known as the ''pineal eye''. Since the two half-sisters are obviously not reptiles, this reference might allude to the figurative third eye, or the eye of the mind, heart or soul. When the two touch foreheads, they are able to peer into each other consciences, by way of these third eyes. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/third+eye /Dictionary Entry]

==Page 584==

'''"Swiss insurance salesman. Wolf. No, Putzi."''' 
Bria's had so many beaux she gets them confused? One was a wolf; the other a putz?

'''''topo''''' 
A topo is a guide for a crag or climbing area.

'''Dogana''' 
Custom House, built on a wedge of land called ''Punta della Dogana'' (Custom Point). This wedge of land is at the entrance of the Grand Canal, as described in the text: "where the Grand Canal and the Lagoon meet". The original 14th-century customs tower was replaced by a colonnaded building named the ''Dogana de Mare'' (Sea Customs Post). See picture [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/media_1041505867_761562189_-1_1/Punta_della_Dogana_Venice.html Punta della Dogana]

'''Andrea Tancredi''' 
An artist and acquaintence made by Hunter Penhallow in Venice. His name is likely derived from the Gioacchino Rossini opera ''Tancredi'' or the Voltaire play by the same name. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancredi Wikipedia Entry] 
Tancredi, restored, is a tragedy. the soldier Tancredi and his family have been stripped of their estates and inheritances, and he himself has been banished since his youth. Two more noble families — headed by Argirio and Orbazzano — have been warring for years. Wikipedia.
Tancredi presides in exile...he is mortally wounded at the end after learning the person he thought betrayed the heroine did not.

:Actually, per [[T#tancredi|my entry in the Alpha index]], more likely the name connects with Tancredi, the time-traveling character in ''City of Death'', a four-part serial in the British science fiction television series ''Dr. Who'' which involves time travel and bilocation. Tancredi is the sole survivor of the Jagaroth race, an evil people who destroyed themselves in a war some 400 million years ago. Tancredi explains that a few escaped in a dilapidated spacecraft and found Earth in a primeval, lifeless stage of its development. The ship disintegrated upon takeoff and [[Scaroth]] tells of how he was fractured in time, splinters of his being were scattered across time and space, all identical, none complete. Whereas, in ''City of Death'', Tancredi, one of the Scaroff "splinters" living in Renaissance Italy, is plotting to create multiple Mona Lisa's for fraudulent purposes, ''Against the Day'''s Tancredi is fighting art fraud. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Death Read the synopsis of ''City of Death'']; The name "Andrea" ''could'' be a reference to the protagonist Andrea Marsh, a time-traveler in the 1889 novel, ''Timeless Love'' by Judy Hinson ([[Timeless Love|synopsis]]).

'''Seurat and Signac''' 
George Seurat (1859-1891) and Paul Signac (1863-1935), French painters who developed pointillism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointillism Wikipedia entry].

'''Divisionism''' 
Term invented by Paul Signac to describe the Neo-Impressionist separation of colour into dots or patches applied directly to the canvas. From Grove Dictionary of Art.

'''Marinetti''' 
The Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti was the first among [the Futurists] to produce a manifesto of their artistic philosophy in his Manifesto of Futurism (1909)(see below).

'''"Futurists"''' 
Practitioners or followers of Futurism, an early 20th century art movement that is considered the genesis of Cubism, Dada and Art Deco. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism_%28art%29 Wikipedia entry].Marinetti summed up the major principles of the Futurists, including a passionate loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions. He and others also espoused a love of speed, technology and violence. The car, the plane, the industrial town were all legendary for the Futurists, because they represented the technological triumph of man over nature.

'''brutalism''' 
See above and The Futurists were often condemned as fascistic in their manifestos and outlook.

'''Torcello''' 
A lonely Venetian island: very peaceful and beautiful with a church and little else.

'''primitivo''' 
A kind of red wine (same as the original Zinfandel, actually).

==Page 585==

'''green-and-lavender''' 
Another clashing color scheme.

'''sirocco''' 
A hot dust-laden wind from the Libyan deserts that blows on the northern Mediterranean coast chiefly in Italy, Malta, and Sicily.

'''San Michele''' 
San Michele, nicknamed The Island of the Dead, is the cemetery island of Venice. It is associated with the sestiere of Cannaregio from which it lies a short distance north east.
Walls of San Michele.Along with neighbouring San Cristoforo della Pace, the island was a popular place for local travellers and fishermen to land. Mauro Codussi's Chiesa di San Michele in Isola of 1469, the first Renaissance church in Venice, and a monastery lie on the island.

'''futuristic vehicle''' 
P155. Of course, the machine-inspired Futurists would remind Hunter of this vehicle that 'had borne him to safety'!

'''''Preliminary Studies...''''' 
Artists often do 'preliminary studies'..'infernal machine' comes out of Futurism's ideas.

==Page 586==

'''Always with us.''' 
Gospel of Matthew. "The poor you will always have with you". Here reference is to born-again Christers.

'''''vero?''''' 
True, genuine,real? Dally asks.

'''orpiment yellow''' 
A yellow color pigment ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpiment Wikipedia])

'''Nürnberg violet''' 
An artificial color pigment discovered in 1868 in the city of Nuremberg

==Page 587==

'''Brownian movement''' 
Also called Brownian motion. It is the irregular motion of small particles suspended in a liquid or a gas, caused by the bombardment of the particles by molecules of the medium
first divscovered by botanist Robert Brown (1773-1858) in 1827. Einstein in one of his four ''Annus Mirabilis Papers'' of 1905 explained the random motion using molecular kinetic theory of heat. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:young Einstein]].

'''I really love the old dump''' 
For the same reason Dally does: Venice has what Pynchon called (in ''V.'') "Temporal Bandwidth": a life in a depth of time, a simultaneous humane immesion in past, present and future. The canals of industrialized Belgium are silted up, the connections to its Hanse past lost, paved and tracked over. This has not, and cannot, happen to Venice; even a Futurist painter cannot carry out the appaling modernization he describes. Venice is a place to hide from the future; indeed, in terms of physical destruction, the world wars barely touched La Serenisima.

'''''nebbia, nebbietta, foschia, caligo, sfumato''''' 
Varieties of fog.

'''speed of sound''' 
Air temperature is more important that density.

'''''La Velocità del Suono''''' 
Italian, "speed of sound"

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-02-22T12:20:47Z

Phidre: /* Page 739 */ rolling up the rails

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy.

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
Francesco Squarcione (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione].

'''On the Banks''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs"

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination.

==Page 728==

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on page 623 (annotations).

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids"

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "bar"

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit"

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
Alexander Berkmann, also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman]. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

==Page 738==

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way"

==Page 739==
'''''La macchina infernale''''' 
"Infernal machine"; a (particularly 19th century) term for explosive devices used for terrorist attacks. The most famous example is "La conspiration de la machine infernale", or "Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise", an assassination plot against Napoleon that failed in 1800
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_Rue_Saint-Nicaise wikipedia]).

'''bad news rolling up the rails''' 
cf p. 41: "Most people have a wheel riding on a wire, or some rails in the street [...], to keep them moving in the direction of their destiny". Inevitability?

==Page 740==
'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm]

==Page 741==

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

==Page 742==

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
???

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

==Page 743==
'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Main Entry: rec·ti·fi
Inflected Form(s): -fied; -fy·ing
Etymology: Middle English rectifien, from Anglo-French rectifier, from Medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus right -- more at RIGHT
1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST <rectify the calendar>
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonym see CORRECT
- rec·ti·fi·ca·tion /"rek-t&-f&-'kA-sh&n/ noun--Amer Heritage Dictionary

Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

==Page 745==
'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1)in buying and selling for profit. 2. To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: Giorgio de Chirico's painting: ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)'', dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-02-22T12:12:54Z

Phidre: /* Page 738 */ macchina infernale

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy.

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
Francesco Squarcione (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione].

'''On the Banks''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs"

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination.

==Page 728==

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on page 623 (annotations).

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids"

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "bar"

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit"

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
Alexander Berkmann, also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman]. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

==Page 738==

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way"

==Page 739==
'''''La macchina infernale''''' 
"Infernal machine"; a (particularly 19th century) term for explosive devices used for terrorist attacks. The most famous example is "La conspiration de la machine infernale", or "Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise", an assassination plot against Napoleon that failed in 1800
([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_Rue_Saint-Nicaise wikipedia]).

==Page 740==
'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm]

==Page 741==

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

==Page 742==

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
???

