Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

T

2007-06-28T07:31:13Z

Cal: Tetractys

'''Tabor, Horace Austin Warner ("Haw")''' 
274; Became mayor of Leadville in 1878, the year of the Colorado Silver Boom, in which he made his fortune. Owned the Matchless silver mine, which, after his death in 1899, his widow, [http://www.babydoe.org/babydoe.htm Elizabeth "Baby Doe" Tabor] maintained for 36 years. She lived in a shack beside the mine until she froze to death in 1935. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAW_Tabor Wikipedia entry]

'''tableau vivant''' 
344; French for "living picture", a kind of performance [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_vivant], recalls Zoyd's fake-glass-breaking show in Vineland.

[[image:Tait.jpg|thumb|P. G. Tait|right]]'''Tait, Peter Guthrie (P. G.) (1831-1901)''' 
324; Scottish mathematician who helped formulate [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/knot_theory knot theory] (the study of the way a closed curve can be embedded in three dimensional space without intersecting itself. Intuitively, one may "make a knot" by tying a knot in an ordinary piece of string and then fusing together the free ends of the string. Associated with any knot is its knot group which is the fundamental group of the space obtained by removing the knot from the R3 in which it is embedded). He studied at the University of Edinburgh where he studied with [[ATD-M#maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]]. Beginning in 1854, he taught at Queen's College, Belfast. When [[ATD-H#hamilton|Hamilton]] died in 1865, Tait took over the crusade to give quaternions a leading role in mathematical physics. [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Tait.html Biography of P. G. Tait]; [[Tait Discussion|DISCUSSION]]

'''Taklamakan War''' 
444; The Taklamakan (also Taklimakan) is a desert of Central Asia, in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It is known as the largest sand-only desert in the world. Some references fancifully state that Taklamakan means "if you go in, you won't come out"; others state that it means "Desert of Death" or "Place of No Return". "Makan" is a Turkic word meaning "place", of Arabic origin: the word may mean something different if treated as original pre-Islamic native Turkic; It is crossed at its northern and at its southern edge by two branches of the Silk Road; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taklamakan Wikpedia entry]

'''Talking Creatures''' 
Parrot, 385, 387; rabbits, 579; reindeer, 785; dog, 969;

'''Tamerlane''' 
tomb of, 761; Tīmūr bin Taraghay Barlas (Chagatai Turkic: تیمور - Tēmōr, "iron") (1336 – February 1405) was a 14th century warlord of Turco-Mongol descent, conqueror of much of Western and central Asia, and founder of the Timurid Empire and Timurid dynasty (1370–1405) in Central Asia, which survived in some form until 1857. Perhaps, he is more commonly known by his pejorative Persian name Timur-e Lang (Persian: تیمور لنگ) which translates to Timur the Lame, as he was lame after sustaining an injury to the leg in battle. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamerlane More from Wikipedia...]

'''Tammanoid''' 
150; creatures, 150; Tammany Hall was the name given to the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in New York City politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall Wikipedia entry]

<div id="tancredi"></div>'''Tancredi, Andrea''' 
584; Anarchist in Venice, and painter; the "infernal machine" 586; 738;

Tancredi is a time-traveling character in ''City of Death'', a four-part serial in the British science fiction television series ''Dr. Who'' which involves time travel and bilocation. Tancredi is the sole survivor of the Jagaroth race, an evil people who destroyed themselves in a war some 400 million years ago. Tancredi explains that a few escaped in a dilapidated spacecraft and found Earth in a primeval, lifeless stage of its development. The ship disintegrated upon takeoff and [[Scaroth]] tells of how he was fractured in time, splinters of his being were scattered across time and space, all identical, none complete. Whereas, in ''City of Death'', Tancredi, one of the Scaroff "splinters" living in Renaissance Italy, is plotting to create multiple Mona Lisa's for fraudulent purposes, ''Against the Day'''s Tancredi is fighting art fraud. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Death Read the synopsis of ''City of Death'']; The name "Andrea" ''could'' be a reference to the protagonist Andrea Marsh, a time-traveler in the 1889 novel, ''Timeless Love'' by Judy Hinson ([[Timeless Love|synopsis]]).

'''''tantum dic verbo''''' 
447; typically translated to English as the imperative "only say the word," appears in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgate Vulgate] [http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/vul/mat008.htm Matthew 8] (the Centurion's response to Christ) as well as during the [http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/FuseAction/Text/Index/4/SubIndex/67/ContentIndex/11/Start/9 Liturgy of the Eucharist] (at least in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_liturgy Catholic Liturgy].)

'''Tarahumare Indians''' 
23; Indian tribe of Northern New Mexico, in the Sierra Madres; 388; 920; and the mysterious biplane, 927; ''running-sticks'', 927; [[Tarahumare Indians|About the Tarahumare Indians]]; [http://www.native-languages.org/tarahumara.htm more].

'''Taranatha (1575-1634)''' 
Tibetan scholar, 766; a Lama of the Jonang school of Tibetan Buddhism. He is widely considered its most remarkable scholar and exponent. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taranatha Wikipedia entry]

'''Tarot''' 
186; 253; Hanged Man (XII), 605-06; "Number XV, The Devil" 686; 900; [http://www.sacred-texts.com/tarot/pkt/index.htm The Waite Tarot Deck with Illustrations by Pamela Colman Smith]

'''Tate, Professor''' 
131; three dimensions

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
655; a stubby cryptid, a rumored animal two to six feet in length, possessing two front legs, while the rest of the body resembles that of a snake. Local folklore says the creature breathes deadly fumes that can kill a person. The creature has been said to exist for hundreds of years in tales of the Alps of Austria, Bavaria and Switzerland; "a snake with paws" 655; speaks, 659; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Wikpedia entry]

'''Tavernier-Gravet slide rules''' 
497; Tavernier-Gravet were preeminent Parisian makers of logarithmic slide rules (an analog computer) in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Originally Lenoir, the firm became Gravet-Lenoir, then Tavernier-Gravet.

'''Tawil Balak''' 
521; bar in Morocco

'''Tchernobyl''' 
784; 797; Chernobyl: Russian = "wormwood"

:"And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters; And the name of the star is called Wormwood: and the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter."

:Revelation 8:10-11

The book of Revelation describes cataclysmic events that are to happen in the endtime. Part of these events are signaled by the blowing of seven trumpets by seven angels. At the sounding of the third trumpet in chapter 8, a great star called Wormwood was cast into the earth.

[http://www.seborabsinth.com/chronicles/wormwood/default.asp Wormwood and Absinthe]

'''Tears of Job''' 
"sky-pale translucent seeds" 394;

'''Teatro Malibran''' 
355; in Venice

<div id="telluric">'''Telluric Interior'''</div>
planetary axis-long intra-planetary shortcut that the Chums use to travel from the South to the North Pole, 114-118; "a mythical Interior," 128; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium Wikipedia entry for Tellurium.]
Cf. "the Ulterior," 130;

<div id="telluride">'''Telluride'''</div>
89; The Town of Telluride is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat of San Miguel County in the southwestern portion of the State of Colorado in the United States. The town is a former silver mining camp on the San Miguel River in the western San Juan Mountains. The town was named after the chemical element Tellurium, which was never actually found in the mountains of Telluride. Tellurium is a metalloid element that is associated with rich deposits of gold and some silver. An alternate theory for the naming of Telluride is that it is a contraction of "to-hell-you-ride." Telluride's mines were rich in zinc, iron, lead, copper, silver, and, of course, gold; 260; 383; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telluride,_Colorado Wikipedia entry]

'''Ten-Day Miner''' 
302; The terms "ten-day miner," "ten-day man," "ten-dayer" and "ten-day stiff" are common names for the "hobo miner," who worked in a camp only long enough to get a roadstake before setting out for the next camp. Such miners are also commonly referred to as "boomers," "ramblers," and "floaters," and less commonly as "grubstakers." An older designation, dating from the early mining history of the West ... is "Overlander." From "The Folklore, Customs, and Traditions of the Butte Miner" by Wayland D. Hand, ''California Folk Quaterly'', Vol. 5, No.1 (Jan 1946), pp.1-25.

'''Tengri Khan''' 
769; Khan Tengri (Uighur, translated as "Lord of the spirits", or "Lord of the sky"; or Turkic translated as "Ruler of Skies", "Ruler Tengri") is a mountain of the Tian Shan mountain range. It is located on the Kyrgyzstan—Kazakhstan border, east of lake Issyk Kul. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Tengri Wikipedia entry]

'''Tengyur''' 
787; The term “Tengyur” means “translations of treatises [on the pronouncements of the Buddha]” and consists of texts attributed to subsequent learned and realized masters of Buddhism. The Tengyur Collection is a large group of over 3,500 books written mostly in Sanskrit during the period from about 200 AD to 1000 AD, and later translated into Tibetan. These texts are often meant to explain the books of the Kangyur Collection, but also cover a very wide range of other subjects such as poetry, grammar, science, architecture, painting, and medicine.

'''Tennyson''' 
535;

'''Terapia''' 
570;

'''Teresa''' 
87; girl Webb fancies on his way to Colorado

'''Terrorism''' 
85; "monsters that Did the Deed" 85; innocent victims, 87; "radius of annihilation" 95; 732;

'''Tesla, Dr. Nikola''' (1856-1943) 
33; 97 - "Tesla logged in his diary on July 3, 1899 that a separate resonance transformer tuned to the same high frequency as a larger high-voltage resonance transformer would transceive energy from the larger coil, acting as a transmitter of wireless energy, which was used to confirm Tesla's patent for radio during later disputes in the courts. These air core high-frequency resonate coils were the predecessors of systems from radio to radar and medical magnetic resonance imaging devices." [http://www.crystalinks.com/tesla.html from this nice Tesla page] - This information was later used to confirm his patent for radio which he received posthumously in 1946, 3 years after his death - [http://www.resonanceresearch.com/nikola-tesla-coils-picture-colorado-1899-labratory.htm from this Tesla page]; Kit Traverse working for, 97; 326; tower, 401; 425; caused Tunguska by missing Peary? 794; his Magnifying Transformer, 801;
"Tesla rig" in Sofia, 950; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Wikipedia entry]; [[Tesla's_Death_Ray|Read this article about Tesla's Death Ray and the Tunguska Event...]]

'''Tesseract''' 
633; four-dimensional analog of a cube; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesseract Wikipedia entry]

'''Tetractys''' 
219; 957; The Tetractys is a triangular figure consisting of ten points arranged in four rows: one, two, three, and four points in each row. See "T.W.I.T."

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
701; "tall and careworn fuctionary" in Vienna; Book: Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'; and Spongiatosta, 731; in Trieste, 800; "He has gone mad" 864; "Rogue Elephant" 867; R.U.S.H., his "shadowing unit" 951; "the Future known to Italian Futurist" 1070;

In Henry James' novel ''The Outcry'', there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting ''Duchess of Waterbridge'' by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna, 705; Cyprian Latewood's "field advisor" 705;

'''Theosophy''' 
630; "A formal definition from the Concise Oxford Dictionary describes Theosophy as 'any of various philosophies professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation; esp. a modern movement following Hindu and Buddhist teachings, and seeking universal brotherhood.' Madame Blavatsky's theosophy would, however, not fall under this definiton, as it is non-theistic." -from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosophy Wikipedia entry]

'''They''' 
design the world to have unequal water distribution, 393; 410; 483; 719; 727;

'''Thick Bush''' 
8; town where Chick Counterfly was recognized as the son of "Dick" Counterfly

'''Thiel Detective Service Company''' 
171; a private detective agency formed by George H. Thiel, a former Civil War spy and Pinkerton employee [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiel_Detective_Service_Company Wikipedia entry]

'''Thorn, Ryder''' 
553; "one of the Trespassers" at ukulele workshop; Mr. Ace and "his people" 415; what if they are not benign? 416; and Miles, at Flanders, 1023;

'''Thornton, Eleanor''' 
1074; Dally's colleague who modeled for the Rolls-Royce hood ornament;

'''Thorvald''' 
453; recurring sentient tornado at Candlebrow;

'''Throyle, Hastings''' 
131; collegial nemesis of T. Blope

'''Thucydides''' 
493; "ancient Greek historian, and the author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BCE. This is widely considered the first work of scientific history, describing the human world as produced by men acting from ordinary motives, without the intervention of the gods." --from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thucydides wikipedia entry]

'''Time''' 
33; 54; 111; colonizing, 131; "at right angles to the flow of," ""possibility of linear time becoming circular," "immunity to Time," 132; "Christian time," 143; "Time itself was disrupted, a thouroughgoing and merciless foreswearing of Time," 148; New Yorkers' belief that "'there would always be time,'" 151; "[i]n a metropolis where Location was often the beginning, end, and entire story in between," 153; "the invasion of Time into a timeless world," 223; "'some disposition to the echoic . . . perhaps built into the nature of Time,'" 227; "Victoria's unbending refusals to consider the passage of Time," "impervious to the passage of Time," "immune to Time," "a flow that Time will never touch," "poles of a temporal flow between England and Hanover," 231; 252; 256; 355; "'d' toime machine,'" 397; the Time Machine described, 402; time travel, 398; First International Conference on Time-Travel, "Mr. H. G. Wells's novel ''The Time Machine''," 407; Nasotemporal Travel, 408; "Chronoclipses, Asimov Transeculars, Tempomorph Q-98s," "the safe harbor in Time," 409; "River of Time," 410; "Time did not so much elapse as grow less relevant," 412; "dismissing altogether the ''existence'' of Time as really too ridiculous to consider," 412; 415; "immersed at Candlebrow in the mysteries of Time," 418; wave functions and, 426; "'flight into the next dimension,'" "our fate, our lord, our destroyer," 427; 428; "travel backward or forward through Time," 438; conference at Candlebrow, "siegecraft of," 452; time machine, 453; bazaar of Time, 454; clock-wise/one-way time, "vulnerable to force of gravity," 457; and ukuleles, 552; time-travel, 577; "recognize the futuristic vehicle which had borne him to safety from the devasted City so long ago" 585; 602; 612; 616; "future, past, and present <nowiki>[...]</nowiki> all together" 617; 623; 636; time machine, 745; Tunguska, 782; time travel, 949; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel Wikipedia Time Travel entry]; [[Time in Old Japan|Time in Old Japan]]

[[image:Tintoretto_St-Mark.jpg|thumb|''The Abduction of the Body of St. Mark''|right]]'''Tintoretto (1518-1594)''' 
579; Tintoretto (real name Jacopo Robusti) was one of the greatest painters of the Venetian school and probably the last great painter of the Italian Renaissance; ''Abduction of the Body of St. Mark'', 579; angel visiting St. Mark painting, 860; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintoretto Wikipedia entry]

'''Tiny''' 
399; bouncer at Lollipop Lounge;

'''Titian''' 
579; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titian Wikipedia entry]

'''Toadflax, Captain Q. Zane''' 
425; '''Saksaul''' frigate, 434; also the name of an [http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/weedfeeders/toadflax.html invasive plant species]

'''toad-in-the-hole''' 
810;

'''Toilet Travel''' 
422;

'''Toltec Hotel''' 
1004; where Frank and Ewball stay "up near the Continental Divide" in Trinidad;

'''tommyknocker''' 
391; Tommyknockers are the spirit creatures of the underground. No one knows exactly when or where these tales began. They were present by medieval times in the area that is now Germany and Austria. Germans call them ''Berggeister'' or ''Bergmännlein'', meaning “mountain ghosts” or “little miners.” They watch over the earth’s precious ores and metals. They look like men, but are two feet tall or less. They wear the traditional miner’s outfit. They are believed to be active in gold, silver, and other metal mines. These spirits can be good or bad, helping or hurting miners. [http://www.blm.gov/heritage/HE_Kids/tommy_knock.htm More BLM info on Tommyknockers]

'''tong war''' 
340; in Chinatown in New York City; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong_%28organization%29 Wikipedia entry for Tong]

'''Topor''' 
788; "Siberian Short-ax genius";

'''toroidal dispensation''' 
128;

'''Tonio''' 
581; in Venice, hitting on Dally

'''Tour d'Argent''' 
sous-chef on the ''Inconvenience''

'''Tovarishchi Slutchainyi''' 
123; Russian counterparts to the Chums of Chance

[[image:topler-influence-machine.jpg|thumb|Töpler Influence Machine|right]]'''Töpler Influence Machine''' 
58; An electric machine consisting of the combination of two materials, which when rubbed together produce static electricity, and of a third material or object which acts as a collector for the charges. August Joseph Ignaz Töpler (1836-1912) was a German physicist known for his experiments in electrostatics. In 1864 he applied Foucault's knife-edge test for telescope mirrors to the analysis of fluid flow and the shock wave. He developed the Toepler machine, an electrostatic influence machine, in 1865 for use in X-ray photography. Improved versions were produced by Wilhelm Holtz, Roger and J. Robert Voss; [[Töpler influence machine]]

'''Toy, Yup''' 
367; "ice-girl" in Denver

'''Trabants''' 
45; German: ''satellite''; The Trabant was an automobile formerly produced by East German auto maker VEB Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau in Zwickau (today in Saxony). It was the most common vehicle in East Germany, and was also exported to other socialist countries. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabant Wikipedia entry]

'''tragedy at Mayerling''' 
681; refers to the double suicide of Crown Prince Rudolf and his mistress at Mayerling in Austria. [[ATD-R#rudolf|See Rudolf, Archduke, Crown Prince of Austria.]]

'''Transfiguration''' 
of Christ, 960; Balkan equivalent, 961; "fearful escape" into "pilgrimage or crusade" 964; 1005

'''Traverse''' 
Main Entry: tra·verse Pronunciation: 'tra-v&rs also -"v&rs, especially for 6 and 8 also tr&-' or tra-'Function: noun

Etymology: Middle English travers, from Anglo-French travers (as in a travers, de travers across), from Latin transversum (as in in transversum set crosswise), neuter of transversus lying across; senses 5-9 in part from 2traverse -- more at TRANSVERSE

1 : something that crosses or lies across
2 : OBSTACLE, ADVERSITY
3 : a formal denial of a matter of fact alleged by the opposing party in a legal pleading
4 a : a compartment or recess formed by a partition, curtain, or screen b : a gallery or loft providing access from one side to another in a large building
5 : a route or way across or over: as a : a zigzag course of a sailing ship with contrary winds b : a curving or zigzag way up a steep grade c : the course followed in traversing
6 : the act or an instance of traversing : CROSSING
7 : a protective projecting wall or bank of earth in a trench
8 a : a lateral movement (as of the saddle of a lathe carriage); also : a device for imparting such movement b : the lateral movement of a gun about a pivot or on a carriage to change direction of fire
9 : a line surveyed across a plot of ground
From Meriam-Webster online. (should be replaced by OED definitions by anyone with access due to its importance)

'''Traverse family tree''' 
It seems certain that the Traverses of ''Against the Day'' are the progenitors of the Traverses of ''Vineland'', described therein: "These were old, proud and strong union people, surviving in one of the world's worst antinunion environments - spool tenders, zooglers, water bucks and bull punchers [all logging jobs, btw] some had fought in the Everett mill wars, others from the Becker side had personally known [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Hill Joe Hill], and had not mourned, and organized......" [[Traverse Family Tree|More on the Traverse Family Tree...]]

'''Traverse, Cooley''' 
105; Webb's father

'''Traverse, Frank''' 
90; Webb's son; 374; working at Empresas Oustianas, S.A.,376; dreams of a counterpart, 377; 380; shoots Sloat Fresno, 395; in Nochecita, "his own ghost" 461; back in Denver, 465; and Dally, 512; working out of Tampico, Mexico, 637; recurring dream of Webb, 649; wounded in Mexico, 919; leaves Mexico, 994; with Stray and Jesse in Montana, 1075;

'''Traverse, Jesse''' 
360; son of Reef and Stray (and a character in Vineland); with Willow and Holt, 646; 650; at tent city, 1008;

'''Traverse, Kit''' 
90; Webb's youngest son who goes to Yale; Vectorist, 97; circuit rider, 98; 156; at Vibe Corp., 330; on ''Stupendica'' to Germany, and Dally, 510; to Bruges with Pino and Rocco, 562; attacked by Woevre, 563; dueling Günther, 600-01; in the ''Klapsmühle'', 626-27; meets Reef in Switzerland, 664; seance, 671; going to Inner Asia, 735;

'''Traverse, Lake''' 
90; Webb's daughter; marries Deuce, 266; a virgin bride, child of the storm, 267; fuckmouth whore, 268; and Deuce, 472; Child of the Storm, 487; [[Lake Traverse|DISCUSSION]]

'''Traverse, Mayva''' 
480; conversing with animals; at the Oust's in Denver, 979;

'''Traverse, Reef''' 
89; Webb's first-born son; Stray and Reef (now a card sharp) drifting from town to town, 358-61; dynamiting, 361; in Denver, 367; seen in New Orleans by W.T. Rooney, 646; with Flaco in Austria, 652; in Venice, "the faro dealer" 728; and Ruperta, 801; to America with Stray and Ljubica, 1074;

'''Traverse, Webb''' 
76; "sort of mine engineer in Colorado" 76; from South Pennsylvania, 87; [[Traverse Family Tree]]

'''Treaty of Berlin''' 
828;

'''Trespassers''' 
:Down where the ‘Hidden People’ live, inside their private rock dwellings, where humans who visit them can be closed in and never find a way out again. Iceland spar is what hides the Hidden People, makes it possible for them to move through the world that thinks of itself as ‘real,’ provides that all-important ninety-degree twist to their light, so they can exist alongside our own world but not be seen. They and others as well, visitors from elsewhere, of non-human aspect.

:“They have been crossing here, crossing over, between the worlds, for generations. Our ancestors knew them. Looking back over a thousand years, here is a time when their trespassings onto our shores at last converge, as in a vanishing-point, with those of the first Norse visitors.

:“They arrive here in criminal frames of mind, much like those early Norsemen, who were either fleeing retribution for offenses committed back where they came from or seeking new coastlines to pillage. Who in our excess of civilization strike us now as barbaric, incapable of mercy. Compared to these other Trespassers, however, they are the soul of civility.” - p.134

"There's no discovering them unless they choose so." 413; "We are here among you as seekers of refuge from our present—your future—a time of worldwide famine, exhausted fuel supplies, terminal poverty—the end of the capitalistic experiment." 415; time-travellers from The Future, 424; 793; and Aztlan, 926; Professors return to "the other side" 930;

'''Trilby hat''' 
185; "a soft felt men's hat with a narrow brim and a deeply indented crown. It is traditionally made from rabbit fur felt, but may also be made of other materials such as tweed" -from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilby Wikipedia entry]

'''Trouvé, Gustave''' 
28; developer of airscrew design in 1880s; "Trouvé-screw unit" photographed at Chicago

'''Trumper's''' 
224; Gentleman's barbers. "Established 1875 in Curzon Street, Mayfair, by Mr George Trumper, the business has served the needs of London gentlemen and members of the Royal Court for over 125 years, and has been honoured with the Royal Warrant of Queen Victoria and five subsequent monarchs." [http://www.trumpers.com/ Website]

'''Tsangpo-Brahmaputra''' 
130; The Yarlung Tsangpo/Brahmaputra river drains a large portion of the eastern Himalaya and southern Tibetan plateau as well as the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, one of the most tectonically active areas of the globe.

'''Tsurigane, Miss Umeki''' 
531; "umeki" is Japanese for "plum tree"; "tsurigane" is Japanese for "hanging bell" [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,807497,00.html?promoid=googlep]; female Quaternionist; Umeki and Kit, 560; Umeki and Auberon Halfcourt on Corfu, 974;

'''Tubby''' 
161; trained pig

'''Tubsmith, Root''' 
511; mathematician on Stupendica; in Ostend, 535;

'''Tucker, Benjamin''' 
370; wrote of Land League;

'''Tungus Reindeer herders''' 
23;

<div id="tunguska"></div>'''Tunguska Event''' 
145; 764; 775; and time-travel effects of, 778-781; 782 784; 792, passim; an explosion that occurred at 60°55′N 101°57′E, near the Podkamennaya (Under Rock) Tunguska River in what is now Evenk Autonomous Okrug, at 7:17 AM on June 30, 1908. The event is sometimes referred to as the great Siberian explosion. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_Event Wikipedia entry]; [[Tesla's_Death_Ray|Read this article about Tesla's Death Ray and the Tunguska Event...]]

'''Turkish Corner''' 
431;

'''Turania''' 
761; aka Eurasia Irridenta; The name is derived from Turan an ancient Persian name for the land to the east of Iran. Turanism or Pan-Turanism is a political movement aiming at uniting the various Turkic peoples of the Russian empire.

'''Turner, Freddie''' 
52; professor at Harvard. It turns out that there is a present-day academic with the name Fred Turner ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Turner_%28academic%29 Wikipedia entry]
) who used to teach Communication at Harvard's JFK School of Government between 1989-2000, before moving to MIT and Stanford. Interestingly enough, he is the author of a book titled ''From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism''. 

'''Turner, Frederick Jackson (1861-1932)''' 
Unlike Freddie, Frederick Jackson Turner didn't make it to Harvard until 1910. Nonetheless, FJT did deliver his famous [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontier_Thesis "frontier thesis"] in a paper to the American Historical Association on July 12, 1893, during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbian_Exposition Columbian Exposition] and on the site of the present-day Art Institute of Chicago, a scant couple of blocks away from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmer_House Palmer House]. The apocalyptic tone of the Inconvenience's tour of the Chicago stockyards fits well with Turner's claim that the closure of the frontier marks an end of America—or at least the end of a first period of American history—as well as the virtuous individualism, democracy, and freedom of movement that defined that America. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Jackson_Turner Frederick Jackson Turner Wikipedia entry]

[[image:Dido-Building-Carthage.jpg|thumb|''Dido Building Carthage''|left]]'''Turner, Joseph Mallord William (1775-1851)''' 
578; English Romantic landscape painter and watercolourist, whose style can be said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism; ''Dido Building Carthage'' - "steal from the best" 897; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._W._Turner Wikipedia entry]

From [http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/cgi-bin/WebObjects.dll/CollectionPublisher.woa/wa/work?workNumber=NG498 The National Gallery website]:

''Dido building Carthage, or The Rise of the Carthaginian Empire'' (1815) is one of Turner's most ambitious imitations of the 17th-century French painter Claude. The subject, inspired by Virgil's epic Latin poem, the ''Aeneid'', is the building of the North African city of Carthage, which Dido founded. The figure in white on the left is Dido, and on the right is the tomb erected for her dead husband, Sichaeus. In front of Dido is a figure who may be Aeneas: Virgil tells of their love affair, and of Dido's suicide following his departure. Turner was attracted by the human contrast to the theme of empire building. Hints of doom contrast with the serene effects of sunlight.

In Turner's will he asked for this and his ''Sun Rising through Vapour'' to be hung between Claude's ''Seaport with the Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba'' and ''Landscape with the Marriage of Isaac and Rebecca'' at the National Gallery.

'''Turnstone, Willis''' 
and Lake Traverse, 262; "one-time disappointed beau" of Lake's, 995; an appreciative nod to poet and translator [http://web.whittier.edu/barnstone/willis.html Willis Barnstone] whose works include the vast collection of Jewish pseudepigrapha, early Kabbalah, Haggadah, Midrash, Christian Apocrypha and Gnostic scriptures entitled [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0062500309 'The Other Bible']?

[[image:Tushuk-Tash.jpg|thumb|Tushuk Tash, aka Shipton's Arch|right]]'''Tushuktash''' 
764; "a rock with a hole in it"; "great stone Arch" 769; Shipton's Arch, also known as Tushuk Tash (Pierced Rock in Uyghur) and (Simplified Chinese: 天洞; Traditional Chinese: 天洞; Pinyin: Tiāndòng; Wade-Giles: Tiandong), meaning Hole in Heaven in Chinese, is a conglomerate natural arch, located to the West-northwest of Kashgar, in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.

This is probably the world's highest natural arch. Though long familiar to locals, it was visited in 1947 by English mountaineer Eric Shipton, while he was traveling between Tashkent and Kashgar - and made known to the West in his book Mountains of Tartary. The arch once figured in the Guinness Book of Records for its exceptional height, but editors of the book could not verify the location of the arch exactly, so the listing was dropped. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tushuk_Tash Wikipedia entry]

'''Tuva''' 
786; Tyva Republic IPA: [təˈvɑː] (Russian: Респу́блика Тыва́ IPA: [rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə tɨˈva]; Tuvan: Тыва Республика), or Tuva (Тува́), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). The traditional religion of Tuvans is animism (shamanism), which is still widely practiced alongside Tibetan Buddhism [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvans The Tuvan people]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throat_singing Overtone singing...]

'''Tuva-to-Taklamakan''' 
789; railroad;

'''Twin Vibes, The''' 
102; Foley Walker and Scarsdale Vibe "in matching sport ensembles of a certain canary-and-indigo check"

<div id="twit"></div>'''T.W.I.T.''' 
219; True Worshippers of the Ineffable Tetractys, headquartered in London, north of Hyde Park; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetractys The Tetractys] is a triangular figure consisting of ten points arranged in four rows: one, two, three, and four points in each row. As a mystical symbol, it was very important to the followers of the secret worship of the Pythagoreans; 591; 896;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetractys Wikpedia entry]

T.W.I.T. with the vagina, i.e., the female ''sex'' organ. "T.W.I.T." sounds like no, ''is'' a cross between "clit" and "twat." And, natch, it's headed up by [[ATD 219-242#Page 220|Nookshaft]]. And, let's face it, that tetractys is surely an inverted beaver, yes? (See [[ATD 171-198#Page 183|"Beavers of the Brain"]]). Its male counterpart is [[ATD 397-428#Page 405|Candlebrow U.]], to be encountered down the road apiece (and that ain't no spoiler!). 

Isn't this a stretch? It reads to me as just a pun on "twit" as in, these Brits are twits.

'''Tyburnia''' 
219; "in that ambiguous stretch north of Hyde Park known then as...";

:Tyburnia occupies the ground on the north side of Hyde-park and Kensington-gardens, and stretches from Edgware-road on the east to about Inverness-terrace on the west. This is not, strictly speaking, a fashionable quarter; but it is not absolutely unfashionable, and is a very favourite part with those — lawyers, merchants, and others—who have to reside in town the greater part of the year. It stands high, the cellars of the Tyburnian houses being on a level with the chimneys of Belgravia, and the houses, though without the architectural pretensions of the more recent additions to the latter district, are roomy and comfortable. Rents are high for a moderate-sized house—but much lower in proportion to the accommodation than in either Mayfair or Belgravia NEAREST Railway Station Edgware-road, Praed-street, and Queen’s-road; Omnibus Routes Edgware-road, Praed-st, Bishop-road, and Uxbridge-road. [http://www.victorianlondon.org/districts/dickens-tyburnia.htm Charles Dickens (Jr.), ''Dickens's Dictionary of London'', 1879]

'''''Tzigane''''' 
18; (French: ''gypsy'') Bindelstiffs of the Blue A.C.'s balloon-ship

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

ATD 768-791

2007-06-27T00:35:19Z

Cal: /* Page 772 */ Shambala and bi-location

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 768==

'''fourteeners''' 
Affectionate name applied by Coloradans to mountain peaks 14,000 feet (approx. 4200 m) high.

'''Lake Baikal''' 

Another bi-location: one world out here, another reflected one in the lake. Oh, and the first syllable of the name is pronounced BY. 

Incidentally, "bai" is the Chinese word for "white" and is written 白. Could "bi-location" imply a "white" location?
Cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_946-975 Byal Sredets] p. 956.

Photos of Lake Baikal: [http://angara.net/photo/album/122] & [http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/lakebaikal/]

An Article on the Oddities of Lake Baikal: [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF9/986.html] 

Wikipedia Entry: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Baikal]

==Page 769==

'''Mount Kailash''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_437|page 437: Mount Kailash]].

'''Tengri Khan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Tengri Tengri Khan] is a mountain, the second-highest peak (23,000 ft) of the Tian Shan mountain range.

'''Hassan was of course no longer there.''' 
OK, I have no idea what happened here. Since this is the non-spoiler section, maybe we can talk about it here: [[Hassan's Dissappearance Discussion|DISCUSSION]]

'''a maze of slot canyons''' 
The ground is crumpled rather like Kovalevskaia's handkerchief on page 634.

==Page 770==

'''stand before the Gate . . . Kit looked up . . .''' 
See the picture here: Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Tushuk Tash]].

'''followed by the whizzing sound''' 
As the impact of the V-2 was in ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

==Page 771==

'''You are released''' 
Echoes ''Ite, missa est'' on page 668.

'''samovars . . . gasping and puffing''' 
Samovar: a double urn containing a large amount of hot water and a small amount of super-strong tea. Passengers mixed their own to taste. The hot-water urn (the samovar proper) was in fact a small charcoal boiler; there ''was'' much steam. Many Russian railroad cars had samovars.

'''Ak-su''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksu_City Ak-su] (White Water) is a city in Xinjiang, China. It is located in the Southern foothills of Tian Shan. The economy of Ak-su is mostly agricultural, with cotton, in particular the long-staple cotton, as the main product.

'''Kucha''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucha Kucha] is a city in Xinjiang. It was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Takalmakan desert in the Tarim Basin.

'''Korla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korla Korla], also spelled as Kurla, is a city south of Karashahr. The Iron Gate Pass, 4 miles north of the city, played an important part in protecting the ancient Silk Road from rading nomads from the north.

'''Karasahr''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karasahr Karasahr] (Black City) is located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan desert.

'''nephrite''' 
Fibrous silicate mineral, one of the constituents of jade.

'''Turfan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turfan Turfan] is an oasis city located about 90 miles southeast of Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang, China, in a mountain basin on the northern side of the Turfan Depression. Even though it has only 0.9 inch rainfall per year, Turfan has long been the center of a fertile oasis, producing great quatities of high-quality fruits, and an imprtant trade center.

'''Flaming Mountains''' 
[http://www.chinaetravel.com/attraction/att27c.html Flaming Mountains] are red sandstone hills on the northern edge of the Turfan Basin. The red of the hills has been likened to burning flames, and temperatures often reach a sweltering 130° F. The Mountains were made famous by the 16th-century Chinese classic novel ''Journey to the West''.

'''the Sangre de Cristos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains The Sangre de Cristos] (Blood of Christ) are the southermost subrange of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

==Page 772==
'''the ancient kingdom of Khocho . . . to be the historical Shambhala''' 
Dr Edwin Bernbaum, a Research Associate of the University of California, Berkeley, claimed, in his book [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] (1980, 2001), that Shambhala is not in the Himalayas, but far to the north, in the Turfan Depression, "Established by the Uighurs, a Turkish perople, around 850, the kingdom of Khocho flourished for four hundred years as a remarkable oasis of culture and learning. A predominantly Buddhist country, with numerous monasteries, it also had active centers of Manicheanism and Nestorian Christianity . . . At the time the ''Kalackra'' appreared in India, the kingdom of Khocho probably possessed the most advanced civilization of any country in Central Asia. Well-irrigated fields and orchards produced enough surplus food to allow the Uighurs to run welfare programs for the poor. Living together in peaceful harmony, people of different races, relgions and languages stimulated each other's thought and culture. Paintings found in the ruins of Turfan show houses built in the Chinese style, men and women dressed in embroidered silk, and a chamber ensemble complete with harps, guitar, and flutes. Even the Chinese, the most fastidious connoisseurs of culture, were impressed by the grace of Uihur society." (pp.42-43)

Bernbaum's [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] is an excellent resource and a likely backgrounder for Pynchon when writing about Shambhala in ''Against the Day''.

Interesting connection between Shambala and bi-location: According to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalachakra Kalachakra Tantra], the King of Shambhala requested teaching from the Buddha that would allow him to practice the dharma without renouncing his worldly enjoyments and responsibilities. In response to his request, the Buddha appeared in two places at once to teach the first Kālachakra tantra. (Wikipedia)

'''Urumchi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi Urumchi] or Ürümqi, is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. With a population of 2.1 million (75% are Han Chinese) and located in the northwest of the country, it is the largest city in the western half of China. Ürümqi is the most remote city from any sea in the world at a distance of about 1,400 miles from the nearest coastline.

'''lowlands of Dzungaria''' 
A region of 300,000 sq mi in Xinjiang, NW China. It is a largely steppe and semidesert basin surrounded by high mountains: the Tian Shan in the south and the Altai in the north. Urumchi and Yining are the main cities with other smaller oasis towns dot the piedmont areas. The region passed to the Chinese only in the mid-18th century.

==Page 773==

'''Lake Zaisan''' 
Lake Zaisan, in Russian Central Asia near the Chinese border, is located in an open valley between the Altai range on the northeast and the Tarbagatai on the south at an altitude of 1,355 ft.

'''The Irtysh . . . the Ob''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irtysh_River The Irtysh] is the chief tributary of the Ob which is a major river in western Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob_river The Ob] is Russia's fourth longest river. The Ob-Irtysh form a major basin in Asia, encompassing most of western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.

'''Novosibirsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk Novosibirsk] lies along the Ob river in the West Siberian Plain. It is Russia's 3rd largest city, after Moscow and St.Petersubrg. It was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the Ob. In early 20th century the Turkestan-Siberia Railway, connecting Novosibirsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea, was completed.

'''The Paris of Siberia''' 
By 1900 Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 763: Irkutsk]]) had been nicknamed as such.

'''''kupechestvo''''' 
Russian: the merchant community.

'''Glaskovsk''' 
A suburb in Irkutsk across the Irkut river.

==Page 774==

'''Club Golomyanka''' 
A golomyanka is a viviparous fish of the perch family, unique to Lake Baikal.

'''NAUSHNIKI''' 
As translated in the text.

'''1895 model Nagant revolver''' 
[http://world.guns.ru/handguns/hg102-e.htm Nagant revolver] was designed in Belgium by Nagant brothers in the late 1880s and was adopted by numerous countries. The major user and manufacturer was Russia which adopted it in 1895.

'''British gold sovereigns''' 
The world's most popular gold coins, [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/firstsovereign.html British gold sovereign] first came to existence in 1489 under Henry VII. There was a major change in 1816 for the so-called Modern Soverign which are continure to the present day. It has a value of one pound sterling (but with a much higher trading market value) and is made of 15.55 grams of standard gold coinage alloy of 23 carat, equal to 95.83% pure gold. (Another source [http://www.onlygold.com/Coins/BritishSovereignsFullScreen.asp British gold sovereigns2] said they have a 91.7% gold.)

==Page 775==

'''Tower Hill''' 
[http://www.royalmint.com/RoyalMint/web/site/Corporate/AboutUs/History/TowerHill.asp The Royal Mint at Tower Hill], London, between 1812-1968. Now the Royal mint is at Liantrisant (10 miles west of Cardiff), Wales.

'''Young Vic''' 
Image of young Queen Victoria on the British sovereign (1 pound) piece. The first portrait for Queen Victoria was the "Youg Head", which was used on sovereigns from 1838 to 1887 inclusive. For a picture for this coin see [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/heads.html Victoria Young Head]. 
Contrast with [http://www.rvhf.org/history.html Old Vic,] the theater, originally the Royal Coburg, renamed Royal Victoria in 1833—when Vic was Young. The name Old Vic "eventually" became customary and is now official. This is the house that Kevin Spacey runs.

'''Upper Tunguska, Stony Tunguska, Lower Tunguska''' 
They are the three eastern tributaries of the Yenisei River in Siberia. They cut across the swampy forests of east-central Siberia, draining the Tunguska Basin. Furthest north is the Lower Tunguska (1,590 mile long). The Stony Tunguska (980 mile long) rises west of the headwaters of the Lower Tunguska. The Upper Tunguska is the name given to the lower course of the Angara and it joins the Yenisei at Strelka. The area of the three rivers is the home of the Tungus. ([http://www.bartelby.com/65/tu/Tunguska.html Tunguska]).

'''the Ilimpiya''' 
Presumably the Ilimpeya River, a left-bank tributary of the Lower Tunguska, is named for them.

:It refers to the Tungus people from the Ilimpiya river.

'''the Shanyagir''' 
A clan of the Tungus people who lives along the Stony Tunguska.

'''Magyakan''' 
Shaman of the Ilimpiya clan, also spelled Magankan. His greatest feat was summoning a huge flock of ''agdi'', the birds made of iron that produce the thunder, for the explosion over the land of the Shanyagir clan. It flattened nearly a thousand square miles of forest and started a fire that burned for weeks, sending ash so high that it circled the Northern Hemisphere, making sunsets bright. See [http://www.answers.com/topic/shaman shaman].

'''''siberyaki''''' 
Standard spelling ''sibiryaki.'' Russian: Siberians.

'''Bratsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratsk Bratsk], located on the Angara River near the vast Bratsk Reservoir, is a city in Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russia.

'''Yeniseisk''' 
[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Yeniseisk,_Siberia_(Capital) Yeniseisk], on the right bank of the Yenisei, is a Siberian city 170 miles northwest of Krasnoyarsk, capital of the government of the same name.

'''embouchure''' 
French word denoting the conformation of the mouth (in speaking, playing the clarinet, etc.).

==Page 776==

'''Dorzhieff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agvan_Dorjiev Agvan Dorjiev] (1853/54–1938) was an ethnic Buriat who trained as a Buddhist monk in Tibet.He was one of the tutors of the 13th Dalai Lama and was his representative at the Russian court. He played a great role in the international political life, establishing various relations between Tibet and Russia. The British believed that Dorjiev had created the Shambala Russian myth. Ekai Kawaguchi, a Buddhist monk from Japan who visited Tibet at the turn of the 20th century, claimed to have heard of a pamphlet in which Dorjiev wrote “Shambhala was Russia. The Emperor, moreover, was an incarnation of Tsongkhapa, and would sooner or later subdue the whole world and found a gigantic Buddhist empire”. The religiously-based purpose of Agvan Dorjiev was the foundation of a Lamaist-oriented kingdom of the Tibetans and Mongols as a theocracy under the Dalai Lama ... [and] under the protection of Tsarist Russia ... In addition, among the Lamaists there existed the religiously grounded hope for help from a ‘Messianic Kingdom’ in the North ... called 'Northern Shambhala’. At the center of Dorjiev’s activities in Russia stood the construction of a three-dimensional mandala — the Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg. Regarding the décor, it is perhaps also of interest that there was a swastika motif which the Bolsheviks knocked out during the Second World War. Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg there was sufficient room for several lamas, who looked after the ritual life, to live on the grounds. Dorjiev had originally intended to triple the staffing and to construct not just a temple but also a whole monastery. This was prevented, however, by the intervention of the Russian Orthodox Church . Officially, the buddhist shrine was declared to be a place for the needs of the Buriat, Tuva, mongol ,and Kalmyk minorities in the capital. With regard to its occult functions it was a tantric mandala with which the Kalachakra system was to be transplanted into the West. From the lamas’ traditional point of view, founding a temple is seen as an act of spiritual occupation of a territory. Such sacred buildings as the Kalachakra temple in St. Petersburg are cosmograms which are employed by the lamas as magic seals in order to spiritually subjugate countries and peoples.

'''taiga''' 
Coniferous boreal forest; supports logging, trapping, hunting/gathering.

'''iron creatures of Agdy . . . their eyes flashing . . .''' 
"The Tungus have only one expression for the thunder - ''agdy''-, by which they also describe the old man, the lord of the thunder as well as all the thunderbirds that come down to earth and cause the thunder. The ''Agdy'' birds are as big as black grouses, are made of iron, and their eyes are fiery. The thunder arises from their flight above the earth and their eyes flash like lightning." (from a quotation in [http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/evenkiv.html Tungus eye-witnesses reports of Tunguska Event]).

'''Hindu fire-god Agni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agni Fire-god Agni] is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word ''Agni'' is Sanskrit for "fire". Agni is a messenger from and to the other gods. He is ever-young and immortal, because the fire is re-lit every day.

'''Ogdai Khan''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_765|page 765: Ogdai]].

==Page 777==

'''The Church of England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England The Church of England] is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the "mother" and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.

'''Shamanism''' 
Decentralized religion. The village shaman engaged in spirit travel and communicated with animals, ancestors, etc., for the benefit of the people, often using bizarrely excessive amounts of drugs.

'''The Cherokee''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee The Cherokee] are a people indigenous to North American, who at the time of European contact in the 16th century inhabited what is now the Eastern and Southeastern United States. Most were forcibly moved westward to the Ozark Plateua. They were one of the tribes referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes.

'''the Apache''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache The Apache] is the collective name for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the US. They formerly lived over eastern Arizona, north-western Mexico, New Mexico, parts of Texas.

'''the massacre of the Sioux Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee''' 
They were the largest and most important Indian tribe north of Mexico, with the exception of Chippewa, who, however, lack the solidarity of the Sioux. [http://www.indians.org/articles/sioux-indians.html The Sioux] actually came to North America from Asia about 30,000 years ago. The name Sioux means "little snake". They were generally nomadic, typically followed the pattern of the buffalo. [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/sioux-indians/sioux-indians.htm The Sioux Indians] occupied the vast domain extending from the Arkansas River, in the south, to the western tributary of Lake Winnipeg, in the north, and westward to the eastern slopes of the Rocky. The Sioux battled the white men and fought against the government in orer to keep their land. There was a general uprising in 1862. Later there were many more fierce armed conflicts involved the Sioux. One of the better known was ''The Battle of Little Big Horn'' on June 25, 1876, in which General Custer and all of his immediate command were killed. This was one of the most significant victories, led by [http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/bigfoor.htm Sitting Bull] (1831-1890), of the Indian Nations. 
A new Indian's religion that promised to rid the land of white people and restore the Indians' way of life evolved in 1880s-1890s as a reaction to the Indians being forced to submit to government authority and reservation life. The new religion was called [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost.html the Ghost Dance] by the white because of its ceremonial ritual dance and its precepts of resurrection and reunion with the dead. The Sioux were the most enthusiastic believers. But the Bureau of Indian Affairs banned the Ghost Dance feared that the swelling numbers of Ghost Dancers and believed that the ritual was a precusor to renwered Indian militancy and violent rebellion. The confrontation led to [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKmscr.html The Wounded Knee Massacre] on December 29, 1890 in which over 350 Ghost Dancers were slained. And this was the last major armed conflict between the Indian Nations and the US Government.

==Page 779==

'''A heavenwide blast of light''' 
It refers to the greatest cosmic impact of the century, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event the Tunguska Event], happened at 7:17 A.M. on June 30, 1908 near the Stony Tunguska River at Tunguska basin in central Siberia, Russia. With no warning, a small comet or meteor about 100 ft in diameter, coming from the direction of Western China and glowing with the heat of 5,000 degrees, hurtling through space about 3-6 miles above the Earth and exploded in the sky 40 miles north of Vanavara settlement by the Stony Tunguska. It was so powerful that the seismograph at Irkutsk, some 550 miles away, registered what looked like an earthquake. The impact had a force of 20 million tons of TNT, equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima bombs. It is estimated that 60-80 million trees were felled over an area of 830 square miless but left no obvious crater. If the explosion had occurred over St Petersburg hundreds of thousands of people would have been killed. But the Event occurred at such a remote and isolated location that no scientist bothered to investigate the "rumors" of the event for 13 years. (See also [http://www.unmuseum.org/siberia.htm Tunguska Event from UnMuseum].)
:Check your TV schedule for a History Channel special, ''Siberian Apocalypse,'' which presents old movie footage of Soviet explorations (my guess: re-enacted in the 1930s) and analyses by present-day scientists and UFOlogists, along with the usual Slo-Mo Channel animations repeated ad nauseam. The program ran on March 18, 2007. The best current information, according to a team from the University of Bologna, points to a stony asteroid (a "carbonaceous chondrite") that disintegrated some miles above the surface, leaving no fragments to be found but loading the local vegetation with elements not typical of the taiga.
:Two of the stranger hypotheses about the Event have special ''AtD'' connections. (1) The cosmic object was a chunk of antimatter, and the energy it released was due to annihilation when it came into contact with terrestrial matter (air). This would make the object, in a sense, [[ATD_57-80#Page_78|the Anti-Stone (p. 78).]] (2) The Event was the explosion produced by dissipation of a huge [[ATD_57-80#Page_73|ball lightning (p. 73).]] Both these notions are pretty remote, though, and the stony asteroid holds up better.

'''poods''' 
Russian measure of weight. One pood = 16.38 kilograms; 30 poods = 491 kg = 1081 pounds, pretty close to half a ton.

'''''ekipazh''''' 
Russian: crew, team.

'''''Právil'no''''' 
Russian: all ''right!''

'''Russian design philosophy''' 
. . . which is perpetuated in Soviet and Russian space technology.

'''Razvedka''' 
Russian: intelligence (in the military-political sense).

'''pogroms''' 
Terror campaigns, usually against Jews.

==Page 780==

'''Ofitser Nauchny''' 
Russian: science officer.

'''this Event''' 
The Tunguska Event. Cf 779: A heavenside blast of light.

'''''umnik''''' 
Russian: clever man.

'''General Sukhomlinoff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Sukhomlinov Vladimir Alexandrovich Sukhomlinoff] (1848-1926), Russian cavalry officer, Chief of General Staff 1908-9, Minister of War 1909-15, imprisoned 1917-18 for failure to prepare the Russian Army for World War, emigrated to Finland and then to Germany.

'''''Zi!''''' 
Might be an error. "Wait" in the imperative mode is ''zhdi'' or ''podozhdi'' in Russian.

'''butterfly . . . angel''' 
The description of the damage pattern is accurate; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event.]

==Page 781==

'''''zastolye''''' 
Russian: group of regulars.

'''''Khuy''''' 
Impolite Russian: cock!

'''Bezumyoff''' 
The name derives from Russian ''bezumets'': madman.

'''''vseznaǐka''''' 
Russian: as translated in text. In keeping with the sources he must have used—many of them contemporary—Pynchon applies a bewildering assortment of rules in transliterating Russian words.

'''"potentially a hole in the earth"''' 
One of the theories regarding the real Tungaska Event is that a small black hole entered the earth. Flaw in theory: an exit has never been found. See Wikipedia ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''. . . ''at any moment'', directly beneath St Petersburg . . .''' 
"According to the Guinness Book of World Records (1966 edition), if the collision had occurred 4 hours 47 minutes later, it would have wiped out St. Petersburg, the starting point of the Bolshevik revolution." See (Wikipedia article, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''Tsarskoe Selo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarskoe_Selo Tsarskoe Selo], ''Tsar's Village'', was the "country" home of the Russian Tsars. It is now part of the town of Pushkin about 15 miles south from the center of St.Petersburg.

==Page 782==

'''...to reaffrm allegiance to its limits, including mortality...''' 
That is, to reaffirm the allegiance of the inhabitants of this world to the "something's" limits, remind Man of mortality and transcendent laws and limits.

'''''Nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing.

'''Vanavara''' 
[http://www.evenkya.ru/eng/?id=obsh&sid=admterdel&ssid=41 Vanavara] is the adminstrative center, a settlement with a population of 3,000, of Tungusko-Chunsky region. It is situated on the right bank of the Stony Tunguska river. Vanavara was 40 miles south of the Tunguska Event blast center.

'''Transfinitum''' 
Cantor's mathematical concept of transfinite numbers, indefinitely large but distinct from one another.

==Page 783==

'''''dungur''''' 
A ''dungur'' is a shamanic drum.

'''homeopathic echoes to protect from its return''' 
The homeopathic principle is that small doses of what kills will cure or prevent; drumming prevents return of the huge sound.

==Page 784==

'''Raskol'niki''' 
Russian: schismatics, dissenters. Raskol'nikov in ''Crime and Punishment'' derives his name from this word.

'''Tchernobyl . . . Wormwood''' 
Now rendered more commonly as Chernobyl (Russian), Chornobyl (Ukrainian). 
Wormwood, a star that falls onto the Earth poisoning the fresh water sources per Book of Revelation 8:10-11. 
Dostoyevsky explores Tchenobyl/Wormwood, the meaning of the Book of Revelation in ''The Idiot.''

'''Reindeer discovered again their ancient powers of flight, which had lapsed over the centuries since humans had invaded the North. Some were stimulated by the accompanying radiation into an epidermal luminescence at the red end of the spectrum, particularly around the nasal area.''' 
In other words, Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer and his airborne squadron mates. Seriously: magic and the possibility of change is reintroduced into the world.

'''heat . . . tended to flow unpredictably''' 
The Laws of Thermodynamics have taken a brief holiday.

'''Old Slavonic''' 
Or Old Church Slavonic; liturgical language of Russian Orthodox Church, closely related to Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Serbian (Tesla's father was a Serbian priest who worked in this language).

==Page 785==

'''''izba''''' 
Russian: hut.

'''Ssagan''' 
In Burkhanism, a Russian religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region between 1904 and the 1930s, Ak-Burkhan ("White Burkhan) is a deity who is depicted as an old man with white hair, a white coat, and white headgear, who rides a white horse, and is possibly analogous to the Mongolian "white old man," Tsagan Ebugen. The Buryat language (or Buriat) is a Mongolic language spoken by the Buryats of Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism]

Sacred white reindeer parallels Native American's reverence for white buffalos.

==Page 786==

'''the Sayan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayan_Mountains The Sayan] is a mountain range in southern Siberia. The eastern Sauan extends 600 miles from the Yenisei to the southwest end of Lake Baikal, and the western Sayan forms the eastern continuation of the Altay Mountains.

'''Tannu-Ola''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannu-Ola_Mountains The Tannu-Ola] mountain range is in southern Siberia extending east-west direction and curves along the Mongolian border.

'''Tuva''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuva Tuva] is located in extreme southern Siberia bordering with Mongolia. Its eastern part is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland.

'''if a fellow was going to come riding in anywhere on a white reindeer''' 
Suggestive of Jesus riding an ass into Jerusalem

'''an unearthly guttural singing''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtone_singing Overtone singing], also known as throat singing, overtone chanting, or harmonic singing, is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances created as air travels from the lungs... The best-known of the traditional forms comes from Tuva... Ethnomusicologists studying throat singing in these areas mark (it) as an integral part in the ancient pastoral animism that is still practised today. (Wikipedia) 
It is unearthly and fascinating. Tuvan throat singing can be seen and heard in the movie "Genghis Blues," a documentary about American musician Paul Pena's trip to Tuva to compete in a throat singing contest.
:In the early 1970s the German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen got some students together and made a one-piece album called ''Stimmung'' (German: tuning up). It's '''choral''' overtone singing. "Unearthly" is right.

'''"borbanngadyr"''' 
The Wikipedia entry linked in the previous annotation mentions, but doesn't describe, a style of overtone singing called ''borbangnadyr.'' Same letters arranged differently. It doesn't follow that there is a typo; transliteration from languages like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvan_language Tuvan] without "literary" histories is often controversial.

'''"the heart of Earth" 
'''"all's I see's a bunch of sheep" 
'''"Exactly." 
This is Shambhala. Sheep may safely graze.

==Page 787==

'''the Wheel of Life''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavacakra The Wheel of Life] is a complex symbolic representation of "continuous movement" in the form of a circle, used primarily in Tibetan Buddhism. "Continuous movement", ''samsāra'', is the continuous cycle of birth, life, and death from which one liberates oneself through enlightenment.

'''"Are you kind deities? or wrathful deities?"''' 
Here the interaction between Prance and the Chums of Chance resembles that between Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, and Dorothy Gale in the 1939 film [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 The Wizard of Oz.] After descending from the sky in a pink bubble and encountering Dorothy in Munchkinland, Glinda asks "Are you a good witch or a bad witch?" Dorothy replies that she's not a witch at all, just as Randolph St. Cosmo replies that the Chums "endeavor to be kind." Darby's reference to Bo Peep seems Munchkinlandian too, as Glinda is a sort of shepherd to the Munchkins themselves. --[[User:Jpicco|Jpicco]]

Also a reference to the Buddhist hierarchy of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrathful_deities enlightened beings].
A notable feature of Tibetan Buddhism is the emphasis on wrathful deities, often alternative manifestations of normally peaceful deities. They symbolize the dynamic activity of an enlightened being, brought forth to tame negative or unsettling impulses in the human mind. (Wikipedia)

'''"Bo Peep" 
she who has lost her sheep, as in the rhyme.

'''"Never work,", muttered Darby. "They'll squash you like bugs." 
Darby, now a lawyer, now cynical, presents the archetypal response to
Prance's visiting " deities" as in classic sci-fi books and movies.

'''the Tengyur''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_766|page 766: Tengyur]].

==Page 788==

'''band of''' '''''brodyagi''''' 
This entire passage is a reference to ''Don Quixote'', namely the incident with Gines de Pasamonte and the galley slaves. In ''Don Quixote'', Gines acts as a metafictional representation of Cervantes, as well as a symbol of the author/writer. Here, Topor acts as Gines, representing TRP (notice the name similarity). The hallucinogenic mushrooms represent the ''Quixote''--with a two part narrative, the first pleasant and wonderous, the second full of horrors--as well as AtD and novels, generally. The urine-drinking seems to be a crack at literary critics and literature fans who write about books and read what others write--essentially, drinking each other's urine: the after-products of the consumption of books. --[[User:Specklebelly|Specklebelly]]

'''''brodyagi''''' 
Russian: tramps.

'''"Topor"''' 
Russian: The Ax.

'''fusel oils''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_756|page 756: fusel oils]]. 
Toxic byproducts of fermentation, sometimes still present in bad liquor.

'''strange mottled red mushrooms''' 
''Amanita muscaria'', an hallucinogenic mushroom. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_muscaria Wikipedia entry].

'''drank one another's urine''' 
Shamanistic practice also observed in some "mystery" religions. The person who ingests the drug (e.g., toxic mushroom) partly metabolizes it and excretes it; followers can get a, hrmm, watered-down dose by drinking his urine. Source: [http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/abcde/allegro_john.html ''The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross''] by John M. Allegro (1970).

==Page 789==

'''''brodyagi''''' 
See page 788.

'''Christian propaganda mill down south''' 
A college?

'''Pacific Coast League''' 
Minor league (Triple-A) baseball league that at the time was the only professional baseball league west of St. Louis. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League Wikipedia entry].

Perhaps Colfax Vibe has become Sandy Koufax, pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1960's.

'''barmaid from Oakland''' 
Oakland has a Pacific Coast Brewing Company with some very sweet barmaids.

==Page 790==

'''the wilderness Creature that feeds on all other creatures . . .''' 
Described by Captain Padzhitnoff on p.124

'''Krasnoyarsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk], the third largest city in Siberia, is on the Yenisei River upstream of Yeniseisk. It is an important junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway.

'''arival''' 
Misspelling of ''arrival.''

'''remittance man''' 
A man living on remittances, i.e. family funds from home, a trust fund, etc. It is also time to note that a Fleetwood is a model of Cadillac.

==Page 791==

'''the Vormance people''' 
The Vormance polar expedition was mentioned on page 130 and elsewhere.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 768-791

2007-06-26T23:50:54Z

Cal: /* Page 787 */ kind and wrathful deities

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 768==

'''fourteeners''' 
Affectionate name applied by Coloradans to mountain peaks 14,000 feet (approx. 4200 m) high.

'''Lake Baikal''' 

Another bi-location: one world out here, another reflected one in the lake. Oh, and the first syllable of the name is pronounced BY. 

Incidentally, "bai" is the Chinese word for "white" and is written 白. Could "bi-location" imply a "white" location?
Cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_946-975 Byal Sredets] p. 956.

Photos of Lake Baikal: [http://angara.net/photo/album/122] & [http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/lakebaikal/]

An Article on the Oddities of Lake Baikal: [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF9/986.html] 

Wikipedia Entry: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Baikal]

==Page 769==

'''Mount Kailash''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_437|page 437: Mount Kailash]].

'''Tengri Khan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Tengri Tengri Khan] is a mountain, the second-highest peak (23,000 ft) of the Tian Shan mountain range.

'''Hassan was of course no longer there.''' 
OK, I have no idea what happened here. Since this is the non-spoiler section, maybe we can talk about it here: [[Hassan's Dissappearance Discussion|DISCUSSION]]

'''a maze of slot canyons''' 
The ground is crumpled rather like Kovalevskaia's handkerchief on page 634.

==Page 770==

'''stand before the Gate . . . Kit looked up . . .''' 
See the picture here: Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Tushuk Tash]].

'''followed by the whizzing sound''' 
As the impact of the V-2 was in ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

==Page 771==

'''You are released''' 
Echoes ''Ite, missa est'' on page 668.

'''samovars . . . gasping and puffing''' 
Samovar: a double urn containing a large amount of hot water and a small amount of super-strong tea. Passengers mixed their own to taste. The hot-water urn (the samovar proper) was in fact a small charcoal boiler; there ''was'' much steam. Many Russian railroad cars had samovars.

'''Ak-su''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksu_City Ak-su] (White Water) is a city in Xinjiang, China. It is located in the Southern foothills of Tian Shan. The economy of Ak-su is mostly agricultural, with cotton, in particular the long-staple cotton, as the main product.

'''Kucha''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucha Kucha] is a city in Xinjiang. It was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Takalmakan desert in the Tarim Basin.

'''Korla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korla Korla], also spelled as Kurla, is a city south of Karashahr. The Iron Gate Pass, 4 miles north of the city, played an important part in protecting the ancient Silk Road from rading nomads from the north.

'''Karasahr''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karasahr Karasahr] (Black City) is located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan desert.

'''nephrite''' 
Fibrous silicate mineral, one of the constituents of jade.

'''Turfan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turfan Turfan] is an oasis city located about 90 miles southeast of Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang, China, in a mountain basin on the northern side of the Turfan Depression. Even though it has only 0.9 inch rainfall per year, Turfan has long been the center of a fertile oasis, producing great quatities of high-quality fruits, and an imprtant trade center.

'''Flaming Mountains''' 
[http://www.chinaetravel.com/attraction/att27c.html Flaming Mountains] are red sandstone hills on the northern edge of the Turfan Basin. The red of the hills has been likened to burning flames, and temperatures often reach a sweltering 130° F. The Mountains were made famous by the 16th-century Chinese classic novel ''Journey to the West''.

'''the Sangre de Cristos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains The Sangre de Cristos] (Blood of Christ) are the southermost subrange of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

==Page 772==
'''the ancient kingdom of Khocho . . . to be the historical Shambhala''' 
Dr Edwin Bernbaum, a Research Associate of the University of California, Berkeley, claimed, in his book [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] (1980, 2001), that Shambhala is not in the Himalayas, but far to the north, in the Turfan Depression, "Established by the Uighurs, a Turkish perople, around 850, the kingdom of Khocho flourished for four hundred years as a remarkable oasis of culture and learning. A predominantly Buddhist country, with numerous monasteries, it also had active centers of Manicheanism and Nestorian Christianity . . . At the time the ''Kalackra'' appreared in India, the kingdom of Khocho probably possessed the most advanced civilization of any country in Central Asia. Well-irrigated fields and orchards produced enough surplus food to allow the Uighurs to run welfare programs for the poor. Living together in peaceful harmony, people of different races, relgions and languages stimulated each other's thought and culture. Paintings found in the ruins of Turfan show houses built in the Chinese style, men and women dressed in embroidered silk, and a chamber ensemble complete with harps, guitar, and flutes. Even the Chinese, the most fastidious connoisseurs of culture, were impressed by the grace of Uihur society." (pp.42-43)

Bernbaum's [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] is an excellent resource and a likely backgrounder for Pynchon when writing about Shambhala in ''Against the Day''.

'''Urumchi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi Urumchi] or Ürümqi, is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. With a population of 2.1 million (75% are Han Chinese) and located in the northwest of the country, it is the largest city in the western half of China. Ürümqi is the most remote city from any sea in the world at a distance of about 1,400 miles from the nearest coastline.

'''lowlands of Dzungaria''' 
A region of 300,000 sq mi in Xinjiang, NW China. It is a largely steppe and semidesert basin surrounded by high mountains: the Tian Shan in the south and the Altai in the north. Urumchi and Yining are the main cities with other smaller oasis towns dot the piedmont areas. The region passed to the Chinese only in the mid-18th century.

==Page 773==

'''Lake Zaisan''' 
Lake Zaisan, in Russian Central Asia near the Chinese border, is located in an open valley between the Altai range on the northeast and the Tarbagatai on the south at an altitude of 1,355 ft.

'''The Irtysh . . . the Ob''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irtysh_River The Irtysh] is the chief tributary of the Ob which is a major river in western Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob_river The Ob] is Russia's fourth longest river. The Ob-Irtysh form a major basin in Asia, encompassing most of western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.

'''Novosibirsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk Novosibirsk] lies along the Ob river in the West Siberian Plain. It is Russia's 3rd largest city, after Moscow and St.Petersubrg. It was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the Ob. In early 20th century the Turkestan-Siberia Railway, connecting Novosibirsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea, was completed.

'''The Paris of Siberia''' 
By 1900 Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 763: Irkutsk]]) had been nicknamed as such.

'''''kupechestvo''''' 
Russian: the merchant community.

'''Glaskovsk''' 
A suburb in Irkutsk across the Irkut river.

==Page 774==

'''Club Golomyanka''' 
A golomyanka is a viviparous fish of the perch family, unique to Lake Baikal.

'''NAUSHNIKI''' 
As translated in the text.

'''1895 model Nagant revolver''' 
[http://world.guns.ru/handguns/hg102-e.htm Nagant revolver] was designed in Belgium by Nagant brothers in the late 1880s and was adopted by numerous countries. The major user and manufacturer was Russia which adopted it in 1895.

'''British gold sovereigns''' 
The world's most popular gold coins, [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/firstsovereign.html British gold sovereign] first came to existence in 1489 under Henry VII. There was a major change in 1816 for the so-called Modern Soverign which are continure to the present day. It has a value of one pound sterling (but with a much higher trading market value) and is made of 15.55 grams of standard gold coinage alloy of 23 carat, equal to 95.83% pure gold. (Another source [http://www.onlygold.com/Coins/BritishSovereignsFullScreen.asp British gold sovereigns2] said they have a 91.7% gold.)

==Page 775==

'''Tower Hill''' 
[http://www.royalmint.com/RoyalMint/web/site/Corporate/AboutUs/History/TowerHill.asp The Royal Mint at Tower Hill], London, between 1812-1968. Now the Royal mint is at Liantrisant (10 miles west of Cardiff), Wales.

'''Young Vic''' 
Image of young Queen Victoria on the British sovereign (1 pound) piece. The first portrait for Queen Victoria was the "Youg Head", which was used on sovereigns from 1838 to 1887 inclusive. For a picture for this coin see [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/heads.html Victoria Young Head]. 
Contrast with [http://www.rvhf.org/history.html Old Vic,] the theater, originally the Royal Coburg, renamed Royal Victoria in 1833—when Vic was Young. The name Old Vic "eventually" became customary and is now official. This is the house that Kevin Spacey runs.

'''Upper Tunguska, Stony Tunguska, Lower Tunguska''' 
They are the three eastern tributaries of the Yenisei River in Siberia. They cut across the swampy forests of east-central Siberia, draining the Tunguska Basin. Furthest north is the Lower Tunguska (1,590 mile long). The Stony Tunguska (980 mile long) rises west of the headwaters of the Lower Tunguska. The Upper Tunguska is the name given to the lower course of the Angara and it joins the Yenisei at Strelka. The area of the three rivers is the home of the Tungus. ([http://www.bartelby.com/65/tu/Tunguska.html Tunguska]).

'''the Ilimpiya''' 
Presumably the Ilimpeya River, a left-bank tributary of the Lower Tunguska, is named for them.

:It refers to the Tungus people from the Ilimpiya river.

'''the Shanyagir''' 
A clan of the Tungus people who lives along the Stony Tunguska.

'''Magyakan''' 
Shaman of the Ilimpiya clan, also spelled Magankan. His greatest feat was summoning a huge flock of ''agdi'', the birds made of iron that produce the thunder, for the explosion over the land of the Shanyagir clan. It flattened nearly a thousand square miles of forest and started a fire that burned for weeks, sending ash so high that it circled the Northern Hemisphere, making sunsets bright. See [http://www.answers.com/topic/shaman shaman].

'''''siberyaki''''' 
Standard spelling ''sibiryaki.'' Russian: Siberians.

'''Bratsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratsk Bratsk], located on the Angara River near the vast Bratsk Reservoir, is a city in Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russia.

'''Yeniseisk''' 
[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Yeniseisk,_Siberia_(Capital) Yeniseisk], on the right bank of the Yenisei, is a Siberian city 170 miles northwest of Krasnoyarsk, capital of the government of the same name.

'''embouchure''' 
French word denoting the conformation of the mouth (in speaking, playing the clarinet, etc.).

==Page 776==

'''Dorzhieff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agvan_Dorjiev Agvan Dorjiev] (1853/54–1938) was an ethnic Buriat who trained as a Buddhist monk in Tibet.He was one of the tutors of the 13th Dalai Lama and was his representative at the Russian court. He played a great role in the international political life, establishing various relations between Tibet and Russia. The British believed that Dorjiev had created the Shambala Russian myth. Ekai Kawaguchi, a Buddhist monk from Japan who visited Tibet at the turn of the 20th century, claimed to have heard of a pamphlet in which Dorjiev wrote “Shambhala was Russia. The Emperor, moreover, was an incarnation of Tsongkhapa, and would sooner or later subdue the whole world and found a gigantic Buddhist empire”. The religiously-based purpose of Agvan Dorjiev was the foundation of a Lamaist-oriented kingdom of the Tibetans and Mongols as a theocracy under the Dalai Lama ... [and] under the protection of Tsarist Russia ... In addition, among the Lamaists there existed the religiously grounded hope for help from a ‘Messianic Kingdom’ in the North ... called 'Northern Shambhala’. At the center of Dorjiev’s activities in Russia stood the construction of a three-dimensional mandala — the Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg. Regarding the décor, it is perhaps also of interest that there was a swastika motif which the Bolsheviks knocked out during the Second World War. Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg there was sufficient room for several lamas, who looked after the ritual life, to live on the grounds. Dorjiev had originally intended to triple the staffing and to construct not just a temple but also a whole monastery. This was prevented, however, by the intervention of the Russian Orthodox Church . Officially, the buddhist shrine was declared to be a place for the needs of the Buriat, Tuva, mongol ,and Kalmyk minorities in the capital. With regard to its occult functions it was a tantric mandala with which the Kalachakra system was to be transplanted into the West. From the lamas’ traditional point of view, founding a temple is seen as an act of spiritual occupation of a territory. Such sacred buildings as the Kalachakra temple in St. Petersburg are cosmograms which are employed by the lamas as magic seals in order to spiritually subjugate countries and peoples.

'''taiga''' 
Coniferous boreal forest; supports logging, trapping, hunting/gathering.

'''iron creatures of Agdy . . . their eyes flashing . . .''' 
"The Tungus have only one expression for the thunder - ''agdy''-, by which they also describe the old man, the lord of the thunder as well as all the thunderbirds that come down to earth and cause the thunder. The ''Agdy'' birds are as big as black grouses, are made of iron, and their eyes are fiery. The thunder arises from their flight above the earth and their eyes flash like lightning." (from a quotation in [http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/evenkiv.html Tungus eye-witnesses reports of Tunguska Event]).

'''Hindu fire-god Agni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agni Fire-god Agni] is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word ''Agni'' is Sanskrit for "fire". Agni is a messenger from and to the other gods. He is ever-young and immortal, because the fire is re-lit every day.

'''Ogdai Khan''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_765|page 765: Ogdai]].

==Page 777==

'''The Church of England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England The Church of England] is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the "mother" and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.

'''Shamanism''' 
Decentralized religion. The village shaman engaged in spirit travel and communicated with animals, ancestors, etc., for the benefit of the people, often using bizarrely excessive amounts of drugs.

'''The Cherokee''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee The Cherokee] are a people indigenous to North American, who at the time of European contact in the 16th century inhabited what is now the Eastern and Southeastern United States. Most were forcibly moved westward to the Ozark Plateua. They were one of the tribes referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes.

'''the Apache''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache The Apache] is the collective name for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the US. They formerly lived over eastern Arizona, north-western Mexico, New Mexico, parts of Texas.

'''the massacre of the Sioux Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee''' 
They were the largest and most important Indian tribe north of Mexico, with the exception of Chippewa, who, however, lack the solidarity of the Sioux. [http://www.indians.org/articles/sioux-indians.html The Sioux] actually came to North America from Asia about 30,000 years ago. The name Sioux means "little snake". They were generally nomadic, typically followed the pattern of the buffalo. [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/sioux-indians/sioux-indians.htm The Sioux Indians] occupied the vast domain extending from the Arkansas River, in the south, to the western tributary of Lake Winnipeg, in the north, and westward to the eastern slopes of the Rocky. The Sioux battled the white men and fought against the government in orer to keep their land. There was a general uprising in 1862. Later there were many more fierce armed conflicts involved the Sioux. One of the better known was ''The Battle of Little Big Horn'' on June 25, 1876, in which General Custer and all of his immediate command were killed. This was one of the most significant victories, led by [http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/bigfoor.htm Sitting Bull] (1831-1890), of the Indian Nations. 
A new Indian's religion that promised to rid the land of white people and restore the Indians' way of life evolved in 1880s-1890s as a reaction to the Indians being forced to submit to government authority and reservation life. The new religion was called [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost.html the Ghost Dance] by the white because of its ceremonial ritual dance and its precepts of resurrection and reunion with the dead. The Sioux were the most enthusiastic believers. But the Bureau of Indian Affairs banned the Ghost Dance feared that the swelling numbers of Ghost Dancers and believed that the ritual was a precusor to renwered Indian militancy and violent rebellion. The confrontation led to [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKmscr.html The Wounded Knee Massacre] on December 29, 1890 in which over 350 Ghost Dancers were slained. And this was the last major armed conflict between the Indian Nations and the US Government.

==Page 779==

'''A heavenwide blast of light''' 
It refers to the greatest cosmic impact of the century, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event the Tunguska Event], happened at 7:17 A.M. on June 30, 1908 near the Stony Tunguska River at Tunguska basin in central Siberia, Russia. With no warning, a small comet or meteor about 100 ft in diameter, coming from the direction of Western China and glowing with the heat of 5,000 degrees, hurtling through space about 3-6 miles above the Earth and exploded in the sky 40 miles north of Vanavara settlement by the Stony Tunguska. It was so powerful that the seismograph at Irkutsk, some 550 miles away, registered what looked like an earthquake. The impact had a force of 20 million tons of TNT, equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima bombs. It is estimated that 60-80 million trees were felled over an area of 830 square miless but left no obvious crater. If the explosion had occurred over St Petersburg hundreds of thousands of people would have been killed. But the Event occurred at such a remote and isolated location that no scientist bothered to investigate the "rumors" of the event for 13 years. (See also [http://www.unmuseum.org/siberia.htm Tunguska Event from UnMuseum].)
:Check your TV schedule for a History Channel special, ''Siberian Apocalypse,'' which presents old movie footage of Soviet explorations (my guess: re-enacted in the 1930s) and analyses by present-day scientists and UFOlogists, along with the usual Slo-Mo Channel animations repeated ad nauseam. The program ran on March 18, 2007. The best current information, according to a team from the University of Bologna, points to a stony asteroid (a "carbonaceous chondrite") that disintegrated some miles above the surface, leaving no fragments to be found but loading the local vegetation with elements not typical of the taiga.
:Two of the stranger hypotheses about the Event have special ''AtD'' connections. (1) The cosmic object was a chunk of antimatter, and the energy it released was due to annihilation when it came into contact with terrestrial matter (air). This would make the object, in a sense, [[ATD_57-80#Page_78|the Anti-Stone (p. 78).]] (2) The Event was the explosion produced by dissipation of a huge [[ATD_57-80#Page_73|ball lightning (p. 73).]] Both these notions are pretty remote, though, and the stony asteroid holds up better.

'''poods''' 
Russian measure of weight. One pood = 16.38 kilograms; 30 poods = 491 kg = 1081 pounds, pretty close to half a ton.

'''''ekipazh''''' 
Russian: crew, team.

'''''Právil'no''''' 
Russian: all ''right!''

'''Russian design philosophy''' 
. . . which is perpetuated in Soviet and Russian space technology.

'''Razvedka''' 
Russian: intelligence (in the military-political sense).

'''pogroms''' 
Terror campaigns, usually against Jews.

==Page 780==

'''Ofitser Nauchny''' 
Russian: science officer.

'''this Event''' 
The Tunguska Event. Cf 779: A heavenside blast of light.

'''''umnik''''' 
Russian: clever man.

'''General Sukhomlinoff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Sukhomlinov Vladimir Alexandrovich Sukhomlinoff] (1848-1926), Russian cavalry officer, Chief of General Staff 1908-9, Minister of War 1909-15, imprisoned 1917-18 for failure to prepare the Russian Army for World War, emigrated to Finland and then to Germany.

'''''Zi!''''' 
Might be an error. "Wait" in the imperative mode is ''zhdi'' or ''podozhdi'' in Russian.

'''butterfly . . . angel''' 
The description of the damage pattern is accurate; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event.]

==Page 781==

'''''zastolye''''' 
Russian: group of regulars.

'''''Khuy''''' 
Impolite Russian: cock!

'''Bezumyoff''' 
The name derives from Russian ''bezumets'': madman.

'''''vseznaǐka''''' 
Russian: as translated in text. In keeping with the sources he must have used—many of them contemporary—Pynchon applies a bewildering assortment of rules in transliterating Russian words.

'''"potentially a hole in the earth"''' 
One of the theories regarding the real Tungaska Event is that a small black hole entered the earth. Flaw in theory: an exit has never been found. See Wikipedia ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''. . . ''at any moment'', directly beneath St Petersburg . . .''' 
"According to the Guinness Book of World Records (1966 edition), if the collision had occurred 4 hours 47 minutes later, it would have wiped out St. Petersburg, the starting point of the Bolshevik revolution." See (Wikipedia article, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''Tsarskoe Selo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarskoe_Selo Tsarskoe Selo], ''Tsar's Village'', was the "country" home of the Russian Tsars. It is now part of the town of Pushkin about 15 miles south from the center of St.Petersburg.

==Page 782==

'''...to reaffrm allegiance to its limits, including mortality...''' 
That is, to reaffirm the allegiance of the inhabitants of this world to the "something's" limits, remind Man of mortality and transcendent laws and limits.

'''''Nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing.

'''Vanavara''' 
[http://www.evenkya.ru/eng/?id=obsh&sid=admterdel&ssid=41 Vanavara] is the adminstrative center, a settlement with a population of 3,000, of Tungusko-Chunsky region. It is situated on the right bank of the Stony Tunguska river. Vanavara was 40 miles south of the Tunguska Event blast center.

'''Transfinitum''' 
Cantor's mathematical concept of transfinite numbers, indefinitely large but distinct from one another.

==Page 783==

'''''dungur''''' 
A ''dungur'' is a shamanic drum.

'''homeopathic echoes to protect from its return''' 
The homeopathic principle is that small doses of what kills will cure or prevent; drumming prevents return of the huge sound.

==Page 784==

'''Raskol'niki''' 
Russian: schismatics, dissenters. Raskol'nikov in ''Crime and Punishment'' derives his name from this word.

'''Tchernobyl . . . Wormwood''' 
Now rendered more commonly as Chernobyl (Russian), Chornobyl (Ukrainian). 
Wormwood, a star that falls onto the Earth poisoning the fresh water sources per Book of Revelation 8:10-11. 
Dostoyevsky explores Tchenobyl/Wormwood, the meaning of the Book of Revelation in ''The Idiot.''

'''Reindeer discovered again their ancient powers of flight, which had lapsed over the centuries since humans had invaded the North. Some were stimulated by the accompanying radiation into an epidermal luminescence at the red end of the spectrum, particularly around the nasal area.''' 
In other words, Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer and his airborne squadron mates. Seriously: magic and the possibility of change is reintroduced into the world.

'''heat . . . tended to flow unpredictably''' 
The Laws of Thermodynamics have taken a brief holiday.

'''Old Slavonic''' 
Or Old Church Slavonic; liturgical language of Russian Orthodox Church, closely related to Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Serbian (Tesla's father was a Serbian priest who worked in this language).

==Page 785==

'''''izba''''' 
Russian: hut.

'''Ssagan''' 
In Burkhanism, a Russian religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region between 1904 and the 1930s, Ak-Burkhan ("White Burkhan) is a deity who is depicted as an old man with white hair, a white coat, and white headgear, who rides a white horse, and is possibly analogous to the Mongolian "white old man," Tsagan Ebugen. The Buryat language (or Buriat) is a Mongolic language spoken by the Buryats of Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism]

Sacred white reindeer parallels Native American's reverence for white buffalos.

==Page 786==

'''the Sayan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayan_Mountains The Sayan] is a mountain range in southern Siberia. The eastern Sauan extends 600 miles from the Yenisei to the southwest end of Lake Baikal, and the western Sayan forms the eastern continuation of the Altay Mountains.

'''Tannu-Ola''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannu-Ola_Mountains The Tannu-Ola] mountain range is in southern Siberia extending east-west direction and curves along the Mongolian border.

'''Tuva''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuva Tuva] is located in extreme southern Siberia bordering with Mongolia. Its eastern part is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland.

'''if a fellow was going to come riding in anywhere on a white reindeer''' 
Suggestive of Jesus riding an ass into Jerusalem

'''an unearthly guttural singing''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtone_singing Overtone singing], also known as throat singing, overtone chanting, or harmonic singing, is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances created as air travels from the lungs... The best-known of the traditional forms comes from Tuva... Ethnomusicologists studying throat singing in these areas mark (it) as an integral part in the ancient pastoral animism that is still practised today. (Wikipedia) 
It is unearthly and fascinating. Tuvan throat singing can be seen and heard in the movie "Genghis Blues," a documentary about American musician Paul Pena's trip to Tuva to compete in a throat singing contest.
:In the early 1970s the German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen got some students together and made a one-piece album called ''Stimmung'' (German: tuning up). It's '''choral''' overtone singing. "Unearthly" is right.

'''"borbanngadyr"''' 
The Wikipedia entry linked in the previous annotation mentions, but doesn't describe, a style of overtone singing called ''borbangnadyr.'' Same letters arranged differently. It doesn't follow that there is a typo; transliteration from languages like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvan_language Tuvan] without "literary" histories is often controversial.

'''"the heart of Earth" 
'''"all's I see's a bunch of sheep" 
'''"Exactly." 
This is Shambhala. Sheep may safely graze.

==Page 787==

'''the Wheel of Life''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavacakra The Wheel of Life] is a complex symbolic representation of "continuous movement" in the form of a circle, used primarily in Tibetan Buddhism. "Continuous movement", ''samsāra'', is the continuous cycle of birth, life, and death from which one liberates oneself through enlightenment.

'''"Are you kind deities? or wrathful deities?"''' 
Here the interaction between Prance and the Chums of Chance resembles that between Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, and Dorothy Gale in the 1939 film [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 The Wizard of Oz.] After descending from the sky in a pink bubble and encountering Dorothy in Munchkinland, Glinda asks "Are you a good witch or a bad witch?" Dorothy replies that she's not a witch at all, just as Randolph St. Cosmo replies that the Chums "endeavor to be kind." Darby's reference to Bo Peep seems Munchkinlandian too, as Glinda is a sort of shepherd to the Munchkins themselves. --[[User:Jpicco|Jpicco]]

Also a reference to the Buddhist hierarchy of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrathful_deities enlightened beings].
A notable feature of Tibetan Buddhism is the emphasis on wrathful deities, often alternative manifestations of normally peaceful deities. They symbolize the dynamic activity of an enlightened being, brought forth to tame negative or unsettling impulses in the human mind. (Wikipedia)

'''"Bo Peep" 
she who has lost her sheep, as in the rhyme.

'''"Never work,", muttered Darby. "They'll squash you like bugs." 
Darby, now a lawyer, now cynical, presents the archetypal response to
Prance's visiting " deities" as in classic sci-fi books and movies.

'''the Tengyur''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_766|page 766: Tengyur]].

==Page 788==

'''band of''' '''''brodyagi''''' 
This entire passage is a reference to ''Don Quixote'', namely the incident with Gines de Pasamonte and the galley slaves. In ''Don Quixote'', Gines acts as a metafictional representation of Cervantes, as well as a symbol of the author/writer. Here, Topor acts as Gines, representing TRP (notice the name similarity). The hallucinogenic mushrooms represent the ''Quixote''--with a two part narrative, the first pleasant and wonderous, the second full of horrors--as well as AtD and novels, generally. The urine-drinking seems to be a crack at literary critics and literature fans who write about books and read what others write--essentially, drinking each other's urine: the after-products of the consumption of books. --[[User:Specklebelly|Specklebelly]]

'''''brodyagi''''' 
Russian: tramps.

'''"Topor"''' 
Russian: The Ax.

'''fusel oils''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_756|page 756: fusel oils]]. 
Toxic byproducts of fermentation, sometimes still present in bad liquor.

'''strange mottled red mushrooms''' 
''Amanita muscaria'', an hallucinogenic mushroom. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_muscaria Wikipedia entry].

'''drank one another's urine''' 
Shamanistic practice also observed in some "mystery" religions. The person who ingests the drug (e.g., toxic mushroom) partly metabolizes it and excretes it; followers can get a, hrmm, watered-down dose by drinking his urine. Source: [http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/abcde/allegro_john.html ''The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross''] by John M. Allegro (1970).

==Page 789==

'''''brodyagi''''' 
See page 788.

'''Christian propaganda mill down south''' 
A college?

'''Pacific Coast League''' 
Minor league (Triple-A) baseball league that at the time was the only professional baseball league west of St. Louis. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League Wikipedia entry].

Perhaps Colfax Vibe has become Sandy Koufax, pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1960's.

'''barmaid from Oakland''' 
Oakland has a Pacific Coast Brewing Company with some very sweet barmaids.

==Page 790==

'''the wilderness Creature that feeds on all other creatures . . .''' 
Described by Captain Padzhitnoff on p.124

'''Krasnoyarsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk], the third largest city in Siberia, is on the Yenisei River upstream of Yeniseisk. It is an important junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway.

'''arival''' 
Misspelling of ''arrival.''

'''remittance man''' 
A man living on remittances, i.e. family funds from home, a trust fund, etc. It is also time to note that a Fleetwood is a model of Cadillac.

==Page 791==

'''the Vormance people''' 
The Vormance polar expedition was mentioned on page 130 and elsewhere.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

Hassan's Dissappearance Discussion

2007-06-22T01:58:11Z

Cal:

"He looked around to to tell Hassan, who he was sure had already seen into his thoughts. Hassan was of course no longer there." (p. 769)

When Kit journies to Lake Baikal via the stone arch of Tushuk Tash, he is accompanied by Hassan, the loyal lieutenant of the Doosra.

Al-Doosra is the "local prophet" who was "driven mad by the desert" (p. 756) and who advocates for a Pan-Turania from Manchuria to Hungary united under a "single Shamanistic ruler" - a Northern Prophet known as "the One who comes. " Hassan and the Doosra are also very into ganga.

What does Hassan's dissappearance mean? You got me.

Here are the relevant sections that I can see:

Auberon Halfcourt: "The future out here simply belongs to the Prophet. It might have gone differently. This madman might have actually founded his pan-shamanic empire." (p. 758)

Lieutenant Prance: "Because this Arch is the Gateway," declared Prance - "unless we enter by way of it, we shall always be on the wrong journey." (p. 764)

Al-Doosra: "I am only a servant in this matter," said the Doosra. "My own master will be found in the north, at his work. If you wish to seek him for yourself, he will receive you." (p. 765)

At Tushuk Tash:

Hassan: "We have nearly completed the journey." 
Kit: "And the Prophet? The Doosra's master? Shall I speak to him?" 
Hassan: "You spoke to him." (p. 768) 

Then Hassan dissappears.

After: 
Lieutant Prance: "Out here pilgrimage is a matter of kind and wrathful deities. Timing. Guidance." 
Kit: "Waht's that mean?" 
Prance: "Ask Hassan." 
Kit: "Hassan dissappeared the minute we got to the Lake." 
Prance: "Exactly." (p. 774)

OK, so who was Hassan? Who was the Doosra? Who was the Prophet? Why did Hassan disssapear? And why did he leave Kit with more ganga?

Any thoughts?

ATD 397-428

2007-06-21T05:51:41Z

Cal: /* Page 424 */ R. Crumb comic

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 397==

'''syntonic wireless''' 
syn·ton·ic (sĭn-tŏn'ĭk) adj.Psychology. Characterized by a high degree of emotional responsiveness to the environment.
Electricity. Of or relating to two oscillating circuits having the same resonant frequency.
[From Greek suntonos, high-strung, intense, attuned, from sunteinein, to draw tight : sun-, syn- + teinein, to stretch.]

'''street-Arab''' 
a homeless boy who has been abandoned and roams the streets.
[http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn wordnet].

'''some koindt of a ''sailboat'' pitchuhv on it''' 
The reverse of the coin (next entry) shows Columbus' flagship ''Santa Maria'' (the obverse has the navigator's portrait).

'''Columbian ''Half-Dollar''''' 
The 1892 Columbian Exposition half dollar was the first commemorative coin authorized by Congress. [http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/commemoratives/index.cfm?flash=yes&action=premodern]

'''"ten yeeuhz ago"''' 
Places this action in or around 1903.

==Page 398==

'''nuncio''' 
Casually, a messenger; more formally, a permanent official Papal representative at a foreign court.

'''Evening Quarters''' 
"at evening quarters the guns are cast" ... A Sailor's Story
:Whatever that may mean. A muster of the ship's company at the end of the day.

'''H.G. Wells''' 
Herbert George Wells (1866-1946), one of the 19th Century science fiction writers whom Pynchon is both emulating and parodying in ''ATD''. H.G. Wells was an English novelist, sociologist, journalist, and historian. He wrote series of fantastic scientific romances ''The Time Machine'' (1895), ''The Invisible Man'' (1897), etc. In combination with scientific speculation he developed a strain of sociological idealism in ''The War of the Worlds'' (1898), ''First Men on the Moon'' (1901) and many others. He also wrote the well-known ''Outline of History'' (1920). For more see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.G._Wells Wikipedia entry].

'''jeu d'esprit''' 
French: play of wit.

'''National Imprest''' 
An imprest system is a system using loans as control against fraud and theft. The most common imprest system known is the petty cash system. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprest_system Wikipedia]. Interesting that the Chums' petty cash system goes
under the rubric National, not International?

'''"Plug" Loafsley''' 
Plug-ugly loafer/oaf?

'''Lollipop Lounge''' 
Lollipop is vulgar slang for an underage girl. There is at least one 'pornographic' magazine called Lollipops featuring supposedly underage girls.

'''Tenderloin''' 
2) A city district notorious for vice and graft. [After 'the Tenderloin', an area of New York City (from the easy income it once offered corrupt policeman). Cf p.334.
From the American Heritage Dictionary.

'''squalid empire''' 
Cf Alan Parker's 1976 movie "Bugsy Malone". [http://imdb.com/title/tt0074256/ IMDb]

==Page 399==

'''indigo... yellow''' 
Clashing-colors motif.

'''dicer''' 
???

'''opopanax and vervain''' 
Two fragrant, medicinal substances derived from flowering plants. They bloom yellow and violet, respectively. Wikipedia pages for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opoponax opopanax] and for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vervain vervain].
:Though Wikipedia prefers the spelling ''opoponax'', the ''OED'' suggests Pynchon's.

'''contrabass saxophone''' 
A spectacular piece of hardware, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxophone#Members_of_the_saxophone_family somewhat taller than the person playing it.] Pitched in E-flat—if you are keeping track—two octaves below the alto sax.

'''slide cornet''' 
A brass instrument with the voice of a cornet but using a slide instead of valves. Very, very rare.

'''mandola''' 
An eight-stringed instrument shaped like a mandolin but tuned the same as a viola. It is originally an Irish instrument.

'''"tin pan" piano''' 
A reference to New York's Tin Pan Alley. Probably, the tag means to indicate that the piano was out of tune or sounded 'cacophonous'. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_pan_alley Wikipedia entry]

'''anchored by . . . piano''' 
It's hard to imagine the sound of the ensemble: big reedy bass, lots of rhythm from the mandola, the abandoned wailing of the cornet, fuzzy arpeggios on the piano. Like a children's Fourth of July parade, plus hallucinogens.

'''houris''' 
According to the ''OED'', a "nymph of the Muslim Paradise. Hence applied allusively to a voluptuously beautiful woman." According to the American Heritage Dictionary, "houris" is the plural of 'houri', as defined above.

'''Darby''' 
Over 21yo, if he's aged.

==Page 400==

'''paillettes''' 
2. a spangle used to ornament a dress or costume. [from Old French,diminutive of
paille,straw]. American Heritage Dictionary.

'''louche''' 
of questionable taste or morality. From Old French, losche= squint-eyed,
ultimately from Latin, luscus = blind in one eye. Source: American Heritage Dictionary.

'''"jazz"''' 
The ''OED'' suggests that the spelling here was always more popular than ''jass'', as used on [[Pages 358-373#Page 370|p. 370]]. It makes sense that a musician like "Dope" Breedlove might use a less conventional spelling, as he would be familiar with the term before common usage had regularized its spelling. By contrast, within the "dime novel" idiom of the Chums of Chance narration (dime novelists not necessarily being, especially in those days, the swingin'-est of cats), while ''jazz'' still registers as a slang term, its spelling has already been regularized.

'''Dey high-hats us uptown''' 
They scorn or snub us.

'''Dey low-balls us downtown''' 
They underestimate us.

'''Missus Grundy''' 
Mrs. Grundy, proverbial looker-askance at any improper activity. "[A]n extremely conventional or priggish person" after a character alluded to in the play ''Speed The Plough,'' by Thomas Morton (1764-1838), British playwright. Source: American Heritage Dictionary.

''''ying'''' 
"Yen"? And play/contrast with yang?

==Page 401==

'''Angela Grace''' 
I.e., Angel of Grace

'''Gophiz... Hudson Dustuhs''' 
Gophers, Hudson Dusters. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Dusters New York street gangs.]

'''bushwahs''' 
Bourgeois.

'''slickin up''' 
Gentrification.

'''Mr. Mawgin''' 
J. Pierpont Morgan. Dr. Zoot has funding from the same source that supported Tesla earlier.

'''stanchion''' 
Upright structural member, here part of the El trestle.

'''find it''' 
(Small-penis joke.)

'''time-corroded''' 
Actually, on [[ATD 149-170#Pages 154-155|p. 154]] we learn that when these structures were erected, they were intentionally antiqued, "deliberately burned, attempts being made to blacken the stylized wreckage in aesthetic and interesting ways," a description that applies also to Pynchon's historical fiction with its antiquated language and its generally favorable view of all things black. Though, of course it's been a decade since the shrine was erected, and some actual time-corrosion may have occurred.

'''seeming to date from some ancient catastrophe, far older than the city.''' 
When, what is that catastrophe in ATD, pages 149-170?
:There's more than a hint in the geography. From Central Park to the Tenderloin, on a street where you can smell the waterfront; west and south till you hit (literally) the Ninth Avenue El; south on the El line. Eventually you get to the World Trade Center site.

'''I AM THE WAY INTO THE DOLEFUL CITY''' 
Italian: "Per me si va nella città dolente". Phrase first appears on [[ATD 149-170#Pages 154-155|p. 154]], where it is inscribed over the shrine that the citizens erect to the Destroyer. It is a quote from Canto III of Dante's ''Il Inferno,'' where it is emblazoned over the gates to Hell.

'''triatomic''' 
I.e., ozone or O3, which is a molecule composed of three bonded oxygen molecules. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone Wikipedia.]

==Page 402==

'''solenoidal relay''' 
Solenoid: a coil of wire hollow in the center. To make a relay, stick an iron rod partway into the middle. Turn the current on, and the magnetic field pulls the iron in. Attach the rod to the bolt on the gate and you can unlock it by pushing a button.

'''Dr. Zoot''' 
homage to Zoot Sims, jazzman? 
Most often combined with Suit, as in
Zoot suit - Wikipedia. Often zoot suiters wear a felt hat with a long feather (called a tapa or ... By their dress, Zoot suiters expressed defiance, at a time when fabric was ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoot_suit
There is a contemporary "zootsuit" radio station devoted to old radio shows. Historically, much later than the period of ATD here, there were riots in Los Angeles called the Zoot Suit riots (alluded to in, wasn't it ''The Crying of Lot 49''?).

'''pale''' 
Even tough-guy Plug fears time machine.
Pynchon's perspective on artificial light, "already harsh illumination".

'''dynamo''' 
Electrical generator. Converts any rotational motion to AC or DC power.

'''Grandmother's day''' 
Pre-Civil War.

'''Breguet''' 
A distinctive fine watch of French design, usually with open circles ('moons') near the ends of the hands. (See also p.140) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breguet_(watch) Wikipedia entry]

'''shimming''' 
Insertion of thin material to make two parts line up. Think of the matchbook under the table leg.

'''revenue diverted''' 
(Why not no-revenue?)because revenue was spent---very cheaply: in only "the simplest upkeep."

==Page 403==

'''gutta-percha gasketry''' 
Gutta-percha (Palaquium) is genus of tropical trees native to southeast Asia and northern Australasia, from Taiwan south to Malaya and east to the Solomon Islands. It is also an inelastic natural latex produced from the sap of these trees. One use of gutta-percha was the "guttie" golf ball with a solid gutta-percha core, which appears [[ATD_919-945#Page 934|later in ''Against the Day'']]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutta-percha Wikipedia]

'''coaming''' 
Bodywork. Panels concealing frame, wiring, etc.

'''undog this hatch''' 
Nautical: disengage whatever is holding the door shut.

'''faith''' 
(Blind, not humble.)

'''nervous organizations''' 
Cf drugs. Cf. sympathetic vibrations, a physical kind of empathy.

'''pillioned''' 
Riding two to a horse.

'''horses''' 
Cavalry?

'''arrays of metallic points''' 
Bayonets? Appears to be a depiction of the (still future) Great War, WWI

==Page 404==

'''shockwaves of the Creation''' 
Anachronistic Big Bang theory? 
I must say that in the Big Bang theory, stars
were first created out of the bang; here the metaphor seems to accept that the stars already exist and "are blown through by the shockwaves of the Creation", capitalized, a common Pynchon touch, as in a Biblical allusion.

'''chamber shook''' 
(It didn't on p403.)

'''not beasts''' 
Airplanes?
Or Missiles/rockets? 'A screaming comes across the sky'....

'''smell''' 
Cf GR on Passchendaele.

==Page 405==

'''latest Oldsmobile''' 
(Dates.) 1903.

'''Candlebrow U.''' 
So what is a "candlebrow"? Consider those phallic ''ex voti'' candles offered up to [[St. Cosmo]]. The head of the candle-phallus, brow shaped, sits atop the cyclindrical candle-shaft and is, metaphorically, the candle's brow. And, natch, Gideon Candlebrow made the bucks necessary to fund Candlebrow U. with the miracle product [[#Page 407|"Smegmo,"]] the "Messiah of kitchen fats" (Imperial Margarine was advertised as "The King of Margarines") [http://www.google.com/search?q=define%3Asmegma&start=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official smegma] is the "cheesy secretion" that collects atop the "candlebrow" beneath the foreskin. [[ATD 374-396#Page 374|Ewball Oust's name]] has similar connotations.

Maybe I'm pointing out the obvious, but it seems to me like Pynchon's way of saying Dickhead University. --[[User:Pomopaulrevere|Pomopaulrevere]]

'''double-domes''' 
'dome' is slang for the human brain, of course. [Amer Heritage] and seems to mean, in humorous context, two-headed or double-brained thinkers...(more doubling motif--as joke?)

:Or possibly a sexual ''double entendre''...consistent with the [[The Sexual Angle|rampant sexuality]] in ''AtD''. Why, several double-dome images come to mind, almost faster than "egghead"...

'''drumming''' 
Traveling salesmanship.

<div id="balinhan"></div>'''a saloon down by the river called the Ball in Hand''' 
The Ball in Hand isn't the river, it's the saloon. Still, the name does have an English ring to it. The Bird in Hand is a common pub name in Britain.

Another cricket allusion? If so, rather obvious. Surely a straightforward sexual joke.
:Oh yes. As discussed a couple paragraphs down!

Ball in Hand might refer to the "orb," an emblem of sovereignty held in the monarch's left hand in many state portraits; the orb is a small globe usually surmounted by a cross. Or a physics allusion, though anachronistic by some 30 years: the dome of a Van de Graaff generator. The museum visitor places her hand on it, the docent cranks the machine, and the victim's hair flies into an aigrette. Or a more carnal connotation, not anachronistic at all. Or fortunetelling. These remote connections do make cricket sound pretty good:

A term used in pocket billiards (especially 9-ball) when a player has scratched (sunk the cue ball) and the player who follows is allowed to place the cue ball wherever he/she wants.

:Given all the other [[The Sexual Angle|sexual references]] in ''AtD'', this definitely has a sexual ring to it. Consider that the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines "ball" as "5. Any rounded protuberant part of the body." It is thought that "ball" is derived from the Indo-European word ''bhel'', meaning to blow, swell; with derivatives referring to various round objects and to the notion of tumescent masculinity. Derivatives include ''boulevard'', ''boulder'', ''phallus'', ''balloon'', ''ballot'', and ''fool''. [http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/roots/zzb01800.html]

<div id="meatman">'''Alonzo Meatman'''</div>
Meatman translated to German is Fleischmann, as in [http://www.fleischmanns.com/products/index.jsp Fleischmann's], makers of yeast, margarine, and assorted spreads.

:Yes, perhaps a cheesy spread, like that smegmo! In 1973, Jerry Lee Lewis recorded an homage to his oral talents entitled "Meat Man" in which he brags of having "a maytag tongue with a sensitive taste." This fits in with [[The Sexual Angle]] in AtD. [[Meat Man|Read the lyrics...]]. And there ''are'' those [[ATD 57-80#Page 73|great balls of fire]] known as ball lightning.

'''they don't like to cross running water''' 
A preference shared by witches, vampires and in some accounts the Devil.

==Page 406==

'''counterfeit of the Timeless''' 
Thematic. Whole sentence seems the sharpest indictment of 'the Academy' as exemplified by Candlebrow U.

'''fatal discovery''' 
Note the contrast with "fateful discovery" on p.398.

'''''Imum Coeli''''' 
Latin for "bottom of the sky." In Astrology, it is the point in space where the ecliptic crosses the meridian in the north, exactly opposite the Midheaven. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imum_Coeli Wikipedia entry]

'''Gideon Candlebrow''' 
made-up founder whose scandalous fortune underlay Candlebrow U?

'''Grossdale''' 
a gross dale?

'''great Lard Scandal of the '80s'''' 
Real event? (There were a couple of 'Lard Scandals" in last ten years but in countries other than Great Britain.)

==Page 407==

'''"Smegmo"''' 
Smegma is a secretion of mammalian genitals [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smegma Wikipedia].

The word derives from a transliteration of the Greek word σμήγμα for soap.

As an "artificial substitute for everthing in the edible-fat category" pronounced kosher by an "eminent Rabbi of world hog capital Cincinnati, Ohio," Smegmo may be a code name for Crisco, a Procter& Gamble creation invented in Cincinnati in 1911 -- an anarchronism or time shift in the text -- and marketed through various ethnic cookbooks, including a Yiddish/English kosher cookbook published in 1933 with the "Hechsher (or certificate) of a prominent Orthodox rabbi, "denoting that Crisco contained nothing animal-based."
[http://www.crisco.com/about/history/1930.asp]

"Smegm"a + crisc "O" = Smegmo

Smegmo and Candlebrow:
"The initial purpose [for Crisco] was to create a cheaper substance to make candles than the expensive animal fats in use at the time. Electricity began to diminish the candle market, and since the product looked like lard, they began selling it as a food." Yet another Lard Scandal? [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisco]

Also P&G was founded as a candle (Procter) and soap (Gamble) company, making profits from the fat of slaughtered pigs in "Porkopolis," Cincinnati. That P&G also produces "Crest" syn. with "brow" may yield "Candlebrow."

Finally, the stock ticker for P&G is PG which is pretty close to one of Pynchon's favorite animals -- PIG.

Cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_525-556 cottonseed oil] p. 546

'''margarine''' 
1887 saw the introduction of the Margarine Act in Great Britain, which required margarine to be labeled as such. This was in response to the adulteration of butter by oleomargarine (made from animal fats).

Candlebow + margarine reminds me of Camille Paglia on Renee Zellwegger as "margarine-browed" (which I don't really understand).

'''four thousand years''' 
Refers to the time believed to have elapsed since Abraham and the foundation of Judaism [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham Wikipedia]. Under kosher laws Jews are not allowed to mix milk and meat products in the same meal. The rabbi's proclamation about having waited 4000 years refers to the arrival of Smegmo as a non-milk substitute for butter that can be eaten with meat dishes.

'''"you kept hearing different stories about exactly what was in it"''' 
Refers to wide range of urban legend-like attributions as to the origins and/or makeup of smegma that exist especially among children.

There's a resonance with Coca-Cola, too: exaggerated secrecy about the formula, fanatical market development, endowment of a university (Emory in the case of the Woodruff and Candler fortunes).

'''First International Conference on Time-Travel''' 
MIT students held a [http://web.mit.edu/adorai/timetraveler/ Time Traveler Convention] on May 7, 2005. The organizers did only modest publicity, claiming that the event would be reported and people in the future would read about it and decide to attend. One of the principals pointed out that only one such convention would ever need to take place. Vanderjuice's reasoning is almost a mirror image of that.

'''''The Time Machine''''' 
A short novel by H. G. Wells, written as a series of articles in 1888 for ''The Science Schools Journal'', and published as a book in 1895. The central character, ''Time Traveller'', tells a group of friends that he has invented a machine which can travel through time, enabling him to investigate the destiny of the human species. In the year 802,701, where he is temporarily stranded, he finds the meek and beautiful ''Eloi'' ling in apparently idyllic circumstances, but discovers that they are the prey of the degenerate ''Morlocks'', descendants of laborers who have lived underground for centuries. In later eras he sees the life-forms which survive the extinction of man, and thirty million years hence he is witness to the world's final decline as the sun cools. (Taken from ''The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English'', 1988 Edition.) For more information from other source see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Time_Machine The Time Machine].

'''this year''' 
??? 1903.

'''flammivomous''' 
Vomiting flame. (definition) by Webster 1913 (print), Tue Dec 21 1999 at 23:41:04. Flam*miv"o*mous (?), a. [L. flammivomus; flamma flame + vomere to vomit.] ...

'''nooky''' 
attractive women.

'''1925 or thereabouts''' 
Lindsay's unfamiliarity with the term "nooky," here used to refer to attractive women and not to a sex act, its most common present day usage, will likely continue until it becomes an accepted part of the English language, which occurred, according to the ''OED'', with its first substantiative written usage in 1928. The ''OED'', by the way, prefers the spelling ''nookie''.

'''Randolph''' 
(Has he been absent?)

==Page 408==

'''telegraphic messages''' 
(Why at night, particularly? Email parody?) Seems many telegraphic messages were delivered at night, perhaps because they could be picked up during the daytime and many came after evening began.

When telegrams were a customary means of communication, you could send a "straight wire," which would go right on the wire and get delivered promptly, or a "night letter," which would go into a queue for transmission in low-traffic times and be delivered the next morning. The rate for night letters was lower than that for straight wires.

'''"Goes with everything"''' 
Cf Al Capp's Shmoos?

'''a ''million'' uses for Smegmo''' 
Tracing out just one parallel: Coke—foundation of the Candler fortune and the Emory U. endowment—is a beverage, a sweetener and flavoring agent (Coca-Cola Cake a Southern favorite), a solvent (best thing for removing bugs from windshields) and a cleanser (''MythBuster''-tested for polishing automotive chrome). In an emergency you can fill your radiator with it, and used with care it will raise bread dough.

Tracing out another parallel: Crisco, not only the first but also emblamatic of all synthetic shortening, is "ubiquitous in the cuisine and among the table condiments..." It is found in baked products (breads, cakes, muffins, etc.), salad dressings, soups, potato chips, mayonnaise, cheese spreads, peanut butter, cake and biscuit mixes. Raisins are sometimes coated with it. You will find them in most processed foods.

'''in the way that certain odors can instantly return us to earlier years''' 
Recalls Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu in which the taste and smell of a madeleine cookie summons a collection of childhood memories.

'''"There's a seminar on that tomorrow ... Or do I mean day before yesterday?"''' 
Are all the folks at Candlebrow time travellers? Unlikely. This remark seems to be a typical collegiate witticism about classes. Seems about everyone can STUDY time travelling at Candlebrow.

'''Finney Hall''' 
Probably a Hall/Auditorium/Room in Candlebrow U. named after American author Jack Finney (1911-1995), who wrote a famous time travel novel, ''Time and Again'' (1970). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Finney Jack Finney] for more.

'''florescent''' 
flowering, blooming.From florescense. Amer Heritage Dictionary

==Page 409==

'''Gibson Girls''' 
From illustrations of a kind of woman first made by Charles Dana Gibson. Besides certain physical features--see wikipedia---such women were thought
to be 'independent', often college girls, although not suffragettes.

'''"Why you insufferable little --"''' 
This line, paired with St. Cosmo's observation at the end of the following paragraph: "And might I add, Mr. Noseworth, that these constant attempts to strangle Suckling do our public image little good," seem a fairly direct reference to a well-worn trope from the ''Simpsons'' [http://www.snpp.com/guides/homer.file.html#strangle], in which the splenetic Homer, as played here by Noseworth, expresses his no-longer-controllable frustration with Bart, here the increasingly smartalecky Suckling.

Pynchon, as has been widely reported, has appeared on ''The Simpsons'' a couple times.

More than even "Vineland," it seems, this book is fraught with pop culture/low comedy asides. 

'''Wellesianism''' 
Typo, unless he means Orson. Should be Wellsianism. On page 412 the term
''''Wellsian''' optimism' was used.

'''Asimov Transecular''' 
Interesting to find one of Isaac Asimov's time travel machines on the pile of "picked-over hulks of failed time machines." Of course, it would have to have been deposited there from some time in the future.

transecular 
Adj "that is made through the centuries" (Portuguese) [[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 16:48, 19 December 2006 (PST)

Rather than troubling to search for a Portuguese word, isn't it more likely that Asimov or Pynchon coined this in a nearly trivial way? ''Trans,'' across, plus ''secular,'' ages or centuries (from Latin [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?l=s&p=11 ''sæculum,''] an age, a generation, 120 years; also yielding French ''siècle,'' a century).

'''Asimov''' 
Isaac Asimov (1920-1992), Russian born American biochemist and science fiction writer. His family emigrated to the US in 1923 and he was naturalised in 1928. He graduated from Columbia University and had been Professor of Biochemistry of the University of Boston since 1979. He began contributing stories to science fiction magazines in 1939 and his first book ''Pebble in the Sky'' was published in 1950. Many others followed. ''The Foundation Trilogy'' (1963) made an international reputation as the master of science fiction. Since 1958 he had published few novels, preferring to concentrate on text books and works of popularized science such as ''Intelligent Man's Guide to Science'' (2 Vols. 1960). And he also wrote ''Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare'' (1970). In his life time he wrote over 500 books that spanned the realm of human knowledge. [http://www.asimovonline.com/ Asimov Home Page] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issac_Asimov Isaac Asimov].

'''Tempomorph''' 
Tempo + morph = Time change

'''Q-98s''' 
FM station?

'''Flow''' 
Flow of Time.

'''vulcanite''' 
Star Trek allusion? A kind of mineralized rubber.
:a hard, readilly cut and polished rubber, obtained by vulcanizing rubber with a large amount of sulfur or some sulfur compound under a moderate heat (110-140 degree C), used in the manufacture of combs, buttons, and for electric insulation.

'''Heusler's alloy''' 
any of various alloys of manganese and other nonferromagnetic metals that exhibit ferromagnetism. Named after Conrad Heuslet, 19th-century German mining engineer and chemist.

'''bonzoline''' 
Synthetic ivory, used to make billiard balls.

'''electrum''' 
An alloy of gold and silver, presumably not the same as ''argentaurum''.

'''lignum vitae''' 
The very hard heavy wood of any of several tropical American guaiacum trees. In Latin, literally "wood of life."

'''platinoid''' 
An alloy of copper, nickel, tungsten and zinc, formerly used in elecric coils.

'''magnalium''' 
Magnesium-aluminum alloy.

'''packfong silver''' 
A Chinese alloy of nickel, zinc and copper, resembling German silver. [http://dict.die.net/packfong/ packfong].

'''The Ball in Hand''' 
[[#balinhan|See annotations to p. 405.]]

'''safe harbor''' 
Paradoxical, I think.

'''automorphic''' 
auto = Self,same. Morph = to change. The theory of automorphic functions concerns a generalization of periodic functions such as the Earth's revolution.

'''Eternal Return''' 
A fascinating interpretation of history in which Time is a single cycle and once it has reached its conclusion begins anew, and each repetition of the cycle is utterly identical to the first. Perhaps originating in ''The New Science'' by Giambattista Vico, though made most famous by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who used it as the basis for his moral philosophy. Cf. Nietzsche, ''The Will to Power''.

==Page 410==

'''revenance''' 
Related to revenant, a ghost, a returner from the dead.

'''River of Time''' 
cf "the invisible river, the flow of Time", p.252

'''Symmes Street''' possible reference to the Symme's Hole which leads into the hollow earth, i. e. a street on the extreme fringe
???

'''gaslit''' 
Lightfuel motif.

'''St. Louis Fair''' 
1904.

Also "Pygmy boyfriends escaped from the St. Louis Fair" - in the book Ota Benga, about a pygmy who appeared in the St. Louis Fair, there is a reference to pygmies escaping from their exhibit and disappearing into neighborhoods of St. Louis, never to be found

'''''kielbasa sausage''''' 
Often referred to as Polish sausage (which is uncooked), Kielbasa sausage is a precooked, smoked, traditionally made of pork that is highly seasoned with garlic.

'''fantan''' 
Traditional Chinese gambling game; also a card game [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan].

'''"preserver"''' 
Or "life-preserver": slang, a blackjack or cosh.

'''magenta-and-green''' 
Clashing-colors motif. This combination appears in a bandana in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow''] (Viking p. 69 line 14). 
Life colors in Pynchon, it might be argued?, as is a bandana. 
The clashing of (anarchic) life motif, maybe? 
There's something else striking about magenta and green: In the field of [http://www.rgbworld.com/color.html color mixing,] these are complementary in the sense that magenta results from filtering all the green out of white light and vice versa. Green is an additive primary (red-green-blue), while magenta is a subtractive primary (cyan-magenta-yellow). This does not hold for some other ''AtD'' color schemes (red/indigo comes to mind, but there are a dozen or so of these binary combinations).

==Page 411==

'''Finding of Unusual Circumstances Questionaire''' 
Also, presumably, known as the "F.U.C.Q." or "fuck-you," for short.

'''Hawaiian''' 
???

'''Zennist''' 
Practitioners of Zen Buddhism.

'''''Caged Women of Yokohama''''' 
Possible: Yokohama was one of the first Japanese cities with the heaviest
industrialization...wherein many young women from the surrounding rural
areas came to work in dreadful working and living conditions? "The early 20th century was marked by rapid growth of industry. Entrepreneurs built factories along reclaimed land to the north of the city towards Kawasaki, which eventually grew to be the Keihin Industrial Area. The growth of Japanese industry brought affluence to Yokohama, and many wealthy trading families constructed sprawling residences there, while the rapid influx of population from Japan and Korea also led to the formation of Kojiki-Yato, the largest slum in Japan at the time." Wikipedia. 
Misc. Like Telluride in the U.S., Yokohama had the first gaslit streetlamps in Japan. Wikipedia.

==Page 412==

'''koan''' 
Japanese. A ko-an is a story, dialogue, question or statement in the lore of Zen Buddhism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koan koan].

'''"Does a dog possess the Buddha-nature?" [...] "Yes, obviously"''' 
According to the Zen parable the answer to the question is "Mu", which is both "No" and the sound of a dog's bark, thus neither simply yes nor no. See the explanantion given by the Learned English Dog in Mason & Dixon (Ch. 3, p. 22).

'''apricot and aquamarine''' 
Clashing-colors motif.

'''F.I.C.O.T.T.''' 
As Alonzo Meatman goes right on to explain, F.I.C.O.T.T. is the acronym for the First International Conference On Time Travel, but readers of ''Gravity's Rainbow'' will recall also "Fickt" from the line "Fickt nicht mit dem Raketemensch," or "Don't f--k with the Rocketman."

'''hootnanny''' 
Typo? Should be hootenanny, an informal performance by folk singers, typically with participation by the audience. The OED says that it can be spelled either way, and also hootananny.

'''Bohr... Mach... young Einstein... Spengler... Wells... McTaggart''' 
All of these people did work involving either speculation about time (Wells) or other subjects that reached their highest expression in Einstein's Theory of Relativity, which had implications regarding the nature of time and spacetime [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity Wikipedia]. Pynchon refers to the fact that this work was underway and 'in the air' at the time of the novel.

[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1922/bohr-bio.html Niels Bohr] (1885-1962), Danish physicist, born and educated in Copenhagen, received his Master's degree in 1909 and his Doctor's degree in 1911. He became Professor of Physics there in 1916 after working under J. J. Thompson at Cambridge and Lord Rutherford at Manchester, England. He greatly extended the theory of atomic structure when he explained the spectrum of hydrogen atom by means of an atomic model and the quantum theory (1913). During World II he escaped from German-occupied Denmark to Sweden and England. He eventually assisted atom bomb research in the U.S., returning to Copenhagen in 1945. He was founder and director of the Institute of Theorectical Physics at Copenhagen. He was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 for "his sevices in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them."

[http://library.thinkquest.org/18033/mach2.html Ernst Mach] (1838-1916), Austrian physicist and philosopher. He studied at Vienna University and became Professor of Physics there in 1895. He carried out much experimental work on supersonic projectiles and on the flow of gases. His findings have proved of great importance in aeronautical design and the science of projectiles. The ratio of the speed of flow of a gas to the speed of sound was named after him: ''Mach number.'' ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_number Mach Number].) And the angle of a shock wave to the direction of motion was called ''Mach Angle.'' ([http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/BGH/machang.html Mach Angle].) In fluid dynamics, a ''Mach Wave'' ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_wave Mach Wave].) is a kind of weak shock caused by a small disturbance in the flow. In the field of epistemology he was determined to abolish idle metaphysical specualtion. He was a strong critic of Newtonian absolute time and absolute space. His writings greatly influenced Einstein and laid the foundations of logical positivism.

''young Einstein'' 
Perhaps a reference to the 1988 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Einstein movie] of the same name. At the time of the F.I.C.O.T.T. (1895 at the earliest), Einstein would have already published "[http://www.worldscibooks.com/phy_etextbook/4454/4454_chap1.pdf The Investigation of the State of Aether in Magnetic Fields]." Ironically, Einstein's special theory of relativity would later essentially invalidate theories of luminiferous aether. 

[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html Albert Einstein] (1879-1955) was a German-born mathematical physicist, who ranks with Galileo and Newton as one of the great conceptual revisors of man's understanding of the universe. He lived as a boy in Munich but left Germany for Switzerland in 1895. He renounced his German citizenship in 1896 and completed his education at Zürich Polytechnic (1896-1900), where Minkowski was his mathematics teacher. Taking Swiss nationality (which he kept until his death) in 1901, he was appointed examiner at the Swiss Patent Office (1902-05). He received his doctorate in 1905 from the University of Zürich. While working at the Swiss Patent Office, Einstein began to publish original papers on the theoretical aspects of problems in physics, such as Brownian movement (he explained the random motion using molecular kinetic theory of heat), photoelectric effect (in which he postulated ''photon''), special theory of relativity, all in the same year '''1905''' while Einstein was still '''young''' (only 26-year old). The special theory of relativity provided, by the merging of the traditionally absolute concepts of space and time into a space-time continuum, a new system of mechanics whcih could accommodate Maxwell's electromagnetic field theory as well as the hitherto inexplicable results of the Michelson-Morley experiment on the speed of light. In that year, '''young Einstein''' also discovered and formulated an equivalence of energy (''E'') and mass (''m''): ''E = mc²'', where ''c'' is the speed of light in vacuum, a conversion factor required to convert from units of mass to units of energy. This equation would overturn classical physics and lay the foundations for the nuclear age. These four papers of '''1905''' by '''young Einstein''', came to be known as ''The Annus Mirabilis Papers'', contributed substantially to the foundation of modern physics and changed views on space, time, and matter forever. In 1909 he was offered an adjunct professorship at the University of Zürich. He resigned that position in 1910 to become full professor at the German University at Prague, and in 1912 he accepted the chair of theoretical physics at the Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich. In 1914 he was invited to be the director of theoretical physics at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, Berlin. Be default, as a civil servant of a German government organization, he became a German citizen again. In 1916 he cpmpleted his mathematical formulation of a general theory of relativity that included gravitation as a determiner of the curvature of a space-time continuum. He remained in Berlin until 1933 when Nazi rose to power. He renounced his German citizenship and left for the U.S. in 1934. He accepted a post at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, from 1934 until his death in 1955. He became an American citizen in 1940. While in the U.S. Einstein mainly worked, unsccessfully, on the construction of unified field theory combining the general theory of relativity with quantum mechanics. Einstein was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921, not for his theories of relativity, but "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectirc effect", the work done by '''young Einstein''' in physics' ''Miracle Year'' of 1905.

[http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/spengle.htm Oswald Spengler] (1880-1936), Greman historicist writer. Studied mathematics at universities in Munich and Berlin, received his Ph.D in 1904, and taught high school mathematics (1908) in Hamburg before devoting himself entirely to the compilation of the morbidly prophetic ''Decline of the West'' (Vol. I, 1918; Vol. II, 1922), in which he argues by analogy, in the historicist manner of Hegel and Marx, that all civilizations or cultures are subject to the same cycle of growth and decay in accordance with predetermined "historical destiny". The soul of Western civilization is dead. It is better for Western man, therefore, to be engineer rather than poet, soldier rather than artist. His verdict, achieved by his specious method, greatly encourage the Nazis although he never became one himself. ([http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/spengle.htm Spengler].)

''Wells'' Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 398|page 398:H.G. Wells]].

''McTaggart'' Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page 239|page 239: J.M.E. McTaggart]].

'''dismissing . . . the ''existence'' of Time''' 
In a 1908 essay, ''The Unreality of Time'', McTaggart said "Our ground for rejecting time . . . is that time cannot be explained without assuming time." For the full text of the essay [http://www.ditext.com/mctaggart/time.html The Unreality of Time (1)] and other information [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unreality_of_Time The Unreality of Time (2)].

'''the McTaggartite''' 
??? disciple of Mctaggart?

'''neo-Augustinian''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo St. Augustine of Hippo] (354-430), in his autobiographical [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/augustine/confessions/confessions.html ''Confessions''], is credited with reconceptualizing the notion of time in Christian terms. Throyle, on [[ATD 119-148#Page 143|p.143]], summarizes what he terms "Christian time," as a "linear way of regarding time, a simple straight line from past, through present, into the future." See also [[ATD E|'''Eschatology''']].

'''fatal steamed pudding''' 
Presumably the subject of the "Christmas-pudding controversy" mentioned on p. 406. In the context of Prof. Taggart's disbelief in time and the Augustinian's presumed belief that time moves inevitably toward Christ's return, a Christmas pudding (which, one should mention, is prepared with suet or similar animal fat, though presumably Smegmo can be substituted) is a symbol, insofar as it invokes the birth of Christ, of a pivotal moment in the proper sequence of Augustinian time. The pudding, which context here suggests the neo-Augustinian dropped on the McTaggartite, at once symbolizes the Fall of Man, as well as the McTaggartite's inevitable descent into Hell. The whole arrangement is problematized, however, by the comments of the County Coroner, who describes the outcome of the event dependent on "wagering," chance being irreconcilable with Augustinian time.

'''vertical distance''' 
Of pudding-drop?

'''Old Stearinery Bell Tower''' 
A stearinery (probably made-up word) is a facility where stearin is made. Chemically, stearin is an ester of glycerol with stearic acid, or stearic acid itself. The name also denotes the solid component of a fat. Smegmo undoubtedly contains stearin, so the Old Stearinery was a key part of the original production process.

"Until 1863 lard stearin was used to produce the stearic acid for candle making. With lard expensive and in short supply, a new method was discovered to produce the stearic acid using tallow. What lard and lard stearin was available was instead developed into a cooking compound. The same process was later adapted to create Crisco, the first all-vegetable shortening." [http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/The-Procter-amp;-Gamble-Company-Company-History.html]

==Page 413==

'''322 feet''' 
The ''average'' acceleration produced by gravity at the Earth's surface (sea level) is 32.2 (or 32.17405 to be exact) feet per second per second. This apllies "in any direction out to the curve of the Earth, notorious locally for exerting a fascination upon minds healthy and disordered alike."

''Pedantry Alert:'' From a height of 322 feet, you see the horizon at a distance of 22 miles.

'''disordered''' 
Eg clocktower assassins?
:Also people who may be moved to ''knock towers down.''

'''homeopathist''' 
One who practices homeopathy.

'''"the ''lycopodium'' type"... Fear''' 
Lycopodium is a common homeopathic remedy for many disorders. Homeopathy being the introduction into the body, in infinitesimal amounts, of a possibly toxic or irritating agent that ends up stimulating the body to heal itself.

'''sky-brother''' 
???
My take was that he was assuaging any hurt feelings with Meatman by placing him on the level of a fellow "Chum of Chance".

'''other Promise... resurrected... two millennia''' 
???
:maybe this refers simply to the Resurrection (and therefore the end of Time); the Promise is that the trumpet (Chick's?) shall sound, and the dead shall be raised.
'''speaking trumpet''' 
Brass forerunner of the megaphone. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1671RSPT....6.3056M Abstract] of a 1671 paper; [http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conMediaFile.2647 photo] of a ship's speaking trumpet, 1799; [http://www.auroraregionalfiremuseum.org/giftshop/1850figure/source/horn.htm catalog entry] for a replica American fire brigade speaking trumpet, mid-19th century.

==Page 414==

'''purlieus''' outskirts, outlying areas; also (OED) "meaner streets about some main thoroughfare; a mean, squalid or disreputable street or quarter."

This whole section is a progress into the outlying areas, the fringes
(Cf. Pynchon's story ''Low-lands'', which takes place at a town dump)

'''millwork''' 
woodwork, doors, molding, wainscotting, etc, but cheap, prefabricated, not custom-fabricted on site.

'''penumbrae''' 
(Is the ligatured-ae appropriate here?). Yes, it is the plural; each streetlight has its own penumbra.

'''interfered with''' 
Sexually molested.
<blockquote>Really? I don't get that from the context: I think it means what it says.</blockquote>
:But that '''is''' what "interfered with" means.

'''vacant''' 
(So signs of occupancy are faked?)

'''dust''' 
(Clear sign of vacancy.)

'''systematically deluded''' 
Cf Descartes.

'''quiescence''' 
(Meatman is cyborg?) 
His name suggests a purveyor of meat, and he does "deliver" Chick to Mr. Ace, but a real human being can also feel used and can prefer fading into the deep background when not on a task for his scary boss. (He brings Chick to a '''meet'''ing. Huh. Ideal name for a go-between.)

==Page 415==

'''"Mr. Ace"''' 
Master race; ace of spades; mysteries; Mr Earl?

'''phatic''' 
Relating to speech that serves to establish social relationships rather than to inform.

'''denounced''' 
(Capitalism has failed but failure still can't be mentioned.)

Taking of refuge in a planet's past was the plot of a Captain Kirk-era Star Trek episode; the unintentionally-transported Kirk is taken to be a religious dissenter; fortunately his judge is one of the "refugees".

'''certain of your great dynamos''' 
???

'''Fraternity of the Venturesome''' 
Mistranslated 'Chums of Chance'.

'''''nzzt''''' 
Electrical short?

Suggests "he" could be a holographic image. Time traveling holograms were one feature of the "Temporal Cold War" subplot of ''Star Trek: Enterprise''; one such manifestation (complete with "nzzt's") is set in a huge dynamo station in a Nazi-occupied New York. This is two possible ''Star Trek'' allusions in a single page.

'''mission assignments''' 
Pynchon seems to explain Chums backstory.

==Page 416==

'''ZZnrrt''' 
Cf 415.

'''"irreversible processes"''' 
In thermodynamics, an irreversible process is one in which the intermediate states cannot be specified by any set of macroscopic variables, and which are not equilibrium states. Since the intermediate states are unknown this process cannot be reversed.

'''Squanto and the Pilgrims''' 
Squanto (Tisquantum) was one of the two Native American Indians (Samoset being the other) that assisted the Pilgrims during their first winter in the New World. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squanto Squanto].

Ironic (although Chick means it sincerley) since in this case the Chums of C are "Squanto" and their strange interlocutors from another dimension are the pilgrims. Chick innocently suggests that the strangers from the future just want help (as, like the pilgrims, they have just arrived and are low on supplies, so to speak). It is implied that just as the Indian's helping the pilgrims was re-payed with disease, genocide and war, the payback the Chums reap for helping these visitors from another dimension may not be what they expect.

'''entropy''' 
A term first used in 1850s by the German physicist Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888). It is the name of a quantity in thermodynamics, statistical mechanics and information theory variously representing the degree of disorder in a physical system, the extent to which the energy in a system is available for doing work, the distribution of the energy of a system between different modes, or the uncertainty in a given item of knowledge. In thermodynamics absolut entropies cannot be determined, only ''changes'' in entropy. One way of stating the second law of thermodynamics (Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page 238|page 238]]) is to say that in any change in an isolated system, the entropy increases. This increase in entropy represents the energy that is no longer available for doing work in that system. See [http://www.entropylaw.com/ Entropy & Laws of Thermodynamics.]

'''"It's our innocence . . . ."''' 
Speculation about the motives of people who come from the future claiming to need something from the past. It is a common fallacy in all ages to think back to the past as a 'golden age' and an age of 'innocence'. Lindsay elaborates further down the page: "[I]magine ''them''... so fallen, so corrupted, that we — even we — seem to them pure as lambs. And their own time so terrible that it's sent them desparately back...." Think also of the kind of 'golden age' rhetoric often employed by certain politicians.

==Page 417==

'''"we're totally--"''' 
...fucked.

'''"He is not what he says he is."''' 
Pynchon denies Chums backstory/explanation.

In addition, his story would be plausible--almost too plausible--in terms of the thermodynamic theories of the day, i.e. the Heat Death of the Universe (about which Pynchon has written before: see ''V.'' and ''Entropy'').

'''trespassers''' 
Presumably individuals in the company of Mr. Ace and Alonzo Meatman, whose intentions toward the Chums of Chance are apparently sinister and for their own benefit. They appear to travel back through the stream of time without any kind of permission to execute their plans, thus making them trespassers (or parasites).

The idea of trespass could be thought of in another way too. Miles mentions Mr. Ace knowing him as a 'peeper' who observes the trespassers as they come to his time. We could think of the 'trespassers' as anyone in any time who looks back at a point in history. As such, they are actually 'peepers'. That these seem to have found a way not just to peep but actually to participate makes them more than peepers, in fact, it is this that constitutes their 'trespass'.

Pynchon seems to be playing with how we view history and the past, a theme common to all his work. The Chums, whose existence is, to an extent, fictional even within the work of fiction, are a nexus meant to control boundaries between points in time (e.g. the future and the present, or its past). Historians and other future observers want to use the past for their own purposes. If they become visible to the people in that past, they will appear as 'trespassers' and violators. As Miles says, they do "not have our best interests in mind".

We ourselves (readers and perhaps even more, Wiki authors) are also trespassers from the standpoint of the Chums. We read about them in the novel, which takes us to the past, to their present, and inserts us in a way that is invisible to them. We then write up entries and think thoughts about what they do. We are in their world in some way that to them is utterly mysterious and sinister because, again, we have own agendas in mind and not theirs.

'''enigmatic object''' 
Plotpoint?

==Page 418==

'''Trespass''' 
With a capital T.

'''evidence... everywhere''' 
Cf ''Crying of Lot 49''.

'''neuropathy''' 
An abnormal and usually degenerative state of the nervous system or nerves.

'''contracts''' 
With Devil.

'''Other Units''' 
(So our five gossiped to others?)

'''exhaustive''' 
Cf Trekkies.

'''came to recall''' 
Cf PK Dick.

'''red and indigo''' 
Clashing?

'''Marching Academy Harmonica Band''' 
In this episode the academy goes by seven permutations of the name:
*Marching Academy Harmonica Band
*Harmonica Band Marching Academy
*Marching Harmonica Band Academy
*Harmonica Marching Band Academy
*Harmonica Band Marching Academy
*Marching Harmonica Band activities
*Harmonica Marching Band Training Academy
Its identity is not very securely tied down.

==Page 419==

'''"El Capitán"''' 
Sousa march. "El Capitán" was played by a military band on the deck of Admiral Dewey's battleship as he steamed into the Bay of Manila in 1898, to "liberate" the Philippines from Spain and also, not coincidentally, achieve access for U.S. capital and goods to East Asian markets once the Philippines became a colony. Thus the references to the "intricacies of greed as then being practiced by global capitalism" a few sentences later on p. 419 is hardly out of place for TRP, particularly when mixed with comments on how patriotic bromides and marching tunes go together. The harmonicas and the comment that improvisation is definitely NOT welcome in marching band arrangements, of course, provide Pynchon's own inimitable caustic/satiric touch; cf. the kazoos in GR. On "El Capitán": see Hess, Carol A. “John Philip Sousa’s ‘El Capitan’: Political Appropriation and the Spanish-American War.” ''American Music'' (Spring 1998).

'''"Whistling Rufus"''' 
[http://hetzler.homestead.com/NBCakeWalk.html A cakewalk song] written in 1899.

'''consecrated''' 
???

'''Richardson Romanesque''' 
Style of American Romanesque architecture from 1880s-1890s, named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson, notable for use of brown stone, rounded corners, arches and cylindrical turrets. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardson_Romanesque Wikipedia Entry].

'''modal theory''' 
Context is suggestive of music theory, types of scales and keys of tonal music. However, Modal Realism is the view, notably propounded by David Lewis, that possible worlds are as real as the actual world. Possible worlds exist; the actual world is merely one among an infinite set of logically possible worlds, some nearer to the actual world and some more remote. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_realism]

'''chit''' 
Piece of military or bureaucratic paperwork; context suggests "request for transfer".

'''Bing Spooninger''' 
Like "Bing" Crosby, a crooner.

'''rack''' 
Current military and collegiate slang for "bed"--an anachronism.

==Page 420==

'''every note''' 
Om?

'''say "Wall"''' 
???

'''Now, it ain't that I wouldn't, 'cause I can but I won't,''' 
'''And I would if I wasn't, but I am so I don't''' 
This sounds very similar to a lyric from Frank Zappa's 'Stink-Foot:'

He said:
"IT DOESN'T, 'n YOU CAN'T!

I WON'T, 'n IT DON'T!

IT HASN'T, IT ISN'T, IT EVEN AIN'T

'N IT SHOULDN'T . . .

IT COULDN'T!"

He told me NO NO NO!

I told him YES YES YES!

I said: "I do it all the time . . .

Ain't this boogie a mess!"

'''difficult vocal feat''' 
???

'''segueing''' 
A deejaying term for moving from one song/track to another with no noticeable break if done correctly. 
Cf. [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow,''] Viking p. 70, line 36, where the phonetic spelling "segway" appears.

'''cakewalk''' 
An African-American entertainment having a cake as prize for the most accomplished steps and figures in walking; also, a stage dance developed from walking steps and figures typically involving a high prance with backward tilt. From this, slang for a one-sided contest or an easy task.

'''draw-note''' 
Note played on harmonica by "drawing" air through reed by sucking in rather than blowing out (insert crude sex joke here).

==Page 421==

'''popularity''' 
Masochistic love of oppressors.

'''''cover identity''''' 
Burden of resistance.

'''unannounced punishments . . . Combat-Inside-Ten-Meters''' 
Points up the Kafkaesque nature of the Academy.

'''Lombardy poplars.''' 
A large deciduous tree, reaching 30-40 m tall. They resemble large shrubs, due to their tall, slender appearance. They grow tall very quickly and usually die within 15 years of first planting. 

'''Out the window...''' 
The longest sentence so far in ATD.

'''Chromatic Harp''' 
A harmonica that plays all notes in an octave rather than a scale in a certain key. [http://www.hohnerusa.com/hchromatic.htm Examples].

'''Pitch Integrity Guard''' 
??? 
= PIG - pigs long have held a fascination over Pynchon

'''harmonica-reed files''' 
???

==Page 422==

'''I.G. Mundharfwerke''' 
Interessen-Gemeinschaft Mundharfwerke (Harmonica-works Association of Common Interests). "Mundharf" is Swabian German for "Harmonica". By analogy with I.G. Farben in ''GR'': the Mouth-Harp Cartel.

'''drifted''' 
Cf. Slothrop's desk in ''GR''.

'''the sprightly Offenbach air "Halls of Montezoo-HOO-ma!"''' 
The "Marines' Hymn" borrows the tune of the "Gendarmes' Duet" from the opera ''Geneviève de Brabant'' (1859) by French composer [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach Jacques Offenbach] (1819-1880).

'''into the Latrine''' 
Cf. Slothrop's hallucination in ''GR''.

'''vapor bearing... minerals''' 
Alluding perhaps to radon gas emitted by radiation from radium eg from the granite under Cornwall, UK. There are concerns about its presence in the water and its carcogenic effects particularly. Occurs in the Four Corners region and known to cause cancer in miners there. Also consider the emission of helium-3 from the earth itself and the ability of radioactive emissions/particles to pass through matter.
:A plainer reading: "ascents of tapwater vapor bearing traces of local minerals" refers to rising vapor (steam) from the sinks, the vapor formed from tap water that contains minerals derived from groundwater. Result: mineral deposits staining the walls and creating "images."

'''A.D.C.''' 
Aide-de-camp, administrative assistant to a commanding officer.

'''but they could find no entries in any of the daily Logs to help them remember''' 
Their situation has no precedent in any of the ''Chums'' novels. They have been betrayed, isolated and brainwashed, and they even doubt whether they are the authentic Chums. The following is not a spoiler: Any elementary handbook of plotting will tell you that they can't just single up all lines at the end of this episode and fly their ship "cheerly" on to the next adventure.

==Page 423==

'''None of them...''' 
Cf butterfly dreaming it's monk?

'''volunteer decoys''' 
Fan-meme. 
Decoy = is usually a person, device or event meant as a distraction to conceal what an individual or a group might be looking for. 
I think this surprising phrase has Pynchonian meaning about the meaning of fiction like the Chums': 'escape', 'adventure' fiction is a decoy from
reality?

'''"At a Georgia Camp Meeting"''' 
a song by a Kerry Mills originally published in 1897.
Became a very popular 'cakewalk' tune. 
Lyrics: 
A camp meeting took place, by the colored race; way down in Georgia.
There were folks large and small, lanky, lean, fat and tall, at this great Georgia camp meeting.
When church was out, how the "sisters" did shout, they were so happy.
But the young folks were tired and wished to be inspired, and hired a big brass band.

Chorus: When the big brass band began to play pretty music so gay, hats were thrown away.
Thought them foolish people their necks would break,
When they quit their laughing and talking and went to walking for a big choc'late cake.

The old "sisters" raised sand, when they first heard the band; way down in Georgia.
The preacher did glare and the deacons did stare, at the young people prancing.
The band played so sweet that nobody could eat, 'twas so entrancing.
So the church folks agreed it was not a sinful deed, and they joined in with the rest. 

''':definition within above definition: 'cakewalk'''' 
Cakewalk is a traditional African American form of music and dance which originated among slaves in the US South. A cake, or slices of cake, were offered as prizes for the best dancers — a rare treat during slavery — giving the dance its name.
The dance was invented as a satirical parody of the formal European dances preferred by white slaveowners, and featured exaggerated imitations of the dance ritual, combined with traditional African dance steps. One common form of cakewalk dance involved couples (one male and one female, with their arms linked at the elbows) lined up in a circle, dancing forward alternating a series of short hopping steps with a series of very high kicking steps. Costumes worn for the cakewalk often included large, exaggerated bowties, suits, canes, and top hats....
The dance became nationally popular among whites and blacks for a time at the end of the 19th century. The syncopated music of the cakewalk became a nationally popular force in American mainstream music, and with growing complexity and sophistication evolved into ragtime music in the mid 1890s. The music was adopted into the works of various white composers, including John Philip Sousa and Claude Debussy; the latter wrote Golliwog's Cakewalk as the final movement of the Children's Corner suite (1908).

'''"deps"''' 
Dep. from American Heritage Dictionary = 1. department 2. departure 3. dependency 4. deponent 5. deposed 6. deposit 7. depot 8. deputy 
barring any other allusion, I think 'deps' here might stand for 1) departures or 2) departments (given words about other Chums above.
:Surrogates, decoys, escape: Surely these all make it certain that "deps" means "deputies."

'''route out of the past''' 
The nostalgia trap.

'''We wish we could tell you about everything that's been going on, but it's not over yet, it's at such a critical stage, and the less said right now the better. But someday . . . ''' 
The Chums imagine "the real Chums" as being engaged in a secret war that demands only one sacrifice from "the people," that of their innocence.

==Page 424==

''''coon' material''' 
Songs and humor in which African-Americans were stereotyped (as lazy, immoral, stupid, vain, etc.) and held in contempt. The most popular coon song, though, was written by an African-American, Ernest Hogan; titled "All Coons Look Alike to Me," it has an ''AtD'' resonance. Coon material was extremely popular between about 1880 and 1910; stripped of the word "coon," a diluted form still appears nightly on your TV. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coon_song Wikipedia] has a strikingly good article.

'''isotropy''' 
the quality or condition of being equal along all directions. For more technical information see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotropy isotropy].

'''presently''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb R. Crumb] did a comic like this: [http://crumbproducts.com/prints_images/sha.gif pic] 
Nice find. That comic succintly summarizes TRP's view of the effects of railroads and "civilization."

'''opposition''' 
(Was unconscious, now conscious?)Are the Chums now able to intercede
in 'human' affairs, unlike their earlier mandate?
:That's exactly it, their stretch in the camp—sorry, the harmonica academy—has modified the terms of the C of C Prime Directive.

'''dropped from altitudes''' 
(Cf pudding above, Padzhitnoff's four-block fragments)

==Page 425==

'''"After the Ball"''' 
Music and lyrics by Charles K. Harris. This number was interpolated into the score of the hit musical ''A Trip to Chinatown'' (1892) during its record-setting Broadway run. It was introduced by J. Aldrich Libbey. When Kern and Hammerstein wanted to add period flavor to ''Show Boat'' (1927), they used "After the Ball" in the Trocadero scene where it was performed by Norma Terris. [[After the Ball|Read the lyrics...]]

'''Bukhara''' 
Either the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara Emirate of Bukhara], a former country in Central Asia or its [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhara capital]

'''T.D.Y.''' 
Abbrevation for Temporary Duty. [http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/pdf/r614_11.pdf weblink]

'''Subdesertine''' 
submerge beneath the desert or sand.

'''''Saksaul''''' 
A plant/tree native to the deserts of Central Asia, particularly the Gobi desert; it has a very hard wood and is covered with knobs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxaul Wikipedia] [http://www.pbase.com/william_sokolenko/image/68724037 pic]

It may be significant that the saksaul tree is often planted in order to stabilize the sands. Part of western Europe's civilizing mission?

'''Q. Zane Toadflax''' 
(Sounds like Douglas Adams?). Toadflax is the name of an [http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/weedfeeders/toadflax.html invasive plant species]

'''Hypopsammotic... Hypops''' 
Pure speculation, this one: Hypops seems to be used as a short plural for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopnea hypopneoa], a medical condition described as 'shallow breathing'. "Ammotic" is used as an alternative term for 'amniotic', e.g. as "ammotic fluid". So Roswell's Hypopsammotic contraption would be a kind of protective cover which however causes shortbreathedness. So perhaps a sort of diving- or space-suit is implied? This one would be for sand-travel, of course.

:That's too remote and too intricate to be plausible. ''Hypo-'' (under) + ''psammot-'' (sand, from Greek ''psammos'') + ''-ic.'' A ''psammophilous'' plant likes to grow in sand, for example.

==Page 426==

'''beating their prices''' 
Contradicts p. 425 "no further expenditure".
:P. 425 merely says that "no further expenditure for that purpose [i.e. for Hypops rigs] will be approved." Presumably, the Chums have some additional discretionary fund from which to draw cash for emergency purchases such as these.

'''that medium which is wavelike as the sea, yet also particulate''' 
Alluding to the æther theory and the dual (wave/particle) nature of light.

==Page 427==

'''temporarily lapsing into English''' 
What language is Miles--the Chums---usually speaking?

'''''pigs fly''''' 
Lindsay = pig. "When (or until) pigs fly" = never.

'''legalistic''' 
Yes, Darby is now Legal Counsel.

==Page 428==

'''ill-starred Bell Tower''' 
Cf. Renata's tarot reading on p. 253, the last card of which is The Tower. 
Cf. The Bell-Tower by Herman Melville, a famous story with an "ill-starred
bell tower" for sure. "Glancing backwards, they saw the groined belfry crashed sideways in.", a line from it which echos the picture used for the pynchonwiki home page.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 557-587

2007-06-21T01:20:15Z

Cal: /* Page 557 */ Q-weapon

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 557==

'''Viktor Mulciber''' 
Well, no benign associations with "Mulciber"! Mulciber is an alternative name of the Roman god Vulcan, the god of fire and volcanoes, and the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, and armor for gods and heroes. Mulciber is also the name of a character in John Milton's ''Paradise Lost'', the architect of the demon city of Pandemonium. In the Harry Potter books, Mulciber is a Death Eater, a minor Dark Wizard.

'''bespoke''' 
made to order, hence hand-made and expensive. Somewhere in the novel is a reference to 1 Savile Row, the address of Gieves and Hawkes, a very traditional English tailor.

'''Basil Zaharoff''' 
Sir Basil Zaharoff, originally Zacharias Basileios, (1849, Muğla, Turkey - 1936, Monte Carlo, Monaco) was a Greek arms trader and financier, the director and chairman of the Vickers munitions firm during World War I [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaharoff_Basil]. He also turns up as an international arms dealer in Reilly, Ace of Spies.

'''trains of history... run''' 
Karl Marx, in ''Das Kapital'', referred to wars as the "express trains of history" because they can spark societal or national crises, marking a historical turning point, and they can release economic, social, and moral forces of unforeseen power and dimensions, making any return to the status quo impossible.
Also notice TRP's steady referencing of 'railroads' in a negative way.

'''Q-weapon''' 
Possible allusion to Professor Kokintz's "Q-bomb" in ''The Mouse That Roared'' (1959) or to James Bond's master armorer Q. It could also be an allusion to the character "Q" in Star Trek where the name "Q" is also shared by other members of the Q Continuum. Q is a mischievous omnipotent being who has taken an interest in humans. He also has a flair for the dramatic, with a mercurial personality that switches between a joking, camp style and a more ominous and even dangerous manner. While he is boastful, condescending and threatening, he arguably has humanity's best interests at heart. In the episode "The Q and the Gray" (''Star Trek: Voyager'' - 3rd season), Q weapons are provided to the crew of the Voyager to free Q and Janeway, who have been captured by rebels. [http://www.answers.com/topic/the-q-and-the-grey Synopsis]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(Star_Trek) Wikipedia]

In this context, the Q stands for "Quaternion." See under Q in the alphabetical index.

'''Balkan ''komitadji''''' 
Originally, members of the rebel gangs ("committees"), controlled from Sofia, who made forays into Macedonia, the chief object of Bulgarian expansionism before WWI. The word was also commonly used for Serbian irregular fighters.

:See this slightly different [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komitadji Komitadji].

'''waybill''' 
Ancestor of what Fedex and UPS call "shipping document"; it identifies the article shipped and contains necessary addresses and instructions.

'''metamorphosed into an American Negro''' 
Cf honorary Negro (Frank above).

'''Nipponese''' 
Japanese

'''peach''' 
Plum, actually.

'''Hertzian''' 
Electromagnetic waves, first demonstrated by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz Heinrich Hertz] (Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318:Hertz]]).

'''they cannot strictly . . . longitudinal as well as transverse''' 
Hertz's theory and Maxwell's equations describe ''transverse'' waves in which the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of travel; no longitudinal waves--with vibrations parallel to the direction of travel--are permitted. In air, sound waves are longitudinal; what's suggested here is a new wave that does not fit the Hertz-Maxwell paradigm.

==Page 558==

'''scalar part''' 
Quaternion equivalent of the real part. 
A scalar quantity in geometry has magnitude but not direction. The length of a line segment is a scalar. 
Time is a scalar term.

'''baritone in a barbershop quartet''' 
[http://www.barbershop.org/web/groups/public/documents/pages/pub_id_000827.hcsp Quote]:Technically speaking, barbershop harmony is a style of unaccompanied singing with three voices harmonizing to the melody. The lead usually sings the melody, with the tenor harmonizing above the lead. The bass sings the lowest harmonizing notes and the baritone provides in-between notes, either above or below the lead to make chords (specifically, dominant-type or "barbershop" sevenths) that give barbershop its distinctive, "full" sound.

'''viola in a string quartet''' 
Two violins, a viola, and a violoncello make up a string quartet. The viola is between the others in pitch and is generally considered to have been given the least interesting parts in Classical and Romantic music for string quartet.

'''Further Term''' 
The three parts of a quaternion that are multiples of '''i''', '''j''' and '''k''' (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525: Quaternions]].)

'''the fulfiller of the Trinity''' 
the name of the first atom bomb detonated at Los Alamos. Alluded to earlier as the "Anti-Stone" (Webb and Merle, p.78). The origin of the name Trinity for this event is uncertain. It is commonly thought that Robert Oppenheimer provided the name, which would seem logical, but even this is not definitely known. A leading theory is that Oppenheimer did select it, and that he did so with reference to the divine Hindu trinity of Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer). Oppenheimer had an avid interest in Sanskrit literature (which he had taught himself to read), and following the Trinity test is reported to have recited a passage from the Bhagavad-Gita that is quoted earlier in this wiki. 

The usage of the Tibetan Mount Kailash, the holy dwelling place of Shiva, God of destruction and regeneration, on p. 437 seems to support this.

Also, a religious allusion to the three-person Godhead in Christian theology. 
Also, third ATD meaning!, a college in Dublin mentioned on page 560.

Also,"the Destroyer, the fulfiller of the trinity" recalls the Destroyer on page 154, the meteorite, and thus relates ''that'' passage to the Anti-Stone.

Also, in Jungian Psychology the 'fulfiller' of the trinity, making it a complete four-aspect entity, is the 'shadow', or traditionally, the devil (the force always excluded and seen as bad in Christian theology). Cf. C. G. Jung, "Versuch einer psychologischen Deutung des Trinitätsdogmas", Gesammelte Werke 11, especially p.179-94. Interestingly, Jung uses the term 'quaternarisch' for this. More Q-talk, then.

'''the pulselessness of salvation''' 
salvation lies outside of time?

'''A weapon based on Time''' 
Time is why there is entropy, that key Pynchonian term. Pynchon has created a brilliant metaphor that uses the concept uniquely. The Q-weapon, at the heart of which lies "a crystal about the size of a human eyeball" is based on Time. What becomes of the Q-weapon after Umeki (possibly) gives it to Halfcourt in Constantinople? ([[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1036|See page 1036...]])

'''"...you could become the most feared person in history." ... "I'd rather be loved," said Root.''' 
Echoes Machiavelli's famous aphorism, "It is much safer to be feared than loved."

'''laterite''' 
A mineral structure formed by erosion, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laterite Wikipedia]. Laterite is typically rich in metal oxides and poor in organic matter.

'''Ostend''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Ostend]]. Ostend (Dutch: Oostende, French & German: Ostende) is a Belgian municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It comprises the villages of Mariakerke, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest at the Belgian coast. Wikipedia.

'''Inner Boulevards''' 
streets in Brussels."In spite of the competition of the Central or Inner Boulevards, the Montagne de la Cour still remains the principal street for shopping in Brussels." "Brussels", Antiques Digest, 1904.

'''Gare du Midi''' 
The largest railway station in Brussels and a haunt of prostitutes.

<div id="gevaert"></div>'''Edouard Gevaert''' 
It seems this gentleman is fictional. although there are some interesting, but tenuous, connections. Agfa-Gevaert is the current owner of the [[W#wardenclyffe|Wardenclyffe Tower]] facility which housed the Tesla Tower. [http://www.maerlant.be/photherel/student/nvgevaert.htm Lieven Gevaert] (1868-1935) was a Belgian industrialist who founded Gevaert & Co. which produced photographic paper, in 1894. The company specialized in "daylight" paper, which relies on the event of exposure of the positive image through daylight, as opposed to development paper which is based on a process of special manipulation with chemicals. (Are photographs "stolen goods"? "Unworldy go-betweens"? Is the Q-Weapon a ... camera? No. It unlocks Time, animating the photograph - [[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1036|See page 1036]]) Agfa (Actien-Gesellschaft für Anilin-Fabrikation) was founded in 1864 as a manufacturer of dies and stains. In World War II, it became part of IG Farben (prominent in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=IG_Farben_References ''Gravity's Rainbow'']. The Allies broke up IG Farben after the war and Agfa emerged as an individual company. And, well, there ''was'' a Dutch arms dealer named Edouard de Beaumont (1841-1895) who has a rifle named after him. Yes, a stretch... Upon further reflection, I believe "Edouard" may refer to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muybridge Eadweard Muybridge] (Edouard was a variant spelling he earlier used) and his photographic experiments with ''freezing'' motion/Time.

==Page 559==

'''Krupp field-piece''' 
The Krupps are an ancient German family, famous for making weapons. A field-piece is a light-cannon.

'''vaguely glandular''' 
Describes Belgium, it seems.

'''''ostinato''''' 
A continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm.

'''poleaxed''' 
Stunned, brought to a mental standstill. (A poleaxe was used in slaughterhouses.)

'''lost to silence''' 
(Not silent, or very?)Very

==Page 560==

'''Wellington Hippodrome''' 
A race track in Ostend. (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 528|page 528:Hippodrome]].)

'''Estacade''' 
???
:A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the approach of an enemy. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Estacade]

'''''mousmée... mouchard''''' 
French: a young Japanese woman; a police spy.
:When Henry James revised ''The Princess Casamassima'' for the 1909 New York edition, the phrase "middle-class spy" in the 1886 text became ''mouchard''. Source: note by Patricia Crick in Penguin Classics edition.

'''always lead an irregular life''' 
Cf GR.

'''Maria Bayley Hamilton''' 
???
Hamilton's wife !!!

'''council meeting''' 
???

==Page 561==

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
It was on this site that the [[H#hamilton|mathematician William Rowan Hamilton]], in a flash of genius, came upon the formula for Quaternions and scratched it into the stone of the bridge.

About the bridge, the carving, photos of them, a couple of mathematicians' impression of the bridge, etc, see [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/octonions/node24.html Brougham Bridge].

'''on the stone''' 
The bridge is evidently a stone bridge. Stone, a natural thing, is a good for Pynchon. Hamilton's action is metaphorically a deeply religious moment. "Pentecostal" wherein the Quaternions 'descend' to earth [in the thoughts of men].

'''''i² = j² = k² = ijk = –1''''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Quaternion]].

'''Pentecostal''' 
Pentecost (< Greek πεντηκοστή [ἡμέρα], pentekostē [hēmera], "the fiftieth day") is the fiftieth day after Easter Sunday, which corresponds to the tenth day after Ascension Thursday. It is a feast in the Christian liturgical calendar — symbolically related to the Jewish festival of Shavuot — that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and the followers of Jesus on that day, as described in the Book of Acts, Chapter 2. Pentecost is also called "Whitsunday" (deriving from "Wit Sunday") in UK and other English-speaking areas.

Almost needless to say, the Pentecostal revelation is what is supposed to happen at the end of "Lot 49".

'''official Mischief Opportunity''' 
like 'shore leave', it seems. To leave the rules of the Organization and create mischief.

'''absinthe spoons''' 
absinthe spoons have slits whereon are placed sugar cubes through which one pours the absinthe

'''cravats''' 
A cravat is the neckband forerunner of the modern, tailored necktie. From the end of the 16th century, the term "band" applied to any long-strip neckcloth that was not a "ruff"; the ruff—a starched, pleated white linen strip—started its fashion career earlier in the 16th century as neckcloth that could be changed-a-fresh to keep the neck of a doublet from becoming too-soiled or as a bib or a napkin. A "band" could indicate a plain, attached shirt collar or a detachable "falling band" that draped over the doublet collar. 
Necktie fashions have changed over time. The modern cravat originated in the 1630s when Western Europeans saw Croats wearing extravagant neck scarves; the French word ''cravate'' means "Croatian cavalryman."

'''"four-door farce"''' 
(See eg Bogdanovich's "What's Up, Doc?")
This is also a pun on the name of Georges Feydeau, French writer of farces who was writing when Pynchon's novel is set. One of the recurring physical jokes involves sets with many doors and people coming in and out, just missing each other....

The ranking of farces by door number is mostly jocular. Neil Simon's ''Rumors'' is a fine example of a seven-door farce.

==Page 562==

'''Minque''' 
the fish auction house.

'''Bruges''' 
A city about 18 miles east of Ostende, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Bruges]].

'''Ghent''' 
A city about 40 miles southeast by east from Ostend, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Ghent]].

'''carillons . . . carillonneur''' 
The [http://www.gcna.org/crlnexp.html carillon] was popular in Belgium before it caught on in most other places. It comprises a set of bells, matched in character, forming a scale (a couple of chromatic octaves or even more), with the beaters or clappers mechanically linked to a keyboard. A later development replaced muscle power with electromechanical linkages. In a still later "advance," the carillon was automated with music-box-like control. The American practice of playing recorded bells through loudspeakers is a shamefully cheap way to imitate carillon music. 
The carillonneur is the master at the keyboard. 
English-style bell ringing is a totally different pursuit, using (often imperfectly) tuned bells actuated in nonmelodic sequences. The bells, not the clappers, are swung with ropes. The effect of an eight-bell "peal" and a team of ringers with plenty of time on their hands—as heard by this American contributor in Bristol one spring Sunday—is perfectly charming. 
By the way: The word "carillon" is derived from the Latin "quaternio" (= consisting of four elements)...

'''Hanseatic''' 
The Hansa or Hanseatic League (definitely a creation of "the Christian North," next paragraph) was a great mercantile system that held itself above national rule.

'''burghers''' 
middle-class married men

'''silted up''' 
backed up, underwater, with mud; i.e. neglected, because replaced by railroads. -As it silted up "back in the 1400s" we can safely exclude the influence of railroads.

'''Damme and Sluis''' 
Port cities near Bruges, heavily dependent on them from the 14th Century. 
See [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/communities/damme.htm Damme] and [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/arounddamme/sluis.htm Sluis]. For an overview map, showing cannals, roads etc, of the general area around Bruges-Damme-Sluis see [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/maps/generaloverview.htm Bruges-Damme-Sluis]

==Page 563==

'''trusted his intuitiveness''' 
Woevre is a natural killer.

'''''"Jou moerskont!"''... Afrikaans''' 
Possibly "you horse's ass"? --More likely something like "mother's cunt".

==Page 564==

'''voices of everyone he had ever put to death had been ... scored for some immense choir''' 
A possible reference to ''Star Wars'': Obi-wan experiences the obliteration of an entire planet as "a great disturbance in the Force, as if millions of voices suddenly cried out in terror and were suddenly silenced." [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076759/quotes]

Also another potentially time-less event, all of Woevre's murders collapsed into a single moment.

The "choir" image occurs several times in ''AtD.'' [[ATD_1-25#Page_19|One example.]]

'''"I cannot bear it ... this terrible light..."''' 
Shades of the Kirghiz Light in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=The_Kirghiz_Light ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''''Voetsak''''' 
Afrikaans (maybe Dutch too): Go away! Also spelled ''voertsek'' or ''voetsek.'' 
Borrowed in English with the spelling ''footsack.'' The Urban Dictionary, which often excites skepticism, has [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=footsack a useful entry] with a marginally plausible etymology. In [http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/lit/drama/Finished/chap5.html ''Finished'' (1916),] novelist H. Rider Haggard glossed it this way: "Among Europeans he rejoiced in the name of Footsack, a Boer Dutch term which is generally addressed to troublesome dogs and means 'Get out.'" And in a defective 1943 book for young readers, ''Great Caesar's Ghost'' (by Manning Coles, creator of gentleman op Tommy Hambledon), an English merchant seaman says, "Get out, 'op it, vamoose, footsack, imshi, or I'll—" [http://www.absp.org.uk/words/interjections.html ''Imshi''] is British service slang for "go."

'''starers''' 
Those who stared at Kit earlier.

'''dramatic performance''' 
referring to 'No'?

'''tobacco-stricken''' 
A smoker's deep or gritty voice.

'''half-silvering''' 
A design for an optical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_splitter beam splitter] that causes half of the incident light to be transmitted and the other half to be reflected.

'''the fatal number four—to a Japanese mind''' 
Japanese character for number "four" has the same pronunciation as that of character "death". 
Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 258|page 258:Japanese character for "four"]].

'''four cusps... index-surface''' 
???

'''co-conscious''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 527|page 527:co-conscious]]. Repeat here: "mental processes outside the main stream of consciousness but sometimes available to it - from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary."

Third use, I think. Who/what is co-conscious here? (First time, page 478; then page 527.)

Could it be the dimly perceived consciousness of one's double in the adjacent, alternate world? Or one's consciousness of that world?

==Page 565==

'''true icosahedron''' 
Probably an regular icosahedron, where the sides are formed by 20 equilateral triangles. For a picture see [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Icosahedron.html Icosahedron].

'''12+8... pyrites''' 
Pyrite crystals form a structure that can be decomposed into unit cells that contain (part of) 12 sulphur atoms and 8 iron atoms.

'''Riemann sphere''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_sphere Wikipedia]

'''Felix Klein''' 
German mathematician ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Klein Wikipedia])

'''ebonite''' 
An early plastic([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebonite Wikipedia])

'''Ohmic Drift Compensator''' 
ohm = the practical meter-kilogram-second unit of electric resistance equal to the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampere; The Ohmic Drift Compensator a key component of the Q-weapon "regulates how much light is allowed to enter the silvering of the mirror! Special kind of refraction! Calibrated against imaginary index! Dangerous! Of the essence!'" See also [[ATD 525-556#Page 541|Page 541]].

'''speed of the earth . . . kinetic energy''' 
Einstein in 1905 showed most of this argument to be nonsense, but if Lorentz's paper is still recent (next entry) the shift in thinking may not have happened yet. 
:Since the earth's mean orbital speed ( ~ 30 km/s) is rather small in comparison with the speed of light ( ~ 300,000 km/s), no relativistic correction is needed in calculating earth's orbital kinetic energy. And in a reference frame anchored on the Sun, the earth's kinetic eneregy, ''E = ½ m v²'', where ''m'' is the earth mass and ''v'' it's orbital speed, still holds. Einstein showed only that it is no longer true against the nonexistent stationary ''æther''. Of course, it is irrelevant to an earthbound weapon tried to make use of this energy against a person who is standing on the earth.

'''Recently Lorentz's paper''' 
Lorentz's 1904 "Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity less than that of light" ([http://www.soso.ch/wissen/hist/SRT/L-1904.pdf PDF])

'''Lorentz . . . Fitzgerald . . . along the axis of motion''' 
It was the phenomenon of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, together with the abolition of the æther by Michelson and Morley, that led Einstein to his theory of special relativity.
:Michelson and Morley did NOT abolish the æther. Their experiement (1887), attempting to detect the light speed change due to the effect of the æther wind, was a total failure, and they could not explain the negative result.
::OK, would you accept "the abolition of the æther hypothesis in consequence of Michelson and Morley's work"? In fact, that negative result—replicated many times since—did render the notion of the luminiferous æther untenable, as the next two paragraphs make clear.
:The Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis was proposed to explain the "null" result of the Michelson-Morley experiment but still keeping the æther. (see paragraph 8 of Lorentz's 1904 paper above). Lorentz considered the contraction was not physically real but a device to explain the Michelson-Morley experiment. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_Fitzgerald_contraction_hypothesis Lorentz_Fitzgerald Contraction]).

:Einstein (1905) derived the Lorentz contraction directly, without assuming the existence of the æther, from the ''Principle of Relativity'' (ie different observers moving at a constant speed with respect to each other find the laws of physics to be identical and find the speed of light to be the same), and proved that Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis had been "ad-hoc". And Einstein explain the failure of Michelson-Morley experiment by abolishing the æther !

'''Lord Rayleigh''' 
British physicist ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Rayleigh Wikipedia])

==Page 566==

'''In a dream...''' 

This passage, describing Kit's dream of Umeki and the message it conveys, pulls together many of the main themes of ''Against the Day'', tying things together in a way that Pynchon seldom does, almost as if he's providing a rather large piece of the puzzle to help the reader understand the novel:

:"Deep among the equations describing the behavor of light, field equations, Vector and Quaternion equations, lies a set of directions, an intinerary, a map to a hidden space. Double refraction appears again and again as a key element, permitting a view into a Creation set just to the side of this one, so close as to overlap, where the membrane between the worlds, in many places, has become too frail, too permeable, for safety.... Within the mirror, with the scalar term, within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark intinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist."

This is rather a good description of ''AtD'' itself. It is a (inevitably) "corrupted pilgrim's guide", but is the guide corrupted, or the pilgrim?

'''analogies''' 
(Pynchonian heuristics.)

'''the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first''' 
Cf. p. 436 '''holy pilgrimages. One defines a destination, proceeds through a series of stations...

'''lightless uncreated''' 
(Gnostic heresy?)

'''...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist.''' 
Compare with "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light." '''and''' "the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp" ([[ATD 1018-1039#Page 1032|p. 1032]]);

'''stuffed sinus''' 
sinus/nasal congestion. It is like looking out onto a new world when one's sinus finally clears after days of congestion.

'''''Konichiwa''''' 
''sic'' for "Konnichiwa / Kon nichi wa" -- Japanese greeting.

==Page 567==

'''new Puccini opera''' 
Obviously, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Butterfly Madame Butterfly]

'''[Americans] can't ever die of shame''' 
shameless, unlike the Japanese

'''Kimura-san''' 
Kimura ( "tree village") is the 18th most common Japanese surname.
-san is used as a courtesy title in Japanese-speaking areas as a suffix to the given name, surname, or title of the person being addressed, regardless of age or gender: Yamamoto san; sensei-san. 
Chimera-san?

'''Borel-Clerc... "La Matchiche"''' 
Popular vaudeville song from 1903. "La Matchiche" is French for the Brazilian dance Maxixe.

'''western anchor''' 
What about France, Spain, Portugal? Belgium is a port country with a highly developed transportation system into all of these countries. .....it was the first country to industrialize in Europe....Wikipedia.

In addition, Ostend is the westernmost port. It remains today a major Continental ferry terminus for North Sea crossings, including the fastest surface route, the hydrofoil.

'''the Orient Express''' 
The first [http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r045.html Orient Express] (1883-1914), connecting the English Channel with the Black Sea, is one of the most famous trains in Europe. It ran from Calais and Paris to Bucharest (Romania), passing through Strasbourg (France), Munich (Germany), Vienna (Austria), Bratislava (Czechoslovakia), Budapest (Hungary). From Bucharest it went through Bulgaria and then, by ferry, to Istanbul of Turkey. The original Orient Express was operated by Compaignie Internationale des Wagons-Lits. Ever since the original Orient Express started operation, the name has become synonymous with luxury travel. After World I there were various railway routes had the name of Orient Express. The current one is from Paris to Vienna, to be discontinue on June 9, 2007.

'''the Trans-Siberian''' 
The [http://www.transsib.ru/Eng/history-phases.htm Trans-Siberian] is a railway route connecting Moscow (Europe) to Vladivostok (Far East Asia). Taking a journey by the Trans-Siberian Railway has long been considered an experience with mythological proportions. It is the longest continuous rail line on earth - about 6,000 miles over one third of the globe. In 1891, Czar Alexander III drew up planes for the Trans-Siberian and initiated its construction, and a more or less continuous route was completed in 1905. It took many more years to make the route smoothly operative.

'''the Berlin-to-Baghdad''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Railway Berlin-Baghdad (also Basra) Railway] was the route of German's expansion from Europe to the Persian Gulf, from which trade goods and supplies could be directly exchanged with the farthest of the German colonies and the world. It could also supply German industry directly with oil. Its conception (1888) and completion a couple of years later engendered great opposition from Russia, France and England as part of the "Great Game".

'''Compaignie Internationale des Wagons-Lits''' 
"International Sleeping-Car Company", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlson_Wagonlit Wikipedia]

'''two hundred francs''' 
"None of that, Hakkabut. Hold your tongue." And, turning to Rosette, the captain said, "If, sir, I understand right, you require some silver five-franc pieces for your operation?"
"Forty," said Rosette, surlily.
"Two hundred francs!" whined Hakkabut.-- On a Comet, Jules Verne

'''theory of sets''' 
Set theory is the mathematical theory of sets, which represent collections of abstract objects. It encompasses the everyday notions, introduced in primary school, of collections of objects, and the elements of, and membership in, such collections. In most modern mathematical formalisms, set theory provides the language in which mathematical objects are described. It is (along with logic and the predicate calculus) one of the axiomatic foundations for mathematics, allowing mathematical objects to be constructed formally from the undefined terms of "set" and "set membership". It is in its own right a branch of mathematics and an active field of mathematical research. Wikipedia 
:The members of a set can be, say, [Mike, Mary, Jack, Richard, Ron, Umeki, . . . . . .], the employees of a company, or the passengers of the train leaving the station; they need NOT be abstract. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 535|page 525:set theory]].

'''Bruges Canal''' 
Belgium: Bruges canal. For a picture of the canal see [http://cruises.about.com/library/pictures/baltic/blbruges19.htm Bruges Canal].

==Page 568==

'''vaporetto''' 
A Venetian water-bus.

'''Grand Canal''' 
The main canal that runs through the heart of Venice and down past San Marco, the city's main square.

'''San Marco end''' 
See above. This is where Florian's (appears in the novel) is situated.

'''Piazzetta''' 
??? A small piazza. The large square in front of St Mark's is the Piazza San Marco. The smaller side square running beside the Palazzo Ducale down to the canal is the Piazzetta San Marco.

'''San Giorgio Maggiore''' 
A rather over-ornate church on the Grand Canal opposite San Marco.

'''spreading... cloak''' 
Cliche/allusion?

'''live here forever''' 
Pynchon special-pleading that Dally isn't just another tourist.
Or is this just a typical reaction of the tourist? And a Pynchonesque longing for home?

'''Teatro Verdi in Trieste''' 
A 1200+ seat theatre built in late-eighteenth century in Trieste for classical music, opera and ballet ([http://selectitaly.com/events.php?product_id=27&city_id=122 Teatro Verdi]). With its stately columns, elaborate adornments and lush elegance it is rather an unlikely venue for magic show. Another unlikely venue for magic show is Teatro Malibran in Venice (next page).

==Page 569==

'''Malibran... Polo's house''' 
The Teatro Malibran, built at the site of Marco Polo's house, which was destroyed in 1596.
:It is still there ! Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page 355|page 355:Teatro Malibran]] and the external link (for photos, etc) listed there.

'''"pincette" pass''' 
Probably from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pincer_movement pincer movement] of military strategy.
:Professor Hoffman's ''Modern Magic'' (1876) describes three "passes with coins," La Pincette, Le Tourniquet and La Coulée. Amazon has the book for sale if anyone wants to look up the details.

'''profondes''' 
"Large pockets in tail coats which can be used for vanishes or productions", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conjuring_terms Wikipedia]

'''Vincenzo Miserere''' 
??? Misero means poor, pitiful, miserable, etc. Psalm 51 (sometimes numbered as 50) is known as the Miserere because it begins (in Latin) Miserere mei Deus (Have mercy on me, God).

'''train to Trieste''' 
???Venice and Trieste are on the opposite sides (about 70 miles apart) of the same gulf : Gulf of Venice. Taking a train from Venice to Trieste would mean taking a route several times lengthier than a ferry.

'''Svegli''' 
The fictional professor's name comes from the Italian ''sveglio'' for "clever, dextrous, skillful."

'''shark leather''' 
Different from sharkskin?

'''''Specchiere''''' 
Mirror-maker

'''glassmakers on Murano''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murano Wikipedia]

'''today''' 
When is that?

'''''guaglion''''' 
Naples dialect: ''guaglione'' is boy. (It first appeared on page 531).

==Page 570==

'''another one of his stories''' 
(Jackson Pynchon should highlight all the AtD passages that originated as bedtime stories.)

'''TERAPIA''' 
Italian, "therapy"

'''San Servolo''' 
An island in the Venetian archipelago, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo Wikipedia], [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=45.418654+N,+12.35698+E&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=45.418651,12.35698&spn=0.006891,0.010793&t=k&om=1&iwloc=addr Google Maps]

'''Palazzo Ducale''' 
The Ducal Palace in Venice, residence of the Doge. It's by San Marco.

'''''manicomio''''' 
Italian, "madhouse"

'''''paramorfico''''' 
paramorphic - see the entry for [[P|Paramorphoscope]]

'''uterine vellum''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellum Vellum] produced from the skin of an unborn calf

'''pitch, rouge''' 
Products used in the grinding of lenses and mirrors.

==Page 571==

'''La Doppiatrice''' 
Italian: the Doubler.

Perhaps an analogue of the diffraction grating that splits the electron into two "alternate" electrons in Schrodinger's thought experiment on quantum effects, source here of a sort of human quantum splitting, an alternate universe creator.

'''Ettore Sananzolo''' 
???

'''Maskelyne cabinet''' 
After Neville Maskelyne, from ''Mason and Dixon.'' Maskelyne was sent at the same time as M and D to record the Transit of Venus on St. Helena. He became Astronomer Royal while they were in America.

While Maskelyne is indeed a real person, the name is very suggestive of mescaline. The two do not seem to be "related."

More likely a descendant, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nevil_Maskelyne John Nevil Maskelyne.] --[[User:Jeffersonista|Jordan]] 13:46, 25 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 572==

'''smoke back into a cigar''' 
Time's arrow/ entropy motif.

'''hard-as-a-rock black cigar''' 
The quality of a cigar is usually higher with dark, more tightly-wrapped tobacco. Vincenzo has a fine one, it seems.

'''thumping''' 
sound/feeling of a water-bus?

'''''salso''''' 
Longest river in Sicily.Its small deltaic system there is dominated by marine processes rather than fluvial ones. It is a seasonal torrent, with brief but violent floods during the winter rains (from November to February), Is this what riding the salso in and back out again means? Riding the floods from the winter rains?

Hardly. 'Salso' (ital.) means 'salty', so this is probably a poetical word for 'the sea'.

'''''sandoli''''' 
??? The sandolo is a type of boat used in Venice, similar to a gondola but (I believe) larger.

'''trains pulling in''' 
Famous early film.

==Page 573==

'''San Polo''' 
It is one of the six districts (sestieri) of Venice. (The other five are: Cannaregio, Dorsoduro, Santa Croce, San Marco, and Castello.) It (with Santa Croce and Dorsoduro) is located at the south side of the Grand Canal just across the Rialto bridge from San Marco. The San Polo district is the second most important area of Venice in terms of historical immportance and attractions for the tourists. It is the home to the Rialto market, the old artisan quarters of Venice, and the stunning Frari church.

'''Cannareggio''' 
It is commonly spelled Cannaregio. It is located north of the Grand Canal, and is one of the few parts of the city where Venetians still live in great numbers. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannaregio Canaregio].

==Page 574==

'''thirty years older''' 
About 65yo?

'''that day''' 
In NYC when Dally showed up.

'''when she was born''' 
Cf Pretenders/Chryssie Hynde.

'''Stronzo''' 
Italian curse word, roughly "asshole"

'''''In bocc' al lupo!''''' 
From the Roman dialect, in which the Italians – including Rocco and Pino – seem to speak. Meaning, literally, "In the
mouth of the wolf," and idiomatically, "Good luck."

Specifically, as supported by the show business context, the good-luck wish among actors: "Break a leg!"

'''''campielli''''' 
??? Small squares. A campo is literally a field and by extension a large square in a town. A campiello is a small square. I believe Venice has only one Piazza (San Marco) and the other squares are campi and campielli.

'''impersonation of itself''' 
echoes "the mountains had become geometrical impersonations of themselves", p. 394

==Page 575==

'''Riva''' 
??? Probably Riva del Vin by the Grand Canal; a great tourist attraction from where one can view the historical Rialto Bridge. (The word ''riva'' itself means ''river bank''). [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-025 Riva del Vin] and[http://www.altravistavenezia.it/_VirtualTours/VA/Rialto_Riva_del_Vin/rialto_riva_del_vin.html Rialto-Riva del Vin]

'''middy blouses''' 
In the style of a midshipman's blouse (shirt).

'''not yet been rebuilt''' 
Remember p256.

'''''lucciole''''' 
prostitutes

'''''fondamenta''''' 
A waterside street in Venice

'''''ombreta''''' 
??? A local wine produced in the hills north of Venice. 
Well, actually ''ombreta de vin'' means "a glass of wine" in Venetian dialect.

'''light's good here''' 
Old joke about drunk looking for car keys under streetlight though he dropped them somewhere else.

'''inside that labyrinth . . . microcosm of all Venice''' 
A hologram has this property, that a little chip broken off it contains the entire image. This is, however, a specific reference to Fractal non-Euclidian Geometry ... self-similarity over scale. A fractal is an object or quantity that displays self-similarity, in a somewhat technical sense, on all scales. The object need not exhibit exactly the same structure at all scales, but the same "type" of structures must appear on all scales. A plot of the quantity on a log-log graph versus scale then gives a straight line, whose slope is said to be the fractal dimension. The prototypical example for a fractal is the length of a coastline measured with different length rulers. The shorter the ruler, the longer the length measured, a paradox known as the coastline paradox, mentioned by Pynchon on [[ATD_821-848#Page_821|page 821: coastline approaching infinite length]].
:Good argument for the fractal reference, better than the original one for the hologram metaphor. Hunter is not making smaller and smaller paintings ("chips") but rather exploiting an observation about scale.

==Page 576==

'''''rio''''' 
narrow waterway in Venice (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 245|page 245:''rio'']].)

'''twelve soldi''' 
??? A soldo is a small coin.

'''franc... ten francs''' 
???

'''Santos-Dumont style''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 529|page 529:Monsieur Santos-Dumont]]

'''Canaletto''' 
Real name: [http://www.wga.hu/bio/c/canalett/biograph.html Zuane Antonio Canal] (1697-1768), a well-known scenery painter at the time. He went to England in 1746 and returned to Venice in 1755. 
Venetian landscape painter, 1697-1768, famous for his paintings of Venice ([http://www.artericerca.com/ven_set/Canaletto/canaletto.htm Italian website]).

As described, Penhallow's pictures are reminiscent, in spirit and in some ways content, of John Singer Sargent's Venetian paintings. Sargent also later painted one of the most haunting images of World War I, [http://jssgallery.org/Paintings/Gassed/Gassed.htm "Gassed"], showing a column of men blinded by mustard gas feeling their way to an aid station.

'''Beppo''' 
Allusion to Byron's poem "Beppo - A Venetian Story". Beppo is a husband who's been away for many years and then, returning, reclaims his wife from another man.

Beppo = Mouse, diminutive of Giuseppi. There is also Beppo Levi (born on May 14, 1875 in Turin, Italy, died on August 28, 1961 in Rosario, Argentina) Italian mathematician, director of the Mathematics Institute of the National University of the Littoral from 1939 to 1961. His work included the mathematics of alternative spaces[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beppo_Levi].

'''pitch''' 
From Merriam-Webster Dictionary: ''chiefly British: an outdoor site (as for camping or doing business).

'''Bauer-Grünwald''' 
An expensive hotel near San Marco in Venice.

'''demobilized from a war that nobody knew about . . . seeking refuge from time''' 
Hunter Penhallow, one of the Trespassers?

==Page 577==

'''a time-traveler from the future''' 
Hunter Penhallow IS a Trespasser.

''''Safe'''' 
Recent art-movie title? I think safe here means safe without allusion.

'''neutral hour?''' 
Is any moment in Time apolitical?

'''Castello''' 
Castello is the largest of the six sestieri of Venice. The district grew up from the thirteenth century around a naval dockyard on what was originally the Isole Gemini.

Not sure on the derivation of Isole Gemini; but Gemini, like Pisces (cf. Fomalhaut, the brightest star in the Pisces constellation) and Sagittarius, are the dual signs of western astrology in keeping with "bi-locations," Deuce Kindred, Renfrew/Werfner, mirrors, etc.

Jyotisha (Indian astrology) includes Virgo as a dual sign or dvisvabha rashis -- thus forming a Quaternity (4 signs or rashis)of Duality. It's interesting that Pynchon does not say Gemini and Pisces directly, but alludes to them behind Castello and Fomalhaut. Be on the lookout for twins, fish, virgins and centaurs!

'''Evening Gun''' 
"At reveille the morning gun goes off; and at retreat, the evening". From
a history description. Here is a site with picture.http://www.ziplink.net/~edkreutz/1f.html

'''Dr. Grace''' 
Renowned, full-bearded 19th-century English cricket player.

'''Charing Cross''' 
Charing Cross Railway Station, London. The original station was opened on 11 January 1864 by the South East Railway. Now, over 37 million people pass through Charing Cross every year. Situated on the forecourt of the stations is the Eleanor Cross, from which point road distances from London are measured. For more see [http://www.networkrail.co.uk/aspx/795.aspx#history Charing Cross].

==Page 578==

'''Dorsoduro''' 
An area of Venice. The Dorsoduro district is a relatively central area of the city, located on the opposie side of the Grand Canal from the San Marco district. But, at the smae time it offers the visitor a chance to explore a delightful part of the city free from the crowds of San Marco.
The Accademia Gallery, Peggy Gugggenheim Museum, and the Santa della Maria Salute Church (one of the most famous landmarks of Venice) are all located here. [http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_dorsoduro.htm Dorsoduro].

'''''pensione''''' 
A cheap Italian hotel, like a bed and breakfast.

'''La Calcina''' 
A historical hotel. La Calcina means ''The Lime House'', because the hotel was built on a 17th-century lime production site. It is located on the Zattere promenade, at the foot of the Calcina Bridge. Various Bohemian artists frequented the Café of the hotel, and John Ruskin indeed stayed at the hotel from February 13 to May 23, 1877. For the historical background of the hotel see [http://www.lacalcina.com/HTML/en/calcina_storia_en.html La Calcina].

'''eminent ghosts, Turner and Whistler, Ruskin, Browning....'''

Evokes Lytton Strachey's ''Eminent Victorians'' and this Quaternity of artists were eminent indeed (though not the subject of Strachey's book). All had a conection to Venice, and the note on Ruskin at the La Calcina above could be true of the other three as well.

Robert Browning became a ghost in Venice in 1887. Of particular historic significance, Browning was the first person to ever have his voice heard after his death. Thomas Edison recorded Browning reading his poem "How They Brought Good News from Ghent to Aix" including the poet's apologies for forgetting the words. The recording was first played in Venice in 1890.

'''''"traces of conciousness". Psychical Research beginning to open these matters..streaming by''''' 

Possible allusion to Joyce's "stream of conciousness". Ulysses is also set in 1904, the year Joyce met his wife.

But that is not the stream of consciousness refered to here, and it is the wrong "James." William James actually coined the term "stream of consciousness." Joyce was not the first to use it as a literary technique either -- he just perfected it in a way not seen before -- except perhaps in Proust.

Considering the context in AtD concerns ghosts and the very next sentence begins with a mention of Psychical Research, "traces of consciousness" is not so much stream of consciousness as a trailing vapor or whisp of consciousness that streams by as a "kind of ghost." Think in terms of thought transference, ESP, mediums, hypnosis, hallucinations, ghosts. More than a few characters in this novel are involved in these things.

In order to study these phenomena, three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge founded The Society for Psychical Research in 1882. William James helped to found the American branch and was president of the group for a while.

There are recurring parallels in AtD to a famous James quote from ''Varieties of Religious Experience'':

Our normal waking consciousness . . . is but one special type of consciousness, whilst all about it, parted from it by the flimsiest of screens, there lie potential forms of consciousness entirely different. We may go through life without suspecting their existence; but apply the requisite stimulus and at a touch they are all there in all their completeness . . . No account of the universe in its totality can be final which leaves these other forms of consciousness quite disregarded.

'''Zattere''' 
An area of wide waterfront pavements in Venice.

'''''...in hotels, the way your dreams are often, alarmingly, not your own?''''' 
One more possible allusion to Proust, including also the following paragraph. At the beginning of the ''Recherche'', the main character, Marcel, spends a sleepless night in a hotel room, surrounded by memories he can't make sense of.

In ''Lot 49'' Oedipa Maas considers all the dreams and memories stored in the mattresses of transients' hotels, and of the information destroyed when they burned.

'''''cimici''''' 
Latin: bedbug.

'''bora''' 
a regional wind, blowing each winter.

==Page 579==

'''vino forte''' 
strong wine.

'''Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Brletta''' 
They are the cities in Puglia (Apula) region of southeast Italy, ie. at the "heel of the Italian Boot".

'''Tintoretto's ''Abduction . . .''''' 
See [http://www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3374 here]

Tintoretto (1518-94), Venetian painter. Originally named Jacopo Robusti, because of his father's profession of ''tintore'' (dye) he was nicknamed as [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tintoret/biograph.html Tintoretto]. The most successful painter of Venetian school in the generation after Titian. His drawings, unlike Michelangelo's detailed life studies, are brilliant, rapid notations, bristling with energy, and his color is more somber and mystical than Titian's. For a better, can be enlarged, view of his [http://www.wga.hu/index1.html ''Abduction of the Body of St. Mark (1562-66)''].

'''Accademia''' 
The major art-gallery in Dorsoduro, Venice

'''Titian''' 
16th century Venetian painter. 
Vecellio Tiziano (1490-1576), better known as Titian, the greatest painter of the Venetain School and the leading light of the Italian Renaissance. Titian was recognized as a towering genius in his own time and his reputation as one of the giants of art has never been seriously questioned. He was supreme in every branch of painting and his achievements were so varied — ranging "from the joyous evocation of pagan antiquity . . . to the depths of tragedy in his late religious paintings" — that he has been an inspiration to artists of very different character. In many subjects, above all in portraiture, he set patterns that were followed by generations of artists. For more and Titian's paintings [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tiziano/biograph.html Titian].

'''Infancy Gospel of Thomas''' 
One of the apocryphal scriptures. The Infancy Gospel of Thomas relates the miraculous deeds of Jesus before he turned twelve. [http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/infancythomas.html 1] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Thomas Wikipedia on the Gospel of Thomas]

→Actually, The Infancy Gospel of Thomas is not the same as the Gospel of Thomas. The former is a brief summary of Jesus' misadventures as a child (as AtD notes, Jesus really is described as a hell-raiser and although at one point he brings a child named Zenon back from death, the Infancy Gospel mostly just makes a shallow exhibition of Jesus' miraculous powers). The latter is a Gnostic text and a "collection of sayings, prophecies, proverbs, and parables of Jesus" (Willis Barnstone, "The Other Bible" p. 299).

Also, I read through the whole Infancy Gospel of Thomas and could not find the particular parable that Pynchon describes. However, Pynchon's parable is in keeping with the style of this Gospel. Jesus gets in trouble--making adults irate--and then sets everything straight. This particular parable also does not appear in The Infancy Gospel of James, The Infacy Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, or The Arabic Infancy Gospel.

The reference to this Gospel is a double+ play on the twins/double/mirror motif. First, as can be seen in this posting, there is confusion between the Gospel of Thomas and the Infancy Gospel of Thomas. The two gospels appear to be the same, but they are different. Second, the name ''Thomas'' means ''twin''. Also(+), Thomas is the doubting Thomas.
To doubt is to be "of two minds." The historic and theological significance of Thomas is loaded with themes relevant to this novel.

==Page 580==

'''Pentecost story in Acts''' 
Pentecost is a Christian holiday commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus' followers and the beginning of the Christian church. Pentecost is celebrated by many (but not all) Christians on the Sunday 50 days after Easter. It often falls in early June. [[Acts II|Read the Biblical passages in Acts II...]]

'''Galilean dialect''' 
Of Aramaic.

'''Yes, well, it's redemption, isn't it, you expect chaos, you get order instead''' 
In the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and the Pentecost, first Jesus, then the Holy Ghost, act as Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon]. In the Infancy Gospel story, Jesus sorts the randomly mixed dye molecules so that each garment comes out one color; in the Pentecost story the Holy Ghost causes a single language, just random noise to all but Galileans, to be heard as the many different languages of the listeners. Taking the two stories together, thermodynamic entropy is reversed, but the entropy of information is increased. This is the crux of ''Lot 49''; here it is another "secular miracle"; order emerges from chaos. The mathemateicians, artists and similar seekers may bring forth a similar miracle, the ability to experience other dimensions, to understand the universe (See Kit's dream, P.566).

'''''rii''''' 
Plural of ''rio''.

==Page 581==

'''''sotopòrteghi''''' 
An open doorway for public access. (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 246|page 246:sotopòrteghi]].)

'''Bodeo 10.4 mm''' 
A mass-produced Italian-made service revolver, initially made around 1889. Demand for them as guns was low, causing thousands of the weapons to be converted to table lamps. An interesting Pynchonian connection between light, manufacture, weapons, and war.

==Page 582==

'''''foschetta''''' 
''Foschia'' in Italian means "fog". ''Foschetta'' is a term for "light fog".

'''''masègni''''' 
???
:blocks of Euganean trachyte used for paving, often marked off by bands of Istrian stone

'''''patrone''''' 
Probably meaning ''padrone'', "master". -- blicero2
:or female saint? not referring to Tonio but just as an expression.

'''wine trains up from Puglia''' 
???Puglia region is in southeast of Italy (at the "heel of the Italian Boot"). From page 578-579: "In September, when the vino forte arrived from Brindis, Squinzano, and Barletta . . ." These three cities are in Puglia. Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:vino forte]] and [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Barletta]].

'''Winter''' 
1904-1905?

'''''osterie''''' 
tavern?

'''Principessa Spongiatosta''' 
Is Pugnax's book from p6 at all relevant here?
:Yes! [[Princess_Casamassima,_The|''The Princess Casamassima'']] has several resonances with ''AtD.''

'''Ca'''' 
Abbreviated form of "Casa," Italian for "house."

Which appears to be multidimensional, or at any rate non-Euclidean, reminiscent of Zombini's cabinet.

'''Roman Composite order''' 
A classical order (style of building design) dating from late Roman times, formed by superimposing Ionic volute (volute = a spiral scroll ornament) on a Corinthian capital (capital = the head or crowning feature of a column). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_order Composite order]).

'''japonica''' 
Japanese honeysuckle.

==Page 583==

'''Iron Bridge''' 
The Ponte dell’Accademia - connecting the Venetian quarters (sestieri) San Marco and Dorsoduro - was constructed during the Austrian occupation in 1854. This steel construction got replaced ca. 1933 by a wooden bridge (which was replaced by yet another wooden bridge in 1985) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_dell'Accademia Wikipedia]

'''Le Havre''' 
French port city on the Atlantic (English Channel).

'''''ma via''''' 
Meaning "come on!", in Italian. -- blicero2

'''third eyes touching''' 
The third eye, as existing on some reptiles is a dorsal organ that is receptive to light, otherwise known as the ''pineal eye''. Since the two half-sisters are obviously not reptiles, this reference might allude to the figurative third eye, or the eye of the mind, heart or soul. When the two touch foreheads, they are able to peer into each other consciences, by way of these third eyes. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/third+eye /Dictionary Entry]

==Page 584==

'''"Swiss insurance salesman. Wolf. No, Putzi."''' 
Bria's had so many beaux she gets them confused? One was a wolf; the other a putz?
:''Wolf'' is an uncommon given name but also a diminutive of Wolfgang. ''Putzi'' does not come from a given name; it's like "sweetiepie," a nickname for a cute boy.

'''''topo''''' 
A topo is a guide for a crag or climbing area.

'''Dogana''' 
Custom House, built on a wedge of land called ''Punta della Dogana'' (Custom Point). This wedge of land is at the entrance of the Grand Canal, as described in the text: "where the Grand Canal and the Lagoon meet". The original 14th-century customs tower was replaced by a colonnaded building named the ''Dogana de Mare'' (Sea Customs Post). See picture [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/media_1041505867_761562189_-1_1/Punta_della_Dogana_Venice.html Punta della Dogana]

'''Andrea Tancredi''' 
An artist and acquaintence made by Hunter Penhallow in Venice. His name is likely derived from the Gioacchino Rossini opera ''Tancredi'' or the Voltaire play by the same name. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancredi Wikipedia Entry] 
Tancredi, restored, is a tragedy. the soldier Tancredi and his family have been stripped of their estates and inheritances, and he himself has been banished since his youth. Two more noble families — headed by Argirio and Orbazzano — have been warring for years. Wikipedia.
Tancredi presides in exile...he is mortally wounded at the end after learning the person he thought betrayed the heroine did not.

:Actually, per [[T#tancredi|my entry in the Alpha index]], more likely the name connects with Tancredi, the time-traveling character in ''City of Death'', a four-part serial in the British science fiction television series ''Dr. Who'' which involves time travel and bilocation. Tancredi is the sole survivor of the Jagaroth race, an evil people who destroyed themselves in a war some 400 million years ago. Tancredi explains that a few escaped in a dilapidated spacecraft and found Earth in a primeval, lifeless stage of its development. The ship disintegrated upon takeoff and [[Scaroth]] tells of how he was fractured in time, splinters of his being were scattered across time and space, all identical, none complete. Whereas, in ''City of Death'', Tancredi, one of the Scaroff "splinters" living in Renaissance Italy, is plotting to create multiple Mona Lisa's for fraudulent purposes, ''Against the Day'''s Tancredi is fighting art fraud. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Death Read the synopsis of ''City of Death'']; The name "Andrea" ''could'' be a reference to the protagonist Andrea Marsh, a time-traveler in the 1889 novel, ''Timeless Love'' by Judy Hinson ([[Timeless Love|synopsis]]).

'''Seurat and Signac''' 
George Seurat (1859-1891) and Paul Signac (1863-1935), French painters who developed pointillism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointillism Wikipedia entry].

'''Divisionism''' 
Term invented by Paul Signac to describe the Neo-Impressionist separation of colour into dots or patches applied directly to the canvas. From Grove Dictionary of Art.

'''Marinetti''' 
The Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti was the first among [the Futurists] to produce a manifesto of their artistic philosophy in his Manifesto of Futurism (1909)(see below).

'''"Futurists"''' 
Practitioners or followers of Futurism, an early 20th century art movement that is considered the genesis of Cubism, Dada and Art Deco. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism_%28art%29 Wikipedia entry].Marinetti summed up the major principles of the Futurists, including a passionate loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions. He and others also espoused a love of speed, technology and violence. The car, the plane, the industrial town were all legendary for the Futurists, because they represented the technological triumph of man over nature.

'''brutalism''' 
See above and The Futurists were often condemned as fascistic in their manifestos and outlook.

'''Torcello''' 
A lonely Venetian island: very peaceful and beautiful with a church and little else.

'''primitivo''' 
A kind of red wine (same as the original Zinfandel, actually).

==Page 585==

'''green-and-lavender''' 
Another clashing color scheme.

'''sirocco''' 
A hot dust-laden wind from the Libyan deserts that blows on the northern Mediterranean coast chiefly in Italy, Malta, and Sicily. 
The correct spelling in Italian is ''Scirocco''.

'''San Michele''' 
San Michele, nicknamed The Island of the Dead, is the cemetery island of Venice. It is associated with the sestiere of Cannaregio from which it lies a short distance north east.
Walls of San Michele.Along with neighbouring San Cristoforo della Pace, the island was a popular place for local travellers and fishermen to land. Mauro Codussi's Chiesa di San Michele in Isola of 1469, the first Renaissance church in Venice, and a monastery lie on the island.

'''futuristic vehicle''' 
See p. 155 [[ATD_149-170#Pages_154-155|and annotations.]] Of course, the machine-inspired Futurists would remind Hunter of this vehicle that 'had borne him to safety'!

'''''Preliminary Studies...''''' 
Artists often do 'preliminary studies'..'infernal machine' comes out of Futurism's ideas.

==Page 586==

'''Always with us.''' 
Gospel of Matthew. "The poor you will always have with you". Here reference is to born-again Christers.

'''''vero?''''' 
Literally meaning ''true'' in Italian, here it is used as you would use: "Are you talking of an infernal machine, ''aren't you'' ?"

'''orpiment yellow''' 
A yellow color pigment ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpiment Wikipedia])

'''Nürnberg violet''' 
An artificial color pigment discovered in 1868 in the city of Nuremberg

==Page 587==

'''"The energies of motion, the grammatical tyrannies of becoming, in divisionismo we discover how to break them apart into their component frequencies . . . we define a smallest element, a dot of color which becomes the basic unit of reality . . . .''' 
This seems to describe both the kind of painting done by Tancredi and atomic research. Breaking material into its atomic unit, the basic unit of reality, is literally part of the "energies of motion."

'''Brownian movement''' 
Also called Brownian motion. It is the irregular motion of small particles suspended in a liquid or a gas, caused by the bombardment of the particles by molecules of the medium
first divscovered by botanist Robert Brown (1773-1858) in 1827. Einstein in one of his four ''Annus Mirabilis Papers'' of 1905 explained the random motion using molecular kinetic theory of heat. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:young Einstein]].

'''I really love the old dump''' 
For the same reason Dally does: Venice has what Pynchon called (in ''V.'') "Temporal Bandwidth": a life in a depth of time, a simultaneous humane immersion in past, present and future. The canals of industrialized Belgium are silted up, the connections to its Hanse past lost, paved and tracked over. This has not, and cannot, happen to Venice; even a Futurist painter cannot carry out the appaling modernization he describes. Venice is a place to hide from the future; indeed, in terms of physical destruction, the world wars barely touched La Serenisima.

'''''nebbia, nebbietta, foschia, caligo, sfumato''''' 
Varieties of fog.

'''speed of sound''' 
Air temperature is more important that density.

'''''La Velocità del Suono''''' 
Italian, "speed of sound"

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

Hassan's Dissappearance Discussion

2007-06-20T00:47:54Z

Cal:

"He looked around to to tell Hassan, who he was sure had already seen into his thoughts. Hassan was of course no longer there." (p. 769)

When Kit journies to Lake Baikal via the stone arch of Tushuk Tash, he is accompanied by Hassan, the loyal lieutenant of the Doosra.

Al-Doosra is the "local prophet" who was "driven mad by the desert" (p. 756) and who advocates for a Pan-Turania from Manchuria to Hungary united under a "single Shamanistic ruler" - a Northern Prophet known as "the One who comes. " Hassan and the Doosra are also very into ganga.

What does Hassan's dissappearance mean? You got me.

Here are the relevant sections that I can see:

Auberon Halfcourt: "The future out here simply belongs to the Prophet. It might have gone differently. This madman might have actually founded his pan-shamanic empire." (p. 758)

Lieutenant Prance: "Because this Arch is the Gateway," declared Prance - "unless we enter by way of it, we shall always be on the wrong journey." (p. 764)

Al-Doosra: "I am only a servant in this matter," said the Doosra. "My own master will be found in the north, at his work. If you wish to seek him for yourself, he will receive you." (p. 765)

At Tushuk Tash:

Hassan: "We have nearly completed the journey." 
Kit: "And the Prophet? The Doosra's master? Shall I speak to him?" 
Hassan: "You spoke to him." (p. 768) 

Then Hassan dissappears.

After:
Lieutant Prance: "Out here pilgrimage is a matter of kind and wrathful deities. Timing. Guidance." 
Kit: "Waht's that mean?" 
Prance: "Ask Hassan." 
Kit: "Hassan dissappeared the minute we got to the Lake." 
Prance: "Exactly." (p. 774)

OK, so who was Hassan? Who was teh Doosra? Why did Hassan disssapear? And why did he leave Kit with more ganga?

Any thoughts?

Hassan's Dissappearance Discussion

2007-06-20T00:45:10Z

Cal:

"He looked around to to tell Hassan, who he was sure had already seen into his thoughts. Hassan was of course no longer there." (p. 769)

When Kit journies to Lake Baikal via the stone arch of Tushuk Tash, he is accompanied by Hassan, the loyal lieutenant of the Doosra.

Al-Doosra is the "local prophet" who was "driven mad by the desert" (p. 756) and who advocates for a Pan-Turania from manchuria to Hungary united under a "single Shamanistic ruler" - a Northern Prophet known as "the One who comes. " Hassan and the Doosra are also very into ganga.

What does Hassan's dissappearance mean? You got me.