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

==Page 743==
'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Main Entry: rec·ti·fi
Inflected Form(s): -fied; -fy·ing
Etymology: Middle English rectifien, from Anglo-French rectifier, from Medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus right -- more at RIGHT
1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST <rectify the calendar>
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonym see CORRECT
- rec·ti·fi·ca·tion /"rek-t&-f&-'kA-sh&n/ noun--Amer Heritage Dictionary

Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

==Page 745==
'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1)in buying and selling for profit. 2. To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: Giorgio de Chirico's painting: ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)'', dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-02-22T10:47:08Z

Phidre: /* Page 737 */ Italian terms

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy.

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
Francesco Squarcione (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione].

'''On the Banks''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs"

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination.

==Page 728==

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on page 623 (annotations).

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids"

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "bar"

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit"

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
Alexander Berkmann, also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman]. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

==Page 738==

'''''macche''''' 
Italian: "no way"

==Page 740==
'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm]

==Page 741==

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

==Page 742==

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
???

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

==Page 743==
'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Main Entry: rec·ti·fi
Inflected Form(s): -fied; -fy·ing
Etymology: Middle English rectifien, from Anglo-French rectifier, from Medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus right -- more at RIGHT
1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST <rectify the calendar>
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonym see CORRECT
- rec·ti·fi·ca·tion /"rek-t&-f&-'kA-sh&n/ noun--Amer Heritage Dictionary

Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

==Page 745==
'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1)in buying and selling for profit. 2. To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: Giorgio de Chirico's painting: ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)'', dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-02-22T10:37:51Z

Phidre: /* Page 736 */ Italian terms

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy.

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
Francesco Squarcione (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione].

'''On the Banks''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs"

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination.

==Page 728==

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on page 623 (annotations).

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids"

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "bar"

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit"

==Page 736==

'''''vero''''' 
Italian: "true"

'''''appunto''''' 
Italian: "exactly"

'''''straccio''''' 
Italian: "rag"

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
Alexander Berkmann, also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman]. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

==Page 740==
'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm]

==Page 741==

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

==Page 742==

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
???

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

==Page 743==
'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Main Entry: rec·ti·fi
Inflected Form(s): -fied; -fy·ing
Etymology: Middle English rectifien, from Anglo-French rectifier, from Medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus right -- more at RIGHT
1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST <rectify the calendar>
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonym see CORRECT
- rec·ti·fi·ca·tion /"rek-t&-f&-'kA-sh&n/ noun--Amer Heritage Dictionary

Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

==Page 745==
'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1)in buying and selling for profit. 2. To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: Giorgio de Chirico's painting: ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)'', dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-02-22T10:32:00Z

Phidre: /* Page 733 */ Italian terms

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy.

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
Francesco Squarcione (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione].

'''On the Banks''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs"

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination.

==Page 728==

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on page 623 (annotations).

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids"

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 734==
'''''osteria''''' 
Italian: "bar"

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit"

==Page 736==

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
Alexander Berkmann, also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman]. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

==Page 740==
'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm]

==Page 741==

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

==Page 742==

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
???

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

==Page 743==
'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Main Entry: rec·ti·fi
Inflected Form(s): -fied; -fy·ing
Etymology: Middle English rectifien, from Anglo-French rectifier, from Medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus right -- more at RIGHT
1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST <rectify the calendar>
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonym see CORRECT
- rec·ti·fi·ca·tion /"rek-t&-f&-'kA-sh&n/ noun--Amer Heritage Dictionary

Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

==Page 745==
'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1)in buying and selling for profit. 2. To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: Giorgio de Chirico's painting: ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)'', dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-02-22T10:29:45Z

Phidre: /* Page 727 */ Italian terms

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy.

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
Francesco Squarcione (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione].

'''On the Banks''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''''lucciole''''' 
Italian: "prostitutes"

'''''squadri''''' 
Italian: "teams", "gangs"

'''''soldi''''' 
Italian: "money"

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination.

==Page 728==

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on page 623 (annotations).

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids"

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit"

==Page 736==

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
Alexander Berkmann, also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman]. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

==Page 740==
'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm]

==Page 741==

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

==Page 742==

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
???

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

==Page 743==
'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Main Entry: rec·ti·fi
Inflected Form(s): -fied; -fy·ing
Etymology: Middle English rectifien, from Anglo-French rectifier, from Medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus right -- more at RIGHT
1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST <rectify the calendar>
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonym see CORRECT
- rec·ti·fi·ca·tion /"rek-t&-f&-'kA-sh&n/ noun--Amer Heritage Dictionary

Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

==Page 745==
'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1)in buying and selling for profit. 2. To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: Giorgio de Chirico's painting: ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)'', dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-02-22T10:24:36Z

Phidre: /* Page 728 */ Italian terms

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy.

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
Francesco Squarcione (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione].

'''On the Banks''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination.

==Page 728==

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

'''''auguri, ragazzi''''' 
Italian: "all the best, folks"

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on page 623 (annotations).

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids"

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit"

==Page 736==

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
Alexander Berkmann, also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman]. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

==Page 740==
'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm]

==Page 741==

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

==Page 742==

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
???

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

==Page 743==
'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Main Entry: rec·ti·fi
Inflected Form(s): -fied; -fy·ing
Etymology: Middle English rectifien, from Anglo-French rectifier, from Medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus right -- more at RIGHT
1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST <rectify the calendar>
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonym see CORRECT
- rec·ti·fi·ca·tion /"rek-t&-f&-'kA-sh&n/ noun--Amer Heritage Dictionary

Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

==Page 745==
'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1)in buying and selling for profit. 2. To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: Giorgio de Chirico's painting: ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)'', dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-02-22T10:20:13Z

Phidre: /* Page 730 */ Italian terms

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy.

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
Francesco Squarcione (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione].

'''On the Banks''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination.

==Page 728==

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on page 623 (annotations).

'''''qualsiasi''''' 
Italian: "whatever"

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids"

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit"

==Page 736==

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
Alexander Berkmann, also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman]. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

==Page 740==
'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm]

==Page 741==

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

==Page 742==

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
???

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

==Page 743==
'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Main Entry: rec·ti·fi
Inflected Form(s): -fied; -fy·ing
Etymology: Middle English rectifien, from Anglo-French rectifier, from Medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus right -- more at RIGHT
1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST <rectify the calendar>
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonym see CORRECT
- rec·ti·fi·ca·tion /"rek-t&-f&-'kA-sh&n/ noun--Amer Heritage Dictionary

Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

==Page 745==
'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1)in buying and selling for profit. 2. To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: Giorgio de Chirico's painting: ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)'', dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-02-22T10:17:34Z

Phidre: /* Page 731 */ Italian terms

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy.

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
Francesco Squarcione (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione].

'''On the Banks''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination.

==Page 728==

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on page 623 (annotations).

==Page 731==

'''''camerieri''''' 
Italian: "chambermaids"

'''''levante''''' 
Italian: "east wind"

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit"

==Page 736==

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
Alexander Berkmann, also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman]. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

==Page 740==
'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm]

==Page 741==

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

==Page 742==

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
???

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

==Page 743==
'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Main Entry: rec·ti·fi
Inflected Form(s): -fied; -fy·ing
Etymology: Middle English rectifien, from Anglo-French rectifier, from Medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus right -- more at RIGHT
1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST <rectify the calendar>
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonym see CORRECT
- rec·ti·fi·ca·tion /"rek-t&-f&-'kA-sh&n/ noun--Amer Heritage Dictionary

Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

==Page 745==
'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1)in buying and selling for profit. 2. To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: Giorgio de Chirico's painting: ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)'', dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 724-747

2007-02-22T10:14:07Z

Phidre: /* Page 733 */ cazzo

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 724==

'''Dolomites''' 
Mountains, a sub-chain of the Alps, northeast Italy.

==Page 725==

'''Squarcione''' 
Francesco Squarcione (c.1397-1468) was a Padovan artist. His pupils included Andrea Mantegna (with whom he had many legal battles), Cosimo Tura and Crivelli. There are only two works signed by him: the Madonna with Child (imaged here, Berlin) and an altarpiece (Padua) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarcione].

'''On the Banks''' 
Indiana's state song; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Banks_of_the_Wabash,_Far_Away lyrics.]

==Page 726==

'''Haruspices''' 
Roman religious functionaries who looked for clues to the future in the entrails of sacrificed animals.

'''strung by one foot upside down''' 
The Hanged Man again.

'''Cassily Adam rendition''' 
It's Adams. Titled [http://www.ed-resources.net/guide/exhibit/2.39.htm "Custer's Last Fight,"] the picture was acquired by Anheuser-Busch, reproduced and placed in thousands of taverns. The company later gave the work to the 7th Cavalry Regiment.

==Page 727==

'''Hottentot''' 
Part of a series of zany distortions. French ''attentat'' = coup, assassination.