Here are the relevant sections that I can see:

Auberon Halfcourt: "The future out here simply belongs to the Prophet. It might have gone differently. This madman might have actually founded his pan-shamanic empire." (p. 758)

Lieutenant Prance: "Because this Arch is the Gateway," declared Prance - "unless we enter by way of it, we shall always be on the wrong journey." (p. 764)

Al-Doosra: "I am only a servant in this matter," said the Doosra. "My own master will be found in the north, at his work. If you wish to seek him for yourself, he will receive you." (p. 765)

At Tushuk Tash:

Hassan: "We have nearly completed the journey."
Kit: "And the Prophet? The Doosra's master? Shall I speak to him?"
Hassan: "You spoke to him." (p. 768)

Then Hassan dissappears.

After:
Lieutant Prance: "Out here pilgrimage is a matter of kind and wrathful deities. Timing. Guidance."
Kit: "Waht's that mean?"
Prance: "Ask Hassan."
Kit: "Hassan dissappeared the minute we got to the Lake."
Prance: "Exactly." (p. 774)

OK, so who was Hassan? Who was teh Doosra? Why did Hassan disssapear? And why did he leave Kit with more ganga?

Any thoughts?

Hassan's Dissappearance Discussion

2007-06-20T00:41:31Z

Cal:

"He looked around to to tell Hassan, who he was sure had already seen into his thoughts. Hassan was of course no longer there." (p. 769)

When Kit journies to Lake Baikal via the stone arch of Tushuk Tash, he is accompanied by Hassan, the loyal lieutenant of the Doosra.

Al-Doosra is the "local prophet" who was "driven mad by the desert" (p. 756) and who advocates for a Pan-Turania from manchuria to Hungary united under a "single Shamanistic ruler" - a Northern Prophet known as "the One who comes. "

What does Hassan's dissappearance mean? You got me.

Here are the relevant sections that I can see:

Auberon Halfcourt: "The future out here simply belongs to the Prophet. It might have gone differently. This madman might have actually founded his pan-shamanic empire." (p. 758)

Lieutenant Prance: "Because this Arch is the Gateway," declared Prance - "unless we enter by way of it, we shall always be on the wrong journey." (p. 764)

Al-Doosra: "I am only a servant in this matter," said the Doosra. "My own master will be found in the north, at his work. If you wish to seek him for yourself, he will receive you." (p. 765)

At Tushuk Tash:

Hassan: "We have nearly completed the journey."
Kit: "And the Prophet? The Doosra's master? Shall I speak to him?"
Hassan: "You spoke to him." (p. 768)

Hassan's Dissappearance Discussion

2007-06-20T00:34:57Z

Cal:

Hassan's Dissappearance Discussion

2007-06-20T00:29:00Z

Cal: New page: "He looked around to to tell Hassan, who he was sure had already seen into his thoughts. Hassan was of course no longer there." (p. 769) When Kit journies to Lake Baikal via the stone arc...

ATD 768-791

2007-06-20T00:20:37Z

Cal: /* Page 769 */ Hassan was no longer there

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 768==

'''fourteeners''' 
Affectionate name applied by Coloradans to mountain peaks 14,000 feet (approx. 4200 m) high.

'''Lake Baikal''' 

Another bi-location: one world out here, another reflected one in the lake. Oh, and the first syllable of the name is pronounced BY.

Photos of Lake Baikal: [http://angara.net/photo/album/122] & [http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/lakebaikal/]

An Article on the Oddities of Lake Baikal: [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF9/986.html] 

Wikipedia Entry: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Baikal]

==Page 769==

'''Mount Kailash''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_437|page 437: Mount Kailash]].

'''Tengri Khan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Tengri Tengri Khan] is a mountain, the second-highest peak (23,000 ft) of the Tian Shan mountain range.

'''Hassan was of course no longer there.''' 
OK, I have no idea what happened here. Since this is the non-spoiler section, maybe we can talk about it here: [[Hassan's Dissappearance Discussion|DISCUSSION]]

'''a maze of slot canyons''' 
The ground is crumpled rather like Kovalevskaia's handkerchief on page 634.

==Page 770==

'''stand before the Gate . . . Kit looked up . . .''' 
See the picture here: Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Tushuk Tash]].

'''followed by the whizzing sound''' 
As the impact of the V-2 was in ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

==Page 771==

'''You are released''' 
Echoes ''Ite, missa est'' on page 668.

'''samovars . . . gasping and puffing''' 
Samovar: a double urn containing a large amount of hot water and a small amount of super-strong tea. Passengers mixed their own to taste. The hot-water urn (the samovar proper) was in fact a small charcoal boiler; there ''was'' much steam. Many Russian railroad cars had samovars.

'''Ak-su''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksu_City Ak-su] (White Water) is a city in Xinjiang, China. It is located in the Southern foothills of Tian Shan. The economy of Ak-su is mostly agricultural, with cotton, in particular the long-staple cotton, as the main product.

'''Kucha''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucha Kucha] is a city in Xinjiang. It was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Takalmakan desert in the Tarim Basin.

'''Korla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korla Korla], also spelled as Kurla, is a city south of Karashahr. The Iron Gate Pass, 4 miles north of the city, played an important part in protecting the ancient Silk Road from rading nomads from the north.

'''Karasahr''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karasahr Karasahr] (Black City) is located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan desert.

'''nephrite''' 
Fibrous silicate mineral, one of the constituents of jade.

'''Turfan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turfan Turfan] is an oasis city located about 90 miles southeast of Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang, China, in a mountain basin on the northern side of the Turfan Depression. Even though it has only 0.9 inch rainfall per year, Turfan has long been the center of a fertile oasis, producing great quatities of high-quality fruits, and an imprtant trade center.

'''Flaming Mountains''' 
[http://www.chinaetravel.com/attraction/att27c.html Flaming Mountains] are red sandstone hills on the northern edge of the Turfan Basin. The red of the hills has been likened to burning flames, and temperatures often reach a sweltering 130° F. The Mountains were made famous by the 16th-century Chinese classic novel ''Journey to the West''.

'''the Sangre de Cristos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains The Sangre de Cristos] (Blood of Christ) are the southermost subrange of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

==Page 772==
'''the ancient kingdom of Khocho . . . to be the historical Shambhala''' 
Dr Edwin Bernbaum, a Research Associate of the University of California, Berkeley, claimed, in his book [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] (1980, 2001), that Shambhala is not in the Himalayas, but far to the north, in the Turfan Depression, "Established by the Uighurs, a Turkish perople, around 850, the kingdom of Khocho flourished for four hundred years as a remarkable oasis of culture and learning. A predominantly Buddhist country, with numerous monasteries, it also had active centers of Manicheanism and Nestorian Christianity . . . At the time the ''Kalackra'' appreared in India, the kingdom of Khocho probably possessed the most advanced civilization of any country in Central Asia. Well-irrigated fields and orchards produced enough surplus food to allow the Uighurs to run welfare programs for the poor. Living together in peaceful harmony, people of different races, relgions and languages stimulated each other's thought and culture. Paintings found in the ruins of Turfan show houses built in the Chinese style, men and women dressed in embroidered silk, and a chamber ensemble complete with harps, guitar, and flutes. Even the Chinese, the most fastidious connoisseurs of culture, were impressed by the grace of Uihur society." (pp.42-43)

Bernbaum's [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] is an excellent resource and a likely backgrounder for Pynchon when writing about Shambhala in ''Against the Day''.

'''Urumchi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi Urumchi] or Ürümqi, is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. With a population of 2.1 million (75% are Han Chinese) and located in the northwest of the country, it is the largest city in the western half of China. Ürümqi is the most remote city from any sea in the world at a distance of about 1,400 miles from the nearest coastline.

'''lowlands of Dzungaria''' 
A region of 300,000 sq mi in Xinjiang, NW China. It is a largely steppe and semidesert basin surrounded by high mountains: the Tian Shan in the south and the Altai in the north. Urumchi and Yining are the main cities with other smaller oasis towns dot the piedmont areas. The region passed to the Chinese only in the mid-18th century.

==Page 773==

'''Lake Zaisan''' 
Lake Zaisan, in Russian Central Asia near the Chinese border, is located in an open valley between the Altai range on the northeast and the Tarbagatai on the south at an altitude of 1,355 ft.

'''The Irtysh . . . the Ob''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irtysh_River The Irtysh] is the chief tributary of the Ob which is a major river in western Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob_river The Ob] is Russia's fourth longest river. The Ob-Irtysh form a major basin in Asia, encompassing most of western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.

'''Novosibirsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk Novosibirsk] lies along the Ob river in the West Siberian Plain. It is Russia's 3rd largest city, after Moscow and St.Petersubrg. It was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the Ob. In early 20th century the Turkestan-Siberia Railway, connecting Novosibirsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea, was completed.

'''The Paris of Siberia''' 
By 1900 Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 763: Irkutsk]]) had been nicknamed as such.

'''''kupechestvo''''' 
Russian: the merchant community.

'''Glaskovsk''' 
A suburb in Irkutsk across the Irkut river.

==Page 774==

'''Club Golomyanka''' 
A golomyanka is a viviparous fish of the perch family, unique to Lake Baikal.

'''NAUSHNIKI''' 
As translated in the text.

'''1895 model Nagant revolver''' 
[http://world.guns.ru/handguns/hg102-e.htm Nagant revolver] was designed in Belgium by Nagant brothers in the late 1880s and was adopted by numerous countries. The major user and manufacturer was Russia which adopted it in 1895.

'''British gold sovereigns''' 
The world's most popular gold coins, [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/firstsovereign.html British gold sovereign] first came to existence in 1489 under Henry VII. There was a major change in 1816 for the so-called Modern Soverign which are continure to the present day. It has a value of one pound sterling (but with a much higher trading market value) and is made of 15.55 grams of standard gold coinage alloy of 23 carat, equal to 95.83% pure gold. (Another source [http://www.onlygold.com/Coins/BritishSovereignsFullScreen.asp British gold sovereigns2] said they have a 91.7% gold.)

==Page 775==

'''Tower Hill''' 
[http://www.royalmint.com/RoyalMint/web/site/Corporate/AboutUs/History/TowerHill.asp The Royal Mint at Tower Hill], London, between 1812-1968. Now the Royal mint is at Liantrisant (10 miles west of Cardiff), Wales.

'''Young Vic''' 
Image of young Queen Victoria on the British sovereign (1 pound) piece. The first portrait for Queen Victoria was the "Youg Head", which was used on sovereigns from 1838 to 1887 inclusive. For a picture for this coin see [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/heads.html Victoria Young Head]. 
Contrast with [http://www.rvhf.org/history.html Old Vic,] the theater, originally the Royal Coburg, renamed Royal Victoria in 1833—when Vic was Young. The name Old Vic "eventually" became customary and is now official. This is the house that Kevin Spacey runs.

'''Upper Tunguska, Stony Tunguska, Lower Tunguska''' 
They are the three eastern tributaries of the Yenisei River in Siberia. They cut across the swampy forests of east-central Siberia, draining the Tunguska Basin. Furthest north is the Lower Tunguska (1,590 mile long). The Stony Tunguska (980 mile long) rises west of the headwaters of the Lower Tunguska. The Upper Tunguska is the name given to the lower course of the Angara and it joins the Yenisei at Strelka. The area of the three rivers is the home of the Tungus. ([http://www.bartelby.com/65/tu/Tunguska.html Tunguska]).

'''the Ilimpiya''' 
Presumably the Ilimpeya River, a left-bank tributary of the Lower Tunguska, is named for them.

:It refers to the Tungus people from the Ilimpiya river.

'''the Shanyagir''' 
A clan of the Tungus people who lives along the Stony Tunguska.

'''Magyakan''' 
Shaman of the Ilimpiya clan, also spelled Magankan. His greatest feat was summoning a huge flock of ''agdi'', the birds made of iron that produce the thunder, for the explosion over the land of the Shanyagir clan. It flattened nearly a thousand square miles of forest and started a fire that burned for weeks, sending ash so high that it circled the Northern Hemisphere, making sunsets bright. See [http://www.answers.com/topic/shaman shaman].

'''''siberyaki''''' 
Standard spelling ''sibiryaki.'' Russian: Siberians.

'''Bratsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratsk Bratsk], located on the Angara River near the vast Bratsk Reservoir, is a city in Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russia.

'''Yeniseisk''' 
[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Yeniseisk,_Siberia_(Capital) Yeniseisk], on the right bank of the Yenisei, is a Siberian city 170 miles northwest of Krasnoyarsk, capital of the government of the same name.

'''embouchure''' 
French word denoting the conformation of the mouth (in speaking, playing the clarinet, etc.).

==Page 776==

'''Dorzhieff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agvan_Dorjiev Agvan Dorjiev] (1853/54–1938) was an ethnic Buriat who trained as a Buddhist monk in Tibet.He was one of the tutors of the 13th Dalai Lama and was his representative at the Russian court. He played a great role in the international political life, establishing various relations between Tibet and Russia. The British believed that Dorjiev had created the Shambala Russian myth. Ekai Kawaguchi, a Buddhist monk from Japan who visited Tibet at the turn of the 20th century, claimed to have heard of a pamphlet in which Dorjiev wrote “Shambhala was Russia. The Emperor, moreover, was an incarnation of Tsongkhapa, and would sooner or later subdue the whole world and found a gigantic Buddhist empire”. The religiously-based purpose of Agvan Dorjiev was the foundation of a Lamaist-oriented kingdom of the Tibetans and Mongols as a theocracy under the Dalai Lama ... [and] under the protection of Tsarist Russia ... In addition, among the Lamaists there existed the religiously grounded hope for help from a ‘Messianic Kingdom’ in the North ... called 'Northern Shambhala’. At the center of Dorjiev’s activities in Russia stood the construction of a three-dimensional mandala — the Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg. Regarding the décor, it is perhaps also of interest that there was a swastika motif which the Bolsheviks knocked out during the Second World War. Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg there was sufficient room for several lamas, who looked after the ritual life, to live on the grounds. Dorjiev had originally intended to triple the staffing and to construct not just a temple but also a whole monastery. This was prevented, however, by the intervention of the Russian Orthodox Church . Officially, the buddhist shrine was declared to be a place for the needs of the Buriat, Tuva, mongol ,and Kalmyk minorities in the capital. With regard to its occult functions it was a tantric mandala with which the Kalachakra system was to be transplanted into the West. From the lamas’ traditional point of view, founding a temple is seen as an act of spiritual occupation of a territory. Such sacred buildings as the Kalachakra temple in St. Petersburg are cosmograms which are employed by the lamas as magic seals in order to spiritually subjugate countries and peoples.

'''taiga''' 
Coniferous boreal forest; supports logging, trapping, hunting/gathering.

'''iron creatures of Agdy . . . their eyes flashing . . .''' 
"The Tungus have only one expression for the thunder - ''agdy''-, by which they also describe the old man, the lord of the thunder as well as all the thunderbirds that come down to earth and cause the thunder. The ''Agdy'' birds are as big as black grouses, are made of iron, and their eyes are fiery. The thunder arises from their flight above the earth and their eyes flash like lightning." (from a quotation in [http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/evenkiv.html Tungus eye-witnesses reports of Tunguska Event]).

'''Hindu fire-god Agni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agni Fire-god Agni] is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word ''Agni'' is Sanskrit for "fire". Agni is a messenger from and to the other gods. He is ever-young and immortal, because the fire is re-lit every day.

'''Ogdai Khan''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_765|page 765: Ogdai]].

==Page 777==

'''The Church of England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England The Church of England] is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the "mother" and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.

'''Shamanism''' 
Decentralized religion. The village shaman engaged in spirit travel and communicated with animals, ancestors, etc., for the benefit of the people, often using bizarrely excessive amounts of drugs.

'''The Cherokee''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee The Cherokee] are a people indigenous to North American, who at the time of European contact in the 16th century inhabited what is now the Eastern and Southeastern United States. Most were forcibly moved westward to the Ozark Plateua. They were one of the tribes referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes.

'''the Apache''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache The Apache] is the collective name for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the US. They formerly lived over eastern Arizona, north-western Mexico, New Mexico, parts of Texas.

'''the massacre of the Sioux Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee''' 
They were the largest and most important Indian tribe north of Mexico, with the exception of Chippewa, who, however, lack the solidarity of the Sioux. [http://www.indians.org/articles/sioux-indians.html The Sioux] actually came to North America from Asia about 30,000 years ago. The name Sioux means "little snake". They were generally nomadic, typically followed the pattern of the buffalo. [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/sioux-indians/sioux-indians.htm The Sioux Indians] occupied the vast domain extending from the Arkansas River, in the south, to the western tributary of Lake Winnipeg, in the north, and westward to the eastern slopes of the Rocky. The Sioux battled the white men and fought against the government in orer to keep their land. There was a general uprising in 1862. Later there were many more fierce armed conflicts involved the Sioux. One of the better known was ''The Battle of Little Big Horn'' on June 25, 1876, in which General Custer and all of his immediate command were killed. This was one of the most significant victories, led by [http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/bigfoor.htm Sitting Bull] (1831-1890), of the Indian Nations. 
A new Indian's religion that promised to rid the land of white people and restore the Indians' way of life evolved in 1880s-1890s as a reaction to the Indians being forced to submit to government authority and reservation life. The new religion was called [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost.html the Ghost Dance] by the white because of its ceremonial ritual dance and its precepts of resurrection and reunion with the dead. The Sioux were the most enthusiastic believers. But the Bureau of Indian Affairs banned the Ghost Dance feared that the swelling numbers of Ghost Dancers and believed that the ritual was a precusor to renwered Indian militancy and violent rebellion. The confrontation led to [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKmscr.html The Wounded Knee Massacre] on December 29, 1890 in which over 350 Ghost Dancers were slained. And this was the last major armed conflict between the Indian Nations and the US Government.

==Page 779==

'''A heavenwide blast of light''' 
It refers to the greatest cosmic impact of the century, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event the Tunguska Event], happened at 7:17 A.M. on June 30, 1908 near the Stony Tunguska River at Tunguska basin in central Siberia, Russia. With no warning, a small comet or meteor about 100 ft in diameter, coming from the direction of Western China and glowing with the heat of 5,000 degrees, hurtling through space about 3-6 miles above the Earth and exploded in the sky 40 miles north of Vanavara settlement by the Stony Tunguska. It was so powerful that the seismograph at Irkutsk, some 550 miles away, registered what looked like an earthquake. The impact had a force of 20 million tons of TNT, equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima bombs. It is estimated that 60-80 million trees were felled over an area of 830 square miless but left no obvious crater. If the explosion had occurred over St Petersburg hundreds of thousands of people would have been killed. But the Event occurred at such a remote and isolated location that no scientist bothered to investigate the "rumors" of the event for 13 years. (See also [http://www.unmuseum.org/siberia.htm Tunguska Event from UnMuseum].)
:Check your TV schedule for a History Channel special, ''Siberian Apocalypse,'' which presents old movie footage of Soviet explorations (my guess: re-enacted in the 1930s) and analyses by present-day scientists and UFOlogists, along with the usual Slo-Mo Channel animations repeated ad nauseam. The program ran on March 18, 2007. The best current information, according to a team from the University of Bologna, points to a stony asteroid (a "carbonaceous chondrite") that disintegrated some miles above the surface, leaving no fragments to be found but loading the local vegetation with elements not typical of the taiga.
:Two of the stranger hypotheses about the Event have special ''AtD'' connections. (1) The cosmic object was a chunk of antimatter, and the energy it released was due to annihilation when it came into contact with terrestrial matter (air). This would make the object, in a sense, [[ATD_57-80#Page_78|the Anti-Stone (p. 78).]] (2) The Event was the explosion produced by dissipation of a huge [[ATD_57-80#Page_73|ball lightning (p. 73).]] Both these notions are pretty remote, though, and the stony asteroid holds up better.

'''poods''' 
Russian measure of weight. One pood = 16.38 kilograms; 30 poods = 491 kg = 1081 pounds, pretty close to half a ton.

'''''ekipazh''''' 
Russian: crew, team.

'''''Právil'no''''' 
Russian: all ''right!''

'''Russian design philosophy''' 
. . . which is perpetuated in Soviet and Russian space technology.

'''Razvedka''' 
Russian: intelligence (in the military-political sense).

'''pogroms''' 
Terror campaigns, usually against Jews.

==Page 780==

'''Ofitser Nauchny''' 
Russian: science officer.

'''this Event''' 
The Tunguska Event. Cf 779: A heavenside blast of light.

'''''umnik''''' 
Russian: clever man.

'''General Sukhomlinoff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Sukhomlinov Vladimir Alexandrovich Sukhomlinoff] (1848-1926), Russian cavalry officer, Chief of General Staff 1908-9, Minister of War 1909-15, imprisoned 1917-18 for failure to prepare the Russian Army for World War, emigrated to Finland and then to Germany.

'''''Zi!''''' 
Might be an error. "Wait" in the imperative mode is ''zhdi'' or ''podozhdi'' in Russian.

'''butterfly . . . angel''' 
The description of the damage pattern is accurate; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event.]

==Page 781==

'''''zastolye''''' 
Russian: group of regulars.

'''''Khuy''''' 
Impolite Russian: cock!

'''Bezumyoff''' 
The name derives from Russian ''bezumets'': madman.

'''''vseznaǐka''''' 
Russian: as translated in text. In keeping with the sources he must have used—many of them contemporary—Pynchon applies a bewildering assortment of rules in transliterating Russian words.

'''"potentially a hole in the earth"''' 
One of the theories regarding the real Tungaska Event is that a small black hole entered the earth. Flaw in theory: an exit has never been found. See Wikipedia ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''. . . ''at any moment'', directly beneath St Petersburg . . .''' 
"According to the Guinness Book of World Records (1966 edition), if the collision had occurred 4 hours 47 minutes later, it would have wiped out St. Petersburg, the starting point of the Bolshevik revolution." See (Wikipedia article, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''Tsarskoe Selo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarskoe_Selo Tsarskoe Selo], ''Tsar's Village'', was the "country" home of the Russian Tsars. It is now part of the town of Pushkin about 15 miles south from the center of St.Petersburg.

==Page 782==

'''...to reaffrm allegiance to its limits, including mortality...''' 
That is, to reaffirm the allegiance of the inhabitants of this world to the "something's" limits, remind Man of mortality and transcendent laws and limits.

'''''Nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing.

'''Vanavara''' 
[http://www.evenkya.ru/eng/?id=obsh&sid=admterdel&ssid=41 Vanavara] is the adminstrative center, a settlement with a population of 3,000, of Tungusko-Chunsky region. It is situated on the right bank of the Stony Tunguska river. Vanavara was 40 miles south of the Tunguska Event blast center.

'''Transfinitum''' 
Cantor's mathematical concept of transfinite numbers, indefinitely large but distinct from one another.

==Page 783==

'''''dungur''''' 
A ''dungur'' is a shamanic drum.

'''homeopathic echoes to protect from its return''' 
The homeopathic principle is that small doses of what kills will cure or prevent; drumming prevents return of the huge sound.

==Page 784==

'''Raskol'niki''' 
Russian: schismatics, dissenters. Raskol'nikov in ''Crime and Punishment'' derives his name from this word.

'''Tchernobyl . . . Wormwood''' 
Now rendered more commonly as Chernobyl (Russian), Chornobyl (Ukrainian). 
Wormwood, a star that falls onto the Earth poisoning the fresh water sources per Book of Revelation 8:10-11. 
Dostoyevsky explores Tchenobyl/Wormwood, the meaning of the Book of Revelation in ''The Idiot.''

'''Reindeer discovered again their ancient powers of flight, which had lapsed over the centuries since humans had invaded the North. Some were stimulated by the accompanying radiation into an epidermal luminescence at the red end of the spectrum, particularly around the nasal area.''' 
In other words, Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer and his airborne squadron mates. Seriously: magic and the possibility of change is reintroduced into the world.

'''heat . . . tended to flow unpredictably''' 
The Laws of Thermodynamics have taken a brief holiday.

'''Old Slavonic''' 
Or Old Church Slavonic; liturgical language of Russian Orthodox Church, closely related to Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Serbian (Tesla's father was a Serbian priest who worked in this language).

==Page 785==

'''''izba''''' 
Russian: hut.

'''Ssagan''' 
In Burkhanism, a Russian religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region between 1904 and the 1930s, Ak-Burkhan ("White Burkhan) is a deity who is depicted as an old man with white hair, a white coat, and white headgear, who rides a white horse, and is possibly analogous to the Mongolian "white old man," Tsagan Ebugen. The Buryat language (or Buriat) is a Mongolic language spoken by the Buryats of Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism]

Sacred white reindeer parallels Native American's reverence for white buffalos.

==Page 786==

'''the Sayan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayan_Mountains The Sayan] is a mountain range in southern Siberia. The eastern Sauan extends 600 miles from the Yenisei to the southwest end of Lake Baikal, and the western Sayan forms the eastern continuation of the Altay Mountains.

'''Tannu-Ola''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannu-Ola_Mountains The Tannu-Ola] mountain range is in southern Siberia extending east-west direction and curves along the Mongolian border.

'''Tuva''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuva Tuva] is located in extreme southern Siberia bordering with Mongolia. Its eastern part is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland.

'''if a fellow was going to come riding in anywhere on a white reindeer''' 
Suggestive of Jesus riding an ass into Jerusalem

'''an unearthly guttural singing''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtone_singing Overtone singing], also known as throat singing, overtone chanting, or harmonic singing, is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances created as air travels from the lungs... The best-known of the traditional forms comes from Tuva... Ethnomusicologists studying throat singing in these areas mark (it) as an integral part in the ancient pastoral animism that is still practised today. (Wikipedia) 
It is unearthly and fascinating. Tuvan throat singing can be seen and heard in the movie "Genghis Blues," a documentary about American musician Paul Pena's trip to Tuva to compete in a throat singing contest.
:In the early 1970s the German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen got some students together and made a one-piece album called ''Stimmung'' (German: tuning up). It's '''choral''' overtone singing. "Unearthly" is right.

'''"borbanngadyr"''' 
throat singing..like a flute: from the context.

'''"the heart of Earth" 
'''"all's I see's a bunch of sheep" 
'''"Exactly." 
This is Shambhala. Sheep may safely graze.

==Page 787==

'''the Wheel of Life''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavacakra The Wheel of Life] is a complex symbolic representation of "continuous movement" in the form of a circle, used primarily in Tibetan Buddhism. "Continuous movement", ''samsāra'', is the continuous cycle of birth, life, and death from which one liberates oneself through enlightenment.

'''"Are you kind deities? or wrathful deities?"''' 
Here the interaction between Prance and the Chums of Chance resembles that between Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, and Dorothy Gale in the 1939 film [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 The Wizard of Oz.] After descending from the sky in a pink bubble and encountering Dorothy in Munchkinland, Glinda asks "Are you a good witch or a bad witch?" Dorothy replies that she's not a witch at all, just as Randolph St. Cosmo replies that the Chums "endeavor to be kind." Darby's reference to Bo Peep seems Munchkinlandian too, as Glinda is a sort of shepherd to the Munchkins themselves. --[[User:Jpicco|Jpicco]]

'''"Bo Peep" 
she who has lost her sheep, as in the rhyme.

'''"Never work,", muttered Darby. "They'll squash you like bugs." 
Darby, now a lawyer, now cynical, presents the archetypal response to
Prance's visiting " deities" as in classic sci-fi books and movies.

'''the Tengyur''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_766|page 766: Tengyur]].

==Page 788==

'''band of''' '''''brodyagi''''' 
This entire passage is a reference to ''Don Quixote'', namely the incident with Gines de Pasamonte and the galley slaves. In ''Don Quixote'', Gines acts as a metafictional representation of Cervantes, as well as a symbol of the author/writer. Here, Topor acts as Gines, representing TRP (notice the name similarity). The hallucinogenic mushrooms represent the ''Quixote''--with a two part narrative, the first pleasant and wonderous, the second full of horrors--as well as AtD and novels, generally. The urine-drinking seems to be a crack at literary critics and literature fans who write about books and read what others write--essentially, drinking each other's urine: the after-products of the consumption of books. --[[User:Specklebelly|Specklebelly]]

'''''brodyagi''''' 
Russian: tramps.

'''"Topor"''' 
Russian: The Ax.

'''fusel oils''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_756|page 756: fusel oils]]. 
Toxic byproducts of fermentation, sometimes still present in bad liquor.

'''strange mottled red mushrooms''' 
''Amanita muscaria'', an hallucinogenic mushroom. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_muscaria Wikipedia entry].

'''drank one another's urine''' 
Shamanistic practice also observed in some "mystery" religions. The person who ingests the drug partly metabolizes it and excretes it; followers can get a, hrmm, watered-down dose by drinking his urine.

==Page 789==

'''''brodyagi''''' 
See page 788.

'''Christian propaganda mill down south''' 
A college?

'''Pacific Coast League''' 
Minor league (Triple-A) baseball league that at the time was the only professional baseball league west of St. Louis. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League Wikipedia entry].

Perhaps Colfax Vibe has become Sandy Koufax, pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1960's.

'''barmaid from Oakland''' 
Oakland has a Pacific Coast Brewing Company with some very sweet barmaids.

==Page 790==

'''the wilderness Creature that feeds on all other creatures . . .''' 
Described by Captain Padzhitnoff on p.124

'''Krasnoyarsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk], the third largest city in Siberia, is on the Yenisei River upstream of Yeniseisk. It is an important junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway.

'''arival''' 
Misspelling of ''arrival.''

'''remittance man''' 
A man living on remittances, i.e. family funds from home, a trust fund, etc. It is also time to note that a Fleetwood is a model of Cadillac.

==Page 791==

'''the Vormance people''' 
The Vormance polar expedition was mentioned on page 130 and elsewhere.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

G

2007-06-18T06:09:10Z

Cal: The Great Game Renewed

'''Gabika''' 
803; works in dress shop with Yashmeen;

'''Gabrovo Slim''' 
845; "noodle-thin and mournful Bulgarian"; at wedding, 947;

'''Gage, Lyman Judson (1836-1927)''' 
307; "that old Gold Standard hand and bank president"; Gage was president of the First National Bank of Chicago; in 1892, he was chosen president of the board of directors of the World's Columbian Exposition, the successful financing of which was due more to him than to any other man. As Secretary of the Treasury under President Grover Cleveland, Gage was influential in securing passage of the Gold Standard Act of March 14, 1900, which reestablished a currency backed solely by gold; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman_J._Gage Wikipedia entry]

'''Galandronome''' 
374; a type of bassoon developed by French instrument maker Galander in the mid-19th century;

'''Galois, Evariste''' 
601;

'''Gallows Frame''' 
"Gallows Frame Saloon," in Telluride, 302; "broken gallow-frames," 391;
:The Gallows Frame is the structural frame, usually made of steel or timber, at the top of an underground mine shaft. These frames hold the hoisting equipment which raise and lower equipment and miners into the underground mine.

'''Gamomania''' 
432; "the abnormal desire to be married"

[[image:balloons-paris.jpg|thumb|Garçons de '71|right]]'''Garçons de '71''' 
19; French: The Boys of '71; annual convention in Paris, 1083; During the Siege of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871, balloons were manufactured within railroad stations in Paris. The balloons were used to get mail and passengers out of Paris. [[Garçons de '71|Read on...]]

'''Gas Office''' 
607

'''Gaspereaux, Stilton''' 
436; civilian passenger on ''Saksaul''; in London, 445;

'''Gatlin, Reverend Moss''' 
49; Anarchist preacher; "we are Stripes and Solids on the pool table of earthly existence" 86; The New York Times, commenting on the Haymarket Square riots in Chicago in 1886, offered the following solution to the anarchist threat, “In the early stages of an acute outbreak of anarchy a Gatling gun, or if the case be severe, two, is the sovereign remedy"; in Denver with his "Anarchist Heaven" car, 465; at tent city in Ludlow, Colorado, 1009;

'''Gatling''' 
754; The Gatling gun is a gunpowder field weapon invented in the 1860s which used multiple rotating barrels turned by a hand crank. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatling_gun Wikipedia]

[[image:Gauss-Weber_Statue.jpg|thumb|Gauss & Weber Statue]]'''Gauss''' 
498; 588; statue of Gauss and Weber, 594;

'''gaver du visage''' 
225; French for something like "stuff your face", appropriately enough for a "form of gluttony"

'''Geheimrat''' 
603; title of the highest officials of a German royal or principal court. It has its roots in 17th century Europe when governmental administration was established. The English language equivalent is Privy Councillor. The title disappeared after the destruction of the German Empire in 1918, when the various royal courts in Germany were replaced by the Weimar Republic.

'''gematria''' 
799; Gematria (Heb. גימטריה, from the Greek γεωμετρία) is numerology of the Hebrew language and Hebrew alphabet, and is used by its proponents to derive meaning or relative relationship. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gematria Wikipedia]

'''Gennady''' 
780; "the ''umnik'' of [Padzy's] crew";

'''Gennaro''' 
846: an Exarch; bartender at the L'Espagnol Clignant in Nice; an Exarch, according to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exarch Wikipedia]: "In the Eastern Christian Churches (Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic), the term exarch has two distinct uses: the deputy of a patriarch, or a bishop who holds authority over other bishops without being a patriarch (thus, a position between that of patriarch and metropolitan); or, a bishop appointed over a group of the faithful not yet large enough or organized enough to be constituted an eparchy/diocese (thus the equivalent of a vicar apostolic)."

'''Gentleman Bomber of Headingly''' 
236; cricket-ball bombs; 241; 605; 690; spotted at Fenner's cricket ground, 691;
:Possibly a nod to "The Girl Who Was Death," a particularly hallucinogenic episode of the late 60s cult TV series, ''The Prisoner'', which begins with a cricket-playing colonel being blown up by a cricket ball bomb.

'''Gerasimoff, Dr. (Ofitser Nauchny)''' 
258; Chick Counterfly's "opposite number"; w/Padzy, 780;

'''Gerhardt''' 
517; Austrian Chief Stoker aboard ''Stupendica'', ''Herr Hauptheitzer''; in Swiss Alps, drilling, 655;

'''German Sea, The''' 
489; 504;

'''Geronimo''' 
195;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo Wikipedia entry]

'''Gevaert, Edouard''' 
558; sells Q-98 to Woevre; "unworldly go-between," 559; [[Q-weapon and Photography|Connections...]]

[[image:dirhan.jpg|thumb|Afghani dirham|right]]'''Ghaznivid Empire''' 
596; Sunni Muslim state in Khorasan in modern day Afghanistan that existed from 962 to 1187. It was created by Alp Tigin, a former Turkic slave general, with the city Ghazna (Ghazni) as capital, replacing the ruling Samanids; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavid_Empire Wikipedia entry]

'''Ghloix, Dr. Otto''' 
132; "Expedition alienist"; "psychomedical officer" 143; visiting alienist from Switzerland, 686; Lew's alienist, 1041 (originally a 19th century term for a psychiatrist, the term "alientist" is still used in psychiatric hospitals to describe those mental health professionals who evaluate defendants to determine their competency to stand trial.);

'''Ghosts''' 
132; Icelanders long tradition of, 133; "bad ice, blizzards, malevolent ghosts," 151; 218; Victoria's "ghostly stand-in," 231; "ghost-light," 306; 373; 375; "haunted," 384;

'''Giambolognese, Signora''' 
865; Venetian resident at ''pensione'' in Santa Croce;

'''Giant-Wheel''' 
699; The Giant Wheel in the Prater is an important Viennese landmark, providing a view over the city. The wheel was the brain child of Gabor Steiner (1858-1944) and was built in 1896 by the English engineer Walter B. Basset, who produced similar designs in London and Paris. It was erected in the record time of eight months and was operated for the first time on June 21 1897; [http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm More on this website]

'''Gibbs, Professor Willard''' 
29; 158; 318-19; 532-3; 793; Gibbsian, 526; 532; Josiah Willard Gibbs was arguably the greatest American scientist of the 19th century, bringing the power of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics to what had been cookbook and rule-of-thumb chemistry. He demonstrated and extended the value of modeling in "phase space," a graph in which each physical state of a system is represented by a point representing pressure, volume, temperature, etc. ("water in all its phases," 368)
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Gibbs Wikipedia entry]

'''Gibson Girls''' 
409; The Gibson Girl was the personification of the feminine ideal as portrayed in the satirical pen and ink illustrated stories created by illustrator Charles Dana Gibson during over 15 years spanning the late nineteenth and early twentieth century; 512; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibson_Girl Wikipedia entry]

'''''Gift to Young Housewives, A''''' 
754; cookbook by Russian Yelena Ivanovna (aka Elena N.) Molokhovets; Banned in Molokhovets's native country since the Russian Revolution, this gastronomic standard for pre-Revolutionary upper- and middle-class Russian households contains recipes for such old standards as cabbage with butter and crumbs, potato pudding, Beef Stroganov, babas, piroq, and pashka. Little is known about Molokhovets' life. Born in 1831 into a military family in the far northern city of Arkhangelsk, she received a good education at a school run by the Imperial Educational Society for Noble Girls. With her husband, an architect, she had ten children. He seems to have been an enlightened spouse who was supportive of her writing. Molokhovets' old age coincided with the turmoil surrounding the 1917 Russian Revolution. She died in St. Petersburg in 1918. Her cookbook, however, lives on. A Gift to Young Housewives went through 29 editions before being deemed too bourgeois for publication under the Soviet regime.

'''Gigg, Jack''' 
99; Kit Traverse's sidekick

'''Gilmore, Mr.''' 
187; conductor in New Mexico

'''Ginger''' 
1076; Stray's daughter

'''Ginnungagap''' 
127; "the lightless abyss"; Ginnungagap ("seeming emptiness"), in the cosmology of Norse mythology, is the primordial void separating Niflheim and Muspell, the land of eternal ice and snow and the land of eternal heat and flame; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginnungagap Wikipedia entry]

'''Girtonian''' 
492; 498; Of or pertaining to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girton_College%2C_Cambridge Girton College].

'''Giuseppina''' 
246; waitress at ''Osteria'' in San Polo

'''Glagolitic''' 
252; The Glagolitic alphabet was invented during the 9th century by the missionaries St Cyril (827-869 AD) and St Methodius (826-885 AD) in order to translate the bible and other religious works into the language of the Great Moravia region. They probably modelled Glagolitic on a cursive form of the Greek alphabet, and based their translations on a Slavic dialect of the Thessalonika area, which formed the basis of the literary standard known as Old Church Slavonic; 799; [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/glagolitic.htm More from this website]

'''God''' "
87; "God's ledger; "God-possesed fugitives," 127; "God dwells in His Heavenly City," 131; rocks as "post-godhead" 209; under God's wing, 211; ''shin'', 237; 534;

'''Gold Standard''' 
89; The "gold standard" is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is a fixed weight of gold; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_standard Wikipedia entry]

'''Golden Age''' 
561;

'''Gomez, Che''' 
987; "mayor and ''jefe politico'' of Juchitán"

'''Gomez, Eusebio''' 
373; "acting as a subagent" in Mexico, 640; aka Wolfe Tone O'Reilly, 641;

'''Gonzales, General''' 
985; his suicide after Frank Traverse's ''máquina loca'';

'''Gordon, Charles George (1833-1885)''' 
240; known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British army officer and administrator. He is remembered for his exploits in China and northern Africa. Gordon was killed in Khartoum while defending it against the uprising led by Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed who decapitated Gordon and displayed his head on a spear; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_George_Gordon Wikipedia entry]

'''Göttingen''' 
226; Werfner at Göttingen; 594; during war with Prussia

'''Gottlob''' 
588; at Göttingen;

'''Grace'''
70; 213; 374; Angela Grace, 399-402; and anti-Grace, 895;

'''Grace, Angela''' 
399-402; songstress at Lollypop Lounge who's "ten summers old";

'''Grace, Dr.''' 
577; appeared to Hunter in a dream, "the mass-grave-to-be of Europe";

'''Gradenigo, Doge Pietro''' 
247; 880;

<div id="grandcohen">'''Grand Cohen'''</div>
499; A cohen, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohen Kohen], is a member of the Jewish priestly class; 720;

'''Grand Guignol''' 
1066; The Grand Guignol (pronounced [gʁɑ̃ giɲɔl]) was a theatre (Le Théâtre du Grand-Guignol) in the Pigalle area of Paris (at 20 bis, rue Chaptal), which, from its opening in 1897 to its closing in 1962, specialized in naturalistic horror shows. The name is often used as a general term for graphic, amoral horror entertainment. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Guignol Wikipedia]

'''Grand Hotel de la Nouvelle Digue''' 
526; in Ostend, Belgium; 531;

'''Granitza''' 
326; small town "above Adriatic Coast in the Velebit range"

'''grapnel''' 
13; a tool consisting of several hooks for grasping and holding; often thrown with a rope

'''Grassmann, Hermann (1809-1877)''' 
324; German polymath, renowned in his day as a linguist and now admired as a mathematician. He was also a physicist, neohumanist, all-round scholar, and publisher; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_grassmann Wikipedia entry]; Grassmann's 1862 ''Ausdehnungslehre'' (literally, "Theory of Extension") is one of the great mathematical works of the nineteenth century. In it the foundations of linear and multilinear algebra are laid and much of the superstructure too is constructed. It is regrettable that such a book on such a subject should, from the moment of publication, have been not much read. Indeed, Grassmann's reputation for impenetrability has persisted to this day; 535; [http://www.maths.utas.edu.au/People/dfs/Papers/GrassmannTranslation/node3.html More about ''Ausdehnungslehre'' here]

<div id="gravity">'''Gravity'''</div>
"The soles of Lew's feet began to ache, as if wanting to be taken all the way to the center of the Earth," 41; "a secret imperative, like the force of gravity," 80; Time vulnerable to, 457;

'''Great Airships of 1896 and '7''' 
454; On November 17, 1896 in Sacramento, California, there appeared, on a rainy night, a bright light. It moved slowly west appearing to be about a thousand feet above the rooftops. Hundreds of people saw the light including George Scott, an assistant to the Secretary of State of California. Scott persuaded some friends to join him on the observation deck above the capitol dome and from there they thought they could see three lights, not one. Above the lights was a dark, oblong shape. In 1897 there were many sightings of great airships from California to
Texas, however the airplane would not be invented for another 6 years,
and neither had large dirigibles or blimps yet been flown. In Aurora,
Texas one such ship supposedly crashed into a windmill or tower and exploded. [http://ufocasebook.com/Aurora.html Read more about the 1897 incident] and [http://www.unmuseum.org/airship.htm the Mysterious Airship of 1896]

'''Great Game''' 
"BOL'SHAIA IGRA, or, The Great Game,'" 123; 227; reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling Kipling's] poem ''Kim'', 756; 772;

:The Great Game, a term usually attributed to Arthur Conolly, was used to describe the rivalry and strategic conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia. The term was later popularized by British novelist Rudyard Kipling in his work ''Kim''. The classic Great Game period is generally regarded as running from approximately 1813 to the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907. Following the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 a second, less intensive phase followed. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Game Wikipedia]

The Wikipedia article has a very interesting section titled "The Great Game Renewed"
:With the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the Cold War, the United States displaced Britain as the global power, asserting its influence in the Middle East in pursuit of oil, containment of the Soviet Union, and access to other resources. This period is sometimes referred to as "The New Great Game" by commentators, and there are references in the military, security and diplomatic communities to "The Great Game" as an analogy or framework for events involving India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and more recently, the post-Soviet republics of Central Asia.
Obviously, we should add Iraq to that list. The parallels are obvious, as is the failure to learn from history or past mistakes.

'''Great Wife Bazaar of the World-Island''' 
432;

'''Gretchen''' 
640; Günther's date at Steve/Ramón's ("the restless Valkyrie")

'''Grey''' 
809; politician

'''Grimsford, Wes''' 
211; marshal of Jeshimon

'''Griswold, Uncle''' 
497; Cyprian's corrupting sodomite uncle

'''Grossmith, George''' 
494; at Cambridge

'''groundhogs''' 
1021; aka people

'''growler''' 
226; An old-fashioned siren, the kind that takes awhile to start. By extension, a police car carrying such a siren.

'''Groznyi''' 
441;

'''Grundy, Mrs.''' 
400; Mrs Grundy is the personification of the tyranny of conventional propriety (from Thomas Morton's play ''Speed the Plough'', which appeared in 1798), a person who is too much concerned with being proper, modest, or righteous; 427;

'''Gruntling''' 
944; accountant in Prof. Sleepcoat's party

'''Guanajuato''' 
127; Iceland Spar mined in, 306; Frank Traverse and Ewball in, 376;

'''Guitry, Sacha''' 
1066; "J'ai Deux Amants" (French: "I Have Two Lovers" a recording by Yvonne Printemps, written by Sacha Guitry and Andre Messager [[J'ai Deux Amants - I Have Two Lovers|Lyrics +]]. The composer [[H#hahn|Reynaldo Hahn]] (see also ''ATD'' at [[ATD 1063-1085#Page_1065|page 1065]]) wrote the music for his operetta ''Mozart'' (1925).

'''guncotton''' 
27; guncotton is Nitrocellulose (Cellulose nitrate) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose (e.g. through exposure to nitric acid or powerful nitrating agent), used in explosives

'''gutta-percha''' 
603; Gutta-percha (Palaquium) is genus of tropical trees native to southeast Asia and northern Australasia, from Taiwan south to Malaya and east to the Solomon Islands. It is also an inelastic natural latex produced from the sap of these trees, particularly from the species Palaquium gutta. Chemically, gutta-percha is a polyterpene, a polymer of isoprene (trans-1,4-polyisoprene);[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutta-percha]. It was often used an early insulating material on telegraphs and other electrical equipment. 611;

'''gynecophobia''' 
501; fear of women

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

ATD 919-945

2007-06-18T05:41:06Z

Cal: /* Page 935 */ "map" to current events

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 919==

'''Holy Week''' 
Holy Week is the last week of Lent, the week immediately preceding Easter Sunday.

'''Madero's force at Casas Grandes''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_I._Madero Francisco Madero] (1873-1913) was a Mexico's liberal political leader. He denounced President Porfirio Diaz and headed an armed revolt to overthrow Diaz's idctatorship in November, 1910. In a span of six months, Madero was successful and Diaz was forced to resign and fled to France in exile, while Madero was elected president in November, 1911. In 1913, Madero was overthrown by his own general, Victoriano Huerta, and murdered. 
On March 5, 1911, during the Mexican Revolution, Madero led his forces to attack in Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, but was defeated.

'''the recent battle''' 
Battle of Casas Grandes, March 5, 1911, defeat for Madero's army in the Mexican Revolution; the action of this chapter begins a few days later.

'''''novio''''' 
Spanish: boyfriend.

'''something like a city after dark''' 
Like the White City, which he never saw.

==Page 920==

'''''¿qué tal, amigo?''''' 
Spanish: What's up, my friend?

'''''brujo''''' 
Spanish: wizard.

'''''¿verdad?''''' 
Spanish: don't you?

'''José de la Luz Blanco''' 
Colonel, later general, in Madero's revolutionary forces.

'''''mucho gusto''''' 
Spanish: pleased to meet you.

'''whipcord''' 
A strong worsted or cotton fabric made of hard-twisted yarns with a diagonal cord or rib [http://vintagesewing.info/1920s/23-wmtp/illust/whipcord.jpg pic].

==Page 921==

'''''Adiós, mi guapo''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, my lady's man (handsome dude).

'''''compinche''''' 
Spanish: pal.

'''''copas''''' 
Spanish: glasses, cups.

==Page 922==

'''Krupp mountain gun''' 
[http://www.spanamwar.com/spanishkrupp75.htm Picture and text].

'''laudanum, paregoric''' 
Laudanum is an alcoholic tincture of opium; paregoric, a camphorated tincture of opium.

'''Bloody Shirt''' 
Waving the bloody shirt, as a political tactic, dates back at least 1300 years. The demagogue compels listeners to a desired action by citing a wrong they cannot ignore or forgive.

'''Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
[[ATD 374-396#Page 395|See p.395: Bolsón de Mapimi]]

==Page 923==

'''campesino''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_376 page 376].

'''...the mysterious ruins thought to have been built by refugees fleeing from their mythical homeland of Aztlan up north.''' 
An interesting anacronism here. From [http://www.ccha-assoc.org/Meso-sw04/rationale.html this website], we learn that

:At first, because of its Pueblo-like architecture, Paquime [aka Casas Grandes] had been regarded as a sort of southern extension of the ancient Pueblo world. But Charles Di Peso's excavations in the 1950's raised a "storm of controversy," revealing pyramid platforms mounds, ball-courts, and macaw breeding pens, leading him to conclude that what he had found was a major Mesoamerican "Gateway City," a 14th century urban trading center from whence Mesoamerican prestige items (macaw feathers, marine shells, copper bells) were exported to the American Southwest, bringing "higher" Mesoamerican culture with them.

So it seems that at the time Wren Provenance would have been part of a "semi-official" Harvard dig at [[Casas Grandes]], the original inhabitants wouldn't have been considered to be from Aztlan, unless they are (gasp!) Trespassers/visitors from the future. And on [[#Page 930|page 930]], this is supported.

Also, Pynchon seems to subscribe here to the theory that the actual geographical location of Aztlan was somewhere in what is now the southwestern United States. He refers to Aztlan being "up north" of [[Casas Grandes]]. This theory, held by some, seems to contradict a well-established consensus among scholars that these areas were inhabited by North American Indians who, as opposed to Aztecs, left enough artifacts in these areas to document their existence there, and that Aztlan would have been closer to Central Mexico. 
This exodus from Aztlan may be an alternate history from a parallel world.

==Page 924==

'''''tetas de muñeca''''' 
Spanish: doll-tits.

'''''pinga de títere''''' 
Spanish: puppet-pecker.

'''Frank found himself in a strange yet familiar City [...] nobody but the most senior Astrologers even being allowed to view the sky.''' 
An amazing sentence, perhaps the longest in the novel (more than a page in length), reminiscent of the opening dream sequence or that evensong service in ''Gravity's Rainbow'' a hallucinogenic cinematic pan. Awesome!

==Page 925==

'''''tlachiqueros''''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: ''tlachiqueros'']].

'''swamp-beaver hides''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutria nutria] (called so in North America, coypu elsewhere) has the nickname [http://www.bugspray.com/article/nutria.html swamp beaver (see line 20)].

'''Hallucinati''' 
Play on ''Illuminati,'' the Illuminated Ones, but the Hallucinati are lit by indigenous cacti and such.

'''''paseo'' time''' 
Spanish: time for strolling.

'''''ristras''''' 
Spanish: strings.

'''pamphlets''' 
These bear some similarity to the infamous [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijuana_bibles "Tijuana Bibles"] of the 20th century.

'''heliographs''' 
The [[ATD_849-863#Page_851|annotation to page 851]] defines the machine used for communication; here "heliograph" is an image produced by the action of sunlight. [http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/wfp/ See this remarkable page titled "The First Photograph."] [http://www.nicephore-niepce.com/ Nicephore Niepce] invented the process which used the very limited sensitivity of bitumen of Judea to light to create an image.

'''city not yet come into being''' 
Like an Aztlan alternate, an Aztlan never conquered by Cortez, developing without European influence beyond 1500 AD--what would such a mesoamerican culture look like?

==Page 926==

'''a little light reading''' 
Note the pun. Frank's reading "pamphlets ... hand-tinted heliographs in luminescent violets" (from [[#Page 925|p. 925]]) Wren hands him "the exact same periodical"

'''trespassers..winged demigods''' 
Notice trespassers, non-capitalized, linked with beasts with wings--and gringos!-- we have seen earlier.

==Page 927==

==Page 928==

'''outside chance of saving his soul''' 
Frank must become aware, by developing a historical sense. Pynchon goes beyond his concept of Temporal Bandwidth (in ''V.''), the ability to experience the history of a place and imagine future consequences, to live simultaneously in past, present and future, to (if we agree Frank's vision took him to an alternate Aztlan) the ability to do so and to envision and in some sense inhabit alternate histories. Frank is a typical American, from a place whose history began yesterday; such an ability would save any American's soul.

'''They were not about to be caught twice''' 
i.e. not like the Mesa Verde people along the McElmo.

'''Mormon settlements''' 
Mormons did settle in the desert southwest, and proselytized among the Pueblos, Navajo and other groups. In 1911, Hopi adherents and traditionalists fought a brief civil war, permanently splitting the group between those remaining at the Mesas and those now settled at Tuba City, AZ.

==Page 929==
'''the cruel country of the invaders, the people with wings, the serpents who spoke, the poisonous lizards who never lost a fight''' 
Are these the Trespassers? This also sounds like the Tatzelwurm. Was the Tatzelwurm a Trespasser?

==Page 930==

'''"The professors she works for return in September to the other side..."''' 
Aha, no wonder these professors "under semi-office Harvard auspices" know about the Casas Grandes/Aztlan connection which arose in the 1950s, but they're digging in the summer of 1911! They're from "the other side" visitors/Trespassers from the future!

==Page 931==

'''profitable weeks''' 
Because they are using Yashmeen's roulette system; see pages 862-3 [[ATD_849-863#Page_863|and annotations.]]

'''Biarritz''' 
Cf [[ATD_864-891#Page_891|page 891: Biarritz]]. 
Coastal city in France, on the shore of the Bay of Biscay.

'''Pau''' 
Inland city in France, east of Biarritz.

'''Yz-les-Bains''' 
Aix-les-Bains, pronounced EKS-lay-ban, is a city in southeastern France. (''Bains'' = baths.) The name Yz, probably pronounced like eece but ''just possibly'' like the letter Y or Wise, may be an allusion to that. But here are a couple of odd things. (1) Although it is too high in the mountains to be "near the foothills," there is a ski resort called Ax-les-Thermes (''Thermes'' = hot springs). And (2) scattered through the French foothills are a number of places whose names are letters of the alphabet: Ercé (R.C.), Port de l'Oo (O.), Les Eaux (O.), St. Béat (B.A.) and the excessively high peak Cembras d'Azè (A.Z., almost). There may be an intricate game of hide-the-spa going on here.

Possibly because: if Aix=X, we have a real X(-les bans) and a YZ(-le-bans); these are the coordinates, x,y,z. It is "carefully hidden", and as described on this and the following pages resembles the ideal Anarchist Collective of our (and Pynchon's) hippie dreams, ca. 1970. If Riemann functions are involved (see [[#Page_937|P. 937 and note]]), Y and Z may be coordinates involving imaginary numbers, fitting for the Edenic commune first referred to on P.372-373: "a place promised them, not by God, which'd be asking too much of the average Anarchist, but by certain hidden geometries of History, which must include, somewhere, at least at a single point, a safe conjugate to all the spill of accursed meridians, passing daily, desolate, one upon the next."

'''''gave''''' 
French: mountain stream, torrent.

'''more ''desperamus'' than ''laudamus''''' 
Latin: more "we despair" than "we praise."

==Page 932==

'''I'm not in disguise...''' 
The hippie dream: turn on, tune in, drop out. But bring your skills. People did, as described here.

'''Sophrosyne Hawkes''' 
''Sophrosyne'' is Greek, used in philosophy: moderation, moral sanity.

'''the old dutch''' 
Rhyming slang: Duchess of Fife = wife.

'''treacle-and-brown-paper arrangement such as burglars use''' 
One of P.G. Wodehouse's stories gives a good summary. You want to break a windowpane without lacerating yourself and waking everybody in the house. Get some treacle (molasses, syrup) and brown wrapping paper. Smear the window with the treacle and stick the paper to it. Rap the paper smartly. The glass fractures but doesn't fall out. (But is this correct or the fantasy of some crime writer?)

==Page 933==

'''plasmon biscuit''' 
Containing milk protein, salts and phosphates, these were/are made as dog rations and as biscuits for babies and adults. Adults use them as a quick snack when hiking, etc. Ernest Shackleton [http://books.google.com/books?id=6uIRAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA116&lpg=RA1-PA116&dq=plasmon+biscuit&source=web&ots=GMffcVzVbV&sig=Sk0KPAc-fb776xo6Hks4Og7rUsU used them (see second full paragraph)] during the British Antarctic Expedition 1907-1909.

'''Holloway''' 
1852 U.K. prison in Islington, North London. Female only inmates since 1902.

'''brooch of honor designed by Sylvia Pankhurst''' 
An honour medal for imprisonment was awarded to Emmeline Pankhurst, founder of the suffragettes, by the Women's Social and Political Union, Pankhurst was arrested in 1908 after she called on supporters to disrupt Parliament. The medal is inscribed with the date of her arrest and Holloway prison, where she was held. (Interestinigly,the medal was recently put up for sale [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20061108/ai_n16826883].

'''Ratty, having tracked rumors and attended to messages...found his way to a secret path...''' 
The way their cheerful menage was founded and how it is structured and worked is reminiscent of the [http://www.findhorn.org/about_us/display_new.php#anchor-beginnings Findhorn Foundation]in Scotland, and [http://www.esalen.org Esalen] in Big Sur, both founded
while Pynchon was finishing ''V'' in 1962. For that matter, golf is common to all three places. Esalen co-founder Michael Murphy has written several books on mystical golf, calling the game "western yoga" and a "mystery school for Republicans." 

The movie ''Caddyshack'' spoofs on this theme ... "Be..be the ball, Danny."

And especially Bill Murray in this classic scene as Carl Spackler...

''So I jump ship in Hong Kong and make my way over to Tibet, and I get on as a looper at a course over in the Himalayas. A looper, you know, a caddy, a looper, a jock. So, I tell them I'm a pro jock, and who do you think they give me? The Dalai Lama, himself. Twelfth son of the Lama. The flowing robes, the grace, bald... striking. So, I'm on the first tee with him. I give him the driver. He hauls off and whacks one - big hitter, the Lama - long, into a ten-thousand foot crevasse, right at the base of this glacier. Do you know what the Lama says? Gunga galunga... gunga, gunga-galunga. So we finish the eighteenth and he's gonna stiff me. And I say, "Hey, Lama, hey, how about a little something, you know, for the effort, you know." And he says, "Oh, uh, there won't be any money, but when you die, on your deathbed, you will receive total consciousness." So I got that goin' for me, which is nice.''

'''John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._E._McTaggart He] is best known today for writing "The Unreality of Time" (published 1908). 
May I suggest that with a name like that you get ''deja vu'' by the time you finish reading it! 
Or whiplash. 
Such 'doubling' in his name is very Icelandic sparring, metaphorically speaking, of course.

'''senior combination-room''' 
A room for seniors at a college or university where they can enjoy TV, pool, ping pong, conversation, wine, dessert, etc.

'''Hotchkiss''' 
A light [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotchkiss_gun cannon or howitzer] (42 mm) packed on two mules, or a rapid-fire 37 mm cannon. Both were in service at the time of the action, but after some 30 years on the market neither was a novelty.

'''I.W.W.''' 
The Industrial Workers of the World, known popularly as The Wobblies. Their slogan was "One Big Union". The organization still exists [http://www.iww.org/]; it is currently (2007) organizing Starbucks baristas, among many other projects. Significantly, The IWW was founded in Chicago in June 1905 at a convention of two hundred socialists, anarchists, and radical trade unionists from all over the United States (mainly the Western Federation of Miners) who were opposed to the policies of the American Federation of Labor. The "Wobbly Shop" refers to the grass-roots democracy methods for running industry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World].

==Page 934==

'''A legacy, one finds, of these ancient all-male structures''' 
A complaint about womens' roles in the Civil Rights and Peace movements of the 1960s, one factor that led to the emergence at that time of the modern feminist movement. 
One woman participant in the 1968 Columbia student strike explained: "The men made revolution and the women made coffee."

[[image:cayman_ball.jpg|thumb|100px|Brambled golf balls|right]]'''ancient brambled guttie''' 
A "guttie" golf ball has a solid gutta-percha core [ [[ATD_397-428#Page 403|See page 403 annotation]] ]; gutta-percha cores were invented in 1848. Modern golf balls have cores of titanium compounds, hybrid materials, softer shells and a more pressurized core. "Brambled" golf balls have hemispherical bumps molded into the surface to improve aerodynamics when the ball spins, the exact opposite of dimples which is what the surface of modern golf balls has. A brambled golf ball (sometimes called a Cayman ball) is specifically designed to fly true, but short. It is used on particularly short golf courses where space is at a premium. The brambles help it fly a trajectory that a normal golf ball would so that hooks and slices, fades and draws are possible.

==Page 935==

'''transform''' 
A mathematical operation that "maps" a relation from one domain to another.

Here, "Belgian Congo" maps to "Balkan Penninsula". By 1912, everyone at Yz-le-Bans would be familiar with Conrad's ''Heart of Darkness'', if not with other descriptions of the atrocities of exploitation of indigenous people in Congo. The conversation here and to follow describes the dawning realization of the imperialist exploitation of Eastern Europe by European powers. (Zora Neale Hurston famously commented that Hitler did in Europe what Europeans had been doing in Africa for a century). It begins with railroads and "other straight line" constructions.

The themes of ATD might also "map" to current events in another warzone, where a contemporary Great Game is being played out.

'''common in dreams''' 
Such as Frank's and Reef's. And/or, dreams require interpretation.

'''"The rail lines come into it as well, it's all like reading ancient Tibetan or something..."''' 
The role of railroads in rationalizing the magic out of the world and exploiting it have been made clear repeatedly, and their extension to all corners of Asia is exemplified by Kit's and Frank's journeys. We know the strange seal on the AtD cover reads "Tibetan Chamber of Commerce". As Pynchon was writing AtD, China was completing its railroad to Tibet, now open.

'''self-inflicted Anarchist bomb casualties''' 
In current chapter's context, possibly another 1960's reference, this time to the Greenwich Village (NY) townhouse explosion caused by a Weather Underground bomb manufacturing operation.

==Page 936==

'''a bold horizontal line''' 
Again, a straight line imposed on natural terrain spells trouble.

'''certain disagreeable events, attributed to 'Germany', are scheduled to occur''' 
This appears to be a map of time, not just of space, and perhaps of alternate historical possibilities.

'''the weight of a tank''' 
Um, battle tank development did not begin until 1915.

'''Coddington lens''' 
A hand lens used for close examination of objects [http://www.eyeantiques.com/MicroscopesAndTelescopes/Coddington%20microscope_brass.htm pic].

==Page 937==

'''instead of real against imaginary values''' 
Suggesting that on this map of time, what is supposedly imaginary is in some way real. Perhaps real in the sense we can learn from it? Real until we reduce the possibilities to a single reality by acting?

'''Katanga''' 
The southern province of Congo.

'''persistent long-standing nightmare''' 
McHugh's scenario for the beginning of the World War.

'''Having failed to learn the lessons of that now mythical time...''' 
That is, of the recently past Bosnian Crisis. Ratty now proposes yet another possible Balkan scenario leading to General European War.

==Page 938==

'''Cæsars''' 
Both the German Kaiser and the Russian Tsar took their titles from the name Cæsar.

'''''zadruga''''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: ''zadruga'']].

'''pestilent forms''' 
The forms of 20th century totalitarianism were unknown in 1912.
:Yes. But "that would rise up afterward, from the swamp of the ruined Europe."

'''Werfner's ''Interdikt''''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: ''das Interdikt'']].

==Page 939==

'''Phrenology''' 
Nineteenth century pseudoscience that, oddly, was correct in one big idea and incorrect in all the small ones. Neuroscience in the 19th century believed all parts of the brain were totipotent, able to process any kind of information or carry out any mental function. Phrenologists correctly held that different parts of the brain carried out different and specialized functions. (Unfortunately, they also mapped these functions completely fancifully, and linked them to a series of palpable landmarks on the skull, which could be read as a pattern of mental capabilities [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrenology]). Cyprian's quip suggests the modern Gaia hypothesis, which treats the Earth as a total conscious organism, would have to deal with the idea that some parts of the planet are more specialized. Niall Ferguson, in ''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'' (Penguin Press, 2006) more plausibly points out that the early 20th century Balkans fulfills his three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility.

'''relax into his fate''' 
Cyprian again reacting as a Buddhist, following karma.

==Page 940==

'''Lydian''' 
What Sleepcoat refers to is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydian_mode Medieval/Modern Lydian mode] (the white keys of the piano played from F to F). As with the Phrygian mode discussed in the wiki entry on [[ATD_892-918#Page_896|page 896]], there are two Lydian modes, the ancient Greek and the Medieval/Modern, although both modes in ''Against the Day'' refer to the medieval/modern Lydian. The "forbidden note" is the note that makes a tritone (three whole steps above the tonic). In jazz, this is often referred to as a "sharp eleven" (the 11th is the 4th degree of a scale when it is played in a chord that includes a dominant (flatted) seventh). The Beatles' "Blue Jay Way" is in the Lydian mode. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritone Wikipedia on the Tritone].

'''"Exactly--it's this B natural," banging on it two or three times. "Should be flatted. Once it was actually a forbidden note, you know..."..."The interval which our unflatted B makes with F was known to the ancients as 'the devil in the music'..."''' 
On Sept. 9, 2003, it was announced that astronomers using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory found evidence of sound waves (transmitted by the surrounding gas) emitted by a supermassive black hole. In musical terms, the pitch of the sound generated by the black hole translates into the note B flat, 57 octaves lower than middle-C. The vibrations explain why the gas shell surrounding black holes does not cool [http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/09sep_blackholesounds.htm].

So the forbidden note in the Lydian mode, not found, Sleepcoat thinks avoided, in Balkan music, draws attention to a fundamental astrophysical property (a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_spheres Music of the Spheres]). Or to the fact that it "should be flatted", i.e. there is a fundamental half-tone difference in the universe as it is and as it mathematically should be.

'''Orpheus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Orpheus], since the 6th century BC, was considered one of the chief poets and musicians of antiquity, and the inventor or perfector of the lyre.

==Page 941==

'''Jurançon''' 
Town near Pau.

'''Paris Commune''' 
Revolutionary government in Paris for two months in 1871.

'''Bartók and Kodály in Hungary''' 
Béla Bartók (1881-1945) wrote music influenced in part by the Hungarian (Magyar) folk songs he collected after 1905. Zoltán Kodály (1882-1967) incorporated some such music into works such as the "Dances of Marosszék."

'''Canteloube in the Auvergne''' 
Many songs Joseph Canteloube (1879-1957) collected found their way into his "Chants d'Auvergne."

'''Vaughan Williams in England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams Ralph Vaughan Williams] (1872-1958) was one of a small corps of collectors in Britain. A highlight of his output is the "English Folk Song Suite" for military band. His "Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis" is discussed on [[ATD_892-918#Page_896|page 896]].

'''Eugénie Lineff in Russia''' 
Publishing under this French form of her name, Evgeniya Lineva or Linyova (1853/4-1919) brought out collections of Russian and Ukrainian folk songs.

'''Hjalmar Thuren in the Farøe Islands''' 
Danish musicologist Thuren (1873-1912) collected in the Farøes, East Greenland and elsewhere.

==Page 942==

'''a commonwealth of the oppressed''' 
Such a commonwealth might require the kind of transcendence of desire Cyprian is embarked upon.

'''unmapped territory''' 
But they have the Map--they just can't yet read it.

'''utopian dreams...defective forms of time travel''' 
Fiction is an escape into Possibility, alternate histories; clearly a reflexive reference to AtD itself. One way to formulate this is to consider fiction, the Imaginary, another coordinate axis for the universe, like the three dimensions of space and the fourth of time. The imaginary/fictional affects reality, the choices made in the realm of the other four axes, by way of consciousness (thought and desire). Utopian dreaming is a "defective" form in that it is not along a "real" axis of travel, or perhaps because it can only affect choices in the other four axes via defective human consciousness.

'''we make our journies out there in the low light of the future, and return to the bourgeois day and its mass delusion of safety''' 
Thematic. Another interpretation of "against the day"? The idealist anarchist "utopian dream" against the materialist capitalist "bourgeois day."

'''untouched by cause and effect...points were thrown one by one like a magician forcing a card on spectators...''' 
Action collapses Possibility into Actuality in one formulation of the quantum universe; a reprise of Yashmeen's departure from Vienna.

==Page 943==

'''Zagreb''' 
Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_705|page 705: Zagreb]].
Capital of Croatia.

'''Beograd''' 
Usually "Belgrade" in English. Capital of Serbia, later of Yugoslavia.

'''There's ever such a nice panatela right here''' 
Allusion to the famous apocryphal remark attributed to Sigmund Freud: "Sometimes a cigar is only a cigar." Not at all: this time a cigar (a nice panatella) is definitely not a cigar.

'''Craven A''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craven_A Craven A] is a brand of English-style flavor cigarette which is made in both Canada and in Jamaica.

'''massés''' 
A massé shot in billiards involves driving the cue down onto the white ball so that a steep curve or complete reversal of cue ball direction is obtained without the necessity of any rail or object ball being struck.

==Page 944==

'''''machos''''' 
Spanish: he-men.

'''Sofia''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: Sofia]]. Capital of Bulgaria.

'''Tsentralna Gara''' 
Bulgarian: Central (railway) Station.

'''Boulevard Knyaginya Mariya Luiza''' 
Bulgarian: Princess Marie Louise Boulevard. Named for Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma (1870-99), consort of Prince Ferdinand, who became Tsar of Bulgaria after her death.

==Page 945==

'''Arthur Symons''' 
1865-1945, poet and critic who visited Sofia in 1903. And for being sensitive, in 1909 Symons suffered a psychotic breakdown, and published very little new work for a period of more than twenty years.

'''Kind of like Omaha''' 
This gratuitous comment calls for a self-indulgent annotation. I lived in Omaha for 2 years. Reef's assessment is completely accurate. But it might be worth noting that just as the arrival of the railroad seems to have rationalized Sofia, Omaha, also a city developed on a grid system, was the jumping off point for the Union Pacific half of the Transcontinental Railroad project.

'''leva''' 
Plural of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_lev lev], which is divided into 100 stotinki.

'''quo''' 
Punning on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quid_pro_quo quid pro quo].

'''kebabcheta''' 
Bulgarian: rissole (something resembling a meat-filled croquette or breaded cutlet). Two notes: (1) The ''-ta'' at the end is not part of the word but a definite article; (2) present-day spelling is ''kebapche.''

'''banichka''' 
Bulgarian: cheese patty.

'''palachinki''' 
Bulgarian: pancakes.

'''to doss''' 
to sleep

'''Transylvanian . . . ''kanástánc''''' 
In western Bulgaria he thinks he hears a Hungarian "swineherd's dance" from a part of present-day northern Romania, which belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary until 1918, with a large Magyar population (31.6 pct according to the 1910 census). That song really would have done some traveling. (Should it be spelled ''kanásztánc''? - Oh yes. It had a Transylvanian Romanian version, though, called crucea.)

'''antiphonal''' 
Answering responsively, as in [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/antiphony antiphony].

'''Shop dialect''' 
Nothing to do with ateliers. Bulgarian ''shop'' refers to the Sofia district and specifically peasants living there.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 919-945

2007-06-18T05:29:38Z

Cal: /* Page 923 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 919==

'''Holy Week''' 
Holy Week is the last week of Lent, the week immediately preceding Easter Sunday.

'''Madero's force at Casas Grandes''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_I._Madero Francisco Madero] (1873-1913) was a Mexico's liberal political leader. He denounced President Porfirio Diaz and headed an armed revolt to overthrow Diaz's idctatorship in November, 1910. In a span of six months, Madero was successful and Diaz was forced to resign and fled to France in exile, while Madero was elected president in November, 1911. In 1913, Madero was overthrown by his own general, Victoriano Huerta, and murdered. 
On March 5, 1911, during the Mexican Revolution, Madero led his forces to attack in Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, but was defeated.

'''the recent battle''' 
Battle of Casas Grandes, March 5, 1911, defeat for Madero's army in the Mexican Revolution; the action of this chapter begins a few days later.

'''''novio''''' 
Spanish: boyfriend.

'''something like a city after dark''' 
Like the White City, which he never saw.

==Page 920==

'''''¿qué tal, amigo?''''' 
Spanish: What's up, my friend?

'''''brujo''''' 
Spanish: wizard.

'''''¿verdad?''''' 
Spanish: don't you?

'''José de la Luz Blanco''' 
Colonel, later general, in Madero's revolutionary forces.

'''''mucho gusto''''' 
Spanish: pleased to meet you.

'''whipcord''' 
A strong worsted or cotton fabric made of hard-twisted yarns with a diagonal cord or rib [http://vintagesewing.info/1920s/23-wmtp/illust/whipcord.jpg pic].

==Page 921==

'''''Adiós, mi guapo''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, my lady's man (handsome dude).

'''''compinche''''' 
Spanish: pal.

'''''copas''''' 
Spanish: glasses, cups.

==Page 922==

'''Krupp mountain gun''' 
[http://www.spanamwar.com/spanishkrupp75.htm Picture and text].

'''laudanum, paregoric''' 
Laudanum is an alcoholic tincture of opium; paregoric, a camphorated tincture of opium.

'''Bloody Shirt''' 
Waving the bloody shirt, as a political tactic, dates back at least 1300 years. The demagogue compels listeners to a desired action by citing a wrong they cannot ignore or forgive.

'''Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
[[ATD 374-396#Page 395|See p.395: Bolsón de Mapimi]]

==Page 923==

'''campesino''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_376 page 376].

'''...the mysterious ruins thought to have been built by refugees fleeing from their mythical homeland of Aztlan up north.''' 
An interesting anacronism here. From [http://www.ccha-assoc.org/Meso-sw04/rationale.html this website], we learn that

:At first, because of its Pueblo-like architecture, Paquime [aka Casas Grandes] had been regarded as a sort of southern extension of the ancient Pueblo world. But Charles Di Peso's excavations in the 1950's raised a "storm of controversy," revealing pyramid platforms mounds, ball-courts, and macaw breeding pens, leading him to conclude that what he had found was a major Mesoamerican "Gateway City," a 14th century urban trading center from whence Mesoamerican prestige items (macaw feathers, marine shells, copper bells) were exported to the American Southwest, bringing "higher" Mesoamerican culture with them.

So it seems that at the time Wren Provenance would have been part of a "semi-official" Harvard dig at [[Casas Grandes]], the original inhabitants wouldn't have been considered to be from Aztlan, unless they are (gasp!) Trespassers/visitors from the future. And on [[#Page 930|page 930]], this is supported.

Also, Pynchon seems to subscribe here to the theory that the actual geographical location of Aztlan was somewhere in what is now the southwestern United States. He refers to Aztlan being "up north" of [[Casas Grandes]]. This theory, held by some, seems to contradict a well-established consensus among scholars that these areas were inhabited by North American Indians who, as opposed to Aztecs, left enough artifacts in these areas to document their existence there, and that Aztlan would have been closer to Central Mexico. 
This exodus from Aztlan may be an alternate history from a parallel world.

==Page 924==

'''''tetas de muñeca''''' 
Spanish: doll-tits.

'''''pinga de títere''''' 
Spanish: puppet-pecker.

'''Frank found himself in a strange yet familiar City [...] nobody but the most senior Astrologers even being allowed to view the sky.''' 
An amazing sentence, perhaps the longest in the novel (more than a page in length), reminiscent of the opening dream sequence or that evensong service in ''Gravity's Rainbow'' a hallucinogenic cinematic pan. Awesome!

==Page 925==

'''''tlachiqueros''''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: ''tlachiqueros'']].

'''swamp-beaver hides''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutria nutria] (called so in North America, coypu elsewhere) has the nickname [http://www.bugspray.com/article/nutria.html swamp beaver (see line 20)].

'''Hallucinati''' 
Play on ''Illuminati,'' the Illuminated Ones, but the Hallucinati are lit by indigenous cacti and such.

'''''paseo'' time''' 
Spanish: time for strolling.

'''''ristras''''' 
Spanish: strings.

'''pamphlets''' 
These bear some similarity to the infamous [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijuana_bibles "Tijuana Bibles"] of the 20th century.

'''heliographs''' 
The [[ATD_849-863#Page_851|annotation to page 851]] defines the machine used for communication; here "heliograph" is an image produced by the action of sunlight. [http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/wfp/ See this remarkable page titled "The First Photograph."] [http://www.nicephore-niepce.com/ Nicephore Niepce] invented the process which used the very limited sensitivity of bitumen of Judea to light to create an image.

'''city not yet come into being''' 
Like an Aztlan alternate, an Aztlan never conquered by Cortez, developing without European influence beyond 1500 AD--what would such a mesoamerican culture look like?

==Page 926==

'''a little light reading''' 
Note the pun. Frank's reading "pamphlets ... hand-tinted heliographs in luminescent violets" (from [[#Page 925|p. 925]]) Wren hands him "the exact same periodical"

'''trespassers..winged demigods''' 
Notice trespassers, non-capitalized, linked with beasts with wings--and gringos!-- we have seen earlier.

==Page 927==

==Page 928==

'''outside chance of saving his soul''' 
Frank must become aware, by developing a historical sense. Pynchon goes beyond his concept of Temporal Bandwidth (in ''V.''), the ability to experience the history of a place and imagine future consequences, to live simultaneously in past, present and future, to (if we agree Frank's vision took him to an alternate Aztlan) the ability to do so and to envision and in some sense inhabit alternate histories. Frank is a typical American, from a place whose history began yesterday; such an ability would save any American's soul.

'''They were not about to be caught twice''' 
i.e. not like the Mesa Verde people along the McElmo.

'''Mormon settlements''' 
Mormons did settle in the desert southwest, and proselytized among the Pueblos, Navajo and other groups. In 1911, Hopi adherents and traditionalists fought a brief civil war, permanently splitting the group between those remaining at the Mesas and those now settled at Tuba City, AZ.

==Page 929==
'''the cruel country of the invaders, the people with wings, the serpents who spoke, the poisonous lizards who never lost a fight''' 
Are these the Trespassers? This also sounds like the Tatzelwurm. Was the Tatzelwurm a Trespasser?

==Page 930==

'''"The professors she works for return in September to the other side..."''' 
Aha, no wonder these professors "under semi-office Harvard auspices" know about the Casas Grandes/Aztlan connection which arose in the 1950s, but they're digging in the summer of 1911! They're from "the other side" visitors/Trespassers from the future!

==Page 931==

'''profitable weeks''' 
Because they are using Yashmeen's roulette system; see pages 862-3 [[ATD_849-863#Page_863|and annotations.]]

'''Biarritz''' 
Cf [[ATD_864-891#Page_891|page 891: Biarritz]]. 
Coastal city in France, on the shore of the Bay of Biscay.

'''Pau''' 
Inland city in France, east of Biarritz.

'''Yz-les-Bains''' 
Aix-les-Bains, pronounced EKS-lay-ban, is a city in southeastern France. (''Bains'' = baths.) The name Yz, probably pronounced like eece but ''just possibly'' like the letter Y or Wise, may be an allusion to that. But here are a couple of odd things. (1) Although it is too high in the mountains to be "near the foothills," there is a ski resort called Ax-les-Thermes (''Thermes'' = hot springs). And (2) scattered through the French foothills are a number of places whose names are letters of the alphabet: Ercé (R.C.), Port de l'Oo (O.), Les Eaux (O.), St. Béat (B.A.) and the excessively high peak Cembras d'Azè (A.Z., almost). There may be an intricate game of hide-the-spa going on here.

Possibly because: if Aix=X, we have a real X(-les bans) and a YZ(-le-bans); these are the coordinates, x,y,z. It is "carefully hidden", and as described on this and the following pages resembles the ideal Anarchist Collective of our (and Pynchon's) hippie dreams, ca. 1970. If Riemann functions are involved (see [[#Page_937|P. 937 and note]]), Y and Z may be coordinates involving imaginary numbers, fitting for the Edenic commune first referred to on P.372-373: "a place promised them, not by God, which'd be asking too much of the average Anarchist, but by certain hidden geometries of History, which must include, somewhere, at least at a single point, a safe conjugate to all the spill of accursed meridians, passing daily, desolate, one upon the next."

'''''gave''''' 
French: mountain stream, torrent.

'''more ''desperamus'' than ''laudamus''''' 
Latin: more "we despair" than "we praise."

==Page 932==

'''I'm not in disguise...''' 
The hippie dream: turn on, tune in, drop out. But bring your skills. People did, as described here.

'''Sophrosyne Hawkes''' 
''Sophrosyne'' is Greek, used in philosophy: moderation, moral sanity.

'''the old dutch''' 
Rhyming slang: Duchess of Fife = wife.

'''treacle-and-brown-paper arrangement such as burglars use''' 
One of P.G. Wodehouse's stories gives a good summary. You want to break a windowpane without lacerating yourself and waking everybody in the house. Get some treacle (molasses, syrup) and brown wrapping paper. Smear the window with the treacle and stick the paper to it. Rap the paper smartly. The glass fractures but doesn't fall out. (But is this correct or the fantasy of some crime writer?)

==Page 933==

'''plasmon biscuit''' 
Containing milk protein, salts and phosphates, these were/are made as dog rations and as biscuits for babies and adults. Adults use them as a quick snack when hiking, etc. Ernest Shackleton [http://books.google.com/books?id=6uIRAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA116&lpg=RA1-PA116&dq=plasmon+biscuit&source=web&ots=GMffcVzVbV&sig=Sk0KPAc-fb776xo6Hks4Og7rUsU used them (see second full paragraph)] during the British Antarctic Expedition 1907-1909.

'''Holloway''' 
1852 U.K. prison in Islington, North London. Female only inmates since 1902.

'''brooch of honor designed by Sylvia Pankhurst''' 
An honour medal for imprisonment was awarded to Emmeline Pankhurst, founder of the suffragettes, by the Women's Social and Political Union, Pankhurst was arrested in 1908 after she called on supporters to disrupt Parliament. The medal is inscribed with the date of her arrest and Holloway prison, where she was held. (Interestinigly,the medal was recently put up for sale [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20061108/ai_n16826883].

'''Ratty, having tracked rumors and attended to messages...found his way to a secret path...''' 
The way their cheerful menage was founded and how it is structured and worked is reminiscent of the [http://www.findhorn.org/about_us/display_new.php#anchor-beginnings Findhorn Foundation]in Scotland, and [http://www.esalen.org Esalen] in Big Sur, both founded
while Pynchon was finishing ''V'' in 1962. For that matter, golf is common to all three places. Esalen co-founder Michael Murphy has written several books on mystical golf, calling the game "western yoga" and a "mystery school for Republicans." 

The movie ''Caddyshack'' spoofs on this theme ... "Be..be the ball, Danny."

And especially Bill Murray in this classic scene as Carl Spackler...

''So I jump ship in Hong Kong and make my way over to Tibet, and I get on as a looper at a course over in the Himalayas. A looper, you know, a caddy, a looper, a jock. So, I tell them I'm a pro jock, and who do you think they give me? The Dalai Lama, himself. Twelfth son of the Lama. The flowing robes, the grace, bald... striking. So, I'm on the first tee with him. I give him the driver. He hauls off and whacks one - big hitter, the Lama - long, into a ten-thousand foot crevasse, right at the base of this glacier. Do you know what the Lama says? Gunga galunga... gunga, gunga-galunga. So we finish the eighteenth and he's gonna stiff me. And I say, "Hey, Lama, hey, how about a little something, you know, for the effort, you know." And he says, "Oh, uh, there won't be any money, but when you die, on your deathbed, you will receive total consciousness." So I got that goin' for me, which is nice.''

'''John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._E._McTaggart He] is best known today for writing "The Unreality of Time" (published 1908). 
May I suggest that with a name like that you get ''deja vu'' by the time you finish reading it! 
Or whiplash. 
Such 'doubling' in his name is very Icelandic sparring, metaphorically speaking, of course.

'''senior combination-room''' 
A room for seniors at a college or university where they can enjoy TV, pool, ping pong, conversation, wine, dessert, etc.

'''Hotchkiss''' 
A light [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotchkiss_gun cannon or howitzer] (42 mm) packed on two mules, or a rapid-fire 37 mm cannon. Both were in service at the time of the action, but after some 30 years on the market neither was a novelty.

'''I.W.W.''' 
The Industrial Workers of the World, known popularly as The Wobblies. Their slogan was "One Big Union". The organization still exists [http://www.iww.org/]; it is currently (2007) organizing Starbucks baristas, among many other projects. Significantly, The IWW was founded in Chicago in June 1905 at a convention of two hundred socialists, anarchists, and radical trade unionists from all over the United States (mainly the Western Federation of Miners) who were opposed to the policies of the American Federation of Labor. The "Wobbly Shop" refers to the grass-roots democracy methods for running industry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World].

==Page 934==

'''A legacy, one finds, of these ancient all-male structures''' 
A complaint about womens' roles in the Civil Rights and Peace movements of the 1960s, one factor that led to the emergence at that time of the modern feminist movement. 
One woman participant in the 1968 Columbia student strike explained: "The men made revolution and the women made coffee."

[[image:cayman_ball.jpg|thumb|100px|Brambled golf balls|right]]'''ancient brambled guttie''' 
A "guttie" golf ball has a solid gutta-percha core [ [[ATD_397-428#Page 403|See page 403 annotation]] ]; gutta-percha cores were invented in 1848. Modern golf balls have cores of titanium compounds, hybrid materials, softer shells and a more pressurized core. "Brambled" golf balls have hemispherical bumps molded into the surface to improve aerodynamics when the ball spins, the exact opposite of dimples which is what the surface of modern golf balls has. A brambled golf ball (sometimes called a Cayman ball) is specifically designed to fly true, but short. It is used on particularly short golf courses where space is at a premium. The brambles help it fly a trajectory that a normal golf ball would so that hooks and slices, fades and draws are possible.

==Page 935==

'''transform''' 
A mathematical operation that "maps" a relation from one domain to another.

Here, "Belgian Congo" maps to "Balkan Penninsula". By 1912, everyone at Yz-le-Bans would be familiar with Conrad's ''Heart of Darkness'', if not with other descriptions of the atrocities of exploitation of indigenous people in Congo. The conversation here and to follow describes the dawning realization of the imperialist exploitation of Eastern Europe by European powers. (Zora Neale Hurston famously commented that Hitler did in Europe what Europeans had been doing in Africa for a century). It begins with railroads and "other straight line" constructions.

'''common in dreams''' 
Such as Frank's and Reef's. And/or, dreams require interpretation.

'''"The rail lines come into it as well, it's all like reading ancient Tibetan or something..."''' 
The role of railroads in rationalizing the magic out of the world and exploiting it have been made clear repeatedly, and their extension to all corners of Asia is exemplified by Kit's and Frank's journeys. We know the strange seal on the AtD cover reads "Tibetan Chamber of Commerce". As Pynchon was writing AtD, China was completing its railroad to Tibet, now open.

'''self-inflicted Anarchist bomb casualties''' 
In current chapter's context, possibly another 1960's reference, this time to the Greenwich Village (NY) townhouse explosion caused by a Weather Underground bomb manufacturing operation.

==Page 936==

'''a bold horizontal line''' 
Again, a straight line imposed on natural terrain spells trouble.

'''certain disagreeable events, attributed to 'Germany', are scheduled to occur''' 
This appears to be a map of time, not just of space, and perhaps of alternate historical possibilities.

'''the weight of a tank''' 
Um, battle tank development did not begin until 1915.

'''Coddington lens''' 
A hand lens used for close examination of objects [http://www.eyeantiques.com/MicroscopesAndTelescopes/Coddington%20microscope_brass.htm pic].

==Page 937==

'''instead of real against imaginary values''' 
Suggesting that on this map of time, what is supposedly imaginary is in some way real. Perhaps real in the sense we can learn from it? Real until we reduce the possibilities to a single reality by acting?

'''Katanga''' 
The southern province of Congo.

'''persistent long-standing nightmare''' 
McHugh's scenario for the beginning of the World War.

'''Having failed to learn the lessons of that now mythical time...''' 
That is, of the recently past Bosnian Crisis. Ratty now proposes yet another possible Balkan scenario leading to General European War.

==Page 938==

'''Cæsars''' 
Both the German Kaiser and the Russian Tsar took their titles from the name Cæsar.

'''''zadruga''''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: ''zadruga'']].

'''pestilent forms''' 
The forms of 20th century totalitarianism were unknown in 1912.
:Yes. But "that would rise up afterward, from the swamp of the ruined Europe."

'''Werfner's ''Interdikt''''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: ''das Interdikt'']].

==Page 939==

'''Phrenology''' 
Nineteenth century pseudoscience that, oddly, was correct in one big idea and incorrect in all the small ones. Neuroscience in the 19th century believed all parts of the brain were totipotent, able to process any kind of information or carry out any mental function. Phrenologists correctly held that different parts of the brain carried out different and specialized functions. (Unfortunately, they also mapped these functions completely fancifully, and linked them to a series of palpable landmarks on the skull, which could be read as a pattern of mental capabilities [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrenology]). Cyprian's quip suggests the modern Gaia hypothesis, which treats the Earth as a total conscious organism, would have to deal with the idea that some parts of the planet are more specialized. Niall Ferguson, in ''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'' (Penguin Press, 2006) more plausibly points out that the early 20th century Balkans fulfills his three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility.

'''relax into his fate''' 
Cyprian again reacting as a Buddhist, following karma.

==Page 940==

'''Lydian''' 
What Sleepcoat refers to is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydian_mode Medieval/Modern Lydian mode] (the white keys of the piano played from F to F). As with the Phrygian mode discussed in the wiki entry on [[ATD_892-918#Page_896|page 896]], there are two Lydian modes, the ancient Greek and the Medieval/Modern, although both modes in ''Against the Day'' refer to the medieval/modern Lydian. The "forbidden note" is the note that makes a tritone (three whole steps above the tonic). In jazz, this is often referred to as a "sharp eleven" (the 11th is the 4th degree of a scale when it is played in a chord that includes a dominant (flatted) seventh). The Beatles' "Blue Jay Way" is in the Lydian mode. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritone Wikipedia on the Tritone].

'''"Exactly--it's this B natural," banging on it two or three times. "Should be flatted. Once it was actually a forbidden note, you know..."..."The interval which our unflatted B makes with F was known to the ancients as 'the devil in the music'..."''' 
On Sept. 9, 2003, it was announced that astronomers using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory found evidence of sound waves (transmitted by the surrounding gas) emitted by a supermassive black hole. In musical terms, the pitch of the sound generated by the black hole translates into the note B flat, 57 octaves lower than middle-C. The vibrations explain why the gas shell surrounding black holes does not cool [http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/09sep_blackholesounds.htm].

So the forbidden note in the Lydian mode, not found, Sleepcoat thinks avoided, in Balkan music, draws attention to a fundamental astrophysical property (a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_spheres Music of the Spheres]). Or to the fact that it "should be flatted", i.e. there is a fundamental half-tone difference in the universe as it is and as it mathematically should be.

'''Orpheus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Orpheus], since the 6th century BC, was considered one of the chief poets and musicians of antiquity, and the inventor or perfector of the lyre.

==Page 941==

'''Jurançon''' 
Town near Pau.

'''Paris Commune''' 
Revolutionary government in Paris for two months in 1871.

'''Bartók and Kodály in Hungary''' 
Béla Bartók (1881-1945) wrote music influenced in part by the Hungarian (Magyar) folk songs he collected after 1905. Zoltán Kodály (1882-1967) incorporated some such music into works such as the "Dances of Marosszék."

'''Canteloube in the Auvergne''' 
Many songs Joseph Canteloube (1879-1957) collected found their way into his "Chants d'Auvergne."

'''Vaughan Williams in England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams Ralph Vaughan Williams] (1872-1958) was one of a small corps of collectors in Britain. A highlight of his output is the "English Folk Song Suite" for military band. His "Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis" is discussed on [[ATD_892-918#Page_896|page 896]].

'''Eugénie Lineff in Russia''' 
Publishing under this French form of her name, Evgeniya Lineva or Linyova (1853/4-1919) brought out collections of Russian and Ukrainian folk songs.

'''Hjalmar Thuren in the Farøe Islands''' 
Danish musicologist Thuren (1873-1912) collected in the Farøes, East Greenland and elsewhere.

==Page 942==

'''a commonwealth of the oppressed''' 
Such a commonwealth might require the kind of transcendence of desire Cyprian is embarked upon.

'''unmapped territory''' 
But they have the Map--they just can't yet read it.

'''utopian dreams...defective forms of time travel''' 
Fiction is an escape into Possibility, alternate histories; clearly a reflexive reference to AtD itself. One way to formulate this is to consider fiction, the Imaginary, another coordinate axis for the universe, like the three dimensions of space and the fourth of time. The imaginary/fictional affects reality, the choices made in the realm of the other four axes, by way of consciousness (thought and desire). Utopian dreaming is a "defective" form in that it is not along a "real" axis of travel, or perhaps because it can only affect choices in the other four axes via defective human consciousness.

'''we make our journies out there in the low light of the future, and return to the bourgeois day and its mass delusion of safety''' 
Thematic. Another interpretation of "against the day"? The idealist anarchist "utopian dream" against the materialist capitalist "bourgeois day."

'''untouched by cause and effect...points were thrown one by one like a magician forcing a card on spectators...''' 
Action collapses Possibility into Actuality in one formulation of the quantum universe; a reprise of Yashmeen's departure from Vienna.

==Page 943==

'''Zagreb''' 
Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_705|page 705: Zagreb]].
Capital of Croatia.

'''Beograd''' 
Usually "Belgrade" in English. Capital of Serbia, later of Yugoslavia.

'''There's ever such a nice panatela right here''' 
Allusion to the famous apocryphal remark attributed to Sigmund Freud: "Sometimes a cigar is only a cigar." Not at all: this time a cigar (a nice panatella) is definitely not a cigar.

'''Craven A''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craven_A Craven A] is a brand of English-style flavor cigarette which is made in both Canada and in Jamaica.

'''massés''' 
A massé shot in billiards involves driving the cue down onto the white ball so that a steep curve or complete reversal of cue ball direction is obtained without the necessity of any rail or object ball being struck.

==Page 944==

'''''machos''''' 
Spanish: he-men.

'''Sofia''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: Sofia]]. Capital of Bulgaria.

'''Tsentralna Gara''' 
Bulgarian: Central (railway) Station.

'''Boulevard Knyaginya Mariya Luiza''' 
Bulgarian: Princess Marie Louise Boulevard. Named for Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma (1870-99), consort of Prince Ferdinand, who became Tsar of Bulgaria after her death.

==Page 945==

'''Arthur Symons''' 
1865-1945, poet and critic who visited Sofia in 1903. And for being sensitive, in 1909 Symons suffered a psychotic breakdown, and published very little new work for a period of more than twenty years.

'''Kind of like Omaha''' 
This gratuitous comment calls for a self-indulgent annotation. I lived in Omaha for 2 years. Reef's assessment is completely accurate. But it might be worth noting that just as the arrival of the railroad seems to have rationalized Sofia, Omaha, also a city developed on a grid system, was the jumping off point for the Union Pacific half of the Transcontinental Railroad project.

'''leva''' 
Plural of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_lev lev], which is divided into 100 stotinki.

'''quo''' 
Punning on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quid_pro_quo quid pro quo].

'''kebabcheta''' 
Bulgarian: rissole (something resembling a meat-filled croquette or breaded cutlet). Two notes: (1) The ''-ta'' at the end is not part of the word but a definite article; (2) present-day spelling is ''kebapche.''

'''banichka''' 
Bulgarian: cheese patty.

'''palachinki''' 
Bulgarian: pancakes.

'''to doss''' 
to sleep

'''Transylvanian . . . ''kanástánc''''' 
In western Bulgaria he thinks he hears a Hungarian "swineherd's dance" from a part of present-day northern Romania, which belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary until 1918, with a large Magyar population (31.6 pct according to the 1910 census). That song really would have done some traveling. (Should it be spelled ''kanásztánc''? - Oh yes. It had a Transylvanian Romanian version, though, called crucea.)

'''antiphonal''' 
Answering responsively, as in [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/antiphony antiphony].

'''Shop dialect''' 
Nothing to do with ateliers. Bulgarian ''shop'' refers to the Sofia district and specifically peasants living there.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 678-694

2007-06-17T21:52:07Z

Cal: /* Page 688 */ pinks and finks

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 678==

'''''Whitechapel . . . Ripping . . .'' murders of the late '80s''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitechapel Whitechapel] is an inner city district east of Charing Cross, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.
The heart of the district is Whitechapel Road itself, named for a small chapel of ease dedicated to St. Mary. In Victorian era Whitechapel area was full of poor English country stock which was swelled by large number of immigrants. This endemic poverty drove many women to prostitution. Such prostitutes were the victims of the serial killer known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper Jack the Ripper] who terrorised this part of London in the autumn of 1888.

'''''Piggott's''''' 
???

'''the Strand''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.ord/wiki/Strand,_London The Strand] is the popular name of a street in London called ''Strand''. It derives its name from the Old English "shore" or "river bank". It currently starts at Trafalgar Square and runs east to join Fleet Street at Temple Bar. There are many prominent buildings, churches, and palaces along the street.

'''exhibiting that sinister British craving for the dark and shiny...''' 
Perhaps an Orwellian reference here:

:'It's this bloody thing that does it,' she said, ripping off the scarlet sash of the Junior Anti-Sex League and flinging it on to a bough. Then, as though touching her waist had reminded her of something, she felt in the pocket of her overalls and produced a small slab of chocolate. She broke it in half and gave one of the pieces to Winston. Even before he had taken it he knew by the smell that it was very unusual chocolate. '''It was dark and shiny''', and was wrapped in silver paper.<ref>''1984'', George Orwell, 1948, Ch. X</ref>

The whole paragraph also recalls the Velvet Underground Song ''Venus in Furs'' [http://www.lyricsdomain.com/22/velvet_underground/shiny_shiny_shiny_boots_of_leather.html Lyrics], a hymn of the SM/Fetish-scene: "dark and shiny... patent boots... [http://www.lorraineelement.com/links.htm mackintoshes]..." reads like catchwords from the covers of [http://www.atomage.co.uk/index.html Atomage Magazine], whose editor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sutcliffe_%28designer%29 John Sutcliffe], btw, did the costumes for the TV-Series [http://dissolute.com.au/avweb/fashion1.html The Avengers].

'''...students of the chimpanzee...''' 
A stretch? According to a paper done by Arthur W. Epstein (1987), (male) chimpanzees and other primates might develop a fetish: "The endowing of an object with ... [erotic associations] has been noted in a zoo-dwelling chimpanzee ... who displayed sexual arousal toward one specific object, a rubber boot.... The chimpanzee quickly approached, gazed at the boot and handled it. The penis became erect and was touched to the boot. Shortly thereafter, manual self-stimulation and ejaculation occurred. The ejaculate was then consumed. This response was said to be invariable and occurred whether the boot was worn by a keeper or simply placed in the cage. (pp. 143-144)" [http://www.scottsdalecc.edu/ricker/psy101/readings/Section_3/3-1.html source]
:To me, the text implies the chimpanzee likes all the bright and shiny stuff, not that it has any neurotic fetishes...see list down to albedo. The experts in 'erotic neuropathy' see what 'students of the chmpanzee' know. [User: MKOHUT, February 4, 2007]

'''marcasite''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcasite Wikipedia]

Marcasite, in keeping with the idea of bilocations and doubles, is also a ''twinned'' mineral, it's opposing pair being pyrite (fool's gold), much as diamonds are twinned with graphite.
[http://www.galleries.com/minerals/sulfides/marcasit/marcasit.htm]

'''queasy albedo''' 
Albedo is the ratio of reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation power. It is a unitless measure indicative of a surface's or body's reflectivity. The word is derived from albus, a Latin word for "white".

'''streetlighting... luminous equivalent of a ...shriek''' 
Thematic. 

Whitechapel and white color theme all over.

'''buskers''' 
persons who entertain in a public place for donations.

'''Duke of Cumberland's Theatre''' 
Queen Victoria's uncle Ernest Augustus was the Duke of Cumberland; [[ATD_219-242#Page_230|see annotation to page 230.]] A real theater?

==Page 679==

'''co-tenant of Tarot Card XV...Renfrew 
Werfner is other co-tenant surely. 
Card XV is the Devil.

'''K. & K. Landwehr''' 
German. ''K. und K.'' or ''K-K'', Kaiserlich-Königlich, Imperial and Royal. ''Landwehr,'' a section of the "joint" Austro-Hungarian Army over which only the Austrian (as disctinct from Austro-Hungarian) government had authority.

'''''slightly more mineral''''' 
cf Frank's "mineral condition", [[ATD_374-396#Page_395|page 395]].

'''Jack the Ripper''' 
The serial killer in Whitechapel district of London in 1888. Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_678|page 678:''Whitechapel . . . Ripping . . . murders'']].

==Page 680==

'''"including the blood everyone's come for"''' 
The audience at a musical about Jack the Ripper 'comes for blood'? Revenge
motivations even here? Notice response of other audience member...

'''''Sowieso''''' 
German: anyway.

'''Piccadilly Circus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piccadilly_Circus Piccadilly Circus], a circular open space at a street junction, is a famous traffic intersection and public space at the heart of West End, London. It links to several well-known theathres and is close to major shopping areas in a central location. Its memorial fountain status itself is a major tourist attraction.