==Page 728==

'''Topinambur''' 
''Helianthus tuberosus'': Jerusalem Artichoke, or sunchoke. It is a variety of sunflower; tuberous root was used as a potato substitute in WWII [http://www.flickr.com/photos/nfoto/94369056/]. The name "topinambur" is used in Europe.

==Page 729==

'''no . . . apiarian byproduct of hers''' 
I.e., none of her beeswax (American slang for "business").

'''pennsilvoney''' 
More foreign-language comedy. Italian ''pensione'' = pension (lodging with board included).

'''eighty-seven not out''' 
Cricket metaphor: having a banner day and not close to the end of it.

'''Eleanora Duse''' 
Consensus spelling is ''Ele'''o'''nora.'' 1859-1924, Italian actress, pioneer of realism on the stage.

==Page 730==

'''Damned cowboy''' 
Same expletive used on page 623 (annotations).

==Page 731==

'''the ancient family arms''' 
"[A] sponge couchant on a field chequy with flames at the foot." Pynchonian mock-heraldry. ''Couchant'' refers to an animal lying down with its erect head to the viewer's left. Well, at least sponges do belong to the animal kingdom. ''Chequy'' (one correct spelling) identifies the field or background of the shield as being divided into squares like a checkerboard. ''At the foot'' is a heraldic solecism; ''in base'' is preferable.

Taking two colors at random, say ''gules'' (red) and ''argent'' (silver or white), we could blazon the arms as "Chequy argent and gules, a sponge proper couchant above flames of fire of the third in base." Of course when the arms are carved in stone you can't see the colors. ''Proper'' means "in the color of the natural object," so . . . sponge-colored for the sponge, red and yellow for the flames.

Heraldists refer to "canting arms" when the charges on the shield pun on the bearer's name, as in this case: The flames are toasting the sponge.

==Page 732==

'''outnumbered . . . overwhelmingly''' 
One of Cantor's results. If aleph0 represents the "cardinality" of the rationals (a measure for infinite sets that corresponds to the number of elements for finite ones) and ''C'' represents the cardinality of the real numbers, then ''C'' + aleph0 = ''C.'' In words, the reals don't even notice if you take away the rationals, leaving just the irrational numbers. Pretty overwhelming.

==Page 733==

'''areeferdirtcheap''' 
Reef getting his Italian wrong again: ''arrivederci,'' goodbye.

==Page 735==

'''''Cazzo''''' 
Italian: "shit"

==Page 736==

'''forty mule''' 
A Reefian parting shot: French ''faute de mieux,'' meaning "for lack of anything better."

'''hangers''' 
A kind of pocketbook or purse that hung from a wrist (not in the OED, however).

==Page 737==

'''Brother Berkmann''' 
Alexander Berkmann, also spelled Berkman, Anarchist and lover of Emma Goldman, with whom he plotted his unsuccessful 1892 attempt to assassinate Henry Clay Frick after the bitter Homestead Steel Strike [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Berkman]. Dally dates this to "fifteen years ago", making it 1907 in book time.

==Page 740==
'''Lampo, Gaulois''' 
A very small firearm. Some great photos and a description (in French). [http://site.voila.fr/collectionarme/gaulois.htm]

==Page 741==

'''''imprimatura''''' 
The first layer of paint applied to a canvas, a base color that helps establish and control tone in the painting.

==Page 742==

'''his terrible intention''' 
moral judgment of the attempted assassin.

'''like the glowing coal in the Buddhist parable''' 
???

'''''piano nobile''''' 
In a large house, the level holding formal spaces, usually the first or second floor above ground level.

==Page 743==
'''Vibe "takes on mass" (!) 
: his gravity increases! Cf. GR, of course.

'''rectified''' 
Main Entry: rec·ti·fi
Inflected Form(s): -fied; -fy·ing
Etymology: Middle English rectifien, from Anglo-French rectifier, from Medieval Latin rectificare, from Latin rectus right -- more at RIGHT
1 : to set right : REMEDY
2 : to purify (as alcohol) especially by repeated or fractional distillation
3 : to correct by removing errors : ADJUST <rectify the calendar>
4 : to make (an alternating current) unidirectional
synonym see CORRECT
- rec·ti·fi·ca·tion /"rek-t&-f&-'kA-sh&n/ noun--Amer Heritage Dictionary

Here: self-justification into "iron impregnability". Pynchon does not use iron positively in ATD.

==Page 745==
'''Somebody shopped him''' 
Betrayed him (in exchange for something). Shop= to trade 1)in buying and selling for profit. 2. To make an exchange of one thing for another. American Heritage.

==Page 747==

'''melancholy of departure''' 
Allusion to: Giorgio de Chirico's painting: ''Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure)'', dated to 1913 or early 1914; the title was reused in works with the same theme of 1914, 1915 and 1916. The paintings reproduce the sadness of separations by depiciting haunting, empty railway stations, pictorially or in abstract [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Melancholy+of+Departure&btnG=Search+Images].

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-22T09:49:14Z

Phidre: /* Page 699 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']].

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905)]]. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Triest and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna is located in Prater Park. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotton used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ.

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

==Page 706==

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
[http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-21T15:45:26Z

Phidre: /* Page 717 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905)]] (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

==Page 706==

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
[http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-21T15:32:28Z

Phidre: /* Page 715 */ Socialist demonstrations

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905)]] (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

==Page 706==

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-21T14:43:42Z

Phidre: /* Page 713 */ first Moroccan crisis

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905)]] (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

==Page 706==

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website]

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-21T14:26:16Z

Phidre: /* Page 713 */ haematophages

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905)]] (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

==Page 706==

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website]

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-21T14:11:36Z

Phidre: /* Page 713 */ Dracula

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905)]] (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

==Page 706==

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website]

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-21T13:42:02Z

Phidre: /* Page 712 */ coffee pot

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905)]] (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

==Page 706==

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website]

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-21T13:27:31Z

Phidre: /* Page 712 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905)]] (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

==Page 706==

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website]

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-21T13:02:53Z

Phidre: /* Page 712 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905)]] (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

==Page 706==

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website]

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-20T14:56:14Z

Phidre: /* Page 706 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==
[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead]

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

==Page 706==

'''"...miniature submarines...launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website]

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-20T14:55:37Z

Phidre: /* Page 704 */moving an entry

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==
[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead]

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

==Page 706==

'''"...miniature submarines...launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website]

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-20T14:50:09Z

Phidre: /* Page 706 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==
[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead]

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

''''we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

==Page 706==

'''"...miniature submarines...launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website]

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-20T14:44:21Z

Phidre: /* Page 704 */ if you turn, you die

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==
[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead]

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

''''we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

==Page 706==

'''"...miniature submarines...launched from the bow as if they themslves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website]

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-20T14:16:38Z

Phidre: /* Page 702 */ Neue Mutzenbacher

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==
[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead]

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, but was finally indexed as child pornography in Germany in 1982.
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefine_Mutzenbacher German Wikipedia]

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

''''we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

==Page 706==

'''"...miniature submarines...launched from the bow as if they themslves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website]

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

M

2007-02-20T13:45:29Z

Phidre: museums

'''Macassar Oil''' 
16; Macassar oil is an oil used primarily by men in Victorian and Edwardian times to smooth their hair. It was advertised as containing oil from Macassar, which is the former name of Ujung Pandang, a district on the island of Celebes in Indonesia. Exotic hair oil was quite the rage in the first half of the 19th century, another popular hair pomade being made from bear fat! (This gave rise to the curious practice of placing stuffed bears outside English barber shops.) <ref>[http://takeourword.com/Issue050.html Take Our Word For It Website]</ref>; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macassar_oil Wikipedia entry]

'''Macchiavelli''' 
669; 669; Italian "facility for creeping about" 706;

'''Macedonian Question''' 
690; 697;

'''Mach, Ernst (1838-1916)''' 
412; 616; Austrian physicist and philosopher, best known as namesake of the Mach number. Mach number, M, is the '''ratio''' of the speed of flow of a gas to the speed of sound. When M = 1, it means the gas flow speed reaches the sonic speed; M > 1 the gas flows at supersonic speed and M < 1 subsonic speed. When ''Concord'' jetliner cruised at M = 2.2 that means she was flying at the speed of 2.2 times the speed of sound. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach%2C_Ernst Wikipedia entry.]

'''"Macking for a mack"''' 
359; a mack is slang for seducer, usually of women but in this case of potential investors; "mack" is also slang for a pimp so Stray is pimping for her friends who are trying to "seduce" Reef (this is speculative, for sure...)

'''Madame Butterfly (opera)''' 
567;

'''Magic Crystal''' 
133;

'''magnetism''' 
97; 121;

'''Mags and Nuncs and Matins''' 
497; different types of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canticles canticles]

'''Magyakan''' 
143;

'''Mahdi''' 
29; "the expected one" - a Muslim leader who assumes a messianic role; [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/v/alpha/m.html#mahdi The mahdi in ''V.'']

'''mail''' 
173; [[mail|DISCUSSION]]

'''Mainan Tant Gras Hall''' 
369; concert saloon in New Orleans

'''Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building''' 
24; at the Chicago World's Fair

'''Malus, Etienne-Louis (1775-1812)''' 
126; "Napoleonic army engineer and physicist [...] looking through a piece of Iceland spar [...] discovered polarized light"; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etienne-Louis_Malus Wikipedia entry]

'''Manicheans''' 
437-39; Followers of Mani, who taught that the universe is controlled by two antagonistic powers, light or goodness (identified with God), and darkness, chaos, or evil. One of Mani's claims was that, though Christ had been sent into the world to restore it to light and banish darkness, His apostles had perverted his doctrine, and he, Mani, was sent as the Paraclete to restore it; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manichaeism Wikipedia entry]

'''Manning, Professor''' 
511; at Brown University

'''Mañuela''' 
642; waitress at Doña Cecilia; also the name assumed by the prostitute Major Marvy is engaging just before his orchidectomy in GR.

'''Maps''' 
town becomes an unreadable, 461;

'''maragogype''' 
638; a kind of arabica coffee with grains twice to 3 times as big as arabica grains. In Mexico, it is grown at 1400 meters high in the chiapas State close to the Pacific coast and the Guatemala border; sweet and nicely shaped;

'''Marcello''' 
667; with Ruperta

'''Marching Academy Harmonica Band''' 
418-424; "aberration in <nowiki>[Chums of Chance's]</nowiki> history"

'''Marin, Officer C.''' 
477; reporting officer at cantina where Sloat was killed by Frank Traverse

'''Marinetti''' 
584; Futurists; 587;

'''Marx, Groucho (Julius)''' 
467-468; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groucho_marx Wikipedia entry][[ATD-J#julius|See also Julius]]

'''Marx, Karl (1818-1883)''' 
359; immensely influential philosopher, political economist, and socialist revolutionary. While Marx addressed a wide range of issues, he is most famous for his analysis of history in terms of class struggles, summed up in the opening line of the introduction to the ''Communist Manifesto'': "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." 624. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx Wikipedia entry]

'''Mascotte''' 
3, 128

'''Maskelyne cabinet''' 
571;

'''Mathematics''' 
122; 147;

'''Matteawan''' 
145; Matteawan State Hospital, originally the Asylum for Insane Criminals in Auburn, relocated to the village of Matteawan (between the Hudson River and the Fishkill Mountains) in 1891 and renamed the following year.

'''Mauve''' 
226; 269; [[ATD-C#color|See also Color]]

'''Maxim whirling machines''' 
27;

'''Maxwell Field Equations''' 
58; In electromagnetics, Maxwell's equations are a set of four equations, developed by James Clerk Maxwell, that describe the behavior of both the electric and magnetic fields, as well as their interactions with matter. Maxwell's four equations express, respectively, how electric charges produce electric fields (Gauss' law), the experimental absence of magnetic monopoles, how currents and changing electric fields produce magnetic fields (the Ampere-Maxwell law), and how changing magnetic fields produce electric fields (Faraday's law of induction). 318; 330; 438; 532; 533; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell's_equations Wikipedia entry]

<div id="maxwell"></div>'''Maxwell, James Clerk (1831-1879)''' 
98; Scottish mathematical physicist, born in Edinburgh. Maxwell formulated a set of equations expressing the basic laws of electricity and magnetism and developed the Maxwell distribution in the kinetic theory of gases. He was the last representative of a younger branch of the well-known Scottish family of Clerk of Penicuik. He is also credited with developing the first permanent colour photograph in 1861. "''Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism'' of 1873", 98; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell Wikipedia entry]

'''mayonnaise''' 
284; thunderstorm-proof; 544; cult of, in Belgium; etymology, 545; 560;

'''McAdoo, Chevrolette''' 
26;

'''McDivott, Katie''' 
505;

'''McGonigal, Bridget''' 
365; a slide in the San Juans named after a mine owner's wife;

'''McHugh, Reginald "Ratty"''' 
491; friend of Cyprian Latewood's; in Vienna, 700; 717-18;

'''McKim, Mead and White''' 
326; The most dazzling architect triumvirate in America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was that of of New York City's Charles Follen McKim, William Rutherford Mead, and Stanford White. The brilliance of McKim, Mead, and White changed the course of American architecture. Of the three, it was the genius of Stanford White that most importantly influenced the architectural scene in Buffalo. McKim, Mead, and White was formed in 1878 when Charles Follen McKim (1847-1909) formed a partnership with William Rutherford Mead (1846-1928) and William B. Bigelow. Bigelow retired the following year when Stanford White (1853-1906) joined the firm and the firm's name was established.

'''McKinley, President William (1843-1901)''' 
109; the 25th President of the United States; figurehead, 109; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley Wikipedia entry]

'''McTaggart Hall''' 
452; headquarters of Metaphysics Department at Candlebrow

'''McTaggart, John McTaggart Ellis (1866-1925)''' 
239; a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, from 1891 to 1925; an Idealist metaphysician of great range, invention, precision, and power. McTaggart developed his own, highly original, metaphysical system. In his two-volume ''Nature of Existence'', the most famous element is his argument for the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unreality_of_Time unreality of time]. In a famous paper The Unreality of Time (1908), McTaggart had [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time/#4 argued] that our perception of time is an illusion, and that time itself is merely ideal, 412; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.M.E._McTaggart Wikipedia entry]

'''McVeety, Con''' 
342; works for R. W. Vibe; "Olio of Oddities" 343;[[Con McVeety DISCUSSION| DISCUSSION]]

'''Meat''' 
the Chicago Stockyards, 10; "those famous Chicago beefsteaks," 29; Meat Olaf, 129; Meat Olaf, 135; "details of his 'steak'," 182; steaks; "''slab o' that bull meat''," 337; Alonzo R. Meatman, 405; "the great Lard Scandal of the 80's," 406; "meat lozenges," 444; See also [[ATD-S|'''Shambles''']].

'''Meat Olaf''' 
129; a fictional Norwegian dish, a variant of meatloaf, perhaps; 135;

'''Meatman, Alonzo R.''' 
405; (first appearance misspelled "Meattman"); sold Zoot the time machine; 410; 412; ''lycopodium'' type, 413;

'''Meldrum, Bob''' 
282; 383; aka Hair-Trigger Bob, in Colorado. Not much is known about the real life Robert D. Meldrum. Born in 1866 in England, Meldrum walked a fine line between gun-for-hire and law officer and was said to have shot over 14 men. He was employed by the Pinkerton's and was Deputy Town Marshal of Telluride during the early 1900s. Eventually arrested in 1912 for murder, although he only received a sentence of five to seven years in the Wyoming State Penitentiary. [http://www.museumnwco.org/lookBackArticle.php?lookBackID=35 "Bad Man" Bob Meldrum]

'''Merriwell, Frank''' 
100; fictional, Yale attending, football playing, pulp magazine character created by Burt L. Standish, alluded to by Kit Traverse.

'''Metaphor''' 
230, "Death is a region of metaphor"; 299; "passing into metaphorical identities," 418; "some not strictly metaphorical way," 431;

'''Metropole''' 
705; hotel in Trieste where Derrick Theign stays, previously known as Buon Pastore

'''Michelson''' 
58; Michelson-Morley Experiment, 59; 132;

'''Midway Plaisance''' 
29;

'''Mikimoto, Dr.''' 
114; cultured pearls;

'''Minié ball''' 
101; Prior to the development of the minie ball, rifles were not used in combat due to the difficulty in loading. The ammunition used by rifles was the same diameter as the barrel in order for the bullet to engage the groves of the rifled barrel. As a result the ball had to be forced into the barrel. The minie ball, originally designed by Captain Claude-Etienne Minie of France and improved on by manufacturers in the United States, changed warfare. Since the minie ball was smaller than the diameter of the barrel, it could be loaded quickly by dropping the bullet down the barrel. This conical lead bullet had two or three grooves and a conical cavity in its base. The gases, formed by the burning of powder once the firearm was fired, expanded the base of the bullet so that it engaged the rifling in the barrel. Thus, rifles could be loaded quickly and yet fired accurately; 620; [http://www.civilwar.si.edu/weapons_minieball.html From the Smithsonian website]

'''Minkowski, Hermann (1864-1909)''' 
324; mathematician who developed the geometrical theory of numbers and who used geometrical methods to solve difficult problems in number theory, mathematical physics, and the theory of relativity; Hilbert's co-adjutor; at Candlebrow, 458; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Minkowski Wikipedia entry]