==Page 681==

'''the tragedy at Mayerling''' 
The deaths of the Austrian Crown Prince, [[ATD_26-56#Page_45|Archduke Rudolf, and his girlfriend, Baroness Mary Vetsera,]] at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mayerling_Incident Mayerling] hunting lodge in Lower Austria on January 30, 1889. Austrian officials regarded it as an act of a suicide pact but many others believed an international conspiracy of murder.

'''old F.F.''' 
Franz Ferdinand. ([[ATD_26-56#Page_45|See annotation to p. 45: Francis Ferdinand]]).

'''''Liebestod''''' 
German: love-death. Denotes in particular the climactic scene in Wagner's opera ''Tristan und Isolde,'' but here means the fatal end of an affair. And Rudolf's unfortunate love-death led to Austria's death-love thru Ferdinand!?

'''''Fachsimpelei''''' 
German: shop talk.

'''the Triple Alliance''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Alliance_(1882) The treaty] by which Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy pledged on May 20, 1882, to support each others militarily in the event of an attack against any of them by two or more great powers.

'''''Ach, die Vetsera''''' 
German: ah, the Vetsera. Baroness Mary Vetsera was the mistress of Crown Prince Rudolf. In 1889 both were found dead at the Mayerling hunting lodge.

'''''cherchons la femme''''' 
French: let us seek the woman. The phrase usually means to look for the woman who has set events in motion; here it's used ironically to mean that focusing on the search for the woman will mask any questions about Rudolf and his father.

'''[Pynchon thru]Khautsch links the first famous serial killer in history, Jack the Ripper, with the assassination of Crown Prince Rudolf--he could have been at Mayerling!--and the serial genocidal killings of Austria? "Railway depot...gates disposed radially in all directions"...p.683 "lives by the trainload"...
The implication, though, is that all of those thousands of potential murderers were, in fact, the one true murderer--that each of the victims was killed by an unspecified but potentially enormous number of killers, simultaneously...

:serial genocidal killings of Austria ?

==Page 682==

'''Trafalgar Square''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafalgar_Square Trafalgar Square] is a square in London that commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar (October 21, 1805) in which the British Navy of 27 ships soundly defeated the French and Spanish combined fleet of 33 ships west of Cape Trafalgar in south-west Spain. The square, a popular site for political demonstrations, is the location of Nelson's Column.

'''the "Boston"''' 
A dance somewhat like the waltz.

'''pentatonic''' 
A scale with five notes per octave. C-D-E-G-A(-C) or A-C-D-E-G(-A), for example. Western listeners sense this as an "Oriental" scale—Ravel used it in the "Empress of the Pagodas" movement of his ''Mother Goose'' Suite—but it occurs much more widely ("Loch Lomond").

==Page 683==

'''Franz Josef''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria Franz Josef] (1830-1916), Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1848 to 1916. His 68-year reign is the third-longest in the recorded history of Europe.

'''the Belvedere''' 
The Belvedere Palace, Vienna, comprises two magnificent baroque mansions facing each other across a sloping formal garden. Prince Eugene of Savoy, whose campaigns against the Turks enabled the Habsburg Emprie to reclaim Hungary, purchased some land beyond Vienna's city walls in 1693, upon which he ordered a park with elaborate water features and fountains to be built. In 1714 the Prince had the lower Belvedere built and in 1721 the upper one. The Palace now is open to public tours. See [http://www.freefoto.com/browse.jsp?id=02-07-3 Belvedere Pictures].

'''Prince Eugene of Savoy''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Eugene_of_Savoy Prince Eugene of Savoy] (1663-1736) was the greatest general to serve the Habsburgs.

'''Ballhausplatz''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballhausplatz Ballhausplatz] is a square in central Vienna containing the building that over 200 years has been the official residence of the State Chancellor. As a result, ''Ballhausplatz'' is often used as shorthand for the Austrian Chancellery

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618:the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Wilhelmstrasse''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_496|page 496:Wilhelmstrasse]].

'''''gemütlicher alter Junge''''' 
German: good old boy.

'''a man who is standing ''where he should not be''.''' 
This ominous sentence could be applied to the likes of GWB and those shady charcters who allegedly stood on the grassy knoll (among others).

'''some symmetry was being broken''' 
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in physics takes place when a system that is symmetric with respect to some symmetry group goes into a vacuum state that is not symmetric. At this point the system no longer appears to behave in a symmetric manner. A common example to help explain this phenomenon is a ball sitting on top of a hill. This ball is in a completely symmetric state. However, it is not a stable one: the ball can easily roll down the hill. At some point, the ball will spontaneously roll down the hill in one direction or another. The symmetry has been broken because the direction the ball rolled down in has now been singled out from other directions [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneously_broken_symmetry].

Here, the meaning appears to be that the equilibrium of the twinned professors is broken; Werfner is in London, where he "should not be" (Renfrew's territory); a historical stasis has been broken; this must mean something. Perhaps a foreshadowing of the collapse of the Great Power "symmetry" of 1814 to 1914.

Not spontaneous symmetry broken, just plain broken symmetry. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_537|page 537:broken symmetries]].

==Page 684==

'''da capo''' 
Musical direction. Italian: (repeat) from the top.

'''Spitalfields''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitalfields Spitalfields] is an area in Tower Hamlets, in the East End of London, near to Liverpool Station and Brick Lane.

'''Brick Lane''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick_Lane Brick Lane] is a street in the East End of London. the street is paved with bricks and the area was known in earlier times fo brick and tile manfacture.

'''Stepney''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepney Stepney] is an inner-city district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets as Spitalfields.

==Page 685==

'''[D.C.]''' 
[[ATD_678-694#Page_684|See ''da capo.'']]

'''''impersonating British idiots''''' 
Again and again in ''AtD'' we see the vital importance of being able to act the part of an idiot. 
Otherwise known as "twits."

'''Lew, detective realizing he is also a hired hand, has an epiphany into bilocation/doubling theme re Renfrew and Werfner.''' 
"kept separate.. [by].. two distinct kinds of light."'''p. 686 

==Page 686==
'''Dr. Otto Ghloix''' 
p. 132 & 148.

Gloix bears some resemblance to C.G. Jung, a Swiss alienist (psychotherapist) interested in paranormal phenomena (ala T.W.I.T) whose comments on fate are exactly those as presented here by Ghloix. Jung, born in 1875, would have been about 31 at the time of the novel's action.
Interestingly, Jung chose to go into this field after reading Krafft-Ebbing. Also, 1906 was the year Jung initiated contact with Freud.

Specifically Jung wrote:

''The psychological rule says that when an inner situation is not made conscious, it happens outside as fate. That is to say, when the individual remains undivided and does not become conscious of his inner opposite, the world must perforce act out the conflict and be torn into opposing halves.''

'''''beyul''''' 
Interesting article on beyuls: [http://www.khandro.net/mysterious_places.htm]

'''Pure Land''' 
Shambala but any other meanings?
Yes, Pure Land Buddhism....a faith oriented branch of Mahayana Buddhism that held that the world was in decline (entropically speaking!) and that Nirvana was getting harder and harder for common folk (the preterite) to reach. This school teaches that devotion to Amitabha brings re-birth in the Pure Land from which Nirvana is guaranteed.

==Page 687==

'''the coal of Dr. Ghloix's Corona''' 
Easier to see when people smoke in the dark. The glowing red end of his cigar.

'''a small Welsbach unit''' 
Welsbach mantle, a device for generating bright white light when heated by a flame. It is one of many inventions by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Auer_von_Welsbach Welsbach] (1858-1929), an Austrian scientist and inventor.

'''''Plafond Lumineux''''' 
French: luminous ceiling.

'''the light offered the batsmen at the end of the day''' 
Cricket term whereby the umpires give the batsmen the opportunity to cease play due to deteriorating light. Also referred to as "bad light" (cf page 691:28). This example is just about consistent with the light-in-dark examples in the remainder of the Cohen's speech. Umpires offer the light when it's too dark to play safely.

==Page 688==

'''lantern-horn''' 
"Since horn can be softened and made malleable, and be molded into various shapes, such as spoons, . . . combs . . ." In Middle Ages, [http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/horn/horn2.html horn] "was also used to make ''lantern panes'', window panes," etc.

'''we risk being divided in two . . . Atonement, in any case comes much later''' 
A superbly constructed wordplay. "Atonement" means seeking and gaining release from guilt or ostracism, but the word is constructed from "at one." So the risk of splitting in two is followed, at length, by becoming one again.

'''pinks and finks''' 
Communists and "rats" - someone who betrays his compatriots.

==Page 690==

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_%28region%29 Macedonia] is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was politically re-defined several times in the past. Nowhere in Europe are races and nationalities (Greeks, Bulgarians, Albanians, Bosniaks, Serbs, Turks, etc) so inextricably intermingled as in Macedonia. Much of the difficulty of the Macedonian problem lies in the communal antagonisms of these peoples, and in the ambitions of the neighboring Balkan States and the intrigues of the "Great Powers". Until the summer of 1878, there was no Macedonian Question because it was part of the general Balkan question. 
Russia's ambition of having access to the Mediterranean Sea and extending her influence over the Balkan Peninsula by driving the Ottoman Empire out from there led to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War,_1877%E2%80%931878 the Russo-Turkish War] (1877-1878). The war ended with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano the Treaty of San Stefano] (March 3, 1878) by which Romania, Serbia, Montenegro obtained their independence and a Russophile [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Bulgaria Greater Bulgaria] was established causing great concerns in Britain, Austria-Hungary, Germany, France and Italy. The Greater Bulgaria was then dismembered by the "Great Powers" in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin the Congress of Berlin] (June 13 - July 13, 1878) under the terms of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 the Treaty of Berlin]: Bulgaria was divided into Principality of Bulgaria, East Rumelia, and the Macedonia, which was returned to the Ottoman Empire. On September 6, 1885, however, the Bulgarians of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unification_of_Bulgaria East Rumelia unified with Bulgaria] making Bulgaria the largest state in the Balkans then, much to the annoyance of Serbia and Greece, and the anger of Russia. Now, the stage was set for the appearance of [http://www.mak-truth.com/fe_mqest.htm the Macedonia Question]: with all the Slavs living in Macedonia but under the Turkish rule providing a new focus point for the century-old Balkan rivalries to explode in various forms. 
[http://en.wikipedia.rog/wiki/Serbo-Bulgarian_War A two-week war] (November 14-28, 1885) was fought between Serbia and Bulgaria right after the Bulgaria's Unification. These two countries had their different ambitions for Macedonia which led to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars two Balkan Wars] in 1912-1913 involving other Balkan countries. And then World War I, World War II, War in Slovenia (1991), Croatian War of Independence (1991-1995), Bosnia War (1992-1995), Kosovo War (1999), Southern Serbia Conflict (2001) and Macedonia Conflict (2001), and up to present day. The question of Kosovo's independence is still not solved as of 2007 and prospect of violence there is highly likely.

'''Sofia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia Sofia] is the capital of Bulgaria, located in the western part of the country.

'''Balkan Range''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Mountains Balkan Mountain Range] runs 340 miles from Eastern Serbia eastward through Central Bulgaria onto the Black Sea.

'''Sredna Gora''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredna_Gora Sredna Gora] is a mountain range in Central Bulgaria.

'''''das Interdikt''''' 
Prof Werfner's name for a 200-mile long, from Sofia to the Black Sea, phosgene (poison gas) line.

'''irreversible, pitiless''' 
Definition of a Doomsday Machine. See ''Dr. Strangelove'' and too many other authorities to count.

'''Charlottenburg''' 
District of Berlin, west and south of the city center. Woods, a castle.

Charlottenburg was an independent city until 1920. As a symbol of power and authority, Charlottenburg here refers to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlottenburg_Palace Charlottenburg Palace] (now a museum) in that city.

'''Fenner's''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenner's Fenner's] is the cricket ground of the University of Cambridge. It has hosted first-class cricket matches since 1848, and many world-class players appeared there.

'''I.Z.''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Zingari I Zingari] is an English amateur cricket club which was formed on July 4 1845. The name was from the Italian for "the gypsies".

'''the Gentleman Bomber''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_236|page 236: The Gentleman Bomber of Headingly]]

==Page 691==

'''the match, which I Zingari, beginning on a rather damp pitch, eventually won by eight wickets''' 
A mistake. A cricket team batting first cannot win by eight wickets, or any number of wickets. If say IZ scored 200 runs and their opponents were all out for 150 (ten wickets have to fall), then they won by 50 runs. If IZ scored 200, and their opponents scored 201 for two wickets (two batsmen out), they would have won by eight wickets. A sign of Pynchon's insecurity over the complexities of the game, though there are some excellent jokes elsewhere: see pages 965-966.

'''Cheapside''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_234|page 234: Cheapside]]

'''Dr. Coombs De Bottle''' 
Cf Page 234.

'''carbonyl chloride''' 
Phosgene, a poison gas used in World War I, Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_236|page 236: Phosgene]].

'''the Jameson Raid''' 
Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page_146|page 146: Dr. Jim's little adventure]].

==Page 692==
'''"No one seemed to be in charge"''' 
The non-violent situation and meaning of anarchism. Things still worked and Lew on the next page felt free, released from a "contract", the social, political contract?

==Page 693==
'''scabland''' 
An elevated area of barren rocky land with little or no soil cover, often crossed by dry stream channels. Often used in the plural.

==References==
<references/>

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 678-694

2007-06-17T21:04:37Z

Cal: /* Page 685 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 678==

'''''Whitechapel . . . Ripping . . .'' murders of the late '80s''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitechapel Whitechapel] is an inner city district east of Charing Cross, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.
The heart of the district is Whitechapel Road itself, named for a small chapel of ease dedicated to St. Mary. In Victorian era Whitechapel area was full of poor English country stock which was swelled by large number of immigrants. This endemic poverty drove many women to prostitution. Such prostitutes were the victims of the serial killer known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper Jack the Ripper] who terrorised this part of London in the autumn of 1888.

'''''Piggott's''''' 
???

'''the Strand''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.ord/wiki/Strand,_London The Strand] is the popular name of a street in London called ''Strand''. It derives its name from the Old English "shore" or "river bank". It currently starts at Trafalgar Square and runs east to join Fleet Street at Temple Bar. There are many prominent buildings, churches, and palaces along the street.

'''exhibiting that sinister British craving for the dark and shiny...''' 
Perhaps an Orwellian reference here:

:'It's this bloody thing that does it,' she said, ripping off the scarlet sash of the Junior Anti-Sex League and flinging it on to a bough. Then, as though touching her waist had reminded her of something, she felt in the pocket of her overalls and produced a small slab of chocolate. She broke it in half and gave one of the pieces to Winston. Even before he had taken it he knew by the smell that it was very unusual chocolate. '''It was dark and shiny''', and was wrapped in silver paper.<ref>''1984'', George Orwell, 1948, Ch. X</ref>

The whole paragraph also recalls the Velvet Underground Song ''Venus in Furs'' [http://www.lyricsdomain.com/22/velvet_underground/shiny_shiny_shiny_boots_of_leather.html Lyrics], a hymn of the SM/Fetish-scene: "dark and shiny... patent boots... [http://www.lorraineelement.com/links.htm mackintoshes]..." reads like catchwords from the covers of [http://www.atomage.co.uk/index.html Atomage Magazine], whose editor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sutcliffe_%28designer%29 John Sutcliffe], btw, did the costumes for the TV-Series [http://dissolute.com.au/avweb/fashion1.html The Avengers].

'''...students of the chimpanzee...''' 
A stretch? According to a paper done by Arthur W. Epstein (1987), (male) chimpanzees and other primates might develop a fetish: "The endowing of an object with ... [erotic associations] has been noted in a zoo-dwelling chimpanzee ... who displayed sexual arousal toward one specific object, a rubber boot.... The chimpanzee quickly approached, gazed at the boot and handled it. The penis became erect and was touched to the boot. Shortly thereafter, manual self-stimulation and ejaculation occurred. The ejaculate was then consumed. This response was said to be invariable and occurred whether the boot was worn by a keeper or simply placed in the cage. (pp. 143-144)" [http://www.scottsdalecc.edu/ricker/psy101/readings/Section_3/3-1.html source]
:To me, the text implies the chimpanzee likes all the bright and shiny stuff, not that it has any neurotic fetishes...see list down to albedo. The experts in 'erotic neuropathy' see what 'students of the chmpanzee' know. [User: MKOHUT, February 4, 2007]

'''marcasite''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcasite Wikipedia]

Marcasite, in keeping with the idea of bilocations and doubles, is also a ''twinned'' mineral, it's opposing pair being pyrite (fool's gold), much as diamonds are twinned with graphite.
[http://www.galleries.com/minerals/sulfides/marcasit/marcasit.htm]

'''queasy albedo''' 
Albedo is the ratio of reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation power. It is a unitless measure indicative of a surface's or body's reflectivity. The word is derived from albus, a Latin word for "white".

'''streetlighting... luminous equivalent of a ...shriek''' 
Thematic. 

Whitechapel and white color theme all over.

'''buskers''' 
persons who entertain in a public place for donations.

'''Duke of Cumberland's Theatre''' 
Queen Victoria's uncle Ernest Augustus was the Duke of Cumberland; [[ATD_219-242#Page_230|see annotation to page 230.]] A real theater?

==Page 679==

'''co-tenant of Tarot Card XV...Renfrew 
Werfner is other co-tenant surely. 
Card XV is the Devil.

'''K. & K. Landwehr''' 
German. ''K. und K.'' or ''K-K'', Kaiserlich-Königlich, Imperial and Royal. ''Landwehr,'' a section of the "joint" Austro-Hungarian Army over which only the Austrian (as disctinct from Austro-Hungarian) government had authority.

'''''slightly more mineral''''' 
cf Frank's "mineral condition", [[ATD_374-396#Page_395|page 395]].

'''Jack the Ripper''' 
The serial killer in Whitechapel district of London in 1888. Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_678|page 678:''Whitechapel . . . Ripping . . . murders'']].

==Page 680==

'''"including the blood everyone's come for"''' 
The audience at a musical about Jack the Ripper 'comes for blood'? Revenge
motivations even here? Notice response of other audience member...

'''''Sowieso''''' 
German: anyway.

'''Piccadilly Circus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piccadilly_Circus Piccadilly Circus], a circular open space at a street junction, is a famous traffic intersection and public space at the heart of West End, London. It links to several well-known theathres and is close to major shopping areas in a central location. Its memorial fountain status itself is a major tourist attraction.

==Page 681==

'''the tragedy at Mayerling''' 
The deaths of the Austrian Crown Prince, [[ATD_26-56#Page_45|Archduke Rudolf, and his girlfriend, Baroness Mary Vetsera,]] at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mayerling_Incident Mayerling] hunting lodge in Lower Austria on January 30, 1889. Austrian officials regarded it as an act of a suicide pact but many others believed an international conspiracy of murder.

'''old F.F.''' 
Franz Ferdinand. ([[ATD_26-56#Page_45|See annotation to p. 45: Francis Ferdinand]]).

'''''Liebestod''''' 
German: love-death. Denotes in particular the climactic scene in Wagner's opera ''Tristan und Isolde,'' but here means the fatal end of an affair. And Rudolf's unfortunate love-death led to Austria's death-love thru Ferdinand!?

'''''Fachsimpelei''''' 
German: shop talk.

'''the Triple Alliance''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Alliance_(1882) The treaty] by which Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy pledged on May 20, 1882, to support each others militarily in the event of an attack against any of them by two or more great powers.

'''''Ach, die Vetsera''''' 
German: ah, the Vetsera. Baroness Mary Vetsera was the mistress of Crown Prince Rudolf. In 1889 both were found dead at the Mayerling hunting lodge.

'''''cherchons la femme''''' 
French: let us seek the woman. The phrase usually means to look for the woman who has set events in motion; here it's used ironically to mean that focusing on the search for the woman will mask any questions about Rudolf and his father.

'''[Pynchon thru]Khautsch links the first famous serial killer in history, Jack the Ripper, with the assassination of Crown Prince Rudolf--he could have been at Mayerling!--and the serial genocidal killings of Austria? "Railway depot...gates disposed radially in all directions"...p.683 "lives by the trainload"...
The implication, though, is that all of those thousands of potential murderers were, in fact, the one true murderer--that each of the victims was killed by an unspecified but potentially enormous number of killers, simultaneously...

:serial genocidal killings of Austria ?

==Page 682==

'''Trafalgar Square''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafalgar_Square Trafalgar Square] is a square in London that commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar (October 21, 1805) in which the British Navy of 27 ships soundly defeated the French and Spanish combined fleet of 33 ships west of Cape Trafalgar in south-west Spain. The square, a popular site for political demonstrations, is the location of Nelson's Column.

'''the "Boston"''' 
A dance somewhat like the waltz.

'''pentatonic''' 
A scale with five notes per octave. C-D-E-G-A(-C) or A-C-D-E-G(-A), for example. Western listeners sense this as an "Oriental" scale—Ravel used it in the "Empress of the Pagodas" movement of his ''Mother Goose'' Suite—but it occurs much more widely ("Loch Lomond").

==Page 683==

'''Franz Josef''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria Franz Josef] (1830-1916), Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1848 to 1916. His 68-year reign is the third-longest in the recorded history of Europe.

'''the Belvedere''' 
The Belvedere Palace, Vienna, comprises two magnificent baroque mansions facing each other across a sloping formal garden. Prince Eugene of Savoy, whose campaigns against the Turks enabled the Habsburg Emprie to reclaim Hungary, purchased some land beyond Vienna's city walls in 1693, upon which he ordered a park with elaborate water features and fountains to be built. In 1714 the Prince had the lower Belvedere built and in 1721 the upper one. The Palace now is open to public tours. See [http://www.freefoto.com/browse.jsp?id=02-07-3 Belvedere Pictures].

'''Prince Eugene of Savoy''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Eugene_of_Savoy Prince Eugene of Savoy] (1663-1736) was the greatest general to serve the Habsburgs.

'''Ballhausplatz''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballhausplatz Ballhausplatz] is a square in central Vienna containing the building that over 200 years has been the official residence of the State Chancellor. As a result, ''Ballhausplatz'' is often used as shorthand for the Austrian Chancellery

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618:the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Wilhelmstrasse''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_496|page 496:Wilhelmstrasse]].

'''''gemütlicher alter Junge''''' 
German: good old boy.

'''a man who is standing ''where he should not be''.''' 
This ominous sentence could be applied to the likes of GWB and those shady charcters who allegedly stood on the grassy knoll (among others).

'''some symmetry was being broken''' 
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in physics takes place when a system that is symmetric with respect to some symmetry group goes into a vacuum state that is not symmetric. At this point the system no longer appears to behave in a symmetric manner. A common example to help explain this phenomenon is a ball sitting on top of a hill. This ball is in a completely symmetric state. However, it is not a stable one: the ball can easily roll down the hill. At some point, the ball will spontaneously roll down the hill in one direction or another. The symmetry has been broken because the direction the ball rolled down in has now been singled out from other directions [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneously_broken_symmetry].

Here, the meaning appears to be that the equilibrium of the twinned professors is broken; Werfner is in London, where he "should not be" (Renfrew's territory); a historical stasis has been broken; this must mean something. Perhaps a foreshadowing of the collapse of the Great Power "symmetry" of 1814 to 1914.

Not spontaneous symmetry broken, just plain broken symmetry. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_537|page 537:broken symmetries]].

==Page 684==

'''da capo''' 
Musical direction. Italian: (repeat) from the top.

'''Spitalfields''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitalfields Spitalfields] is an area in Tower Hamlets, in the East End of London, near to Liverpool Station and Brick Lane.

'''Brick Lane''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick_Lane Brick Lane] is a street in the East End of London. the street is paved with bricks and the area was known in earlier times fo brick and tile manfacture.

'''Stepney''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepney Stepney] is an inner-city district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets as Spitalfields.

==Page 685==

'''[D.C.]''' 
[[ATD_678-694#Page_684|See ''da capo.'']]

'''''impersonating British idiots''''' 
Again and again in ''AtD'' we see the vital importance of being able to act the part of an idiot. 
Otherwise known as "twits."

'''Lew, detective realizing he is also a hired hand, has an epiphany into bilocation/doubling theme re Renfrew and Werfner.''' 
"kept separate.. [by].. two distinct kinds of light."'''p. 686 

==Page 686==
'''Dr. Otto Ghloix''' 
p. 132 & 148.

Gloix bears some resemblance to C.G. Jung, a Swiss alienist (psychotherapist) interested in paranormal phenomena (ala T.W.I.T) whose comments on fate are exactly those as presented here by Ghloix. Jung, born in 1875, would have been about 31 at the time of the novel's action.
Interestingly, Jung chose to go into this field after reading Krafft-Ebbing. Also, 1906 was the year Jung initiated contact with Freud.

Specifically Jung wrote:

''The psychological rule says that when an inner situation is not made conscious, it happens outside as fate. That is to say, when the individual remains undivided and does not become conscious of his inner opposite, the world must perforce act out the conflict and be torn into opposing halves.''

'''''beyul''''' 
Interesting article on beyuls: [http://www.khandro.net/mysterious_places.htm]

'''Pure Land''' 
Shambala but any other meanings?
Yes, Pure Land Buddhism....a faith oriented branch of Mahayana Buddhism that held that the world was in decline (entropically speaking!) and that Nirvana was getting harder and harder for common folk (the preterite) to reach. This school teaches that devotion to Amitabha brings re-birth in the Pure Land from which Nirvana is guaranteed.

==Page 687==

'''the coal of Dr. Ghloix's Corona''' 
Easier to see when people smoke in the dark. The glowing red end of his cigar.

'''a small Welsbach unit''' 
Welsbach mantle, a device for generating bright white light when heated by a flame. It is one of many inventions by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Auer_von_Welsbach Welsbach] (1858-1929), an Austrian scientist and inventor.

'''''Plafond Lumineux''''' 
French: luminous ceiling.

'''the light offered the batsmen at the end of the day''' 
Cricket term whereby the umpires give the batsmen the opportunity to cease play due to deteriorating light. Also referred to as "bad light" (cf page 691:28). This example is just about consistent with the light-in-dark examples in the remainder of the Cohen's speech. Umpires offer the light when it's too dark to play safely.

==Page 688==

'''lantern-horn''' 
"Since horn can be softened and made malleable, and be molded into various shapes, such as spoons, . . . combs . . ." In Middle Ages, [http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/horn/horn2.html horn] "was also used to make ''lantern panes'', window panes," etc.

'''we risk being divided in two . . . Atonement, in any case comes much later''' 
A superbly constructed wordplay. "Atonement" means seeking and gaining release from guilt or ostracism, but the word is constructed from "at one." So the risk of splitting in two is followed, at length, by becoming one again.

==Page 690==

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_%28region%29 Macedonia] is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was politically re-defined several times in the past. Nowhere in Europe are races and nationalities (Greeks, Bulgarians, Albanians, Bosniaks, Serbs, Turks, etc) so inextricably intermingled as in Macedonia. Much of the difficulty of the Macedonian problem lies in the communal antagonisms of these peoples, and in the ambitions of the neighboring Balkan States and the intrigues of the "Great Powers". Until the summer of 1878, there was no Macedonian Question because it was part of the general Balkan question. 
Russia's ambition of having access to the Mediterranean Sea and extending her influence over the Balkan Peninsula by driving the Ottoman Empire out from there led to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War,_1877%E2%80%931878 the Russo-Turkish War] (1877-1878). The war ended with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano the Treaty of San Stefano] (March 3, 1878) by which Romania, Serbia, Montenegro obtained their independence and a Russophile [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Bulgaria Greater Bulgaria] was established causing great concerns in Britain, Austria-Hungary, Germany, France and Italy. The Greater Bulgaria was then dismembered by the "Great Powers" in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin the Congress of Berlin] (June 13 - July 13, 1878) under the terms of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 the Treaty of Berlin]: Bulgaria was divided into Principality of Bulgaria, East Rumelia, and the Macedonia, which was returned to the Ottoman Empire. On September 6, 1885, however, the Bulgarians of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unification_of_Bulgaria East Rumelia unified with Bulgaria] making Bulgaria the largest state in the Balkans then, much to the annoyance of Serbia and Greece, and the anger of Russia. Now, the stage was set for the appearance of [http://www.mak-truth.com/fe_mqest.htm the Macedonia Question]: with all the Slavs living in Macedonia but under the Turkish rule providing a new focus point for the century-old Balkan rivalries to explode in various forms. 
[http://en.wikipedia.rog/wiki/Serbo-Bulgarian_War A two-week war] (November 14-28, 1885) was fought between Serbia and Bulgaria right after the Bulgaria's Unification. These two countries had their different ambitions for Macedonia which led to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars two Balkan Wars] in 1912-1913 involving other Balkan countries. And then World War I, World War II, War in Slovenia (1991), Croatian War of Independence (1991-1995), Bosnia War (1992-1995), Kosovo War (1999), Southern Serbia Conflict (2001) and Macedonia Conflict (2001), and up to present day. The question of Kosovo's independence is still not solved as of 2007 and prospect of violence there is highly likely.

'''Sofia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia Sofia] is the capital of Bulgaria, located in the western part of the country.

'''Balkan Range''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Mountains Balkan Mountain Range] runs 340 miles from Eastern Serbia eastward through Central Bulgaria onto the Black Sea.

'''Sredna Gora''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredna_Gora Sredna Gora] is a mountain range in Central Bulgaria.

'''''das Interdikt''''' 
Prof Werfner's name for a 200-mile long, from Sofia to the Black Sea, phosgene (poison gas) line.

'''irreversible, pitiless''' 
Definition of a Doomsday Machine. See ''Dr. Strangelove'' and too many other authorities to count.

'''Charlottenburg''' 
District of Berlin, west and south of the city center. Woods, a castle.

Charlottenburg was an independent city until 1920. As a symbol of power and authority, Charlottenburg here refers to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlottenburg_Palace Charlottenburg Palace] (now a museum) in that city.

'''Fenner's''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenner's Fenner's] is the cricket ground of the University of Cambridge. It has hosted first-class cricket matches since 1848, and many world-class players appeared there.

'''I.Z.''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Zingari I Zingari] is an English amateur cricket club which was formed on July 4 1845. The name was from the Italian for "the gypsies".

'''the Gentleman Bomber''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_236|page 236: The Gentleman Bomber of Headingly]]

==Page 691==

'''the match, which I Zingari, beginning on a rather damp pitch, eventually won by eight wickets''' 
A mistake. A cricket team batting first cannot win by eight wickets, or any number of wickets. If say IZ scored 200 runs and their opponents were all out for 150 (ten wickets have to fall), then they won by 50 runs. If IZ scored 200, and their opponents scored 201 for two wickets (two batsmen out), they would have won by eight wickets. A sign of Pynchon's insecurity over the complexities of the game, though there are some excellent jokes elsewhere: see pages 965-966.

'''Cheapside''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_234|page 234: Cheapside]]

'''Dr. Coombs De Bottle''' 
Cf Page 234.

'''carbonyl chloride''' 
Phosgene, a poison gas used in World War I, Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_236|page 236: Phosgene]].

'''the Jameson Raid''' 
Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page_146|page 146: Dr. Jim's little adventure]].

==Page 692==
'''"No one seemed to be in charge"''' 
The non-violent situation and meaning of anarchism. Things still worked and Lew on the next page felt free, released from a "contract", the social, political contract?

==Page 693==
'''scabland''' 
An elevated area of barren rocky land with little or no soil cover, often crossed by dry stream channels. Often used in the plural.

==References==
<references/>

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 615-643

2007-06-17T20:30:36Z

Cal: /* Page 638 */ Cowboy Coffee

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 615==

'''''Kreditbrief''''' 
German: letter of credit.

==Page 616==

'''Auditorienhaus''' 
Building housing auditoriums (and in this case a library).

'''Riemann's ''Habilitationsschrift''''' 
In Germany a new faculty member presents a lecture or, in this case, a thesis on taking up office. 
Riemann's lecture, ''On the Hypotheses that Lie at the Foundation of Geometry'', delivered on June 10, 1854. It became a classic of mathematics.

'''the 1859 paper on primes''' 
In August 1859 Riemann presented a paper, ''On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity'', to the Berlin Academy of Science. In the middle of that paper he made what later was called the ''Reimann Hypothesis'' (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:conjecture]]). Today, after nearly 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, it remains unproved.

'''''Achphänomen''''' 
German: the "aha" phenomenon.

'''''Tchetvyortoye Izmereniye''''' 
Today more likely transliterated ''Chetvertoe izmerenie.'' Russian: (the) fourth dimension.

'''''"Yob tvoyu mat'"''''' 
Russian: Fuck your mother. It's as impolite as it looks, but used way more often than in English.

'''Otzovists''' 
A splinter Bolshevik faction. The name comes from the noun ''otzyv'' meaning "recall"; it does not mean "god-builders." The group (existing under this name only in 1908-9) demanded the recall of Social Democrats from the national legislature.

'''Lenin''' 
[http://www.bartleby.com/65/le/Lenin-Vl.html Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov aka Lenin] (1870-1924), Russian revolutionary and founder of Bolshevism and the major force behind the October Revolution, 1917. He studied law at Kazan University but only practiced law for a couple of years before becoming a professional revolutionary. He was arrested in 1895 for his opinions and activities, and was exiled to Siberia in 1897 for three years. At the end of his exile he went to Switzerland in 1900 and became the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1903, and returned to Russia in 1905 during the 1905 Revolution. He left Russia in 1907 and only returned in April, 1917 with Germany's connivance. Lenin inauguraed the ''dictatorship of the proletariat'' after the October Revolution. He died on January 21, 1924 and became the demi-god of the Soviet Union. According to ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'' (1988) Lenin was "shrewd, dynamic, im[placable, pedantic, opportunist, as ice-cold in his economic reasoning as in his impersonal political hatreds that could encompass millions. . . . He inspired in the name of democracy a despotism boundless in the power of its ambition and sense of destiny.''

'''Bolshevists''' 
Commonly called ''Bolsheviks''. At the Second Congress of the Russia's Social Democratic Labor Party in August, 1903 there was a dispute between Lenin and Martov, two of the party's leaders. Lenin argued for a small party of highly disciplined, centralized and dedicated professional revolutionary elites with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters. Martov disagreed believing it was better to have a mass party of activists. At the end of the debate Lenin won a narrow victory: 28 to 23 (the only time in the party history up to then Lenin had a majority behind him). From then on, the Party was split into Lenin's faction called themselves ''Bolsheviks'' (majority) and Martov's faction known as ''Mensheviks'' (minority). The split became permanent as both groups's policy and practice diverged more and more. In 1912, Lenin's Bolsheviks faction formed a separate Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) which in 1918, after they came to power, changed its name to All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). It finnaly became Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1952 which was dissolved in 1991.

'''anti-Materialist''' 
Marxism belongs to the materialist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism] strain of the Western philosophical tradition, stating that the only objective reality is matter. The orthodox Marxist doctrine is divided into historical materialism (which claims that changes of society and even the non-material "superstructure" are determined by economical processes, and thus materially caused); and dialectical materialism, proposed by Engels and then Lenin, which is basically a philosophy of nature combined with a rather crude gnoseology. The latter maintains that matter is the only substance and it is inherently and objectively dialectical in nature, i.e. it is in constant development due to the interactions of conflicting forces on all levels. An anti-Materialist (like Mach, who was denounced as a "subjective Idealist") is one who is against such belief.

'''Mach''' 
Austrian physcist and philosopher. A strong critic of Newtonian absolute time and absolute space. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:Ernst Mach]] (1838-1916). He was the target of Lenin's attack in his best-known attempt to create a Marxist philosophy (in the technical sense), ''Materialism and Empiriocriticism''.

'''Ouspensky''' 
Russian mystic and author of ''The Fourth Dimension''. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 602|page 602:Young Ouspensky]] (1878-1947).

==Page 617==

'''above this galley-slave repetition of days''' 
ATD motif i.e. rebel against the quotidian day.

'''the already seen''' 
. . . which we know better under the French term ''déjà vu.''

'''Staring at the wallpaper.''' 
A parallel to Kovalevskaya, whose father used Ostrogradsky notes to cover
the walls. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaia wiki].

'''''i, j,'' and ''k'', the unit vectors''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526:Gibbsian Vectors]].

==Page 618==

'''''Schnitte''''' 
Plural of ''Schnitt.'' German: cuts.

'''multiply-connected spaces''' 
In topology, geometrical objects or spaces are connected but not simply connected are called multiply-connected spaces. In mathematics, a geometrical object or space is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply-connected simply connected] if it consists of one piece and doesn't have any "holes" that pass all the way through it. For example, neither a doughout nor a coffee cup with handle is simply connected, and so both are [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MultiplyConnected.html multiply connected]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply_connected Also see Wikipedia] for a fine, relatively nontechnical explanation. Sea-ice and Venice were described as multiply connected spaces on [[ATD_119-148#Page_136|p. 136.]]

''''vector space'''' 
In mathematics, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space vector space] is a collection of objects, vectors, that may be scaled and added.

'''space of higher dimensionality''' 
Hypersphere. A four-dimensional hypersphere is currently considered the possible shape of our universe. (A 4-D hypersphere is to a 3-D sphere, what a 3-D sphere is to a circle.) In mathematics, [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hypersphere.html Hypersphere] can be n-dimensional with n = 4 and greater. Also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersphere Hypersphere of Wiki Entry].

'''''nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing, "it doesn't matter".

'''if it doesn't work with gold, the next step will be lead''' 
Cowboy alchemy. If you can't settle your dispute with money, you will have to shoot it out. There's a reference to this process on page 105.

'''it's this damned English practice of talking in code''' 
Refers to commonly noted English cultural tendency to avoid direct expression in conversation.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
The Britain and Russia settled a number of differences in Asia. And with both countries concerned about Germany but friendly with France they concluded the Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg. It defined their respective spheres of interest in Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet, with Russia taking the northern areas of Persia and Britain taking the Persian Guld area in the south. Its primary aim was to keep Germany out of that region.

==Page 619==

'''''Bierstube''''' 
German: tavern, beer hall.

==Page 620==

'''''akousmaton''''' 
In ''AtD'' the plural ''akousmata'' occurs more often. [[A|Look it up in the alphabetical "A" page.]]

'''eidolon''' 
From Greek: image, picture.

'''minié ball''' 
Rifle bullet with a conical head used in muzzle-loading firearms. [[ATD_97-118#Page_101|See the fuller annotation on p. 101.]]

'''Zirconium''' 
a steel-gray hard ductile metallic element with a high melting point that occurs widely in combined form, is highly resistant to corrosion, and is used especially in alloys and in refractories and ceramics.

'''galena''' 
a bluish-gray cubic mineral with metallic luster consisting of lead sulfide and constituting the principal ore of lead.

==Page 621==

'''Reckon ''yo tengo que'' get ''el'' fuck out of ''aquí''''' 
Macaronic Spanish/English: Reckon I'd better get the fuck out of here. 
Kit said the same thing when he decided to leave Yale (page 318).

'''''Zum Mickifest! Komm, komm!''''' 
German: To the Mickey party, come, come! "Mickey Finn" = knockout drops such as chloral hydrate (see any film noir).

'''''K.O.-Tropfen''''' 
German: K.O. (= knockout) drops.

==Page 622==

'''Group-theoretical implications''' 
Introductions to group theory often use "symmetry under rotation" as an illustration. You can rotate a square 90 degrees and get the same square, and likewise 180 and 270 degrees, so the square has fourfold symmetry. Here Gottlob applies a similar concept to the printed words ''pun'' and ''und,'' which alternate with every 180 degree rotation.

'''rhonchus''' 
a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partly obstructed.

'''''Gottlob! Wo ist deine Spritze?''''' 
German: Gottlob, where is your syringe?

'''''"Streng reserviert für den Elefanten!"''''' 
German: Strictly reserved for the elephant (not elephants).

==Page 623==

'''strychnine''' 
a bitter poisonous alkaloid that is obtained from ''nux vomica'' and related plants, and is used as a poison (as for rodents) and medicinally as a stimulant of the central nervous system.

'''Noncommutative . . . Asymmetric''' 
A relation like "cures" is ''commutative'' if "A cures B" implies that "B cures A" and vice versa. Here the situation is fuzzier because a total cure is not at issue: "Chloral alleviates the effects of strychnine" and "Strychnine alleviates the effects of chloral" are both true, so ''noncommutative'' doesn't quite apply, but one is more true than the other, so ''asymmetric'' is a better choice of word.

'''''Verfluchte cowboy!''''' 
German: Damn cowboy! (should be ''Verfluchter Cowboy'')

'''''Achtung, Schwester!''''' 
German: Hey, Nurse!

'''''Klapsmühle''''' 
German: nut factory. (''Er hat einen Klaps'' means "He's nutty"; ''Mühle'' is a mill.)

'''one of his canonical outfits''' 
"Canonicals" is a term for priestly vestments. 
But also, in the psychology of perception, means 'typical' or 'most easily recognised as'

'''Dr. Willi Dingkopf''' 
German: Thinghead. Possibly, given other meanings of "thing", Dickhead.

==Page 624==

'''''Hebraic''''' 
Jewish.

'''you are not ''also Hebraic''''' 
Anti-Semetic Dingkopf considered Kit Jewish by his name ''Traverse''.

'''Jew Cantor, the ''Beast of Halle'', . . . to demolish the very foundations of mathermatics''' 
Greg Cantor (1845-1918) taught mathematics at University of Halle from 1869-1918. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 593|page 593:Greg Cantor]]). He indtroduced the concepts of infinity and continuum into mathematics and thus brought about one of mathematical crises mentioned on page 594. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]]). 
Dingkopf regarded Greg Cantor Jewish by his name ''Cantor''.

==Page 625==

'''"Cantor is a practicing Lutheran." "With a name like that? Please." 
Dingkopf hears the name and obsessively thinks of the many Polish Jewish families that bear it. But the connection is not as strong as he surmises: The church of St. Thomas (Thomaskirche) in Leipzig had a staff member called Cantor or Kantor, and noted practicing Lutheran Johann Sebastian Bach held the position in his prime years. Cantor/Lutheran is not an absurdity.

'''"Dr Hilbert . . ." "Dr. . . . ''David'' Hilbert"''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page324:David Hilbet]] (1862-1943), a German mathematician. Again, Dingkopf regarded him as Jewish because of his name, ''David''.

'''''Kolonie''''' 
German: colony, compound.

'''Invisibilism''' 
The principles of this (apparently) fictional school of design bring to mind Buckminster Fuller's concept of '''ephemeralization''', which notes that as design and technology improve -- "the more ''rationally'' a structure was designed" -- the more that can be done with less, process waste converges toward zero and things become physically smaller, "less visible...to the point" -- the "Penultimate Term" -- of being all but invisible. A simple example, the telephone cord is quickly disappearing as we go to cordless phones, and transistors "grow" smaller and smaller as a corollary to Moore's law. The principle of ephemeralization can be applied to design, construction, transportation, computer and other technologies and tools.

'''into its own metastructure''' 
A German SAP engineer once explained "we control complexity through abstraction."

'''one is left with only traces in the world, a few tangles of barbed wire''' 
The Invisibilist principles are paramorphosized into a future of kolonies where only the barbed wire outlines are visible. Within the context of antisemitism in the preceding paragraphs, the text is moving from kolonies to concentration camps, concentration camps empty perhaps except for the traces of consciousness remaining, outlined in barbed wire, the plan-view of, not the Penultimate Term, but the Final Solution.

'''certain odors''' 
cf. p. 408
This has less to do with Proust and involutary memory than with "perhaps certain ''odors''[Italicized in the original] steming from a few tangles of barbed wire upwind, a wind "which itself possesses now the same index of refracton as the departed Structure..." As is explained to Kit by someone in a guard's uniform who may not actually be a guard. That certain odor seems to be the odor of smoke from the ovens.

'''refraction index''' 
Among other things a refraction index can be used to measure concentration (camps) and confirm purity (ethnic).

'''someone . . . whom Kit . . . assumed was a guard''' 
Error in grammar by Pynchon or, more charitably, introduced by a copy editor. Punctuating as ''someone who/whom (Kit assumed) was a guard'' makes the choice of pronoun clearer. Alternatively: did Kit assume someone? No, he assumed a proposition about someone: ''someone was a guard.'' When the subject of that is transformed to "who/whom" for the purpose of linking it into the sentence, it remains the subject: ''who was a guard.'' 
A quibble over a fine point? Yes, but Pynchon is renowned for his fine points, and this mistake seems to put him on a level with a news intern at a third-tier TV station. So let's consider this a teaching moment: ''Copy editors, don't impose your ignorance on good writers.''

'''''So Gut Wie Neu''''' 
German: as good as new.

'''Dirigible Field''' 
The inmates' occupational therapy is a disguise for constructing this landing facility.

'''a real Dirigible''' 
The inmates have established a cargo cult [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult Wikipedia article] or a [http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/ufos.html UFO cult.]

'''Doofland''' 
German ''doof'' means comically stupid (possibly an origin of English "doofus").

'''O Tempora, O Mores''' 
Latin: Oh, the times! Oh, the customs! (Was there really music under this title?)

'''The Black Whale of Askalon''' 
"Im Schwarzen Walfisch zu Askalon," comic song. The "Black Whale" is a tavern in the ancient Persian town of Askalon. [http://www.grainger.de/music/songs/schwarzenwalfisch.html A paraphrase of the lyrics.]

==Page 626==

'''the head of Jochanaan''' 
In Strauss' opera ''Salome'' the title character asks for and receives as tribute John the Baptist's head on a platter. John in the opera is called Jochanaan.

'''Richard Strauss's opera ''Salome'' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Richard Struass]]'s one-act opera ''Salome'' was performed first time in Dresden, Germany, on December 9, 1905. It was a sensation of the year 1905. The opera was based on the French play ''Salomé'' by Oscar Wilde. The time of action: about 30 A.D.; place of action: Jerusalem . . . for the story see [http://www.music.lv/opera/Salome/default_E.htm Salome].

'''the Five Jews''' 
In the middle of the opera ''Salome'' five Jews argued concerning the nature of God.

'''''Judeamus igitur, Judenes dum su-hu-mus''''' 
German university students used to sing ''Gaudeamus igitur, juvenes dum sumus'' ("Then let us be joyful while we are young men"); the melody forms the climax of Brahms' "Academic Festival" overture. Dr. Dingkopf, the Johnny One-Note of anti-Semitism, sings in bastard Latin, "Then let us Jew while we are Jews."

'''Ich Bin Ein Berliner''' 
JFK said "Ich bin ein Berliner" at the Berlin wall in 1963. According to Wikipedia, there is an urban legend: 
<blockquote>Kennedy should have said "Ich bin Berliner" to mean "I am a person from Berlin." By adding the indefinite article ein, his statement implied he was a non-human Berliner, thus "I am a jelly doughnut". The statement was followed by uproarious laughter.</blockquote> 
However, Wikipedia goes on to state: <blockquote>There is no grammatical error in Kennedy's statement; the indefinite article does not change its meaning. In German, the statement of origin "Ich bin ein Brandenburger" (I am a Brandenburger) is more common than "Ich bin Brandenburger" (I am Brandenburger), but both are correct. The article "ein" can be used as a form of emphasis: it implies "just one of many." As Kennedy did stress the "ein", the usage was, according to German linguist Jürgen Eichhoff [1], "not only correct, but the one and only correct way of expressing in German what the President intended to say."</blockquote> 
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:51, 19 December 2006 (PST)

And Kennedy's motto drew tumultuous cheers, not laughter; the Berliners had no trouble understanding what he meant.

Maybe a Simpsons connection as well:[http://www.anvari.org/fortune/Simpsons_Subtle_Allusions/9.html]

'''''Konditerei''''' 
German: pastry shop.

'''''Puderzucker''''' 
German: powdered sugar.

==Page 628==

'''Halfcourt? what kind of a name is that?''' 
This is Dingkopf speaking, in the context of his obsession with Jewish infiltration of British society. "What kind of a name is that?" has the subtext "Is that a ''Jewish'' name?"

'''''Der Wall''''' 
In German there are at least three words for "wall": ''Wand'' (the wall of a room), ''Mauer'' (a masonry wall) and ''Wall'' (a wall of a fortification). The infamous Berlin Wall was ''die Mauer.''

In this case 'der Wall' means the rampart on which the town wall stood. After this was razed in the 18. century a path was made on top of 'der Wall' along which Yashmeen and Kit take their walk.

'''dotted quarter rest''' 
Musical notation: brief pause.

==Page 629==

'''Rheinpfalz''' 
A wine from the Rhine-Palatinate region in western Germany.

'''Deidesheimer...Herrgottsacker...Hofstück''' 
Three different wines.

'''do a bunk''' 
Flee.

==Page 630==

'''a Theosophist''' 
an adherent of theosophy professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation.

'''Sidney Reilly''' 
Sidney Reilly, aka The Ace of Spies--a real early 20th century British--and other--intelligence agent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Reilly].

'''hoosier''' 
Bumpkin; capitalized, it has a different meaning.

'''stans''' 
Countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkestan, etc.). Possible anachronism; term gained currency after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

No anachronism - in many central-asian languages (Pashtu, Dari, Farsi, etc.) '-stan' means 'land of', i.e. Afghanistan = Land of the Afghans, Nuristan = Land of Light, Frankistan = France, Germanistan = Germany, etc.

'''One Savile Row''' 
Seat of the Royal Geographical Society.

'''Kashgar''' 
Now called Kashi, a city in the extreme west of China; at the western end of the Taklimakan desert; a principal town of Chinese Turkestan. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar Kāshi (Kashgar)].

'''Auberon Halfcourt''' 
The name Auberon is derived from Oberon and related to Alberich, the dwarf in Wagner's ''Ring'' cycle. Half-court describes a reduced form of basketball. Another possible allusion (bit of a stretch, perhaps?) is to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberon_Herbert Auberon Herbert,] a British libertarian whom Benjamin Tucker described as "a true anarchist in everything but name."

==Page 631==

'''the recent Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 618|page 618:Anglio-Russian Entente]] of 1907 in which the spheres of influence in inner Asia were divided between Britain and Russia in order to keep Germany out of that region.

'''Baku and Johannesburg''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Johannesburg; Baku]].

'''One vision . . . spiritual, and the other, capitalist.''' 
Competing visions as to the significance of what lies buried beneath the sands in Central Asia. We have already seen a map that reflects [[ATD 243-272#Page 249|dual visions]] of the area. The Great Game competition shaping up in Asia is a continuation of a global 'metaphysical' conflict between materialist and integrationist tendencies.

'''lie doggo''' 
Go underground, maintain a low profile.

==Page 632==

'''Museum der Monstrositäten''' 
German: museum of monstrosities. ''Mathematical'' monstrosities.

'''motor diligence''' 
Motor taxi, as opposed to horse-drawn.

'''the Brocken''' 
The highest peak (3,750 ft) in the Harz Mountains in Germany. It is about 35 miles northeast of Göttingen. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brocken The Brocken]).

'''"An older Germany .... Deeper"''' 
Meaning pre-Christian Germany, as referenced earlier in the passage with the description 'witchlike'.

'''weapons somehow ''not yet decipherable''''' 
Rayguns.

==Page 633==

'''Knipfler...von Imbiss''' 
Neither one existed. Imbiss is German: snacks, fast food.

'''''Weierstrass Functions''''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable]].

'''''Russell's Letter''''' 
Russell's letter of June 16, 1902. (see below "Poor Frege . . .").

'''''the Set of All Sets That Are Not Members of Themselves''''' 
Russell Paradox. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 538|page 538:Bertie Russell]].

'''''parallax effect''''' 
the apparent shift of an object against a background due to a change in observer's position.

'''Poor Frege . . . about to publish his book . . .''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Frege.html Gottlob Frege] (1848-1925) was a German mathematician. He was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic putting forward the view that mathematics is reducible to logic. 
In 1893 Frege published his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 1'' in which he axiomatized arithmetic with an intuitive collection of axioms. While his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 2'' was at the printer, Frege received a letter (June 16, 1902) from Bertrand Russell in which Russell pointed out that the ''Russell Paradox'' gave a contradiction in Frege's system of axioms.

'''''Kot!''''' 
German: shit.

'''Crotona in Magna Grecia''' 
Crotona is the old Latin name of the Italian city [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotone Crotone] in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto. Ancient Crotona was long one of the most flourishing cities of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Graecia Magna Grecia] (Latin for ''Greater Greece''), the area in Southern Italy colonised by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC. Pythagoras went to Crotona at the age of 40 and most of his philosophical activities occurred there.

'''Hilbeert . . . August . . . in 1900 . . . International Congress . . . "Paris Problems" 
Paris Problems = Hilbert's Problems. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 604|page 604:the outstanding problems in mathematics]].

'''''zone of dual nature''''' 
One place that is two places: this peculiar Pynchonian form of bilocation again.

'''part "real"...part "pictorial" or let us say "fictional"''' 
Complex numbers are made up of a real number and an imaginary number (e.g "one plus the square root of negative one"), as AtD is made up of real and imaginary (fictional) parts, the effect of which (continuing into P.635) is described as "taking one beyond four dimensional environs...out into a timeless region..." This seems to be the goal of the protagonists, the author, and the reader.

==Page 634==

'''''Mengenlehre''''' 
German: set theory.

'''one is thrust . . . into a timeless region''' 
Like one of those funhouse rooms where gravity is reversed.

'''ZU DEN QUATERNIONEN''' 
German railway stations all have a big sign: ZU DEN ZÜGEN, to the trains. Here it's to the quaternions.

'''Nernst light''' 
Light from [[ATD_429-459#Page 437|page 437:Nernst Lamp]].

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 561|page 561:Brougham Bridge]].

'''complex knife''' 
"part real and part imaginary", and there is a "real" reproduction nearby. These are ''aides memoires'', inspirations--perhaps the dimensions beyond are literally located in imagination, mental spaces.

'''Sofia Kovalevskaia and . . . Weierstrass''' 
From 1870 Weierstrass was Kovalevskaia's mathematics tutor in Berlin. He gave Kovalevskaia private lessons twice a week for four years. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia]]. 
Here, as on page 500, there is a hint of romantic involvement between the teacher and the student.

'''Lebesgue''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lebesgue.html Henri Lebesgue] (1875-1941) was a French mathematician. He formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and the following year he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral.

'''"surface devoid of tangent planes"''' 
In other words, discontinuous functions. 
Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions based largely on the Riemann method of integration. However, in 1902, Lebesgue extended the concept of the area below a curve to include many ''discontinuous functions'' and thus generalised the notion of the Riemann integral and revolutionised th eintegral calculus.

'''. . . everywhere continuous and nowhere differentiable''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiabl, Weierstrass function]] and [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crsis in mathematics]].

==Page 635==

'''The Kaiser now seeks in Mexico . . . opportunities for mischief toward the U.S.''' 
Now and for years to come: America's entry into World War One was spurred in part by the Kaiser's offer to return part of the Southwest to Mexico.

'''''Rosinenkacker''''' 
German: one who shits raisins. More commonly "Korinthenkacker", insulting term for a very pedantic person.

'''a world line...never travel''' 
A world line is a tensor, a four-dimensional vector through space ''and'' time, therefore a history. Here Gunther is describing the closing off of his future possibilities. In quantum theory observation causes possible states to 'collapse' into one measured state; hence, the past observed from the present is deterministic (it has only one possible state), but the present observed from the past has many possible states until our actions cause it to collapse into one state. Our actions will then be seen to have been inevitable, a world line [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel]. Hence: "Ach, das Schiksal".

'''''Ach, das Schicksal''''' 
German: ah, fate.

'''chloral to coffee''' 
A depressant to a stimulant, antipodal (opposite) effects on neuronal function.

==Page 636==

'''Children''' 
The preceding sections are a concise, riotous, poignant summary of life at an institute of higher learning; students and to some extent faculty are, notoriously, children at play. Yashmeen, Kit and Gunther are graduating, without diplomas but going out of the hothouse atmosphere of the University into the "real world". But given the preceding 5 pages, how real is that?

'''The next time you visit...''' 
The University never looks the same after graduation; also, nothing ever does: Heraclitus' dictum that no man ever steps in the same river twice. Time (''pace'' Proust) cannot be reclaimed (even if you can find the tesseract's entrance again)because even if you go back in time, you are not the same person you were; you have been changed by experience.

'''"You know who I am."''' 
??

==Page 637==

'''caldo tlapeno''' 
Mexican chicken vegetable soup.

'''Tampico''' 
Tampico means "the place of the otters". As a city, it is Mexico's second most important commercial port along the Gulf of Mexico, is located on the southeastern tip of Tamaulipas. The State of Tamaulipas is on the northeast side of Mexico directly south of Texas; but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampico Tampico] is about 300 miles from the US border.

'''Chiapas''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas Chiapas] is a poor and largely agricultural stat in the southeast of Mexico. It is best known for its 1994 Zapatista movement.

'''"El Atildado"''' 
Spanish: the neat man. But it also suggests "the man marked with a tilde" (see page 600). When reading this passage aloud, think about how to stress the word "also" in "a gift Günther von Quassel had ''also'' been blessed with."

(In mathematical notation, the tilde "~" means "approximately" or "is proportional to," depending on country.)

==Page 638==

'''''Bohnen''''' 
German: beans

'''Maragogype''' 
As Gunther says, a variety of coffee bean, large in size, grown in Mexico and Central America [http://coffeeplus.com.au/coffees/7443.html].

'''Arbuckles''' 
Not only a brand of coffee, but a method of preparation also known as "Cowboy Coffee" similar to Turkish/Greek coffee in one boils the grounds in the water [http://www.ineedcoffee.com/02/04/cowboycoffee/]. Synonymous here with "plain old, unfancified coffee"--perhaps a swipe at 21st century coffee gourmets and at Starbucks. Another paramorphic-mirror image of the early 21st century in the early 20th. 
Cowhands expected their coffee to be ‘brown gargle”, hot, black, strong and thick enough to float a six shooter in. (see [http://www.ineedcoffee.com/02/04/cowboycoffee Cowboy Coffee])

'''''cafetalero''''' 
Perhaps as in ''pistolero''; i.e. a barrista.

'''''el otro lado''''' 
Spanish: the other side (in one sense or other).

'''bucket shop''' 
A stock swindle, in which one set of trades is reported to the customer, while the brokerage is really using the money in other, usually riskier trades ("bucketing"). A place where the public could bet on the daily motions of stock prices before 1929 and before the advent of instant stock quotes via the Internet.

Given the year, this may be related to the Panic of 1907. Steve/Ramon bought stocks on margin and when they went south he was slammed.

'''flimming''' 
???

'''''norte''''' 
north wind.

'''Plaza de Toros''' 
A bullring.

'''[S]louching away into the yellow opacity, he invited them all up to a wingding [...] that evening.''' 
Compare with T.S. Eliot's ''Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'':

<blockquote>
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes 
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening</blockquote>
[[User:Bean|remy]] 09:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

==Page 639==

'''Rio Bravo''' 
Mexican name for the river known in the US as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande Rio Grande].

'''Ramos gin fizzes''' 
The original [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/ramos-gin-fizz.html Ramos gin fizz] was invented in the 1880s by Henry C. Ramos, in his bar at Meyer's Restaurant, this is one of New Orleans' most famous drinks.

'''jungles of Tehuantepec''' 
Jungles of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec The Isthmus of Tehuantepec] in Mexico. The isthmus represents the shortest distance between the Guld of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

'''unnatural boom''' 
Another paramorphic mirroring of the 21st/20th centuries; tech stock boom/bust of ~2000.

'''Baku''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Baku]].

'''skeeters''' 
mosquitoes

'''adios ''chingamadre''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, motherfucker.

==Page 640==

'''Valkyrie''' 
In Norse mythology the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie Valkyries] are minor female deities.

'''Mondragón semiautomatics''' 
A self-loading rifle designed and patented by Mexican General Mondragón in 1896 — so it was only 10 years ago. It's magazine capacity was of 8-round or 10-round box, or later 30-round drum (for German service). For a picture of the refined 1908 model and its 1907 patent see [http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl26-e.htm Mondgragón M1908 rifle].

'''Springfield''' 
An American magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle Springfield].

'''Schnecken rigs''' 
A possible anachronism, but it is hard to be sure. The German word ''Schnecken'' in the small-arms context (''Schneckenmagazin'') refers to what's called a "cylindrical magazine" in English. The best-known weapon using this magazine is the Russian PP-19 Bison submachine gun, but the Bison is based in part on Kalashnikov technology and hence could not have been developed until after World War II. [http://88.198.24.206/invisionboard/lofiversion/index.php/t20170.html The definitive online information] on the Bison not only identifies it as using the ''Schneckenmagazin'' but also contains excellent cutaway drawings of the "helical feed" system; use your browser's search function to find the word Bison. [http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg08-e.htm This page] has a photo and specs in English. The Schnecken rig is definitely ''not'' the drum magazine used with the American Thompson submachine gun in the 1920s.

'''anti-Porfiristas''' 
Opponents of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, hence left wing. Eventually, ten years later, to become the Mexican Revolution led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

'''the Pánuco''' 
''Río Pánuco'', a river in Veracruz state, east-central Mexico. It is formed by the junction of the Moctezuma and Tamuín rivers on the San Luis Potosí-Veracruz state line, the Pánuco meanders generally east-northeastward past the town of Pánuco to the Guld of Mexico about 6 miles below Tampico.

==Page 641==

'''Mondragóns will get you through''' 
Echoes the wonderful 1970s slogan "Dope will get you through times of no money better than money will get you through times of no dope."

'''hidalgo''' 
Coin with a portrait of Miguel Hidalgo (1753 – 1811), hero of the Mexican war of independence against Spain.

'''''este . . . perdón''''' 
this . . . sorry

==Page 642==

'''La Fotinga Huasteca''' 
''Fotinga'' is Spanish: jalopy. ''Huasteca'' is a region of the Sierra Madre Oriental north of San Luis Potosí. A local equivalent to "Tijuana Taxi"?

'''''batería''''' 
Spanish: battery (collection of percussion instruments).

'''[T]hat dirty li'l back-shootin Bob Ford.''' 
Ford shot notorious outlaw Jesse James in the back on April 3, 1882; Ford himself was shotgunned to death in 1892. The event inspired one Billy Gashade to pen the verse that became the popular folk ballad "Jesse James," recorded by Pete Seeger, Bruce Springsteen, and many others. 
[[User:bnilsson|bnilsson]] 01:41, 2 January 2007 (EDT)

'''''resentimientos''''' 
resentments.

'''eight seconds . . . rodeo''' 
A bull rider must stay aboard for eight seconds to score.

'''cerverzas Bohemias''' 
Bohemias (brand) beers, a Mexican beer.

'''Cuervo Extra''' 
a kind of tequila ?

==Page 643==

'''''frontera''''' 
Spanish: frontier.

'''drygulched''' 
Ambushed, betrayed.

'''Krag-Jorgensens''' 
Repeating-bolt-action rifles designed by the Norwegians Ole Krag and Erik Jorgensen in late 19th century (1886). From 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krag-J%C3%B8rgensen Krag-Jorgensens] were used by the United States army as standard arms. And now it is a popular collector item.

'''Juárez''' 
''Ciudad Juárez'', or simply ''Juárez'', is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It stands on the Rio Grande across the border from El Paso, Texas. [http://www.juarez-mexico.com/ Juárez] is the major port of entry and trnasportation center of north central Mexico.

'''''Vaya con Dios, pendejo''''' 
Spanish: Go with God, asshole.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 748-767

2007-06-17T19:52:38Z

Cal: /* Page 761 */ Irredentism

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 749==

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia]]. or [[ATD_695-723#Page_706|page 706: Crotona]]. 

Or Croton. One of the most flourishing cities of Magna Graecia. According to Herodotus (3.131), the physicians of Croton were considered the foremost among the Greeks. Pythagoras founded his school, the Pythagoreans, at Croton circa 530 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotona Crotona].

'''Professor McTaggart''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: McTaggart]].

'''combination-room''' 
in the University of Cambridge, England, a room into which the fellows withdraw after dinner, for wine, dessert, and conversation.

'''a Nietzschean''' 
A believer in the ideas of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/

In the context of Yashmeen's letter, where being a Nietzschean is contrasted with Professor McTaggart's very optimistic vision of "an era of enlightenment and peace", Yashmeen is surely referring to Nietzsche's visionary prediction of a horrible coming century, the 20th.
["That he--Nietzsche--forsaw the advent of Hitlerism is another matter."
R.J. Hollingdale, translator of ''Thus Spake Zarathustra'', Penguin Classics, introduction, page 14]. 
McTaggart's view---he did not believe that Time existed, remember!-- was a very socially acceptable and common one especially among intellectuals of the time. Notice the word 'evolved', as Darwin's ideas spread and many thought the world would keep getting better and better; there would be no more wars ever, etc. 
H. G. Wells was such an optimist---and WW 1 devastated this belief.
[[User:MKOHUT|MKOHUT]] 11:03, 15 June 2007 (PDT)

Nietzsche's sister, in an introduction to his work [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thus_Spoke_Zarathustra ''Thus Spake Zarathustra''], said that while writing the work, Nietzsche wrote to her:

:"I have engaged a place here for three months: forsooth, I am the greatest fool to allow my courage to be sapped from me by the climate of Italy. Now and again I am troubled by the thought: WHAT NEXT? '''My 'future' is the darkest thing in the world to me''', but as there still remains a great deal for me to do, I suppose I ought rather to think of doing this than of my future, and leave the rest to THEE and the gods."<ref>Nietzsche, Friedrich, ''Thus Spake Zarathustra, A Book For All And None'', Translated by Thomas Commmon, Introduction by Mrs. Forster-Nietzsche - [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext99/spzar10.txt e-text at Project Gutenberg]</ref> (''Emphasis added'')

'''returned to thoughts'''
Perhaps another of Pynchon's masterfully subtle verbal/ideational allusions. One of Nietzsche's famous ideas is the notion of 'the eternal return'. By this he meant that the universe, if it had no Final End as
in most teleologies, and all everyone did within it, would recur and repeat endlessly. Yashmeen's earlier thoughts were now recurring, so to allude. 
One might reflect on Pynchon's view of History: does it recur cyclically?

==Page 750==

'''Ringpungpa''' 
In the 15th century, Namka Gyantsan, an aristocrat, usurped the post of Dzongpon (magistrate) of Rinpung county and changed it to a hereditary position. Called Ringpungpa in Tibetan historical books, the family gradually grew stronger and more powerful, establishing a separatist rule in Ringpung County whose influence extended into the internal section of the Phaddru regime [http://www.tibetinfor.com.cn/tibetzt-en/zxyj/03/003.doc]. The "scholar" referred to would have to be a descendent of this powerful family. Again the spiritual and temporal powers are intertwined. TRP is fond of usurpation; cf. the Tristero in [http://cl49.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''The Crying of Lot 49''].

'''''Insh'allah''''' 
Arabic term evoked by speakers to indicate hope for an aforementioned event to occur in the future. The phrase translates into English as "God willing" or "If it is God's will." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insha'Allah Wikipedia]

==Page 751==

'''Bucharest''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest Bucharest] is the capital of Romania. It is located in the southeast of the country, and an industrial and commercial center of Romania.

'''Constantza''' 
Constanţa, Romanian port on Black Sea.

'''Batumi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batumi Batumi] is a Black Sea port city in southwest Georgia. It is located about 12 mile from the Turkish border in a subtropical zone, rich in citrus fruit and tea.

'''dukhans''' 
Inns.

'''Baku''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Baku]]. This is the fifth time Baku was mentioned; previously page 168, page 441, page 631 and page 639. But this is the first time Baku itself was being described. 
Background: In 1907 Oil workers in Baku protested against working conditions, led by none other than Uncle Joe Stalin himself. On September 29, 1907, Stalin delivered a speech at the gravesite of a worker killed by hired agents of capitalists.

'''Caspian Sea''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_Sea Caspian Sea] is a saltwater lake in southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, the largest inland body of water in the world. It is bordered on the west by Azerbaijan and Russia, on the northeast and east by Kazakhstan, on the east by Turkmenistan, and on the south by Iran. In the 1960s and 1970s the level of Caspian Sea fell substantially, partly due to irrigation usage of the water. In 1980s its level began rising again at a rate of about 6 to 8 inches annually. The Caspian Sea has no outlet, but it is linked to the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, and the Black Sea by an extensive network of inland waterways, chief of which is the Volga River.

'''Bnito oil tankers''' 
In 1870s-80s Nobels Brothers (Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_444|page 444: Nobel brothers]]) dominated distribution of oil within the Russian Empire. The Rothschilds decided to take on the Nobels and in 1886 founded their own oil company: ''BNITO''. To break the Nobels' monopoly on distribution of oil, The Bnito Co. won a contract to transport Bnito oil east of the Suez Canal and developed the ''tanker'', a ship specifically designed to carry oil in storage tanks built into the hull as opposed to just placing barrels of oils in the hold. (Some historians said the exploitations of Baku's oil were how did the Nobel Brothers afford a peace prize and Rothschilds acquire their bank.)

'''Krasnovodsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenbashi%2C_Turkmenistan Krasnovodsk] is a city in Turkmenistan on the Krasnovodsk Gulf of the Caspian Sea. As the terminus of the Trans-Caspian Railroad, it is an important transportation center. In 1993 it was renamed by the president-for-life Niyazov, after his self-proclaimed tilte, ''Türkmenbasy'', Leader of all Turkmen.

'''Trans-Caspian Railroad''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Caspian_railway Trans Caspian Railroad], also called the Central Asiatic Railroad, built by the Russians in the 19th century, follows the path of the Silk Road through much of western Central Asia. It starts at the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea at Krasnovodsk and heads southeast, along the edge of the Karakum Desert.

'''Qara Qum''' 
Now more often spelled Kara Kum, a desert between Caspian Sea and Amu Darya River with the Aral Sea to the north. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakum_Desert Karakum Desert] occupies about 80% of the area of Turkmenistan with an average of one person per 2.5 sq miles. It has significant oil and natural gas deposits, and is crossed by the Trans-Caspian railroad.

'''railroad-metaphysics''' 
Notice how 'consciousness is a part of this description. And reflect on what Pynchon thinks of railroads, therefore of the phenomenology of 'railroad metaphysics'.

==Page 752==

'''The effect of rotating ninety degrees from a moving timeline, as expected, was delivery into a space containing imaginary axes...''' 
The moving train is described by a tensor, its path a vector in three dimensions plus the time dimension. Looking out from it, i.e. at ninety degrees to its direction of travel, may involve axes with complex number coordinates. In other words, looking out of a train moving through unknown territory involves one in acts of imagination, trying to fathom the lives lived in the territory one is passing through, here a very strange one for Kit (consultation of the Times Atlas shows the railroad's route is described precisely, between desert and irrigated fields, and on to the terminus), or perhaps alternate histories generated by leaving the train at any point.

'''Merv''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merv Merv] is a city in Turkmenistan. It was a major oasis-city in Central Asia on the historical Silk Road. The site of ancient Merv had been listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

'''barkhan''' 
traveling crescent-shaped sand dune.

'''footplate man''' 
Railroad crewman, one involved in the running or maintenance of the locomotive (the control cabin surface of a steam locomotive is called the footplate).

'''deadheading''' 
A crew member riding as a passenger, not actively participating in the running of the vehicle, is said to be "deadheading"; the term is still used in railroading and on the airlines. Similarly, a nonworking locomotive being towed as part of a train is a "deadhead". (Unavoidable allusion, perhaps, to the non-working followers of the Grateful Dead, as well).

'''Samarkand''' 
[http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Samarkan Samarkand] is a city in Uzbekistan on the Trans-Caspian Railroad. It is one of the oldest existing cities in the world and the oldest of Central Asia. At its greatest period it had great silk and iron industries and was the meeting point of merchants' caravans from India, Persia, and China. It still is a major cotton and silk center.

'''Namaz Premulkoff''' 
His given name is the Persian and Turkic translation of Arabic ''salah'' or ''salat'': the five daily prayers required of Muslims. How did a Muslim get a Russianized surname? Same way Kazakhstan's present ruler Nursultan Nazarbayev did, by getting his vital statistics recorded under Russian rules.
:In a heartening instance of world news following the wiki, Tajikistan's President [http://tajikistan.neweurasia.net/?p=173 Emomali Rakhmonov] announced in March 2007 that he and other Tajiks will be stripping the Slavic endings off their names. Kindly address him as President Rakhmon in all future correspondence.

==Page 753 ==

'''Charjui''' 
A city of 25,000, bordering with Uzbekistan, in Turkmenistan.

'''Amu-Darya . . . the Oxus''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_439|page 439: the Oxus]].

'''Bukhara''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhara Bukhara] lies west of Samarkand and is one of the most ancient cities of Uzbekistan. The name of Bukhara originates from the word ''vihara'' which means "monastery" in Sanskrit. The city was once a large commerical center on the Silk Road and a center of learning renowned throughout the Islamic world. It still has 350 mosques and 100 religious colleges.

'''Kagan''' 
Kagan City, ten miles outside Bukhara, Uzbekistan.

'''Khokand''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokand Khokand] is a city in eastern Uzbekistan at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley. It is about 140 miles souteast of Tashkent. It is on the crossroads of the ancient trade routes.

'''Andizhan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andijan Andizhan] is the fourth-largest city in Uzbekistan. It is located in the east of the country in the Fergana Valley near the border with Kyrgyzstan.

'''Osh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osh Osh] is an ancient city in the Fergana Valley of southern Kyrgyzstan. Osh is the second largest city in Kyrgyzstan and is often referred to as the "capital of the south".

'''Kashgar''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_630|page 630: Kashgar]].

'''the Taklamakan''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_444|page 444: Taklamakan]].

'''Stanley and Livingstone''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Livingstone David Livingstone] (1813-1873) was a Scottish missionary and explorer in central Aftica. He was the first European to see Victoria Falls, which he named. He is perhaps best remembered because of his meeting with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Morton_Stanley Henry Stanley] (1841-1904), a jounalist and explorer, which gave rise to the popular quotation, ''Dr. Livingstone, I presume?''. Late in his life Livingstone completely lost contact with the outside world for six years, and Stanley was sent by ''New York Herald'' in 1869 to find him as a publicity stunt. Stanley found Livingstone on the shores of Lake Tanganyika in November 10, 1871 with the now famous tongue-in-cheek greeting (Livingstone was the only white man within hundreds of miles). In 1939, a popular film called [http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0031973/ ''Stanley and Livingstone''] was released with Spencer Tracy as Stanley.

==Page 754==

'''Prokladka''' 
The name is a common Russian word with two meanings: construction and gasket.
Female hygienic pads (with or without wings) are also referred to as prokladkas

'''Kalinka''' 
"My Little Snowball Tree", Russian folk song, popularized by ''Red Army Chorus''.

'''Ochi Chorniya''' 
Stereotypical Russian ballad, "Dark Eyes." The second word is actually ''Chorniye''. (It's spelled so now, but before 1917 it was ''chorniya'' or ''chornyya.'')

'''E. N. Molokhovets''' 
The book (''Podarok molodym khozyaykam'', Kursk: 1861) and the author are real. Elena Burman married city architect Frants Frantsevich Molokhovets, whose name is not Russian but suggests a Germanized Polish noble family (Franz Molochowiec). The etymology is not clear.

'''Orloff''' 
Also known as Oryol or Orel Trotter, a breed developed in the 19th century.

'''the Tian Shan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tian_Shan The Tian Shan] (Chinese words for "Celestial Mountains") is the mountain range, west of the Taklamakan Desert, running some 1,700 miles eastward from Tashkent into China. The mountain range is part of the Himalayan orogenic belt. The highest peak in the Tian Shan is Jengish chokusu (24,400 ft) and the second highest Khan Tengri (23,100 ft).

'''''Bol'shaia Igra''''' 
"The Great Game", counterpart to the ''Inconvenience''. Cf page 123 & page 245.

'''use of betel''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel Betel] is a spice whose leaves have medicinal properties. The plant is evergreen and perennial, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkins, and grows to a height of slightly over 3 feet. In India and parts of Southeast Asia, betel leaves are chewed with mineral lime and the areca nut which promotes red-stained saliva. Betel leaves are used as a stimulant, an anitseptic and a breath-freshener. They are used to treat headaches, arthritis, toothache, indigestion, constipation, etc.

==Page 755==

'''the Urals''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_Mountains The Urals] is a mountain system in western Russia extending for over 1,240 miles from the Artic Ocean to the Caspian Sea, and traditionally regarded as the natural boundary between Europe and Asia. The mountains hold vast mineral wealth.

'''A.D.C. or ''lichnyi adiutant''''' 
Aide-de-camp or (Russian:) personal adjutant.

'''Klopski''' 
''Klop'' is a Russian word for "bug."

'''''peculiar machines''''' 
Arcade games? 

These "so-called Chinese Enigmata," with their habit-forming and soul-stealing technological effects, sound like a riff on the current state of video games, TV, virtual reality, internet--screens in general. --[[User:Jerwolff|Jerwolff]] 12:55, 9 May 2007 (PDT)

'''''Yob tvoyu mat' ''''' 
Russian, literally: Fuck your mother. Just a general expletive. (Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: ''Yob tvoyu mat''']]).

'''''zastolye''''' 
Group of people around a table. A feast.

'''''begin to spin''''' 
To whirl like a Dervish, a member of a mystical Sufi sect that spins to induce visions ("your mind proceeding to flee in all directions at once"). The "Spin" of an electron, however, is also one of four quantum numbers (all vector quantities) specifying the electron's exact quantum state. It can be further used to calculate properties of electrons as wave functions, radiating "in all directions at once" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_spin].

==Page 756==

'''''Poshol ty na khuy''''' 
Impolite Russian, literally "Go to the prick", meaning; "Fuck off".

'''The Doosra''' 
Doosra is an Urdu word loosely meaning "second". It has become common parlance in cricket in the past few years and is used to describe a ball bowled by a finger spinner that turns in the opposite direction from his stock delivery. A lot of controversy surrounds the doosra as it is hard to bowl legally (it is much easier to throw it than to bowl it). One assumes that Pynchon was aware of all this: see the cricketing references on pp.219-242. In particular, Pynchon has already referenced the bosie: a mirror image of the doosra. More bilocations, anyone?

'''from Manchuria west to Hungary''' 
The extent of the 13th century Mongol Empire (see "Chingiz" below).

'''Pan-Turanian''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turanism Pan-Turanism] is a political movement for the union of all [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turan Turanian peoples], or the collective inclusion of all Altaic peoples.

'''ganja''' 
cannabis.

'''fusel oils''' 
Fusel alcohols, also sometimes called fusel oils, or potato oil in Europe, are higher order (more than two carbons) alcohols formed by fermentation and present in cider, mead, beer, wine, and spirits to varying degrees. The term fusel is German for “bad liquor.” [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusel_oil Fusel oil].

'''Chingiz''' 
Also transliterated as "Genghis" as in "Genghis Khan".

'''''denshchik''''' 
Russian: batman.

'''Madali''' 
Muhammad 'Ali Khan, also known as Madali Khan. From 1822–42 he ruled the Uzbek Ming dynasty and the Kokand khanate, raising the level of culture,
expanding foreign policy and resisting Russian aggression.

==Page 757==

'''poisonous nutmeat''' 
betel.

'''Uyghur''' 
Member of an ethnic group in western China, sometimes described as Indo-European.

'''Al Mar-Fuad''' 
Get a load of this character! He dresses in English hunting tweeds and a deerstalker cap, brandishes a shotgun, pronounces his "r"'s as w's, and says things like "Weally?" and "I am going out after some gwouse." Maybe "wabbits" are next for this Uyghur version of [http://jenn98.com/bugs/images/bugs-elmer-daffy.jpg ''Elmer Fudd''] (Al Mar-Fuad--get it?).

'''Lord Salisbury''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil%2C_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury Lord Salisbury] (1830-1903) was a British statesman and Prime Minister on three occasions: 1885-1886, 1886-1892 and 1895-1902. He, the first British Prime Minister of the 20th century, is seen as an icon of traditional, aristocratic conservatism.

==Page 758==

'''. . . so as to draw off the odd Russian division in the event of a European war''' 
To have some idea of the realtionship between Russia and Japan at this time, see the Wikipedia article on the Russo-Japanese War [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War].

'''yakitori pitches''' 
Yakitori: grilled bird, a Japanese type of skewered chicken made from several bite-sized pieces of chicken meat, or chicken offal, skewered on a bamboo skewer and barbecued, usually over charcoal [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakitori Wikipedia]. Pitch: a stand, especially for selling something; compare [[ATD_588-614#Page_608|"queer the pitch," p. 608.]]

'''old Cavi ate the sausage at Kabul''' 
Sir Louis Cavagnari, British envoy to Afghanistan, killed on Sept. 3, 1879, in the course of an insurrection. If "eat the sausage" is some horrible detail, no online source specifies. 
I believe "eat the sausage" is slang and refers to the fact that he was killed, like "kicked the bucket." 
:Source, please? If it is a known figure of speech, it's quite an obscure one. In a Google search on May 9, 2007, search string
"eat the sausage" die
:the first 80 hits gave phrases involving cyanide, potato salad, mustard, and animals from which sausage is made, but it was always a real sausage, not a metaphorical one. "Kick the bucket," on the other hand, came up as a metaphor in 10 out of the first 10 hits.

'''meddling of the Powers...convergence to the Mohammedan''' 
Exactly the situation today. More 1900/2000 parallels. It might be more accurate to say that the situation today evolved from the situation then. This sounds more like a good discussion topic rather than annotation material.

'''''Polkovnik''''' 
Russian: Colonel.

'''''Polny pizdets''''' 
Russian: a total fuckup.

'''Simla''' 
Now call [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimla Shimla]. It was the summer capital of the erstwhile British Raj in India. It is now the capital city of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Shimla, nestled in the middle Himalayas in northern India, is a favorite destination for honeymooners and tourists, particularly in summer. 

Punjabi Hill States, refuge and resort of Raj officers for generations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_States].

'''Pelitis''' 
Peliti was a Manufacturing Confectioner and he was by appointment to Her Majesty the Queen Empress, a purveyor of cakes, chocolates etc. He started his restaurant and confectionery business in 1870 at 11 Government Place in the Dalhousie Square area of Calcutta.(At a meeting on 26-Sep-1919 the Rotary Club of Calcutta was organized thus ushering in the movement in India and indeed the mainland of Asia)[http://www.rotacal.org/pelitis.htm].

'''the Combermere Bridge''' 
In 1828, Lord Combermere, the British Commander-in-Chief of the Indian army, built a bridge spanning a gushing mountain stream in Simla (Shimla).
See a drawing of [http://www.victoriamemorial-cal.org/tripur_combridge.html the bridge].

== Page 759 ==

'''transnoctial''' 
Not through but ''across'' the night; [[ATD_119-148#Page_131|compare Transnoctial Discussion group, p. 131.]]

'''the Waziri''' 
A people from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waziristan Waziristan], a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan.

'''"haunted spaces of desire . . . walled in by work-demands" 
is co-conscious(ness), page 760

==Page 760==

'''two creatures resident within the same life . . . each at once respectful and contemptuous of the other's imperatives''' 
As frequently as English speakers quote, "Lord, what fools these mortals be!" (and just as inaptly), German speakers quote a line from Goethe's ''Faust:''
:''Zwei Seelen wohnen, ach! in meiner Brust''
It begins a fine speech, which this contributor translates as
<blockquote>Alas, there are two souls living in my breast, 
Which will not be reconciled. 
One, grasping for love, 
Faces out to the world; 
The other shuns the flesh 
And turns toward a higher sphere.</blockquote>
Halfcourt sees himself as a Faust-like dual being.

'''mystical waterfalls that hide the Hidden Worlds of Tibetan lamas''' 
Behind which lie the beyuls. These places really exist! Please see Ian Baker's [http://www.amazon.com/Heart-World-Journey-Secret-Place/dp/1594200270 ''The Heart of the World: A Journey to the Last Secret Place'']

==Page 761==

'''subaltern''' 
A junior officer in the British army; now titled second lieutenant in most regiments.

'''Guri Amir''' 
Guri Amir or Gur-e Amir is the mausoleum Tamerlane built for his family. It is a great monument of Islamic architecture. [http://www.galenfrysinger.com/guri_amir_mausoleum.htm Guri Amir Mausoleum pictures].

'''Alexander III''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia Alexander III] (1845-1894) was the Tsar of Russia between 1881-1894. He died in Livadia Palace, Crimea, and was buried at the Peter and Paul Fortress in St.Petersburg. He was succeeded by his eldest son Nicholas II, the last Tsar of Russia. Tsar Alexander's memorial is located in Irkustsk at the embankment of the Angara River.

'''Tamerlane''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur Tamerlane] (1336-1405), the most influential Central Asia's military leader of the Middle Ages, restored the former Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan. During his long military career, Tamerlane engaged in an almost constant state of warfare in order to extend his borders and maintain his conquest, which reached from the Mediterranean in the west to India in the South and Russia in the North.

'''Craven A''' 
Plainly not the blend of pipe tobacco celebrated under the name "Arcadia" by James M. Barrie. London tobacconist Craven also gave his name to a [http://www.winspiration.co.uk/slogans.htm brand of cigarettes] now manufactured elsewhere in the Commonwealth. Formerly advertised under the slogan, "It's kind to your throat."

'''Eurasia Irredenta''' 
Fighters for Italian statehood in the 19th century used the slogan "Italia Irredenta": unredeemed Italy, that is, the lands still held by Habsburgs and other foreign powers. Their goal of course was to redeem it, place these areas under rule by Italians and fold them into one kingdom. 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irredentism Irredentism] is any position advocating annexation of territories administered by another state on the grounds of common ethnicity and/or prior historical possession, actual or alleged. These movements are also called pan movements. It is a feature of identity politics and cultural and political geography. Since most borders have been moved and redrawn at one point, a great many countries could theoretically present irredentist claims to their neighbours.

''''Turania'''' 
Turanism of page 756.

==Page 762==

'''Beerbohm Tree''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Beerbohm_Tree Herbert Beerbohm Tree] (1853-1917), noted English actor.

'''arrack''' 
an Asian alcoholic beverage like rum that is distilled from a fermented mash of malted rice with toddy or molasses.

'''clepsydra''' 
water clock.

==Page 763==

'''taking flannel''' 
Speculation: metaphor constructed in parallel with [http://www.college-of-law.co.uk/20092.html "take silk."] On appointment as a Queen's Counsel—a senior sort of lawyer in England—the practitioner puts away his or her old robes and assumes a new one made of silk. Did Halfcourt come late to a profession in which the customary apparel is made of flannel? If so, which profession?

'''P&O steamer''' 
Pacific and Orient line, British steamship company.

'''the Great Bitter Lake''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Bitter_Lake The Great Bitter Lake] is a salt water lake between the north and south part of the Suez Canal.

'''Karachi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi Karachi], located on the coast of the Arabian Sea, northwest of the Indus River Delta, is the most populated city in Pakistan. It is the financial and commercial center as well as the largest port of the country. The metropolitan area and its suburbs comprises the world's second most populated city.

'''Kiamari''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiamari Kiamari] is one of the neighborhoods of Kiamari Town in Karachi, Pakistan.

'''the Northwestern Railway''' 
The North Western Railway (NWR) of India was formed in January 1886, an amalgam of a number of smaller railways, principally the Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway. The division of India and the creation of Pakistan in 1947 saw the rail lines of the NWR divided between India (1,900 miles) and Pakistan (6,900 miles).

'''the Indus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River The Indus] is the longest and most important river in Pakistan and one of the most important one on the Indian subcontinent. Starting in the Tibetan plateau the Indus flows, through Kashmir, in a southernly direction along the entire length of Pakistan and merges into the Arabian Sea near Karachi.

'''the plains of Sind''' 
fertile plains around the Indus river in the center of Sind (Sindh) province, Pakistan.

'''Nowshera''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowshera Nowshera] is a major city in the North-West Frontier Province, Paksitan. It is known for its Cantonement, the site of Pakistan Army's School of Artillery.

'''Durghal station''' 
???

'''Malakand Pass''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakand_Pass The Malakand Pass] is a mountain pass in India.

'''Karakoram Pass''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakoram_Pass The Karakoram Pass], on the boundary of territory controlled by India and China, is the highest pass on the ancient caravan route between Leh, Ladakh and Yarkand in the Tarim Basin.

'''East Turkestan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Turkestan East Turkestan], largely inhabited by Turkic people, is the part of greater Turkestan in Xinjiang, China and far eastern Central Asia. Marco Polo passed Turkestan in the year of 1272.

'''might as well all be on a Cook's tour''' 
Cook's is still in business selling package tours. What cost Auberon months of hardship and danger, groups might now visit as tourists.

'''the Tungus''' 
[http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/evenks.shtml The Tungus], called the Evenks since 1931, are a Siberian ethnic group who live in the Siberian taiga from the Yenisei and Ob river basins to the Pacific Ocean and from the Amur River to the Arctic Ocean. The original home of the Tungus was in the vicinity of Lake Baikal but later migrated eastward to the current habitat. The Tungus are closely related to the Manchus and, before 1920, practiced a shamanistic religion. Their language is a close relation of the Mongolian and the Turkic ones, and the written language was created only in the late 1920s. First mentioned as “exhibits” in the White City, P.23.

'''the Yenisei''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenisei_River The Yenisei], a river in Russia flowing from Mongolia through Siberia into the Arctic Ocean, is the fifth longest in the world. It is slightly shorter but with 1.5 times the flow of the Mississippi-Missouri.

'''''bergut''''' 
A golden eagle used by the Kirghiz Tatars, who call it Bergut or Bearcoot, for the capture of antelopes, foxes and wolves.

'''Altai''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altay_Mountains Altai] is a mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together, and where the great rivers Irtysh, Ob and Yenisei have their source.

==Page 764==

'''Irkutsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irkutsk,_Russia Irkutsk] is located about 45 miles northwest of Lake Baikal but 3,100 miles east of Moscow. It is one of the largest cities in Siberia. The city proper lies at the Angara River, a tributary of the Yenisei. A small river, the Irkut, from which the city takes its name, joins the Angara directly opposite the city. Irkutsk's main industries are timber, aluminum and minerals.

'''the Angara''' 
[http://en.wikiopedia.org/wiki/Angara_River The Angara] is a 1,150-mile long river in Irkutsk Oblast, southeastern Siberia, Russia. It is the only river flowing out of Lake Baikal, and is a headwater of the Yenisie.

[[image:Tushuk-Tash.jpg|thumb|Tushuk Tash|right]]'''Tushuk Tash''' 
Also called ''Shipton's Arch''. [http://www.naturalarches.org/gallery-China-TushukTash.htm Tushuk Tash], the highest natural arch in the world, is a very crumbly conglomerate arch in Kara Tagh range 25 miles west-northwest of Kashgar, Xianjiang, China. The National Geographic team measured the arch at 1,200 feet high (about the height of the Empire State Building) with a estimated span of 180 feet. Tushuk Tash means ''Pierce Rock'' ("a rock with a hole in it"). Tushuk Tash was made known to the outside in 1947 by English mountaineer Eric Shipton but was "lost" because of the inaccurate location given. In May 2000 ''National Geographic'' "rediscovered" it again and used the local name.

'''Kara Tagh''' 
The mountain range near Kashgar where Tushuk Tash is located. 

With a name meaning "black mountain" you would expect there to be more than one. Places going by this name or the similar names Karatau and Kara Dagh are dotted all over Central Asia. This one lies in extreme western China.

Is it significant that ''Karadağ'' is the Turkish name of Montenegro?

'''the Tunguska country''' 
[http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/evenks.shtml The Tunguska country], in its broadest geographical sense, is the Siberia taiga region where the Tungus people live—the Ob River in the west to the Okhotsk Sea in the east, and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to Manchuria and Sakhalin in the south. Its core is [http://www.bartelby.com/65/tu/TungskBas.html the Tunguska Basins] in east central Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Territory) between the Yenisei and Lena rivers. Across the basin three Tunguska rivers—the Lower Tunguska, the Stony Tunguska and the Upper Tunguska—run through. Commonly the area of these three rivers is considered the home of the Tungus: the Tunguska country in its narrower definition.

'''And when we try to return . . . [w]e may not be able to''' 
Kit had this experience when the liner ''Stupendica'' doubled herself.

'''Buriat''' 
The Buriats live in southwestern Siberia to northwestern China and Mongolia. They include Buddhists and shamanists. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buryats Buriats], the largest ethnic minority group in Siberia, are of Mongolian descent and share many customs with their Mongolian cousins such as nomadic herding and living in yurts.

'''Lake Baikal''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Baikal Lake Baikal] lies in Southern Siberia, Russia, between Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and Buryatia to the southeast near the city of Irkutsk. It is the largest freshwater lake and 2nd largest by volume in the world. It is also the deepest (max 5,369 ft; ave 2,487 ft) and oldest (25-30 million years). It contains over one fifth of the world's and over 90% of Russia's liquid fresh surface water. It is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

==Page 765==

'''Japanese "38th Year" Arisaka rifle''' 
Japanes Arisaka Type 38 Rifle produced from 1905 to the early 1940s. The "38th Year" refers to the 38th Year of reign of the Emperor at the time of the rifle's introduction - 1905. [http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl22-e.htm The Arisaka Type 38] was based on the Mauser action and over-all design. It was designed by ("eponymous") Colonel Nariakira Arisaka (1852-1915).

'''Marwari''' 
[http://www.kyhorsepark.com/imh/bw/marwari.html The Marwari horse], native to the Marwar region of India, are particularly well suited for both the desert environment and its role as a battle horse for the cavalry. It was said that the Marwari horse has a homing instinct and exceptional hearing famous for bring back riders who became lost in the desert. There were only three ways a Marwari left a battlefield: one when he was victorious, another carried his wounded master to safety and the last eaten by vultures after laying down his life for his master.

'''Ogdai''' 
Ogdai (1185-1241), 3rd son of Genghis Khan, and the ruler of Mongol Emprie between 1229-1241.

'''the journey itself is a conscious Being''' 

'''I am contaminated beyond hope, Mushtaq''' 
Halfcourt's predicament ''vis a vis'' Yashmeen is reminiscent of that of Edward Ashburnham, Ford Madox Ford's "Good Soldier".
:In what way, may I ask?
By being in love with a woman he cannot possibly have without breaking every rule of honor he lives by.

==Page 766==

'''the scholar Taranatha''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taranatha Taranatha] (1575-1634) is considered the scholar and exponent of the Jonang school of Tibetan Buddhism.

'''the Tibetan Canon''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon The Tibetan Buddhist canono] is a loosely defined list of sacred texts recognized by various sects of Tibetan Buddhism.

'''the Tengyur''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengyur The Tengyur] is the section of the Tibetan canon to which were assigned commentaries to the Buddhist teachings, treatises and abhidharma works. It constains 3626 texts in 224 volumes.

'''''Rigpa Dzinpai Phonya''''' 
An excerpt of this book (''Knowledge-Bearing Messenger'') appeared in an anthology [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FBook-Heaven-Anthology-Writings-Ancient%2Fdp%2F0195119339%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180393791%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Book of Heaven: An Anthology of Writings from Ancient to Modern Times''] (2000) by Carol & Philip Zaleski, pp. 349-354.

'''Rimpung Ngawang Jigdag''' 
It should be Ri''n''pung Ngawang Jigdag, the 16th-entury Tibetan Prince, (Rinpugapa of page 750), who obtained the glimpse of paradise by summoning a Yogi in a meditative visualisation.

'''when you come to a fork in the road, take it''' 
A maxim of America's foremost Yogi, the baseball player Yogi Berra.

'''Grünwedel''' 
[http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/creator/albert_gr%C3%BCnwedel.html.en Albert Grünwedel] (1856-1935) was a German archaeologist of India, Tibet and Central Asia. He published a book about Buddhist iconography ''Bibliotheca Buddhica'' (1903). Of the four Turfan expeditions dispatched from Germany, he led the first (1902-1903) and the third (1906-1907).

'''''Shambhalai Lamyig''''' 
fictitious book.

'''Laufer''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berthold_Laufer Berthold Laufer] (1874-1934) was a German-American anthropologist, orientalist. For 35 years he was virtually the only Sinologist working in the United States. He made four major expeditions to the Himalayas (from ''Encyclopedia Britannica''): one sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History in New York (1901-1904), another one by the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago (1907-1910). He could read and speak not only Chinese, but Manchu, Japanese, Tibetan, and many other Asian languages (from Chicago Field Museum).

==References==
<references />

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

T

2007-06-17T19:33:42Z

Cal: Turania

'''Tabor, Horace Austin Warner ("Haw")''' 
274; Became mayor of Leadville in 1878, the year of the Colorado Silver Boom, in which he made his fortune. Owned the Matchless silver mine, which, after his death in 1899, his widow, [http://www.babydoe.org/babydoe.htm Elizabeth "Baby Doe" Tabor] maintained for 36 years. She lived in a shack beside the mine until she froze to death in 1935. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAW_Tabor Wikipedia entry]

'''tableau vivant''' 
344; French for "living picture", a kind of performance [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_vivant], recalls Zoyd's fake-glass-breaking show in Vineland.

[[image:Tait.jpg|thumb|P. G. Tait|right]]'''Tait, Peter Guthrie (P. G.) (1831-1901)''' 
324; Scottish mathematician who helped formulate [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/knot_theory knot theory] (the study of the way a closed curve can be embedded in three dimensional space without intersecting itself. Intuitively, one may "make a knot" by tying a knot in an ordinary piece of string and then fusing together the free ends of the string. Associated with any knot is its knot group which is the fundamental group of the space obtained by removing the knot from the R3 in which it is embedded). He studied at the University of Edinburgh where he studied with [[ATD-M#maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]]. Beginning in 1854, he taught at Queen's College, Belfast. When [[ATD-H#hamilton|Hamilton]] died in 1865, Tait took over the crusade to give quaternions a leading role in mathematical physics. [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Tait.html Biography of P. G. Tait]; [[Tait Discussion|DISCUSSION]]

'''Taklamakan War''' 
444; The Taklamakan (also Taklimakan) is a desert of Central Asia, in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It is known as the largest sand-only desert in the world. Some references fancifully state that Taklamakan means "if you go in, you won't come out"; others state that it means "Desert of Death" or "Place of No Return". "Makan" is a Turkic word meaning "place", of Arabic origin: the word may mean something different if treated as original pre-Islamic native Turkic; It is crossed at its northern and at its southern edge by two branches of the Silk Road; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taklamakan Wikpedia entry]

'''Talking Creatures''' 
Parrot, 385, 387; rabbits, 579; reindeer, 785; dog, 969;

'''Tammanoid''' 
150; creatures, 150; Tammany Hall was the name given to the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in New York City politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall Wikipedia entry]

<div id="tancredi"></div>'''Tancredi, Andrea''' 
584; Anarchist in Venice, and painter; the "infernal machine" 586;

Tancredi is a time-traveling character in ''City of Death'', a four-part serial in the British science fiction television series ''Dr. Who'' which involves time travel and bilocation. Tancredi is the sole survivor of the Jagaroth race, an evil people who destroyed themselves in a war some 400 million years ago. Tancredi explains that a few escaped in a dilapidated spacecraft and found Earth in a primeval, lifeless stage of its development. The ship disintegrated upon takeoff and [[Scaroth]] tells of how he was fractured in time, splinters of his being were scattered across time and space, all identical, none complete. Whereas, in ''City of Death'', Tancredi, one of the Scaroff "splinters" living in Renaissance Italy, is plotting to create multiple Mona Lisa's for fraudulent purposes, ''Against the Day'''s Tancredi is fighting art fraud. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Death Read the synopsis of ''City of Death'']; The name "Andrea" ''could'' be a reference to the protagonist Andrea Marsh, a time-traveler in the 1889 novel, ''Timeless Love'' by Judy Hinson ([[Timeless Love|synopsis]]).

'''''tantum dic verbo''''' 
447; typically translated to English as the imperative "only say the word," appears in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgate Vulgate] [http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/vul/mat008.htm Matthew 8] (the Centurion's response to Christ) as well as during the [http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/FuseAction/Text/Index/4/SubIndex/67/ContentIndex/11/Start/9 Liturgy of the Eucharist] (at least in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_liturgy Catholic Liturgy].)

'''Tarahumare Indians''' 
23; Indian tribe of Northern New Mexico, in the Sierra Madres; 388; [[Tarahumare Indians|About the Tarahumare Indians]]; [http://www.native-languages.org/tarahumara.htm more].

'''Tarot''' 
186; 253; Hanged Man (XII), 605-06; "Number XV, The Devil" 686; [http://www.sacred-texts.com/tarot/pkt/index.htm The Waite Tarot Deck with Illustrations by Pamela Colman Smith]

'''Tate, Professor''' 
131; three dimensions

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
655; a stubby cryptid, a rumored animal two to six feet in length, possessing two front legs, while the rest of the body resembles that of a snake. Local folklore says the creature breathes deadly fumes that can kill a person. The creature has been said to exist for hundreds of years in tales of the Alps of Austria, Bavaria and Switzerland; "a snake with paws" 655; speaks, 659; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Wikpedia entry]

'''Tavernier-Gravet slide rules''' 
497; Tavernier-Gravet were preeminent Parisian makers of logarithmic slide rules (an analog computer) in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Originally Lenoir, the firm became Gravet-Lenoir, then Tavernier-Gravet.

'''Tawil Balak''' 
521; bar in Morocco

'''Tears of Job''' 
"sky-pale translucent seeds" 394;

'''Teatro Malibran''' 
355; in Venice

<div id="telluric">'''Telluric Interior'''</div>
planetary axis-long intra-planetary shortcut that the Chums use to travel from the South to the North Pole, 114-118; "a mythical Interior," 128; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium Wikipedia entry for Tellurium.]
Cf. "the Ulterior," 130;

<div id="telluride">'''Telluride'''</div>
89; The Town of Telluride is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat of San Miguel County in the southwestern portion of the State of Colorado in the United States. The town is a former silver mining camp on the San Miguel River in the western San Juan Mountains. The town was named after the chemical element Tellurium, which was never actually found in the mountains of Telluride. Tellurium is a metalloid element that is associated with rich deposits of gold and some silver. An alternate theory for the naming of Telluride is that it is a contraction of "to-hell-you-ride." Telluride's mines were rich in zinc, iron, lead, copper, silver, and, of course, gold; 260; 383; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telluride,_Colorado Wikipedia entry]

'''Ten-Day Miner''' 
302; The terms "ten-day miner," "ten-day man," "ten-dayer" and "ten-day stiff" are common names for the "hobo miner," who worked in a camp only long enough to get a roadstake before setting out for the next camp. Such miners are also commonly referred to as "boomers," "ramblers," and "floaters," and less commonly as "grubstakers." An older designation, dating from the early mining history of the West ... is "Overlander." From "The Folklore, Customs, and Traditions of the Butte Miner" by Wayland D. Hand, ''California Folk Quaterly'', Vol. 5, No.1 (Jan 1946), pp.1-25.

'''Tennyson''' 
535;

'''Terapia''' 
570;

'''Teresa''' 
87; girl Webb fancies on his way to Colorado

'''Terrorism''' 
85; "monsters that Did the Deed" 85; innocent victims, 87; "radius of annihilation" 95;

'''Tesla, Dr. Nikola''' (1856-1943) 
33; 97 - "Tesla logged in his diary on July 3, 1899 that a separate resonance transformer tuned to the same high frequency as a larger high-voltage resonance transformer would transceive energy from the larger coil, acting as a transmitter of wireless energy, which was used to confirm Tesla's patent for radio during later disputes in the courts. These air core high-frequency resonate coils were the predecessors of systems from radio to radar and medical magnetic resonance imaging devices." [http://www.crystalinks.com/tesla.html from this nice Tesla page] - This information was later used to confirm his patent for radio which he received posthumously in 1946, 3 years after his death - [http://www.resonanceresearch.com/nikola-tesla-coils-picture-colorado-1899-labratory.htm from this Tesla page]; Kit Traverse working for, 97; 326; tower, 401; 425; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Wikipedia entry]; [[Tesla's_Death_Ray|Read this article about Tesla's Death Ray and the Tunguska Event...]]

'''Tesseract''' 
633; four-dimensional analog of a cube; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesseract Wikipedia entry]

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
701; "tall and careworn fuctionary" in Vienna; Book:Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel ''The Outcry'', there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting ''Duchess of Waterbridge'' by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna, 705; Cyprian Latewood's "field advisor" 705;

'''Theosophy''' 
630; "A formal definition from the Concise Oxford Dictionary describes Theosophy as 'any of various philosophies professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation; esp. a modern movement following Hindu and Buddhist teachings, and seeking universal brotherhood.' Madame Blavatsky's theosophy would, however, not fall under this definiton, as it is non-theistic." -from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosophy Wikipedia entry]

'''They''' 
design the world to have unequal water distribution, 393; 410; 483; 719;

'''Thick Bush''' 
8; town where Chick Counterfly was recognized as the son of "Dick" Counterfly

'''Thiel Detective Service Company''' 
171; a private detective agency formed by George H. Thiel, a former Civil War spy and Pinkerton employee [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiel_Detective_Service_Company Wikipedia entry]

'''Thorn, Ryder''' 
553; "one of the Trespassers" at ukulele workshop; Mr. Ace and "his people" 415; what if they are not benign? 416;

'''Thorvald''' 
453; recurring sentient tornado at Candlebrow;

'''Throyle, Hastings''' 
131; collegial nemesis of T. Blope

'''Thucydides''' 
493; "ancient Greek historian, and the author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BCE. This is widely considered the first work of scientific history, describing the human world as produced by men acting from ordinary motives, without the intervention of the gods." --from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thucydides wikipedia entry]

'''Time''' 
33; 54; 111; colonizing, 131; "at right angles to the flow of," ""possibility of linear time becoming circular," "immunity to Time," 132; "Christian time," 143; "Time itself was disrupted, a thouroughgoing and merciless foreswearing of Time," 148; New Yorkers' belief that "'there would always be time,'" 151; "[i]n a metropolis where Location was often the beginning, end, and entire story in between," 153; "the invasion of Time into a timeless world," 223; "'some disposition to the echoic . . . perhaps built into the nature of Time,'" 227; "Victoria's unbending refusals to consider the passage of Time," "impervious to the passage of Time," "immune to Time," "a flow that Time will never touch," "poles of a temporal flow between England and Hanover," 231; 252; 256; 355; "'d' toime machine,'" 397; the Time Machine described, 402; time travel, 398; First International Conference on Time-Travel, "Mr. H. G. Wells's novel ''The Time Machine''," 407; Nasotemporal Travel, 408; "Chronoclipses, Asimov Transeculars, Tempomorph Q-98s," "the safe harbor in Time," 409; "River of Time," 410; "Time did not so much elapse as grow less relevant," 412; "dismissing altogether the ''existence'' of Time as really too ridiculous to consider," 412; 415; "immersed at Candlebrow in the mysteries of Time," 418; wave functions and, 426; "'flight into the next dimension,'" "our fate, our lord, our destroyer," 427; 428; "travel backward or forward through Time," 438; conference at Candlebrow, "siegecraft of," 452; time machine, 453; bazaar of Time, 454; clock-wise/one-way time, "vulnerable to force of gravity," 457; and ukuleles, 552; time-travel, 577; 602; 612; 616; "future, past, and present <nowiki>[...]</nowiki> all together" 617; 623; 636; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel Wikipedia Time Travel entry]; [[Time in Old Japan|Time in Old Japan]]

[[image:Tintoretto_St-Mark.jpg|thumb|''The Abduction of the Body of St. Mark''|right]]'''Tintoretto (1518-1594)''' 
579; Tintoretto (real name Jacopo Robusti) was one of the greatest painters of the Venetian school and probably the last great painter of the Italian Renaissance; ''Abduction of the Body of St. Mark'', 579; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintoretto Wikipedia entry]

'''Tiny''' 
399; bouncer at Lollipop Lounge;

'''Titian''' 
579; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titian Wikipedia entry]

'''Toadflax, Captain Q. Zane''' 
425; '''Saksaul''' frigate, 434; also the name of an [http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/weedfeeders/toadflax.html invasive plant species]

'''Toilet Travel''' 
422;

'''tommyknocker''' 
391; Tommyknockers are the spirit creatures of the underground. No one knows exactly when or where these tales began. They were present by medieval times in the area that is now Germany and Austria. Germans call them ''Berggeister'' or ''Bergmännlein'', meaning “mountain ghosts” or “little miners.” They watch over the earth’s precious ores and metals. They look like men, but are two feet tall or less. They wear the traditional miner’s outfit. They are believed to be active in gold, silver, and other metal mines. These spirits can be good or bad, helping or hurting miners. [http://www.blm.gov/heritage/HE_Kids/tommy_knock.htm More BLM info on Tommyknockers]

'''tong war''' 
340; in Chinatown in New York City; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong_%28organization%29 Wikipedia entry for Tong]

'''toroidal dispensation''' 
128;

'''Tonio''' 
581; in Venice, hitting on Dally

'''Tovarishchi Slutchainyi''' 
123; Russian counterparts to the Chums of Chance

[[image:topler-influence-machine.jpg|thumb|Töpler Influence Machine|right]]'''Töpler Influence Machine''' 
58; An electric machine consisting of the combination of two materials, which when rubbed together produce static electricity, and of a third material or object which acts as a collector for the charges. August Joseph Ignaz Töpler (1836-1912) was a German physicist known for his experiments in electrostatics. In 1864 he applied Foucault's knife-edge test for telescope mirrors to the analysis of fluid flow and the shock wave. He developed the Toepler machine, an electrostatic influence machine, in 1865 for use in X-ray photography. Improved versions were produced by Wilhelm Holtz, Roger and J. Robert Voss; [[Töpler influence machine]]

'''Toy, Yup''' 
367; "ice-girl" in Denver

'''Trabants''' 
45; German: ''satellite''; The Trabant was an automobile formerly produced by East German auto maker VEB Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau in Zwickau (today in Saxony). It was the most common vehicle in East Germany, and was also exported to other socialist countries. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabant Wikipedia entry]

'''tragedy at Mayerling''' 
681; refers to the double suicide of Crown Prince Rudolf and his mistress at Mayerling in Austria. [[ATD-R#rudolf|See Rudolf, Archduke, Crown Prince of Austria.]]

'''Traverse''' 
Main Entry: tra·verse Pronunciation: 'tra-v&rs also -"v&rs, especially for 6 and 8 also tr&-' or tra-'Function: noun

Etymology: Middle English travers, from Anglo-French travers (as in a travers, de travers across), from Latin transversum (as in in transversum set crosswise), neuter of transversus lying across; senses 5-9 in part from 2traverse -- more at TRANSVERSE

1 : something that crosses or lies across
2 : OBSTACLE, ADVERSITY
3 : a formal denial of a matter of fact alleged by the opposing party in a legal pleading
4 a : a compartment or recess formed by a partition, curtain, or screen b : a gallery or loft providing access from one side to another in a large building
5 : a route or way across or over: as a : a zigzag course of a sailing ship with contrary winds b : a curving or zigzag way up a steep grade c : the course followed in traversing
6 : the act or an instance of traversing : CROSSING
7 : a protective projecting wall or bank of earth in a trench
8 a : a lateral movement (as of the saddle of a lathe carriage); also : a device for imparting such movement b : the lateral movement of a gun about a pivot or on a carriage to change direction of fire
9 : a line surveyed across a plot of ground
From Meriam-Webster online. (should be replaced by OED definitions by anyone with access due to its importance)

'''Traverse family tree''' 
It seems certain that the Traverses of ''Against the Day'' are the progenitors of the Traverses of ''Vineland'', described therein: "These were old, proud and strong union people, surviving in one of the world's worst antinunion environments - spool tenders, zooglers, water bucks and bull punchers [all logging jobs, btw] some had fought in the Everett mill wars, others from the Becker side had personally known [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Hill Joe Hill], and had not mourned, and organized......" [[Traverse Family Tree|More on the Traverse Family Tree...]]

'''Traverse, Cooley''' 
105; Webb's father

'''Traverse, Frank''' 
90; Webb's son; 374; working at Empresas Oustianas, S.A.,376; dreams of a counterpart, 377; 380; shoots Sloat Fresno, 395; in Nochecita, "his own ghost" 461; back in Denver, 465; and Dally, 512; working out of Tampico, Mexico, 637; recurring dream of Webb, 649;

'''Traverse, Jesse''' 
360; son of Reef and Stray (and a character in Vineland); with Willow and Holt, 646; 650;

'''Traverse, Kit''' 
90; Webb's youngest son who goes to Yale; Vectorist, 97; circuit rider, 98; 156; at Vibe Corp., 330; on ''Stupendica'' to Germany, and Dally, 510; to Bruges with Pino and Rocco, 562; attacked by Woevre, 563; dueling Günther, 600-01; in the ''Klapsmühle'', 626-27; meets Reef in Switzerland, 664; seance, 671;

'''Traverse, Lake''' 
90; Webb's daughter; marries Deuce, 266; a virgin bride, child of the storm, 267; fuckmouth whore, 268; and Deuce, 472; Child of the Storm, 487; [[Lake Traverse|DISCUSSION]]

'''Traverse, Mayva''' 
480; conversing with animals

'''Traverse, Reef''' 
89; Webb's first-born son; Stray and Reef (now a card sharp) drifting from town to town, 358-61; dynamiting, 361; in Denver, 367; seen in New Orleans by W.T. Rooney, 646; with Flaco in Austria, 652;

'''Traverse, Webb''' 
76; "sort of mine engineer in Colorado" 76; from South Pennsylvania, 87; [[Traverse Family Tree]]

'''Trespassers''' 
:Down where the ‘Hidden People’ live, inside their private rock dwellings, where humans who visit them can be closed in and never find a way out again. Iceland spar is what hides the Hidden People, makes it possible for them to move through the world that thinks of itself as ‘real,’ provides that all-important ninety-degree twist to their light, so they can exist alongside our own world but not be seen. They and others as well, visitors from elsewhere, of non-human aspect.

:“They have been crossing here, crossing over, between the worlds, for generations. Our ancestors knew them. Looking back over a thousand years, here is a time when their trespassings onto our shores at last converge, as in a vanishing-point, with those of the first Norse visitors.

:“They arrive here in criminal frames of mind, much like those early Norsemen, who were either fleeing retribution for offenses committed back where they came from or seeking new coastlines to pillage. Who in our excess of civilization strike us now as barbaric, incapable of mercy. Compared to these other Trespassers, however, they are the soul of civility.” - p.134

"There's no discovering them unless they choose so." 413; "We are here among you as seekers of refuge from our present—your future—a time of worldwide famine, exhausted fuel supplies, terminal poverty—the end of the capitalistic experiment." 415; time-travellers from The Future, 424;

'''Trilby hat''' 
185; "a soft felt men's hat with a narrow brim and a deeply indented crown. It is traditionally made from rabbit fur felt, but may also be made of other materials such as tweed" -from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilby Wikipedia entry]

'''Trouvé, Gustave''' 
28; developer of airscrew design in 1880s; "Trouvé-screw unit" photographed at Chicago

'''Trumper's''' 
224; Gentleman's barbers. "Established 1875 in Curzon Street, Mayfair, by Mr George Trumper, the business has served the needs of London gentlemen and members of the Royal Court for over 125 years, and has been honoured with the Royal Warrant of Queen Victoria and five subsequent monarchs." [http://www.trumpers.com/ Website]

'''Tsangpo-Brahmaputra''' 
130; The Yarlung Tsangpo/Brahmaputra river drains a large portion of the eastern Himalaya and southern Tibetan plateau as well as the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, one of the most tectonically active areas of the globe.

'''Tsurigane, Miss Umeki''' 
531; "umeki" is Japanese for "plum tree"; "tsurigane" is Japanese for "hanging bell" [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,807497,00.html?promoid=googlep]; female Quaternionist; 560; Umeki and Kit; 974; Umeki and Auberon Halfcourt on Corfu

'''Tubby''' 
161; trained pig

'''Tubsmith, Root''' 
511; mathematician on Stupendica; in Ostend, 535;

'''Tucker, Benjamin''' 
370; wrote of Land League;

'''Tungus Reindeer herders''' 
23;

<div id="tunguska"></div>'''Tunguska Event''' 
145, 782, 792, passim; an explosion that occurred at 60°55′N 101°57′E, near the Podkamennaya (Under Rock) Tunguska River in what is now Evenk Autonomous Okrug, at 7:17 AM on June 30, 1908. The event is sometimes referred to as the great Siberian explosion. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_Event Wikipedia entry]; [[Tesla's_Death_Ray|Read this article about Tesla's Death Ray and the Tunguska Event...]]

'''Turkish Corner''' 
431;

'''Turania''' 
761; The name is derived from Turan an ancient Persian name for the land to the east of Iran. Turanism or Pan-Turanism is a political movement aiming at uniting the various Turkic peoples of the Russian empire.

'''Turner, Freddie''' 
52; professor at Harvard. It turns out that there is a present-day academic with the name Fred Turner ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Turner_%28academic%29 Wikipedia entry]
) who used to teach Communication at Harvard's JFK School of Government between 1989-2000, before moving to MIT and Stanford. Interestingly enough, he is the author of a book titled ''From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism''. 

'''Turner, Frederick Jackson (1861-1932)''' 
Unlike Freddie, Frederick Jackson Turner didn't make it to Harvard until 1910. Nonetheless, FJT did deliver his famous [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontier_Thesis "frontier thesis"] in a paper to the American Historical Association on July 12, 1893, during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbian_Exposition Columbian Exposition] and on the site of the present-day Art Institute of Chicago, a scant couple of blocks away from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmer_House Palmer House]. The apocalyptic tone of the Inconvenience's tour of the Chicago stockyards fits well with Turner's claim that the closure of the frontier marks an end of America—or at least the end of a first period of American history—as well as the virtuous individualism, democracy, and freedom of movement that defined that America. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Jackson_Turner Frederick Jackson Turner Wikipedia entry]

'''Turner, Joseph Mallord William (1775-1851)''' 
578; English Romantic landscape painter and watercolourist, whose style can be said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._W._Turner Wikipedia entry]

'''Turnstone, Willis''' 
and Lake Traverse, 262; an appreciative nod to poet and translator [http://web.whittier.edu/barnstone/willis.html Willis Barnstone] whose works include the vast collection of Jewish pseudepigrapha, early Kabbalah, Haggadah, Midrash, Christian Apocrypha and Gnostic scriptures entitled [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0062500309 'The Other Bible']?

'''Twin Vibes, The''' 
102; Foley Walker and Scarsdale Vibe "in matching sport ensembles of a certain canary-and-indigo check"

<div id="twit"></div>'''T.W.I.T.''' 
219; True Worshippers of the Ineffable Tetractys, headquartered in London, north of Hyde Park; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetractys The Tetractys] is a triangular figure consisting of ten points arranged in four rows: one, two, three, and four points in each row. As a mystical symbol, it was very important to the followers of the secret worship of the Pythagoreans; 591; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetractys Wikpedia entry]

T.W.I.T. with the vagina, i.e., the female ''sex'' organ. "T.W.I.T." sounds like no, ''is'' a cross between "clit" and "twat." And, natch, it's headed up by [[ATD 219-242#Page 220|Nookshaft]]. And, let's face it, that tetractys is surely an inverted beaver, yes? (See [[ATD 171-198#Page 183|"Beavers of the Brain"]]). Its male counterpart is [[ATD 397-428#Page 405|Candlebrow U.]], to be encountered down the road apiece (and that ain't no spoiler!). 

Isn't this a stretch? It reads to me as just a pun on "twit" as in, these Brits are twits.

'''Tyburnia''' 
219; "in that ambiguous stretch north of Hyde Park known then as...";

:Tyburnia occupies the ground on the north side of Hyde-park and Kensington-gardens, and stretches from Edgware-road on the east to about Inverness-terrace on the west. This is not, strictly speaking, a fashionable quarter; but it is not absolutely unfashionable, and is a very favourite part with those — lawyers, merchants, and others—who have to reside in town the greater part of the year. It stands high, the cellars of the Tyburnian houses being on a level with the chimneys of Belgravia, and the houses, though without the architectural pretensions of the more recent additions to the latter district, are roomy and comfortable. Rents are high for a moderate-sized house—but much lower in proportion to the accommodation than in either Mayfair or Belgravia NEAREST Railway Station Edgware-road, Praed-street, and Queen’s-road; Omnibus Routes Edgware-road, Praed-st, Bishop-road, and Uxbridge-road. [http://www.victorianlondon.org/districts/dickens-tyburnia.htm Charles Dickens (Jr.), ''Dickens's Dictionary of London'', 1879]

'''''Tzigane''''' 
18; (French: ''gypsy'') Bindelstiffs of the Blue A.C.'s balloon-ship

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

P

2007-06-17T19:30:01Z

Cal: Pan-Turanian

'''Packer's Inn''' 
31;

'''Paco''' 
375; trumpet player

'''Padzhitnoff, Igor ("Padzy")''' 
123; Randolph St. Cosmo's "mysterious Russian counterpart". c.f. Alexy Pazhitnov, inventor of Tetris.

'''''Palacio del Cristal, El''''' 
378; in Guanajuato;

'''Palmer House''' 
30; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmer_House Wikipedia entry]

'''pantechnicon''' 
611;

'''Pan-Turanian''' 
756; Pan-Turanism is a political movement aiming at uniting the various Turkic peoples of the Russian empire. The name is derived from Turan an ancient Persian name for the land to the east of Iran.

'''Paramorphoscope''' 
"'induced paramorphism,'" 114; "paramorphic distortions," 249; 435; 436; ''paramorfico'', 570; used to view map of Shambhala, 609;

'''Paranoia''' 
33; "counter-transformer" 34; 54; 94; "Something" 132; 180; paranoia querulans ([[Paranoia Querulans|litigious paranoia]]), 455; Ostend as "western anchors of a continental system" 567; "silent army of operatives" from Hell, 586; 624; 681;

'''Paris Commune''' 
372;

'''Parry, Hubert''' 
49; Blake's ''Jerusalem'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Parry Wikpedia Entry]

'''Parsons-Short Auxetophone''' 
228; used to record "all T.W.I.T.-sanctioned sittings"

'''Patio Method''' 
374; silver extraction method

'''Pearls''' 
Pearl Street, in lower Manhattan financial district, location of Vibe Corp., 333-34; "pearl-gray bowlers, 399;

'''Peary, Robert Edwin (1856-1920)''' 
149; Peary was an American explorer who claimed to have been the first person, on April 6, 1909, to reach the geographic North Pole; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary Wikipedia entry]

'''''pelota'' games''' 
7; Pelota (in Basque and Catalan, pilota; in French pelote, from Latin pila) is a name for a variety of court sports played with a ball using one's hand, a racket, a wooden bat (pala), or a basket propulsor, against a wall (frontón in Spanish, frontoi in Basque, frontó in Catalan) or, more traditionally, with two teams face to face separated by a line on the ground or a net.

'''Penhallow, Constance''' 
127; Iceland spar magnates, in Iceland; Hallow means to reserve as holy.

'''Penhallow, Hunter''' 
127; grandson of Constance; witnessing the destruction of the city, 154; "English painter type" 575; one of the Trespassers? 576; switch to nocturnes, 580; in Venice with Dally, 729; one of his paintings, "The Iron Gateway," hanging in Ca' Spongiatosta, 867; with Dally in London, 892;

'''''permanent siege''''' 
19;

'''perpetual-motion machine''' 
6; Perpetual motion refers to a condition in which an object continues to move indefinitely without being driven by an external source of energy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual_motion Wikipedia entry]

'''Peter and Paul Fortress''' 
595; in Russia

'''''pétroleurs'' of Paris''' 
19;

'''P.E.T.N.''' 
182; PETN (''Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate'', also known as ''Penthrite'') is one of the strongest known high explosives, with a relative effectiveness factor (R.E. factor) of 1.66. It is more sensitive to shock or friction than TNT or tetryl, and it is never used alone as a booster; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PETN Wikipedia entry]

'''Peychaud, Monsieur''' 
368; It is said that the Sazerac drink was invented by Antoine Amadie Peychaud, a Creole apothecary who moved to New Orleans from the West Indies and set up shop in the French Quarter in the early 1800s. He dispensed a proprietary mix of aromatic bitters from an old family recipe, to relieve the ails of his clients (Peychaud's Bitters are still made in New Orleans and sold today, and are an essential component of any truly complete bar), and around the 1830s he became famous for a toddy he made for his friends. It consisted of French brandy mixed with his secret blend of bitters, a splash of water and a bit of sugar. According to legend he served his drink in the large end of an egg cup that was called a coquetier in French, and some say that the Americanized pronunciation of this as "cocktail" gave this type of drink its name (unlikely as that may be); ([http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/sazerac.html From The Gumbo Pages. Read on...])

'''Philippe''' 
655; in Swiss Alps, drilling with Reef; alumnus of Petit Roquette child's prison, 658;

'''Philosopher's Stone''' 
77; The philosopher's stone, in Latin ''philosophi lapis'', is a legendary substance that supposedly could turn inexpensive metals such as lead into gold ("chrysopoeia") and/or create an elixir that would make humans younger, thus delaying death. It was a longtime "holy grail" of Western alchemy; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosopher's_stone Wikipedia entry]

'''Philosophic Mercury''' 
77; Mercury minus "everything not essential"

'''picnic''' 
4; 82; 138; 503;

'''Piggot's''' 
678;

'''Pigs''' 
Circe, 117; "pigs can fly" 427; "'''P'''itch '''I'''ntegrity '''G'''uard" 421;

'''Pike's Peak''' 
112; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pike%27s_Peak Wikipedia entry]

'''Pinkerton, Allan (1819-1884)''' 
43; Allan Pinkerton was a U.S. detective and spy, best known for creating the Pinkerton Agency, the first detective agency.; "The Unsleeping Eye" 51; 112; 171; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Pinkerton Wikipedia entry]

'''Piper, Leonora''' 
medium/psychic, 228; Leonora Piper's spiritualistic abilities (or extrasensory perception — the exact nature of her powers was, maybe naturally, unresolved) convinced William James of the truth in Spiritualism; James dubbed her "the white crow."

'''Piprake, Giles''' 
866; colleague of Ratty McHugh

'''''Plafond Luminex''''' 
687;

'''plasmic hysteresis''' 
555;

'''Plush, Fiona''' 
894; model for Arturo Naunt sculpture

'''Pluto''' 
"Chthonica, Princess of Plutonia," 117; "plutes," 93; "some Plutonian bargain," 154; "plutes," "some ruler of some underwoekd," 231; 362; see also, '''Satan'''

'''''podpol'niki''''' 
663; "underground men" in Russia

'''Polo, Marco (1254-1324)''' 
432; the Venetian, greatest of medieval travellers. Venetian genealogies and traditions of uncertain value trace the Polo family to Sebenico in Dalmatia, and before the end of the 11th century one Domenico Polo is found in the great council of the republic (1094). But the ascertained line of the traveller begins only with his grandfather.

Polo was the first traveller to trace a route across the whole longitude of Asia, naming and describing kingdom after kingdom which he had seen; the first to speak of the new and brilliant court which had been established at Peking; the first to reveal China in all its wealth and vastness, and to tell of the nations on its borders; the first to tell more of Tibet than its name, to speak of Burma, of Laos, of Siam, of Cochin-China, of Japan, of Java, of Sumatra and of other islands of the archipelago, of the Nicobar and Andaman Islands, of Ceylon and its sacred peak, of India but as a country seen and partially explored; the first in medieval times to give any distinct account of the secluded Christian Empire of Abyssinia, and of the semi-Christian island of Sokotra, and to speak, however dimly, of Zanzibar, and of the vast and distant Madagascar; whilst he carries us also to the remotely opposite region of Siberia and the Arctic shores, to speak of dog-sledges, white bears and reindeerriding Tunguses; [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Marco_Polo From the 11th Edition of the Encyclopedia Brittanica]; 569;

'''Ponghill, Brad''' 
174; youngest brother of Burke

'''Ponghill, Buddy''' 
174; brother of Burke

'''Ponghill, Burke''' 
172; Editor of the ''Lodazal Weekly Tidings''

'''''Poussin''''' 
590;

'''Poutine''' 
468; little girl in Mayva's ice-cream parlor, Cone Amor; also the name of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poutine French-Canadian dish].

'''Prandtl, Ludwig''' 
603; Bavarian physicist (1875–1953) who made key contributions to aerodynamics, most famously the discovery of the "boundary layer" (an zone of still air around a moving object, the physical phenomenon behind the dust which accumulates on fan blades).

'''Priest, Judas''' 
656;

'''Prime Number Theorem''' 
590, 597; a theorem giving an approximation to the number of prime numbers less than any given integer ''N.'' The specific theorem most commonly invoked under this name is the result by Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), who in an 1849 letter to Johann Franz Encke (1791–1865) proved that the number of primes less than ''N'' is approximately given by the integral from 2 to ''N'' of 1 over the natural logarithm of ''x.'' (Earlier, at the age of 15, Gauss had proposed that the number of primes less than ''N'' was approximately ''N'' divided by the natural logarithm of ''N.'') Jacques Hadamard (1865–1963) and Charles De la Vallée Poussin (1866–1962) both proved this result independently in 1896. Knowing this result, one can prove that the ''N''th prime number is roughly ''N'' log ''N,'' for sufficiently large ''N.'' The Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the assertion that the difference between Gauss's later estimate and the true value is never greater than ''cN''1/2log ''N,'' for some number ''c.'' [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PrimeNumberTheorem.html Wolfram MathWorld entry]

'''''Princess Casamassima, The''''' 
6; an Italian Romance; ''The Princess Casamassima'' is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in ''The Atlantic Monthly'' in 1885-1886 and then as a book in 1886. It is the story of an intelligent but confused young London bookbinder, Hyacinth Robinson, who becomes involved in radical politics and a terrorist assassination plot. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Princess_Casamassima Wikipedia entry]

'''Privett, Nate''' 
24; White City Investigations, 43; in Denver, 179;

'''Propaganda of Deed''' 
81; Propaganda of the deed is an anarchist doctrine that promotes the practical application of anarchist ideas in hopes that such actions will set an example and inspire others. A violent variant of the concept was popular around the world in the late 19th century. According to the 19th century take, it was thought that a spectacular action, such as a political assassination, would ignite a revolutionary fervor among the working classes. Peter Kropotkin, an early proponent of propaganda by the deed, wrote that "A single deed is better propaganda than a thousand pamphlets." [http://www.infoshop.org/wiki/index.php/Propaganda_of_the_deed From the InfoShop Open Wiki]

'''Provecho, Dwayne''' 
379; in cell with Frank Traverse and Ewball; in Mexico, 642;

'''Provenance, Wren''' 
"girl anthropologist" 275; 922;

'''Prudge, Oleander''' 
263; hash-slinger at Nonpareil Eating House;

'''Psitticide''' 
387; the murder of a parrot: (Latin order Psittaciformes = parrot). "The commandante, sensing psitticide in the air, came hurrying up."

'''Pugnax''' 
5; (Latin: ''pugnax'' = fond of fighting) sentient canine aboard ''The Inconvenience''; 17; Also, there's a bird called the Ruff (''Philomachus pugnax'') which is a medium-sized wader; cuisine, 111; 143; Buddha nature, 412; security of ''Inconvenience'' left to, 443; "sophisticated defensive system" 550;

'''Pullman Strike''' 
177; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullman_strike Wikipedia entry]

'''Pynchon, Edwin''' 
possibly inventor of an airship, the "Albatross"; [[Edwin Pynchon Discussion|DISCUSSION]]

'''Pythagoras''' 
500; Pythagoreans, 633; mathematician, philosopher and mystic (c. 569 BCE–c. 475 BCE). Born in Samos, Ionia, he traveled in Egypt and eventually founded a school in Croton, located in what is now southern Italy. He is the earliest person known to have given a systematic proof of the geometrical proposition now called the Pythagorean Theorem; he or his close followers discovered the irrational numbers and the three-dimensional shape called the [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/dodecahedron/ dodecahedron]. Furthermore, Pythagoras coined the term ''cosmos'' to express the order and patterning of nature, was the first to give observations showing that the Earth is spherical, and performed significant early experiments in judging how humans perceive sound. Any of these accomplishments would have earned Pythagoras an honorable place in the history of science, but his behavior and that of his followers contained "deep ironies and contradictions," to use Carl Sagan's phrase. Pythagorean doctrine taught that knowledge should be kept secret from the masses, and moreover that the only way to understand the Cosmos was inner contemplation of mathematical ideas without observation or experiment. This attitude stands in stark contrast to the practical approach of Thales (c. 624 BCE - c. 547), Democritus (c. 460 BCE - c. 370 BCE) and other Ionians who grounded their speculations much more fully in observation. Elaborated and immortalized by Plato (c. 428 BCE - c. 348 BCE), the Pythagorean doctrine became a font of anti-rationalism. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Pythagoras.html MacTutor biography]; [[Pythagorean Theory of Music and Color]]; [[Pythagorean Numbers]]

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-06-17T19:17:31Z

Cal: /* Page 1071 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase. 
He's also the producer of such highbrow fare as African Antics, Shanghai Scampers and Roguish Redheads.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry? 
Fascism is the unity of government and industry, or big business - clearly a consistent theme in ATD. 
Granted on a theme of ATD, but Fascism is, historically and conceptually,
more--far worse-- than the unity of government and industry. 
True. I should have said it's "a key element." Interesting reading at Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_fascism Definitions of fascism]. I tend to think we're heading that way ourselves. But then, George Orwell's comment is valid, too.

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD. 
A reference to Fascist insignia.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''the man in the tarboosh''' 
So Lord Overlunch has been a secret operator in all this? He is apparently an agent of Shamballa.

'''the Ferrary sale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_von_Ferrary Philipp von Ferrary] was a legendary stamp collector. Wishing to make his unequaled collection accessible to the public, on January 30, 1915 he willed it to the Postmuseum in Berlin, along with funds for maintenance, 30,000 guldens. But as a citizen of Austria living in France, World War I put him at risk. Leaving his several hundred albums in the Austrian embassy, he fled to Switzerland in 1917. He died soon after, and so did not see the dismantling of his life's work after the war. The French government confiscated Ferrary's collection, claiming it as a war reparation. The massive assemblage was auctioned off between 1921 and 1926, in 14 separate sales, realizing some 30 million francs. Many of the rare stamps of today proudly bear an "ex-Ferrary" in their provenance.

'''Swedish three-skilling yellow''' 
A valuable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_Skilling_Yellow stamp] because it was issued printed on yellow colored paper (which was for the eight-skilling stamp) instead of the customary green.

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls, with the music provided by an accordion band. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_864-891#Page_891 page 891]

'''Garçons de '71''' 
Interesting [http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/military_balloons_in_Europe/LTA4G2.htm note and pic] here.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''Puisieulx''' 
One of the 17 Grand Cru (highest level of classification) of Champagne.

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-06-17T09:43:00Z

Cal: /* Page 1032 */ City of Our Lady, Queen of the Angels

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_bottle Wine bottle] with a capacity of 12 liters, which equals 16 standard bottles.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last, and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either. 
Wow, that Mencken quote is prophetic...

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
??? In music, ostinato refers to a short phrase that is repeated several times. The 2-note bass pattern from "Jaws" is an ostinato, as is the opening bass part to "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith and the bass part to Pachelbel's Canon. Any repeated riff in a rock song is an ostinato, from the opening guitar riff of "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" by the Rolling Stones to the voiced "Take a Chance"s by ABBA. Staccato is a direction in music meaning that the notes should be performed in an abrupt, sharp, clear-cut manner. It certainly pertains to machine-gun fire and Pynchon has the ostinati and the staccato "scored", which is also a musical term meaning the wriiten form of a musical composition.

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''chaffinch''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaffinch Wikipedia]

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartsease '''Heartsease'''] is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula '''Primula'''] - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula medicinal quality] of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ætherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floundering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==

'''City of Our Lady, Queen of the Angels''' 
Los Angeles was founded in 1781 as "Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles." 

'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light." 
Also: "we make our journies out there in the low light of the future, and return to the bourgeois day and its mass delusion of safety" (p. 942)

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. (Yes, because it's not factual but hypothetical). And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too. (The subjunctive mood is a mood that represents an act or state (not as a fact but) as contingent or possible. It is a grammatical form of verbs implying hypothetical action or condition. Subjunctives are italicized in these sentences: “If Mr. Stafford were (not “was”) fluent in French, he could communicate with his employees more effectively”; “If Sheila had been here, she would have helped us with our math.”)

==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details. Picture with clear explanation: [http://www.diycalculator.com/popup-h-console.shtml#A3]

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun. 
[[ATD_171-198#Page_195|See p. 195 and annotations]] for another allusion to this pair.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

:For a well-posed problem. This one isn't. There is no physical constraint that leads us to the one and only one correct value of C. Even if you grant the premise that we can "integrate" a photograph, we still don't have enough boundary conditions to get the unique physical solution. You can see—granting that premise—that ''the gentleman is walking in a straight line'' and ''the gentleman is walking in a circle'' are both valid solutions if the photograph shows a gentleman walking.

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. (In U.S. English, similarly, "Pappy" is a nickname for the leader of such a group—like [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=H#pappy Pappy Hod in ''V.''].)

The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

One seller of gaffer's tape (used in theater and film) says [http://www.thetapeworks.com/what_gaffer.htm the "gaff" story is incorrect,] but it isn't clear this is correct, because long poles called [http://www.prosoundweb.com/lighting/tech_reference/bill/terms/terms.shtml#hammer "hi-tech focusing aids"] are definitely still used in theater.

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1000-1017

2007-06-17T09:17:45Z

Cal: /* Page 1003 */ Balkan peoples

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1000==

'''L.A.H.D.I.D.A''' 
la-di-da: pretentious

'''Their foolish music is about to stop''' 
Vibe using the same image as Professor Sleepcoat, but from a different angle.

==Page 1001==

'''perfect ten-acre mesh''' 
Mutilation of the land by imposition of straight lines on it.

'''telpherage''' 
Cars suspended from overhead cables, or the system of cables.

==Page 1002==
'''all busy killin each other over some snarled-up politics way beyond any easy understanding''' 
No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred.

==Page 1003==

'''the whole history of those Balkan peoples is revenge, back and forth, families against families, and it never ends''' 
Again, no reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred.

'''Trinidad''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%2C_Colorado Trinidad] is the Spanish word for Trinity.

==Page 1004==

'''Toltec Hotel''' 
Now [http://www.historictrinidad.com/toltec.htm dilapidated] but perhaps being [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-125924698.html renovated].

'''Ludlow''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow%2C_CO Wikipedia]

'''Mother Jones''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Jones Mary Harris Jones] (1830-1930), labor organizer and advocate. A speech she made in Trinidad climaxed with: "Rise up and strike . . . strike until the last one of you drop into your graves. We are going to stand together and never surrender. Boys, always remember you ain't got a damn thing if you ain't got a union!"

'''the C.F.I. office''' 
Colorado Fuel and Iron; The Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I) steel mill on the south side of town was the main industry in Pueblo, Colorado for most of its history. Over the course of its history, the company has had several major labor disputes. The most famous of these culminated in the famous Ludlow Massacre at one of its coal mines in 1914; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Fuel_and_Iron Wikipedia entry]

==Page 1005==

'''...a halo or glory out of which anything might emerge...''' 
A glory is an optical phenomenon produced by light backscattered (a combination of diffraction, reflection and refraction) towards its source by a cloud of uniformly-sized water droplets. A glory has multiple colored rings. The angular size is much smaller than a rainbow, about 5° to 20°, depending on the size of the droplets, seen in the direction opposite the sun [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_%28optical_phenomenon%29]. The description here recalls the "somehow blazingly illuminated spaces" in Penhallow's paintings (P. 897).
(Glories are often seen in association with a Brocken spectre, the apparently enormously magnified shadow of an observer cast, when the Sun is low, upon the upper surfaces of clouds that are below the mountain upon which he stands; In ''GR'' Tyrone Slothrop experiences this phenomenon atop Mt. Greylock in Massachusetts).

==Page 1006==

==Page 1007==

'''Sister Clementia''' 
There is a Sister [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementia Clementia] in the play "Sancta Susanna" written by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Stramm August Stramm].

'''John Chase . . . General''' 
Commanding state militia in the coal war; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist3.html here is a summary of atrocities committed by his force.]

==Page 1008==

'''an inestimable edge both tactical and psychological''' 
The military, acting on behalf of the plutocrats, use a less-advanced form of the ''Interdikt'' weapon: light.

'''darkness . . . compassion''' 
Respite from the attack.

==Page 1009==

'''vagging''' 
Bogus arrest for vagrancy, a strikebreaking tactic.

'''the Baldwin-Felts "detective" agency''' 
Run from Bluefield, West Virginia, the company acted outside the law on behalf of industrialists until federal law banned the use of such private armies. Significantly, its records were destroyed when the agency went out of business in 1930.

==Page 1010==

'''With a rifle it's too personal''' 
As the 20th century progressed, first the machine gun, as described here, later high-altitude bombing, later nuclear-tipped missiles, provided increasingly impersonal, and therefore easier, means of killing, one factor adduced to explain the increasing toll of violence. Perhaps another paramorphic mirror image of the early 21st century, which has seen the advent of the suicide attacker and purposeful attacks on unengaged noncombatants.

==Page 1011==

'''Pueblo''' 
City along the Front Range south of Denver and Colorado Springs, where the Arkansas River exits its canyon, the first large city north of the coalfields and site of the huge CF&I steel plant. Pronounced "Pee-eb-low" by locals.

'''the 29 Luglio Saloon''' 
Italian: July 29, anniversary of King Umberto I's assassination (1900); see link in next entry.

'''Bresci . . . King Umberto . . .''' 
Cf [[ATD_724-747#Page_739|page 739: Bresci]].

'''. . . fallen somehow off a supply wagon . . .''' 
i.e. stolen.

==Page 1012==

'''Balkan folks . . . their Easter or somethin''' 
In 1914, Orthodox Easter fell on April 19 in the western calendar. Chase's final attack began the morning of the 20th.

Paramorphically speaking, April 19-20 is a busy day for fire and explosion:
*Battle of Lexington and Concord: the "shot heard round the world" opening the American Revolutionary War (19th, 1775)
*The above is why Patriot's Day started as April 19 in Massachusetts, legendarily the anniversary of Paul Revere's Midnight 4/18-19 ride.
*Beginning of the French Revolutionary Wars (20th, 1792)
*Hitler's birthday (20th, 1889)
*Destruction of Toronto by fire (19th, 1904)
*Beginning of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (19th, 1943)
*Failure of the Bay of Pigs raid (19th, 1961)
*Explosion of a gun turret on USS ''Iowa'' (19th, 1989)
*Branch Davidian compound fire (19th, 1993)
*Oklahoma City bombing (19th, 1995)
*Columbine High School shootings and heaviest US bombing of Kossovo (20th, 1999)
*The firey end of the sign of Aries, ruled by Mars, God of War
*And in ''AtD'' the Ludlow Massacre (20th, 1914)
all fell on these two days. For more, type the date in Wikipedia's search window.

==Page 1013==

'''mercenaries called themselves "the American Legion"''' 
Not ''that'' American Legion. These soldiers of fortune enlisted under Pancho Villa. [http://www.netdotcom.com/revmexpc/fortune.htm This web site has numerous pictures of them.]

==Page 1014==

==Page 1015==

'''Ku Klux Klan''' 
Colorado was a stronghold of the KKK into the 1920s. As late as the 1980s there was sporadic Klan activity around Colorado Springs, then attributed to groups at nearby Fort Carson. But the area was also a site of the militant right wing Posse Comitatus movement.

'''Brice''' 
Possibly named after [http://www.christdesert.org/cgi-bin/martyrology.dynamic.5.cgi?month=10&day=13&date=Go Saint Brice].

==Page 1016==

==Page 1017==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1000-1017

2007-06-17T09:15:36Z

Cal: /* Page 1002 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1000==

'''L.A.H.D.I.D.A''' 
la-di-da: pretentious

'''Their foolish music is about to stop''' 
Vibe using the same image as Professor Sleepcoat, but from a different angle.

==Page 1001==

'''perfect ten-acre mesh''' 
Mutilation of the land by imposition of straight lines on it.

'''telpherage''' 
Cars suspended from overhead cables, or the system of cables.

==Page 1002==
'''all busy killin each other over some snarled-up politics way beyond any easy understanding''' 
No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred.

==Page 1003==

'''Trinidad''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%2C_Colorado Trinidad] is the Spanish word for Trinity.

==Page 1004==

'''Toltec Hotel''' 
Now [http://www.historictrinidad.com/toltec.htm dilapidated] but perhaps being [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-125924698.html renovated].

'''Ludlow''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow%2C_CO Wikipedia]

'''Mother Jones''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Jones Mary Harris Jones] (1830-1930), labor organizer and advocate. A speech she made in Trinidad climaxed with: "Rise up and strike . . . strike until the last one of you drop into your graves. We are going to stand together and never surrender. Boys, always remember you ain't got a damn thing if you ain't got a union!"

'''the C.F.I. office''' 
Colorado Fuel and Iron; The Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I) steel mill on the south side of town was the main industry in Pueblo, Colorado for most of its history. Over the course of its history, the company has had several major labor disputes. The most famous of these culminated in the famous Ludlow Massacre at one of its coal mines in 1914; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Fuel_and_Iron Wikipedia entry]

==Page 1005==

'''...a halo or glory out of which anything might emerge...''' 
A glory is an optical phenomenon produced by light backscattered (a combination of diffraction, reflection and refraction) towards its source by a cloud of uniformly-sized water droplets. A glory has multiple colored rings. The angular size is much smaller than a rainbow, about 5° to 20°, depending on the size of the droplets, seen in the direction opposite the sun [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_%28optical_phenomenon%29]. The description here recalls the "somehow blazingly illuminated spaces" in Penhallow's paintings (P. 897).
(Glories are often seen in association with a Brocken spectre, the apparently enormously magnified shadow of an observer cast, when the Sun is low, upon the upper surfaces of clouds that are below the mountain upon which he stands; In ''GR'' Tyrone Slothrop experiences this phenomenon atop Mt. Greylock in Massachusetts).

==Page 1006==

==Page 1007==

'''Sister Clementia''' 
There is a Sister [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementia Clementia] in the play "Sancta Susanna" written by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Stramm August Stramm].

'''John Chase . . . General''' 
Commanding state militia in the coal war; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist3.html here is a summary of atrocities committed by his force.]

==Page 1008==

'''an inestimable edge both tactical and psychological''' 
The military, acting on behalf of the plutocrats, use a less-advanced form of the ''Interdikt'' weapon: light.

'''darkness . . . compassion''' 
Respite from the attack.

==Page 1009==

'''vagging''' 
Bogus arrest for vagrancy, a strikebreaking tactic.

'''the Baldwin-Felts "detective" agency''' 
Run from Bluefield, West Virginia, the company acted outside the law on behalf of industrialists until federal law banned the use of such private armies. Significantly, its records were destroyed when the agency went out of business in 1930.

==Page 1010==

'''With a rifle it's too personal''' 
As the 20th century progressed, first the machine gun, as described here, later high-altitude bombing, later nuclear-tipped missiles, provided increasingly impersonal, and therefore easier, means of killing, one factor adduced to explain the increasing toll of violence. Perhaps another paramorphic mirror image of the early 21st century, which has seen the advent of the suicide attacker and purposeful attacks on unengaged noncombatants.

==Page 1011==

'''Pueblo''' 
City along the Front Range south of Denver and Colorado Springs, where the Arkansas River exits its canyon, the first large city north of the coalfields and site of the huge CF&I steel plant. Pronounced "Pee-eb-low" by locals.

'''the 29 Luglio Saloon''' 
Italian: July 29, anniversary of King Umberto I's assassination (1900); see link in next entry.

'''Bresci . . . King Umberto . . .''' 
Cf [[ATD_724-747#Page_739|page 739: Bresci]].

'''. . . fallen somehow off a supply wagon . . .''' 
i.e. stolen.

==Page 1012==

'''Balkan folks . . . their Easter or somethin''' 
In 1914, Orthodox Easter fell on April 19 in the western calendar. Chase's final attack began the morning of the 20th.

Paramorphically speaking, April 19-20 is a busy day for fire and explosion:
*Battle of Lexington and Concord: the "shot heard round the world" opening the American Revolutionary War (19th, 1775)
*The above is why Patriot's Day started as April 19 in Massachusetts, legendarily the anniversary of Paul Revere's Midnight 4/18-19 ride.
*Beginning of the French Revolutionary Wars (20th, 1792)
*Hitler's birthday (20th, 1889)
*Destruction of Toronto by fire (19th, 1904)
*Beginning of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (19th, 1943)
*Failure of the Bay of Pigs raid (19th, 1961)
*Explosion of a gun turret on USS ''Iowa'' (19th, 1989)
*Branch Davidian compound fire (19th, 1993)
*Oklahoma City bombing (19th, 1995)
*Columbine High School shootings and heaviest US bombing of Kossovo (20th, 1999)
*The firey end of the sign of Aries, ruled by Mars, God of War
*And in ''AtD'' the Ludlow Massacre (20th, 1914)
all fell on these two days. For more, type the date in Wikipedia's search window.

==Page 1013==

'''mercenaries called themselves "the American Legion"''' 
Not ''that'' American Legion. These soldiers of fortune enlisted under Pancho Villa. [http://www.netdotcom.com/revmexpc/fortune.htm This web site has numerous pictures of them.]

==Page 1014==

==Page 1015==

'''Ku Klux Klan''' 
Colorado was a stronghold of the KKK into the 1920s. As late as the 1980s there was sporadic Klan activity around Colorado Springs, then attributed to groups at nearby Fort Carson. But the area was also a site of the militant right wing Posse Comitatus movement.

'''Brice''' 
Possibly named after [http://www.christdesert.org/cgi-bin/martyrology.dynamic.5.cgi?month=10&day=13&date=Go Saint Brice].

==Page 1016==

==Page 1017==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

O

2007-06-16T23:38:20Z

Cal:

'''Obock''' 
See [[ATD_892-918#obock|annotation p. 904]].

'''Odo''' 
Ictibus's assistant; 344;

'''Oeuillade, Jean-Raoul''' 
1066; "Oeuillade" is another name for the red-wine grape Cinsaut or Cinsault, that is widely planted in France. Cinsaut grapes can withstand very hot weather and are highly productive, creating wines that are light in body and neutral in flavor. Because of their high acidity and low tannins, Cinsaut wines are usually balanced with a blend of grenache and/or carignin (in Languedoc-Roussillon and surrounding areas). In the southern rhône where its yield is strictly controlled (a limited volume per acre), Cinsaut produces wines that are more deeply colored, concentrated, and flavorful. [http://www.answers.com/topic/cinsaut]

'''Offenbach''' 
422; "Halls of Montezoo-HOO-ma"

'''Ogdai''' 
765; Doosra's horse

'''Ohmic Drift Compensator''' 
565;

'''Okhrana''' 
716; secret police force of the Russian Empire and part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in late 1800s, aided by Special Corps of Gendarmes. The primary purpose of the agency was the security of the tsar and royal family, including, but not limited to, fighting hostile organizations: terrorists ("bombists"), socialists, and revolutionaries; and Padzy, 779;

'''"Old Zip Coon"''' 
33; Sung to the tune of "Turkey In The Straw," "Old Zip Coon" was written around 1829 by either George Washington Dixon, Bob Farrell or George Nichols, as the composer credit is disputed. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_in_the_Straw Wikipedia entry]; [[Old_Zip_Coon|The Lyrics]]

'''Old Gideon''' 
40; bourbon

'''Old Stearinery Bell Tower''' 
412;

'''Oltre Giubba''' 
30; Oltre Giuba (Italian Jubaland) is a strip of land 50 to 100 miles in width, west of the Juba River in East Africa. It was ceded to Italy by Great Britain in 1924. Oltre Giuba was incorporated into Italian Somaliland on July 1 that year, and stamps for Oltre Giuba were discontinued. In 1936 it became part of Italian East Africa.

'''One-Tooth Elsie''' 
345;

'''Oneida''' 
473; Crystal's cousin; the [http://oneida-nation.net/ Oneida] are an American Indian tribe in New York;

'''opopanax and vervain''' 
399; opopanax, also called "sweet myrhh", is an odorous gum resin formerly used in medicines; the highly flammable resin can be burned as incense to produce a scent somewhat like balsam or lavender. '''Vervain''' is believed to be a galactagogue (promotes secretion of milk). Folk legend states that vervain (Common Vervain V. officinalis) was used to staunch Jesus's wounds after his removal from the cross. Tea can also be made from vervain, as a remedy for insomnia.

'''orange phosphate''' 
47;

'''Organization, The''' 
845; in Salonica, assassinating Bulgarians for Greeks and Turkish police

'''Oriental Presence''' 
682;

'''Original Sin''' 
87; 145; "no such thing as," 223; responsible for the Southwestern desert, 393;

'''O'Rooney, Wolfe Tone''' 
370; "travelling insurrectionist" in Maman in New Orleans; "Way of the Potato" 373; "after weapons for the Irish cause" 642; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobald_Wolfe_Tone Theobald Wolfe Tone], commonly known as Wolfe Tone (1763-1798) was a leading figure in the United Irishmen Irish independence movement and is regarded as the father of Irish republicans. He died, allegedly by cutting his own throat, following an illness after being sentenced to death for his part in the Irish Rebellion of 1798; 890;

A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_tone wolf tone], or simply a "wolf", is a noise that is produced when a note played on a stringed instrument matches the natural resonating frequency of the instrument, producing a tone that is loud and harsh, and basically unwelcomed by most musicians.

'''Orozco, Pascual''' 
983; "once a major force in the Madero Revolution"; Orozquista, 983;

'''Orpheus''' 
and Atys, 612; "a lyre tuning that [...] may be traceable all the way back to Orpheus himself, who was a native of Thrace, after all, and was eventually worshipped there as a god" 640; "[Bilocation] had begun to filter into ancient Greece around the seventh century B.C., and become a feature of Orphic, and presently Pythagorean, religion" 686; "the similarity, if not identity, between Pythagorean and Orphic teachings" 940; Because what he could make out were words only the young had any right to sing [...] as if Orpheus might once have sung it to Eurydice in Hell, calling downward through intoxicant fumes, across helically thundering watercourse" 945-946; "Later the Professor seemed to have Orpheus on the brain" 946; "the Thracian demigod Orpheus, and his dismemberment not far from here, on the banks of the Hebrus River" 956; "At some point Orpheus, never comfortable in any kind of history that could not be sung, changed identities, or slowly blended with another demigod, Zalmoxis" 957; "In the Orphic story of the world’s beginning, Night preceded the creation of the Universe, she was the daughter of Chaos" 959"; [[Orpheus|More detail on entries...]]

'''Orthogonal''' 
(need other page numbers); 632; ''"a wild exclusion from the primly orthogonal floor-plans...;'' 843; ''"mosqueless idea of a city is nearly upon us, dull, modern, orthogonal..."'' 1080: "he toppled into the curiously orthagonal opening..." 

Of or relating to right angles, also of or relating to a linear transformation preserving vector lengths. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal Wikipedia entry]

'''Other Side, the''' 
381; 389;

'''Otis, Gray''' 
1058; See [[M#mcnamaras|McNamara, John L. & James B.]]

'''Ottician, Vastroslav''' 
871; Zlatko's brother

'''Ottician, Zlatko''' 
864; Vlado Clissan's cousin;

'''Otzovists''' 
616; radical wing of the Bolsheviks, led by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Bogdanov Alexander Bogdanov]; the God-builders, 616; "anti-Leninist Bolshies" 631; 719;

'''Ouspensky, Peter D. (1878-1947)''' 
602; Russian philosopher with an analytic and mystical bent who combined geometry and psychology in his discussion of higher dimensions of existence. During his years in Moscow he wrote for several newspapers, and was particularly interested in the then-fashionable idea of the fourth dimension. He is best known, however, for his expositions of the early work of the Greek-Armenian mystic, G.I. Gurdjieff. ''The Fourth Dimension'', 602; 616; 781; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._D._Ouspensky Wikipedia entry]

'''Oust, Ewball''' 
374; Anarchist and "a young fellow from Lake County, on the way down to the Veta Madre"; in Mexico; now in arms procurement, with Frank Traverse in Mexico, 637; with Stray, 921; "Stray had grown increasingly fascinated with Ewball, even though, as she reminded him every chance she got, he wasn’t really her type." 926; parting with Stray, 977; in Mexico with Frank Traverse and Stray, 921; "the one with the destiny" 981;

:Oust is a [http://www.oust.com odor eliminator] the container of which has a quite phallic shape. And there's that phallic "U" again (See [[ATD_119-148#Page_130|p.130]]), conjoined with "ball" which the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines as "5. Any rounded protuberant part of the body." It is thought that "ball" is derived from the Indo-European word ''bhel'', meaning to blow, swell; with derivatives referring to various round objects and to the notion of tumescent masculinity. Derivatives include ''boulevard'', ''boulder'', ''phallus'', ''balloon'', ''ballot'', and ''fool''. [http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/roots/zzb01800.html] So Ewball Oust comfortably plays into [[The Sexual Angle]] in ''AtD'', where sexual names proliferate.

'''Oust, Ewball Sr.''' 
978; father of Ewball Jr.

'''Oust, Moline Velma''' 
977; wife of Ewball Sr. and mother of Ewball Jr.;

'''Oust, Toplady''' 
374; Ewball's uncle "Top", brother of Ewball Sr.; named after the Reverend [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Montague_Toplady Augustus Montague Toplady], the composer of "Rock of Ages."

'''Outer Indianoplace''' 
29; "Indianoplace is generally regarded as derogatory name for Indianapolis, Indiana. Comes from the evident lack of anything to do other than get drunk and watch sports and the appearant resistance of many of its inhabitants to allow culture, change, or diversity into the mix; [http://www.urbandictionary.com From Urban Dictionary]

'''Overlunch, Lord & Lady''' 
902; and Bananas, their sumptuous Oxfordshire manor; in Paris for stamp sale, 1081;

'''Oxus''' 
753; Oxus, or Amu Darya, one of the great rivers of Central Asia. Prior to the meeting of the commissions appointed for the determination of the Russo-Afghan boundary in 1885, no very accurate geographical knowledge of the upper Oxus regions existed, and the course of the river itself was but roughly mapped. From Lake Victoria (Sor-Kul) in the Pamirs, which was originally reckoned as the true source of the river, to Khamiab, on the edge of the Andkhui district of Afghan Turkestan, for a distance of about 680 m., the Oxus forms the boundary between Afghanistan and Russia. For another 550 m. below Khamiab it follows an open and sluggish course till it is lost in the Sea of Aral, being spanned at Charjui, 150 m. below Khamiab, by the wooden bridge which carries the Russian railway from Mer y to Samarkand. [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Oxus 1911 Encyclopedia Brittanica]

'''Oyswharf, Dr.''' 
182; [[Dr. Oyswharf | DISCUSSION]]

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-06-16T23:17:11Z

Cal: /* Page 1081 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase. 
He's also the producer of such highbrow fare as African Antics, Shanghai Scampers and Roguish Redheads.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry? 
Fascism is the unity of government and industry, or big business - clearly a consistent theme in ATD.

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD. 
A reference to Fascist insignia.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''the man in the tarboosh''' 
So Lord Overlunch has been a secret operator in all this? He is apparently an agent of Shamballa.

'''the Ferrary sale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_von_Ferrary Philipp von Ferrary] was a legendary stamp collector. Wishing to make his unequaled collection accessible to the public, on January 30, 1915 he willed it to the Postmuseum in Berlin, along with funds for maintenance, 30,000 guldens. But as a citizen of Austria living in France, World War I put him at risk. Leaving his several hundred albums in the Austrian embassy, he fled to Switzerland in 1917. He died soon after, and so did not see the dismantling of his life's work after the war. The French government confiscated Ferrary's collection, claiming it as a war reparation. The massive assemblage was auctioned off between 1921 and 1926, in 14 separate sales, realizing some 30 million francs. Many of the rare stamps of today proudly bear an "ex-Ferrary" in their provenance.

'''Swedish three-skilling yellow''' 
A valuable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_Skilling_Yellow stamp] because it was issued printed on yellow colored paper (which was for the eight-skilling stamp) instead of the customary green.

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls, with the music provided by an accordion band. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_864-891#Page_891 page 891]

'''Garçons de '71''' 
Interesting [http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/military_balloons_in_Europe/LTA4G2.htm note and pic] here.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''Puisieulx''' 
One of the 17 Grand Cru (highest level of classification) of Champagne.

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-06-16T23:09:38Z

Cal: /* Page 1071 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase. 
He's also the producer of such highbrow fare as African Antics, Shanghai Scampers and Roguish Redheads.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry? 
Fascism is the unity of government and industry, or big business - clearly a consistent theme in ATD.

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD. 
A reference to Fascist insignia.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''the Ferrary sale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_von_Ferrary Philipp von Ferrary] was a legendary stamp collector. Wishing to make his unequaled collection accessible to the public, on January 30, 1915 he willed it to the Postmuseum in Berlin, along with funds for maintenance, 30,000 guldens. But as a citizen of Austria living in France, World War I put him at risk. Leaving his several hundred albums in the Austrian embassy, he fled to Switzerland in 1917. He died soon after, and so did not see the dismantling of his life's work after the war. The French government confiscated Ferrary's collection, claiming it as a war reparation. The massive assemblage was auctioned off between 1921 and 1926, in 14 separate sales, realizing some 30 million francs. Many of the rare stamps of today proudly bear an "ex-Ferrary" in their provenance.

'''Swedish three-skilling yellow''' 
A valuable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_Skilling_Yellow stamp] because it was issued printed on yellow colored paper (which was for the eight-skilling stamp) instead of the customary green.

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls, with the music provided by an accordion band. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_864-891#Page_891 page 891]

'''Garçons de '71''' 
Interesting [http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/military_balloons_in_Europe/LTA4G2.htm note and pic] here.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''Puisieulx''' 
One of the 17 Grand Cru (highest level of classification) of Champagne.

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-06-16T22:51:26Z

Cal: /* Page 1072 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase. 
He's also the producer of such highbrow fare as African Antics, Shanghai Scampers and Roguish Redheads.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD. 
A reference to Fascist insignia.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''the Ferrary sale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_von_Ferrary Philipp von Ferrary] was a legendary stamp collector. Wishing to make his unequaled collection accessible to the public, on January 30, 1915 he willed it to the Postmuseum in Berlin, along with funds for maintenance, 30,000 guldens. But as a citizen of Austria living in France, World War I put him at risk. Leaving his several hundred albums in the Austrian embassy, he fled to Switzerland in 1917. He died soon after, and so did not see the dismantling of his life's work after the war. The French government confiscated Ferrary's collection, claiming it as a war reparation. The massive assemblage was auctioned off between 1921 and 1926, in 14 separate sales, realizing some 30 million francs. Many of the rare stamps of today proudly bear an "ex-Ferrary" in their provenance.

'''Swedish three-skilling yellow''' 
A valuable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_Skilling_Yellow stamp] because it was issued printed on yellow colored paper (which was for the eight-skilling stamp) instead of the customary green.

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls, with the music provided by an accordion band. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_864-891#Page_891 page 891]

'''Garçons de '71''' 
Interesting [http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/military_balloons_in_Europe/LTA4G2.htm note and pic] here.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''Puisieulx''' 
One of the 17 Grand Cru (highest level of classification) of Champagne.

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-06-16T22:48:45Z

Cal: /* Page 1066 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase. 
He's also the producer of such highbrow fare as African Antics, Shanghai Scampers and Roguish Redheads.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''the Ferrary sale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_von_Ferrary Philipp von Ferrary] was a legendary stamp collector. Wishing to make his unequaled collection accessible to the public, on January 30, 1915 he willed it to the Postmuseum in Berlin, along with funds for maintenance, 30,000 guldens. But as a citizen of Austria living in France, World War I put him at risk. Leaving his several hundred albums in the Austrian embassy, he fled to Switzerland in 1917. He died soon after, and so did not see the dismantling of his life's work after the war. The French government confiscated Ferrary's collection, claiming it as a war reparation. The massive assemblage was auctioned off between 1921 and 1926, in 14 separate sales, realizing some 30 million francs. Many of the rare stamps of today proudly bear an "ex-Ferrary" in their provenance.

'''Swedish three-skilling yellow''' 
A valuable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_Skilling_Yellow stamp] because it was issued printed on yellow colored paper (which was for the eight-skilling stamp) instead of the customary green.

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls, with the music provided by an accordion band. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_864-891#Page_891 page 891]

'''Garçons de '71''' 
Interesting [http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/military_balloons_in_Europe/LTA4G2.htm note and pic] here.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''Puisieulx''' 
One of the 17 Grand Cru (highest level of classification) of Champagne.

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1040-1062

2007-06-16T22:34:17Z

Cal: /* Page 1042 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1040==

==Page 1041==

'''Dr. Ghloix''' 
He was also the alienist of the Vormance expedition (page 132).

'''shadow-factories''' 
Movie studios.

'''Thetis Pomidor''' 
Thetis the Silver-Footed is a Nereid (sea nymph) in Greek mythology. She is the mother of Achilles, who seeks to prevent his death by dipping him in the water of the river Styx (holding him by the famously vulnerable heel), by trying to prevent him from joining the war at Troy, and by persuading him not to try to avenge Patroclus. In the end she has made for him the magnificent shield he carries in his duel with Hector.

Pomidor is the Polish word for "tomato" (possibly other languages too). (A "tomato" = a "hottie" in mid 20th century slang).

==Page 1042==

'''Erno Rapée''' 
1891-1945, Hungarian-born composer for American movies. He published a book of "photoplay music" for the silents.

'''Shalimar''' 
Excessively evocative name for a detective's moll; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalimar the Wikipedia disambiguation page] leads to many of the meanings.

'''Mezzanine Perkins''' 
Her given name suggests a physical attribute also called "balcony," while her surname makes a nice fit with another desirable quality, "perkiness."

'''Chester LeStreet''' 
Chester le Street is a town in the north east of England. Home of Durham County Cricket club, amongst other things.

TRP almost certainly picked up on the name during research for 'Mason & Dixon'. Dixon was a native of County Durham, which is home to a number of odd place names (e.g. Pity Me, No Place). Chester-le-Street is roughly 15 miles south of Newcastle upon Tyne.

I imagine TRP keeping long lists of potential character names from odd terminology which he runs across in his research...

'''Vertex Club''' 
The vertex is the intersection of two lines of an angle, the zero point on a graph/grid. Recalls the V Note in ''V.''.

'''Miss Jardine Maraca''' 
Allusion to Beach Boys guitarist [http://www.aljardine.com Al Jardine,] who bears a reasonably common surname? Rude teenagers in the 1960s sometimes used the word "maracas" when they didn't want to come right out and refer to a girl's bazongas.

==Page 1043==

'''the days just before the earthquake''' 
The quake of June 29, 1925, destroyed the center of Santa Barbara and occasioned rebuilding to a "Mission-style" plan.

'''hop''' 
Marijuana.

==Page 1044==

'''smoked a Fatima''' 
Sometime in the mid-20th century, this American cigarette brand sponsored a radio program starring Basil Rathbone.

==Page 1045==

'''glass mattes''' 
Scenes painted on glass could be filmed along with the action, so that large or intricate backgrounds did not have to be built to full scale.

==Page 1046==

'''Olga Nethersole''' 
British actress and producer, 1863-1941; had successful tours in the U.S. and elsewhere.

'''Mrs. Fiske''' 
American actress Minnie Maddern Fiske, 1865-1932; a leading figure on the stage; made movies of two of her theatrical productions.

==Page 1047==

'''Li'l Jailbirds''' 
Some points in common with the Little Tough Guys, Dead End Kids, East Side Kids and other movie series; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Tough_Guys see the Wikipedia entry.]

'''one-reel comedies''' 
A reel of film ran off in something over 12 minutes.

'''orthochromatic film''' 
Film with low sensitivity to red light. The human face reflects a lot of red light, which made little impression on the film, so that faces tended to look dark in the projected image. Adaptations in the studio included green makeup to bring the face into highlight.

'''birch beer''' 
Carbonated soft drink made with birch bark or oil, typically popular in northeastern U.S. and Newfoundland.

'''stuffed peppers they liked to call "mangoes"''' 
This term for bell peppers occurs in the Midwest and especially southern Ohio.

==Page 1048==

'''a P.E. stop''' 
"P.E." stands for "Pacific Electric." The Pacific Electric Railway (AAR reporting mark is PE), also known as the Red Car system, was a mass transit system in Southern California using streetcars, light rail and buses. At its greatest extent, around 1925, the system connected cities in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, and to Riverside County and San Bernardino County in the Inland Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Electric_Railway Wikipedia]

'''runs through the time between the picture was taken and now in a matter of seconds''' 
The reason this may sound plausible is that analog computers were used in just this way to generate artillery firing tables. But in the artillery case, the parameters of motion were given; photographic film does not record this information.

==Page 1049==

'''''Intolerance''''' 
Intolerance: Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages (1916) was D.W. Griffith's follow-up to ''Birth of a Nation''.
Intolerance and its effects are examined in four historical eras. In ancient Babylon, a mountain girl is caught up in the religious rivalry that leads to the city's downfall. In Judea, the hypocritical Pharisees condemn Jesus Christ. In 1572 Paris, unaware of the impending St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, two young Huguenots prepare for marriage. Finally, in modern America, social reformers destroy the lives of a young woman and her beloved. The sets were reportedly spectacular, and on a huge scale.

'''the ''Times'' bombing''' 
[http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/la/scandals/times.html The Bombing of the ''Los Angles Times''], October 1, 1910.

'''the constant term in the primitive, which differentiation has taken to zero''' 
Last part first: differentiation is the operation of finding the rate of change of a quantity; a constant doesn't change, so its differentiation yields a result of zero. The "primitive" is the function that was differentiated; if it contained a constant term, that has vanished and must be restored. Reconstruction of the primitive therefore involves reversing the differentiation (finding the "indefinite integral") and setting the correct value of the constant term. By guesswork in this instance. No, it doesn't work, but remember that this is ''alchemy'' we're talking about.

Or 'Pataphysics.

Consider a pun on "primitive" in Pynchon's worldview...the primitive being a good thing, now vanished.

==Page 1050==

'''his official . . . life . . . a completely different life''' 
The reconstruction of the "primitive" (page 1049) entails fixing a value for the constant term. The operator can choose the "official" value and get Lew's "supposed-to-be" life as output, or can choose a different value and track some unofficial life. The machine can't tell the difference.

'''Louis Le Prince''' 
1842-90. Inventor in 1888 of the "chronophotographe" process. Widely acknowledged to be first to photograph motion. He vanished from a train.

==Page 1051==

'''mazuma''' 
Slang; Yiddish derived from Hebrew: money.

==Page 1052==

'''a company-issued Bulldog''' 
A Bulldog is a small, "snubbie" revolver, with a very high power-to-weight ratio, perfect for carrying in the pocket as a concealed weapon or, in Deuce's case, in a shoulder holster. First referred to in the "Beavers of the Brain" song, [[ATD 171-198#Page 183|p. 183]]

==Page 1053==

''''em mick bastards bombed the ''Times''''' 
James and Joseph McNamara ultimately pleaded guilty to the bombing (see [[#Page 1049|page 1049]] and [[#Page 1058|page 1058]]).

'''dago dynamiters''' 
Deuce must have acquired this bit of alliterative bigotry somewhere and randomly dropped it into his rant.

==Page 1054==

'''the Universal Dream Casino''' 
???

'''Chinese fourths''' 
??? The interval of a fourth in music consists of 2 whole-tones plus one half-tone. The following are all fourths: from do to fa, re to sol, mi to la; fa to ti is a tritone. In the context here, the 2 notes in the interval are being played simultaneously. In the music of the Western world (North America, Europe, and Australia), if one plays parallel fourths (e.g., do-fa to re-sol, to mi-la), it sounds like Chinese music. Authentic Chinese music is played using an Eastern scale which is different from the Western scale people in the West are used to, which is why Chinese music might sound out of tune ("jangling") to someone from the West.

==Page 1055==

==Page 1056==

'''it's no longer possible to go back the way they came''' 
A situation encountered before in ''AtD,'' for example Kit's predicament at the doubling of ''Stupendica.''

==Page 1057==

==Page 1058==

'''it wasn't Haymarket . . . It wasn't Ludlow. It wasn't the Palmer raids''' 
Haymarket bombing; Colorado coal war; Justice Department campaign against American leftists under Woodrow Wilson's attorney general Alexander M. Palmer.

'''Gray Otis . . . the McNamaras . . . Brother Darrow''' 
the McNamaras were accused of dynamiting the Los Angeles Times building on October 1, 1910, resulting in the death of 21 persons. The crime was one of a nation-wide series intended to prevent the use of non-union materials and non-union labor. The defendants were strongly supported by the American Federation of Labor. Later the accused pleaded guilty, and James B. McNamara was sentenced to life imprisonment and John McNamara to imprisonment for 15 years. The pro-McNamara forces claimed that escaping gas, not a bomb, had destroyed the Times building. More extremist labor sympathizers charged that Otis himself had arranged the explosion.

Harrison Gray Otis (1837-1917) was an American newspaper publisher who directed the Los Angeles Times from 1886 until after World War I, which he edited with an iron hand, becoming one of the most powerful figures in southern California. He made his newspaper a voice of Republican interests, and he opposed labor unions.

The McNamara brothers trial, which ended just as it began with confessions of guilt by the McNamaras, set the cause of organized labor on the West Coast back by decades. [http://law.jrank.org/pages/2770/McNamara-Brothers-Trial-1911.html More...]

It also nearly ruined the career of Clarence Darrow (1857-1938), one of America's leading criminal defense lawyers, who represented the McNamaras in the trial. Bert Franklin, on Darrow's payroll, was caught bribing two of the jurors in the McNamara trial. He plead ed guilty to jury tampering and he testified that Darrow had known and approved of the bribery efforts.

Darrow was arrested and put on trial. When organized labor turned its back on Darrow's request for financial assistance, Darrow had to pay all the legal costs of the 13-week trial out of his own pocket. Darrow denied the charges, and on August 14 and 15, 1912, gave an impassioned closing speech to the jurors, in which he claimed that:

:"I am not on trial for having sought to bribe a man named Lockwood. I am on trial because I have been a lover of the poor, a friend of the oppressed, because I have stood by Labor for all these years."

On August 15, 1912, the jury returned a verdict of not guilty after deliberating for less than an hour. [http://law.jrank.org/pages/2768/McNamara-Brothers-Trial-1911-Darrow-Tried-Bribing-Jurors.html More about Darrow's trial...]

==Page 1059==

'''paradiddle''' 
In this sense perhaps more often "taradiddle." Fiddle, finagle, wriggle. In strict pedantic usage "paradiddle" is a kind of quadruple stroke on the snare drum. Nothing pedantic about it, LeStreet is the drummer in the house band at the Vertex Club and a paradiddle is a 4-beat exercise pattern on the snare drum. E.g., R-R-L-R-L-L-R-L or R-L-R-R-L-R-L-L or etc. (there are lots of paradiddles). The purpose is to play them fast enough so that it sounds like a roll. Different patterns produce rolls that sound distinct from each other, very important to a jazz drummer.

'''a barnstormer's Curtis JN''' 
An army surplus airplane from the World War, bought and flown by an itinerant pilot in aerobatic exhibitions. Nicknamed "Jenny," the plane was pictured on a 1918 airmail stamp; some sheets had the center image printed upside down: the "Jenny Invert."

==Page 1060==

'''constant-term recalibration, or C.T.R.''' 
[[ATD_1040-1062#Page_1050|See annotation to page 1050.]]

'''spagyrist''' 
Alchemist, especially one seeking cures. Follower of Paracelsus.

'''Doddling''' 
(1) Frequent misspelling of "dawdling." (2) Easy duty for an English bus conductor (e.g., issuing tickets but not supervising operations). (3) Sexual intercourse.

'''Tree of Diana''' 
Branching possibilities, alternate histories branching out from any given moment.

'''...one compassionate time-machine story, time travel in the name of love...''' 
Two come to mind: Robert Heinlein: ''The Door Into Summer'' and Jack Finney: ''Time and Again''. In both a protagonist succcessfully chases an impossible love through time.
:And don't forget the special meaning of "compassionate" in ''AtD,'' "the Compassionate" = the Chums of Chance.

A possibility: "The Compassionate" = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes, or Furies, in Greek myth ? = The Chums of Chance.

==Page 1061==

'''mathematical mists''' 
Recalls Kit's dream on P.566, of equations permitting a view into possible worlds.
Also recalls Julian Barbour's work on probablity mists hovering over possible time capsules. Please see his book, [http://www.platonia.com/index.html ''The End of Time''] for more details.

==Page 1062==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-06-16T22:22:30Z

Cal: /* Page 1032 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_bottle Wine bottle] with a capacity of 12 liters, which equals 16 standard bottles.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last, and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either. 
Wow, that Mencken quote is prophetic...

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
??? In music, ostinato refers to a short phrase that is repeated several times. The 2-note bass pattern from "Jaws" is an ostinato, as is the opening bass part to "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith and the bass part to Pachelbel's Canon. Any repeated riff in a rock song is an ostinato, from the opening guitar riff of "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" by the Rolling Stones to the voiced "Take a Chance"s by ABBA. Staccato is a direction in music meaning that the notes should be performed in an abrupt, sharp, clear-cut manner. It certainly pertains to machine-gun fire and Pynchon has the ostinati and the staccato "scored", which is also a musical term meaning the wriiten form of a musical composition.

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''chaffinch''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaffinch Wikipedia]

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartsease '''Heartsease'''] is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula '''Primula'''] - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula medicinal quality] of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ætherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floundering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==
'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light." 
Also: "we make our journies out there in the low light of the future, and return to the bourgeois day and its mass delusion of safety" (p. 942)

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. (Yes, because it's not factual but hypothetical). And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too. (The subjunctive mood is a mood that represents an act or state (not as a fact but) as contingent or possible. It is a grammatical form of verbs implying hypothetical action or condition. Subjunctives are italicized in these sentences: “If Mr. Stafford were (not “was”) fluent in French, he could communicate with his employees more effectively”; “If Sheila had been here, she would have helped us with our math.”)

==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details. Picture with clear explanation: [http://www.diycalculator.com/popup-h-console.shtml#A3]

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun. 
[[ATD_171-198#Page_195|See p. 195 and annotations]] for another allusion to this pair.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

:For a well-posed problem. This one isn't. There is no physical constraint that leads us to the one and only one correct value of C. Even if you grant the premise that we can "integrate" a photograph, we still don't have enough boundary conditions to get the unique physical solution. You can see—granting that premise—that ''the gentleman is walking in a straight line'' and ''the gentleman is walking in a circle'' are both valid solutions if the photograph shows a gentleman walking.

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. (In U.S. English, similarly, "Pappy" is a nickname for the leader of such a group—like [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=H#pappy Pappy Hod in ''V.''].)

The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

One seller of gaffer's tape (used in theater and film) says [http://www.thetapeworks.com/what_gaffer.htm the "gaff" story is incorrect,] but it isn't clear this is correct, because long poles called [http://www.prosoundweb.com/lighting/tech_reference/bill/terms/terms.shtml#hammer "hi-tech focusing aids"] are definitely still used in theater.

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-06-16T22:14:49Z

Cal: /* Page 1021 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_bottle Wine bottle] with a capacity of 12 liters, which equals 16 standard bottles.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last, and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either. 
Wow, that Mencken quote is prophetic...

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
??? In music, ostinato refers to a short phrase that is repeated several times. The 2-note bass pattern from "Jaws" is an ostinato, as is the opening bass part to "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith and the bass part to Pachelbel's Canon. Any repeated riff in a rock song is an ostinato, from the opening guitar riff of "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" by the Rolling Stones to the voiced "Take a Chance"s by ABBA. Staccato is a direction in music meaning that the notes should be performed in an abrupt, sharp, clear-cut manner. It certainly pertains to machine-gun fire and Pynchon has the ostinati and the staccato "scored", which is also a musical term meaning the wriiten form of a musical composition.

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''chaffinch''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaffinch Wikipedia]

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartsease '''Heartsease'''] is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula '''Primula'''] - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula medicinal quality] of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ætherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floundering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==
'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. (Yes, because it's not factual but hypothetical). And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too. (The subjunctive mood is a mood that represents an act or state (not as a fact but) as contingent or possible. It is a grammatical form of verbs implying hypothetical action or condition. Subjunctives are italicized in these sentences: “If Mr. Stafford were (not “was”) fluent in French, he could communicate with his employees more effectively”; “If Sheila had been here, she would have helped us with our math.”)

==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details. Picture with clear explanation: [http://www.diycalculator.com/popup-h-console.shtml#A3]

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun. 
[[ATD_171-198#Page_195|See p. 195 and annotations]] for another allusion to this pair.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

:For a well-posed problem. This one isn't. There is no physical constraint that leads us to the one and only one correct value of C. Even if you grant the premise that we can "integrate" a photograph, we still don't have enough boundary conditions to get the unique physical solution. You can see—granting that premise—that ''the gentleman is walking in a straight line'' and ''the gentleman is walking in a circle'' are both valid solutions if the photograph shows a gentleman walking.

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. (In U.S. English, similarly, "Pappy" is a nickname for the leader of such a group—like [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=H#pappy Pappy Hod in ''V.''].)

The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

One seller of gaffer's tape (used in theater and film) says [http://www.thetapeworks.com/what_gaffer.htm the "gaff" story is incorrect,] but it isn't clear this is correct, because long poles called [http://www.prosoundweb.com/lighting/tech_reference/bill/terms/terms.shtml#hammer "hi-tech focusing aids"] are definitely still used in theater.

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 946-975

2007-06-15T20:12:42Z

Cal: /* Page 953 */ Fear in lethal form

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 946==

'''Orpheus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Wikipedia] entry for Orpheus, click on Death of Eurydice when you get there.

'''Young woman, there is money everywhere''' 
Even this spiritual expedition has an accountant. 
Also, Pluto, Lord of the Underworld - with all its mineral wealth - is the original plutocrat.

'''''Interdikt'' line''' 
That horizontal line on the map again.

'''Veliko Târnovo''' 
North central Bulgaria on north side of Stara Planina range. Just for Bulgarian Pynchon uses at least two transliteration systems; where you see the letter ''â'' in this system, another will have ''u.'' Present-day transliteration from Bulgarian uses the letter ''ǔ.'' The sound resembles the U in "bump"; it's represented by Ъ in the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet.

'''''ruchenitsa''''' 
Bulgarian: a folk dance. The ''u'' represents the "uh" sound.

'''St. Tryphon's Day''' 
St. Tryphon or Trypho is the protector of fields. Feast day is Feb. 1 in the Orthodox calendar; at the time of the action the western and eastern calendars had drifted 12 or 13 days apart, throwing the Gregorian (western) date toward mid-February.

==Page 947==

'''Dimyat''' 
Bulgarian wine made from grapes grown near the Black Sea coast.

'''Misket''' 
Muscatel wine.

'''May, I think''' 
1912. The date gets pegged a few pages further on.

'''Kazanlâk''' 
Central Bulgaria, south slope of Stara Planina range, halfway between Plovdiv and Veliko Târnovo.

'''Rozovata Dolina''' 
Bulgarian: rose valley. The Dimitrov Dam (completed in 1955, so not yet in existence at this point in AtD) may have filled part of the valley with a reservoir. Mild confusion: The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Valley%2C_Bulgaria Wikipedia entry] gives the Bulgarian name as ''Rosova dolina.''

'''between the Balkan range and the Sredna Gora''' 
Mountain ranges running east-west across Bulgaria, the Balkan (Stara Planina) to the north. ''Stara Planina'' = Old Range, ''Sredna Gora'' = Central Mountains.

This is, in fact, Eastern Rumelia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Rumelia].

'''''mutri''''' 
Bulgarian, literally: mugs, wry faces.

==Page 948==

'''Petrich''' 
Extreme southwestern Bulgaria, near the Bulgaria/Greece/Macedonia triple point.

'''on Macedonian border''' 
Today's maps reflect another century of boundary fights and negotiations. Petrich is not right on the present border, for example.

'''between Plovdiv and Petrich''' 
Southwest quarter of Bulgaria.

'''the music stopped two years ago''' 
I.e., in 1910.

==Page 949==

'''called out to, by their diminutives''' 
You can make a list of "nicknames" from most any Slavic name. In Russian, for example, ''Aleksandr'' is informally called Alyosha, Sasha, Sashenka, etc. The irregulars are boys from the neighborhood and get addressed as such.

'''crossing ''R. damascena'' with ''R. alba''''' 
Species of roses. The species most used in attar-making is ''Rosa damascena.''

==Page 950==

'''named the baby Ljubica''' 
Serbo-Croatian: violet (the flower). Commemorating Cyprian's toilette at Carnesalve, I suggest; see pages 881 and 891. '''The name is pronounced LYOO-beet-sah.''' In light of the musical theme, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubica_Mari%C4%87 Ljubica Marić], b. 1909, considered to be one of the most original composers to emerge from Yugoslavia, should be noted.

'''toroidal black iron antenna . . . one of those Tesla rigs''' 
I.e., made to transmit or receive energy wirelessly. 
Sounds like another [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardenclyffe_Tower Wardenclyffe Tower]

==Page 951==

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
The Canadian band Rush (see note p. 708, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography]) has a song on the 1981 album ''Moving Pictures'' called ''YYZ'' (Why Yz-les-Bains?). (YYZ is actually the airport code for Toronto, Canada).

'''Mihály Vámos''' 
Hungarian name, but ''vámos'' is also Spanish = go!

'''''Szia, haver''''' 
Hungarian: Hello buddy!

==Page 952==

'''''Zabraneno''''' 
Bulgarian: the forbidden. Same meaning as ''Interdikt.''

'''an attar-factory rep''' 
Attar: a fragrant essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers; attar of roses, a fragrant extract of the petals. And indeed, rose oil is the most important commodity produced in the Rozovata Dolina, with Kazanlak being the trade center for the product.

'''Philippopolis''' 
Philippopolis is now Plovdiv, located 40-50 miles south of the valley. Plovdiv was Philippopolis in 342 B.C., when it was conquered by Philip II of Macedonia and by the 1st century A.D. had undergone 2 more name changes: to Pulpudeva and to Thrimonzium. The name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv Plovdiv] first appeared around 1369.

That brings up an important point. There's all kinds of evidence in ''AtD'' that Pynchon has appropriated history as he found it in contemporary sources. And it's a good bet that much of the published history came from Britain. Writers today like to use "local" names, but that wasn't so in earlier times. The 1911 ''Brittanica,'' for example, has entry after entry under "Henry" for monarchs who went by Heinrich, Henri, Enrique and so forth. This now-unfashionable conservatism, picked up and repeated in ''AtD,'' means we shouldn't expect to see a reference to Sevastopol'; look instead for Sebastopol. Similarly we'd see Budweis instead of České Budějovice if the subject of brewing arose. And Philippopolis follows the pattern.

'''casemate''' 
In a fortification, an armored room or emplacement for artillery. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casemate Wikipedia]

==Page 953==

'''it's only chlorine . . . you get phosgene''' 
Accurate account of the process then used to produce phosgene. Today an activated carbon catalyst replaces the sunlight.

'''''motoros''''' 
Cyclist, biker, referring here to Mihaly Vamos.

'''light is..the destructive agent''' 
Thematic,of course, when non-natural light is created....studies back to
'city illumination'. Cf. Telluride chapter.

'''Fear in lethal form''' 
This is strongly reminiscent of the "Panic fear" (p. 151) unleashed by the Vormance Expedition's digging up of the buried alien - the "incendiary Figure."

'''millions of candles per square inch''' 
Not easily converted to other units of measurement. Since the International Candle was defined as the light output from a specified wax candle, imagine a source emitting as much light as a million candles. Then imagine the sky covered with such sources, one to a square inch. No, it's unimaginably bright—disorienting, blinding, probably scorching.

'''Shipka''' 
A very small village in Bulgaria's Central Balkan Mountains, near a mountain pass of strategic importance, which connects northern Bulgaria to Upper Thrace (East Rumelia). It was the site of a battle between the Russian army and the Ottoman Turks in 1877.

'''''Sok szerencsét''''' 
Hungarian: good luck.

==Page 954==

'''Thrace''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace Thrace] is a region in southeast Europe spreading over southern Bulgaria, northwestern Greece, and European Turkey.

'''Varna''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna Varna] is a major seaport of Bulgaria on the Black Sea Coast. It is the third largest city of the country and a primary tourist destination.

==Page 955==

'''''folie à trois''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folie_%C3%A0_deux ''Folie à deux''] describes delusional behavior displayed by two people; here it's by three. With ''folie à deux'', the crucial point is that the sum is more than the parts: behaviors or actions only occur because of the two people interacting.

'''hebephrenic''' 
Involving delusions, hallucinations, pointless and childish behavior.

'''raptors''' 
birds of prey.

'''Sliven''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliven Sliven] is a town east of Kazanlâk, nearly the geographic center of the country, Bulgaria.

'''the ''Halkata''''' 
Bulgarian ''khalka'': ring. The suffix ''-ta'' is a definite article. An existing formation in Bulgaria [http://noe2002.hit.bg/index1.html pic].

'''Ulitsa Rakovsky''' 
Bulgarian: Rakovsky Street. Georgi Rakovsky (1821-67), Bulgarian freedom fighter.

==Page 956==

'''''krâchma''''' 
Pronounced like CRUTCH-mah. Bulgarian: tavern.

'''Byal Sredets''' 
Cigarettes? Yes, according to the text the monk "took two cigarettes" from the "pack of Byal Sredets." After not too much searching, no cigar(-ettes) but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byala%2C_Varna_Province Byala] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredets Sredets] are towns near Varna, and silly speculation: to a non-Bulgarian English speaker, Byal Sredets, kind of looks like it could sound like "buy all cigarettes," if you pronounce Sredets as sir-e-dets.
Byal is also evocative of beyul, Baikal and bi-locale.
Byal, meaning white sits on the Black Sea. White-black, Manichaen.

'''''Zdrave . . . kakvo ima?''''' 
Bulgarian: Good health . . . what's the matter?

'''Bogomils''' 
Heretical sect in Balkans with doctrinal links to Cathars and Albigensians. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogomilism Bogomilism]

'''''Pavlikeni''''' 
Sources differ on the meaning: (1) Bulgarian Catholics; (2) members of a heretical sect with dualist (Manichean) doctrines influenced by beliefs of the Bogomils. Also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulicianism Paulicianism].

'''Hebrus River . . . Maritza''' 
The Maritza or Maritsa flows west to east, draining Bulgaria between the Stara Planina (Balkan range) and the Rhodopes, then turns south and west to the Aegean Sea. The port at its mouth, in Greece, is called Evros, a name derived from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrus Hebrus].

==Page 957==

'''Manichæans''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_429-459#Page_437 page 437] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M the index at M].

'''Pythagorean ''akousmata''''' 
"Avoid beans." [[A|See explanation in the "A" alphabetical page.]]

'''hegumen''' 
In the Greek Orthodox Church, head of a religious community. (And, silly aside, legumen, in Latin, means bean).

'''Tetractys''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_219|page 219: Tetractys]].

'''Zalmoxis''' 
This passage could almost have been drawn from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxis Wikipedia entry.]

'''Krâstova Gora''' 
Bulgarian: name of a mountain or range. [http://www.discover-bulgaria.com/Articles.aspx?ProductID=268&CategoryID=0&pg=3&srchString= Krâstova Gora] means "Mountain (or Forest) of the Cross" and is in the Rhodopes. The monk Grigorii, known as “the Rhodopean Paisii”, has named in his sermons the Central Rhodopes as the “Mountain of the Cross” or “Forest of the Cross”. The Russian Paisi is mentioned on [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_892-918#Page_904 page 904].

Is this sentence the orphan of some narrative that's been cut? Disclosure of the baby's sex is on p. 949 and has neither a mountain nor a church in it.

'''narthex''' 
Lobby or portico of a church.

==Page 958==

'''sympathetic spirits who had dug spaces beneath their own precarious dwellings to harbor her for a night or two at a time''' 
Compare the annotations on ''stranniki'' and ''podpol'niki'' [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|(page 663).]]

'''Bernadette o' Lourdes''' 
young woman who is reputed to have seen visions of the Mother of the Divine at Lourdes in France. See Wikipedia.

==Page 959==

'''Oh, there won't be any war''' 
Cyprian's self-discovered religiousness seems to make him overly optimistic--blind--to historical reality.

'''σχημα''' 
In English, ''schema.''

'''Νυξ''' 
In English, ''Nux'' or ''Nyx.'' cf Brides of Night below.

'''Talking, for women, is a form of breathing''' 
Compare p. 501: "a hundred women . . . all silent." Tying Noellyn/Yashmeen to Cyprian?

'''What is it that is born of light?''' 
Cyprian trying to make sense of his epiphany on page 953. 
Phosgene. 
Nicene Creed, "light of light, true God of true God, begotten not made"

==Page 960==

'''Hesychasts''' 
Contemplative hermits in Orthodox Church; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesychasts see Wikipedia entry.]
From the concise Brittanica: Hesychasm
in Eastern Christianity, type of monastic life in which practitioners seek divine quietness (Greek hesychia) through the contemplation of God in uninterrupted prayer. Such prayer, involving the entire human being—soul, mind, and body—is often called “pure,” or “intellectual,” prayer or the Jesus prayer. St. John Climacus, one of the greatest writers of the Hesychast tradition, wrote, “Let the remembrance of Jesus be present with each breath, and then you will know the value of the hesychia.” In the late 13th century, St. Nicephorus the Hesychast produced an even more precise “method of prayer,” advising novices to fix their eyes during prayer on the “middle of the body,” in order to achieve a more total attention, and to “attach the prayer to their breathing.” This practice was violently attacked in the first half of the 14th century by Barlaam the Calabrian, who called the Hesychasts omphalopsychoi, or people having their souls in their navels.

The Hesychast usually experiences the contemplation of God as light, the Uncreated Light of the theology of St Gregory Palamas. The Uncreated Light that the Hesychast experiences is identified with the Holy Spirit. Experiences of the Uncreated Light are allied to the 'acquisition of the Holy Spirit'. Orthodox Tradition warns against seeking ecstasy as an end in itself. Hesychasm is a traditional complex of ascetical practices embedded in the doctrine and practice of the Orthodox Church and intended to purify the member of the Orthodox Church and to make him ready for an encounter with God that comes to him when and if God wants, through God's Grace (note earlier mention of an "anti-Grace"). Very different from attainment of Nirvana.

'''Transfiguration of Christ''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus Transfiguration].

'''''omphalopsychoi''''' 
see above. "Hesychasts condemned as "having their souls in their navel".

'''Shekhinah''' 
The Kabbala calls this Spirit, Shekkinah, which, according to Harold Bloom, refers to the "feminine element in Yahweh." Shekkinah is God's maternal nature, Mother God, who broods over the Earth searching for and gathering the world's orphans and outcasts under her wings. 
The author of Genesis tells us this Spirit hovered over the earth before creation. That which dwells, that which abides.

'''shiny black accoutrements''' 
[[ATD_678-694#Page_678|See the delicious annotation to page 678.]]

'''Cosmas of Jerusalem''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Cosmas See the concise Wikipedia article.]

==Page 961==

'''metempsychosis''' 
Habitation by a soul of a different (or new) body; non-Orthodox concept related to reincarnation.

'''[i]f self-similarity proves to be a built-in property of the universe''' 
As it does seem to be. Example: a map of streams draining the side of a mountain is similar (though on a different scale) to a map of rivers draining half a continent.
:any mountain,any continent? 
:Um, no, it was an inexact statement, wasn't it. ''In a fairly broad sense,'' the way rivers join to form larger and larger streams is mirrored by the way tiny erosion channels join to form larger and larger gullies. Of course there's some continent that doesn't follow the pattern (Antarctica at present a pretty fair instance), and some mountain too (though I don't think of one offhand), but self-similarity is a widely encountered behavior. 
Moon and electron and sleep, death as text examples, are 'universe(al)' analogies.
:That is very much to the point, but self-similarity is stronger than analogy. "As above, so below" covers analogies but also behaviors at different scales that follow from common causes.

'''Brides of Night''' 
A name (used by whom?) of the order Cyprian seeks to join. 
This 'order' seems to be a creation of Pynchon's, an important metaphorical one. In Hesychasism, massive humility is stressed, as is the
linked notion that God is light and can never be known (not even after the Beatific Vision). So, a Bride of Night is a humble 'nun' who is married to the darkness of the Unknown God. 

Cf: p. 959 regarding the Orthodox schema of initiation and nyx. 
This is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_negativa ''Via Negativa''] or Apophathic theology which seeks to describe God by negation, by what cannot be said or ascribed to God. Hesychast Gregory Palamas followed this path as did many Eastern Christian fathers. Before them it can be found in Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hesiod and Plotinus. Indeed the theogony of Nyx given on p.959 is almost directly from Hesiod, where chaos is likened to anarchos. The via negativa is a mainstay of Christian mysticism (The Cloud of Unknowing, Dark Night of the Soul, Meister Eckart); Vedanta (Upanishads) "neti, neti"; Buddhism -- anatta, nirvana; Taoism -- the uncarved block, "the way that can be spoken is not the true way," empty but inexhaustible; and Islam -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi Shurarwardi], who speaks of the pure immaterial light, the luminous darkness.

==Page 962==

'''don't look back . . . or he'll take you below . . . down to America''' 
Orpheus and Eurydice again. And Lot and his wife, from Book 2.

'''And Cyprian was taken behind a great echoless door''' 
Cyprian's final transcendence of desire—which at one point we might have taken as a ''renunciation'' of desire—prompts a review of how desire itself has been presented in ''AtD.'' See text and annotations:
*Harald the Ruthless learns about desire and the forsaking of desire, [[ATD_119-148#Page_127|p. 127]]
*Scarsdale Vibe experiences a kind of desire for Kit, [[ATD_149-170#Page_158|p. 158]]
*Contemplating Yashmeen's neck, Cyprian experiences desire "of rather a specialized sort," [[ATD_489-524#Page_499|p. 499]]
*"Unreflective desire" rules Cyprian's days on the Lagoon, [[ATD_695-723#Page_708|p. 708]]
*Aspects of desire, or rather his responses to it, define Auberon Halfcourt's "two creatures resident within the same life," [[ATD_748-767#Page_759|759]]
*Cyprian first experiences a "release from desire," [[ATD_821-848#Page_839|p. 839]]
*Cyprian displays an "appetite for sexual abasement" with "a religious surrender of the self"; Yashmeen sees salvation in his surrender, [[ATD_864-891#Page_876|pp. 876-77]]
*Cyprian's transcendence of desire will be Yashmeen's reprieve from "political forms" and "utopian dreams," [[ATD_919-945#Page_942|p. 942]]

==Page 963==

'''Plain of Thrace . . . Rhodopes . . . Pirin range''' 
From the convent/castle around Sliven in the Stara Planina or Sredna Gora, south across the Maritsa valley, southwest across the Rhodope mountain range, southwest through the higher Pirins. Close to the present Bulgarian-Greek-Macedonian borders, on a generally southwestward track to the southwest corner of Bulgaria.

'''To move through it would be to struggle against time...''' 
Time and Light are linked by Relativity Theory. According to the equations, as an object approaches the speed of light, time dilates. The speed of light cannot be exceeded; time speeds up to accomodate any such attempt. (Doesn't time slow down? I.e., from the point of view of an observer not on the speeding object, doesn't a clock on the object run slow?) This has nothing directly to do with the ''brightness'' of the light, however; light of whatever intensity travels at the same speed.

'''In mid-October . . . invaded Macedonia''' 
1912, First Balkan War. The text does not mention Montenegro, which was active as well. Insofar as war aims played any role, everybody aimed to get Turkey out of the Balkans, but there was little unity beyond that. 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Balkan_War The First Balkan War] (1912-1913) was fought between the members of the Balkan League—Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro—and the Ottoman Empire. The league was formed under Russian auspices in the spring of 1912 to take Macedonia away from Turkey. Montenegro opened hostilities with Turkey on October 8, 1912 and the other members of the league delcared war on October 18. The Ottoman's army collapsed and disintegrated in first two months' fighting. The war officially ended with the signing in London on May 30, 1913 a peace treaty in which the Ottoman Empire lost almost all of its European territory including all of Macedonia and Albania—Macedonia was divided between Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece; Albania was declared independent.

'''. . . by the twenty-second, fighting between Bulgarians and Turks was heavy around Kumanovo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumanovo Kumanovo] is located in northern Macedonia near present-day border with Serbia, about 15 miles northeast of Skopje, the capital of the country.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo The Battle of Kumanovo] (October 23-24, 1912) was a major battle of the First Balkan War. After the outbreak of hostilities, three Serbian Armies, from left to right the 3rd, 1st and 2nd, advanced southwards towards Skopje. They defeated the Ottoman's 7th and 6th corps at Kumanovo in two day's fighting. The Ottoman's armies retreated 50 miles southwards all the way to Prilep, and the Serbians entered Skopje on October 26 without a fight. 

'''Adrianople''' 
Now called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edirne Edirne]. It is situated at the westernmost part of Turkey, at the present-day Turkish-Greek frontier near the Turkey/Greece/Bulgaria triple point.