'''Mirrors''' 
Isola degli Specchi (Isle of Mirrors), 244; symmetry, 337; 347; 351; 353; 354; Isle of Mirrors "in that Lagoon over in Venice" where they make the "finest conjuror's mirrors" 422; 463; 498; 537; 553; 564; 569; 651; 706;

'''Miskolci''' 
713; vampirish

'''Miserere, Vincenzo''' 
569; sales rep from mirror factory

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
699; in Prater with Cyprian

'''MKIV/ODC''' 
541; "Mark Four something or other"

'''Modestine ("Moddie")''' 
339; actress Dally's replacing, in New York City; 342;

'''Moises''' 
521; "resident Jewish mystic" in Morocco

'''Mondragön semiautomatics''' 
640; from Germany

'''Morgan, Blinky''' 
59; "a walking interferometer", 62; Charles "Blinky" Morgan, fur store burglar and cop killer, arrested June 1887, hanged Columbus, Ohio, March 1888; [http://www.clevelandmemory.org/ebooks/kennedy/c17.html From ''A History of the City of Cleveland'' by James Harrison Kennedy]; execution of, 65;

'''Morgan, John Pierpont (J.P.) (1837-1913) 
34; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._P._Morgan J.P. Morgan] originally provided Tesla $150,000 (although he needed $1M) in 1900 to build the Wardenclyff laboratory, but abandoned Tesla when he found out what Tesla's true purpose for Wardenclyff was &151; Tesla's vision of free power did not agree with Morgan's financial worldview; [http://educate-yourself.org/fe/radiantenergystory.shtml From Educate-Yourself.com:] "Undreamed of therapeutic applications to improve human health and to eliminate disease conditions could have been achieved fully 100 years ago had Tesla been allowed to complete his commercial development of Radiant Energy. But powerful barons of industry, chiefly in the person of John Pierpont Morgan, colluded to deny him the financial backing he needed and in doing so, effectively denied mankind one of Nature’s most abundant and inexhaustible gifts of free energy"; 326; "safe as the Morgan Bank" 379;

'''Morley, Professor Edward''' 
62; and Blinky Morgan, 62;

'''Moss, Reverend''' 
91; Webb Traverse's minister

'''Motorcycles''' 
463;

'''''mouchard''''' 
560; a police spy;

'''Mouffette''' 
665; French: "skunk"; Ruperta's sexy poodle

'''''mousmée''''' 
560; a type of hydrangea (flower)

'''Montennuovo, Count''' 
681; "Emperor's chambermaid"

'''mufti''' 
16; civilian dress worn by a person who is entitled to wear a military uniform

'''Mulciber, Victor''' 
557; "arms tycoon" at the Kursaal

'''Multiple Worlds or Dimensions''' 
See [[ATD-L|Lateral World Sets]].

'''Murray Hill''' 
68; in Cleveland

'''Museums''' 
"Museum of Hat History," 43; 145; "Museum of Museumology," 149-151; "Museum der Monstrositäten, . . . dedicated to the current 'Crisis' in European mathematics," 632; "museum of bad taste" (Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher), 702;
:Museums, with their High Culture sensibility and insistence on removing artifacts from the dynamic ebb and flow of culture, serve as a direct contrast to the Chums' popular "dime novels."

'''Music''' 
ukulele: 15 (Miles plays it), 324, 408, 410, 451, 553, 567, 678 (quartet), 684; accordian, 49; 52; 57; 126; singing, 138; in ''The Inconvenience'', 140; 160; 163; 178; 266; 315; "That Göttingen Rag" 324; Tin Pan Alley, 342; harpist, 347; "Her Mother Never Told Her" 347; "Oh, When You Talk That Talk" 349; "Funiculi, Funiculá" 349; ''La Forza del Destino'', 352; in New Orleans, 368; "Jass" 370; "La Cucaracha" 375, 389; 399; song in Lollipop Lounge, 400; 418; "El Capitán" 419; "Whistling Rufus" 419; "My Country 'Tis of Thee" 419; "'Zo Meatman's Gone A-WOL" 420; "At a Georgia Camp Meeting" 423; "After the Ball" 425; 436; Joe Hill's "Pie in the Sky" 463; "For It Is Thou, Lord" 477; hymn-writing, 497-98; "five-pound note" song, 503; 510; 522; 524; "Quizzical Queer Quaternioneer" 534; and Q-waves, 566; Puccini's ''Madame Butterfly'', 567; Borel-Clerc's "La Matchiche" 567; Günther's song, 598; "O Tempora, O Mores" and "The Black Whale of Askalon" 625-26; house band, 642; "Daisy, Daisy" 647; alpenborn figure, 665; ''Waltzing in Whitechappel'' 679; ''liebestod'' (German: "love death"), 681; "Chinese harmony" 682; "Singing Bird of Spitalfields" 684; "Ritter Georg Hoch!" (old German anthem), 700; ''Fiakerlieder'', 703; Mozart Adagio, 712; 714; 716;

'''Muspellheim''' 
128; In Norse/Germanic cosmology, Muspellheim is the Land of Fire. It is one of the first two primal worlds created in a vortex around the World Tree, and the collision between Muspellheim and Niflheim - fire and water, fire and ice, heat and cold - created the energy that formed the basis for the other seven worlds; [http://www.cauldronfarm.com/nine/index.html Website on Norse/German cosmology]

'''Myrna''' 
473;

==References==
<references/>

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

ATD 695-723

2007-02-20T13:31:47Z

Phidre: /* Page 700 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 697==
[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Triest, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead]

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of Senj, Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five soveriegn states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Brittanica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonin Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner. The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

==Page 703==

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

''''we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

==Page 706==

'''"...miniature submarines...launched from the bow as if they themslves were torpedos."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned torpedos [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html website]

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Leics''' 
Leicestershire.

==Page 708==

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean.

==Page 712==

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future?

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html].

''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.

==Page 713==

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow.

'''praetorian''' 
Praetorian may mean:

Praetorian Guard, a special force of skilled and celebrated warriors used by Roman Emperors.
Praetorian (software), an intelligent surveillance software suite.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1] [http://www.sabor.co.at/vef/Tramway/liniensystem.htm 2] the means of public transport surrounding Vienna‘s Inner City beginning on the north (where the "Donaukanal" runs) were indexed with a "K" for "Kai" (quai).

'''Leclanché cells''' 
A kind of dry-cell battery.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics]

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia]

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggresivity. Though the partys politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website]

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems": 'the oppressed'

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''Hypatia''' 
Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, murdered by a Christian sect.

==Page 718==
[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It‘s origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

==Page 719==

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: way.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''...the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 678-694

2007-02-02T10:21:31Z

Phidre: /* Page 680 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 678==

'''exhibiting that sinister British craving for the dark and shiny...''' 
Perhaps an Orwellian reference here:

:'It's this bloody thing that does it,' she said, ripping off the scarlet sash of the Junior Anti-Sex League and flinging it on to a bough. Then, as though touching her waist had reminded her of something, she felt in the pocket of her overalls and produced a small slab of chocolate. She broke it in half and gave one of the pieces to Winston. Even before he had taken it he knew by the smell that it was very unusual chocolate. '''It was dark and shiny''', and was wrapped in silver paper.<ref>''1984'', George Orwell, 1948, Ch. X</ref>

The whole paragraph also recalls the Velvet Underground Song ''Shiny shiny shiny Boots of Leather'' [http://www.lyricsdomain.com/22/velvet_underground/shiny_shiny_shiny_boots_of_leather.html Lyrics], a hymn of the SM/Fetish-scene: "dark and shiny... patent boots... [http://www.lorraineelement.com/links.htm mackintoshes]..." reads like catchwords from the covers of [http://www.atomage.co.uk/index.html Atomage Magazine], whose editor, btw, did the costumes for the TV-Series [http://dissolute.com.au/avweb/fashion1.html The Avengers].

'''...students of the chimpanzee...''' 
A stetch? According to a paper done by Arthur W. Epstein (1987), (male) chimpanzees and other primates might develop a fetish: "The endowing of an object with ... [erotic associations] has been noted in a zoo-dwelling chimpanzee ... who displayed sexual arousal toward one specific object, a rubber boot.... The chimpanzee quickly approached, gazed at the boot and handled it. The penis became erect and was touched to the boot. Shortly thereafter, manual self-stimulation and ejaculation occurred. The ejaculate was then consumed. This response was said to be invariable and occurred whether the boot was worn by a keeper or simply placed in the cage. (pp. 143-144)" [http://www.scottsdalecc.edu/ricker/psy101/readings/Section_3/3-1.html source]

'''marcasite''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcasite Wikipedia]

Marcasite, in keeping with the idea of bilocations and doubles, is also a ''twinned'' mineral, it's opposing pair being pyrite (fool's gold), much as diamonds are twinned with graphite.
[http://www.galleries.com/minerals/sulfides/marcasit/marcasit.htm]

'''queasy albedo''' 
Albedo is the ratio of reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation power. It is a unitless measure indicative of a surface's or body's reflectivity. The word is derived from albus, a Latin word for "white".