'''''mehana''''' 
Mehana is Serbian and Bulgarian for the Turkish word [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehana meyhane].

'''from Philippopolis . . . Adrianople''' 
From Plovdiv southeastward down the Maritsa to Adrianople (now called Edirne).

'''Ivanoff's Second Army''' 
General Nikola Ivanov's Second Army of Bulgaria advanced from Philippopolis southeastwards to Adrianople along the Maritsa river.

==Page 964==

'''west through Strumica and Valandovo . . . the Vardar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumica Strumica] is in the southeast of present-day Macedonia; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valandovo Valandovo] is about 8 miles to the southwest. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardar Vardar], passing by near Valandovo, is the major river of Macedonia, flowing north to south more or less.

'''the Tikveš wine country''' 
A plain in the center of present-day Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikve%C5%A1 Wikipedia]

'''Monastir''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitola Bitola] in southwest Macedonia.

'''becoming a popular, perhaps someday a national, delusion.''' 
That is, if these Turkish provinces can become nations, these horrors can be cleansed to become the national foundation myth. Nations based on ethnic division was in fact the basis for the peace settlements ending World War I.

'''between Veles and Prilep''' 
In central Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veles_%28city%29 Veles] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prilep Prilep]

==Page 965==

'''by way of Kičevo and Prilep''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Devo Kičevo] is in western present-day Macedonia, Prilep more in the middle. Two Serbian columns?

'''Babuna Pass''' 
North of Prilep.

'''Russian Madsen guns and . . . Montenegrin Rexers''' 
They refer to [http://www.landships.freeservers.com/new_pages/madsen_mg_info.htm Danish Madsen light machine guns].

'''Howitzer''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howitzer Wikipedia entry]

'''"Once they get their line and length," she said''' 
A very good cricket joke by Yashmeen. Effective bowling requires the ball to be directed on the "line" of the stumps defended by the batsman, and not wide on either side. The ball must hit the pitch (the ground) in front of the batsman "on a good length", ie not too short or too full, because such deliveries can be hit more easily. Reef is either very sharp, or played cricket in Colorado.

==Page 966==

'''I Zingari''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: I.Z.]] 
I Zingari (from the Italian for "the gypsies") is an English amateur cricket club which was formed on 4 July 1845, by a very aristocratic parentage. Also known as IZ, I Zingari is a wandering (or nomadic) club, having no home ground. Its club colours are black, red and gold, symbolizing the motto "out of darkness, through fire, into light"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Zingari]. The colors, therefore, are the anarchist Red and Black, plus gold. "Out of darkness, through fire, into light" could be the motto of every seeker in AtD, and certainly applies to Yasmeen at the present moment.

==Page 967==

'''Sarakatsàni''' 
Not a place but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarakatsani a people], Greek-speaking nomadic shepherds across the Southern Balkans well beyond the present-day borders of Greece.

'''Bukovo Pass''' 
??? Here's a [http://outdoors.webshots.com/photo/2110787010065488803qeBkDg map] with the pass and Ohrid.

'''down into Ohrid''' 
Extreme southwest of present-day Macedonia, by Lake Ohrid, a bordering lake shared between Macedonia and Albania.

'''Liman von Sanders''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Liman_von_Sanders Otto Liman von Sanders] (1855-1929), German advisor to Turkish military. In overall command of Turkish victories at the Dardanelles in 1915. Remember the earlier discussion about English and Russian fears of German influences in the Ottoman Empire, especially re the Berlin/ Baghdad railway.

'''But now the Serbs knew they could beat them''' 
A fatal conclusion, contributing to the recklessness of Serbian nationalism, and intransigence in the face of Ausrtrian demands in the wake of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. Serbia suffered terrible reverses in World War I.

==Page 968==

'''Sveti Naum''' 
Macedonian: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Naum St. Naum]. Large monastery on the lakefront south of Ohrid.

'''the defeat at Monastir''' 
The Serbian army decisively defeated the Ottoman army at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bitola Battle of Bitola] (Monastir) November 16-19, 1912.

'''Yanina''' 
Now Ioánnina, in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_%28region%29 Epirus] province of present-day Greece, about 60 miles east of the Corfu island. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina Ioannina], about 270 miles northwest of Athens, is located in the western Greece 25 miles from the Albanian border.

'''Pogradeci, on the road to Korça''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogradeci Pogradec], Albania, across the lake from Ohrid, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB Korcë], 20 miles south of Pogradeci, southeastern Albania near present-day Greek border.

==Page 969==

'''Erseka''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erseka Ersekë], southeastern Albania near the Greek border, 20 miles south of Korca.

'''Gramoz Range . . . Pindus''' 
Grámmos on present-day maps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindus Pindus] range runs mainly north-south in northwestern Greece; the [http://www.gtp.gr/LocPage.asp?Id=60639 Grámmos] range marks the boundary of Greece and Albania (and also the boundary between two Greek provinces, one of them named Macedonia).

'''šarplaninec''' 
Or šarplaninac. Named for the Šar Planina mountain range. It's a largeish working breed. Compare the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0arplaninac Wikipedia article] with the description of Kseniya's temperament.

'''Kseniya''' 
The name (here in Macedonian form; elsewhere Xenia) means "guest, stranger."

==Page 970==

'''''tungjatjeta''''' 
Albanian: hello! Literally: "may you have a long life" 

'''Gras''' 
1874 French rifle.

'''''një rosë vdekuri''''' 
Albanian: "What we call a rose"...Allusion to Juliet's line from Romeo & Juliet: "that what we call a rose/ by any other name would smell as sweet"

'''''Vëlla''''' 
Albanian: brother

'''Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin''' 
The most important of the hereditary codes of conduct that shape the inter-generational behavior of the rural Albanians that make up the overwhelming majority of the Kosovar population. The Kanun of Lek Dukagin probably emerged in the 15th Century but was not even written down until the 19th Century. The foundation of the Kanun is the concept of personal honor and at the center of its laws is the blood feud, a complicated system of vendettas aimed at obtaining satisfaction ''vis a vis'' punishment. There are four major offenses to personal honor under the Kanun:

#calling a man a liar in front of other men;
#insulting his wife;
#taking his weapons; and
#violating his hospitality.

These offenses are not paid for in property or by fines but by the spilling of blood or by a magnanimous pardon.

From [http://www.d-n-i.net/fcs/comments/c339.htm Balkan Primer (X) - Blood Feuds, Kanuns, and American Policy]

==Page 971==

'''rakia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakia Rakia] is a hard liquor similar to brandy.

'''''Gëzuar!''''' 
Albanian: Cheers!

'''Tosk''' 
Principal [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian southern dialect] of Albanian, basis of the literary language.

'''Përmeti''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrmet Përmet] on present-day maps, 20 miles southwest of Erseke.

'''Gjirokastra''' 
Argyrokastron on old maps, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr Gjirokastër] on new ones, 20 miles soutwest of Permeti near the south end of Albania; about 15 miles from the Adriatic coast.

'''Vjosa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjosa Vijosë] on present-day maps. The Vijose river flows through Permeti northwestwards to the Adriatic Sea.

==Page 972==

'''There was a cease-fire in effect now among all parties except for Greece, still trying to take Yanina''' 
In less than two months since the First Balkan War started on October 8, 1912 the Ottoman's army was totally defeated losing Salonica, Albania, Epirus, Macedonia and Thrace to its opponents and Adrianople was under siege since November 17. An armistice was signed between Bulgaria (Serbia and Montenegro) and Turkey on December 3. Greece continued the war alone, aiming to capture Ioannina. In the Battle of Bizani, February 20-21, 1913 Greece defeated the last Ottoman army ever to enter Macedonia and Epirus and took Ioannina.

'''Muzina Pass''' 
In Southern Albania it is 572 meters high.It connects Sarande [below] with the Drinos Valley. Wikipedia, German edition.
[[Image:corfu.jpg|thumb|Corfu harbor ca. 1890|right]]
'''Agli Saranta''' 
Present-day maps identify this Albanian Riviera town as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarand%C3%AB Sarandë], located between high mountains and the Ionian Sea facing Greek island of Corfu.

'''Corfu''' 
Western Greek island off the Greek/Albanian coast. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu Corfu],a 40-mile long island, is separated from Albania by straits varying in breadth from 2 to 25 miles. The principal town of the island, located in the east-central side of island facing Greece mainland, is also named ''Corfu''. Mt Pantokrator, a 3000-ft mountain in north-eastern Corfu, is the highest on the island—at its summit the whole island as well as Albania can be seen. Corfu island's turbulent history is full of battles and conquests; for example, between 1386 to 1797 it was under Venetian protection, in 1800s under French and the British from 1815, and it unified with Greece only as late as 1864. The 1981 James Bond movie ''For Your Eyes Only'' was filmed in Corfu.

'''Pantokratoras''' 
South of Mouzaki, Greece. Famous for Byzantine icon screens.
:Mouzaki and [http://www.zanteguru.com/places/pantokratoras.html Pantokratoras] are villages in Zante island, the last large Ionian Island down the Greek coast 80 miles south from Corfu island. The fishing boat traveling from Sarande to Corfu will not detour to Zante island first. 
Pantokratoras here refers to Mt Pantokrator (see ''Corfu'' above), a mountain in the northeast part of Corfu island, any boat traveling from Albanian town to the town of Corfu has to pass it.

'''St. Spiridion''' 
[http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/SaintsAlive/id648.htm St. Spiridion]

'''XI''' 
Eleven: a cricket team.

'''Lefkas''' 
Or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefkas Levkás], Leucas or Lefkada, the next sizable Ionian Island down the Greek coast from Corfu. Corinth and Lefkás were allies in the Peloponnesian War. Lefkás later was the capital of the Acarnanian League (3d cent. B.C.). The island was captured (1697) from the Ottoman Turks by Venice, which held it until 1797. There are ruins of Cyclopean walls and a temple to Apollo Leukates. Sappho is said, probably falsely, to have committed suicide by plunging into the sea from a cliff of the island. Lefkás is also known as Santa Maura. Columbia Encyclopedia.

'''demotic''' 
[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/demotic demotic]

==Page 973==

'''hot-pepper salamis''' 
are often paired with fragrant bunches of oregano. The hot pepper is present in salamis as well. They are big and red or as in the typical soppressata version, have a squashed shape due to their ageing under weights.

'''the Compassionate''' 
Yashmeen, Auberon and "the Compassionate" have come together before. On page 749 she wrote to him of her dream:
:We ascended, or rather, we were taken aloft, as if in mechanical rapture, to a great skyborne town and a small band of serious young people, dedicated to resisting death and tyranny, whom I understood at once to be the Compassionate.

Speculation: The Chums of Chance = The Compassionate = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes (Furies)?

'''the Esplanade''' 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli02.html#11 The Esplanade] is famed as "the largest square in the Balkans". Beginning in 1576 for 12 years, the houses huddled around the gate of a fortress was being demolished to allow the defenders a better view over the area leaving a great space which the French later planted with trees and today forms the Espalnde Square.

'''fiacre''' 
A small hackney carriage. [French, after the Hôtel de Saint Fiacre in Paris.]

'''Durazzo''' 
Now Durrës, Albania, nearest coastal city to the capital, Tiranë. It will be more than 100 miles north of Corfu.

'''casus belli''' 
An occasion or cause for war.

'''ouzo''' 
a colorless anise-flavored Greek liqueur. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouzo Wikipedia]

==Page 974==

'''Volodya''' 
Diminutive form of ''Vladimir.'' Not Colonel Prokladka.

'''a transaction in jade''' 
Bought/got jade low, sold high. 
You have to wonder if Aubrey didn't make his profit on a stolen gem, [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|such as an idol's eye.]]

'''one of those turns''' 
. . . And aren't there a lot of them through here.

==Page 975==

'''Garitsa''' 
Latitude 39.6139 Longitude 19.9197 Altitude (feet) 3
Lat (DMS) 39° 36' 50N Long (DMS) 19° 55' 11E Altitude (meters) 0 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli03.html#30 A suburb of Corfu by the Garitsa Bay] with a handsome, tree-lined coastal road with neo-Classical buildings on one side and the Garitsa Bay on the other; and a narrow tree-filled park where local taverns and grillrooms set out their tables under the trees.

'''Leadville Fan-Tan''' 
A card game, played no doubt in the gambling halls of Leadville, Colorado. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan#The_Card_Game_Fantan Wikipedia entry].

'''leptas''' 
Bastard plural of ''lepton'' (Greek = a low-denomination coin). Plural in Greek is ''lepta.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_lepton Wikipedia]

'''tsingarelli''' 
???

'''polenta''' 
Originally Italian; dish similar to cornmeal mush. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenta Wikipedia]

'''yaprakia''' 
Stuffed grape leaves (similar to dolmathes). [http://www.greek-recipe.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article169 recipe and pic]

'''stoufado''' 
Possibly an alternative spelling of ''stifado'' (Greek = beef and onion stew)? Apparently it is an Italian spelling, as stoufado appears on this [http://www.pietroizzo.com/contacts/pi_7/2004/2004_23.html page] (which is written in Italian) in the sentence starting with "La cucina greca" (Greek cuisine).

'''Mavrodaphne''' 
Red fortified wine made in the Achaia region of Greece. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavrodaphne Wikipedia]

'''Hrisoula''' 
The cat bears the name of King Yrjö's wife (GR 119).

'''''rembetika''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rembetika Rembetika]: the songs of the Greek underground, sung by the so-called rebetes (Greek: ρεμπέτης). Rebetes were unconventional people who lived outside the social order. They first appeared after the Greek War of Independence of 1821.

'''''karsilamas''''' 
[http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/dances/karsilam.htm a traditional Greek dance]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 976-999

2007-06-15T19:48:22Z

Cal: /* Page 978 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 976==

'''the coalfield troubles in southern Colorado''' 
The United Mine Workers called a stike in Colorado's coalfields north of Denver in 1910 winning a 10 percent wage increase for ten thousand Colorado miners. The union's real target was the larger southern coalfield. A state-wide coal strike was called in September 1913 and lasted 14 months resulted in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_massacre the Ludlow Massacre] of April 20, 1914, in which 20 people were killed.

'''the Madero revolution''' 
in 1910, out of Mexico, led by Madera. Ramifications felt in El Paso, where a Senate Committee investigated in 1912 and found Standard Oil partly responsible. 
Relevant?--a Mormon settlement was investigated as part of the investigation. 
[http://www.mexconnect.com/MEX/austin/revolution.html The Madero (Mexican) Revolution] was brought on by, among other factors, tremendous disagreement among the Mexican people over the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Madero was one of the strongest believers that Diaz should renounce his power and not seek re-election in 1910. He was jailed by Diaz but was able to escape on October 4, 1910, to the US. In San Antonio, Texas, he issued his Plan of San Luis Potosi proclaiming the 1910 election null and void and called for an armed revolution on November 20, 1910 against the "illegitimate" presidency of Diaz. Madero also promised agrarian land reforms to attract Mexico's peasants to his cause. The revolution spread, the Maderista troops, with Pancho Villa in the North and Emiliano Zapata in the South, defeated the army of Diaz within six months, and Diaz resigned on May 25, 1911. Francisco Madero was elected President on October 1, 1911 and assumed power on November 6.

==Page 977==

'''cross-gable''' 
Two perpendicular gable roofs; [http://www.roofingchildsplay.com/articles/the_gable_roof.php pic and more]

'''Baby Doe Tabor ... Haw Tabor''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=T alphabetical index T] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_273-295#Page_274 page 274]

'''I'm Going..Salome''' 
Stanley Murphy, lyricist, written before 1909. 
"I'm going to get myself a black Salome" 
Composer: Wynn, Ed 1886-1966
Lyrics: Big Bill Jefferson a railroad man (first line of text)
Contributors: Murphy, Stanley 1875-1919
Publication Date: 1908
For voice and piano.
Cover ill.: African American man watching a belly dancer. Photo of Ed. Wynn. [http://www.thehackley.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=d-000-00---0dplhacsm--00-0-0-0prompt-10---4---Document---0-1l--1-en-50---20-about---001-011-1-0utfZz-8-0&a=d&cl=CL6.15&d=HASH01fdd49fdb3579dd874ac2c1 link] 

Ed Wynn, billed as ''The Perfect Fool,'' voiced the Mad Hatter in Disney's ''Alice in Wonderland'' and may be best remembered for his role as Uncle Albert in ''Mary Poppins.''

'''majolica''' 
A particular type of white colour glaze for earthenware ceramics that was known for its ability to mimic (poorly) historically expensive porcelain. Its name comes from the practice of importing it into Europe through the ports of the Balearic island Majorca from the Mid-east. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majolica Wikipedia]

==Page 978==

''''''Tá bien, no te preocupes, m'hija''''' 
Spanish: It's all right, don't trouble yourself, my dear.

'''Galluses''' 
a pair of suspenders for trousers. "Braces" in British English.

'''Czolgosz''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
Leon Frank Czolgosz (January 24, 1873 – October 29, 1901) was the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley. In the last few years of his short life he was heavily influenced by anarchists like Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Frank_Czolgosz From Wikipedia]

'''President McKinley''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
William McKinley, Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley from Wikipedia] McKinley as president placed the US on the gold standard (remember Dally and the poster for bimetallism).

'''One thousand Fast Lake Navigation, 158 Fast Express, and 206 Automobile Inverts''' 
[http://www.filbert.com/stamplistopedia/us_inverts/default.htm Here] is a page with images of the stamp. Also, an interesting little [http://www.topix.net/forum/hobbies/stamp-collecting/TAN9GV5A1E1LCSGDV online tidbit] which references this stamp with the inverted center to which this page refers.

These misprinted ("alternate") stamps, associated with Anarchism, and the philatelically-named Jenny Invert with her similar association to the Anarchist collective at Yz-le-Bans, inevitably call to mind the subtly altered stamps of the anarchist (or at any rate anti-government) Trystero in ''Lot 49'', postage in an alterntive, underground communication system.
We have, then, the theme of underground, alternative communication introduced again (the first time in AtD is with the London gas pipes). 
Another philatelically-named female character is Penny Black.

==Page 979==

'''Hanna's miserable stooge''' 
Mark Hanna (September 24, 1837–February 15, 1904), born Marcus Alonzo Hanna, was an industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. He rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful Republican Presidential candidate William McKinley in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hanna From Wikipedia]. Obviously, the stooge refers to McKinley. Strongly suggestive of a parallel to Karl Rove and his miserable stooge.

'''henriettia''' 
A fine diagonal twilled (ribbed) dress fabric made with silk warp (vertical threads) and fine worsted (firm-textured) weft (horizontal threads), which makes it resemble Cashmere cloth. 
Weave: Twill 
Characteristics: Originally consisted of worsted filling and silk warp. Today, it can be found in a variety of blends. It has excellent drapability. It's weight and quality vary with fibres, however, when created with silk and wool it is lustrous and soft.
Uses: Dress goods. Textile Dictionary

'''Œdipal''' 
From the myth of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus#Homer.27s_Oedipus Oedipus] Rex, about a returning son killing his father, rendered infamous through Freud's interpretation of its significance to men and rendered famous by the Sophocles plays in the 5th century B.C.

And perhaps a Pynchon in-joke of sorts. The protagonist of ''Lot 49'' is Oedipa Maas (it has been suggested: "More Oedipal"), also in trouble over stamps; in fact "Lot 49" refers to the auction lot of Trystero-altered stamps in the collection of Pierce Inverarity (it has been suggested: "Inverse Rarity"), for whose estate Oedipa is executor. A few pages from here the issue of alternate communication forms will be introduced; these references to the issues in ''Lot 49'' could serve to alert the experienced reader of Pynchon to their importance in AtD.

==Page 980==

==Page 981==

'''the one with the destiny''' 
Do we learn anything about this odd Oust child?

(Presumably Ewball?). No, this one is apparently a little child when Ewball is a grownup.

Maybe [[ATD_119-148#Page_140|a child born with a caul?]] It would not take much of a prophet to say that such a child has a destiny.

'''tintypes''' 
A cheap, common and durable form of black and white photographic image where a sensitised collodion is poured upon a thin sheet of soot blackened tin, exposed and developed. Often hand-coloured. The most notable practitioners and teachers of the process in the US are [http://www.collodion.org/ Mark Osterman and France Scully Osterman]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintype tintype wikipedia entry].

==Page 982==

'''the Madero Revolution had moved on''' 
Madero took office as president in November, 1911. However, he was no longer the universal and unquestioned leader he once had been. He turned his back on the forces that had brought him to power. His refusal to enact land reforms caused a break with Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) and other revolutionary leaders and losing much of his popular support gained during the revolution. The rural working class, who had supported Madero, now took up arms against him.

''' Many were rebelling in the name of disaffected ex-minister Emilio Vázquez''' 
Emilio Vázquez Gómez (1888-1913). An anti-Madero figure. 
With the collapse of Diaz regime in May 1911 an interim government was formed and a national election was called for in October the same year. Emilio Vazquez Gomez (1888-1913) was the Interior Minister of the interim government and a leader of an important wing of initial Maderista movement. He and his followers, wth the support of several revolutionary leaders, demand the immediate adopttion of the Plan de San Luis. Vazquistas began an open rebellion to dissolve the interim government and put Madero himself in the presidency before the upcoming election. The revolt, begun at the end of June, reached a new level on August 2, 1911 when Vazquez Gomez resigned as Interior Minister. Three weeks later Vazquista presented a plan in which the interim government was not to be recognized, the command of the revolution was to be handed over to Vazquez Gomez, large landholdings were to be broken up, etc. Madero's dissolving the original anti Diaz party replaced by a new one led to the split with Vazquez Gomez. During the October elections the Vazquista rebellion created unrest in the northern states and attracted several ex-Maderista ''caudillos'' such as Emilio Campas and José Inés Salazar. After the election, the Vazquista rebellion continued and flared up in Chihuahua City in January 1912 against the Madero government. Toward the end of February that revolt spread to several places in the state. In early May, Vazquez Gomez proclaimed himself provisional president, with his capital in Juarez. But his "government" did not obtain much strong support and he was forced to leave the country for the US shortly thereafter. By the fall of 1912, the Vazquista movement had dissolved.

'''Magonistas''' 
Mexican anarchists, followers of brothers Enrique and Ricardo Flores Magón (1874-1922). During the [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/99winter/magonista.htm "Magonista" Revolt] of 1911, a short-lived revolutionary commune was set-up in Baja California. In present Mexico, the Flores Magon brothers are considered left wing political icons nearly as notable as Emiliano Zapata, and numerous streets, towns and neighborhoods are named for them.

==Page 983==

'''Morelos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morelos A state] in southern Mexico.

'''Emiliano Zapata had . . . begun a serious insurrection against the government''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata Emiliano Zapata] (1879-1919) was a leading figure in the 1910-11 Madero Revolution against the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Zapata's discontent with Madero started before the latter became the president. The Ciudad Juárez peace treaty of May 21, 1911 between the Maderistas and Porfirian force ending the military phase of the Madero revolution failed to mention land reforms at all; it turned over the power to an interim government not to the revolutionary forces, as if the fall of the Diaz government had been achieved through secret cabinet pressure according to existing laws not as a result of a revolution; furthermore, the treaty acknowledged the power of federal army and specified to disarmed and demobilized the revolutionary armed groups including Zapatistas. Vazquistas revolted as early as June against the interim government and Zapata openly did so in Morelos on November 25, 1911 against the Madero regime. The Zapatista armed insurrection was the longest-lasting of the rebellions of 1911, and would extend itself throughout Madero's term (1911-13) untill merging with the new insurrectional wave of 1913.

'''Pascual Orozco''' 
1882-1915, importer of armaments from U.S., maderista, revolted against Madero government in 1912. 
[http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/OO/for8.html Pascual Orozco,Jr.] (1882-1915) was a Mexican revolutionary hero and leader. In his early life he was a muleteer working for several large mining companies in the Chihuahua mountains. He soon involved in anti-Diaz activities in 1909 of purchaing arms and ammunition in the U.S. and taking them to Mexico on half of the Magónistas. After Madero called for armed uprising in October 1910 Orozco became the revolutionary chief in the District of Guerrero. On May 10, 1911, Orozco and Pancho Villa won a major military victory in the war against the Porfirian government by taking Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, which led to the signing of the Peace Treaty and the resignation of Diaz. However, for the reasons stated above (Zapata), Orozco announced his revolt against the Madero government on March 3, 1912 lending the anti-Madero movement instant credibility. The Orozquistas won a series of victories for the rest of the month, and the Battle of Rellano (pp. 984-985 of AtD) of March 23 was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign. Orozco and his followers was decisively defeated at the Second Battle of Rellano of May 22-23 by Victoriano Huerta, the new field commnader of Madero ''federales''. By the beginning of October, the Orozquista rebellion had ended and Orozco himself had crossed over to the U.S. acknowledging his defeat.

'''José Inés Salazar''' 
A longtime colleague of Pascual Orozco and later one of the leading Orozquista generals. In May 1909 he and Orozco smuggled arms from the U.S. to Mexico on behalf of the Magonistas. Later fought with Orozco against Madero.

'''Braulio Hernández''' 
A prominent Maderista but later became a radical Orozquista. [http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/library/bakerPhotos.htm Here] is a great set of photos capturing many of the Mexican revolutionary leaders (including Braulio Hernández) and a visual glimpse into the revolution.

'''Pancho Villa''' 
Christened [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancho_Villa Doroteo Arango Arámbula]. Pancho Villa (1878-1923) was one of the foremost leaders of the Mexican Revolution (1911-1920). His charisma and battle victories and his raid on Columbus, New Mexico, made him an idol of the masses and a folk hero. 
He spend his early years in the mountains in the Northern Mexico running from the law. He answered Madero's call for an armed uprising against the Diaz regime and helped defeat the federal army of Diaz in the first Battle of Ciudad Juáez of April-May 1911. At the beginning of Orozco's revolt Pancho Villa was still loyal to the Madero government and fought along with Victoriano Huerta against the Orozquistas. But after Huerta's murdering of Madero and usurpation of the power on February 22, 1913, Villa allied himself with Carranza and fought against Huerta. Villa's revolutionary aims (other than military goals), unlike those of Emiliano Zapata's, were never clearly defined. He was the provisional governor of Chihuahua (1913-14). His 1916 raid on Columbus, New Mexico, provoked the Punitive Expedition by General John Pershing. At this time Pancho Villa was fighting against Carranza until 1920 when the latter was assassinated. Pancho Villa himself, retired from revolutionary life in 1920, was gunned down in his car on July 20, 1923.

'''José Gonzáles Salas''' 
Maderista general in command against Orozco; replaced by Huerta, to Madero's later discomfiture.

'''the country around Jiménez . . .''' 
The region around Jiménez, a mining center in Chihuahua 130 miles south of Chihuahua City, is known for large number of meteorites, some of them discovered by the Spaniards in 16th and 17th centuries, and now exhibited in Palacio de Mineria (Minery Palace) in Mexico city.

'''Chupaderos''' 
There are two Chupaderos meteorites. Both were found in 1852 in the area around Jiménez. With a weight of 14.114 tons, Chupaderos I is ranked as the 10th largest meteorite in the world; and Chupaderos II with a weight of 6.767 tons ranked 14th. Photos of [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(1)-3.jpg Chupaderos I] and [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(II)-1.jpg Chupaderos II].

'''the Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
A small desert area east of Jiménez, the habitat of the Mexican Bolsón Tortoise, one of the four North American tortoise species. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B Alphabetical Index B] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_395 page 395].

==Page 984==

'''''máquina loca''''' 
crazy machine.

One might go so far as to say that Frank was "going down the rails on a crazy train . . ."

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Spanish: (ready) for your orders. In English one would say, "at your service."

'''One prong of the government attack . . . between Corralitos and Rellano . . .''' 
''The Battle of Rellano''. On March 23, 1912, in Rellano, an intermediate point between Torreón and Chihuahua, there was the formal battle between the Orozuistas and the Madero government forces, with a disatrous result for the ''federales''. Its commander, General José Gonzáles Salas, humiliated by the defeat, committed suicide during the retreat. The Battle of Rellano was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign.

'''''Andale, muchachos''''' 
Spanish: let's go, boys.

==Page 985==

'''Parral''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C_Chihuahua Parral] is where Pancho Villa was assassinated on July 20, 1923. Apparently someone remembered the sacking, dynamiting, looting, and killing.

==Page 986==

'''Victoriano Huerta''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: General Huerta]]. 
After the defeat at the Battle of Rellano (pp.984-985 AtD) on March 23, 1912, Madero appointed Victoriano Huerta, an able and competent professional soldier, head of the federal forces on April 1. On May 22-23 Huerta crushed the Orozquistas at the Second Battle of Rellano. This battle was the turning point in the campaign against Orozco. In five consecutive engagements Huerta drove the badly beaten Orozco crossed into the U.S. in September. As a man almost too bad to be true, he began laying plans for Madero's overthrow and the usurpation of presidential power, which he accomplished in ''la decena trágica'', the Ten Tragic Days, of February 1913 and thus earned himself a permanent spot in Mexico's hall of infamy.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V alpha index V] (page down to von Quassel) and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_588-614#Page_596 page 596]

'''Tampico''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637], where (and when) Frank first meets Günther.

'''Orizaba product''' 
One of the leading industries of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orizaba Orizaba] is the Cervecería Moctezuma brewery which was established in 1896.

'''Chiapas''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637]

==Page 987==

'''Oaxaca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca Wikipedia]

'''cafetal''' 
Spanish: coffee plantation.

'''jefe politico''' 
Spanish: political boss.

'''Juchitán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juchitan Juchitán]

'''Benito Juárez Maza''' 
Governor of Oaxaca from 1911 until his death the next year. He was the
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%25C3%25A1rez_Maza&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=7&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBenito%2BJu%25C3%25A1rez%2BMaza%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff son] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez Benito Juárez], the beloved President of Mexico for five different terms from 1858-1872 (so before Porfirio Díaz).

==Page 988==

'''chegomista''' 
Follower of Che Gómez, identified on page 987.

'''"El Reparador"''' 
Spanish: "The Fixer." Epithet of a hundred operators in crime literature. Or, as the text eventually suggests, "The Repairman."

'''Ibargüengoitia''' 
Speculation on this surname: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Ibarg%C3%BCengoitia Jorge Ibargüengoitia] was a novelist and playwright who wrote, among other things, Los Relámpagos de Agosto (The Lightning of August, 1964), which uses cartoonish mayhem to debunk the Mexican Revolution's heroic myths; improbably it won for its author the Premio Casa de las Américas, despite or because of the consternation which its flippancy caused.

'''Chapultepec Park''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapultepec Chapultepec] Park is an enormous green area in the middle of Mexico City covering 2,000 acres, containing three of the city's most importnat museums, an amusement park, several lakes, the only genuine castle in North America,, Mexico's largest zoo and the residence of the President of Mexico, Los Pinos. Chapultepec Castle is also known as "The Halls of Montezuma."

'''''Wie geht's, mein alter Kumpel''''' 
German: How are you, my old workmate?

==Page 989==

'''the new Monument to National Independence''' 
Mexico City's No.1 landmark. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_%C3%81ngel ''Monumento de la Independencia''], situated on a roundabout at the ''Paseo de la Reforma'' (Reform Avenue) in Mexico City's downtown area, was inaugurated in 1910. The sculptures that surround the base represent Law, Justice, War and Peace. On top of the monument is a winged and gilded angel, known as ''Angel de la Independencia'', or just ''El Angel''. See photo of 
[http://www.zanzig.com/travel/mexico-photos/m005-070.htm ''El Angel''].

'''''a face he recognized''''' 
Another angel modeled on Dally? El Angel was sculpted by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Alciati Enrique Alciati].

'''''"máquina loca," "muerte"'' and ''"tú"''''' 
Spanish: "crazy locomotive," "dead" and "you."

'''When his eyes refocused, whoever had spoken had moved on''' 
Frank has, at recognizing Dally's face, gone into the same kind of trance, a merger with the moment, or with the machine, that had almost taken him into the collision with the Federal train on P.985. The warning words seem to be "crazy machine", "dead" and "you". A warning from the Angel of Death, via another Alternate Communication channel.

:Why the Angel of Death rather than the Angel of Light?

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: hug.

'''''sinvergüencistas''''' 
From ''sin vergüenza,'' Spanish: without shame. The ''-istas'' ending makes it refer to a group of adherents.

'''out of Vera Cruz, down to Frontera . . . to Villahermosa, Tuxtla Gutiérrez . . . and across the Sierra to the Pacific coast''' 
From Mexico City by land roughly 200 miles east to Veracruz on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, continued east 230 miles by sea to Frontera, a small town on the Gulf coast, turned south by land 20 miles to Villahermosa, the capital of Chiapas, continue 40 miles to Tuxtla Gutiérrez and came 80 miles over the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and reached the Pacific coast around Tapachula near the border with Guatemala.

'''''Tu madre chingada puta''''' 
Rude, rude Spanish: Your mother's a fucking whore.

==Page 990==

'''Machine-Age nightmare . . . the future of coffee''' 
Another Crazy Machine, or perhaps "Out of Control" machine (the governor on the locomotive on P.985 "no longer regulated anything"). Coffee is being industrialized, contributing to the ubiquity of outlets on P. 817, not to mention today, with overwhelming consequences for the indigenous growers.

'''Chamulan Indians''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzotzil_people Tzotzil] Maya.

'''San Cristóbal''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_las_Casas Wikipedia]

'''Tuxtla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxtla_Guti%C3%A9rrez Wikipedia]

'''Tapachula''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapachula Wikipedia]

'''El Quetzal Dormido''' 
The Sleeping [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzal Quetzal].

'''Melpómene''' 
Name of the Greek muse of tragedy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melpomene Wikipedia]

'''Palenque''' 
A Chiapas small town roughly 20 miles southeast of Villahermosa, 70 miles notheast of Tuxtla Gutiérrez. From 500 to 800 A.D. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palenque Palenque] was a major power in the Maya world. Today it remains shrouded in the mist of a tropical jungle and a significant archealogical site dominating by the ''Temple of the Inscription'' with the tomb of Lord Pacal, the ruler from 615-653 A.D. inside.

==Page 991==

'''''guayuleros''''' 
???

'''''cucuji''''' 
??? According to the text they are "giant luminous beetles."

'''''tinterillo''''' 
???

'''''Ahora, apágate''''' 
Spanish: Now put yourself out, extinguish yourself.

'''''Bueno''' 
Good.

==Page 992==

'''''instantaneously''''' 
In violation of Einstein's special theory of relativity. 
a wireless, immediate, human way of communicating.

'''''Caray . . . novio . . .''''' 
Good heavens . . . boyfriend . . .

'''Mazatán''' 
There's a map with Mazatán on this web [http://www.travelpost.com/NA/Mexico/Chiapas/Mazatan/7645531 page].

'''''Qué''''' 
What, as in "what the fuck?"

'''''querida''''' 
dear, darling

==Page 993==

'''It is like the telephone exchange . . . the single greater organism remains intact, coherent, connected.''' 
Actually not like the telephone exchange. On P. 708, Derrick Theign worries that in case of war, telephone and telegraph will become unreliable; this is his reason for creating the R.U.S.H. This telepathic network, like an unfailing cell phone network, is far more reliable.

'''Tenochtitlán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlán] was the capital of the Aztec empire, built on an island in Lake Texcoco in what is now the Federal District in central Mexico. At its height, Tenochtitlán was one of the largest cities in the world, with over 200,000 inhabitants. The city was destroyed in 1521 by Spanish conquistadors. Mexico City was erected on top of the ruin.

'''Angel of the Fourth Glorieta on Reforma''' 
''Glorieta'' is a monument. See the angel, pg. 989.

==Page 994==

'''He knew what it was but could not find its name in his memory''' 
Presumably the unknown menace from which Aztlan's inhabitants fled. But suggestive both of air attack and the menace of North American industrialization in 1900 and NAFTA in 2000.

'''tezontle''' 
The colonists and Indian artisans employed local [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-589541/tezontle tezontle], a light and porous volcanic rock, to create elaborate facades on buildings.

'''tepetate''' 
A porous whitish-yellow rock used in building construction when cut into blocks. As a construction material tepetate has played a major role in the development of modern Mexico.

'''indicative world''' 
Very potent phrase. The world of everyday reality, indicating the deepeer reality of the visions? The indicative mood in grammar is the mood of simple declarative statements, plain facts: there was Melpomene, here is a chair. A mood incommensurate with Frank's trance.

'''the Huerta coup''' 
Against Madero, who was shot, February 1913.

'''Ciudadela''' 
The [http://archaeology.asu.edu/teo/intro/ciudad.htm Ciudadela] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teotihuacan Teotihuacán].

'''Félix Díaz''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_D%C3%ADaz Wikipedia]

'''Decena Trágica''' 
Spanish: the tragic ten days.

'''Zócalo''' 
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zocalo zócalo] is a central town square or plaza.

'''''el palacio blanco''''' 
Spanish: the white palace

'''Pino Suárez''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pino_Su%C3%A1rez Wikipedia]

==Page 995==

'''It was the first time he was aware of getting paid for being stupid. Could there be a future in this?''' 

Sounds like another Pynchonian 'in-joke'. In "Vineland", Zoyd Wheeler is getting his yearly cheques for precisely that, i.e. doing something stupid.

==Page 996==

'''''¡Epa!''''' 
Spanish: Whoa! Soccer (fútbol) announcers interject ¡Epa! when two players have a very physical coming together.

'''Since last September the mine workers' union had been out on strike''' 
The Colorado "coal war" of September 1913 to April 1914; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist.html here is an eye-opening account.]

==Page 997==

'''Pagosa Springs''' 
South Central Colorado town in the heart of the San Juan Forest.

==Page 998==

'''...over Wolf Creek Pass, into the San Luis Valley...San Luis Basin...through Fort Garland...up the Sangre de Cristos over North La Veta Pass...the first rooftops of Walsenburg.''' 
The route described would take them from the presumably UMW-sympathetic mining country in the San Juans, north and east along current US highway 160 (called the Navaho Trail), across the San Luis Valley and Basin to North La Veta Pass, with Walsenburg and the prairies and canyons of the coal country beyond to the east (the only safe approach to the striking mines).

The geography of this journey is as carefully described as the various characters' journeys through the Balkans (the description of the view of the Spanish Peaks and Culebra Range are absolutely accurate), and there must be a reason, something these regions have in common.

The San Luis Valley and immediately adjacent areas are the furthest northeastern reaches of the Spanish Empire in North America, part of the Province of Nueva Mexico del Norte of New Spain, later Mexico (part of which became the state of New Mexico in 1912). The area around Telluride would be the northern border of Pynchon's vision of Aztlan (it is in fact the northern border of the Pueblo settlements). These are, therefore, like the Balkans, borders between newly industrializing empires and older, tribally-organized, "pre-scientific" cultures (both with indigenous mystical/spiritual traditions, with which the characters interact). Here and in nearby Mexico, mechanization and industrialization of resource extraction are causing heartbreaking exploitation and violence, and the indigenous shamanism and mysticism and their unmediated power are being destroyed by advancing industrial civilization, exactly as described by Dwight Prance on P.777.

Niall Ferguson(''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'', Penguin Press, 2006) points to three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility (See note to P.939). Both the Balkans and the American Southwest/Mexico fulfilled those conditions.

==Page 999==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 946-975

2007-06-15T19:32:07Z

Cal: /* Page 946 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 946==

'''Orpheus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Wikipedia] entry for Orpheus, click on Death of Eurydice when you get there.

'''Young woman, there is money everywhere''' 
Even this spiritual expedition has an accountant. 
Also, Pluto, Lord of the Underworld - with all its mineral wealth - is the original plutocrat.

'''''Interdikt'' line''' 
That horizontal line on the map again.

'''Veliko Târnovo''' 
North central Bulgaria on north side of Stara Planina range. Just for Bulgarian Pynchon uses at least two transliteration systems; where you see the letter ''â'' in this system, another will have ''u.'' Present-day transliteration from Bulgarian uses the letter ''ǔ.'' The sound resembles the U in "bump"; it's represented by Ъ in the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet.

'''''ruchenitsa''''' 
Bulgarian: a folk dance. The ''u'' represents the "uh" sound.

'''St. Tryphon's Day''' 
St. Tryphon or Trypho is the protector of fields. Feast day is Feb. 1 in the Orthodox calendar; at the time of the action the western and eastern calendars had drifted 12 or 13 days apart, throwing the Gregorian (western) date toward mid-February.

==Page 947==

'''Dimyat''' 
Bulgarian wine made from grapes grown near the Black Sea coast.

'''Misket''' 
Muscatel wine.

'''May, I think''' 
1912. The date gets pegged a few pages further on.

'''Kazanlâk''' 
Central Bulgaria, south slope of Stara Planina range, halfway between Plovdiv and Veliko Târnovo.

'''Rozovata Dolina''' 
Bulgarian: rose valley. The Dimitrov Dam (completed in 1955, so not yet in existence at this point in AtD) may have filled part of the valley with a reservoir. Mild confusion: The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Valley%2C_Bulgaria Wikipedia entry] gives the Bulgarian name as ''Rosova dolina.''

'''between the Balkan range and the Sredna Gora''' 
Mountain ranges running east-west across Bulgaria, the Balkan (Stara Planina) to the north. ''Stara Planina'' = Old Range, ''Sredna Gora'' = Central Mountains.

This is, in fact, Eastern Rumelia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Rumelia].

'''''mutri''''' 
Bulgarian, literally: mugs, wry faces.

==Page 948==

'''Petrich''' 
Extreme southwestern Bulgaria, near the Bulgaria/Greece/Macedonia triple point.

'''on Macedonian border''' 
Today's maps reflect another century of boundary fights and negotiations. Petrich is not right on the present border, for example.

'''between Plovdiv and Petrich''' 
Southwest quarter of Bulgaria.

'''the music stopped two years ago''' 
I.e., in 1910.

==Page 949==

'''called out to, by their diminutives''' 
You can make a list of "nicknames" from most any Slavic name. In Russian, for example, ''Aleksandr'' is informally called Alyosha, Sasha, Sashenka, etc. The irregulars are boys from the neighborhood and get addressed as such.

'''crossing ''R. damascena'' with ''R. alba''''' 
Species of roses. The species most used in attar-making is ''Rosa damascena.''

==Page 950==

'''named the baby Ljubica''' 
Serbo-Croatian: violet (the flower). Commemorating Cyprian's toilette at Carnesalve, I suggest; see pages 881 and 891. '''The name is pronounced LYOO-beet-sah.''' In light of the musical theme, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubica_Mari%C4%87 Ljubica Marić], b. 1909, considered to be one of the most original composers to emerge from Yugoslavia, should be noted.

'''toroidal black iron antenna . . . one of those Tesla rigs''' 
I.e., made to transmit or receive energy wirelessly. 
Sounds like another [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardenclyffe_Tower Wardenclyffe Tower]

==Page 951==

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
The Canadian band Rush (see note p. 708, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography]) has a song on the 1981 album ''Moving Pictures'' called ''YYZ'' (Why Yz-les-Bains?). (YYZ is actually the airport code for Toronto, Canada).

'''Mihály Vámos''' 
Hungarian name, but ''vámos'' is also Spanish = go!

'''''Szia, haver''''' 
Hungarian: Hello buddy!

==Page 952==

'''''Zabraneno''''' 
Bulgarian: the forbidden. Same meaning as ''Interdikt.''

'''an attar-factory rep''' 
Attar: a fragrant essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers; attar of roses, a fragrant extract of the petals. And indeed, rose oil is the most important commodity produced in the Rozovata Dolina, with Kazanlak being the trade center for the product.

'''Philippopolis''' 
Philippopolis is now Plovdiv, located 40-50 miles south of the valley. Plovdiv was Philippopolis in 342 B.C., when it was conquered by Philip II of Macedonia and by the 1st century A.D. had undergone 2 more name changes: to Pulpudeva and to Thrimonzium. The name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv Plovdiv] first appeared around 1369.

That brings up an important point. There's all kinds of evidence in ''AtD'' that Pynchon has appropriated history as he found it in contemporary sources. And it's a good bet that much of the published history came from Britain. Writers today like to use "local" names, but that wasn't so in earlier times. The 1911 ''Brittanica,'' for example, has entry after entry under "Henry" for monarchs who went by Heinrich, Henri, Enrique and so forth. This now-unfashionable conservatism, picked up and repeated in ''AtD,'' means we shouldn't expect to see a reference to Sevastopol'; look instead for Sebastopol. Similarly we'd see Budweis instead of České Budějovice if the subject of brewing arose. And Philippopolis follows the pattern.

'''casemate''' 
In a fortification, an armored room or emplacement for artillery. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casemate Wikipedia]

==Page 953==

'''it's only chlorine . . . you get phosgene''' 
Accurate account of the process then used to produce phosgene. Today an activated carbon catalyst replaces the sunlight.

'''''motoros''''' 
Cyclist, biker, referring here to Mihaly Vamos.

'''light is..the destructive element''' 
Thematic,of course, when non-natural light is created....studies back to
'city illumination'. Cf. Telluride chapter.

'''millions of candles per square inch''' 
Not easily converted to other units of measurement. Since the International Candle was defined as the light output from a specified wax candle, imagine a source emitting as much light as a million candles. Then imagine the sky covered with such sources, one to a square inch. No, it's unimaginably bright—disorienting, blinding, probably scorching.

'''Shipka''' 
A very small village in Bulgaria's Central Balkan Mountains, near a mountain pass of strategic importance, which connects northern Bulgaria to Upper Thrace (East Rumelia). It was the site of a battle between the Russian army and the Ottoman Turks in 1877.

'''''Sok szerencsét''''' 
Hungarian: good luck.

==Page 954==

'''Thrace''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace Thrace] is a region in southeast Europe spreading over southern Bulgaria, northwestern Greece, and European Turkey.

'''Varna''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna Varna] is a major seaport of Bulgaria on the Black Sea Coast. It is the third largest city of the country and a primary tourist destination.

==Page 955==

'''''folie à trois''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folie_%C3%A0_deux ''Folie à deux''] describes delusional behavior displayed by two people; here it's by three. With ''folie à deux'', the crucial point is that the sum is more than the parts: behaviors or actions only occur because of the two people interacting.

'''hebephrenic''' 
Involving delusions, hallucinations, pointless and childish behavior.

'''raptors''' 
birds of prey.

'''Sliven''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliven Sliven] is a town east of Kazanlâk, nearly the geographic center of the country, Bulgaria.

'''the ''Halkata''''' 
Bulgarian ''khalka'': ring. The suffix ''-ta'' is a definite article. An existing formation in Bulgaria [http://noe2002.hit.bg/index1.html pic].

'''Ulitsa Rakovsky''' 
Bulgarian: Rakovsky Street. Georgi Rakovsky (1821-67), Bulgarian freedom fighter.

==Page 956==

'''''krâchma''''' 
Pronounced like CRUTCH-mah. Bulgarian: tavern.

'''Byal Sredets''' 
Cigarettes? Yes, according to the text the monk "took two cigarettes" from the "pack of Byal Sredets." After not too much searching, no cigar(-ettes) but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byala%2C_Varna_Province Byala] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredets Sredets] are towns near Varna, and silly speculation: to a non-Bulgarian English speaker, Byal Sredets, kind of looks like it could sound like "buy all cigarettes," if you pronounce Sredets as sir-e-dets.
Byal is also evocative of beyul, Baikal and bi-locale.
Byal, meaning white sits on the Black Sea. White-black, Manichaen.

'''''Zdrave . . . kakvo ima?''''' 
Bulgarian: Good health . . . what's the matter?

'''Bogomils''' 
Heretical sect in Balkans with doctrinal links to Cathars and Albigensians. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogomilism Bogomilism]

'''''Pavlikeni''''' 
Sources differ on the meaning: (1) Bulgarian Catholics; (2) members of a heretical sect with dualist (Manichean) doctrines influenced by beliefs of the Bogomils. Also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulicianism Paulicianism].

'''Hebrus River . . . Maritza''' 
The Maritza or Maritsa flows west to east, draining Bulgaria between the Stara Planina (Balkan range) and the Rhodopes, then turns south and west to the Aegean Sea. The port at its mouth, in Greece, is called Evros, a name derived from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrus Hebrus].

==Page 957==

'''Manichæans''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_429-459#Page_437 page 437] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M the index at M].

'''Pythagorean ''akousmata''''' 
"Avoid beans." [[A|See explanation in the "A" alphabetical page.]]

'''hegumen''' 
In the Greek Orthodox Church, head of a religious community. (And, silly aside, legumen, in Latin, means bean).

'''Tetractys''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_219|page 219: Tetractys]].

'''Zalmoxis''' 
This passage could almost have been drawn from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxis Wikipedia entry.]

'''Krâstova Gora''' 
Bulgarian: name of a mountain or range. [http://www.discover-bulgaria.com/Articles.aspx?ProductID=268&CategoryID=0&pg=3&srchString= Krâstova Gora] means "Mountain (or Forest) of the Cross" and is in the Rhodopes. The monk Grigorii, known as “the Rhodopean Paisii”, has named in his sermons the Central Rhodopes as the “Mountain of the Cross” or “Forest of the Cross”. The Russian Paisi is mentioned on [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_892-918#Page_904 page 904].

Is this sentence the orphan of some narrative that's been cut? Disclosure of the baby's sex is on p. 949 and has neither a mountain nor a church in it.

'''narthex''' 
Lobby or portico of a church.

==Page 958==

'''sympathetic spirits who had dug spaces beneath their own precarious dwellings to harbor her for a night or two at a time''' 
Compare the annotations on ''stranniki'' and ''podpol'niki'' [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|(page 663).]]

'''Bernadette o' Lourdes''' 
young woman who is reputed to have seen visions of the Mother of the Divine at Lourdes in France. See Wikipedia.

==Page 959==

'''Oh, there won't be any war''' 
Cyprian's self-discovered religiousness seems to make him overly optimistic--blind--to historical reality.

'''σχημα''' 
In English, ''schema.''

'''Νυξ''' 
In English, ''Nux'' or ''Nyx.'' cf Brides of Night below.

'''Talking, for women, is a form of breathing''' 
Compare p. 501: "a hundred women . . . all silent." Tying Noellyn/Yashmeen to Cyprian?

'''What is it that is born of light?''' 
Cyprian trying to make sense of his epiphany on page 953. 
Phosgene. 
Nicene Creed, "light of light, true God of true God, begotten not made"

==Page 960==

'''Hesychasts''' 
Contemplative hermits in Orthodox Church; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesychasts see Wikipedia entry.]
From the concise Brittanica: Hesychasm
in Eastern Christianity, type of monastic life in which practitioners seek divine quietness (Greek hesychia) through the contemplation of God in uninterrupted prayer. Such prayer, involving the entire human being—soul, mind, and body—is often called “pure,” or “intellectual,” prayer or the Jesus prayer. St. John Climacus, one of the greatest writers of the Hesychast tradition, wrote, “Let the remembrance of Jesus be present with each breath, and then you will know the value of the hesychia.” In the late 13th century, St. Nicephorus the Hesychast produced an even more precise “method of prayer,” advising novices to fix their eyes during prayer on the “middle of the body,” in order to achieve a more total attention, and to “attach the prayer to their breathing.” This practice was violently attacked in the first half of the 14th century by Barlaam the Calabrian, who called the Hesychasts omphalopsychoi, or people having their souls in their navels.

The Hesychast usually experiences the contemplation of God as light, the Uncreated Light of the theology of St Gregory Palamas. The Uncreated Light that the Hesychast experiences is identified with the Holy Spirit. Experiences of the Uncreated Light are allied to the 'acquisition of the Holy Spirit'. Orthodox Tradition warns against seeking ecstasy as an end in itself. Hesychasm is a traditional complex of ascetical practices embedded in the doctrine and practice of the Orthodox Church and intended to purify the member of the Orthodox Church and to make him ready for an encounter with God that comes to him when and if God wants, through God's Grace (note earlier mention of an "anti-Grace"). Very different from attainment of Nirvana.

'''Transfiguration of Christ''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus Transfiguration].

'''''omphalopsychoi''''' 
see above. "Hesychasts condemned as "having their souls in their navel".

'''Shekhinah''' 
The Kabbala calls this Spirit, Shekkinah, which, according to Harold Bloom, refers to the "feminine element in Yahweh." Shekkinah is God's maternal nature, Mother God, who broods over the Earth searching for and gathering the world's orphans and outcasts under her wings. 
The author of Genesis tells us this Spirit hovered over the earth before creation. That which dwells, that which abides.

'''shiny black accoutrements''' 
[[ATD_678-694#Page_678|See the delicious annotation to page 678.]]

'''Cosmas of Jerusalem''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Cosmas See the concise Wikipedia article.]

==Page 961==

'''metempsychosis''' 
Habitation by a soul of a different (or new) body; non-Orthodox concept related to reincarnation.

'''[i]f self-similarity proves to be a built-in property of the universe''' 
As it does seem to be. Example: a map of streams draining the side of a mountain is similar (though on a different scale) to a map of rivers draining half a continent.
:any mountain,any continent? 
:Um, no, it was an inexact statement, wasn't it. ''In a fairly broad sense,'' the way rivers join to form larger and larger streams is mirrored by the way tiny erosion channels join to form larger and larger gullies. Of course there's some continent that doesn't follow the pattern (Antarctica at present a pretty fair instance), and some mountain too (though I don't think of one offhand), but self-similarity is a widely encountered behavior. 
Moon and electron and sleep, death as text examples, are 'universe(al)' analogies.
:That is very much to the point, but self-similarity is stronger than analogy. "As above, so below" covers analogies but also behaviors at different scales that follow from common causes.

'''Brides of Night''' 
A name (used by whom?) of the order Cyprian seeks to join. 
This 'order' seems to be a creation of Pynchon's, an important metaphorical one. In Hesychasism, massive humility is stressed, as is the
linked notion that God is light and can never be known (not even after the Beatific Vision). So, a Bride of Night is a humble 'nun' who is married to the darkness of the Unknown God. 

Cf: p. 959 regarding the Orthodox schema of initiation and nyx. 
This is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_negativa ''Via Negativa''] or Apophathic theology which seeks to describe God by negation, by what cannot be said or ascribed to God. Hesychast Gregory Palamas followed this path as did many Eastern Christian fathers. Before them it can be found in Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hesiod and Plotinus. Indeed the theogony of Nyx given on p.959 is almost directly from Hesiod, where chaos is likened to anarchos. The via negativa is a mainstay of Christian mysticism (The Cloud of Unknowing, Dark Night of the Soul, Meister Eckart); Vedanta (Upanishads) "neti, neti"; Buddhism -- anatta, nirvana; Taoism -- the uncarved block, "the way that can be spoken is not the true way," empty but inexhaustible; and Islam -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi Shurarwardi], who speaks of the pure immaterial light, the luminous darkness.

==Page 962==

'''don't look back . . . or he'll take you below . . . down to America''' 
Orpheus and Eurydice again. And Lot and his wife, from Book 2.

'''And Cyprian was taken behind a great echoless door''' 
Cyprian's final transcendence of desire—which at one point we might have taken as a ''renunciation'' of desire—prompts a review of how desire itself has been presented in ''AtD.'' See text and annotations:
*Harald the Ruthless learns about desire and the forsaking of desire, [[ATD_119-148#Page_127|p. 127]]
*Scarsdale Vibe experiences a kind of desire for Kit, [[ATD_149-170#Page_158|p. 158]]
*Contemplating Yashmeen's neck, Cyprian experiences desire "of rather a specialized sort," [[ATD_489-524#Page_499|p. 499]]
*"Unreflective desire" rules Cyprian's days on the Lagoon, [[ATD_695-723#Page_708|p. 708]]
*Aspects of desire, or rather his responses to it, define Auberon Halfcourt's "two creatures resident within the same life," [[ATD_748-767#Page_759|759]]
*Cyprian first experiences a "release from desire," [[ATD_821-848#Page_839|p. 839]]
*Cyprian displays an "appetite for sexual abasement" with "a religious surrender of the self"; Yashmeen sees salvation in his surrender, [[ATD_864-891#Page_876|pp. 876-77]]
*Cyprian's transcendence of desire will be Yashmeen's reprieve from "political forms" and "utopian dreams," [[ATD_919-945#Page_942|p. 942]]

==Page 963==

'''Plain of Thrace . . . Rhodopes . . . Pirin range''' 
From the convent/castle around Sliven in the Stara Planina or Sredna Gora, south across the Maritsa valley, southwest across the Rhodope mountain range, southwest through the higher Pirins. Close to the present Bulgarian-Greek-Macedonian borders, on a generally southwestward track to the southwest corner of Bulgaria.

'''To move through it would be to struggle against time...''' 
Time and Light are linked by Relativity Theory. According to the equations, as an object approaches the speed of light, time dilates. The speed of light cannot be exceeded; time speeds up to accomodate any such attempt. (Doesn't time slow down? I.e., from the point of view of an observer not on the speeding object, doesn't a clock on the object run slow?) This has nothing directly to do with the ''brightness'' of the light, however; light of whatever intensity travels at the same speed.

'''In mid-October . . . invaded Macedonia''' 
1912, First Balkan War. The text does not mention Montenegro, which was active as well. Insofar as war aims played any role, everybody aimed to get Turkey out of the Balkans, but there was little unity beyond that. 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Balkan_War The First Balkan War] (1912-1913) was fought between the members of the Balkan League—Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro—and the Ottoman Empire. The league was formed under Russian auspices in the spring of 1912 to take Macedonia away from Turkey. Montenegro opened hostilities with Turkey on October 8, 1912 and the other members of the league delcared war on October 18. The Ottoman's army collapsed and disintegrated in first two months' fighting. The war officially ended with the signing in London on May 30, 1913 a peace treaty in which the Ottoman Empire lost almost all of its European territory including all of Macedonia and Albania—Macedonia was divided between Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece; Albania was declared independent.

'''. . . by the twenty-second, fighting between Bulgarians and Turks was heavy around Kumanovo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumanovo Kumanovo] is located in northern Macedonia near present-day border with Serbia, about 15 miles northeast of Skopje, the capital of the country.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo The Battle of Kumanovo] (October 23-24, 1912) was a major battle of the First Balkan War. After the outbreak of hostilities, three Serbian Armies, from left to right the 3rd, 1st and 2nd, advanced southwards towards Skopje. They defeated the Ottoman's 7th and 6th corps at Kumanovo in two day's fighting. The Ottoman's armies retreated 50 miles southwards all the way to Prilep, and the Serbians entered Skopje on October 26 without a fight. 

'''Adrianople''' 
Now called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edirne Edirne]. It is situated at the westernmost part of Turkey, at the present-day Turkish-Greek frontier near the Turkey/Greece/Bulgaria triple point.

'''''mehana''''' 
Mehana is Serbian and Bulgarian for the Turkish word [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehana meyhane].

'''from Philippopolis . . . Adrianople''' 
From Plovdiv southeastward down the Maritsa to Adrianople (now called Edirne).

'''Ivanoff's Second Army''' 
General Nikola Ivanov's Second Army of Bulgaria advanced from Philippopolis southeastwards to Adrianople along the Maritsa river.

==Page 964==

'''west through Strumica and Valandovo . . . the Vardar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumica Strumica] is in the southeast of present-day Macedonia; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valandovo Valandovo] is about 8 miles to the southwest. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardar Vardar], passing by near Valandovo, is the major river of Macedonia, flowing north to south more or less.

'''the Tikveš wine country''' 
A plain in the center of present-day Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikve%C5%A1 Wikipedia]

'''Monastir''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitola Bitola] in southwest Macedonia.

'''becoming a popular, perhaps someday a national, delusion.''' 
That is, if these Turkish provinces can become nations, these horrors can be cleansed to become the national foundation myth. Nations based on ethnic division was in fact the basis for the peace settlements ending World War I.

'''between Veles and Prilep''' 
In central Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veles_%28city%29 Veles] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prilep Prilep]

==Page 965==

'''by way of Kičevo and Prilep''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Devo Kičevo] is in western present-day Macedonia, Prilep more in the middle. Two Serbian columns?

'''Babuna Pass''' 
North of Prilep.

'''Russian Madsen guns and . . . Montenegrin Rexers''' 
They refer to [http://www.landships.freeservers.com/new_pages/madsen_mg_info.htm Danish Madsen light machine guns].

'''Howitzer''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howitzer Wikipedia entry]

'''"Once they get their line and length," she said''' 
A very good cricket joke by Yashmeen. Effective bowling requires the ball to be directed on the "line" of the stumps defended by the batsman, and not wide on either side. The ball must hit the pitch (the ground) in front of the batsman "on a good length", ie not too short or too full, because such deliveries can be hit more easily. Reef is either very sharp, or played cricket in Colorado.

==Page 966==

'''I Zingari''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: I.Z.]] 
I Zingari (from the Italian for "the gypsies") is an English amateur cricket club which was formed on 4 July 1845, by a very aristocratic parentage. Also known as IZ, I Zingari is a wandering (or nomadic) club, having no home ground. Its club colours are black, red and gold, symbolizing the motto "out of darkness, through fire, into light"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Zingari]. The colors, therefore, are the anarchist Red and Black, plus gold. "Out of darkness, through fire, into light" could be the motto of every seeker in AtD, and certainly applies to Yasmeen at the present moment.

==Page 967==

'''Sarakatsàni''' 
Not a place but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarakatsani a people], Greek-speaking nomadic shepherds across the Southern Balkans well beyond the present-day borders of Greece.

'''Bukovo Pass''' 
??? Here's a [http://outdoors.webshots.com/photo/2110787010065488803qeBkDg map] with the pass and Ohrid.

'''down into Ohrid''' 
Extreme southwest of present-day Macedonia, by Lake Ohrid, a bordering lake shared between Macedonia and Albania.

'''Liman von Sanders''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Liman_von_Sanders Otto Liman von Sanders] (1855-1929), German advisor to Turkish military. In overall command of Turkish victories at the Dardanelles in 1915. Remember the earlier discussion about English and Russian fears of German influences in the Ottoman Empire, especially re the Berlin/ Baghdad railway.

'''But now the Serbs knew they could beat them''' 
A fatal conclusion, contributing to the recklessness of Serbian nationalism, and intransigence in the face of Ausrtrian demands in the wake of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. Serbia suffered terrible reverses in World War I.

==Page 968==

'''Sveti Naum''' 
Macedonian: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Naum St. Naum]. Large monastery on the lakefront south of Ohrid.

'''the defeat at Monastir''' 
The Serbian army decisively defeated the Ottoman army at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bitola Battle of Bitola] (Monastir) November 16-19, 1912.

'''Yanina''' 
Now Ioánnina, in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_%28region%29 Epirus] province of present-day Greece, about 60 miles east of the Corfu island. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina Ioannina], about 270 miles northwest of Athens, is located in the western Greece 25 miles from the Albanian border.

'''Pogradeci, on the road to Korça''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogradeci Pogradec], Albania, across the lake from Ohrid, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB Korcë], 20 miles south of Pogradeci, southeastern Albania near present-day Greek border.

==Page 969==

'''Erseka''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erseka Ersekë], southeastern Albania near the Greek border, 20 miles south of Korca.

'''Gramoz Range . . . Pindus''' 
Grámmos on present-day maps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindus Pindus] range runs mainly north-south in northwestern Greece; the [http://www.gtp.gr/LocPage.asp?Id=60639 Grámmos] range marks the boundary of Greece and Albania (and also the boundary between two Greek provinces, one of them named Macedonia).

'''šarplaninec''' 
Or šarplaninac. Named for the Šar Planina mountain range. It's a largeish working breed. Compare the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0arplaninac Wikipedia article] with the description of Kseniya's temperament.

'''Kseniya''' 
The name (here in Macedonian form; elsewhere Xenia) means "guest, stranger."

==Page 970==

'''''tungjatjeta''''' 
Albanian: hello! Literally: "may you have a long life" 

'''Gras''' 
1874 French rifle.

'''''një rosë vdekuri''''' 
Albanian: "What we call a rose"...Allusion to Juliet's line from Romeo & Juliet: "that what we call a rose/ by any other name would smell as sweet"

'''''Vëlla''''' 
Albanian: brother

'''Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin''' 
The most important of the hereditary codes of conduct that shape the inter-generational behavior of the rural Albanians that make up the overwhelming majority of the Kosovar population. The Kanun of Lek Dukagin probably emerged in the 15th Century but was not even written down until the 19th Century. The foundation of the Kanun is the concept of personal honor and at the center of its laws is the blood feud, a complicated system of vendettas aimed at obtaining satisfaction ''vis a vis'' punishment. There are four major offenses to personal honor under the Kanun:

#calling a man a liar in front of other men;
#insulting his wife;
#taking his weapons; and
#violating his hospitality.

These offenses are not paid for in property or by fines but by the spilling of blood or by a magnanimous pardon.

From [http://www.d-n-i.net/fcs/comments/c339.htm Balkan Primer (X) - Blood Feuds, Kanuns, and American Policy]

==Page 971==

'''rakia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakia Rakia] is a hard liquor similar to brandy.

'''''Gëzuar!''''' 
Albanian: Cheers!

'''Tosk''' 
Principal [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian southern dialect] of Albanian, basis of the literary language.

'''Përmeti''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrmet Përmet] on present-day maps, 20 miles southwest of Erseke.

'''Gjirokastra''' 
Argyrokastron on old maps, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr Gjirokastër] on new ones, 20 miles soutwest of Permeti near the south end of Albania; about 15 miles from the Adriatic coast.

'''Vjosa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjosa Vijosë] on present-day maps. The Vijose river flows through Permeti northwestwards to the Adriatic Sea.

==Page 972==

'''There was a cease-fire in effect now among all parties except for Greece, still trying to take Yanina''' 
In less than two months since the First Balkan War started on October 8, 1912 the Ottoman's army was totally defeated losing Salonica, Albania, Epirus, Macedonia and Thrace to its opponents and Adrianople was under siege since November 17. An armistice was signed between Bulgaria (Serbia and Montenegro) and Turkey on December 3. Greece continued the war alone, aiming to capture Ioannina. In the Battle of Bizani, February 20-21, 1913 Greece defeated the last Ottoman army ever to enter Macedonia and Epirus and took Ioannina.

'''Muzina Pass''' 
In Southern Albania it is 572 meters high.It connects Sarande [below] with the Drinos Valley. Wikipedia, German edition.
[[Image:corfu.jpg|thumb|Corfu harbor ca. 1890|right]]
'''Agli Saranta''' 
Present-day maps identify this Albanian Riviera town as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarand%C3%AB Sarandë], located between high mountains and the Ionian Sea facing Greek island of Corfu.

'''Corfu''' 
Western Greek island off the Greek/Albanian coast. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu Corfu],a 40-mile long island, is separated from Albania by straits varying in breadth from 2 to 25 miles. The principal town of the island, located in the east-central side of island facing Greece mainland, is also named ''Corfu''. Mt Pantokrator, a 3000-ft mountain in north-eastern Corfu, is the highest on the island—at its summit the whole island as well as Albania can be seen. Corfu island's turbulent history is full of battles and conquests; for example, between 1386 to 1797 it was under Venetian protection, in 1800s under French and the British from 1815, and it unified with Greece only as late as 1864. The 1981 James Bond movie ''For Your Eyes Only'' was filmed in Corfu.

'''Pantokratoras''' 
South of Mouzaki, Greece. Famous for Byzantine icon screens.
:Mouzaki and [http://www.zanteguru.com/places/pantokratoras.html Pantokratoras] are villages in Zante island, the last large Ionian Island down the Greek coast 80 miles south from Corfu island. The fishing boat traveling from Sarande to Corfu will not detour to Zante island first. 
Pantokratoras here refers to Mt Pantokrator (see ''Corfu'' above), a mountain in the northeast part of Corfu island, any boat traveling from Albanian town to the town of Corfu has to pass it.

'''St. Spiridion''' 
[http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/SaintsAlive/id648.htm St. Spiridion]

'''XI''' 
Eleven: a cricket team.

'''Lefkas''' 
Or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefkas Levkás], Leucas or Lefkada, the next sizable Ionian Island down the Greek coast from Corfu. Corinth and Lefkás were allies in the Peloponnesian War. Lefkás later was the capital of the Acarnanian League (3d cent. B.C.). The island was captured (1697) from the Ottoman Turks by Venice, which held it until 1797. There are ruins of Cyclopean walls and a temple to Apollo Leukates. Sappho is said, probably falsely, to have committed suicide by plunging into the sea from a cliff of the island. Lefkás is also known as Santa Maura. Columbia Encyclopedia.

'''demotic''' 
[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/demotic demotic]

==Page 973==

'''hot-pepper salamis''' 
are often paired with fragrant bunches of oregano. The hot pepper is present in salamis as well. They are big and red or as in the typical soppressata version, have a squashed shape due to their ageing under weights.

'''the Compassionate''' 
Yashmeen, Auberon and "the Compassionate" have come together before. On page 749 she wrote to him of her dream:
:We ascended, or rather, we were taken aloft, as if in mechanical rapture, to a great skyborne town and a small band of serious young people, dedicated to resisting death and tyranny, whom I understood at once to be the Compassionate.

Speculation: The Chums of Chance = The Compassionate = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes (Furies)?

'''the Esplanade''' 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli02.html#11 The Esplanade] is famed as "the largest square in the Balkans". Beginning in 1576 for 12 years, the houses huddled around the gate of a fortress was being demolished to allow the defenders a better view over the area leaving a great space which the French later planted with trees and today forms the Espalnde Square.

'''fiacre''' 
A small hackney carriage. [French, after the Hôtel de Saint Fiacre in Paris.]

'''Durazzo''' 
Now Durrës, Albania, nearest coastal city to the capital, Tiranë. It will be more than 100 miles north of Corfu.

'''casus belli''' 
An occasion or cause for war.

'''ouzo''' 
a colorless anise-flavored Greek liqueur. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouzo Wikipedia]

==Page 974==

'''Volodya''' 
Diminutive form of ''Vladimir.'' Not Colonel Prokladka.

'''a transaction in jade''' 
Bought/got jade low, sold high. 
You have to wonder if Aubrey didn't make his profit on a stolen gem, [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|such as an idol's eye.]]

'''one of those turns''' 
. . . And aren't there a lot of them through here.

==Page 975==

'''Garitsa''' 
Latitude 39.6139 Longitude 19.9197 Altitude (feet) 3
Lat (DMS) 39° 36' 50N Long (DMS) 19° 55' 11E Altitude (meters) 0 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli03.html#30 A suburb of Corfu by the Garitsa Bay] with a handsome, tree-lined coastal road with neo-Classical buildings on one side and the Garitsa Bay on the other; and a narrow tree-filled park where local taverns and grillrooms set out their tables under the trees.

'''Leadville Fan-Tan''' 
A card game, played no doubt in the gambling halls of Leadville, Colorado. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan#The_Card_Game_Fantan Wikipedia entry].

'''leptas''' 
Bastard plural of ''lepton'' (Greek = a low-denomination coin). Plural in Greek is ''lepta.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_lepton Wikipedia]

'''tsingarelli''' 
???

'''polenta''' 
Originally Italian; dish similar to cornmeal mush. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenta Wikipedia]

'''yaprakia''' 
Stuffed grape leaves (similar to dolmathes). [http://www.greek-recipe.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article169 recipe and pic]

'''stoufado''' 
Possibly an alternative spelling of ''stifado'' (Greek = beef and onion stew)? Apparently it is an Italian spelling, as stoufado appears on this [http://www.pietroizzo.com/contacts/pi_7/2004/2004_23.html page] (which is written in Italian) in the sentence starting with "La cucina greca" (Greek cuisine).

'''Mavrodaphne''' 
Red fortified wine made in the Achaia region of Greece. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavrodaphne Wikipedia]

'''Hrisoula''' 
The cat bears the name of King Yrjö's wife (GR 119).

'''''rembetika''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rembetika Rembetika]: the songs of the Greek underground, sung by the so-called rebetes (Greek: ρεμπέτης). Rebetes were unconventional people who lived outside the social order. They first appeared after the Greek War of Independence of 1821.

'''''karsilamas''''' 
[http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/dances/karsilam.htm a traditional Greek dance]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 919-945

2007-06-15T19:18:53Z

Cal: /* Page 942 */ the bourgeois day

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 919==

'''Holy Week''' 
Holy Week is the last week of Lent, the week immediately preceding Easter Sunday.

'''Madero's force at Casas Grandes''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_I._Madero Francisco Madero] (1873-1913) was a Mexico's liberal political leader. He denounced President Porfirio Diaz and headed an armed revolt to overthrow Diaz's idctatorship in November, 1910. In a span of six months, Madero was successful and Diaz was forced to resign and fled to France in exile, while Madero was elected president in November, 1911. In 1913, Madero was overthrown by his own general, Victoriano Huerta, and murdered. 
On March 5, 1911, during the Mexican Revolution, Madero led his forces to attack in Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, but was defeated.

'''the recent battle''' 
Battle of Casas Grandes, March 5, 1911, defeat for Madero's army in the Mexican Revolution; the action of this chapter begins a few days later.

'''''novio''''' 
Spanish: boyfriend.

'''something like a city after dark''' 
Like the White City, which he never saw.

==Page 920==

'''''¿qué tal, amigo?''''' 
Spanish: What's up, my friend?

'''''brujo''''' 
Spanish: wizard.

'''''¿verdad?''''' 
Spanish: don't you?

'''José de la Luz Blanco''' 
Colonel, later general, in Madero's revolutionary forces.

'''''mucho gusto''''' 
Spanish: pleased to meet you.

'''whipcord''' 
A strong worsted or cotton fabric made of hard-twisted yarns with a diagonal cord or rib [http://vintagesewing.info/1920s/23-wmtp/illust/whipcord.jpg pic].

==Page 921==

'''''Adiós, mi guapo''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, my lady's man (handsome dude).

'''''compinche''''' 
Spanish: pal.

'''''copas''''' 
Spanish: glasses, cups.

==Page 922==

'''Krupp mountain gun''' 
[http://www.spanamwar.com/spanishkrupp75.htm Picture and text].

'''laudanum, paregoric''' 
Laudanum is an alcoholic tincture of opium; paregoric, a camphorated tincture of opium.

'''Bloody Shirt''' 
Waving the bloody shirt, as a political tactic, dates back at least 1300 years. The demagogue compels listeners to a desired action by citing a wrong they cannot ignore or forgive.

'''Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
[[ATD 374-396#Page 395|See p.395: Bolsón de Mapimi]]

==Page 923==

'''campesino''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_376 page 376].

'''...the mysterious ruins thought to have been built by refugees fleeing from their mythical homeland of Aztlan up north.''' 
An interesting anacronism here. From [http://www.ccha-assoc.org/Meso-sw04/rationale.html this website], we learn that

:At first, because of its Pueblo-like architecture, Paquime [aka Casas Grandes] had been regarded as a sort of southern extension of the ancient Pueblo world. But Charles Di Peso's excavations in the 1950's raised a "storm of controversy," revealing pyramid platforms mounds, ball-courts, and macaw breeding pens, leading him to conclude that what he had found was a major Mesoamerican "Gateway City," a 14th century urban trading center from whence Mesoamerican prestige items (macaw feathers, marine shells, copper bells) were exported to the American Southwest, bringing "higher" Mesoamerican culture with them.

So it seems that at the time Wren Provenance would have been part of a "semi-official" Harvard dig at [[Casas Grandes]], the original inhabitants wouldn't have been considered to be from Aztlan, unless they are (gasp!) Trespassers/visitors from the future. And on [[#Page 930|page 930]], this is supported.

Also, Pynchon seems to subscribe here to the theory that the actual geographical location of Aztlan was somewhere in what is now the southwestern United States. He refers to Aztlan being "up north" of [[Casas Grandes]]. This theory, held by some, seems to contradict a well-established consensus among scholars that these areas were inhabited by North American Indians who, as opposed to Aztecs, left enough artifacts in these areas to document their existence there, and that Aztlan would have been closer to Central Mexico.

==Page 924==

'''''tetas de muñeca''''' 
Spanish: doll-tits.

'''''pinga de títere''''' 
Spanish: puppet-pecker.

'''Frank found himself in a strange yet familiar City [...] nobody but the most senior Astrologers even being allowed to view the sky.''' 
An amazing sentence, perhaps the longest in the novel (more than a page in length), reminiscent of the opening dream sequence or that evensong service in ''Gravity's Rainbow'' a hallucinogenic cinematic pan. Awesome!

==Page 925==

'''''tlachiqueros''''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: ''tlachiqueros'']].

'''swamp-beaver hides''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutria nutria] (called so in North America, coypu elsewhere) has the nickname [http://www.bugspray.com/article/nutria.html swamp beaver (see line 20)].

'''Hallucinati''' 
Play on ''Illuminati,'' the Illuminated Ones, but the Hallucinati are lit by indigenous cacti and such.

'''''paseo'' time''' 
Spanish: time for strolling.

'''''ristras''''' 
Spanish: strings.

'''pamphlets''' 
These bear some similarity to the infamous [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijuana_bibles "Tijuana Bibles"] of the 20th century.

'''heliographs''' 
The [[ATD_849-863#Page_851|annotation to page 851]] defines the machine used for communication; here "heliograph" is an image produced by the action of sunlight. [http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/wfp/ See this remarkable page titled "The First Photograph."] [http://www.nicephore-niepce.com/ Nicephore Niepce] invented the process which used the very limited sensitivity of bitumen of Judea to light to create an image.

'''city not yet come into being''' 
Like an Aztlan alternate, an Aztlan never conquered by Cortez, developing without European influence beyond 1500 AD--what would such a mesoamerican culture look like?

==Page 926==

'''a little light reading''' 
Note the pun. Frank's reading "pamphlets ... hand-tinted heliographs in luminescent violets" (from [[#Page 925|p. 925]]) Wren hands him "the exact same periodical"

'''trespassers..winged demigods''' 
Notice trespassers, non-capitalized, linked with beasts with wings--and gringos!-- we have seen earlier.

==Page 927==

==Page 928==

'''outside chance of saving his soul''' 
Frank must become aware, by developing a historical sense. Pynchon goes beyond his concept of Temporal Bandwidth (in ''V.''), the ability to experience the history of a place and imagine future consequences, to live simultaneously in past, present and future, to (if we agree Frank's vision took him to an alternate Aztlan) the ability to do so and to envision and in some sense inhabit alternate histories. Frank is a typical American, from a place whose history began yesterday; such an ability would save any American's soul.

'''They were not about to be caught twice''' 
i.e. not like the Mesa Verde people along the McElmo.

'''Mormon settlements''' 
Mormons did settle in the desert southwest, and proselytized among the Pueblos, Navajo and other groups. In 1911, Hopi adherents and traditionalists fought a brief civil war, permanently splitting the group between those remaining at the Mesas and those now settled at Tuba City, AZ.

==Page 929==
'''the cruel country of the invaders, the people with wings, the serpents who spoke, the poisonous lizards who never lost a fight''' 
Are these the Trespassers? This also sounds like the Tatzelwurm. Was the Tatzelwurm a Trespasser?

==Page 930==

'''"The professors she works for return in September to the other side..."''' 
Aha, no wonder these professors "under semi-office Harvard auspices" know about the Casas Grandes/Aztlan connection which arose in the 1950s, but they're digging in the summer of 1911! They're from "the other side" visitors/Trespassers from the future!

==Page 931==

'''profitable weeks''' 
Because they are using Yashmeen's roulette system; see pages 862-3 [[ATD_849-863#Page_863|and annotations.]]

'''Biarritz''' 
Cf [[ATD_864-891#Page_891|page 891: Biarritz]]. 
Coastal city in France, on the shore of the Bay of Biscay.

'''Pau''' 
Inland city in France, east of Biarritz.

'''Yz-les-Bains''' 
Aix-les-Bains, pronounced EKS-lay-ban, is a city in southeastern France. (''Bains'' = baths.) The name Yz, probably pronounced like eece but ''just possibly'' like the letter Y or Wise, may be an allusion to that. But here are a couple of odd things. (1) Although it is too high in the mountains to be "near the foothills," there is a ski resort called Ax-les-Thermes (''Thermes'' = hot springs). And (2) scattered through the French foothills are a number of places whose names are letters of the alphabet: Ercé (R.C.), Port de l'Oo (O.), Les Eaux (O.), St. Béat (B.A.) and the excessively high peak Cembras d'Azè (A.Z., almost). There may be an intricate game of hide-the-spa going on here.

Possibly because: if Aix=X, we have a real X(-les bans) and a YZ(-le-bans); these are the coordinates, x,y,z. It is "carefully hidden", and as described on this and the following pages resembles the ideal Anarchist Collective of our (and Pynchon's) hippie dreams, ca. 1970. If Riemann functions are involved (see [[#Page_937|P. 937 and note]]), Y and Z may be coordinates involving imaginary numbers, fitting for the Edenic commune first referred to on P.372-373: "a place promised them, not by God, which'd be asking too much of the average Anarchist, but by certain hidden geometries of History, which must include, somewhere, at least at a single point, a safe conjugate to all the spill of accursed meridians, passing daily, desolate, one upon the next."

'''''gave''''' 
French: mountain stream, torrent.

'''more ''desperamus'' than ''laudamus''''' 
Latin: more "we despair" than "we praise."

==Page 932==

'''I'm not in disguise...''' 
The hippie dream: turn on, tune in, drop out. But bring your skills. People did, as described here.

'''Sophrosyne Hawkes''' 
''Sophrosyne'' is Greek, used in philosophy: moderation, moral sanity.

'''the old dutch''' 
Rhyming slang: Duchess of Fife = wife.

'''treacle-and-brown-paper arrangement such as burglars use''' 
One of P.G. Wodehouse's stories gives a good summary. You want to break a windowpane without lacerating yourself and waking everybody in the house. Get some treacle (molasses, syrup) and brown wrapping paper. Smear the window with the treacle and stick the paper to it. Rap the paper smartly. The glass fractures but doesn't fall out. (But is this correct or the fantasy of some crime writer?)

==Page 933==

'''plasmon biscuit''' 
Containing milk protein, salts and phosphates, these were/are made as dog rations and as biscuits for babies and adults. Adults use them as a quick snack when hiking, etc. Ernest Shackleton [http://books.google.com/books?id=6uIRAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA116&lpg=RA1-PA116&dq=plasmon+biscuit&source=web&ots=GMffcVzVbV&sig=Sk0KPAc-fb776xo6Hks4Og7rUsU used them (see second full paragraph)] during the British Antarctic Expedition 1907-1909.

'''Holloway''' 
1852 U.K. prison in Islington, North London. Female only inmates since 1902.

'''brooch of honor designed by Sylvia Pankhurst''' 
An honour medal for imprisonment was awarded to Emmeline Pankhurst, founder of the suffragettes, by the Women's Social and Political Union, Pankhurst was arrested in 1908 after she called on supporters to disrupt Parliament. The medal is inscribed with the date of her arrest and Holloway prison, where she was held. (Interestinigly,the medal was recently put up for sale [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20061108/ai_n16826883].

'''Ratty, having tracked rumors and attended to messages...found his way to a secret path...''' 
The way their cheerful menage was founded and how it is structured and worked is reminiscent of the [http://www.findhorn.org/about_us/display_new.php#anchor-beginnings Findhorn Foundation]in Scotland, and [http://www.esalen.org Esalen] in Big Sur, both founded
while Pynchon was finishing V in 1962. For that matter, golf is common to all three places. Esalen co-founder Michael Murphy has written several books on mystical golf, calling the game "western yoga" and a "mystery school for Republicans."

'''John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._E._McTaggart He] is best known today for writing "The Unreality of Time" (published 1908). May I suggest that with a name like that you get ''deja vu'' by the time you finish reading it! 
Or whiplash. 
Such 'doubling' in his name is very Icelandic sparring, metaphorically speaking, of course.

'''senior combination-room''' 
A room for seniors at a college or university where they can enjoy TV, pool, ping pong, conversation, wine, dessert, etc.

'''Hotchkiss''' 
A light [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotchkiss_gun cannon or howitzer] (42 mm) packed on two mules, or a rapid-fire 37 mm cannon. Both were in service at the time of the action, but after some 30 years on the market neither was a novelty.

'''I.W.W.''' 
The Industrial Workers of the World, known popularly as The Wobblies. Their slogan was "One Big Union". The organization still exists [http://www.iww.org/]; it is currently (2007) organizing Starbucks baristas, among many other projects. Significantly, The IWW was founded in Chicago in June 1905 at a convention of two hundred socialists, anarchists, and radical trade unionists from all over the United States (mainly the Western Federation of Miners) who were opposed to the policies of the American Federation of Labor. The "Wobbly Shop" refers to the grass-roots democracy methods for running industry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World].

==Page 934==

'''A legacy, one finds, of these ancient all-male structures''' 
A complaint about womens' roles in the Civil Rights and Peace movements of the 1960s, one factor that led to the emergence at that time of the modern feminist movement. 
One woman participant in the 1968 Columbia student strike explained: "The men made revolution and the women made coffee."

[[image:cayman_ball.jpg|thumb|100px|Brambled golf balls|right]]'''ancient brambled guttie''' 
A "guttie" golf ball has a solid gutta-percha core [ [[ATD_397-428#Page 403|See page 403 annotation]] ]; gutta-percha cores were invented in 1848. Modern golf balls have cores of titanium compounds, hybrid materials, softer shells and a more pressurized core. "Brambled" golf balls have hemispherical bumps molded into the surface to improve aerodynamics when the ball spins, the exact opposite of dimples which is what the surface of modern golf balls has. A brambled golf ball (sometimes called a Cayman ball) is specifically designed to fly true, but short. It is used on particularly short golf courses where space is at a premium. The brambles help it fly a trajectory that a normal golf ball would so that hooks and slices, fades and draws are possible.

==Page 935==

'''transform''' 
A mathematical operation that "maps" a relation from one domain to another.

Here, "Belgian Congo" maps to "Balkan Penninsula". By 1912, everyone at Yz-le-Bans would be familiar with Conrad's ''Heart of Darkness'', if not with other descriptions of the atrocities of exploitation of indigenous people in Congo. The conversation here and to follow describes the dawning realization of the imperialist exploitation of Eastern Europe by European powers. (Zora Neale Hurston famously commented that Hitler did in Europe what Europeans had been doing in Africa for a century). It begins with railroads and "other straight line" constructions.

'''common in dreams''' 
Such as Frank's and Reef's. And/or, dreams require interpretation.

'''"The rail lines come into it as well, it's all like reading ancient Tibetan or something..."''' 
The role of railroads in rationalizing the magic out of the world and exploiting it have been made clear repeatedly, and their extension to all corners of Asia is exemplified by Kit's and Frank's journeys. We know the strange seal on the AtD cover reads "Tibetan Chamber of Commerce". As Pynchon was writing AtD, China was completing its railroad to Tibet, now open.

'''self-inflicted Anarchist bomb casualties''' 
In current chapter's context, possibly another 1960's reference, this time to the Greenwich Village (NY) townhouse explosion caused by a Weather Underground bomb manufacturing operation.

==Page 936==

'''a bold horizontal line''' 
Again, a straight line imposed on natural terrain spells trouble.

'''certain disagreeable events, attributed to 'Germany', are scheduled to occur''' 
This appears to be a map of time, not just of space, and perhaps of alternate historical possibilities.

'''the weight of a tank''' 
Um, battle tank development did not begin until 1915.

'''Coddington lens''' 
A hand lens used for close examination of objects [http://www.eyeantiques.com/MicroscopesAndTelescopes/Coddington%20microscope_brass.htm pic].

==Page 937==

'''instead of real against imaginary values''' 
Suggesting that on this map of time, what is supposedly imaginary is in some way real. Perhaps real in the sense we can learn from it? Real until we reduce the possibilities to a single reality by acting?

'''Katanga''' 
The southern province of Congo.

'''persistent long-standing nightmare''' 
McHugh's scenario for the beginning of the World War.

'''Having failed to learn the lessons of that now mythical time...''' 
That is, of the recently past Bosnian Crisis. Ratty now proposes yet another possible Balkan scenario leading to General European War.

==Page 938==

'''Cæsars''' 
Both the German Kaiser and the Russian Tsar took their titles from the name Cæsar.

'''''zadruga''''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: ''zadruga'']].

'''pestilent forms''' 
The forms of 20th century totalitarianism were unknown in 1912.
:Yes. But "that would rise up afterward, from the swamp of the ruined Europe."

'''Werfner's ''Interdikt''''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: ''das Interdikt'']].

==Page 939==

'''Phrenology''' 
Nineteenth century pseudoscience that, oddly, was correct in one big idea and incorrect in all the small ones. Neuroscience in the 19th century believed all parts of the brain were totipotent, able to process any kind of information or carry out any mental function. Phrenologists correctly held that different parts of the brain carried out different and specialized functions. (Unfortunately, they also mapped these functions completely fancifully, and linked them to a series of palpable landmarks on the skull, which could be read as a pattern of mental capabilities [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrenology]). Cyprian's quip suggests the modern Gaia hypothesis, which treats the Earth as a total conscious organism, would have to deal with the idea that some parts of the planet are more specialized. Niall Ferguson, in ''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'' (Penguin Press, 2006) more plausibly points out that the early 20th century Balkans fulfills his three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility.

'''relax into his fate''' 
Cyprian again reacting as a Buddhist, following karma.

==Page 940==

'''Lydian''' 
What Sleepcoat refers to is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydian_mode Medieval/Modern Lydian mode] (the white keys of the piano played from F to F). As with the Phrygian mode discussed in the wiki entry on [[ATD_892-918#Page_896|page 896]], there are two Lydian modes, the ancient Greek and the Medieval/Modern, although both modes in ''Against the Day'' refer to the medieval/modern Lydian. The "forbidden note" is the note that makes a tritone (three whole steps above the tonic). In jazz, this is often referred to as a "sharp eleven" (the 11th is the 4th degree of a scale when it is played in a chord that includes a dominant (flatted) seventh). The Beatles' "Blue Jay Way" is in the Lydian mode. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritone Wikipedia on the Tritone].

'''"Exactly--it's this B natural," banging on it two or three times. "Should be flatted. Once it was actually a forbidden note, you know..."..."The interval which our unflatted B makes with F was known to the ancients as 'the devil in the music'..."''' 
On Sept. 9, 2003, it was announced that astronomers using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory found evidence of sound waves (transmitted by the surrounding gas) emitted by a supermassive black hole. In musical terms, the pitch of the sound generated by the black hole translates into the note B flat, 57 octaves lower than middle-C. The vibrations explain why the gas shell surrounding black holes does not cool [http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/09sep_blackholesounds.htm].

So the forbidden note in the Lydian mode, not found, Sleepcoat thinks avoided, in Balkan music, draws attention to a fundamental astrophysical property (a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_spheres Music of the Spheres]). Or to the fact that it "should be flatted", i.e. there is a fundamental half-tone difference in the universe as it is and as it mathematically should be.

'''Orpheus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Orpheus], since the 6th century BC, was considered one of the chief poets and musicians of antiquity, and the inventor or perfector of the lyre.

==Page 941==

'''Jurançon''' 
Town near Pau.

'''Paris Commune''' 
Revolutionary government in Paris for two months in 1871.

'''Bartók and Kodály in Hungary''' 
Béla Bartók (1881-1945) wrote music influenced in part by the Hungarian (Magyar) folk songs he collected after 1905. Zoltán Kodály (1882-1967) incorporated some such music into works such as the "Dances of Marosszék."

'''Canteloube in the Auvergne''' 
Many songs Joseph Canteloube (1879-1957) collected found their way into his "Chants d'Auvergne."

'''Vaughan Williams in England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams Ralph Vaughan Williams] (1872-1958) was one of a small corps of collectors in Britain. A highlight of his output is the "English Folk Song Suite" for military band. His "Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis" is discussed on [[ATD_892-918#Page_896|page 896]].

'''Eugénie Lineff in Russia''' 
Publishing under this French form of her name, Evgeniya Lineva or Linyova (1853/4-1919) brought out collections of Russian and Ukrainian folk songs.

'''Hjalmar Thuren in the Farøe Islands''' 
Danish musicologist Thuren (1873-1912) collected in the Farøes, East Greenland and elsewhere.

==Page 942==

'''a commonwealth of the oppressed''' 
Such a commonwealth might require the kind of transcendence of desire Cyprian is embarked upon.

'''unmapped territory''' 
But they have the Map--they just can't yet read it.

'''utopian dreams...defective forms of time travel''' 
Fiction is an escape into Possibility, alternate histories; clearly a reflexive reference to AtD itself. One way to formulate this is to consider fiction, the Imaginary, another coordinate axis for the universe, like the three dimensions of space and the fourth of time. The imaginary/fictional affects reality, the choices made in the realm of the other four axes, by way of consciousness (thought and desire). Utopian dreaming is a "defective" form in that it is not along a "real" axis of travel, or perhaps because it can only affect choices in the other four axes via defective human consciousness.

'''we make our journies out there in the low light of the future, and return to the bourgeois day and its mass delusion of safety''' 
Thematic. Another interpretation of "against the day"? The idealist anarchist "utopian dream" against the materialist capitalist "bourgeois day."

'''untouched by cause and effect...points were thrown one by one like a magician forcing a card on spectators...''' 
Action collapses Possibility into Actuality in one formulation of the quantum universe; a reprise of Yashmeen's departure from Vienna.

==Page 943==

'''Zagreb''' 
Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_705|page 705: Zagreb]].
Capital of Croatia.

'''Beograd''' 
Usually "Belgrade" in English. Capital of Serbia, later of Yugoslavia.

'''There's ever such a nice panatela right here''' 
Allusion to the famous apocryphal remark attributed to Sigmund Freud: "Sometimes a cigar is only a cigar." Not at all: this time a cigar (a nice panatella) is definitely not a cigar.

'''Craven A''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craven_A Craven A] is a brand of English-style flavor cigarette which is made in both Canada and in Jamaica.

'''massés''' 
A massé shot in billiards involves driving the cue down onto the white ball so that a steep curve or complete reversal of cue ball direction is obtained without the necessity of any rail or object ball being struck.

==Page 944==

'''''machos''''' 
Spanish: he-men.

'''Sofia''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: Sofia]]. Capital of Bulgaria.

'''Tsentralna Gara''' 
Bulgarian: Central (railway) Station.

'''Boulevard Knyaginya Mariya Luiza''' 
Bulgarian: Princess Marie Louise Boulevard. Named for Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma (1870-99), consort of Prince Ferdinand, who became Tsar of Bulgaria after her death.

==Page 945==

'''Arthur Symons''' 
1865-1945, poet and critic who visited Sofia in 1903. And for being sensitive, in 1909 Symons suffered a psychotic breakdown, and published very little new work for a period of more than twenty years.

'''Kind of like Omaha''' 
This gratuitous comment calls for a self-indulgent annotation. I lived in Omaha for 2 years. Reef's assessment is completely accurate. But it might be worth noting that just as the arrival of the railroad seems to have rationalized Sofia, Omaha, also a city developed on a grid system, was the jumping off point for the Union Pacific half of the Transcontinental Railroad project.

'''leva''' 
Plural of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_lev lev], which is divided into 100 stotinki.

'''quo''' 
Punning on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quid_pro_quo quid pro quo].

'''kebabcheta''' 
Bulgarian: rissole (something resembling a meat-filled croquette or breaded cutlet). Two notes: (1) The ''-ta'' at the end is not part of the word but a definite article; (2) present-day spelling is ''kebapche.''

'''banichka''' 
Bulgarian: cheese patty.

'''palachinki''' 
Bulgarian: pancakes.

'''to doss''' 
to sleep

'''Transylvanian . . . ''kanástánc''''' 
In western Bulgaria he thinks he hears a Hungarian "swineherd's dance" from a part of present-day northern Romania, which belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary until 1918, with a large Magyar population (31.6 pct according to the 1910 census). That song really would have done some traveling. (Should it be spelled ''kanásztánc''? - Oh yes. It had a Transylvanian Romanian version, though, called crucea.)

'''antiphonal''' 
Answering responsively, as in [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/antiphony antiphony].

'''Shop dialect''' 
Nothing to do with ateliers. Bulgarian ''shop'' refers to the Sofia district and specifically peasants living there.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 946-975

2007-06-15T18:11:17Z

Cal: /* Page 950 */ Wardenclyffe Tower

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 946==

'''Orpheus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Wikipedia] entry for Orpheus, click on Death of Eurydice when you get there.

'''Young woman, there is money everywhere''' 
Even this spiritual expedition has an accountant.

'''''Interdikt'' line''' 
That horizontal line on the map again.

'''Veliko Târnovo''' 
North central Bulgaria on north side of Stara Planina range. Just for Bulgarian Pynchon uses at least two transliteration systems; where you see the letter ''â'' in this system, another will have ''u.'' Present-day transliteration from Bulgarian uses the letter ''ǔ.'' The sound resembles the U in "bump"; it's represented by Ъ in the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet.

'''''ruchenitsa''''' 
Bulgarian: a folk dance. The ''u'' represents the "uh" sound.

'''St. Tryphon's Day''' 
St. Tryphon or Trypho is the protector of fields. Feast day is Feb. 1 in the Orthodox calendar; at the time of the action the western and eastern calendars had drifted 12 or 13 days apart, throwing the Gregorian (western) date toward mid-February.

==Page 947==

'''Dimyat''' 
Bulgarian wine made from grapes grown near the Black Sea coast.

'''Misket''' 
Muscatel wine.

'''May, I think''' 
1912. The date gets pegged a few pages further on.

'''Kazanlâk''' 
Central Bulgaria, south slope of Stara Planina range, halfway between Plovdiv and Veliko Târnovo.

'''Rozovata Dolina''' 
Bulgarian: rose valley. The Dimitrov Dam (completed in 1955, so not yet in existence at this point in AtD) may have filled part of the valley with a reservoir. Mild confusion: The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Valley%2C_Bulgaria Wikipedia entry] gives the Bulgarian name as ''Rosova dolina.''

'''between the Balkan range and the Sredna Gora''' 
Mountain ranges running east-west across Bulgaria, the Balkan (Stara Planina) to the north. ''Stara Planina'' = Old Range, ''Sredna Gora'' = Central Mountains.

This is, in fact, Eastern Rumelia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Rumelia].

'''''mutri''''' 
Bulgarian, literally: mugs, wry faces.

==Page 948==

'''Petrich''' 
Extreme southwestern Bulgaria, near the Bulgaria/Greece/Macedonia triple point.

'''on Macedonian border''' 
Today's maps reflect another century of boundary fights and negotiations. Petrich is not right on the present border, for example.

'''between Plovdiv and Petrich''' 
Southwest quarter of Bulgaria.

'''the music stopped two years ago''' 
I.e., in 1910.

==Page 949==

'''called out to, by their diminutives''' 
You can make a list of "nicknames" from most any Slavic name. In Russian, for example, ''Aleksandr'' is informally called Alyosha, Sasha, Sashenka, etc. The irregulars are boys from the neighborhood and get addressed as such.

'''crossing ''R. damascena'' with ''R. alba''''' 
Species of roses. The species most used in attar-making is ''Rosa damascena.''

==Page 950==

'''named the baby Ljubica''' 
Serbo-Croatian: violet (the flower). Commemorating Cyprian's toilette at Carnesalve, I suggest; see pages 881 and 891. '''The name is pronounced LYOO-beet-sah.''' In light of the musical theme, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubica_Mari%C4%87 Ljubica Marić], b. 1909, considered to be one of the most original composers to emerge from Yugoslavia, should be noted.

'''toroidal black iron antenna . . . one of those Tesla rigs''' 
I.e., made to transmit or receive energy wirelessly. 
Sounds like another [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardenclyffe_Tower Wardenclyffe Tower]

==Page 951==

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
The Canadian band Rush (see note p. 708, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography]) has a song on the 1981 album ''Moving Pictures'' called ''YYZ'' (Why Yz-les-Bains?). (YYZ is actually the airport code for Toronto, Canada).

'''Mihály Vámos''' 
Hungarian name, but ''vámos'' is also Spanish = go!

'''''Szia, haver''''' 
Hungarian: Hello buddy!

==Page 952==

'''''Zabraneno''''' 
Bulgarian: the forbidden. Same meaning as ''Interdikt.''

'''an attar-factory rep''' 
Attar: a fragrant essential oil or perfume obtained from flowers; attar of roses, a fragrant extract of the petals. And indeed, rose oil is the most important commodity produced in the Rozovata Dolina, with Kazanlak being the trade center for the product.

'''Philippopolis''' 
Philippopolis is now Plovdiv, located 40-50 miles south of the valley. Plovdiv was Philippopolis in 342 B.C., when it was conquered by Philip II of Macedonia and by the 1st century A.D. had undergone 2 more name changes: to Pulpudeva and to Thrimonzium. The name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plovdiv Plovdiv] first appeared around 1369.

That brings up an important point. There's all kinds of evidence in ''AtD'' that Pynchon has appropriated history as he found it in contemporary sources. And it's a good bet that much of the published history came from Britain. Writers today like to use "local" names, but that wasn't so in earlier times. The 1911 ''Brittanica,'' for example, has entry after entry under "Henry" for monarchs who went by Heinrich, Henri, Enrique and so forth. This now-unfashionable conservatism, picked up and repeated in ''AtD,'' means we shouldn't expect to see a reference to Sevastopol'; look instead for Sebastopol. Similarly we'd see Budweis instead of České Budějovice if the subject of brewing arose. And Philippopolis follows the pattern.

'''casemate''' 
In a fortification, an armored room or emplacement for artillery. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casemate Wikipedia]

==Page 953==

'''it's only chlorine . . . you get phosgene''' 
Accurate account of the process then used to produce phosgene. Today an activated carbon catalyst replaces the sunlight.

'''''motoros''''' 
Cyclist, biker, referring here to Mihaly Vamos.

'''light is..the destructive element''' 
Thematic,of course, when non-natural light is created....studies back to
'city illumination'. Cf. Telluride chapter.

'''millions of candles per square inch''' 
Not easily converted to other units of measurement. Since the International Candle was defined as the light output from a specified wax candle, imagine a source emitting as much light as a million candles. Then imagine the sky covered with such sources, one to a square inch. No, it's unimaginably bright—disorienting, blinding, probably scorching.

'''Shipka''' 
A very small village in Bulgaria's Central Balkan Mountains, near a mountain pass of strategic importance, which connects northern Bulgaria to Upper Thrace (East Rumelia). It was the site of a battle between the Russian army and the Ottoman Turks in 1877.

'''''Sok szerencsét''''' 
Hungarian: good luck.

==Page 954==

'''Thrace''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace Thrace] is a region in southeast Europe spreading over southern Bulgaria, northwestern Greece, and European Turkey.

'''Varna''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna Varna] is a major seaport of Bulgaria on the Black Sea Coast. It is the third largest city of the country and a primary tourist destination.

==Page 955==

'''''folie à trois''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folie_%C3%A0_deux ''Folie à deux''] describes delusional behavior displayed by two people; here it's by three. With ''folie à deux'', the crucial point is that the sum is more than the parts: behaviors or actions only occur because of the two people interacting.

'''hebephrenic''' 
Involving delusions, hallucinations, pointless and childish behavior.

'''raptors''' 
birds of prey.

'''Sliven''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliven Sliven] is a town east of Kazanlâk, nearly the geographic center of the country, Bulgaria.

'''the ''Halkata''''' 
Bulgarian ''khalka'': ring. The suffix ''-ta'' is a definite article. An existing formation in Bulgaria [http://noe2002.hit.bg/index1.html pic].

'''Ulitsa Rakovsky''' 
Bulgarian: Rakovsky Street. Georgi Rakovsky (1821-67), Bulgarian freedom fighter.

==Page 956==

'''''krâchma''''' 
Pronounced like CRUTCH-mah. Bulgarian: tavern.

'''Byal Sredets''' 
Cigarettes? Yes, according to the text the monk "took two cigarettes" from the "pack of Byal Sredets." After not too much searching, no cigar(-ettes) but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byala%2C_Varna_Province Byala] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredets Sredets] are towns near Varna, and silly speculation: to a non-Bulgarian English speaker, Byal Sredets, kind of looks like it could sound like "buy all cigarettes," if you pronounce Sredets as sir-e-dets.
Byal is also evocative of beyul, Baikal and bi-locale.
Byal, meaning white sits on the Black Sea. White-black, Manichaen.

'''''Zdrave . . . kakvo ima?''''' 
Bulgarian: Good health . . . what's the matter?

'''Bogomils''' 
Heretical sect in Balkans with doctrinal links to Cathars and Albigensians. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogomilism Bogomilism]

'''''Pavlikeni''''' 
Sources differ on the meaning: (1) Bulgarian Catholics; (2) members of a heretical sect with dualist (Manichean) doctrines influenced by beliefs of the Bogomils. Also known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulicianism Paulicianism].

'''Hebrus River . . . Maritza''' 
The Maritza or Maritsa flows west to east, draining Bulgaria between the Stara Planina (Balkan range) and the Rhodopes, then turns south and west to the Aegean Sea. The port at its mouth, in Greece, is called Evros, a name derived from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrus Hebrus].

==Page 957==

'''Manichæans''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_429-459#Page_437 page 437] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M the index at M].

'''Pythagorean ''akousmata''''' 
"Avoid beans." [[A|See explanation in the "A" alphabetical page.]]

'''hegumen''' 
In the Greek Orthodox Church, head of a religious community. (And, silly aside, legumen, in Latin, means bean).

'''Tetractys''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_219|page 219: Tetractys]].

'''Zalmoxis''' 
This passage could almost have been drawn from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxis Wikipedia entry.]

'''Krâstova Gora''' 
Bulgarian: name of a mountain or range. [http://www.discover-bulgaria.com/Articles.aspx?ProductID=268&CategoryID=0&pg=3&srchString= Krâstova Gora] means "Mountain (or Forest) of the Cross" and is in the Rhodopes. The monk Grigorii, known as “the Rhodopean Paisii”, has named in his sermons the Central Rhodopes as the “Mountain of the Cross” or “Forest of the Cross”. The Russian Paisi is mentioned on [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_892-918#Page_904 page 904].

Is this sentence the orphan of some narrative that's been cut? Disclosure of the baby's sex is on p. 949 and has neither a mountain nor a church in it.

'''narthex''' 
Lobby or portico of a church.

==Page 958==

'''sympathetic spirits who had dug spaces beneath their own precarious dwellings to harbor her for a night or two at a time''' 
Compare the annotations on ''stranniki'' and ''podpol'niki'' [[ATD_644-677#Page_663|(page 663).]]

'''Bernadette o' Lourdes''' 
young woman who is reputed to have seen visions of the Mother of the Divine at Lourdes in France. See Wikipedia.

==Page 959==

'''Oh, there won't be any war''' 
Cyprian's self-discovered religiousness seems to make him overly optimistic--blind--to historical reality.

'''σχημα''' 
In English, ''schema.''

'''Νυξ''' 
In English, ''Nux'' or ''Nyx.'' cf Brides of Night below.

'''Talking, for women, is a form of breathing''' 
Compare p. 501: "a hundred women . . . all silent." Tying Noellyn/Yashmeen to Cyprian?

'''What is it that is born of light?''' 
Cyprian trying to make sense of his epiphany on page 953. 
Phosgene. 
Nicene Creed, "light of light, true God of true God, begotten not made"

==Page 960==

'''Hesychasts''' 
Contemplative hermits in Orthodox Church; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesychasts see Wikipedia entry.]
From the concise Brittanica: Hesychasm
in Eastern Christianity, type of monastic life in which practitioners seek divine quietness (Greek hesychia) through the contemplation of God in uninterrupted prayer. Such prayer, involving the entire human being—soul, mind, and body—is often called “pure,” or “intellectual,” prayer or the Jesus prayer. St. John Climacus, one of the greatest writers of the Hesychast tradition, wrote, “Let the remembrance of Jesus be present with each breath, and then you will know the value of the hesychia.” In the late 13th century, St. Nicephorus the Hesychast produced an even more precise “method of prayer,” advising novices to fix their eyes during prayer on the “middle of the body,” in order to achieve a more total attention, and to “attach the prayer to their breathing.” This practice was violently attacked in the first half of the 14th century by Barlaam the Calabrian, who called the Hesychasts omphalopsychoi, or people having their souls in their navels.

The Hesychast usually experiences the contemplation of God as light, the Uncreated Light of the theology of St Gregory Palamas. The Uncreated Light that the Hesychast experiences is identified with the Holy Spirit. Experiences of the Uncreated Light are allied to the 'acquisition of the Holy Spirit'. Orthodox Tradition warns against seeking ecstasy as an end in itself. Hesychasm is a traditional complex of ascetical practices embedded in the doctrine and practice of the Orthodox Church and intended to purify the member of the Orthodox Church and to make him ready for an encounter with God that comes to him when and if God wants, through God's Grace (note earlier mention of an "anti-Grace"). Very different from attainment of Nirvana.

'''Transfiguration of Christ''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus Transfiguration].

'''''omphalopsychoi''''' 
see above. "Hesychasts condemned as "having their souls in their navel".

'''Shekhinah''' 
The Kabbala calls this Spirit, Shekkinah, which, according to Harold Bloom, refers to the "feminine element in Yahweh." Shekkinah is God's maternal nature, Mother God, who broods over the Earth searching for and gathering the world's orphans and outcasts under her wings. 
The author of Genesis tells us this Spirit hovered over the earth before creation. That which dwells, that which abides.

'''shiny black accoutrements''' 
[[ATD_678-694#Page_678|See the delicious annotation to page 678.]]

'''Cosmas of Jerusalem''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Cosmas See the concise Wikipedia article.]

==Page 961==

'''metempsychosis''' 
Habitation by a soul of a different (or new) body; non-Orthodox concept related to reincarnation.

'''[i]f self-similarity proves to be a built-in property of the universe''' 
As it does seem to be. Example: a map of streams draining the side of a mountain is similar (though on a different scale) to a map of rivers draining half a continent.
:any mountain,any continent? 
:Um, no, it was an inexact statement, wasn't it. ''In a fairly broad sense,'' the way rivers join to form larger and larger streams is mirrored by the way tiny erosion channels join to form larger and larger gullies. Of course there's some continent that doesn't follow the pattern (Antarctica at present a pretty fair instance), and some mountain too (though I don't think of one offhand), but self-similarity is a widely encountered behavior. 
Moon and electron and sleep, death as text examples, are 'universe(al)' analogies.
:That is very much to the point, but self-similarity is stronger than analogy. "As above, so below" covers analogies but also behaviors at different scales that follow from common causes.

'''Brides of Night''' 
A name (used by whom?) of the order Cyprian seeks to join. 
This 'order' seems to be a creation of Pynchon's, an important metaphorical one. In Hesychasism, massive humility is stressed, as is the
linked notion that God is light and can never be known (not even after the Beatific Vision). So, a Bride of Night is a humble 'nun' who is married to the darkness of the Unknown God. 

Cf: p. 959 regarding the Orthodox schema of initiation and nyx. 
This is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_negativa ''Via Negativa''] or Apophathic theology which seeks to describe God by negation, by what cannot be said or ascribed to God. Hesychast Gregory Palamas followed this path as did many Eastern Christian fathers. Before them it can be found in Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hesiod and Plotinus. Indeed the theogony of Nyx given on p.959 is almost directly from Hesiod, where chaos is likened to anarchos. The via negativa is a mainstay of Christian mysticism (The Cloud of Unknowing, Dark Night of the Soul, Meister Eckart); Vedanta (Upanishads) "neti, neti"; Buddhism -- anatta, nirvana; Taoism -- the uncarved block, "the way that can be spoken is not the true way," empty but inexhaustible; and Islam -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi Shurarwardi], who speaks of the pure immaterial light, the luminous darkness.

==Page 962==

'''don't look back . . . or he'll take you below . . . down to America''' 
Orpheus and Eurydice again. And Lot and his wife, from Book 2.

'''And Cyprian was taken behind a great echoless door''' 
Cyprian's final transcendence of desire—which at one point we might have taken as a ''renunciation'' of desire—prompts a review of how desire itself has been presented in ''AtD.'' See text and annotations:
*Harald the Ruthless learns about desire and the forsaking of desire, [[ATD_119-148#Page_127|p. 127]]
*Scarsdale Vibe experiences a kind of desire for Kit, [[ATD_149-170#Page_158|p. 158]]
*Contemplating Yashmeen's neck, Cyprian experiences desire "of rather a specialized sort," [[ATD_489-524#Page_499|p. 499]]
*"Unreflective desire" rules Cyprian's days on the Lagoon, [[ATD_695-723#Page_708|p. 708]]
*Aspects of desire, or rather his responses to it, define Auberon Halfcourt's "two creatures resident within the same life," [[ATD_748-767#Page_759|759]]
*Cyprian first experiences a "release from desire," [[ATD_821-848#Page_839|p. 839]]
*Cyprian displays an "appetite for sexual abasement" with "a religious surrender of the self"; Yashmeen sees salvation in his surrender, [[ATD_864-891#Page_876|pp. 876-77]]
*Cyprian's transcendence of desire will be Yashmeen's reprieve from "political forms" and "utopian dreams," [[ATD_919-945#Page_942|p. 942]]

==Page 963==

'''Plain of Thrace . . . Rhodopes . . . Pirin range''' 
From the convent/castle around Sliven in the Stara Planina or Sredna Gora, south across the Maritsa valley, southwest across the Rhodope mountain range, southwest through the higher Pirins. Close to the present Bulgarian-Greek-Macedonian borders, on a generally southwestward track to the southwest corner of Bulgaria.

'''To move through it would be to struggle against time...''' 
Time and Light are linked by Relativity Theory. According to the equations, as an object approaches the speed of light, time dilates. The speed of light cannot be exceeded; time speeds up to accomodate any such attempt. (Doesn't time slow down? I.e., from the point of view of an observer not on the speeding object, doesn't a clock on the object run slow?) This has nothing directly to do with the ''brightness'' of the light, however; light of whatever intensity travels at the same speed.

'''In mid-October . . . invaded Macedonia''' 
1912, First Balkan War. The text does not mention Montenegro, which was active as well. Insofar as war aims played any role, everybody aimed to get Turkey out of the Balkans, but there was little unity beyond that. 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Balkan_War The First Balkan War] (1912-1913) was fought between the members of the Balkan League—Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro—and the Ottoman Empire. The league was formed under Russian auspices in the spring of 1912 to take Macedonia away from Turkey. Montenegro opened hostilities with Turkey on October 8, 1912 and the other members of the league delcared war on October 18. The Ottoman's army collapsed and disintegrated in first two months' fighting. The war officially ended with the signing in London on May 30, 1913 a peace treaty in which the Ottoman Empire lost almost all of its European territory including all of Macedonia and Albania—Macedonia was divided between Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece; Albania was declared independent.

'''. . . by the twenty-second, fighting between Bulgarians and Turks was heavy around Kumanovo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumanovo Kumanovo] is located in northern Macedonia near present-day border with Serbia, about 15 miles northeast of Skopje, the capital of the country.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo The Battle of Kumanovo] (October 23-24, 1912) was a major battle of the First Balkan War. After the outbreak of hostilities, three Serbian Armies, from left to right the 3rd, 1st and 2nd, advanced southwards towards Skopje. They defeated the Ottoman's 7th and 6th corps at Kumanovo in two day's fighting. The Ottoman's armies retreated 50 miles southwards all the way to Prilep, and the Serbians entered Skopje on October 26 without a fight. 

'''Adrianople''' 
Now called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edirne Edirne]. It is situated at the westernmost part of Turkey, at the present-day Turkish-Greek frontier near the Turkey/Greece/Bulgaria triple point.

'''''mehana''''' 
Mehana is Serbian and Bulgarian for the Turkish word [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehana meyhane].

'''from Philippopolis . . . Adrianople''' 
From Plovdiv southeastward down the Maritsa to Adrianople (now called Edirne).

'''Ivanoff's Second Army''' 
General Nikola Ivanov's Second Army of Bulgaria advanced from Philippopolis southeastwards to Adrianople along the Maritsa river.

==Page 964==

'''west through Strumica and Valandovo . . . the Vardar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumica Strumica] is in the southeast of present-day Macedonia; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valandovo Valandovo] is about 8 miles to the southwest. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardar Vardar], passing by near Valandovo, is the major river of Macedonia, flowing north to south more or less.

'''the Tikveš wine country''' 
A plain in the center of present-day Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikve%C5%A1 Wikipedia]

'''Monastir''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitola Bitola] in southwest Macedonia.

'''becoming a popular, perhaps someday a national, delusion.''' 
That is, if these Turkish provinces can become nations, these horrors can be cleansed to become the national foundation myth. Nations based on ethnic division was in fact the basis for the peace settlements ending World War I.

'''between Veles and Prilep''' 
In central Macedonia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veles_%28city%29 Veles] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prilep Prilep]

==Page 965==

'''by way of Kičevo and Prilep''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Devo Kičevo] is in western present-day Macedonia, Prilep more in the middle. Two Serbian columns?

'''Babuna Pass''' 
North of Prilep.

'''Russian Madsen guns and . . . Montenegrin Rexers''' 
They refer to [http://www.landships.freeservers.com/new_pages/madsen_mg_info.htm Danish Madsen light machine guns].

'''Howitzer''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howitzer Wikipedia entry]

'''"Once they get their line and length," she said''' 
A very good cricket joke by Yashmeen. Effective bowling requires the ball to be directed on the "line" of the stumps defended by the batsman, and not wide on either side. The ball must hit the pitch (the ground) in front of the batsman "on a good length", ie not too short or too full, because such deliveries can be hit more easily. Reef is either very sharp, or played cricket in Colorado.

==Page 966==

'''I Zingari''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: I.Z.]] 
I Zingari (from the Italian for "the gypsies") is an English amateur cricket club which was formed on 4 July 1845, by a very aristocratic parentage. Also known as IZ, I Zingari is a wandering (or nomadic) club, having no home ground. Its club colours are black, red and gold, symbolizing the motto "out of darkness, through fire, into light"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Zingari]. The colors, therefore, are the anarchist Red and Black, plus gold. "Out of darkness, through fire, into light" could be the motto of every seeker in AtD, and certainly applies to Yasmeen at the present moment.

==Page 967==

'''Sarakatsàni''' 
Not a place but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarakatsani a people], Greek-speaking nomadic shepherds across the Southern Balkans well beyond the present-day borders of Greece.

'''Bukovo Pass''' 
??? Here's a [http://outdoors.webshots.com/photo/2110787010065488803qeBkDg map] with the pass and Ohrid.

'''down into Ohrid''' 
Extreme southwest of present-day Macedonia, by Lake Ohrid, a bordering lake shared between Macedonia and Albania.

'''Liman von Sanders''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Liman_von_Sanders Otto Liman von Sanders] (1855-1929), German advisor to Turkish military. In overall command of Turkish victories at the Dardanelles in 1915. Remember the earlier discussion about English and Russian fears of German influences in the Ottoman Empire, especially re the Berlin/ Baghdad railway.

'''But now the Serbs knew they could beat them''' 
A fatal conclusion, contributing to the recklessness of Serbian nationalism, and intransigence in the face of Ausrtrian demands in the wake of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. Serbia suffered terrible reverses in World War I.

==Page 968==

'''Sveti Naum''' 
Macedonian: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Naum St. Naum]. Large monastery on the lakefront south of Ohrid.

'''the defeat at Monastir''' 
The Serbian army decisively defeated the Ottoman army at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bitola Battle of Bitola] (Monastir) November 16-19, 1912.

'''Yanina''' 
Now Ioánnina, in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_%28region%29 Epirus] province of present-day Greece, about 60 miles east of the Corfu island. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannina Ioannina], about 270 miles northwest of Athens, is located in the western Greece 25 miles from the Albanian border.

'''Pogradeci, on the road to Korça''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogradeci Pogradec], Albania, across the lake from Ohrid, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB Korcë], 20 miles south of Pogradeci, southeastern Albania near present-day Greek border.

==Page 969==

'''Erseka''' 
Now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erseka Ersekë], southeastern Albania near the Greek border, 20 miles south of Korca.

'''Gramoz Range . . . Pindus''' 
Grámmos on present-day maps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindus Pindus] range runs mainly north-south in northwestern Greece; the [http://www.gtp.gr/LocPage.asp?Id=60639 Grámmos] range marks the boundary of Greece and Albania (and also the boundary between two Greek provinces, one of them named Macedonia).

'''šarplaninec''' 
Or šarplaninac. Named for the Šar Planina mountain range. It's a largeish working breed. Compare the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0arplaninac Wikipedia article] with the description of Kseniya's temperament.

'''Kseniya''' 
The name (here in Macedonian form; elsewhere Xenia) means "guest, stranger."

==Page 970==

'''''tungjatjeta''''' 
Albanian: hello! Literally: "may you have a long life" 

'''Gras''' 
1874 French rifle.

'''''një rosë vdekuri''''' 
Albanian: "What we call a rose"...Allusion to Juliet's line from Romeo & Juliet: "that what we call a rose/ by any other name would smell as sweet"

'''''Vëlla''''' 
Albanian: brother

'''Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin''' 
The most important of the hereditary codes of conduct that shape the inter-generational behavior of the rural Albanians that make up the overwhelming majority of the Kosovar population. The Kanun of Lek Dukagin probably emerged in the 15th Century but was not even written down until the 19th Century. The foundation of the Kanun is the concept of personal honor and at the center of its laws is the blood feud, a complicated system of vendettas aimed at obtaining satisfaction ''vis a vis'' punishment. There are four major offenses to personal honor under the Kanun:

#calling a man a liar in front of other men;
#insulting his wife;
#taking his weapons; and
#violating his hospitality.

These offenses are not paid for in property or by fines but by the spilling of blood or by a magnanimous pardon.

From [http://www.d-n-i.net/fcs/comments/c339.htm Balkan Primer (X) - Blood Feuds, Kanuns, and American Policy]

==Page 971==

'''rakia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakia Rakia] is a hard liquor similar to brandy.

'''''Gëzuar!''''' 
Albanian: Cheers!

'''Tosk''' 
Principal [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian southern dialect] of Albanian, basis of the literary language.

'''Përmeti''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrmet Përmet] on present-day maps, 20 miles southwest of Erseke.

'''Gjirokastra''' 
Argyrokastron on old maps, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr Gjirokastër] on new ones, 20 miles soutwest of Permeti near the south end of Albania; about 15 miles from the Adriatic coast.

'''Vjosa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjosa Vijosë] on present-day maps. The Vijose river flows through Permeti northwestwards to the Adriatic Sea.

==Page 972==

'''There was a cease-fire in effect now among all parties except for Greece, still trying to take Yanina''' 
In less than two months since the First Balkan War started on October 8, 1912 the Ottoman's army was totally defeated losing Salonica, Albania, Epirus, Macedonia and Thrace to its opponents and Adrianople was under siege since November 17. An armistice was signed between Bulgaria (Serbia and Montenegro) and Turkey on December 3. Greece continued the war alone, aiming to capture Ioannina. In the Battle of Bizani, February 20-21, 1913 Greece defeated the last Ottoman army ever to enter Macedonia and Epirus and took Ioannina.

'''Muzina Pass''' 
In Southern Albania it is 572 meters high.It connects Sarande [below] with the Drinos Valley. Wikipedia, German edition.
[[Image:corfu.jpg|thumb|Corfu harbor ca. 1890|right]]
'''Agli Saranta''' 
Present-day maps identify this Albanian Riviera town as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarand%C3%AB Sarandë], located between high mountains and the Ionian Sea facing Greek island of Corfu.

'''Corfu''' 
Western Greek island off the Greek/Albanian coast. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu Corfu],a 40-mile long island, is separated from Albania by straits varying in breadth from 2 to 25 miles. The principal town of the island, located in the east-central side of island facing Greece mainland, is also named ''Corfu''. Mt Pantokrator, a 3000-ft mountain in north-eastern Corfu, is the highest on the island—at its summit the whole island as well as Albania can be seen. Corfu island's turbulent history is full of battles and conquests; for example, between 1386 to 1797 it was under Venetian protection, in 1800s under French and the British from 1815, and it unified with Greece only as late as 1864. The 1981 James Bond movie ''For Your Eyes Only'' was filmed in Corfu.

'''Pantokratoras''' 
South of Mouzaki, Greece. Famous for Byzantine icon screens.
:Mouzaki and [http://www.zanteguru.com/places/pantokratoras.html Pantokratoras] are villages in Zante island, the last large Ionian Island down the Greek coast 80 miles south from Corfu island. The fishing boat traveling from Sarande to Corfu will not detour to Zante island first. 
Pantokratoras here refers to Mt Pantokrator (see ''Corfu'' above), a mountain in the northeast part of Corfu island, any boat traveling from Albanian town to the town of Corfu has to pass it.

'''St. Spiridion''' 
[http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/SaintsAlive/id648.htm St. Spiridion]

'''XI''' 
Eleven: a cricket team.

'''Lefkas''' 
Or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefkas Levkás], Leucas or Lefkada, the next sizable Ionian Island down the Greek coast from Corfu. Corinth and Lefkás were allies in the Peloponnesian War. Lefkás later was the capital of the Acarnanian League (3d cent. B.C.). The island was captured (1697) from the Ottoman Turks by Venice, which held it until 1797. There are ruins of Cyclopean walls and a temple to Apollo Leukates. Sappho is said, probably falsely, to have committed suicide by plunging into the sea from a cliff of the island. Lefkás is also known as Santa Maura. Columbia Encyclopedia.

'''demotic''' 
[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/demotic demotic]

==Page 973==

'''hot-pepper salamis''' 
are often paired with fragrant bunches of oregano. The hot pepper is present in salamis as well. They are big and red or as in the typical soppressata version, have a squashed shape due to their ageing under weights.

'''the Compassionate''' 
Yashmeen, Auberon and "the Compassionate" have come together before. On page 749 she wrote to him of her dream:
:We ascended, or rather, we were taken aloft, as if in mechanical rapture, to a great skyborne town and a small band of serious young people, dedicated to resisting death and tyranny, whom I understood at once to be the Compassionate.

Speculation: The Chums of Chance = The Compassionate = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes (Furies)?

'''the Esplanade''' 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli02.html#11 The Esplanade] is famed as "the largest square in the Balkans". Beginning in 1576 for 12 years, the houses huddled around the gate of a fortress was being demolished to allow the defenders a better view over the area leaving a great space which the French later planted with trees and today forms the Espalnde Square.

'''fiacre''' 
A small hackney carriage. [French, after the Hôtel de Saint Fiacre in Paris.]

'''Durazzo''' 
Now Durrës, Albania, nearest coastal city to the capital, Tiranë. It will be more than 100 miles north of Corfu.

'''casus belli''' 
An occasion or cause for war.

'''ouzo''' 
a colorless anise-flavored Greek liqueur. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouzo Wikipedia]

==Page 974==

'''Volodya''' 
Diminutive form of ''Vladimir.'' Not Colonel Prokladka.

'''a transaction in jade''' 
Bought/got jade low, sold high. 
You have to wonder if Aubrey didn't make his profit on a stolen gem, [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|such as an idol's eye.]]

'''one of those turns''' 
. . . And aren't there a lot of them through here.

==Page 975==

'''Garitsa''' 
Latitude 39.6139 Longitude 19.9197 Altitude (feet) 3
Lat (DMS) 39° 36' 50N Long (DMS) 19° 55' 11E Altitude (meters) 0 
[http://www.terrakerkyra.gr/per-poli/en/poli03.html#30 A suburb of Corfu by the Garitsa Bay] with a handsome, tree-lined coastal road with neo-Classical buildings on one side and the Garitsa Bay on the other; and a narrow tree-filled park where local taverns and grillrooms set out their tables under the trees.

'''Leadville Fan-Tan''' 
A card game, played no doubt in the gambling halls of Leadville, Colorado. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan#The_Card_Game_Fantan Wikipedia entry].

'''leptas''' 
Bastard plural of ''lepton'' (Greek = a low-denomination coin). Plural in Greek is ''lepta.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_lepton Wikipedia]

'''tsingarelli''' 
???

'''polenta''' 
Originally Italian; dish similar to cornmeal mush. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenta Wikipedia]

'''yaprakia''' 
Stuffed grape leaves (similar to dolmathes). [http://www.greek-recipe.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article169 recipe and pic]

'''stoufado''' 
Possibly an alternative spelling of ''stifado'' (Greek = beef and onion stew)? Apparently it is an Italian spelling, as stoufado appears on this [http://www.pietroizzo.com/contacts/pi_7/2004/2004_23.html page] (which is written in Italian) in the sentence starting with "La cucina greca" (Greek cuisine).

'''Mavrodaphne''' 
Red fortified wine made in the Achaia region of Greece. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavrodaphne Wikipedia]

'''Hrisoula''' 
The cat bears the name of King Yrjö's wife (GR 119).

'''''rembetika''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rembetika Rembetika]: the songs of the Greek underground, sung by the so-called rebetes (Greek: ρεμπέτης). Rebetes were unconventional people who lived outside the social order. They first appeared after the Greek War of Independence of 1821.

'''''karsilamas''''' 
[http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/dances/karsilam.htm a traditional Greek dance]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 892-918

2007-06-15T08:40:24Z

Cal: /* Page 898 */Wogs Begin at Wigan

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 892==

'''Bodeo-packing''' 
The Bodeo was the Italian [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_pistol service pistol].

'''''coglioni''''' 
Coglione is Italian for testicle, literally. However, the word is also used figuratively, with the connotation of a foolishly annoying person, which the British might translate as "twit". I guess in American English you would translate it as ''dork''.

'''Bloomsbury''' 
Fashionable London district including the British Museum and University College London.

'''west of Regents Park''' 
The huge park is in northern central London. To the west are Lisson, Paddington, Westbourne Green, Kensal Town and other districts.

Parts of ''The Princess Casamassima'' are set in Lisson Grove.

==Page 893==

'''taximeter cab''' 
The taximeter is the device (mechanical in this context) that calculates passenger fares based on a combination of distance travelled and/or waiting time. It is the shortened form of this word that gives the "taxi" its name. The modern taximeter was invented by German Wilhelm Bruhn in 1891, and the Daimler Victoria, the world's first meter-equipped (and gasoline-powered) taxicab, was built by Gottlieb Daimler in 1897.
Taximeters were originally mechanical and mounted outside the cab, above the driver's side front wheel. Meters were soon relocated inside the taxi, and in the 1980s electronic meters were introduced, doing away with the once-familiar ticking sound of the meter's timing mechanism.

'''Fedora''' 
Capitalized because at the time it was recognized as a proper name: from Sardou's play ''Fédora.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fedora_(hat) Description, picture and history on Wikipedia.] Another hat named after a play (because someone in the play wore such a hat) - the other being [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_171-198#Page_185 Trilby].

'''Lampo''' 
Italian-made pistol.

'''Peckham Rye''' 
District in southeast London.

Perhaps of significance, perhaps not: site of Muriel Sparks' 1960 novel ''The Ballad of Peckham Rye'', in which one character, around whom the action revolves, may or may not be teh Devil, but who is certainly disruptive of normal middle class values.

Perhaps more pertinently where William Blake first had a vision of angels in 1767.

'''Henry Newbolt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Newbolt Sir Henry Newbolt] (1862-1938) was an English author and poet.

'''"Vitaï Lampada"''' 
Dally noting passages from [[Vitai Lampada|the Newbolt poem]] quoted by Cyprian on [[ATD_792-820#Page_813|page 813]] and by Dr. De Bottle on [[ATD_219-242#Page_236|page 236.]]

'''pietà''' 
Works so titled commonly show Mary, the mother of Jesus, with his body after its removal from the cross.

==Page 894==

'''predators' wings''' 
Western art mostly depicts angels with the wings of prey species, namely doves.

'''Angel of Death''' 
This angel appears in ''V.'' and ''GR'' too.

'''Katie bar the door''' 
Slang expression dating from the late 1800's meaning, Look out! (there's trouble headed this way so close and "lock" the door). For a possible etymology see: [http://www.word-detective.com/111703.html]

'''Pegamoid traveler's satchel''' 
Pegamoid: a fabric coated with [http://www.kwhplast.com/Default.aspx?id=454043 plasticized nitrocellulose;] used for early aircraft fuselages, convertible roofs and wallets. There is a [http://www.londontown.com/LondonStreets/pegamoid_road_6f6.html Pegamoid Road] in the borough of Enfield, London.

== Page 895 ==

'''capitalist temples . . . those of us who do''' 
Is Dally a concrete being or an abstraction? Here she is flipping back and forth. She is very "concrete:" the reference is to a statue which she modeled for.

'''''The Spirit of Bimetallism''''' 
Beautiful title: invented image for a perfectly spiritless policy.

:I'm not so sure how "spiritless" the policy was; many less wealthy folks favored a more inflationary money policy, which bimetallism represented. For a contemporary political cartoon reflecting this, see [http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/0912la.jpg]. -- After the Civil War, there was a decades-long debate about whether the US should keep silver as well as gold coinage, and whether the dollar should be pegged to gold (the "gold standard"). It was an issue important to the Populist Party and was the basis of William Jennings Bryan's "cross of gold" speech. For economic details, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimetallism].

And one that had turned to blood in the Colorado mines.

A bimetallic strip was the moving part in a thermostat. 
Still is, but in context the word refers to a currency system based on both gold and silver.

'''''semeuse''''' 
French: girl sowing seeds.

'''Charlie Sykes''' 
Charles Robinson Sykes was a sculptor who designed the hood ornament for Rolls Royce, called "The Spirit of Ecstasy." See also p. 1074.

==Page 896==

'''Three Choirs Festival''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Choirs_Festival Three Choirs Festival], a British music festival held each August alternately at the cathedrals of Hereford, Gloucester and Worcester and originally featuring their three choirs.

'''Ralph Vaughan Williams''' 
English composer, 1872-1958 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams]. He premiered the [http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/works/v-w/tallisfantasia.html "Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis"] in 1910.

'''cantores and decani''' 
Cantoris (another print error in AtD?) is the side of a church choir occupied by the Cantor. In English churches this is typically the choir stalls on the north side of the chancel, although there are some notable exceptions, such as Durham Cathedral. The opposite side is known as Decani, the side of a church choir occupied by the Dean. In English churches this is typically the choir stalls on the south side of the chancel.

'''Phrygian''' 
The theme is in the "modern" phrygian mode which, if one starts on the "e" note, consists of the notes e-f-g-a-b-c-d-e. You don't have to start on "e," but you must maintain the relationship of the intervals: half-step, whole-step, whole-step, whole-step, half-step, whole-step, whole-step.

'''very slowly Ruperta began to levitate...''' 
Ruperta's levitation, caused or triggered by the Phrygian music she is hearing, has a Pythagorean precedent:

:Pythagoras discovered that the seven modes — or keys — of the Greek system of music had the power to incite or allay the various emotions. It is related that while observing the stars one night he encountered a young man befuddled with strong drink and mad with jealousy who was piling faggots about his mistress' door with the intention of burning the house. The frenzy of the youth was accentuated by a flutist a short distance away who was playing a tune in the stirring Phrygian mode. Pythagoras induced the musician to change his air to the slow, and rhythmic Spondaic mode, whereupon the intoxicated youth immediately became composed and, gathering up his bundles of wood, returned quietly to his own home. From [[Pythagorean Theory of Music and Color]]

However, whereas in the Pythagoras story the Phrygian mode causes the young man to become agitated, in Ruperta's case, the effect is physically and spiritually uplifting. Moreover, Pythagoras' Phrygian mode is the ancient Greek Phrygian mode (d-e-f-g-a-b-c-d, what is called the Dorian mode today) not the "modern" one used by Thomas Tallis and, hence, Vaughn Williams. Also, Spondaic is a rhythmn, not a mode. The new mode Pythagoras asked the flutist to change to was the Hypophrygian (g-a-b-c-d-e-f-g).

'''Somehow, I alone, for every single wrong act of my life, must find a right one to balance it''' 
Ruperta retuns to earth a Buddhist; her first step is to restore karmic balance in her life. If any music in the world could produce such a transformation, it is Vaughan Williams' ''Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis'', heard in an English cathedral's acoustics. This, too, produces alternate histories.
:That is one of the most elegant entries in this whole wiki.

==Page 897==

'''imprimatura''' 
The unfilled white ground of a canvas, painted only with white primer. (It can be other than white, especially in Venetian painting.)

'''immoderate light-space . . . ''Dido Building Carthage''''' 
[http://www.victorianweb.org/painting/turner/paintings/carthage.html 1815 painting in the National Gallery, London.]

==Page 898==

'''West End''' 
Area, centered roughly on Shaftesbury Avenue, where London legitimate theaters concentrate. British equivalent of Broadway.

'''''mitzvah''''' 
Hebrew: good or worthy deed.

'''Wogs Begin at Wigan''' 
Another classy theatrical offering from the producer of "Dagoes with Knives." Does TRP have a low opinion of theater?

'''character juvenile''' 
In a theater company the "juvenile" played a young, eligible man, counterpart to the ingenue. "Character" is almost an antonym for a stock player, having the ability to play many roles without limitation by physical type.

'''vocal range was half an octave''' 
A song as simple as "Home on the Range" calls for a full octave of range. Half an octave is not much more than inflected humming.

'''Shaftesbury Avenue, the Strand, Haymarket, and Kings Way''' 
The rough quadrangle bounded by these streets lies west of the City and includes Covent Garden, the Royal Opera House, the National Portrait Gallery and one entrance to Charing Cross railway station.

'''from Camberwell Green to Notting Hill Gate''' 
Camberwell Green is in southeast London, Notting Hill Gate in the west central part of the area.

'''Scotch eggs''' 
A delicacy Americans often just refuse to believe: a hard-boiled egg enrobed in sausage meat and deep-fried.

'''chip-shop newspaper''' 
The newspaper used to wrap the fish and chips (US: French Fries); very greasy, naturally, but the only paper that may come to hand.

==Page 899==

'''laddered stockings''' 
Britishism; in US parlance, stockings ruined by a run (producing a laddered effect).

'''beauties of photogravuredom''' 
When newspapers used the gravure process, costs dictated they reserve it for pictorial material of special value, often publishing a separate section or even a magazine showing fashionably dressed women.

'''Lalique''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lalique René Lalique] (1860-1945) was one of the world's greatest glass makers and jewellery designers, renowned for his stunning creations of perfume bottles, vases, jewellery, chandeliers, clocks, and automobile hood ornaments.

'''Turkish railway intrigues''' 
Refers to the international machinations among the Powers over the proposed (Berlin to) Baghdad Railway, in fact the Basra railway. Such a rail link would give Germany access to development of a large swath of the Ottoman Empire, and make possible a naval presence in the Persian Gulf, seen by Britain as a threat to routes to India in case of war. Britain and other states also worried, quite rightly, that the German rapprochement with the Ottomans could lead to army connections. From about 1911 German military advisors trained Ottoman officers, and in World War I the Ottoman Empire sided with Germany (which is why Australian troops were sent to die at Gallipoli).

Elsewhere in AtD there are references to the proposed routes for this rail network (routes through East Roumelia, the Orient Express route), which was eventually completed--the last link being put in place under Vichy France in Syria in 1940 [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/boshtml/bos139.htm].

The meaning within AtD of such a network, linking Europe and Asia, widens to potential links to Russian railways, e.g. the Trans-Caucasian Kit rides, and the Trans-Siberian; and via Palestine and Cairo, to Cecil Rhodes' proposed Cape to Cairo Railway. Add the recently completed Channel Tunnel and a recently proposed Bering Strait Tunnel, and there is a potential for a world-spanning network of steel rails, binding everywhere to everywhere--a 19th Century dream come true--and the old routes languish, as in Ostend.

'''From Turkish railway intrigues, Crouchmas had . . .''' 
See pp. 237-239.

==Page 900==

'''Finsbury''' 
North of the City of London and near the suggestively named Shoreditch.

'''Northumberland Avenue''' 
Upscale street near Charing Cross and Scotland Yard.

'''in expensive ''déshabillé''''' 
''Déshabillé'' is French: undressed. I.e., dressed (expensively) but not dressed to go out.
:neglige — a loose dressing gown for women.

'''Oxfordshire''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxfordshire Oxfordshire], where the University of Oxford is located, is a county in the south-central of England.

'''Overlunch''' 
Dally and Lew meet over lunch. Nice.

'''Moon, Sun''' 
Which Dally held in her balance as the Spirit of Bimetallism, P.895.
Silver Moon, Gold Sun.

==Page 901==

'''Vionnet-gowned''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Vionnet Madeleine Vionnet] (June 22, 1876 - 1975) was a French fashion designer. Called the "Queen of the bias cut" and "the architect among dressmakers," Vionnet is best-known today for her elegant Grecian-style dresses and for introducing the bias cut to the fashion world. The bias cut and absence of padding allowed a new freedom of movement.

[[Image:The_Moon_Tarot_XVIII.jpg‎|100px|thumb|Tarot XVIII|right]]
'''the giant crayfish clattered slowly out of the bathing-pool, and the dog began to bay''' 
Lew's vision descibes the imagery on the Moon Tarot Card XVIII 

'''the Dog Star Sirius, which ruled this part of the summer''' 
A sky enigma [[ATD_792-820#Page_796|(see the annotations to page 796 for another)]]. In old beliefs, Sirius "ruled" late summer (the "Dog Days") by lining up with the Sun so that their heats added together. In this season Sirius and the Earth are on opposite sides of the Sun, so that you look toward the Sun and see Sirius near it and behind it; Sirius sets a little time before or after sunset rather than ascending throughout the evening.

I suggest it is worth the effort to seek a way this passage can be technically and thematically right. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 14:44, 28 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 902==

'''playing now in 3/4, too fast to be called a waltz...''' 
Disaster in 3/4 time--see P.809 and note. Once again the pace of movement toward the European Disaster is picking up; here again there is an echo of Ravel's chaotic ''La Valse''.

==Page 903==

'''the King is the Kaiser's uncle''' 
British Queen Victoria's eldest child, Princess Victoria, married Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia in 1857. Their eldest son became Germany's last Kaiser in 1888. When Queen Victoria died in 1901, her eldest son (second child), Prince Albert Edward, became King Edward VII. 
It is interesting to know that through Queen Victoria's daughters, British King, German Kaiser and Russia Tsar were related. Queen Victoria's second daughter (third child), Princess Alice, had a daughter, Alix, who was the wife of Russia's last Tsar, Nicholas II.

'''rapid changes in Turkish politics''' 
The Turkish oscillations between the other Powers, here principally England and Germany, the Berlin to Baghdad Railway being one among the issues at stake.

'''level of 'reality' at which nations, like money in the bank, are merged and indistinguishable''' 
This rather cryptic line will take on more meaning on P.904, where there is reference to alternate historical possibilities (note teh partail quotes areound 'reality'), literally merging England and Germany, victor and vanquished in the First World War. This is also an Anarchist tenet, the equally evil nature of all governments.

'''St.Paul's''' 
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A4187568 St.Paul's Cathedral], London. The current St Paul's Cathedral is the fourth one to occupy its site on Ludgate Hill. Designed by Sir Christopher Wren, it's first stone was laid in 1675 and the final stone was not laid until 1710. The height of St Paul's from the pavement to the top of the cross is 365 feet.

==Page 904==

'''A royal charter . . . illuminating gas''' 
Ernest Augustus (1771-1851) was a younger son of British and Hanoverian King George III. In Britain he had a substantial military career and, as Duke of Cumberland, began to pursue a political one as well. His niece Victoria acceded to the British throne in 1837—the crown passing to her as heiress of an older son of George III—but Hanover's laws said a woman could not serve as monarch there, so the royal dynasty split. Ernest Augustus was named King of Hanover and occupied the throne until his death. He evidently used the name Ernst-August in Hannover.

(Göttingen, by the way, lay in this kingdom. Its university was founded by Ernest Augustus' great-grandfather George II.)

The tunnel in question would link Galloway in Scotland to Ulster in Ireland, burrowing under 20 miles of seabed in waters some 100 fathoms (over 150 m) deep. In 1837-51 it was laughably unfeasible, and indeed it would not become an economic proposition until over a century later. (From most parts of Britain it would be harder to get to Galloway than Ireland anyway.)

So the "charter" mentioned in the text was granted for an impossible project by a monarch who, our history tells us, had no jurisdiction in the countries affected. It is essential to read this bit of text in conjunction with the Grand Cohen's speculations on pages 230-231.

(What is suggested here is that the building houses files from alternate timelines, alternate histories,; or: from alternate Possibilities that collapsed into the certainty of a single timeline).

'''A railroad . . . East Roumelia''' 
As in ''Mason & Dixon,'' another straight line cast across the land.

And part of the proposed German financed Berlin to Baghdad network outflanking Britain's sea routes, through some territory of doubtful and disputed sovereignty.

'''guilloche''' 
Or guilloché, a pattern of interlaced curved lines, most commonly seen on banknotes. These patterns were traditionally used for security printing purposes as a protection against counterfeit and forgery, as well as for decorating valuable objects such as Fabergé eggs and pocket watches. 
Guilloché machines (alternately called geometric lathes, rose machines, engine-turners, and cycloidal engines) were first used for a watch casing dated 1624, and consist of myriad gears and settings that can produce many different patterns.

'''A deed . . . Buckinghamshire . . . east of Wolverton and north of Bletchley''' 
Is it coincidence that this area contains the designed town of Milton Keynes? Bletchley has another resonance: Alan Turing worked during WWII at Bletchley Park, the center for British code-breaking. 
Buckinghamshire is the eastern neighbor of Oxfordshire.

'''Obock''' 
A real French colony in present-day Djibouti; sovereignty is not made clear by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obock Wikipedia entry.] According to the 1911 Britannica (search on Obock and go to history), the French took formal possession of Obock in 1883 and were currently (1911) using it as a coaling station for warships and as a highroad to Abyssinia.

'''Sagallo''' 
A Russian colony near Obock; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagallo another Wikipedia article.]

'''Atchinoff''' 
Or Achinov: adventurer who sought in 1889 to establish the colony of Sagallo.

'''the archimandrite Païsi''' 
Archimandrite: a ranking priest in the Orthodox Church. [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SAC_SAR/SAGALLO.html Païsi] is the (Russian Orthodox) priest who is not named in the Wikipedia article on Sagallo.

==Page 905==

'''caryatid''' 
Architecture: a supporting column sculptured in the form of a draped female figure.

'''lunes''' 
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lune lune] is the surface formed by cutting a sphere with two planes each including the center.

'''nacreous''' 
Having the luster of pearl or mother-of-pearl.

'''bleared''' 
Used figuratively (in this context): obscured (mental or moral perception)

'''Madame Entrevue''' 
Mrs. Interview.

==Page 906==

'''Baz Zaharoff''' 
Mentioned on [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_557-587#Page_557 page 557].

'''Wagon-Lits''' 
A sleeping car on a European railroad train.

'''but it's ''they'' who want to sell ''him'' something''' 
Uh-oh. The device that Umeki took away is coming back.

Oh yes ... and [[ATD_97-118#Page_114|there's more...]]

==Page 907==

'''condition of sin''' 
Possible reference to the (perhaps hopeless) intertwining of spiritual and temporal quests, like the search for Shambhala. The seeking of knowledge seems hopelessly entwined with the seeking of power.

'''Turkish Delight''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_delight Turkish delight] is a confection made from starch and sugar. It is often flavoured with rosewater and lemon, the former giving it a characteristic pale pink color... During his travels to Istanbul, an unknown Briton became very fond of the delicacy... and shipped them to Britain under the name Turkish Delight. It became a major delicacy in Britain. (Wikipedia) 
Also, a memorable part of "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe."

'''"...here I come, Constantinople."''' 
Dally's chapter-ending remark is a reference to the chorus of "Constantinople," a popular recording by The Residents from their 1978 EP [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_Stab%21 Duck Stab!] Like Thomas Pynchon himself, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Residents The Residents] have been famous since the early 70s yet the world knows little of their identity. [http://www.elyrics.net/read/r/residents-lyrics/constantinople-lyrics.html Complete lyrics]

[[User:Jpicco|Jpicco]] 16:46, 13 May 2007 (PDT)

==Page 908==

'''what some were beginning to call Istanbul''' 
[[ATD_821-848#Page_846|See annotation to page 846.]]

'''Cağaloğlu''' 
District in Istanbul somewhat west of Aya Sophia.

'''Byzantine schemes''' 
Wonderful play on words. Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire until the Turkish conquest of 1453; any complex intrigue, said to be typical of the old and very sophisticated Empire, is called "Byzantine" in complexity. Here of course the schemes are both complex and, located in Constantinople, literally Byzantine. A good example of Pynchonian "Temporal Bandwidth"; this is a multicultural, multitemporal joke.

'''Imi and Ernö''' 
Imi is the diminutive for Imre (Emery); Ernő (with double long accent) is the Hungarian equivalent for Ernest.

'''Szeged''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szeged Szeged] is a city in southern border of Hungary, a major center of paprika production.

'''Wagons-Lits''' 
Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits et des Grands Express Européens (the International Sleeping-Car Company and Great European Expresses). Originally, the company deployed sleeping- and dining-cars in Europe, similar to the Pullman company in the US. The company deployed the first sleeping and dining cars for long-distance train travel in Europe. In 1883 the company started with a service to Constantinople called the Orient Express [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_Internationale_des_Wagons-Lits]. The train followed several routes in its storied history ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Express]). Kit and Dally are both on the luxury Wagons-Lits version, running by way of Vienna and Budapest [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Express]. The European sections of the route were as much subject to political machinations as the proposed Ottoman Empire continuations on to Baghdad and beyond.

==Page 909==

'''Zaharoff ''úr''''' 
Hungarian: Mr. Zaharoff.

'''''Fönök''''' 
Hungarian: chief, boss. Also a slangish form of address, showing friendly intentions to a (male) stranger.

==Page 910==

'''''Bocsánat''''' 
Hungarian: pardon!

'''Euphorbia''' 
Quick thinking, but she may not be flattered. The genus ''Euphorbia'' comprises the spurges, large-leafed plants with milky sap. Yes, and perhaps the best known Euphorbia is the poinsettia, euphorbia pulcherrima, which has large red (like Dally's hair) flowers ([http://flowers109.tripod.com/newquotations1.html pic]). (The red flowers combined with its green leaves make it a popular plant around Christmas time). The poinsettia is beautiful and pulcherrima means most beautiful, so she may be flattered.

'''''chef de brigade''''' 
French: crew chief.

'''''kalabriás''''' 
Hungarian: the complicated card game ''klaberjas'' or "klob." Kalábriász is a more common spelling.

'''Porta Orientalis''' 
The Eastern Gate Pass in the Southern Carpathians (Transylvanian Alps), complete with railway tunnel, connecting historical Translyvania with the Danubian Plain in Walachia (southern Romania).

'''Széchenyi-Tér tramline''' 
Széchenyi tér is a central city square in Szeged, where the first tramline (electric streetcar) was inaugurated in 1908. Recall Merle Rideout's work with streetcars.

'''Kiskúnfélegyháza''' 
Town 70 miles southeast of Budapest on the route to Szeged.

==Page 911==

'''the invisible city ahead of him gripping him ever more surely in its field''' 
Istanbul (was Constantinople...) is another city, like Venice, with enormous Temporal Bandwidth. Ancient, multicultural, politically and historically complex, it (its "field"?) grips Kit as Venice gripped Dally. It is, in fact historically connected to Venice (two poles of the medieval Mediterannean) by trade and competition. Venice had a hand in the destruction of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204-5; Venetian
mercenaries were among its last defenders in the Turkish siege of 1453.

'''Galata Tower''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galata_Tower Galata Tower], one of Istanbul's most striking landmarks, is located on the Galata side of the Golden Horn. Genoese traders built it in 1348, with a height of 220 ft the tallest structure when built.

'''Eminönü''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin%C3%B6n%C3%BC Eminönü], a district of Istanbul, is the heart of the walled city of Constantine, the focus of a history of incredible richness and a seaport.

'''the Sultan's threatened counterrevolution''' 
April 1909.

'''Pera Palace''' 
[http://www.allaboutturkey.com/perapalas.htm Pera Palas Hotel] in Galata district of Istanbul was originally founded in 1892 for the specific purpose of hosting passengers arriving on the ''Orient Express''. Room 411 of the hotel is now preserved as "Agatha Christie Room" because it was said Agatha Christie wrote ''Murder on the Orient Express'' in that room.

'''the Committee of Union and Progress''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_of_Union_and_Progress The Committee of Union and Progress] (C.U.P.), an umbrella political organization, was found in 1906 by various underground revolutionary factions with the common goal of disolving the Ottoman Empire. It came to power between 1908 and 1918.

'''''komitadji''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_557|page 557: Balkan ''komitadji'']].

'''Viktor Mulciber''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_557|page 557: Viktor Mulciber]].

==Page 912==

'''drummer''' 
Salesman.

'''air show in Brescia last year''' 
The competition took place in September 1909.

'''pilots like Calderara and Cobianchi''' 
Mario Calderara (1879-1944) and Mario Cobianchi (1881-1944), Italian pioneers of aviation. For an eerie foreshadowing of ''Inconvenience'' and the Campanile, [http://www.earlyaviators.com/ecobianc.htm look at the photo near the middle of this page.]

'''''meyhane''''' 
A Turkish tavern.

'''''politissas''''' 
???

==Page 913==

'''the promise . . . year before last''' 
So the promise and Dally and Kit's goodbye took place in 1908?

'''Grand-Hôtel Tisza''' 
Named for the Tisza River.

'''''újházaspár''''' 
Hungarian: new wedded couple (literally). The formation is perfect but there is no such compound word in common usage; seems to be a calque for "newlyweds"

'''Varosi Színház''' 
Hungarian: ''Municipal Theater''. The correct spelling should be Városi.

'''Béla Blaskó . . . from Lugos''' 
In the same way that a man from Miskolc took the name Miskolci, this successful actor in another life will take a new stage name.

==Page 914==

'''Pityu''' 
Diminutive for István (Stephen).

'''''hálaszlé''''' 
Hungarian: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_soup fisherman soup].

'''Temesvár''' 
In Romanian, Timişoara, in Transylvania, another political football in 19th and early 20th century politics; reinforces the Bela Lugosi reference. - In the strict sense Temesvár/Timişoara does not belong to Transylvania proper but to Banat, a particularly multi-ethnic region between the Danube and the southernmost reaches of the Carpathians. Under Habsburg rule it was a garrison town with mostly German population, and in 1989 it was the birthplace of the Romanian revolution.

'''''The Burgher King''''' 
I.e., middle-class.

Also, of course, a play on the fast food chain, similar to the character Muller Hoch-Leben (MIller High Life) in ''GR''.

Interplay between the aristocracy and the middle (or lower) classes was a central theme in the Austro-Hugarian operetta of the age, with titles like Prince Bob, Baroness Lili, Countess Marica, the Count of Luxemburg, the Princess of Circus, and last but not least, the Queen of Csárdás, a perennial classic.

'''Schleppingsdorff''' 
Comic German name: a shlep from shlepville.

'''Machen wir . . . nichts kaufen''' 
German: Let's go for a window-shopping stroll; / Put on something fiddly (or fancy). / In streets and lanes let's just run— / Stare at everything but don't buy anything.

In addition, the German here is not correct. The second line should read "Überwirf Dir irgendeinen Fummel" or "Wirf Dir einen Fummel über", or something like that.

==Page 915==

'''''molto agitato''''' 
Italian musical direction: highly agitated.

'''''ucca''''' 
Hungarian: street.

'''So super-ficially deep...Good time girl from the K and K''' 
The plot is a mash-up of countless operettas. As far as "good time girls, superficially deep": at this point (1900-1910) the art and literature of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was replete with complicated women in complicated relationships (cf. the paintings of Gustav Klimt, the stories of Robert Musil, Stefan Zweig; not to mention Sigmund Freud's case histories, particularly "Dora"); mistresses and prostitutes did figure heavily as well.

K and K (k.u.k) stands for kaiserlich und königlich, imperial (Austrian) and royal (Hungarian).

The lyrics resemble (maybe by accident, maybe not) one of the all-time operetta hits, "Girls are angels", basically about flirtation and extramarital sex with chorus girls, from ''The Queen of Csárdás'' (see note to The Burgher King on page 914). The song is traditionally performed "wearing a silk hat at a rakish angle", and contains "superficially deep" lines like "here all existence is just an appearance / here everyone is allowed to play a role".

(the passage reads like a very Pynchonian take on the whole tradition, in a way comparable to "The Courier's Tragedy" in "Lot 49".)

==Page 916==

'''up the river''' 
The Tisza.

'''Szolnok''' 
Town east of Budapest.

'''Lake Balaton''' 
Long narrow lake in west central Hungary, with reputedly the finest beaches in Central Europe. Popular holiday resorts.

'''Pragerhof''' 
Pragersko in present-day Slovenia.

'''Venezia''' 
Venice.

'''Siófok''' 
Town on the southern shore of Lake Balaton.

==Page 917==

'''gaff-riggers''' 
A gaff-rigger is a boat or ship with gaff-rigged sails. Gaff-rigged denotes a fore-and-aft sail bent to a mast, to a boom at the lower edge, and to a gaff (inclined spar) extending from the mast at the top.

'''''fogások''''' 
Hungarian: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zander zanders] synonymous with (''[http://www.caspianenvironment.org/biodb/eng/fishes/Stizostedion%20lucioperca/main.htm Lucioperca lucioperca]'' or ''sandra''). The correct spelling is ''fogasok'', without an accent.

==Page 918==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

T

2007-06-15T08:18:48Z

Cal:

'''Tabor, Horace Austin Warner ("Haw")''' 
274; Became mayor of Leadville in 1878, the year of the Colorado Silver Boom, in which he made his fortune. Owned the Matchless silver mine, which, after his death in 1899, his widow, [http://www.babydoe.org/babydoe.htm Elizabeth "Baby Doe" Tabor] maintained for 36 years. She lived in a shack beside the mine until she froze to death in 1935. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAW_Tabor Wikipedia entry]

'''tableau vivant''' 
344; French for "living picture", a kind of performance [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_vivant], recalls Zoyd's fake-glass-breaking show in Vineland.

[[image:Tait.jpg|thumb|P. G. Tait|right]]'''Tait, Peter Guthrie (P. G.) (1831-1901)''' 
324; Scottish mathematician who helped formulate [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/knot_theory knot theory] (the study of the way a closed curve can be embedded in three dimensional space without intersecting itself. Intuitively, one may "make a knot" by tying a knot in an ordinary piece of string and then fusing together the free ends of the string. Associated with any knot is its knot group which is the fundamental group of the space obtained by removing the knot from the R3 in which it is embedded). He studied at the University of Edinburgh where he studied with [[ATD-M#maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]]. Beginning in 1854, he taught at Queen's College, Belfast. When [[ATD-H#hamilton|Hamilton]] died in 1865, Tait took over the crusade to give quaternions a leading role in mathematical physics. [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Tait.html Biography of P. G. Tait]; [[Tait Discussion|DISCUSSION]]

'''Taklamakan War''' 
444; The Taklamakan (also Taklimakan) is a desert of Central Asia, in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It is known as the largest sand-only desert in the world. Some references fancifully state that Taklamakan means "if you go in, you won't come out"; others state that it means "Desert of Death" or "Place of No Return". "Makan" is a Turkic word meaning "place", of Arabic origin: the word may mean something different if treated as original pre-Islamic native Turkic; It is crossed at its northern and at its southern edge by two branches of the Silk Road; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taklamakan Wikpedia entry]

'''Talking Creatures''' 
Parrot, 385, 387; rabbits, 579; reindeer, 785; dog, 969;

'''Tammanoid''' 
150; creatures, 150; Tammany Hall was the name given to the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in New York City politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammany_Hall Wikipedia entry]

<div id="tancredi"></div>'''Tancredi, Andrea''' 
584; Anarchist in Venice, and painter; the "infernal machine" 586;

Tancredi is a time-traveling character in ''City of Death'', a four-part serial in the British science fiction television series ''Dr. Who'' which involves time travel and bilocation. Tancredi is the sole survivor of the Jagaroth race, an evil people who destroyed themselves in a war some 400 million years ago. Tancredi explains that a few escaped in a dilapidated spacecraft and found Earth in a primeval, lifeless stage of its development. The ship disintegrated upon takeoff and [[Scaroth]] tells of how he was fractured in time, splinters of his being were scattered across time and space, all identical, none complete. Whereas, in ''City of Death'', Tancredi, one of the Scaroff "splinters" living in Renaissance Italy, is plotting to create multiple Mona Lisa's for fraudulent purposes, ''Against the Day'''s Tancredi is fighting art fraud. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Death Read the synopsis of ''City of Death'']; The name "Andrea" ''could'' be a reference to the protagonist Andrea Marsh, a time-traveler in the 1889 novel, ''Timeless Love'' by Judy Hinson ([[Timeless Love|synopsis]]).

'''''tantum dic verbo''''' 
447; typically translated to English as the imperative "only say the word," appears in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgate Vulgate] [http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/vul/mat008.htm Matthew 8] (the Centurion's response to Christ) as well as during the [http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/FuseAction/Text/Index/4/SubIndex/67/ContentIndex/11/Start/9 Liturgy of the Eucharist] (at least in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_liturgy Catholic Liturgy].)

'''Tarahumare Indians''' 
23; Indian tribe of Northern New Mexico, in the Sierra Madres; 388; [[Tarahumare Indians|About the Tarahumare Indians]]; [http://www.native-languages.org/tarahumara.htm more].

'''Tarot''' 
186; 253; Hanged Man (XII), 605-06; "Number XV, The Devil" 686; [http://www.sacred-texts.com/tarot/pkt/index.htm The Waite Tarot Deck with Illustrations by Pamela Colman Smith]

'''Tate, Professor''' 
131; three dimensions

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
655; a stubby cryptid, a rumored animal two to six feet in length, possessing two front legs, while the rest of the body resembles that of a snake. Local folklore says the creature breathes deadly fumes that can kill a person. The creature has been said to exist for hundreds of years in tales of the Alps of Austria, Bavaria and Switzerland; "a snake with paws" 655; speaks, 659; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Wikpedia entry]

'''Tavernier-Gravet slide rules''' 
497; Tavernier-Gravet were preeminent Parisian makers of logarithmic slide rules (an analog computer) in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Originally Lenoir, the firm became Gravet-Lenoir, then Tavernier-Gravet.

'''Tawil Balak''' 
521; bar in Morocco

'''Tears of Job''' 
"sky-pale translucent seeds" 394;

'''Teatro Malibran''' 
355; in Venice

<div id="telluric">'''Telluric Interior'''</div>
planetary axis-long intra-planetary shortcut that the Chums use to travel from the South to the North Pole, 114-118; "a mythical Interior," 128; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium Wikipedia entry for Tellurium.]
Cf. "the Ulterior," 130;

<div id="telluride">'''Telluride'''</div>
89; The Town of Telluride is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat of San Miguel County in the southwestern portion of the State of Colorado in the United States. The town is a former silver mining camp on the San Miguel River in the western San Juan Mountains. The town was named after the chemical element Tellurium, which was never actually found in the mountains of Telluride. Tellurium is a metalloid element that is associated with rich deposits of gold and some silver. An alternate theory for the naming of Telluride is that it is a contraction of "to-hell-you-ride." Telluride's mines were rich in zinc, iron, lead, copper, silver, and, of course, gold; 260; 383; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telluride,_Colorado Wikipedia entry]

'''Ten-Day Miner''' 
302; The terms "ten-day miner," "ten-day man," "ten-dayer" and "ten-day stiff" are common names for the "hobo miner," who worked in a camp only long enough to get a roadstake before setting out for the next camp. Such miners are also commonly referred to as "boomers," "ramblers," and "floaters," and less commonly as "grubstakers." An older designation, dating from the early mining history of the West ... is "Overlander." From "The Folklore, Customs, and Traditions of the Butte Miner" by Wayland D. Hand, ''California Folk Quaterly'', Vol. 5, No.1 (Jan 1946), pp.1-25.

'''Tennyson''' 
535;

'''Terapia''' 
570;

'''Teresa''' 
87; girl Webb fancies on his way to Colorado

'''Terrorism''' 
85; "monsters that Did the Deed" 85; innocent victims, 87; "radius of annihilation" 95;

'''Tesla, Dr. Nikola''' (1856-1943) 
33; 97 - "Tesla logged in his diary on July 3, 1899 that a separate resonance transformer tuned to the same high frequency as a larger high-voltage resonance transformer would transceive energy from the larger coil, acting as a transmitter of wireless energy, which was used to confirm Tesla's patent for radio during later disputes in the courts. These air core high-frequency resonate coils were the predecessors of systems from radio to radar and medical magnetic resonance imaging devices." [http://www.crystalinks.com/tesla.html from this nice Tesla page] - This information was later used to confirm his patent for radio which he received posthumously in 1946, 3 years after his death - [http://www.resonanceresearch.com/nikola-tesla-coils-picture-colorado-1899-labratory.htm from this Tesla page]; Kit Traverse working for, 97; 326; tower, 401; 425; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Wikipedia entry]; [[Tesla's_Death_Ray|Read this article about Tesla's Death Ray and the Tunguska Event...]]

'''Tesseract''' 
633; four-dimensional analog of a cube; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesseract Wikipedia entry]

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
701; "tall and careworn fuctionary" in Vienna; Book:Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons'.

In Henry James' novel ''The Outcry'', there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting ''Duchess of Waterbridge'' by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna, 705; Cyprian Latewood's "field advisor" 705;

'''Theosophy''' 
630; "A formal definition from the Concise Oxford Dictionary describes Theosophy as 'any of various philosophies professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation; esp. a modern movement following Hindu and Buddhist teachings, and seeking universal brotherhood.' Madame Blavatsky's theosophy would, however, not fall under this definiton, as it is non-theistic." -from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosophy Wikipedia entry]

'''They''' 
design the world to have unequal water distribution, 393; 410; 483; 719;

'''Thick Bush''' 
8; town where Chick Counterfly was recognized as the son of "Dick" Counterfly

'''Thiel Detective Service Company''' 
171; a private detective agency formed by George H. Thiel, a former Civil War spy and Pinkerton employee [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiel_Detective_Service_Company Wikipedia entry]

'''Thorn, Ryder''' 
553; "one of the Trespassers" at ukulele workshop; Mr. Ace and "his people" 415; what if they are not benign? 416;

'''Thorvald''' 
453; recurring sentient tornado at Candlebrow;

'''Throyle, Hastings''' 
131; collegial nemesis of T. Blope

'''Thucydides''' 
493; "ancient Greek historian, and the author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BCE. This is widely considered the first work of scientific history, describing the human world as produced by men acting from ordinary motives, without the intervention of the gods." --from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thucydides wikipedia entry]

'''Time''' 
33; 54; 111; colonizing, 131; "at right angles to the flow of," ""possibility of linear time becoming circular," "immunity to Time," 132; "Christian time," 143; "Time itself was disrupted, a thouroughgoing and merciless foreswearing of Time," 148; New Yorkers' belief that "'there would always be time,'" 151; "[i]n a metropolis where Location was often the beginning, end, and entire story in between," 153; "the invasion of Time into a timeless world," 223; "'some disposition to the echoic . . . perhaps built into the nature of Time,'" 227; "Victoria's unbending refusals to consider the passage of Time," "impervious to the passage of Time," "immune to Time," "a flow that Time will never touch," "poles of a temporal flow between England and Hanover," 231; 252; 256; 355; "'d' toime machine,'" 397; the Time Machine described, 402; time travel, 398; First International Conference on Time-Travel, "Mr. H. G. Wells's novel ''The Time Machine''," 407; Nasotemporal Travel, 408; "Chronoclipses, Asimov Transeculars, Tempomorph Q-98s," "the safe harbor in Time," 409; "River of Time," 410; "Time did not so much elapse as grow less relevant," 412; "dismissing altogether the ''existence'' of Time as really too ridiculous to consider," 412; 415; "immersed at Candlebrow in the mysteries of Time," 418; wave functions and, 426; "'flight into the next dimension,'" "our fate, our lord, our destroyer," 427; 428; "travel backward or forward through Time," 438; conference at Candlebrow, "siegecraft of," 452; time machine, 453; bazaar of Time, 454; clock-wise/one-way time, "vulnerable to force of gravity," 457; and ukuleles, 552; time-travel, 577; 602; 612; 616; "future, past, and present <nowiki>[...]</nowiki> all together" 617; 623; 636; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel Wikipedia Time Travel entry]; [[Time in Old Japan|Time in Old Japan]]

[[image:Tintoretto_St-Mark.jpg|thumb|''The Abduction of the Body of St. Mark''|right]]'''Tintoretto (1518-1594)''' 
579; Tintoretto (real name Jacopo Robusti) was one of the greatest painters of the Venetian school and probably the last great painter of the Italian Renaissance; ''Abduction of the Body of St. Mark'', 579; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintoretto Wikipedia entry]

'''Tiny''' 
399; bouncer at Lollipop Lounge;

'''Titian''' 
579; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titian Wikipedia entry]

'''Toadflax, Captain Q. Zane''' 
425; '''Saksaul''' frigate, 434; also the name of an [http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/weedfeeders/toadflax.html invasive plant species]

'''Toilet Travel''' 
422;

'''tommyknocker''' 
391; Tommyknockers are the spirit creatures of the underground. No one knows exactly when or where these tales began. They were present by medieval times in the area that is now Germany and Austria. Germans call them ''Berggeister'' or ''Bergmännlein'', meaning “mountain ghosts” or “little miners.” They watch over the earth’s precious ores and metals. They look like men, but are two feet tall or less. They wear the traditional miner’s outfit. They are believed to be active in gold, silver, and other metal mines. These spirits can be good or bad, helping or hurting miners. [http://www.blm.gov/heritage/HE_Kids/tommy_knock.htm More BLM info on Tommyknockers]

'''tong war''' 
340; in Chinatown in New York City; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong_%28organization%29 Wikipedia entry for Tong]

'''toroidal dispensation''' 
128;

'''Tonio''' 
581; in Venice, hitting on Dally

'''Tovarishchi Slutchainyi''' 
123; Russian counterparts to the Chums of Chance

[[image:topler-influence-machine.jpg|thumb|Töpler Influence Machine|right]]'''Töpler Influence Machine''' 
58; An electric machine consisting of the combination of two materials, which when rubbed together produce static electricity, and of a third material or object which acts as a collector for the charges. August Joseph Ignaz Töpler (1836-1912) was a German physicist known for his experiments in electrostatics. In 1864 he applied Foucault's knife-edge test for telescope mirrors to the analysis of fluid flow and the shock wave. He developed the Toepler machine, an electrostatic influence machine, in 1865 for use in X-ray photography. Improved versions were produced by Wilhelm Holtz, Roger and J. Robert Voss; [[Töpler influence machine]]

'''Toy, Yup''' 
367; "ice-girl" in Denver

'''Trabants''' 
45; German: ''satellite''; The Trabant was an automobile formerly produced by East German auto maker VEB Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau in Zwickau (today in Saxony). It was the most common vehicle in East Germany, and was also exported to other socialist countries. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabant Wikipedia entry]

'''tragedy at Mayerling''' 
681; refers to the double suicide of Crown Prince Rudolf and his mistress at Mayerling in Austria. [[ATD-R#rudolf|See Rudolf, Archduke, Crown Prince of Austria.]]

'''Traverse''' 
Main Entry: tra·verse Pronunciation: 'tra-v&rs also -"v&rs, especially for 6 and 8 also tr&-' or tra-'Function: noun

Etymology: Middle English travers, from Anglo-French travers (as in a travers, de travers across), from Latin transversum (as in in transversum set crosswise), neuter of transversus lying across; senses 5-9 in part from 2traverse -- more at TRANSVERSE

1 : something that crosses or lies across
2 : OBSTACLE, ADVERSITY
3 : a formal denial of a matter of fact alleged by the opposing party in a legal pleading
4 a : a compartment or recess formed by a partition, curtain, or screen b : a gallery or loft providing access from one side to another in a large building
5 : a route or way across or over: as a : a zigzag course of a sailing ship with contrary winds b : a curving or zigzag way up a steep grade c : the course followed in traversing
6 : the act or an instance of traversing : CROSSING
7 : a protective projecting wall or bank of earth in a trench
8 a : a lateral movement (as of the saddle of a lathe carriage); also : a device for imparting such movement b : the lateral movement of a gun about a pivot or on a carriage to change direction of fire
9 : a line surveyed across a plot of ground
From Meriam-Webster online. (should be replaced by OED definitions by anyone with access due to its importance)

'''Traverse family tree''' 
It seems certain that the Traverses of ''Against the Day'' are the progenitors of the Traverses of ''Vineland'', described therein: "These were old, proud and strong union people, surviving in one of the world's worst antinunion environments - spool tenders, zooglers, water bucks and bull punchers [all logging jobs, btw] some had fought in the Everett mill wars, others from the Becker side had personally known [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Hill Joe Hill], and had not mourned, and organized......" [[Traverse Family Tree|More on the Traverse Family Tree...]]

'''Traverse, Cooley''' 
105; Webb's father

'''Traverse, Frank''' 
90; Webb's son; 374; working at Empresas Oustianas, S.A.,376; dreams of a counterpart, 377; 380; shoots Sloat Fresno, 395; in Nochecita, "his own ghost" 461; back in Denver, 465; and Dally, 512; working out of Tampico, Mexico, 637; recurring dream of Webb, 649;

'''Traverse, Jesse''' 
360; son of Reef and Stray (and a character in Vineland); with Willow and Holt, 646; 650;

'''Traverse, Kit''' 
90; Webb's youngest son who goes to Yale; Vectorist, 97; circuit rider, 98; 156; at Vibe Corp., 330; on ''Stupendica'' to Germany, and Dally, 510; to Bruges with Pino and Rocco, 562; attacked by Woevre, 563; dueling Günther, 600-01; in the ''Klapsmühle'', 626-27; meets Reef in Switzerland, 664; seance, 671;

'''Traverse, Lake''' 
90; Webb's daughter; marries Deuce, 266; a virgin bride, child of the storm, 267; fuckmouth whore, 268; and Deuce, 472; Child of the Storm, 487; [[Lake Traverse|DISCUSSION]]

'''Traverse, Mayva''' 
480; conversing with animals

'''Traverse, Reef''' 
89; Webb's first-born son; Stray and Reef (now a card sharp) drifting from town to town, 358-61; dynamiting, 361; in Denver, 367; seen in New Orleans by W.T. Rooney, 646; with Flaco in Austria, 652;

'''Traverse, Webb''' 
76; "sort of mine engineer in Colorado" 76; from South Pennsylvania, 87; [[Traverse Family Tree]]

'''Trespassers''' 
:Down where the ‘Hidden People’ live, inside their private rock dwellings, where humans who visit them can be closed in and never find a way out again. Iceland spar is what hides the Hidden People, makes it possible for them to move through the world that thinks of itself as ‘real,’ provides that all-important ninety-degree twist to their light, so they can exist alongside our own world but not be seen. They and others as well, visitors from elsewhere, of non-human aspect.

:“They have been crossing here, crossing over, between the worlds, for generations. Our ancestors knew them. Looking back over a thousand years, here is a time when their trespassings onto our shores at last converge, as in a vanishing-point, with those of the first Norse visitors.

:“They arrive here in criminal frames of mind, much like those early Norsemen, who were either fleeing retribution for offenses committed back where they came from or seeking new coastlines to pillage. Who in our excess of civilization strike us now as barbaric, incapable of mercy. Compared to these other Trespassers, however, they are the soul of civility.” - p.134

"There's no discovering them unless they choose so." 413; "We are here among you as seekers of refuge from our present—your future—a time of worldwide famine, exhausted fuel supplies, terminal poverty—the end of the capitalistic experiment." 415; time-travellers from The Future, 424;

'''Trilby hat''' 
185; "a soft felt men's hat with a narrow brim and a deeply indented crown. It is traditionally made from rabbit fur felt, but may also be made of other materials such as tweed" -from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilby Wikipedia entry]

'''Trouvé, Gustave''' 
28; developer of airscrew design in 1880s; "Trouvé-screw unit" photographed at Chicago

'''Trumper's''' 
224; Gentleman's barbers. "Established 1875 in Curzon Street, Mayfair, by Mr George Trumper, the business has served the needs of London gentlemen and members of the Royal Court for over 125 years, and has been honoured with the Royal Warrant of Queen Victoria and five subsequent monarchs." [http://www.trumpers.com/ Website]

'''Tsangpo-Brahmaputra''' 
130; The Yarlung Tsangpo/Brahmaputra river drains a large portion of the eastern Himalaya and southern Tibetan plateau as well as the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, one of the most tectonically active areas of the globe.

'''Tsurigane, Miss Umeki''' 
531; "umeki" is Japanese for "plum tree"; "tsurigane" is Japanese for "hanging bell" [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,807497,00.html?promoid=googlep]; female Quaternionist; 560; Umeki and Kit; 974; Umeki and Auberon Halfcourt on Corfu

'''Tubby''' 
161; trained pig

'''Tubsmith, Root''' 
511; mathematician on Stupendica; in Ostend, 535;

'''Tucker, Benjamin''' 
370; wrote of Land League;

'''Tungus Reindeer herders''' 
23;

<div id="tunguska"></div>'''Tunguska Event''' 
145, 782, 792, passim; an explosion that occurred at 60°55′N 101°57′E, near the Podkamennaya (Under Rock) Tunguska River in what is now Evenk Autonomous Okrug, at 7:17 AM on June 30, 1908. The event is sometimes referred to as the great Siberian explosion. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_Event Wikipedia entry]; [[Tesla's_Death_Ray|Read this article about Tesla's Death Ray and the Tunguska Event...]]

'''Turkish Corner''' 
431;

'''Turner, Freddie''' 
52; professor at Harvard. It turns out that there is a present-day academic with the name Fred Turner ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Turner_%28academic%29 Wikipedia entry]
) who used to teach Communication at Harvard's JFK School of Government between 1989-2000, before moving to MIT and Stanford. Interestingly enough, he is the author of a book titled ''From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism''. 

'''Turner, Frederick Jackson (1861-1932)''' 
Unlike Freddie, Frederick Jackson Turner didn't make it to Harvard until 1910. Nonetheless, FJT did deliver his famous [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontier_Thesis "frontier thesis"] in a paper to the American Historical Association on July 12, 1893, during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbian_Exposition Columbian Exposition] and on the site of the present-day Art Institute of Chicago, a scant couple of blocks away from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmer_House Palmer House]. The apocalyptic tone of the Inconvenience's tour of the Chicago stockyards fits well with Turner's claim that the closure of the frontier marks an end of America—or at least the end of a first period of American history—as well as the virtuous individualism, democracy, and freedom of movement that defined that America. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Jackson_Turner Frederick Jackson Turner Wikipedia entry]

'''Turner, Joseph Mallord William (1775-1851)''' 
578; English Romantic landscape painter and watercolourist, whose style can be said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._W._Turner Wikipedia entry]

'''Turnstone, Willis''' 
and Lake Traverse, 262; an appreciative nod to poet and translator [http://web.whittier.edu/barnstone/willis.html Willis Barnstone] whose works include the vast collection of Jewish pseudepigrapha, early Kabbalah, Haggadah, Midrash, Christian Apocrypha and Gnostic scriptures entitled [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0062500309 'The Other Bible']?

'''Twin Vibes, The''' 
102; Foley Walker and Scarsdale Vibe "in matching sport ensembles of a certain canary-and-indigo check"

<div id="twit"></div>'''T.W.I.T.''' 
219; True Worshippers of the Ineffable Tetractys, headquartered in London, north of Hyde Park; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetractys The Tetractys] is a triangular figure consisting of ten points arranged in four rows: one, two, three, and four points in each row. As a mystical symbol, it was very important to the followers of the secret worship of the Pythagoreans; 591; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetractys Wikpedia entry]

T.W.I.T. with the vagina, i.e., the female ''sex'' organ. "T.W.I.T." sounds like no, ''is'' a cross between "clit" and "twat." And, natch, it's headed up by [[ATD 219-242#Page 220|Nookshaft]]. And, let's face it, that tetractys is surely an inverted beaver, yes? (See [[ATD 171-198#Page 183|"Beavers of the Brain"]]). Its male counterpart is [[ATD 397-428#Page 405|Candlebrow U.]], to be encountered down the road apiece (and that ain't no spoiler!). 

Isn't this a stretch? It reads to me as just a pun on "twit" as in, these Brits are twits.

'''Tyburnia''' 
219; "in that ambiguous stretch north of Hyde Park known then as...";

:Tyburnia occupies the ground on the north side of Hyde-park and Kensington-gardens, and stretches from Edgware-road on the east to about Inverness-terrace on the west. This is not, strictly speaking, a fashionable quarter; but it is not absolutely unfashionable, and is a very favourite part with those — lawyers, merchants, and others—who have to reside in town the greater part of the year. It stands high, the cellars of the Tyburnian houses being on a level with the chimneys of Belgravia, and the houses, though without the architectural pretensions of the more recent additions to the latter district, are roomy and comfortable. Rents are high for a moderate-sized house—but much lower in proportion to the accommodation than in either Mayfair or Belgravia NEAREST Railway Station Edgware-road, Praed-street, and Queen’s-road; Omnibus Routes Edgware-road, Praed-st, Bishop-road, and Uxbridge-road. [http://www.victorianlondon.org/districts/dickens-tyburnia.htm Charles Dickens (Jr.), ''Dickens's Dictionary of London'', 1879]

'''''Tzigane''''' 
18; (French: ''gypsy'') Bindelstiffs of the Blue A.C.'s balloon-ship

{{ATD_Alpha_Nav}}

ATD 892-918

2007-06-15T08:13:56Z

Cal: /* Page 907 */ Turkish Delight

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 892==

'''Bodeo-packing''' 
The Bodeo was the Italian [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_pistol service pistol].

'''''coglioni''''' 
Coglione is Italian for testicle, literally. However, the word is also used figuratively, with the connotation of a foolishly annoying person, which the British might translate as "twit". I guess in American English you would translate it as ''dork''.

'''Bloomsbury''' 
Fashionable London district including the British Museum and University College London.

'''west of Regents Park''' 
The huge park is in northern central London. To the west are Lisson, Paddington, Westbourne Green, Kensal Town and other districts.

Parts of ''The Princess Casamassima'' are set in Lisson Grove.

==Page 893==

'''taximeter cab''' 
The taximeter is the device (mechanical in this context) that calculates passenger fares based on a combination of distance travelled and/or waiting time. It is the shortened form of this word that gives the "taxi" its name. The modern taximeter was invented by German Wilhelm Bruhn in 1891, and the Daimler Victoria, the world's first meter-equipped (and gasoline-powered) taxicab, was built by Gottlieb Daimler in 1897.
Taximeters were originally mechanical and mounted outside the cab, above the driver's side front wheel. Meters were soon relocated inside the taxi, and in the 1980s electronic meters were introduced, doing away with the once-familiar ticking sound of the meter's timing mechanism.

'''Fedora''' 
Capitalized because at the time it was recognized as a proper name: from Sardou's play ''Fédora.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fedora_(hat) Description, picture and history on Wikipedia.] Another hat named after a play (because someone in the play wore such a hat) - the other being [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_171-198#Page_185 Trilby].

'''Lampo''' 
Italian-made pistol.

'''Peckham Rye''' 
District in southeast London.

Perhaps of significance, perhaps not: site of Muriel Sparks' 1960 novel ''The Ballad of Peckham Rye'', in which one character, around whom the action revolves, may or may not be teh Devil, but who is certainly disruptive of normal middle class values.

Perhaps more pertinently where William Blake first had a vision of angels in 1767.

'''Henry Newbolt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Newbolt Sir Henry Newbolt] (1862-1938) was an English author and poet.

'''"Vitaï Lampada"''' 
Dally noting passages from [[Vitai Lampada|the Newbolt poem]] quoted by Cyprian on [[ATD_792-820#Page_813|page 813]] and by Dr. De Bottle on [[ATD_219-242#Page_236|page 236.]]

'''pietà''' 
Works so titled commonly show Mary, the mother of Jesus, with his body after its removal from the cross.

==Page 894==

'''predators' wings''' 
Western art mostly depicts angels with the wings of prey species, namely doves.

'''Angel of Death''' 
This angel appears in ''V.'' and ''GR'' too.

'''Katie bar the door''' 
Slang expression dating from the late 1800's meaning, Look out! (there's trouble headed this way so close and "lock" the door). For a possible etymology see: [http://www.word-detective.com/111703.html]

'''Pegamoid traveler's satchel''' 
Pegamoid: a fabric coated with [http://www.kwhplast.com/Default.aspx?id=454043 plasticized nitrocellulose;] used for early aircraft fuselages, convertible roofs and wallets. There is a [http://www.londontown.com/LondonStreets/pegamoid_road_6f6.html Pegamoid Road] in the borough of Enfield, London.

== Page 895 ==

'''capitalist temples . . . those of us who do''' 
Is Dally a concrete being or an abstraction? Here she is flipping back and forth. She is very "concrete:" the reference is to a statue which she modeled for.

'''''The Spirit of Bimetallism''''' 
Beautiful title: invented image for a perfectly spiritless policy.

:I'm not so sure how "spiritless" the policy was; many less wealthy folks favored a more inflationary money policy, which bimetallism represented. For a contemporary political cartoon reflecting this, see [http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/0912la.jpg]. -- After the Civil War, there was a decades-long debate about whether the US should keep silver as well as gold coinage, and whether the dollar should be pegged to gold (the "gold standard"). It was an issue important to the Populist Party and was the basis of William Jennings Bryan's "cross of gold" speech. For economic details, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimetallism].

And one that had turned to blood in the Colorado mines.

A bimetallic strip was the moving part in a thermostat. 
Still is, but in context the word refers to a currency system based on both gold and silver.

'''''semeuse''''' 
French: girl sowing seeds.

'''Charlie Sykes''' 
Charles Robinson Sykes was a sculptor who designed the hood ornament for Rolls Royce, called "The Spirit of Ecstasy." See also p. 1074.

==Page 896==

'''Three Choirs Festival''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Choirs_Festival Three Choirs Festival], a British music festival held each August alternately at the cathedrals of Hereford, Gloucester and Worcester and originally featuring their three choirs.

'''Ralph Vaughan Williams''' 
English composer, 1872-1958 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams]. He premiered the [http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/works/v-w/tallisfantasia.html "Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis"] in 1910.

'''cantores and decani''' 
Cantoris (another print error in AtD?) is the side of a church choir occupied by the Cantor. In English churches this is typically the choir stalls on the north side of the chancel, although there are some notable exceptions, such as Durham Cathedral. The opposite side is known as Decani, the side of a church choir occupied by the Dean. In English churches this is typically the choir stalls on the south side of the chancel.

'''Phrygian''' 
The theme is in the "modern" phrygian mode which, if one starts on the "e" note, consists of the notes e-f-g-a-b-c-d-e. You don't have to start on "e," but you must maintain the relationship of the intervals: half-step, whole-step, whole-step, whole-step, half-step, whole-step, whole-step.

'''very slowly Ruperta began to levitate...''' 
Ruperta's levitation, caused or triggered by the Phrygian music she is hearing, has a Pythagorean precedent:

:Pythagoras discovered that the seven modes — or keys — of the Greek system of music had the power to incite or allay the various emotions. It is related that while observing the stars one night he encountered a young man befuddled with strong drink and mad with jealousy who was piling faggots about his mistress' door with the intention of burning the house. The frenzy of the youth was accentuated by a flutist a short distance away who was playing a tune in the stirring Phrygian mode. Pythagoras induced the musician to change his air to the slow, and rhythmic Spondaic mode, whereupon the intoxicated youth immediately became composed and, gathering up his bundles of wood, returned quietly to his own home. From [[Pythagorean Theory of Music and Color]]

However, whereas in the Pythagoras story the Phrygian mode causes the young man to become agitated, in Ruperta's case, the effect is physically and spiritually uplifting. Moreover, Pythagoras' Phrygian mode is the ancient Greek Phrygian mode (d-e-f-g-a-b-c-d, what is called the Dorian mode today) not the "modern" one used by Thomas Tallis and, hence, Vaughn Williams. Also, Spondaic is a rhythmn, not a mode. The new mode Pythagoras asked the flutist to change to was the Hypophrygian (g-a-b-c-d-e-f-g).

'''Somehow, I alone, for every single wrong act of my life, must find a right one to balance it''' 
Ruperta retuns to earth a Buddhist; her first step is to restore karmic balance in her life. If any music in the world could produce such a transformation, it is Vaughan Williams' ''Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis'', heard in an English cathedral's acoustics. This, too, produces alternate histories.
:That is one of the most elegant entries in this whole wiki.

==Page 897==

'''imprimatura''' 
The unfilled white ground of a canvas, painted only with white primer. (It can be other than white, especially in Venetian painting.)

'''immoderate light-space . . . ''Dido Building Carthage''''' 
[http://www.victorianweb.org/painting/turner/paintings/carthage.html 1815 painting in the National Gallery, London.]

==Page 898==

'''West End''' 
Area, centered roughly on Shaftesbury Avenue, where London legitimate theaters concentrate. British equivalent of Broadway.

'''''mitzvah''''' 
Hebrew: good or worthy deed.

'''character juvenile''' 
In a theater company the "juvenile" played a young, eligible man, counterpart to the ingenue. "Character" is almost an antonym for a stock player, having the ability to play many roles without limitation by physical type.

'''vocal range was half an octave''' 
A song as simple as "Home on the Range" calls for a full octave of range. Half an octave is not much more than inflected humming.

'''Shaftesbury Avenue, the Strand, Haymarket, and Kings Way''' 
The rough quadrangle bounded by these streets lies west of the City and includes Covent Garden, the Royal Opera House, the National Portrait Gallery and one entrance to Charing Cross railway station.

'''from Camberwell Green to Notting Hill Gate''' 
Camberwell Green is in southeast London, Notting Hill Gate in the west central part of the area.

'''Scotch eggs''' 
A delicacy Americans often just refuse to believe: a hard-boiled egg enrobed in sausage meat and deep-fried.

'''chip-shop newspaper''' 
The newspaper used to wrap the fish and chips (US: French Fries); very greasy, naturally, but the only paper that may come to hand.

==Page 899==

'''laddered stockings''' 
Britishism; in US parlance, stockings ruined by a run (producing a laddered effect).

'''beauties of photogravuredom''' 
When newspapers used the gravure process, costs dictated they reserve it for pictorial material of special value, often publishing a separate section or even a magazine showing fashionably dressed women.

'''Lalique''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lalique René Lalique] (1860-1945) was one of the world's greatest glass makers and jewellery designers, renowned for his stunning creations of perfume bottles, vases, jewellery, chandeliers, clocks, and automobile hood ornaments.

'''Turkish railway intrigues''' 
Refers to the international machinations among the Powers over the proposed (Berlin to) Baghdad Railway, in fact the Basra railway. Such a rail link would give Germany access to development of a large swath of the Ottoman Empire, and make possible a naval presence in the Persian Gulf, seen by Britain as a threat to routes to India in case of war. Britain and other states also worried, quite rightly, that the German rapprochement with the Ottomans could lead to army connections. From about 1911 German military advisors trained Ottoman officers, and in World War I the Ottoman Empire sided with Germany (which is why Australian troops were sent to die at Gallipoli).

Elsewhere in AtD there are references to the proposed routes for this rail network (routes through East Roumelia, the Orient Express route), which was eventually completed--the last link being put in place under Vichy France in Syria in 1940 [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/boshtml/bos139.htm].

The meaning within AtD of such a network, linking Europe and Asia, widens to potential links to Russian railways, e.g. the Trans-Caucasian Kit rides, and the Trans-Siberian; and via Palestine and Cairo, to Cecil Rhodes' proposed Cape to Cairo Railway. Add the recently completed Channel Tunnel and a recently proposed Bering Strait Tunnel, and there is a potential for a world-spanning network of steel rails, binding everywhere to everywhere--a 19th Century dream come true--and the old routes languish, as in Ostend.

'''From Turkish railway intrigues, Crouchmas had . . .''' 
See pp. 237-239.

==Page 900==

'''Finsbury''' 
North of the City of London and near the suggestively named Shoreditch.

'''Northumberland Avenue''' 
Upscale street near Charing Cross and Scotland Yard.

'''in expensive ''déshabillé''''' 
''Déshabillé'' is French: undressed. I.e., dressed (expensively) but not dressed to go out.
:neglige — a loose dressing gown for women.

'''Oxfordshire''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxfordshire Oxfordshire], where the University of Oxford is located, is a county in the south-central of England.

'''Overlunch''' 
Dally and Lew meet over lunch. Nice.

'''Moon, Sun''' 
Which Dally held in her balance as the Spirit of Bimetallism, P.895.
Silver Moon, Gold Sun.

==Page 901==

'''Vionnet-gowned''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Vionnet Madeleine Vionnet] (June 22, 1876 - 1975) was a French fashion designer. Called the "Queen of the bias cut" and "the architect among dressmakers," Vionnet is best-known today for her elegant Grecian-style dresses and for introducing the bias cut to the fashion world. The bias cut and absence of padding allowed a new freedom of movement.

[[Image:The_Moon_Tarot_XVIII.jpg‎|100px|thumb|Tarot XVIII|right]]
'''the giant crayfish clattered slowly out of the bathing-pool, and the dog began to bay''' 
Lew's vision descibes the imagery on the Moon Tarot Card XVIII 

'''the Dog Star Sirius, which ruled this part of the summer''' 
A sky enigma [[ATD_792-820#Page_796|(see the annotations to page 796 for another)]]. In old beliefs, Sirius "ruled" late summer (the "Dog Days") by lining up with the Sun so that their heats added together. In this season Sirius and the Earth are on opposite sides of the Sun, so that you look toward the Sun and see Sirius near it and behind it; Sirius sets a little time before or after sunset rather than ascending throughout the evening.

I suggest it is worth the effort to seek a way this passage can be technically and thematically right. --[[User:Volver|Volver]] 14:44, 28 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 902==

'''playing now in 3/4, too fast to be called a waltz...''' 
Disaster in 3/4 time--see P.809 and note. Once again the pace of movement toward the European Disaster is picking up; here again there is an echo of Ravel's chaotic ''La Valse''.

==Page 903==

'''the King is the Kaiser's uncle''' 
British Queen Victoria's eldest child, Princess Victoria, married Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia in 1857. Their eldest son became Germany's last Kaiser in 1888. When Queen Victoria died in 1901, her eldest son (second child), Prince Albert Edward, became King Edward VII. 
It is interesting to know that through Queen Victoria's daughters, British King, German Kaiser and Russia Tsar were related. Queen Victoria's second daughter (third child), Princess Alice, had a daughter, Alix, who was the wife of Russia's last Tsar, Nicholas II.

'''rapid changes in Turkish politics''' 
The Turkish oscillations between the other Powers, here principally England and Germany, the Berlin to Baghdad Railway being one among the issues at stake.

'''level of 'reality' at which nations, like money in the bank, are merged and indistinguishable''' 
This rather cryptic line will take on more meaning on P.904, where there is reference to alternate historical possibilities (note teh partail quotes areound 'reality'), literally merging England and Germany, victor and vanquished in the First World War. This is also an Anarchist tenet, the equally evil nature of all governments.

'''St.Paul's''' 
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A4187568 St.Paul's Cathedral], London. The current St Paul's Cathedral is the fourth one to occupy its site on Ludgate Hill. Designed by Sir Christopher Wren, it's first stone was laid in 1675 and the final stone was not laid until 1710. The height of St Paul's from the pavement to the top of the cross is 365 feet.

==Page 904==

'''A royal charter . . . illuminating gas''' 
Ernest Augustus (1771-1851) was a younger son of British and Hanoverian King George III. In Britain he had a substantial military career and, as Duke of Cumberland, began to pursue a political one as well. His niece Victoria acceded to the British throne in 1837—the crown passing to her as heiress of an older son of George III—but Hanover's laws said a woman could not serve as monarch there, so the royal dynasty split. Ernest Augustus was named King of Hanover and occupied the throne until his death. He evidently used the name Ernst-August in Hannover.

(Göttingen, by the way, lay in this kingdom. Its university was founded by Ernest Augustus' great-grandfather George II.)

The tunnel in question would link Galloway in Scotland to Ulster in Ireland, burrowing under 20 miles of seabed in waters some 100 fathoms (over 150 m) deep. In 1837-51 it was laughably unfeasible, and indeed it would not become an economic proposition until over a century later. (From most parts of Britain it would be harder to get to Galloway than Ireland anyway.)

So the "charter" mentioned in the text was granted for an impossible project by a monarch who, our history tells us, had no jurisdiction in the countries affected. It is essential to read this bit of text in conjunction with the Grand Cohen's speculations on pages 230-231.

(What is suggested here is that the building houses files from alternate timelines, alternate histories,; or: from alternate Possibilities that collapsed into the certainty of a single timeline).

'''A railroad . . . East Roumelia''' 
As in ''Mason & Dixon,'' another straight line cast across the land.

And part of the proposed German financed Berlin to Baghdad network outflanking Britain's sea routes, through some territory of doubtful and disputed sovereignty.

'''guilloche''' 
Or guilloché, a pattern of interlaced curved lines, most commonly seen on banknotes. These patterns were traditionally used for security printing purposes as a protection against counterfeit and forgery, as well as for decorating valuable objects such as Fabergé eggs and pocket watches. 
Guilloché machines (alternately called geometric lathes, rose machines, engine-turners, and cycloidal engines) were first used for a watch casing dated 1624, and consist of myriad gears and settings that can produce many different patterns.

'''A deed . . . Buckinghamshire . . . east of Wolverton and north of Bletchley''' 
Is it coincidence that this area contains the designed town of Milton Keynes? Bletchley has another resonance: Alan Turing worked during WWII at Bletchley Park, the center for British code-breaking. 
Buckinghamshire is the eastern neighbor of Oxfordshire.

'''Obock''' 
A real French colony in present-day Djibouti; sovereignty is not made clear by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obock Wikipedia entry.] According to the 1911 Britannica (search on Obock and go to history), the French took formal possession of Obock in 1883 and were currently (1911) using it as a coaling station for warships and as a highroad to Abyssinia.

'''Sagallo''' 
A Russian colony near Obock; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagallo another Wikipedia article.]

'''Atchinoff''' 
Or Achinov: adventurer who sought in 1889 to establish the colony of Sagallo.

'''the archimandrite Païsi''' 
Archimandrite: a ranking priest in the Orthodox Church. [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SAC_SAR/SAGALLO.html Païsi] is the (Russian Orthodox) priest who is not named in the Wikipedia article on Sagallo.

==Page 905==

'''caryatid''' 
Architecture: a supporting column sculptured in the form of a draped female figure.

'''lunes''' 
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lune lune] is the surface formed by cutting a sphere with two planes each including the center.

'''nacreous''' 
Having the luster of pearl or mother-of-pearl.

'''bleared''' 
Used figuratively (in this context): obscured (mental or moral perception)

'''Madame Entrevue''' 
Mrs. Interview.

==Page 906==

'''Baz Zaharoff''' 
Mentioned on [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_557-587#Page_557 page 557].

'''Wagon-Lits''' 
A sleeping car on a European railroad train.

'''but it's ''they'' who want to sell ''him'' something''' 
Uh-oh. The device that Umeki took away is coming back.

Oh yes ... and [[ATD_97-118#Page_114|there's more...]]

==Page 907==

'''condition of sin''' 
Possible reference to the (perhaps hopeless) intertwining of spiritual and temporal quests, like the search for Shambhala. The seeking of knowledge seems hopelessly entwined with the seeking of power.

'''Turkish Delight''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_delight Turkish delight] is a confection made from starch and sugar. It is often flavoured with rosewater and lemon, the former giving it a characteristic pale pink color... During his travels to Istanbul, an unknown Briton became very fond of the delicacy... and shipped them to Britain under the name Turkish Delight. It became a major delicacy in Britain. (Wikipedia) 
Also, a memorable part of "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe."

'''"...here I come, Constantinople."''' 
Dally's chapter-ending remark is a reference to the chorus of "Constantinople," a popular recording by The Residents from their 1978 EP [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_Stab%21 Duck Stab!] Like Thomas Pynchon himself, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Residents The Residents] have been famous since the early 70s yet the world knows little of their identity. [http://www.elyrics.net/read/r/residents-lyrics/constantinople-lyrics.html Complete lyrics]

[[User:Jpicco|Jpicco]] 16:46, 13 May 2007 (PDT)

==Page 908==

'''what some were beginning to call Istanbul''' 
[[ATD_821-848#Page_846|See annotation to page 846.]]

'''Cağaloğlu''' 
District in Istanbul somewhat west of Aya Sophia.

'''Byzantine schemes''' 
Wonderful play on words. Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire until the Turkish conquest of 1453; any complex intrigue, said to be typical of the old and very sophisticated Empire, is called "Byzantine" in complexity. Here of course the schemes are both complex and, located in Constantinople, literally Byzantine. A good example of Pynchonian "Temporal Bandwidth"; this is a multicultural, multitemporal joke.

'''Imi and Ernö''' 
Imi is the diminutive for Imre (Emery); Ernő (with double long accent) is the Hungarian equivalent for Ernest.

'''Szeged''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szeged Szeged] is a city in southern border of Hungary, a major center of paprika production.