'''streetlighting... luminous equivalent of a ...shriek''' 
Thematic. 

Whitechapel and white color theme all over.

==Page 679==

'''co-tenant of Tarot Card XV...Renfrew 
Werfner is other co-tenant surely. 
Card XV is the Devil.

'''K. & K. Landwehr''' 
German. ''K. und K.'' or ''K-K'', Kaiserlich-Königlich, Imperial and Royal. ''Landwehr,'' a section of the "joint" Austro-Hungarian Army over which only the Austrian (as disctinct from Austro-Hungarian) government had authority.

'''''slightly more mineral''''' 
cf Frank's "mineral condition", [[ATD_374-396#Page_395|page 395]].

==Page 680==

'''"including the blood everyone's come for"''' 
The audience at a musical about Jack the Ripper 'comes for blood'? Revenge
motivations even here? Notice response of other audience member...

'''''Sowieso''''' 
German: anyway.

==Page 681==

'''''Liebestod''''' 
German: love-death. Denotes in particular the climactic scene in Wagner's opera ''Tristan und Isolde,'' but here means the fatal end of an affair. And Rudolf's unfortunate love-death led to Austria's death-love thru Ferdinand!?

'''''Fachsimpelei''''' 
German: shop talk.

'''''Ach, die Vetsera''''' 
German: ah, the Vetsera. Baroness Mary Vetsera was the mistress of Crown Prince Rudolf. In 1889 both were found dead at the Mayerling hunting lodge.

'''''cherchons la femme''''' 
French: let us seek the woman. The phrase usually means to look for the woman who has set events in motion; here it's used ironically to mean that focusing on the search for the woman will mask any questions about Rudolf and his father.

'''[Pynchon thru]Khautsch links the first famous serial killer in history, Jack the Ripper, with the assassination of Crown Prince Rudolf--he could have been at Mayerling!--and the serial genocidal killings of Austria? "Railway depot...gates disposed radially in all directions"...p.683 "lives by the trainload"...
The implication, though, is that all of those thousands of potential murderers were, in fact, the one true murderer--that each of the victims was killed by an unspecified but potentially enormous number of killers, simultaneously...

==Page 683==

'''gemütlicher alter Junge''' 
German: good old boy.

'''some symmetry was being broken''' 
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in physics takes place when a system that is symmetric with respect to some symmetry group goes into a vacuum state that is not symmetric. At this point the system no longer appears to behave in a symmetric manner. A common example to help explain this phenomenon is a ball sitting on top of a hill. This ball is in a completely symmetric state. However, it is not a stable one: the ball can easily roll down the hill. At some point, the ball will spontaneously roll down the hill in one direction or another. The symmetry has been broken because the direction the ball rolled down in has now been singled out from other directions [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneously_broken_symmetry].

Here, the meaning appears to be that the equilibrium of the twinned professors is broken; Werfner is in London, where he "should not be" (Renfrew's territory); a historical stasis has been broken; this must mean something. Perhaps a foreshadowing of the collapse of the Great Power "symmetry" of 1814 to 1914.

==Page 685==

'''[D.C.]''' 
Musical direction, Italian: da capo = (repeat) from the top.

'''''impersonating British idiots''''' 
Again and again in ''AtD'' we see the vital importance of being able to act the part of an idiot.

'''Lew, detective realizing he is also a hired hand, has an epiphany into bilocation/doubling theme re Renfrew and Werfner.''' 
"kept separate.. [by].. two distinct kinds of light."'''p. 686 

==Page 686==
'''Dr. Otto Ghloix''' 
p. 132 & 148.

'''Pure Land''' 
Shambala but any other meanings?

==Page 687==

'''''Plafond Lumineux''''' 
French: luminous ceiling.

==Page 688==

'''we risk being divided in two . . . Atonement, in any case comes much later''' 
A superbly constructed wordplay. "Atonement" means seeking and gaining release from guilt or ostracism, but the word is constructed from "at one." So the risk of splitting in two is followed, at length, by becoming one again.

==Page 690==

'''irreversible, pitiless''' 
Definition of a Doomsday Machine. See ''Dr. Strangelove'' and too many other authorities to count.

'''Charlottenburg''' 
District of Berlin, west and south of the city center. Woods, a castle.

==Page 691==

'''carbonyl chloride''' 
Phosgene.

==Page 692==
'''"No one seemed to be in charge"''' 
the non-violent situation and meaning of anarchism. Things still worked and Lew on the naxt page felt free, released from a "contract", the social, political contract?

==Page 693==
'''scabland''' 
An elevated area of barren rocky land with little or no soil cover, often crossed by dry stream channels. Often used in the plural.

==References==
<references/>

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 678-694

2007-02-02T10:19:07Z

Phidre: /* Page 679 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 678==

'''exhibiting that sinister British craving for the dark and shiny...''' 
Perhaps an Orwellian reference here:

:'It's this bloody thing that does it,' she said, ripping off the scarlet sash of the Junior Anti-Sex League and flinging it on to a bough. Then, as though touching her waist had reminded her of something, she felt in the pocket of her overalls and produced a small slab of chocolate. She broke it in half and gave one of the pieces to Winston. Even before he had taken it he knew by the smell that it was very unusual chocolate. '''It was dark and shiny''', and was wrapped in silver paper.<ref>''1984'', George Orwell, 1948, Ch. X</ref>

The whole paragraph also recalls the Velvet Underground Song ''Shiny shiny shiny Boots of Leather'' [http://www.lyricsdomain.com/22/velvet_underground/shiny_shiny_shiny_boots_of_leather.html Lyrics], a hymn of the SM/Fetish-scene: "dark and shiny... patent boots... [http://www.lorraineelement.com/links.htm mackintoshes]..." reads like catchwords from the covers of [http://www.atomage.co.uk/index.html Atomage Magazine], whose editor, btw, did the costumes for the TV-Series [http://dissolute.com.au/avweb/fashion1.html The Avengers].

'''...students of the chimpanzee...''' 
A stetch? According to a paper done by Arthur W. Epstein (1987), (male) chimpanzees and other primates might develop a fetish: "The endowing of an object with ... [erotic associations] has been noted in a zoo-dwelling chimpanzee ... who displayed sexual arousal toward one specific object, a rubber boot.... The chimpanzee quickly approached, gazed at the boot and handled it. The penis became erect and was touched to the boot. Shortly thereafter, manual self-stimulation and ejaculation occurred. The ejaculate was then consumed. This response was said to be invariable and occurred whether the boot was worn by a keeper or simply placed in the cage. (pp. 143-144)" [http://www.scottsdalecc.edu/ricker/psy101/readings/Section_3/3-1.html source]

'''marcasite''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcasite Wikipedia]

Marcasite, in keeping with the idea of bilocations and doubles, is also a ''twinned'' mineral, it's opposing pair being pyrite (fool's gold), much as diamonds are twinned with graphite.
[http://www.galleries.com/minerals/sulfides/marcasit/marcasit.htm]

'''queasy albedo''' 
Albedo is the ratio of reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation power. It is a unitless measure indicative of a surface's or body's reflectivity. The word is derived from albus, a Latin word for "white".

'''streetlighting... luminous equivalent of a ...shriek''' 
Thematic. 

Whitechapel and white color theme all over.

==Page 679==

'''co-tenant of Tarot Card XV...Renfrew 
Werfner is other co-tenant surely. 
Card XV is the Devil.

'''K. & K. Landwehr''' 
German. ''K. und K.'' or ''K-K'', Kaiserlich-Königlich, Imperial and Royal. ''Landwehr,'' a section of the "joint" Austro-Hungarian Army over which only the Austrian (as disctinct from Austro-Hungarian) government had authority.

'''''slightly more mineral''''' 
cf Frank's "mineral condition", [[ATD_374-396#Page_395|page 395]].

==Page 680==

'''''Sowieso''''' 
German: anyway.

'''"including the blood everyone's come for"''' 
The audience at a musical about Jack the Ripper 'comes for blood'? Revenge
motivations even here? Notice response of other audience member...

==Page 681==

'''''Liebestod''''' 
German: love-death. Denotes in particular the climactic scene in Wagner's opera ''Tristan und Isolde,'' but here means the fatal end of an affair. And Rudolf's unfortunate love-death led to Austria's death-love thru Ferdinand!?

'''''Fachsimpelei''''' 
German: shop talk.

'''''Ach, die Vetsera''''' 
German: ah, the Vetsera. Baroness Mary Vetsera was the mistress of Crown Prince Rudolf. In 1889 both were found dead at the Mayerling hunting lodge.

'''''cherchons la femme''''' 
French: let us seek the woman. The phrase usually means to look for the woman who has set events in motion; here it's used ironically to mean that focusing on the search for the woman will mask any questions about Rudolf and his father.

'''[Pynchon thru]Khautsch links the first famous serial killer in history, Jack the Ripper, with the assassination of Crown Prince Rudolf--he could have been at Mayerling!--and the serial genocidal killings of Austria? "Railway depot...gates disposed radially in all directions"...p.683 "lives by the trainload"...
The implication, though, is that all of those thousands of potential murderers were, in fact, the one true murderer--that each of the victims was killed by an unspecified but potentially enormous number of killers, simultaneously...

==Page 683==

'''gemütlicher alter Junge''' 
German: good old boy.

'''some symmetry was being broken''' 
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in physics takes place when a system that is symmetric with respect to some symmetry group goes into a vacuum state that is not symmetric. At this point the system no longer appears to behave in a symmetric manner. A common example to help explain this phenomenon is a ball sitting on top of a hill. This ball is in a completely symmetric state. However, it is not a stable one: the ball can easily roll down the hill. At some point, the ball will spontaneously roll down the hill in one direction or another. The symmetry has been broken because the direction the ball rolled down in has now been singled out from other directions [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneously_broken_symmetry].

Here, the meaning appears to be that the equilibrium of the twinned professors is broken; Werfner is in London, where he "should not be" (Renfrew's territory); a historical stasis has been broken; this must mean something. Perhaps a foreshadowing of the collapse of the Great Power "symmetry" of 1814 to 1914.

==Page 685==

'''[D.C.]''' 
Musical direction, Italian: da capo = (repeat) from the top.

'''''impersonating British idiots''''' 
Again and again in ''AtD'' we see the vital importance of being able to act the part of an idiot.

'''Lew, detective realizing he is also a hired hand, has an epiphany into bilocation/doubling theme re Renfrew and Werfner.''' 
"kept separate.. [by].. two distinct kinds of light."'''p. 686 

==Page 686==
'''Dr. Otto Ghloix''' 
p. 132 & 148.

'''Pure Land''' 
Shambala but any other meanings?

==Page 687==

'''''Plafond Lumineux''''' 
French: luminous ceiling.

==Page 688==

'''we risk being divided in two . . . Atonement, in any case comes much later''' 
A superbly constructed wordplay. "Atonement" means seeking and gaining release from guilt or ostracism, but the word is constructed from "at one." So the risk of splitting in two is followed, at length, by becoming one again.

==Page 690==

'''irreversible, pitiless''' 
Definition of a Doomsday Machine. See ''Dr. Strangelove'' and too many other authorities to count.

'''Charlottenburg''' 
District of Berlin, west and south of the city center. Woods, a castle.

==Page 691==

'''carbonyl chloride''' 
Phosgene.

==Page 692==
'''"No one seemed to be in charge"''' 
the non-violent situation and meaning of anarchism. Things still worked and Lew on the naxt page felt free, released from a "contract", the social, political contract?

==Page 693==
'''scabland''' 
An elevated area of barren rocky land with little or no soil cover, often crossed by dry stream channels. Often used in the plural.

==References==
<references/>

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 678-694

2007-02-02T10:18:45Z

Phidre: /* Page 679 */ mineral condition

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 678==

'''exhibiting that sinister British craving for the dark and shiny...''' 
Perhaps an Orwellian reference here:

:'It's this bloody thing that does it,' she said, ripping off the scarlet sash of the Junior Anti-Sex League and flinging it on to a bough. Then, as though touching her waist had reminded her of something, she felt in the pocket of her overalls and produced a small slab of chocolate. She broke it in half and gave one of the pieces to Winston. Even before he had taken it he knew by the smell that it was very unusual chocolate. '''It was dark and shiny''', and was wrapped in silver paper.<ref>''1984'', George Orwell, 1948, Ch. X</ref>

The whole paragraph also recalls the Velvet Underground Song ''Shiny shiny shiny Boots of Leather'' [http://www.lyricsdomain.com/22/velvet_underground/shiny_shiny_shiny_boots_of_leather.html Lyrics], a hymn of the SM/Fetish-scene: "dark and shiny... patent boots... [http://www.lorraineelement.com/links.htm mackintoshes]..." reads like catchwords from the covers of [http://www.atomage.co.uk/index.html Atomage Magazine], whose editor, btw, did the costumes for the TV-Series [http://dissolute.com.au/avweb/fashion1.html The Avengers].

'''...students of the chimpanzee...''' 
A stetch? According to a paper done by Arthur W. Epstein (1987), (male) chimpanzees and other primates might develop a fetish: "The endowing of an object with ... [erotic associations] has been noted in a zoo-dwelling chimpanzee ... who displayed sexual arousal toward one specific object, a rubber boot.... The chimpanzee quickly approached, gazed at the boot and handled it. The penis became erect and was touched to the boot. Shortly thereafter, manual self-stimulation and ejaculation occurred. The ejaculate was then consumed. This response was said to be invariable and occurred whether the boot was worn by a keeper or simply placed in the cage. (pp. 143-144)" [http://www.scottsdalecc.edu/ricker/psy101/readings/Section_3/3-1.html source]

'''marcasite''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcasite Wikipedia]

Marcasite, in keeping with the idea of bilocations and doubles, is also a ''twinned'' mineral, it's opposing pair being pyrite (fool's gold), much as diamonds are twinned with graphite.
[http://www.galleries.com/minerals/sulfides/marcasit/marcasit.htm]

'''queasy albedo''' 
Albedo is the ratio of reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation power. It is a unitless measure indicative of a surface's or body's reflectivity. The word is derived from albus, a Latin word for "white".

'''streetlighting... luminous equivalent of a ...shriek''' 
Thematic. 

Whitechapel and white color theme all over.

==Page 679==

'''co-tenant of Tarot Card XV...Renfrew 
Werfner is other co-tenant surely. 
Card XV is the Devil.

'''K. & K. Landwehr''' 
German. ''K. und K.'' or ''K-K'', Kaiserlich-Königlich, Imperial and Royal. ''Landwehr,'' a section of the "joint" Austro-Hungarian Army over which only the Austrian (as disctinct from Austro-Hungarian) government had authority.

'''''slightly more mineral''''' 
cf Frank's "mineral condition", [[ATD_374-396#Page_395|page 395]].

==Page 680==

'''''Sowieso''''' 
German: anyway.

'''"including the blood everyone's come for"''' 
The audience at a musical about Jack the Ripper 'comes for blood'? Revenge
motivations even here? Notice response of other audience member...

==Page 681==

'''''Liebestod''''' 
German: love-death. Denotes in particular the climactic scene in Wagner's opera ''Tristan und Isolde,'' but here means the fatal end of an affair. And Rudolf's unfortunate love-death led to Austria's death-love thru Ferdinand!?

'''''Fachsimpelei''''' 
German: shop talk.

'''''Ach, die Vetsera''''' 
German: ah, the Vetsera. Baroness Mary Vetsera was the mistress of Crown Prince Rudolf. In 1889 both were found dead at the Mayerling hunting lodge.

'''''cherchons la femme''''' 
French: let us seek the woman. The phrase usually means to look for the woman who has set events in motion; here it's used ironically to mean that focusing on the search for the woman will mask any questions about Rudolf and his father.

'''[Pynchon thru]Khautsch links the first famous serial killer in history, Jack the Ripper, with the assassination of Crown Prince Rudolf--he could have been at Mayerling!--and the serial genocidal killings of Austria? "Railway depot...gates disposed radially in all directions"...p.683 "lives by the trainload"...
The implication, though, is that all of those thousands of potential murderers were, in fact, the one true murderer--that each of the victims was killed by an unspecified but potentially enormous number of killers, simultaneously...

==Page 683==

'''gemütlicher alter Junge''' 
German: good old boy.

'''some symmetry was being broken''' 
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in physics takes place when a system that is symmetric with respect to some symmetry group goes into a vacuum state that is not symmetric. At this point the system no longer appears to behave in a symmetric manner. A common example to help explain this phenomenon is a ball sitting on top of a hill. This ball is in a completely symmetric state. However, it is not a stable one: the ball can easily roll down the hill. At some point, the ball will spontaneously roll down the hill in one direction or another. The symmetry has been broken because the direction the ball rolled down in has now been singled out from other directions [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneously_broken_symmetry].

Here, the meaning appears to be that the equilibrium of the twinned professors is broken; Werfner is in London, where he "should not be" (Renfrew's territory); a historical stasis has been broken; this must mean something. Perhaps a foreshadowing of the collapse of the Great Power "symmetry" of 1814 to 1914.

==Page 685==

'''[D.C.]''' 
Musical direction, Italian: da capo = (repeat) from the top.

'''''impersonating British idiots''''' 
Again and again in ''AtD'' we see the vital importance of being able to act the part of an idiot.

'''Lew, detective realizing he is also a hired hand, has an epiphany into bilocation/doubling theme re Renfrew and Werfner.''' 
"kept separate.. [by].. two distinct kinds of light."'''p. 686 

==Page 686==
'''Dr. Otto Ghloix''' 
p. 132 & 148.

'''Pure Land''' 
Shambala but any other meanings?

==Page 687==

'''''Plafond Lumineux''''' 
French: luminous ceiling.

==Page 688==

'''we risk being divided in two . . . Atonement, in any case comes much later''' 
A superbly constructed wordplay. "Atonement" means seeking and gaining release from guilt or ostracism, but the word is constructed from "at one." So the risk of splitting in two is followed, at length, by becoming one again.

==Page 690==

'''irreversible, pitiless''' 
Definition of a Doomsday Machine. See ''Dr. Strangelove'' and too many other authorities to count.

'''Charlottenburg''' 
District of Berlin, west and south of the city center. Woods, a castle.

==Page 691==

'''carbonyl chloride''' 
Phosgene.

==Page 692==
'''"No one seemed to be in charge"''' 
the non-violent situation and meaning of anarchism. Things still worked and Lew on the naxt page felt free, released from a "contract", the social, political contract?

==Page 693==
'''scabland''' 
An elevated area of barren rocky land with little or no soil cover, often crossed by dry stream channels. Often used in the plural.

==References==
<references/>

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 678-694

2007-02-02T10:04:59Z

Phidre: /* Page 678 */ typo

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 678==

'''exhibiting that sinister British craving for the dark and shiny...''' 
Perhaps an Orwellian reference here:

:'It's this bloody thing that does it,' she said, ripping off the scarlet sash of the Junior Anti-Sex League and flinging it on to a bough. Then, as though touching her waist had reminded her of something, she felt in the pocket of her overalls and produced a small slab of chocolate. She broke it in half and gave one of the pieces to Winston. Even before he had taken it he knew by the smell that it was very unusual chocolate. '''It was dark and shiny''', and was wrapped in silver paper.<ref>''1984'', George Orwell, 1948, Ch. X</ref>

The whole paragraph also recalls the Velvet Underground Song ''Shiny shiny shiny Boots of Leather'' [http://www.lyricsdomain.com/22/velvet_underground/shiny_shiny_shiny_boots_of_leather.html Lyrics], a hymn of the SM/Fetish-scene: "dark and shiny... patent boots... [http://www.lorraineelement.com/links.htm mackintoshes]..." reads like catchwords from the covers of [http://www.atomage.co.uk/index.html Atomage Magazine], whose editor, btw, did the costumes for the TV-Series [http://dissolute.com.au/avweb/fashion1.html The Avengers].

'''...students of the chimpanzee...''' 
A stetch? According to a paper done by Arthur W. Epstein (1987), (male) chimpanzees and other primates might develop a fetish: "The endowing of an object with ... [erotic associations] has been noted in a zoo-dwelling chimpanzee ... who displayed sexual arousal toward one specific object, a rubber boot.... The chimpanzee quickly approached, gazed at the boot and handled it. The penis became erect and was touched to the boot. Shortly thereafter, manual self-stimulation and ejaculation occurred. The ejaculate was then consumed. This response was said to be invariable and occurred whether the boot was worn by a keeper or simply placed in the cage. (pp. 143-144)" [http://www.scottsdalecc.edu/ricker/psy101/readings/Section_3/3-1.html source]

'''marcasite''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcasite Wikipedia]

Marcasite, in keeping with the idea of bilocations and doubles, is also a ''twinned'' mineral, it's opposing pair being pyrite (fool's gold), much as diamonds are twinned with graphite.
[http://www.galleries.com/minerals/sulfides/marcasit/marcasit.htm]

'''queasy albedo''' 
Albedo is the ratio of reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation power. It is a unitless measure indicative of a surface's or body's reflectivity. The word is derived from albus, a Latin word for "white".

'''streetlighting... luminous equivalent of a ...shriek''' 
Thematic. 

Whitechapel and white color theme all over.

==Page 679==

'''co-tenant of Tarot Card XV...Renfrew 
Werfner is other co-tenant surely. 
Card XV is the Devil.

'''K. & K. Landwehr''' 
German. ''K. und K.'' or ''K-K'', Kaiserlich-Königlich, Imperial and Royal. ''Landwehr,'' a section of the "joint" Austro-Hungarian Army over which only the Austrian (as disctinct from Austro-Hungarian) government had authority.

==Page 680==

'''''Sowieso''''' 
German: anyway.

'''"including the blood everyone's come for"''' 
The audience at a musical about Jack the Ripper 'comes for blood'? Revenge
motivations even here? Notice response of other audience member...

==Page 681==

'''''Liebestod''''' 
German: love-death. Denotes in particular the climactic scene in Wagner's opera ''Tristan und Isolde,'' but here means the fatal end of an affair. And Rudolf's unfortunate love-death led to Austria's death-love thru Ferdinand!?

'''''Fachsimpelei''''' 
German: shop talk.

'''''Ach, die Vetsera''''' 
German: ah, the Vetsera. Baroness Mary Vetsera was the mistress of Crown Prince Rudolf. In 1889 both were found dead at the Mayerling hunting lodge.

'''''cherchons la femme''''' 
French: let us seek the woman. The phrase usually means to look for the woman who has set events in motion; here it's used ironically to mean that focusing on the search for the woman will mask any questions about Rudolf and his father.

'''[Pynchon thru]Khautsch links the first famous serial killer in history, Jack the Ripper, with the assassination of Crown Prince Rudolf--he could have been at Mayerling!--and the serial genocidal killings of Austria? "Railway depot...gates disposed radially in all directions"...p.683 "lives by the trainload"...
The implication, though, is that all of those thousands of potential murderers were, in fact, the one true murderer--that each of the victims was killed by an unspecified but potentially enormous number of killers, simultaneously...

==Page 683==

'''gemütlicher alter Junge''' 
German: good old boy.

'''some symmetry was being broken''' 
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in physics takes place when a system that is symmetric with respect to some symmetry group goes into a vacuum state that is not symmetric. At this point the system no longer appears to behave in a symmetric manner. A common example to help explain this phenomenon is a ball sitting on top of a hill. This ball is in a completely symmetric state. However, it is not a stable one: the ball can easily roll down the hill. At some point, the ball will spontaneously roll down the hill in one direction or another. The symmetry has been broken because the direction the ball rolled down in has now been singled out from other directions [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneously_broken_symmetry].

Here, the meaning appears to be that the equilibrium of the twinned professors is broken; Werfner is in London, where he "should not be" (Renfrew's territory); a historical stasis has been broken; this must mean something. Perhaps a foreshadowing of the collapse of the Great Power "symmetry" of 1814 to 1914.

==Page 685==

'''[D.C.]''' 
Musical direction, Italian: da capo = (repeat) from the top.

'''''impersonating British idiots''''' 
Again and again in ''AtD'' we see the vital importance of being able to act the part of an idiot.

'''Lew, detective realizing he is also a hired hand, has an epiphany into bilocation/doubling theme re Renfrew and Werfner.''' 
"kept separate.. [by].. two distinct kinds of light."'''p. 686 

==Page 686==
'''Dr. Otto Ghloix''' 
p. 132 & 148.

'''Pure Land''' 
Shambala but any other meanings?

==Page 687==

'''''Plafond Lumineux''''' 
French: luminous ceiling.

==Page 688==

'''we risk being divided in two . . . Atonement, in any case comes much later''' 
A superbly constructed wordplay. "Atonement" means seeking and gaining release from guilt or ostracism, but the word is constructed from "at one." So the risk of splitting in two is followed, at length, by becoming one again.

==Page 690==

'''irreversible, pitiless''' 
Definition of a Doomsday Machine. See ''Dr. Strangelove'' and too many other authorities to count.

'''Charlottenburg''' 
District of Berlin, west and south of the city center. Woods, a castle.

==Page 691==

'''carbonyl chloride''' 
Phosgene.

==Page 692==
'''"No one seemed to be in charge"''' 
the non-violent situation and meaning of anarchism. Things still worked and Lew on the naxt page felt free, released from a "contract", the social, political contract?

==Page 693==
'''scabland''' 
An elevated area of barren rocky land with little or no soil cover, often crossed by dry stream channels. Often used in the plural.

==References==
<references/>

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}