'''Wagons-Lits''' 
Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits et des Grands Express Européens (the International Sleeping-Car Company and Great European Expresses). Originally, the company deployed sleeping- and dining-cars in Europe, similar to the Pullman company in the US. The company deployed the first sleeping and dining cars for long-distance train travel in Europe. In 1883 the company started with a service to Constantinople called the Orient Express [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_Internationale_des_Wagons-Lits]. The train followed several routes in its storied history ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Express]). Kit and Dally are both on the luxury Wagons-Lits version, running by way of Vienna and Budapest [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Express]. The European sections of the route were as much subject to political machinations as the proposed Ottoman Empire continuations on to Baghdad and beyond.

==Page 909==

'''Zaharoff ''úr''''' 
Hungarian: Mr. Zaharoff.

'''''Fönök''''' 
Hungarian: chief, boss. Also a slangish form of address, showing friendly intentions to a (male) stranger.

==Page 910==

'''''Bocsánat''''' 
Hungarian: pardon!

'''Euphorbia''' 
Quick thinking, but she may not be flattered. The genus ''Euphorbia'' comprises the spurges, large-leafed plants with milky sap. Yes, and perhaps the best known Euphorbia is the poinsettia, euphorbia pulcherrima, which has large red (like Dally's hair) flowers ([http://flowers109.tripod.com/newquotations1.html pic]). (The red flowers combined with its green leaves make it a popular plant around Christmas time). The poinsettia is beautiful and pulcherrima means most beautiful, so she may be flattered.

'''''chef de brigade''''' 
French: crew chief.

'''''kalabriás''''' 
Hungarian: the complicated card game ''klaberjas'' or "klob." Kalábriász is a more common spelling.

'''Porta Orientalis''' 
The Eastern Gate Pass in the Southern Carpathians (Transylvanian Alps), complete with railway tunnel, connecting historical Translyvania with the Danubian Plain in Walachia (southern Romania).

'''Széchenyi-Tér tramline''' 
Széchenyi tér is a central city square in Szeged, where the first tramline (electric streetcar) was inaugurated in 1908. Recall Merle Rideout's work with streetcars.

'''Kiskúnfélegyháza''' 
Town 70 miles southeast of Budapest on the route to Szeged.

==Page 911==

'''the invisible city ahead of him gripping him ever more surely in its field''' 
Istanbul (was Constantinople...) is another city, like Venice, with enormous Temporal Bandwidth. Ancient, multicultural, politically and historically complex, it (its "field"?) grips Kit as Venice gripped Dally. It is, in fact historically connected to Venice (two poles of the medieval Mediterannean) by trade and competition. Venice had a hand in the destruction of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204-5; Venetian
mercenaries were among its last defenders in the Turkish siege of 1453.

'''Galata Tower''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galata_Tower Galata Tower], one of Istanbul's most striking landmarks, is located on the Galata side of the Golden Horn. Genoese traders built it in 1348, with a height of 220 ft the tallest structure when built.

'''Eminönü''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin%C3%B6n%C3%BC Eminönü], a district of Istanbul, is the heart of the walled city of Constantine, the focus of a history of incredible richness and a seaport.

'''the Sultan's threatened counterrevolution''' 
April 1909.

'''Pera Palace''' 
[http://www.allaboutturkey.com/perapalas.htm Pera Palas Hotel] in Galata district of Istanbul was originally founded in 1892 for the specific purpose of hosting passengers arriving on the ''Orient Express''. Room 411 of the hotel is now preserved as "Agatha Christie Room" because it was said Agatha Christie wrote ''Murder on the Orient Express'' in that room.

'''the Committee of Union and Progress''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_of_Union_and_Progress The Committee of Union and Progress] (C.U.P.), an umbrella political organization, was found in 1906 by various underground revolutionary factions with the common goal of disolving the Ottoman Empire. It came to power between 1908 and 1918.

'''''komitadji''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_557|page 557: Balkan ''komitadji'']].

'''Viktor Mulciber''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_557|page 557: Viktor Mulciber]].

==Page 912==

'''drummer''' 
Salesman.

'''air show in Brescia last year''' 
The competition took place in September 1909.

'''pilots like Calderara and Cobianchi''' 
Mario Calderara (1879-1944) and Mario Cobianchi (1881-1944), Italian pioneers of aviation. For an eerie foreshadowing of ''Inconvenience'' and the Campanile, [http://www.earlyaviators.com/ecobianc.htm look at the photo near the middle of this page.]

'''''meyhane''''' 
A Turkish tavern.

'''''politissas''''' 
???

==Page 913==

'''the promise . . . year before last''' 
So the promise and Dally and Kit's goodbye took place in 1908?

'''Grand-Hôtel Tisza''' 
Named for the Tisza River.

'''''újházaspár''''' 
Hungarian: new wedded couple (literally). The formation is perfect but there is no such compound word in common usage; seems to be a calque for "newlyweds"

'''Varosi Színház''' 
Hungarian: ''Municipal Theater''. The correct spelling should be Városi.

'''Béla Blaskó . . . from Lugos''' 
In the same way that a man from Miskolc took the name Miskolci, this successful actor in another life will take a new stage name.

==Page 914==

'''Pityu''' 
Diminutive for István (Stephen).

'''''hálaszlé''''' 
Hungarian: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_soup fisherman soup].

'''Temesvár''' 
In Romanian, Timişoara, in Transylvania, another political football in 19th and early 20th century politics; reinforces the Bela Lugosi reference. - In the strict sense Temesvár/Timişoara does not belong to Transylvania proper but to Banat, a particularly multi-ethnic region between the Danube and the southernmost reaches of the Carpathians. Under Habsburg rule it was a garrison town with mostly German population, and in 1989 it was the birthplace of the Romanian revolution.

'''''The Burgher King''''' 
I.e., middle-class.

Also, of course, a play on the fast food chain, similar to the character Muller Hoch-Leben (MIller High Life) in ''GR''.

Interplay between the aristocracy and the middle (or lower) classes was a central theme in the Austro-Hugarian operetta of the age, with titles like Prince Bob, Baroness Lili, Countess Marica, the Count of Luxemburg, the Princess of Circus, and last but not least, the Queen of Csárdás, a perennial classic.

'''Schleppingsdorff''' 
Comic German name: a shlep from shlepville.

'''Machen wir . . . nichts kaufen''' 
German: Let's go for a window-shopping stroll; / Put on something fiddly (or fancy). / In streets and lanes let's just run— / Stare at everything but don't buy anything.

In addition, the German here is not correct. The second line should read "Überwirf Dir irgendeinen Fummel" or "Wirf Dir einen Fummel über", or something like that.

==Page 915==

'''''molto agitato''''' 
Italian musical direction: highly agitated.

'''''ucca''''' 
Hungarian: street.

'''So super-ficially deep...Good time girl from the K and K''' 
The plot is a mash-up of countless operettas. As far as "good time girls, superficially deep": at this point (1900-1910) the art and literature of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was replete with complicated women in complicated relationships (cf. the paintings of Gustav Klimt, the stories of Robert Musil, Stefan Zweig; not to mention Sigmund Freud's case histories, particularly "Dora"); mistresses and prostitutes did figure heavily as well.

K and K (k.u.k) stands for kaiserlich und königlich, imperial (Austrian) and royal (Hungarian).

The lyrics resemble (maybe by accident, maybe not) one of the all-time operetta hits, "Girls are angels", basically about flirtation and extramarital sex with chorus girls, from ''The Queen of Csárdás'' (see note to The Burgher King on page 914). The song is traditionally performed "wearing a silk hat at a rakish angle", and contains "superficially deep" lines like "here all existence is just an appearance / here everyone is allowed to play a role".

(the passage reads like a very Pynchonian take on the whole tradition, in a way comparable to "The Courier's Tragedy" in "Lot 49".)

==Page 916==

'''up the river''' 
The Tisza.

'''Szolnok''' 
Town east of Budapest.

'''Lake Balaton''' 
Long narrow lake in west central Hungary, with reputedly the finest beaches in Central Europe. Popular holiday resorts.

'''Pragerhof''' 
Pragersko in present-day Slovenia.

'''Venezia''' 
Venice.

'''Siófok''' 
Town on the southern shore of Lake Balaton.

==Page 917==

'''gaff-riggers''' 
A gaff-rigger is a boat or ship with gaff-rigged sails. Gaff-rigged denotes a fore-and-aft sail bent to a mast, to a boom at the lower edge, and to a gaff (inclined spar) extending from the mast at the top.

'''''fogások''''' 
Hungarian: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zander zanders] synonymous with (''[http://www.caspianenvironment.org/biodb/eng/fishes/Stizostedion%20lucioperca/main.htm Lucioperca lucioperca]'' or ''sandra''). The correct spelling is ''fogasok'', without an accent.

==Page 918==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 919-945

2007-06-15T08:04:16Z

Cal: /* Page 929 */ the serpents who spoke

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 919==

'''Holy Week''' 
Holy Week is the last week of Lent, the week immediately preceding Easter Sunday.

'''Madero's force at Casas Grandes''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_I._Madero Francisco Madero] (1873-1913) was a Mexico's liberal political leader. He denounced President Porfirio Diaz and headed an armed revolt to overthrow Diaz's idctatorship in November, 1910. In a span of six months, Madero was successful and Diaz was forced to resign and fled to France in exile, while Madero was elected president in November, 1911. In 1913, Madero was overthrown by his own general, Victoriano Huerta, and murdered. 
On March 5, 1911, during the Mexican Revolution, Madero led his forces to attack in Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, but was defeated.

'''the recent battle''' 
Battle of Casas Grandes, March 5, 1911, defeat for Madero's army in the Mexican Revolution; the action of this chapter begins a few days later.

'''''novio''''' 
Spanish: boyfriend.

'''something like a city after dark''' 
Like the White City, which he never saw.

==Page 920==

'''''¿qué tal, amigo?''''' 
Spanish: What's up, my friend?

'''''brujo''''' 
Spanish: wizard.

'''''¿verdad?''''' 
Spanish: don't you?

'''José de la Luz Blanco''' 
Colonel, later general, in Madero's revolutionary forces.

'''''mucho gusto''''' 
Spanish: pleased to meet you.

'''whipcord''' 
A strong worsted or cotton fabric made of hard-twisted yarns with a diagonal cord or rib [http://vintagesewing.info/1920s/23-wmtp/illust/whipcord.jpg pic].

==Page 921==

'''''Adiós, mi guapo''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, my lady's man (handsome dude).

'''''compinche''''' 
Spanish: pal.

'''''copas''''' 
Spanish: glasses, cups.

==Page 922==

'''Krupp mountain gun''' 
[http://www.spanamwar.com/spanishkrupp75.htm Picture and text].

'''laudanum, paregoric''' 
Laudanum is an alcoholic tincture of opium; paregoric, a camphorated tincture of opium.

'''Bloody Shirt''' 
Waving the bloody shirt, as a political tactic, dates back at least 1300 years. The demagogue compels listeners to a desired action by citing a wrong they cannot ignore or forgive.

'''Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
[[ATD 374-396#Page 395|See p.395: Bolsón de Mapimi]]

==Page 923==

'''campesino''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_376 page 376].

'''...the mysterious ruins thought to have been built by refugees fleeing from their mythical homeland of Aztlan up north.''' 
An interesting anacronism here. From [http://www.ccha-assoc.org/Meso-sw04/rationale.html this website], we learn that

:At first, because of its Pueblo-like architecture, Paquime [aka Casas Grandes] had been regarded as a sort of southern extension of the ancient Pueblo world. But Charles Di Peso's excavations in the 1950's raised a "storm of controversy," revealing pyramid platforms mounds, ball-courts, and macaw breeding pens, leading him to conclude that what he had found was a major Mesoamerican "Gateway City," a 14th century urban trading center from whence Mesoamerican prestige items (macaw feathers, marine shells, copper bells) were exported to the American Southwest, bringing "higher" Mesoamerican culture with them.

So it seems that at the time Wren Provenance would have been part of a "semi-official" Harvard dig at [[Casas Grandes]], the original inhabitants wouldn't have been considered to be from Aztlan, unless they are (gasp!) Trespassers/visitors from the future. And on [[#Page 930|page 930]], this is supported.

Also, Pynchon seems to subscribe here to the theory that the actual geographical location of Aztlan was somewhere in what is now the southwestern United States. He refers to Aztlan being "up north" of [[Casas Grandes]]. This theory, held by some, seems to contradict a well-established consensus among scholars that these areas were inhabited by North American Indians who, as opposed to Aztecs, left enough artifacts in these areas to document their existence there, and that Aztlan would have been closer to Central Mexico.

==Page 924==

'''''tetas de muñeca''''' 
Spanish: doll-tits.

'''''pinga de títere''''' 
Spanish: puppet-pecker.

'''Frank found himself in a strange yet familiar City [...] nobody but the most senior Astrologers even being allowed to view the sky.''' 
An amazing sentence, perhaps the longest in the novel (more than a page in length), reminiscent of the opening dream sequence or that evensong service in ''Gravity's Rainbow'' a hallucinogenic cinematic pan. Awesome!

==Page 925==

'''''tlachiqueros''''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: ''tlachiqueros'']].

'''swamp-beaver hides''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutria nutria] (called so in North America, coypu elsewhere) has the nickname [http://www.bugspray.com/article/nutria.html swamp beaver (see line 20)].

'''Hallucinati''' 
Play on ''Illuminati,'' the Illuminated Ones, but the Hallucinati are lit by indigenous cacti and such.

'''''paseo'' time''' 
Spanish: time for strolling.

'''''ristras''''' 
Spanish: strings.

'''pamphlets''' 
These bear some similarity to the infamous [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijuana_bibles "Tijuana Bibles"] of the 20th century.

'''heliographs''' 
The [[ATD_849-863#Page_851|annotation to page 851]] defines the machine used for communication; here "heliograph" is an image produced by the action of sunlight. [http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/wfp/ See this remarkable page titled "The First Photograph."] [http://www.nicephore-niepce.com/ Nicephore Niepce] invented the process which used the very limited sensitivity of bitumen of Judea to light to create an image.

'''city not yet come into being''' 
Like an Aztlan alternate, an Aztlan never conquered by Cortez, developing without European influence beyond 1500 AD--what would such a mesoamerican culture look like?

==Page 926==

'''a little light reading''' 
Note the pun. Frank's reading "pamphlets ... hand-tinted heliographs in luminescent violets" (from [[#Page 925|p. 925]]) Wren hands him "the exact same periodical"

'''trespassers..winged demigods''' 
Notice trespassers, non-capitalized, linked with beasts with wings--and gringos!-- we have seen earlier.

==Page 927==

==Page 928==

'''outside chance of saving his soul''' 
Frank must become aware, by developing a historical sense. Pynchon goes beyond his concept of Temporal Bandwidth (in ''V.''), the ability to experience the history of a place and imagine future consequences, to live simultaneously in past, present and future, to (if we agree Frank's vision took him to an alternate Aztlan) the ability to do so and to envision and in some sense inhabit alternate histories. Frank is a typical American, from a place whose history began yesterday; such an ability would save any American's soul.

'''They were not about to be caught twice''' 
i.e. not like the Mesa Verde people along the McElmo.

'''Mormon settlements''' 
Mormons did settle in the desert southwest, and proselytized among the Pueblos, Navajo and other groups. In 1911, Hopi adherents and traditionalists fought a brief civil war, permanently splitting the group between those remaining at the Mesas and those now settled at Tuba City, AZ.

==Page 929==
'''the cruel country of the invaders, the people with wings, the serpents who spoke, the poisonous lizards who never lost a fight''' 
Are these the Trespassers? This also sounds like the Tatzelwurm. Was the Tatzelwurm a Trespasser?

==Page 930==

'''"The professors she works for return in September to the other side..."''' 
Aha, no wonder these professors "under semi-office Harvard auspices" know about the Casas Grandes/Aztlan connection which arose in the 1950s, but they're digging in the summer of 1911! They're from "the other side" visitors/Trespassers from the future!

==Page 931==

'''profitable weeks''' 
Because they are using Yashmeen's roulette system; see pages 862-3 [[ATD_849-863#Page_863|and annotations.]]

'''Biarritz''' 
Cf [[ATD_864-891#Page_891|page 891: Biarritz]]. 
Coastal city in France, on the shore of the Bay of Biscay.

'''Pau''' 
Inland city in France, east of Biarritz.

'''Yz-les-Bains''' 
Aix-les-Bains, pronounced EKS-lay-ban, is a city in southeastern France. (''Bains'' = baths.) The name Yz, probably pronounced like eece but ''just possibly'' like the letter Y or Wise, may be an allusion to that. But here are a couple of odd things. (1) Although it is too high in the mountains to be "near the foothills," there is a ski resort called Ax-les-Thermes (''Thermes'' = hot springs). And (2) scattered through the French foothills are a number of places whose names are letters of the alphabet: Ercé (R.C.), Port de l'Oo (O.), Les Eaux (O.), St. Béat (B.A.) and the excessively high peak Cembras d'Azè (A.Z., almost). There may be an intricate game of hide-the-spa going on here.

Possibly because: if Aix=X, we have a real X(-les bans) and a YZ(-le-bans); these are the coordinates, x,y,z. It is "carefully hidden", and as described on this and the following pages resembles the ideal Anarchist Collective of our (and Pynchon's) hippie dreams, ca. 1970. If Riemann functions are involved (see [[#Page_937|P. 937 and note]]), Y and Z may be coordinates involving imaginary numbers, fitting for the Edenic commune first referred to on P.372-373: "a place promised them, not by God, which'd be asking too much of the average Anarchist, but by certain hidden geometries of History, which must include, somewhere, at least at a single point, a safe conjugate to all the spill of accursed meridians, passing daily, desolate, one upon the next."

'''''gave''''' 
French: mountain stream, torrent.

'''more ''desperamus'' than ''laudamus''''' 
Latin: more "we despair" than "we praise."

==Page 932==

'''I'm not in disguise...''' 
The hippie dream: turn on, tune in, drop out. But bring your skills. People did, as described here.

'''Sophrosyne Hawkes''' 
''Sophrosyne'' is Greek, used in philosophy: moderation, moral sanity.

'''the old dutch''' 
Rhyming slang: Duchess of Fife = wife.

'''treacle-and-brown-paper arrangement such as burglars use''' 
One of P.G. Wodehouse's stories gives a good summary. You want to break a windowpane without lacerating yourself and waking everybody in the house. Get some treacle (molasses, syrup) and brown wrapping paper. Smear the window with the treacle and stick the paper to it. Rap the paper smartly. The glass fractures but doesn't fall out. (But is this correct or the fantasy of some crime writer?)

==Page 933==

'''plasmon biscuit''' 
Containing milk protein, salts and phosphates, these were/are made as dog rations and as biscuits for babies and adults. Adults use them as a quick snack when hiking, etc. Ernest Shackleton [http://books.google.com/books?id=6uIRAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA116&lpg=RA1-PA116&dq=plasmon+biscuit&source=web&ots=GMffcVzVbV&sig=Sk0KPAc-fb776xo6Hks4Og7rUsU used them (see second full paragraph)] during the British Antarctic Expedition 1907-1909.

'''Holloway''' 
1852 U.K. prison in Islington, North London. Female only inmates since 1902.

'''brooch of honor designed by Sylvia Pankhurst''' 
An honour medal for imprisonment was awarded to Emmeline Pankhurst, founder of the suffragettes, by the Women's Social and Political Union, Pankhurst was arrested in 1908 after she called on supporters to disrupt Parliament. The medal is inscribed with the date of her arrest and Holloway prison, where she was held. (Interestinigly,the medal was recently put up for sale [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20061108/ai_n16826883].

'''Ratty, having tracked rumors and attended to messages...found his way to a secret path...''' 
The way their cheerful menage was founded and how it is structured and worked is reminiscent of the [http://www.findhorn.org/about_us/display_new.php#anchor-beginnings Findhorn Foundation]in Scotland, and [http://www.esalen.org Esalen] in Big Sur, both founded
while Pynchon was finishing V in 1962. For that matter, golf is common to all three places. Esalen co-founder Michael Murphy has written several books on mystical golf, calling the game "western yoga" and a "mystery school for Republicans."

'''John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._E._McTaggart He] is best known today for writing "The Unreality of Time" (published 1908). May I suggest that with a name like that you get ''deja vu'' by the time you finish reading it! 
Or whiplash. 
Such 'doubling' in his name is very Icelandic sparring, metaphorically speaking, of course.

'''senior combination-room''' 
A room for seniors at a college or university where they can enjoy TV, pool, ping pong, conversation, wine, dessert, etc.

'''Hotchkiss''' 
A light [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotchkiss_gun cannon or howitzer] (42 mm) packed on two mules, or a rapid-fire 37 mm cannon. Both were in service at the time of the action, but after some 30 years on the market neither was a novelty.

'''I.W.W.''' 
The Industrial Workers of the World, known popularly as The Wobblies. Their slogan was "One Big Union". The organization still exists [http://www.iww.org/]; it is currently (2007) organizing Starbucks baristas, among many other projects. Significantly, The IWW was founded in Chicago in June 1905 at a convention of two hundred socialists, anarchists, and radical trade unionists from all over the United States (mainly the Western Federation of Miners) who were opposed to the policies of the American Federation of Labor. The "Wobbly Shop" refers to the grass-roots democracy methods for running industry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World].

==Page 934==

'''A legacy, one finds, of these ancient all-male structures''' 
A complaint about womens' roles in the Civil Rights and Peace movements of the 1960s, one factor that led to the emergence at that time of the modern feminist movement. 
One woman participant in the 1968 Columbia student strike explained: "The men made revolution and the women made coffee."

[[image:cayman_ball.jpg|thumb|100px|Brambled golf balls|right]]'''ancient brambled guttie''' 
A "guttie" golf ball has a solid gutta-percha core [ [[ATD_397-428#Page 403|See page 403 annotation]] ]; gutta-percha cores were invented in 1848. Modern golf balls have cores of titanium compounds, hybrid materials, softer shells and a more pressurized core. "Brambled" golf balls have hemispherical bumps molded into the surface to improve aerodynamics when the ball spins, the exact opposite of dimples which is what the surface of modern golf balls has. A brambled golf ball (sometimes called a Cayman ball) is specifically designed to fly true, but short. It is used on particularly short golf courses where space is at a premium. The brambles help it fly a trajectory that a normal golf ball would so that hooks and slices, fades and draws are possible.

==Page 935==

'''transform''' 
A mathematical operation that "maps" a relation from one domain to another.

Here, "Belgian Congo" maps to "Balkan Penninsula". By 1912, everyone at Yz-le-Bans would be familiar with Conrad's ''Heart of Darkness'', if not with other descriptions of the atrocities of exploitation of indigenous people in Congo. The conversation here and to follow describes the dawning realization of the imperialist exploitation of Eastern Europe by European powers. (Zora Neale Hurston famously commented that Hitler did in Europe what Europeans had been doing in Africa for a century). It begins with railroads and "other straight line" constructions.

'''common in dreams''' 
Such as Frank's and Reef's. And/or, dreams require interpretation.

'''"The rail lines come into it as well, it's all like reading ancient Tibetan or something..."''' 
The role of railroads in rationalizing the magic out of the world and exploiting it have been made clear repeatedly, and their extension to all corners of Asia is exemplified by Kit's and Frank's journeys. We know the strange seal on the AtD cover reads "Tibetan Chamber of Commerce". As Pynchon was writing AtD, China was completing its railroad to Tibet, now open.

'''self-inflicted Anarchist bomb casualties''' 
In current chapter's context, possibly another 1960's reference, this time to the Greenwich Village (NY) townhouse explosion caused by a Weather Underground bomb manufacturing operation.

==Page 936==

'''a bold horizontal line''' 
Again, a straight line imposed on natural terrain spells trouble.

'''certain disagreeable events, attributed to 'Germany', are scheduled to occur''' 
This appears to be a map of time, not just of space, and perhaps of alternate historical possibilities.

'''the weight of a tank''' 
Um, battle tank development did not begin until 1915.

'''Coddington lens''' 
A hand lens used for close examination of objects [http://www.eyeantiques.com/MicroscopesAndTelescopes/Coddington%20microscope_brass.htm pic].

==Page 937==

'''instead of real against imaginary values''' 
Suggesting that on this map of time, what is supposedly imaginary is in some way real. Perhaps real in the sense we can learn from it? Real until we reduce the possibilities to a single reality by acting?

'''Katanga''' 
The southern province of Congo.

'''persistent long-standing nightmare''' 
McHugh's scenario for the beginning of the World War.

'''Having failed to learn the lessons of that now mythical time...''' 
That is, of the recently past Bosnian Crisis. Ratty now proposes yet another possible Balkan scenario leading to General European War.

==Page 938==

'''Cæsars''' 
Both the German Kaiser and the Russian Tsar took their titles from the name Cæsar.

'''''zadruga''''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: ''zadruga'']].

'''pestilent forms''' 
The forms of 20th century totalitarianism were unknown in 1912.
:Yes. But "that would rise up afterward, from the swamp of the ruined Europe."

'''Werfner's ''Interdikt''''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: ''das Interdikt'']].

==Page 939==

'''Phrenology''' 
Nineteenth century pseudoscience that, oddly, was correct in one big idea and incorrect in all the small ones. Neuroscience in the 19th century believed all parts of the brain were totipotent, able to process any kind of information or carry out any mental function. Phrenologists correctly held that different parts of the brain carried out different and specialized functions. (Unfortunately, they also mapped these functions completely fancifully, and linked them to a series of palpable landmarks on the skull, which could be read as a pattern of mental capabilities [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrenology]). Cyprian's quip suggests the modern Gaia hypothesis, which treats the Earth as a total conscious organism, would have to deal with the idea that some parts of the planet are more specialized. Niall Ferguson, in ''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'' (Penguin Press, 2006) more plausibly points out that the early 20th century Balkans fulfills his three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility.

'''relax into his fate''' 
Cyprian again reacting as a Buddhist, following karma.

==Page 940==

'''Lydian''' 
What Sleepcoat refers to is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydian_mode Medieval/Modern Lydian mode] (the white keys of the piano played from F to F). As with the Phrygian mode discussed in the wiki entry on [[ATD_892-918#Page_896|page 896]], there are two Lydian modes, the ancient Greek and the Medieval/Modern, although both modes in ''Against the Day'' refer to the medieval/modern Lydian. The "forbidden note" is the note that makes a tritone (three whole steps above the tonic). In jazz, this is often referred to as a "sharp eleven" (the 11th is the 4th degree of a scale when it is played in a chord that includes a dominant (flatted) seventh). The Beatles' "Blue Jay Way" is in the Lydian mode. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritone Wikipedia on the Tritone].

'''"Exactly--it's this B natural," banging on it two or three times. "Should be flatted. Once it was actually a forbidden note, you know..."..."The interval which our unflatted B makes with F was known to the ancients as 'the devil in the music'..."''' 
On Sept. 9, 2003, it was announced that astronomers using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory found evidence of sound waves (transmitted by the surrounding gas) emitted by a supermassive black hole. In musical terms, the pitch of the sound generated by the black hole translates into the note B flat, 57 octaves lower than middle-C. The vibrations explain why the gas shell surrounding black holes does not cool [http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/09sep_blackholesounds.htm].

So the forbidden note in the Lydian mode, not found, Sleepcoat thinks avoided, in Balkan music, draws attention to a fundamental astrophysical property (a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_spheres Music of the Spheres]). Or to the fact that it "should be flatted", i.e. there is a fundamental half-tone difference in the universe as it is and as it mathematically should be.

'''Orpheus''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus Orpheus], since the 6th century BC, was considered one of the chief poets and musicians of antiquity, and the inventor or perfector of the lyre.

==Page 941==

'''Jurançon''' 
Town near Pau.

'''Paris Commune''' 
Revolutionary government in Paris for two months in 1871.

'''Bartók and Kodály in Hungary''' 
Béla Bartók (1881-1945) wrote music influenced in part by the Hungarian (Magyar) folk songs he collected after 1905. Zoltán Kodály (1882-1967) incorporated some such music into works such as the "Dances of Marosszék."

'''Canteloube in the Auvergne''' 
Many songs Joseph Canteloube (1879-1957) collected found their way into his "Chants d'Auvergne."

'''Vaughan Williams in England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams Ralph Vaughan Williams] (1872-1958) was one of a small corps of collectors in Britain. A highlight of his output is the "English Folk Song Suite" for military band. His "Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis" is discussed on [[ATD_892-918#Page_896|page 896]].

'''Eugénie Lineff in Russia''' 
Publishing under this French form of her name, Evgeniya Lineva or Linyova (1853/4-1919) brought out collections of Russian and Ukrainian folk songs.

'''Hjalmar Thuren in the Farøe Islands''' 
Danish musicologist Thuren (1873-1912) collected in the Farøes, East Greenland and elsewhere.

==Page 942==

'''a commonwealth of the oppressed''' 
Such a commonwealth might require the kind of transcendence of desire Cyprian is embarked upon.

'''unmapped territory''' 
But they have the Map--they just can't yet read it.

'''utopian dreams...defective forms of time travel''' 
Fiction is an escape into Possibility, alternate histories; clearly a reflexive reference to AtD itself. One way to formulate this is to consider fiction, the Imaginary, another coordinate axis for the universe, like the three dimensions of space and the fourth of time. The imaginary/fictional affects reality, the choices made in the realm of the other four axes, by way of consciousness (thought and desire). Utopian dreaming is a "defective" form in that it is not along a "real" axis of travel, or perhaps because it can only affect choices in the other four axes via defective human consciousness.

'''untouched by cause and effect...points were thrown one by one like a magician forcing a card on spectators...''' 
Action collapses Possibility into Actuality in one formulation of the quantum universe; a reprise of Yashmeen's departure from Vienna.

==Page 943==

'''Zagreb''' 
Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_705|page 705: Zagreb]].
Capital of Croatia.

'''Beograd''' 
Usually "Belgrade" in English. Capital of Serbia, later of Yugoslavia.

'''There's ever such a nice panatela right here''' 
Allusion to the famous apocryphal remark attributed to Sigmund Freud: "Sometimes a cigar is only a cigar." Not at all: this time a cigar (a nice panatella) is definitely not a cigar.

'''Craven A''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craven_A Craven A] is a brand of English-style flavor cigarette which is made in both Canada and in Jamaica.

'''massés''' 
A massé shot in billiards involves driving the cue down onto the white ball so that a steep curve or complete reversal of cue ball direction is obtained without the necessity of any rail or object ball being struck.

==Page 944==

'''''machos''''' 
Spanish: he-men.

'''Sofia''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: Sofia]]. Capital of Bulgaria.

'''Tsentralna Gara''' 
Bulgarian: Central (railway) Station.

'''Boulevard Knyaginya Mariya Luiza''' 
Bulgarian: Princess Marie Louise Boulevard. Named for Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma (1870-99), consort of Prince Ferdinand, who became Tsar of Bulgaria after her death.

==Page 945==

'''Arthur Symons''' 
1865-1945, poet and critic who visited Sofia in 1903. And for being sensitive, in 1909 Symons suffered a psychotic breakdown, and published very little new work for a period of more than twenty years.

'''Kind of like Omaha''' 
This gratuitous comment calls for a self-indulgent annotation. I lived in Omaha for 2 years. Reef's assessment is completely accurate. But it might be worth noting that just as the arrival of the railroad seems to have rationalized Sofia, Omaha, also a city developed on a grid system, was the jumping off point for the Union Pacific half of the Transcontinental Railroad project.

'''leva''' 
Plural of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_lev lev], which is divided into 100 stotinki.

'''quo''' 
Punning on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quid_pro_quo quid pro quo].

'''kebabcheta''' 
Bulgarian: rissole (something resembling a meat-filled croquette or breaded cutlet). Two notes: (1) The ''-ta'' at the end is not part of the word but a definite article; (2) present-day spelling is ''kebapche.''

'''banichka''' 
Bulgarian: cheese patty.

'''palachinki''' 
Bulgarian: pancakes.

'''to doss''' 
to sleep

'''Transylvanian . . . ''kanástánc''''' 
In western Bulgaria he thinks he hears a Hungarian "swineherd's dance" from a part of present-day northern Romania, which belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary until 1918, with a large Magyar population (31.6 pct according to the 1910 census). That song really would have done some traveling. (Should it be spelled ''kanásztánc''? - Oh yes. It had a Transylvanian Romanian version, though, called crucea.)

'''antiphonal''' 
Answering responsively, as in [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/antiphony antiphony].

'''Shop dialect''' 
Nothing to do with ateliers. Bulgarian ''shop'' refers to the Sofia district and specifically peasants living there.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 864-891

2007-06-15T07:30:44Z

Cal: /* Page 866 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 864==

'''''galleggianti''''' 
Boathouses.

'''''traghetto''''' 
ferry-boat.

==Page 865==

'''cicerone''' 
Guide, especially for a single woman.

'''''Inglesi''''' 
Italian: Englishmen.

==Page 866==

'''Gorblimey''' 
Representing a Cockney pronunciation of "God blind me!"; in medieval times, people would curse using contractions rather than breaking the third commandment (Do not use the Lord's name in vain oaths). Compare strewth, zounds, 'sblood. -- Wiktionary

'''Jenny Invert''' 
This is not her first occurrence. Part of the printing of 1918 24-cent airmail stamps showed an inverted image of a Curtis JN-4 Jenny airplane. [http://www.afa.org/magazine/1990/0790jenny.asp It's a famous and valuable stamp.] 
Another female character named after a stamp is "Penny Black"

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Nether Wallop, Hants''' 
Hants: customary shortening of Hampshire. 
NETHER WALLOP, a parish in the hundred of Thorngate, county Hants, 7 miles S.W. of Andover, and 3½ N.W. of Stockbridge, its post town. The parish is situated under Danebury Hill, on which are remains of a fortification with ramparts, strengthened on the western side by an outwork, and supposed to have been formed by Canute the Great. The surface is hilly and the soil chalky. The living is a vicarage* in the diocese of Winchester, value £350. The church, dedicated to St. Andrew, contains several old monuments and two brasses-one of an abbess, bearing date 1432, and the other of a mitred abbot. Gazeteer of Ireland and Great Britain. 
Great Pynchonian name.

'''Inanimate Bird Association''' 
Concerned with clay pigeons, i.e., trapshooting.

'''rather shirty''' 

Shirty: angry, irritated, huffy, stroppy.
Maybe from "Keep your shirt on!" (Don't get angry!)

'''the key also changes day to day''' 
A code depending upon changes in the starting point for shifts in the text (e.g a book with a different starting page depending on the date, groups of letters that change starting with a different letter every day)is considered unbreakable unless one knows the starting point, called the Key.

'''''Oca ti jebem''''' 
Macedonian: I fuck your father.

'''Giles Piprake''' 
Is he aping Chico Marx? 
A small rake with women? See his remark about Ratty's wife. The joke here is that if Ratty's wife did complain, that would be a problem Piprake couldn't sort out. 
No, G.P.'s comeback is a joke in the "That's what ''she'' said" genre. 
Lots of definitions for [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pip pip], take your pick. Breaking through a shell (shell being a metaphor for a problem barrier in this case) seems as appropriate as any. Lots of definitions for [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/rake rake], too. 
A ''pipkrake'' is a narrow spike of ice that grows upward from a body of groundwater in freezing weather, carrying a portion of soil on its top surface. [http://epod.usra.edu/archive/epodviewer.php3?oid=336192 Here] are a photo and discussion; note that the caption has the misspelling ''piprake''!

==Page 867==

'''remember not to wear yellow''' 
Cyprian thinks he was seen hiding because he was wearing yellow?
Conjecture: Austro-Hungary's colors were yellow and black. So yellow not only draws the eye, but he might also be taken for an Austrian in Venice incurring Italian mob wrath or perhaps Theign's attention.

'''''valletto''''' 
Italian: valet, attendant.

'''''heliotrope''''' 
A moderate, light, or brilliant violet to moderate or deep reddish purple.

'''''Facciam' il porco''''' 
We (the Prince and valletto) are playing the sexual pervert. Literally, we are doing the pig, but porco is Italian slang for sexual pervert.

'''''Il mio ragazzo è molto geloso''''' 
Italian: My little guy is very jealous.

'''''Qualsiasi, Ciprianino''''' 
Italian: Whatever you want (you want is implied), little Cyprian.

'''The Iron Gateway''' 
an imaginary internal 'Symbolist' artwork embodying vivid hallucinatory visions within ATD? 
Also a real structure:
Iron Gateway & Draghut Mosque, Tripoli Medina
Iron Gateway, Tripoli Medina
Iron Gateway & Draghut Mosque, Tripoli Medina

-- Is this a reference to the Portal, p.154?

'''Carlo Zen furniture''' 
Designed by Carlo Zen (Italian, 1851-1918)
Among the more prolific designers and cabinet-makers of the period was the firm of Carlo Zen. Some of his decorations suggest the strong influence of continental symbolism, while other objects reveal a keen awareness of geometric simplification.

'''Galileo Chini''' 
Galileo CHINI , famous italian painter and ceramist, was born in Florence on December 2nd 1873 and died on August 23rd 1956.
In 1896, he funded "The Art of Ceramics" (later called "Factory Fornaci S.Lorenzo). He introduced the Liberty style in Italy.
As a painter he took part at the"Biennale di Venezia" from 1901 till 1936.
In 1911 he was in Bangkok to decorate Siam King's palace.
He remained there till 1913: it was a triumph! Back in Italy, he taught at the "Accademia di Belle Arti"in Florence. Some of his beautiful works of Art can be found at the Modern Art Gallery in Rome, at the Uffizi in Florence and at the Modern Art Gallery in Palazzo Pitti.

'''Bugatti''' 
Carlo Bugatti (1856-1940), world-famous furniture designer from Milan.

==Page 868==

'''''corno''''' 
The "horned" cap worn by Doges of Venice. An example comes from a Bellini portrait of a doge at [http://www.prints.co.nz/page/fine-art/PROD/Renaissance_Art_Prints/7211].

'''''lo stato''''' 
Italian: the state.

'''penance....imbalance in Nature.''' 
incredible thematic paragraph that relates to revenge motif?

- seems also to refer to the idea of Karma and karmic penance. Only if you make up for the deeds done in this or in an earlier life, the karmic account will be balanced (i.e. 'Nature' in the sense of the whole cosmos).

==Page 869==

'''''salizzada''''' 
Salizzada once meant a paved street, implying that all other, less important calles were once just dirt-packed alleyways.From a Venice Guidebook.

==Page 870==

'''Not by a long chalk''' 
This mainly British expression means “not by any means”, “not at all” and often turns up in conventional expressions such as they weren’t beaten yet, not by a long chalk.
It goes back to the days in which a count or score of almost any kind was marked up on a convenient surface using chalk. At a pub or ale house this might be a note of the amount of credit you had been given (often called the chalk in the early nineteenth century), which Charles Dickens refers to in Great Expectations: “There was a bar at the Jolly Bargemen, with some alarmingly long chalk scores in it on the wall at the side of the door, which seemed to me to be never paid off.”-- Yahoo answers.

'''gibanica''' 
Croatian: a rolled pastry filled with cheese or fruit.

'''kadulja''' 
Croatian, literally: garden sage.

'''coastal Čakavština''' 
Speech of a region in coastal Croatia.

==Page 871==

'''''bàcari''''' 
Venetian wine bars

'''formulæ''' 
Spells. The plural of formula, an established form of words or symbols for use in a ceremony or procedure.

==Page 872==

'''''Altezza''''' 
Italian: Highness.

==Page 873==

'''Montepulciano''' 
A red wine, considered among Italy's best, from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montepulciano Montepulciano].

'''the Ponte degli Scalzi''' 
Cf [[ATD_724-747#Page_746|page 746: the Ponte degli Scalzi]].

==Page 874==

'''11 mm Montenegrin Gasser''' 
A hinged-framed 11.3 mm calibre revolver

'''... to leave some mark of imbalance''' 
Refer back to p.868: "... there is an imbalance in Nature."

'''San Stae''' 
In Santa Croce district.

==Page 875==

==Page 876==

'''gentleman ops''' 
A tradition in thrillers. Bulldog Drummond and Tommy Hambledon are just two in the crowd.

'''dittoes''' 
"A suit of dittoes" is an outfit of coat, vest (waistcoat) and trousers from the same fabric.

'''Wrong sod, I'm afraid''' 
Not Oscar Wilde, i.e. not a Dandy

'''religious surrender of the self''' 
See P. 836, and note. Suggests Cyprian's masochism is a form of self-transcendence; transgression as transcendence. He has indeed demonstrated his ability to lose all desire...

==Page 877==

'''...what were the chances of finding anyone seeking to transcend that, and not even particularly aware of it?''' 
Passing beyond the self, passing beyond desire (and without fanfare), Cyprtian's very Buddhist quest, is perceived only as masochistic in the Western materialist view.

==Page 878==

'''''brisance''''' 
A French word now fully adopted in English. In the context of explosives it means "shattering power." In English it means the shattering or crushing effect of a sudden release of energy as in an explosion.

'''undissembled''' 
Synonyms: open-hearted, honest, plain, artless, guileless, ingenuous, innocent, natural, sincere, transparent, unconcealed, undisguised, unvarnished. Antonyms: devious, secretive, two-faced, evasive.

'''Wigan''' 
A town near Manchester, England, (with a professional soccer team, Wigan Atheletic).

'''the Earl's Court Wheel''' 
[http://www.shadyoldlady.com/location.php?loc=492 The Great Wheel] of a height of 300 ft built at the Earls Court exhibition grounds, London. It was modelled on the original one in Chicago. It was opend on July 6, 1895 for the "Empire of India Exhibition" and stayed in service until 1906. It was dismantled in 1907.

'''reversals of power''' 
Reversals of sexual power positions parallel Alernating Current. If DC is "direct" i.e. in one direction only, and AC is "alternating" current, a current of periodical reversals, perhaps all this talk of transcending sexual norms and role reversals is a social/sexual counterpoint to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Currents Current Wars]fought between Edison and Tesla. After much heated contention, Tesla and AC won, enormously extending the range and safety of power distribution (electrical, economic, sexual, social) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering].Seen in the light of electrical circuitry, Anarchist explosions are expressions of power imbalance, every detonation another circuit blown. 
Electrical engineering terms take on new significance in AtD: twisted pair, induction coupling, Q inductors, three-phase generation, loads, triangle wave, square wave, etc. Interestingly, the wiki commentary on the War of the Currents states that "AC cannot really be understood or exploited without a substantial mathematical and mathematical physics orientation, which Tesla had" -- as did Yashmeen -- at whose feet these power reversals were but the "outskirts" (an interesting double entendre in outskirts). That Yashmeen is central to all this sexual power transformation, generation, distribution, alternating style as well as being a human mental radio (clairvoyance) -- she becomes an embodiment of both Henry Adams' dynamo and Virgin -- in one! A duality in singularity. She is the mother/whore of the electrical world.

==Page 879==

'''the least ''clairvoyante''''' 
The (woman) friend least able to exercise occult powers such as seeing the future.

'''Carnevale''' 
Italian: Carnival. The Italian word [http://italianfood.about.com/library/rec/blr0149.htm ''Carnevale''] derives from ''Carne Levare'' — Remove Meat — the name of the sumptuous dinner people would hold the night before Ash Wednesday, which marks the beginning of Lent. In the past, things were especially intense in Venice, where debauched revels went on for weeks.

==Page 880==

'''Carnesalve''' 
If Carnevale means "goodbye to meat" (beginning of the Lenten fast), Carnesalve means "hello there, meat!"

'''San Servolo''' 
Island in the Venetian Lagoon, to the southeast of San Giorgio Maggiore, from 18th century until 1978 site of the Venetian psychiatric hospital. Since 1978, site of the "Istituto per le Ricerche e gli Studi sull´Emarginazione Sociale e Culturale" (Institute for the Study of Social and Cultural Marginalization) to preserve the documents associated with the history of the psychiatric hostpital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo].

'''Signori di Notte''' 
Italian: night lords.

==Page 881==

'''...framed by Signor Fabrizio's re-imagining of Yashmeen's hair...''' 
Saved from when he cut it off? On P. 860, she says he may "do whatever he want(s) with it.

'''Parma violets''' 
A delicate variety of the flower produced in the Italian city. The blossoms are sometimes sold candied, too.

'''loggie''' 
Plural of ''loggia.'' Italian: theater box or similar feature in a formal room.

==Page 882==

'''''amoretti''''' 
Italian: "Cupids" used as space fillers or decorative elements.

'''''tesoro''''' 
Italian: treasure.

'''Quickly now ....''' 
The conception described here is technically immaculate: Reef fulfills the role of the Father, Yashmeen that of Mary, and Cyprian that of the Holy Ghost. 

Or is this a human instance of three phase generation? 

'''''fellatrice''''' 
Or: fellatrix , a female who performs oral-genital-sex on the penis. Quote: Woody Allen to Miro Sorvino in Mighty Aphrodite (1995): ' I'm sure that you're a state-of-the-art fellatrix .' The etymology of fellatrice and fellatrix is the same as that of fellatio: from Latin, fellare (to suck). These words are used in English, French and Italian.
(denoting Cyprian's role, not his physiology).

==Page 883==

'''Ascension Day''' 
The fortieth day after Easter Sunday (which is always a Thursday), commemorating the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension Ascension] of Christ into heaven, according to Mark 16:19, Luke 24:51, and Acts 1:2.

==Page 884==

==Page 885==

'''outmoded sexual protocols''' 
Again, transgression = transcendence. Of course, also parallels struggl;es over acceptance of homosexuality in our times.

'''nasal intrusion''' 
Sticking one's nose into something.

'''''chavalitos''''' 
Spanish: kids.

==Page 886==

'''Grand Army of the Matrimonial Republic''' 
The Grand Army of the Republic comprised Union veterans of the American Civil War. Its heyday came around 1890-1910.

==Page 887==

'''endlessless''' 
A typo for endlessness.

==Page 887-888==
'''[T]he dream came and found him...''' 
Reef's contribution to the hallucination/dream motif previously referenced in the Traverse sections of the novel. The color yellow seems to be significant here and elsewhere, especially coded to Webb Traverse. [More forthcoming]

<blockquote>
          In the dream they were no longer in the ghostly canyons of the McElmo but in the city, not Venice but noplace American either, with an umappable operational endlessless (sic) to its streets, the same ancient, disquieting pictures engraved on its walls as back in the McElmo, spelling out a story whose pitiless truth couldn't be admitted officially by the authorities here because of the danger to the public sanity.... It was darker out here than he had any idea of. In the distance Reef caught sight of a procession of miners in their long rubber coats, only one of them, about halfway along, with the candle stub in his hat lit. Like postulants in habits, they proceeded single file down a narrow street like a humid drift lit back or front by a yellow lamp. As Reef came closer he saw the bearer of the light was Webb. 
        "Small victories," Webb greeted him. "Just to come away with one or two. To praise and to honor the small victories where and however they happen." 
        "Hasn't been too many of them lately, Pa," Reef tried to say. 
        "Not talking about yours, you numbskull." 
        Understanding that this was Webb's attempt to pass on another message, like up the séance in the Alps, Reef saw just for one lucid instant that this was the precise intelligence he needed to get him back to where he had wandered off the trail, so long ago. And then he was awake and trying to remember why it was important.</blockquote>

[[User:Bean|remy]] 13:15, 28 December 2006 (PST)

endlessless: typo for endlessness

pictures engraved on the walls: the Puebloan pictograms

'''Garfagnana''' 
Historical region of Italy, today part of the province of Lucca in the Apennines, in northwest Tuscany, but before the unification of Italy it belonged to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, ruled by the Este family. For a short time, in the 16th century, it was governed by the poet Ludovico Ariosto [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfagnana].

'''Bagni di Lucca''' 
Note the similarity in name to Banjaluka (or Banja Luka), Bosnia or actually Republika Srpska , mentioned on page 834. Another bilocation, like Kara Tagh and Montenegro ([[ATD_748-767#Page_764|annotations, page 764]]).

Might also add: Novi Pazar = Novi Bazar = Newmarket.

'''homeopathic principle''' 
Like cures like. To alleviate an allergy, according to homeopathic doctrine, administer the allergen in an exceedingly dilute form.

==Page 889==

'''Say surly topple''' 
You can't help thinking Reef does this on purpose (or Pynchon :-). French ''C'est sur la table'': It's on the table.

'''pasta asciutta''' 
Pasta dish with potatoes and green beans. Actually ''pasta asciutta'' refers to any kind of ''pasta''. Actually, pasta asciutta refers to any kind of packaged dry (asciutta translates as dry) pasta (as opposed to made from [http://www.cooks.com/rec/view/0,1635,144190-254199,00.html scratch]) and apparently when Reef boiled it, it "was always overdone." There are also lots of regional recipes with pasta asciutta as part of the name of the recipe, e. g., pasta asciutta alla bolognese, or pasta asciutta alla siciliana.

'''pasta fazool''' 
Officially ''pasta e fagioli;'' "fazool" imitates the pronunciation in a regional dialect of Italian. A hearty soup consisting of pasta, any one of a variety of beans (borlotti (cranberry) beans, kidney beans, cannellini beans, ...), and optionally some meat.

==Page 890==

'''''al dente''''' 
Italian, cooked so as to be firm when eaten; literally: to the tooth or to the bite, referring to the need to chew the pasta due to its firmness.

'''Barcelona''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragic_Week Tragic Week] (in Catalan la Setmana Tràgica, in Spanish la Semana Trágica) (July 25-August 2, 1909) is the name used for a series of bloody confrontations between the army and the working classes of Barcelona and other cities of Catalonia, backed by the anarchists, communists and republicans, during the last week of July 1909. It was caused by the calling-up of reserve troops by Prime Minister Antonio Maura to be sent as reinforcements when Spain renewed military-colonial activity in Morocco on July 9. There would be risings again in 1917, and Barcelona was among the last strongholds of the Spanish Republic in the Civil War of 1936-39; even during the Civil war, anarchists and Communists fought in the streets (see Orwell's ''Homage to Catalonia'' for a participant account. In 1972 anarchist grafiti could still be found in the Old City). But in 1909, indeed, much worse was to come.

'''''línea del fuego''''' 
Spanish: line of (the) fire. This may be a naive translation of "firing line" or "line of fire" (note the satisfying ambiguity); ''línea de tiro'' seems to be preferred.

'''...''absence of desire''--why one might choose ''not to embrace'' what the world judges, it often seemed unanimously, to lie clearly in one's interest.''' 
Cyprian is becoming aware of his interest in divesting himself of desire. Yashmeen in the following sentences notes this change that took place in him in Bosnia; he notes how difficult renouncing his desire for her will be, and she that this is not the real meaning.

==Page 891==

'''Biarritz''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biarritz Biarritz], located about 11 miles from the border with Spain, is a town by the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast, in southwestern France.

'''''bal musette''''' 
French: dance hall (bal), with the music provided by an accordion band. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal-musette Bal-musette] is a style of French popular music presumably played at these dance halls.

'''in some auxiliary sense . . . his own''' 
Review details of the encounter at Carnesalve (page 881).

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 768-791

2007-06-14T19:37:00Z

Cal: /* Page 786 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 768==

'''fourteeners''' 
Affectionate name applied by Coloradans to mountain peaks 14,000 feet (approx. 4200 m) high.

'''Lake Baikal''' 

Another bi-location: one world out here, another reflected one in the lake.

Photos of Lake Baikal: [http://angara.net/photo/album/122] & [http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/lakebaikal/]

An Article on the Oddities of Lake Baikal: [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF9/986.html] 

Wikipedia Entry: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Baikal]

==Page 769==

'''Mount Kailash''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_437|page 437: Mount Kailash]].

'''Tengri Khan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Tengri Tengri Khan] is a mountain, the second-highest peak (23,000 ft) of the Tian Shan mountain range.

'''a maze of slot canyons''' 
The ground is crumpled rather like Kovalevskaia's handkerchief on page 634.

==Page 770==

'''stand before the Gate . . . Kit looked up . . .''' 
See the picture here: Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Tushuk Tash]].

'''followed by the whizzing sound''' 
As the impact of the V-2 was in ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

==Page 771==

'''You are released''' 
Echoes ''Ite, missa est'' on page 668.

'''samovars . . . gasping and puffing''' 
Samovar: a double urn containing a large amount of hot water and a small amount of super-strong tea. Passengers mixed their own to taste. The hot-water urn (the samovar proper) was in fact a small charcoal boiler; there ''was'' much steam. Many Russian railroad cars had samovars.

'''Ak-su''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksu_City Ak-su] (White Water) is a city in Xinjiang, China. It is located in the Southern foothills of Tian Shan. The economy of Ak-su is mostly agricultural, with cotton, in particular the long-staple cotton, as the main product.

'''Kucha''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucha Kucha] is a city in Xinjiang. It was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Takalmakan desert in the Tarim Basin.

'''Korla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korla Korla], also spelled as Kurla, is a city south of Karashahr. The Iron Gate Pass, 4 miles north of the city, played an important part in protecting the ancient Silk Road from rading nomads from the north.

'''Karasahr''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karasahr Karasahr] (Black City) is located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan desert.

'''nephrite''' 
Fibrous silicate mineral, one of the constituents of jade.

'''Turfan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turfan Turfan] is an oasis city located about 90 miles southeast of Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang, China, in a mountain basin on the northern side of the Turfan Depression. Even though it has only 0.9 inch rainfall per year, Turfan has long been the center of a fertile oasis, producing great quatities of high-quality fruits, and an imprtant trade center.

'''Flaming Mountains''' 
[http://www.chinaetravel.com/attraction/att27c.html Flaming Mountains] are red sandstone hills on the northern edge of the Turfan Basin. The red of the hills has been likened to burning flames, and temperatures often reach a sweltering 130° F. The Mountains were made famous by the 16th-century Chinese classic novel ''Journey to the West''.

'''the Sangre de Cristos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains The Sangre de Cristos] (Blood of Christ) are the southermost subrange of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

==Page 772==
'''the ancient kingdom of Khocho . . . to be the historical Shambhala''' 
Dr Edwin Bernbaum, a Research Associate of the University of California, Berkeley, claimed, in his book [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] (1980, 2001), that Shambhala is not in the Himalayas, but far to the north, in the Turfan Depression, "Established by the Uighurs, a Turkish perople, around 850, the kingdom of Khocho flourished for four hundred years as a remarkable oasis of culture and learning. A predominantly Buddhist country, with numerous monasteries, it also had active centers of Manicheanism and Nestorian Christianity . . . At the time the ''Kalackra'' appreared in India, the kingdom of Khocho probably possessed the most advanced civilization of any country in Central Asia. Well-irrigated fields and orchards produced enough surplus food to allow the Uighurs to run welfare programs for the poor. Living together in peaceful harmony, people of different races, relgions and languages stimulated each other's thought and culture. Paintings found in the ruins of Turfan show houses built in the Chinese style, men and women dressed in embroidered silk, and a chamber ensemble complete with harps, guitar, and flutes. Even the Chinese, the most fastidious connoisseurs of culture, were impressed by the grace of Uihur society." (pp.42-43)

Bernbaum's [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] is an excellent resource and a likely backgrounder for Pynchon when writing about Shambhala in ''Against the Day''.

'''Urumchi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi Urumchi] or Ürümqi, is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. With a population of 2.1 million (75% are Han Chinese) and located in the northwest of the country, it is the largest city in the western half of China. Ürümqi is the most remote city from any sea in the world at a distance of about 1,400 miles from the nearest coastline.

'''lowlands of Dzungaria''' 
A region of 300,000 sq mi in Xinjiang, NW China. It is a largely steppe and semidesert basin surrounded by high mountains: the Tian Shan in the south and the Altai in the north. Urumchi and Yining are the main cities with other smaller oasis towns dot the piedmont areas. The region passed to the Chinese only in the mid-18th century.

==Page 773==

'''Lake Zaisan''' 
Lake Zaisan, in Russian Central Asia near the Chinese border, is located in an open valley between the Altai range on the northeast and the Tarbagatai on the south at an altitude of 1,355 ft.

'''The Irtysh . . . the Ob''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irtysh_River The Irtysh] is the chief tributary of the Ob which is a major river in western Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob_river The Ob] is Russia's fourth longest river. The Ob-Irtysh form a major basin in Asia, encompassing most of western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.

'''Novosibirsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk Novosibirsk] lies along the Ob river in the West Siberian Plain. It is Russia's 3rd largest city, after Moscow and St.Petersubrg. It was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the Ob. In early 20th century the Turkestan-Siberia Railway, connecting Novosibirsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea, was completed.

'''The Paris of Siberia''' 
By 1900 Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 763: Irkutsk]]) had been nicknamed as such.

'''''kupechestvo''''' 
Russian: the merchant community.

'''Glaskovsk''' 
A suburb in Irkutsk across the Irkut river.

==Page 774==

'''Club Golomyanka''' 
A golomyanka is a viviparous fish of the perch family, unique to Lake Baikal.

'''NAUSHNIKI''' 
As translated in the text.

'''1895 model Nagant revolver''' 
[http://world.guns.ru/handguns/hg102-e.htm Nagant revolver] was designed in Belgium by Nagant brothers in the late 1880s and was adopted by numerous countries. The major user and manufacturer was Russia which adopted it in 1895.

'''British gold sovereigns''' 
The world's most popular gold coins, [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/firstsovereign.html British gold sovereign] first came to existence in 1489 under Henry VII. There was a major change in 1816 for the so-called Modern Soverign which are continure to the present day. It has a value of one pound sterling (but with a much higher trading market value) and is made of 15.55 grams of standard gold coinage alloy of 23 carat, equal to 95.83% pure gold. (Another source [http://www.onlygold.com/Coins/BritishSovereignsFullScreen.asp British gold sovereigns2] said they have a 91.7% gold.)

==Page 775==

'''Tower Hill''' 
[http://www.royalmint.com/RoyalMint/web/site/Corporate/AboutUs/History/TowerHill.asp The Royal Mint at Tower Hill], London, between 1812-1968. Now the Royal mint is at Liantrisant (10 miles west of Cardiff), Wales.

'''Young Vic''' 
Image of young Queen Victoria on the British sovereign (1 pound) piece. The first portrait for Queen Victoria was the "Youg Head", which was used on sovereigns from 1838 to 1887 inclusive. For a picture for this coin see [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/heads.html Victoria Young Head].

'''Upper Tunguska, Stony Tunguska, Lower Tunguska''' 
They are the three eastern tributaries of the Yenisei River in Siberia. They cut across the swampy forests of east-central Siberia, draining the Tunguska Basin. Furthest north is the Lower Tunguska (1,590 mile long). The Stony Tunguska (980 mile long) rises west of the headwaters of the Lower Tunguska. The Upper Tunguska is the name given to the lower course of the Angara and it joins the Yenisei at Strelka. The area of the three rivers is the home of the Tungus. ([http://www.bartelby.com/65/tu/Tunguska.html Tunguska]).

'''the Ilimpiya''' 
Presumably the Ilimpeya River, a left-bank tributary of the Lower Tunguska, is named for them.

:It refers to the Tungus people from the Ilimpiya river.

'''the Shanyagir''' 
A clan of the Tungus people who lives along the Stony Tunguska.

'''Magyakan''' 
Shaman of the Ilimpiya clan, also spelled Magankan. His greatest feat was summoning a huge flock of ''agdi'', the birds made of iron that produce the thunder, for the explosion over the land of the Shanyagir clan. It flattened nearly a thousand square miles of forest and started a fire that burned for weeks, sending ash so high that it circled the Northern Hemisphere, making sunsets bright. See [http://www.answers.com/topic/shaman shaman].

'''''siberyaki''''' 
Standard spelling ''sibiryaki.'' Russian: Siberians.

'''Bratsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratsk Bratsk], located on the Angara River near the vast Bratsk Reservoir, is a city in Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russia.

'''Yeniseisk''' 
[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Yeniseisk,_Siberia_(Capital) Yeniseisk], on the right bank of the Yenisei, is a Siberian city 170 miles northwest of Krasnoyarsk, capital of the government of the same name.

'''embouchure''' 
French word denoting the conformation of the mouth (in speaking, playing the clarinet, etc.).

==Page 776==

'''Dorzhieff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agvan_Dorjiev Agvan Dorjiev] (1853/54–1938) was an ethnic Buriat who trained as a Buddhist monk in Tibet.He was one of the tutors of the 13th Dalai Lama and was his representative at the Russian court. He played a great role in the international political life, establishing various relations between Tibet and Russia. The British believed that Dorjiev had created the Shambala Russian myth. Ekai Kawaguchi, a Buddhist monk from Japan who visited Tibet at the turn of the 20th century, claimed to have heard of a pamphlet in which Dorjiev wrote “Shambhala was Russia. The Emperor, moreover, was an incarnation of Tsongkhapa, and would sooner or later subdue the whole world and found a gigantic Buddhist empire”. The religiously-based purpose of Agvan Dorjiev was the foundation of a Lamaist-oriented kingdom of the Tibetans and Mongols as a theocracy under the Dalai Lama ... [and] under the protection of Tsarist Russia ... In addition, among the Lamaists there existed the religiously grounded hope for help from a ‘Messianic Kingdom’ in the North ... called 'Northern Shambhala’. At the center of Dorjiev’s activities in Russia stood the construction of a three-dimensional mandala — the Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg. Regarding the décor, it is perhaps also of interest that there was a swastika motif which the Bolsheviks knocked out during the Second World War. Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg there was sufficient room for several lamas, who looked after the ritual life, to live on the grounds. Dorjiev had originally intended to triple the staffing and to construct not just a temple but also a whole monastery. This was prevented, however, by the intervention of the Russian Orthodox Church . Officially, the buddhist shrine was declared to be a place for the needs of the Buriat, Tuva, mongol ,and Kalmyk minorities in the capital. With regard to its occult functions it was a tantric mandala with which the Kalachakra system was to be transplanted into the West. From the lamas’ traditional point of view, founding a temple is seen as an act of spiritual occupation of a territory. Such sacred buildings as the Kalachakra temple in St. Petersburg are cosmograms which are employed by the lamas as magic seals in order to spiritually subjugate countries and peoples.

'''taiga''' 
Coniferous boreal forest; supports logging, trapping, hunting/gathering.

'''iron creatures of Agdy . . . their eyes flashing . . .''' 
"The Tungus have only one expression for the thunder - ''agdy''-, by which they also describe the old man, the lord of the thunder as well as all the thunderbirds that come down to earth and cause the thunder. The ''Agdy'' birds are as big as black grouses, are made of iron, and their eyes are fiery. The thunder arises from their flight above the earth and their eyes flash like lightning." (from a quotation in [http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/evenkiv.html Tungus eye-witnesses reports of Tunguska Event]).

'''Hindu fire-god Agni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agni Fire-god Agni] is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word ''Agni'' is Sanskrit for "fire". Agni is a messenger from and to the other gods. He is ever-young and immortal, because the fire is re-lit every day.

'''Ogdai Khan''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_765|page 765: Ogdai]].

==Page 777==

'''The Church of England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England The Church of England] is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the "mother" and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.

'''Shamanism''' 
Decentralized religion. The village shaman engaged in spirit travel and communicated with animals, ancestors, etc., for the benefit of the people, often using bizarrely excessive amounts of drugs.

'''The Cherokee''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee The Cherokee] are a people indigenous to North American, who at the time of European contact in the 16th century inhabited what is now the Eastern and Southeastern United States. Most were forcibly moved westward to the Ozark Plateua. They were one of the tribes referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes.

'''the Apache''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache The Apache] is the collective name for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the US. They formerly lived over eastern Arizona, north-western Mexico, New Mexico, parts of Texas.

'''the massacre of the Sioux Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee''' 
They were the largest and most important Indian tribe north of Mexico, with the exception of Chippewa, who, however, lack the solidarity of the Sioux. [http://www.indians.org/articles/sioux-indians.html The Sioux] actually came to North America from Asia about 30,000 years ago. The name Sioux means "little snake". They were generally nomadic, typically followed the pattern of the buffalo. [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/sioux-indians/sioux-indians.htm The Sioux Indians] occupied the vast domain extending from the Arkansas River, in the south, to the western tributary of Lake Winnipeg, in the north, and westward to the eastern slopes of the Rocky. The Sioux battled the white men and fought against the government in orer to keep their land. There was a general uprising in 1862. Later there were many more fierce armed conflicts involved the Sioux. One of the better known was ''The Battle of Little Big Horn'' on June 25, 1876, in which General Custer and all of his immediate command were killed. This was one of the most significant victories, led by [http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/bigfoor.htm Sitting Bull] (1831-1890), of the Indian Nations. 
A new Indian's religion that promised to rid the land of white people and restore the Indians' way of life evolved in 1880s-1890s as a reaction to the Indians being forced to submit to government authority and reservation life. The new religion was called [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost.html the Ghost Dance] by the white because of its ceremonial ritual dance and its precepts of resurrection and reunion with the dead. The Sioux were the most enthusiastic believers. But the Bureau of Indian Affairs banned the Ghost Dance feared that the swelling numbers of Ghost Dancers and believed that the ritual was a precusor to renwered Indian militancy and violent rebellion. The confrontation led to [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKmscr.html The Wounded Knee Massacre] on December 29, 1890 in which over 350 Ghost Dancers were slained. And this was the last major armed conflict between the Indian Nations and the US Government.

==Page 779==

'''A heavenwide blast of light''' 
It refers to the greatest cosmic impact of the century, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event the Tunguska Event], happened at 7:17 A.M. on June 30, 1908 near the Stony Tunguska River at Tunguska basin in central Siberia, Russia. With no warning, a small comet or meteor about 100 ft in diameter, coming from the direction of Western China and glowing with the heat of 5,000 degrees, hurtling through space about 3-6 miles above the Earth and exploded in the sky 40 miles north of Vanavara settlement by the Stony Tunguska. It was so powerful that the seismograph at Irkutsk, some 550 miles away, registered what looked like an earthquake. The impact had a force of 20 million tons of TNT, equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima bombs. It is estimated that 60-80 million trees were felled over an area of 830 square miless but left no obvious crater. If the explosion had occurred over St Petersburg hundreds of thousands of people would have been killed. But the Event occurred at such a remote and isolated location that no scientist bothered to investigate the "rumors" of the event for 13 years. (See also [http://www.unmuseum.org/siberia.htm Tunguska Event from UnMuseum].)
:Check your TV schedule for a History Channel special, ''Siberian Apocalypse,'' which presents old movie footage of Soviet explorations (my guess: re-enacted in the 1930s) and analyses by present-day scientists and UFOlogists, along with the usual Slo-Mo Channel animations repeated ad nauseam. The program ran on March 18, 2007. The best current information, according to a team from the University of Bologna, points to a stony asteroid (a "carbonaceous chondrite") that disintegrated some miles above the surface, leaving no fragments to be found but loading the local vegetation with elements not typical of the taiga.
:Two of the stranger hypotheses about the Event have special ''AtD'' connections. (1) The cosmic object was a chunk of antimatter, and the energy it released was due to annihilation when it came into contact with terrestrial matter (air). This would make the object, in a sense, [[ATD_57-80#Page_78|the Anti-Stone (p. 78).]] (2) The Event was the explosion produced by dissipation of a huge [[ATD_57-80#Page_73|ball lightning (p. 73).]] Both these notions are pretty remote, though, and the stony asteroid holds up better.

'''poods''' 
Russian measure of weight. One pood = 16.38 kilograms; 30 poods = 491 kg = 1081 pounds, pretty close to half a ton.

'''''ekipazh''''' 
Russian: crew, team.

'''''Právil'no''''' 
Russian: all ''right!''

'''Russian design philosophy''' 
. . . which is perpetuated in Soviet and Russian space technology.

'''Razvedka''' 
Russian: intelligence (in the military-political sense).

'''pogroms''' 
Terror campaigns, usually against Jews.

==Page 780==

'''Ofitser Nauchny''' 
Russian: science officer.

'''this Event''' 
The Tunguska Event. Cf 779: A heavenside blast of light.

'''''umnik''''' 
Russian: clever man.

'''General Sukhomlinoff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Sukhomlinov Vladimir Alexandrovich Sukhomlinoff] (1848-1926), Russian cavalry officer, Chief of General Staff 1908-9, Minister of War 1909-15, imprisoned 1917-18 for failure to prepare the Russian Army for World War, emigrated to Finland and then to Germany.

'''''Zi!''''' 
Might be an error. "Wait" in the imperative mode is ''zhdi'' or ''podozhdi'' in Russian.

'''butterfly . . . angel''' 
The description of the damage pattern is accurate; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event.]

==Page 781==

'''''zastolye''''' 
Russian: group of regulars.

'''''Khuy''''' 
Impolite Russian: cock!

'''Bezumyoff''' 
The name derives from Russian ''bezumets'': madman.

'''''vseznaǐka''''' 
Russian: as translated in text. In keeping with the sources he must have used—many of them contemporary—Pynchon applies a bewildering assortment of rules in transliterating Russian words.

'''"potentially a hole in the earth"''' 
One of the theories regarding the real Tungaska Event is that a small black hole entered the earth. Flaw in theory: an exit has never been found. See Wikipedia ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''. . . ''at any moment'', directly beneath St Petersburg . . .''' 
"According to the Guinness Book of World Records (1966 edition), if the collision had occurred 4 hours 47 minutes later, it would have wiped out St. Petersburg, the starting point of the Bolshevik revolution." See (Wikipedia article, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''Tsarskoe Selo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarskoe_Selo Tsarskoe Selo], ''Tsar's Village'', was the "country" home of the Russian Tsars. It is now part of the town of Pushkin about 15 miles south from the center of St.Petersburg.

==Page 782==

'''...to reaffrm allegiance to its limits, including mortality...''' 
That is, to reaffirm the allegiance of the inhabitants of this world to the "something's" limits, remind Man of mortality and transcendent laws and limits.

'''''Nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing.

'''Vanavara''' 
[http://www.evenkya.ru/eng/?id=obsh&sid=admterdel&ssid=41 Vanavara] is the adminstrative center, a settlement with a population of 3,000, of Tungusko-Chunsky region. It is situated on the right bank of the Stony Tunguska river. Vanavara was 40 miles south of the Tunguska Event blast center.

'''Transfinitum''' 
Cantor's mathematical concept of transfinite numbers, indefinitely large but distinct from one another.

==Page 783==

'''''dungur''''' 
A ''dungur'' is a shamanic drum.

'''homeopathic echoes to protect from its return''' 
The homeopathic principle is that small doses of what kills will cure or prevent; drumming prevents return of the huge sound.

==Page 784==

'''Raskol'niki''' 
Russian: schismatics, dissenters. Raskol'nikov in ''Crime and Punishment'' derives his name from this word.

'''Tchernobyl . . . Wormwood''' 
Now rendered more commonly as Chernobyl (Russian), Chornobyl (Ukrainian). 
Wormwood, a star that falls onto the Earth poisoning the fresh water sources per Book of Revelation 8:10-11. 
Dostoyevsky explores Tchenobyl/Wormwood, the meaning of the Book of Revelation in ''The Idiot.''

'''Reindeer discovered again their ancient powers of flight, which had lapsed over the centuries since humans had invaded the North. Some were stimulated by the accompanying radiation into an epidermal luminescence at the red end of the spectrum, particularly around the nasal area.''' 
In other words, Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer and his airborne squadron mates. Seriously: magic and the possibility of change is reintroduced into the world.

'''heat . . . tended to flow unpredictably''' 
The Laws of Thermodynamics have taken a brief holiday.

'''Old Slavonic''' 
Or Old Church Slavonic; liturgical language of Russian Orthodox Church, closely related to Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Serbian (Tesla's father was a Serbian priest who worked in this language).

==Page 785==

'''''izba''''' 
Russian: hut.

'''Ssagan''' 
In Burkhanism, a Russian religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region between 1904 and the 1930s, Ak-Burkhan ("White Burkhan) is a deity who is depicted as an old man with white hair, a white coat, and white headgear, who rides a white horse, and is possibly analogous to the Mongolian "white old man," Tsagan Ebugen. The Buryat language (or Buriat) is a Mongolic language spoken by the Buryats of Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism]

Sacred white reindeer parallels Native American's reverence for white buffalos.

==Page 786==

'''the Sayan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayan_Mountains The Sayan] is a mountain range in southern Siberia. The eastern Sauan extends 600 miles from the Yenisei to the southwest end of Lake Baikal, and the western Sayan forms the eastern continuation of the Altay Mountains.

'''Tannu-Ola''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannu-Ola_Mountains The Tannu-Ola] mountain range is in southern Siberia extending east-west direction and curves along the Mongolian border.

'''Tuva''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuva Tuva] is located in extreme southern Siberia bordering with Mongolia. Its eastern part is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland.

'''if a fellow was going to come riding in anywhere on a white reindeer''' 
Suggestive of Jesus riding an ass into Jerusalem

'''an unearthly gutteral singing''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtone_singing Overtone singing], also known as throat singing, overtone chanting, or harmonic singing, is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances created as air travels from the lungs... The best-known of the traditional forms comes from Tuva... Ethnomusicologists studying throat singing in these areas mark (it) as an integral part in the ancient pastoral animism that is still practised today. (Wikipedia) 
It is unearthly and fascinating. Tuvan throat singing can be seen and heard in the movie "Genghis Blues," a documentary about American musician Paul Pena's trip to Tuva to compete in a throat singing contest.

'''"borbanngadyr"''' 
throat singing..like a flute: from the context.

'''"the heart of Earth" 
'''"all's I see's a bunch of sheep" 
'''"Exactly." 
This is Shambhala. Sheep may safely graze.

==Page 787==

'''the Wheel of Life''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavacakra The Wheel of Life] is a complex symbolic representation of "continuous movement" in the form of a circle, used primarily in Tibetan Buddhism. "Continuous movement", ''samsāra'', is the continuous cycle of birth, life, and death from which one liberates oneself through enlightenment.

'''"Are you kind deities? or wrathful deities?"''' 
Here the interaction between Prance and the Chums of Chance resembles that between Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, and Dorothy Gale in the 1939 film [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 The Wizard of Oz.] After descending from the sky in a pink bubble and encountering Dorothy in Munchkinland, Glinda asks "Are you a good witch or a bad witch?" Dorothy replies that she's not a witch at all, just as Randolph St. Cosmo replies that the Chums "endeavor to be kind." Darby's reference to Bo Peep seems Munchkinlandian too, as Glinda is a sort of shepherd to the Munchkins themselves. --[[User:Jpicco|Jpicco]]

'''"Bo Peep" 
she who has lost her sheep, as in the rhyme.

'''"Never work,", muttered Darby. "They'll squash you like bugs." 
Darby, now a lawyer, now cynical, presents the archetypal response to
Prance's visiting " deities" as in classic sci-fi books and movies.

'''the Tengyur''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_766|page 766: Tengyur]].

==Page 788==

'''band of''' '''''brodyagi''''' 
This entire passage is a reference to ''Don Quixote'', namely the incident with Gines de Pasamonte and the galley slaves. In ''Don Quixote'', Gines acts as a metafictional representation of Cervantes, as well as a symbol of the author/writer. Here, Topor acts as Gines, representing TRP (notice the name similarity). The hallucinogenic mushrooms represent the ''Quixote''--with a two part narrative, the first pleasant and wonderous, the second full of horrors--as well as AtD and novels, generally. The urine-drinking seems to be a crack at literary critics and literature fans who write about books and read what others write--essentially, drinking each other's urine: the after-products of the consumption of books. --[[User:Specklebelly|Specklebelly]]

'''''brodyagi''''' 
Russian: tramps.

'''"Topor"''' 
Russian: The Ax.

'''fusel oils''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_756|page 756: fusel oils]]. 
Toxic byproducts of fermentation, sometimes still present in bad liquor.

'''strange mottled red mushrooms''' 
''Amanita muscaria'', an hallucinogenic mushroom. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_muscaria Wikipedia entry].

'''drank one another's urine''' 
Shamanistic practice also observed in some "mystery" religions. The person who ingests the drug partly metabolizes it and excretes it; followers can get a, hrmm, watered-down dose by drinking his urine.

==Page 789==

'''''brodyagi''''' 
See page 788.

'''Christian propaganda mill down south''' 
A college?

'''Pacific Coast League''' 
Minor league (Triple-A) baseball league that at the time was the only professional baseball league west of St. Louis. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League Wikipedia entry].

Perhaps Colfax Vibe has become Sandy Koufax, pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1960's.

'''barmaid from Oakland''' 
Oakland has a Pacific Coast Brewing Company with some very sweet barmaids.

==Page 790==

'''the wilderness Creature that feeds on all other creatures . . .''' 
Described by Captain Padzhitnoff on p.124

'''Krasnoyarsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk], the third largest city in Siberia, is on the Yenisei River upstream of Yeniseisk. It is an important junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway.

'''arival''' 
Misspelling of ''arrival.''

'''remittance man''' 
A man living on remittances, i.e. family funds from home, a trust fund, etc. It is also time to note that a Fleetwood is a model of Cadillac.

==Page 791==

'''the Vormance people''' 
The Vormance polar expedition was mentioned on page 130 and elsewhere.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 768-791

2007-06-14T19:25:51Z

Cal: /* Page 786 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 768==

'''fourteeners''' 
Affectionate name applied by Coloradans to mountain peaks 14,000 feet (approx. 4200 m) high.

'''Lake Baikal''' 

Another bi-location: one world out here, another reflected one in the lake.

Photos of Lake Baikal: [http://angara.net/photo/album/122] & [http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/lakebaikal/]

An Article on the Oddities of Lake Baikal: [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF9/986.html] 

Wikipedia Entry: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Baikal]

==Page 769==

'''Mount Kailash''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_437|page 437: Mount Kailash]].

'''Tengri Khan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Tengri Tengri Khan] is a mountain, the second-highest peak (23,000 ft) of the Tian Shan mountain range.

'''a maze of slot canyons''' 
The ground is crumpled rather like Kovalevskaia's handkerchief on page 634.

==Page 770==

'''stand before the Gate . . . Kit looked up . . .''' 
See the picture here: Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Tushuk Tash]].

'''followed by the whizzing sound''' 
As the impact of the V-2 was in ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

==Page 771==

'''You are released''' 
Echoes ''Ite, missa est'' on page 668.

'''samovars . . . gasping and puffing''' 
Samovar: a double urn containing a large amount of hot water and a small amount of super-strong tea. Passengers mixed their own to taste. The hot-water urn (the samovar proper) was in fact a small charcoal boiler; there ''was'' much steam. Many Russian railroad cars had samovars.

'''Ak-su''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksu_City Ak-su] (White Water) is a city in Xinjiang, China. It is located in the Southern foothills of Tian Shan. The economy of Ak-su is mostly agricultural, with cotton, in particular the long-staple cotton, as the main product.

'''Kucha''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucha Kucha] is a city in Xinjiang. It was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Takalmakan desert in the Tarim Basin.

'''Korla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korla Korla], also spelled as Kurla, is a city south of Karashahr. The Iron Gate Pass, 4 miles north of the city, played an important part in protecting the ancient Silk Road from rading nomads from the north.

'''Karasahr''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karasahr Karasahr] (Black City) is located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan desert.

'''nephrite''' 
Fibrous silicate mineral, one of the constituents of jade.

'''Turfan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turfan Turfan] is an oasis city located about 90 miles southeast of Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang, China, in a mountain basin on the northern side of the Turfan Depression. Even though it has only 0.9 inch rainfall per year, Turfan has long been the center of a fertile oasis, producing great quatities of high-quality fruits, and an imprtant trade center.

'''Flaming Mountains''' 
[http://www.chinaetravel.com/attraction/att27c.html Flaming Mountains] are red sandstone hills on the northern edge of the Turfan Basin. The red of the hills has been likened to burning flames, and temperatures often reach a sweltering 130° F. The Mountains were made famous by the 16th-century Chinese classic novel ''Journey to the West''.

'''the Sangre de Cristos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains The Sangre de Cristos] (Blood of Christ) are the southermost subrange of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

==Page 772==
'''the ancient kingdom of Khocho . . . to be the historical Shambhala''' 
Dr Edwin Bernbaum, a Research Associate of the University of California, Berkeley, claimed, in his book [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] (1980, 2001), that Shambhala is not in the Himalayas, but far to the north, in the Turfan Depression, "Established by the Uighurs, a Turkish perople, around 850, the kingdom of Khocho flourished for four hundred years as a remarkable oasis of culture and learning. A predominantly Buddhist country, with numerous monasteries, it also had active centers of Manicheanism and Nestorian Christianity . . . At the time the ''Kalackra'' appreared in India, the kingdom of Khocho probably possessed the most advanced civilization of any country in Central Asia. Well-irrigated fields and orchards produced enough surplus food to allow the Uighurs to run welfare programs for the poor. Living together in peaceful harmony, people of different races, relgions and languages stimulated each other's thought and culture. Paintings found in the ruins of Turfan show houses built in the Chinese style, men and women dressed in embroidered silk, and a chamber ensemble complete with harps, guitar, and flutes. Even the Chinese, the most fastidious connoisseurs of culture, were impressed by the grace of Uihur society." (pp.42-43)

Bernbaum's [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] is an excellent resource and a likely backgrounder for Pynchon when writing about Shambhala in ''Against the Day''.

'''Urumchi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi Urumchi] or Ürümqi, is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. With a population of 2.1 million (75% are Han Chinese) and located in the northwest of the country, it is the largest city in the western half of China. Ürümqi is the most remote city from any sea in the world at a distance of about 1,400 miles from the nearest coastline.

'''lowlands of Dzungaria''' 
A region of 300,000 sq mi in Xinjiang, NW China. It is a largely steppe and semidesert basin surrounded by high mountains: the Tian Shan in the south and the Altai in the north. Urumchi and Yining are the main cities with other smaller oasis towns dot the piedmont areas. The region passed to the Chinese only in the mid-18th century.

==Page 773==

'''Lake Zaisan''' 
Lake Zaisan, in Russian Central Asia near the Chinese border, is located in an open valley between the Altai range on the northeast and the Tarbagatai on the south at an altitude of 1,355 ft.

'''The Irtysh . . . the Ob''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irtysh_River The Irtysh] is the chief tributary of the Ob which is a major river in western Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob_river The Ob] is Russia's fourth longest river. The Ob-Irtysh form a major basin in Asia, encompassing most of western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.

'''Novosibirsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk Novosibirsk] lies along the Ob river in the West Siberian Plain. It is Russia's 3rd largest city, after Moscow and St.Petersubrg. It was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the Ob. In early 20th century the Turkestan-Siberia Railway, connecting Novosibirsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea, was completed.

'''The Paris of Siberia''' 
By 1900 Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 763: Irkutsk]]) had been nicknamed as such.

'''''kupechestvo''''' 
Russian: the merchant community.

'''Glaskovsk''' 
A suburb in Irkutsk across the Irkut river.

==Page 774==

'''Club Golomyanka''' 
A golomyanka is a viviparous fish of the perch family, unique to Lake Baikal.

'''NAUSHNIKI''' 
As translated in the text.

'''1895 model Nagant revolver''' 
[http://world.guns.ru/handguns/hg102-e.htm Nagant revolver] was designed in Belgium by Nagant brothers in the late 1880s and was adopted by numerous countries. The major user and manufacturer was Russia which adopted it in 1895.

'''British gold sovereigns''' 
The world's most popular gold coins, [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/firstsovereign.html British gold sovereign] first came to existence in 1489 under Henry VII. There was a major change in 1816 for the so-called Modern Soverign which are continure to the present day. It has a value of one pound sterling (but with a much higher trading market value) and is made of 15.55 grams of standard gold coinage alloy of 23 carat, equal to 95.83% pure gold. (Another source [http://www.onlygold.com/Coins/BritishSovereignsFullScreen.asp British gold sovereigns2] said they have a 91.7% gold.)

==Page 775==

'''Tower Hill''' 
[http://www.royalmint.com/RoyalMint/web/site/Corporate/AboutUs/History/TowerHill.asp The Royal Mint at Tower Hill], London, between 1812-1968. Now the Royal mint is at Liantrisant (10 miles west of Cardiff), Wales.

'''Young Vic''' 
Image of young Queen Victoria on the British sovereign (1 pound) piece. The first portrait for Queen Victoria was the "Youg Head", which was used on sovereigns from 1838 to 1887 inclusive. For a picture for this coin see [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/heads.html Victoria Young Head].

'''Upper Tunguska, Stony Tunguska, Lower Tunguska''' 
They are the three eastern tributaries of the Yenisei River in Siberia. They cut across the swampy forests of east-central Siberia, draining the Tunguska Basin. Furthest north is the Lower Tunguska (1,590 mile long). The Stony Tunguska (980 mile long) rises west of the headwaters of the Lower Tunguska. The Upper Tunguska is the name given to the lower course of the Angara and it joins the Yenisei at Strelka. The area of the three rivers is the home of the Tungus. ([http://www.bartelby.com/65/tu/Tunguska.html Tunguska]).

'''the Ilimpiya''' 
Presumably the Ilimpeya River, a left-bank tributary of the Lower Tunguska, is named for them.

:It refers to the Tungus people from the Ilimpiya river.

'''the Shanyagir''' 
A clan of the Tungus people who lives along the Stony Tunguska.

'''Magyakan''' 
Shaman of the Ilimpiya clan, also spelled Magankan. His greatest feat was summoning a huge flock of ''agdi'', the birds made of iron that produce the thunder, for the explosion over the land of the Shanyagir clan. It flattened nearly a thousand square miles of forest and started a fire that burned for weeks, sending ash so high that it circled the Northern Hemisphere, making sunsets bright. See [http://www.answers.com/topic/shaman shaman].

'''''siberyaki''''' 
Standard spelling ''sibiryaki.'' Russian: Siberians.

'''Bratsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratsk Bratsk], located on the Angara River near the vast Bratsk Reservoir, is a city in Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russia.

'''Yeniseisk''' 
[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Yeniseisk,_Siberia_(Capital) Yeniseisk], on the right bank of the Yenisei, is a Siberian city 170 miles northwest of Krasnoyarsk, capital of the government of the same name.

'''embouchure''' 
French word denoting the conformation of the mouth (in speaking, playing the clarinet, etc.).

==Page 776==

'''Dorzhieff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agvan_Dorjiev Agvan Dorjiev] (1853/54–1938) was an ethnic Buriat who trained as a Buddhist monk in Tibet.He was one of the tutors of the 13th Dalai Lama and was his representative at the Russian court. He played a great role in the international political life, establishing various relations between Tibet and Russia. The British believed that Dorjiev had created the Shambala Russian myth. Ekai Kawaguchi, a Buddhist monk from Japan who visited Tibet at the turn of the 20th century, claimed to have heard of a pamphlet in which Dorjiev wrote “Shambhala was Russia. The Emperor, moreover, was an incarnation of Tsongkhapa, and would sooner or later subdue the whole world and found a gigantic Buddhist empire”. The religiously-based purpose of Agvan Dorjiev was the foundation of a Lamaist-oriented kingdom of the Tibetans and Mongols as a theocracy under the Dalai Lama ... [and] under the protection of Tsarist Russia ... In addition, among the Lamaists there existed the religiously grounded hope for help from a ‘Messianic Kingdom’ in the North ... called 'Northern Shambhala’. At the center of Dorjiev’s activities in Russia stood the construction of a three-dimensional mandala — the Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg. Regarding the décor, it is perhaps also of interest that there was a swastika motif which the Bolsheviks knocked out during the Second World War. Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg there was sufficient room for several lamas, who looked after the ritual life, to live on the grounds. Dorjiev had originally intended to triple the staffing and to construct not just a temple but also a whole monastery. This was prevented, however, by the intervention of the Russian Orthodox Church . Officially, the buddhist shrine was declared to be a place for the needs of the Buriat, Tuva, mongol ,and Kalmyk minorities in the capital. With regard to its occult functions it was a tantric mandala with which the Kalachakra system was to be transplanted into the West. From the lamas’ traditional point of view, founding a temple is seen as an act of spiritual occupation of a territory. Such sacred buildings as the Kalachakra temple in St. Petersburg are cosmograms which are employed by the lamas as magic seals in order to spiritually subjugate countries and peoples.

'''taiga''' 
Coniferous boreal forest; supports logging, trapping, hunting/gathering.

'''iron creatures of Agdy . . . their eyes flashing . . .''' 
"The Tungus have only one expression for the thunder - ''agdy''-, by which they also describe the old man, the lord of the thunder as well as all the thunderbirds that come down to earth and cause the thunder. The ''Agdy'' birds are as big as black grouses, are made of iron, and their eyes are fiery. The thunder arises from their flight above the earth and their eyes flash like lightning." (from a quotation in [http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/evenkiv.html Tungus eye-witnesses reports of Tunguska Event]).

'''Hindu fire-god Agni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agni Fire-god Agni] is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word ''Agni'' is Sanskrit for "fire". Agni is a messenger from and to the other gods. He is ever-young and immortal, because the fire is re-lit every day.

'''Ogdai Khan''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_765|page 765: Ogdai]].

==Page 777==

'''The Church of England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England The Church of England] is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the "mother" and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.

'''Shamanism''' 
Decentralized religion. The village shaman engaged in spirit travel and communicated with animals, ancestors, etc., for the benefit of the people, often using bizarrely excessive amounts of drugs.

'''The Cherokee''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee The Cherokee] are a people indigenous to North American, who at the time of European contact in the 16th century inhabited what is now the Eastern and Southeastern United States. Most were forcibly moved westward to the Ozark Plateua. They were one of the tribes referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes.

'''the Apache''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache The Apache] is the collective name for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the US. They formerly lived over eastern Arizona, north-western Mexico, New Mexico, parts of Texas.

'''the massacre of the Sioux Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee''' 
They were the largest and most important Indian tribe north of Mexico, with the exception of Chippewa, who, however, lack the solidarity of the Sioux. [http://www.indians.org/articles/sioux-indians.html The Sioux] actually came to North America from Asia about 30,000 years ago. The name Sioux means "little snake". They were generally nomadic, typically followed the pattern of the buffalo. [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/sioux-indians/sioux-indians.htm The Sioux Indians] occupied the vast domain extending from the Arkansas River, in the south, to the western tributary of Lake Winnipeg, in the north, and westward to the eastern slopes of the Rocky. The Sioux battled the white men and fought against the government in orer to keep their land. There was a general uprising in 1862. Later there were many more fierce armed conflicts involved the Sioux. One of the better known was ''The Battle of Little Big Horn'' on June 25, 1876, in which General Custer and all of his immediate command were killed. This was one of the most significant victories, led by [http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/bigfoor.htm Sitting Bull] (1831-1890), of the Indian Nations. 
A new Indian's religion that promised to rid the land of white people and restore the Indians' way of life evolved in 1880s-1890s as a reaction to the Indians being forced to submit to government authority and reservation life. The new religion was called [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost.html the Ghost Dance] by the white because of its ceremonial ritual dance and its precepts of resurrection and reunion with the dead. The Sioux were the most enthusiastic believers. But the Bureau of Indian Affairs banned the Ghost Dance feared that the swelling numbers of Ghost Dancers and believed that the ritual was a precusor to renwered Indian militancy and violent rebellion. The confrontation led to [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKmscr.html The Wounded Knee Massacre] on December 29, 1890 in which over 350 Ghost Dancers were slained. And this was the last major armed conflict between the Indian Nations and the US Government.

==Page 779==

'''A heavenwide blast of light''' 
It refers to the greatest cosmic impact of the century, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event the Tunguska Event], happened at 7:17 A.M. on June 30, 1908 near the Stony Tunguska River at Tunguska basin in central Siberia, Russia. With no warning, a small comet or meteor about 100 ft in diameter, coming from the direction of Western China and glowing with the heat of 5,000 degrees, hurtling through space about 3-6 miles above the Earth and exploded in the sky 40 miles north of Vanavara settlement by the Stony Tunguska. It was so powerful that the seismograph at Irkutsk, some 550 miles away, registered what looked like an earthquake. The impact had a force of 20 million tons of TNT, equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima bombs. It is estimated that 60-80 million trees were felled over an area of 830 square miless but left no obvious crater. If the explosion had occurred over St Petersburg hundreds of thousands of people would have been killed. But the Event occurred at such a remote and isolated location that no scientist bothered to investigate the "rumors" of the event for 13 years. (See also [http://www.unmuseum.org/siberia.htm Tunguska Event from UnMuseum].)
:Check your TV schedule for a History Channel special, ''Siberian Apocalypse,'' which presents old movie footage of Soviet explorations (my guess: re-enacted in the 1930s) and analyses by present-day scientists and UFOlogists, along with the usual Slo-Mo Channel animations repeated ad nauseam. The program ran on March 18, 2007. The best current information, according to a team from the University of Bologna, points to a stony asteroid (a "carbonaceous chondrite") that disintegrated some miles above the surface, leaving no fragments to be found but loading the local vegetation with elements not typical of the taiga.
:Two of the stranger hypotheses about the Event have special ''AtD'' connections. (1) The cosmic object was a chunk of antimatter, and the energy it released was due to annihilation when it came into contact with terrestrial matter (air). This would make the object, in a sense, [[ATD_57-80#Page_78|the Anti-Stone (p. 78).]] (2) The Event was the explosion produced by dissipation of a huge [[ATD_57-80#Page_73|ball lightning (p. 73).]] Both these notions are pretty remote, though, and the stony asteroid holds up better.

'''poods''' 
Russian measure of weight. One pood = 16.38 kilograms; 30 poods = 491 kg = 1081 pounds, pretty close to half a ton.

'''''ekipazh''''' 
Russian: crew, team.

'''''Právil'no''''' 
Russian: all ''right!''

'''Russian design philosophy''' 
. . . which is perpetuated in Soviet and Russian space technology.

'''Razvedka''' 
Russian: intelligence (in the military-political sense).

'''pogroms''' 
Terror campaigns, usually against Jews.

==Page 780==

'''Ofitser Nauchny''' 
Russian: science officer.

'''this Event''' 
The Tunguska Event. Cf 779: A heavenside blast of light.

'''''umnik''''' 
Russian: clever man.

'''General Sukhomlinoff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Sukhomlinov Vladimir Alexandrovich Sukhomlinoff] (1848-1926), Russian cavalry officer, Chief of General Staff 1908-9, Minister of War 1909-15, imprisoned 1917-18 for failure to prepare the Russian Army for World War, emigrated to Finland and then to Germany.

'''''Zi!''''' 
Might be an error. "Wait" in the imperative mode is ''zhdi'' or ''podozhdi'' in Russian.

'''butterfly . . . angel''' 
The description of the damage pattern is accurate; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event.]

==Page 781==

'''''zastolye''''' 
Russian: group of regulars.

'''''Khuy''''' 
Impolite Russian: cock!

'''Bezumyoff''' 
The name derives from Russian ''bezumets'': madman.

'''''vseznaǐka''''' 
Russian: as translated in text. In keeping with the sources he must have used—many of them contemporary—Pynchon applies a bewildering assortment of rules in transliterating Russian words.

'''"potentially a hole in the earth"''' 
One of the theories regarding the real Tungaska Event is that a small black hole entered the earth. Flaw in theory: an exit has never been found. See Wikipedia ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''. . . ''at any moment'', directly beneath St Petersburg . . .''' 
"According to the Guinness Book of World Records (1966 edition), if the collision had occurred 4 hours 47 minutes later, it would have wiped out St. Petersburg, the starting point of the Bolshevik revolution." See (Wikipedia article, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''Tsarskoe Selo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarskoe_Selo Tsarskoe Selo], ''Tsar's Village'', was the "country" home of the Russian Tsars. It is now part of the town of Pushkin about 15 miles south from the center of St.Petersburg.

==Page 782==

'''...to reaffrm allegiance to its limits, including mortality...''' 
That is, to reaffirm the allegiance of the inhabitants of this world to the "something's" limits, remind Man of mortality and transcendent laws and limits.

'''''Nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing.

'''Vanavara''' 
[http://www.evenkya.ru/eng/?id=obsh&sid=admterdel&ssid=41 Vanavara] is the adminstrative center, a settlement with a population of 3,000, of Tungusko-Chunsky region. It is situated on the right bank of the Stony Tunguska river. Vanavara was 40 miles south of the Tunguska Event blast center.

'''Transfinitum''' 
Cantor's mathematical concept of transfinite numbers, indefinitely large but distinct from one another.

==Page 783==

'''''dungur''''' 
A ''dungur'' is a shamanic drum.

'''homeopathic echoes to protect from its return''' 
The homeopathic principle is that small doses of what kills will cure or prevent; drumming prevents return of the huge sound.

==Page 784==

'''Raskol'niki''' 
Russian: schismatics, dissenters. Raskol'nikov in ''Crime and Punishment'' derives his name from this word.

'''Tchernobyl . . . Wormwood''' 
Now rendered more commonly as Chernobyl (Russian), Chornobyl (Ukrainian). 
Wormwood, a star that falls onto the Earth poisoning the fresh water sources per Book of Revelation 8:10-11. 
Dostoyevsky explores Tchenobyl/Wormwood, the meaning of the Book of Revelation in ''The Idiot.''

'''Reindeer discovered again their ancient powers of flight, which had lapsed over the centuries since humans had invaded the North. Some were stimulated by the accompanying radiation into an epidermal luminescence at the red end of the spectrum, particularly around the nasal area.''' 
In other words, Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer and his airborne squadron mates. Seriously: magic and the possibility of change is reintroduced into the world.

'''heat . . . tended to flow unpredictably''' 
The Laws of Thermodynamics have taken a brief holiday.

'''Old Slavonic''' 
Or Old Church Slavonic; liturgical language of Russian Orthodox Church, closely related to Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Serbian (Tesla's father was a Serbian priest who worked in this language).

==Page 785==

'''''izba''''' 
Russian: hut.

'''Ssagan''' 
In Burkhanism, a Russian religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region between 1904 and the 1930s, Ak-Burkhan ("White Burkhan) is a deity who is depicted as an old man with white hair, a white coat, and white headgear, who rides a white horse, and is possibly analogous to the Mongolian "white old man," Tsagan Ebugen. The Buryat language (or Buriat) is a Mongolic language spoken by the Buryats of Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism]

Sacred white reindeer parallels Native American's reverence for white buffalos.

==Page 786==

'''the Sayan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayan_Mountains The Sayan] is a mountain range in southern Siberia. The eastern Sauan extends 600 miles from the Yenisei to the southwest end of Lake Baikal, and the western Sayan forms the eastern continuation of the Altay Mountains.

'''Tannu-Ola''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannu-Ola_Mountains The Tannu-Ola] mountain range is in southern Siberia extending east-west direction and curves along the Mongolian border.

'''Tuva''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuva Tuva] is located in extreme southern Siberia bordering with Mongolia. Its eastern part is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland.

'''if a fellow was going to come riding in anywhere on a white reindeer''' 
Suggestive of Jesus riding an ass into Jerusalem

'''an unearthly gutteral singing''' 
Overtone singing, also known as throat singing, overtone chanting, or harmonic singing, is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances created as air travels from the lungs... The best-known of the traditional forms comes from Tuva... Ethnomusicologists studying throat singing in these areas mark (it) as an integral part in the ancient pastoral animism that is still practised today. (Wikipedia) 
It is unearthly and fascinating. Tuvan throat singing can be seen and heard in the movie "Genghis Blues," a documentary about American musician Paul Pena's trip to Tuva to compete in a throat singing contest.

'''"borbanngadyr"''' 
throat singing..like a flute: from the context.

'''"the heart of Earth" 
'''"all's I see's a bunch of sheep" 
'''"Exactly." 
This is Shambhala. Sheep may safely graze.

==Page 787==

'''the Wheel of Life''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavacakra The Wheel of Life] is a complex symbolic representation of "continuous movement" in the form of a circle, used primarily in Tibetan Buddhism. "Continuous movement", ''samsāra'', is the continuous cycle of birth, life, and death from which one liberates oneself through enlightenment.

'''"Are you kind deities? or wrathful deities?"''' 
Here the interaction between Prance and the Chums of Chance resembles that between Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, and Dorothy Gale in the 1939 film [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 The Wizard of Oz.] After descending from the sky in a pink bubble and encountering Dorothy in Munchkinland, Glinda asks "Are you a good witch or a bad witch?" Dorothy replies that she's not a witch at all, just as Randolph St. Cosmo replies that the Chums "endeavor to be kind." Darby's reference to Bo Peep seems Munchkinlandian too, as Glinda is a sort of shepherd to the Munchkins themselves. --[[User:Jpicco|Jpicco]]

'''"Bo Peep" 
she who has lost her sheep, as in the rhyme.

'''"Never work,", muttered Darby. "They'll squash you like bugs." 
Darby, now a lawyer, now cynical, presents the archetypal response to
Prance's visiting " deities" as in classic sci-fi books and movies.

'''the Tengyur''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_766|page 766: Tengyur]].

==Page 788==

'''band of''' '''''brodyagi''''' 
This entire passage is a reference to ''Don Quixote'', namely the incident with Gines de Pasamonte and the galley slaves. In ''Don Quixote'', Gines acts as a metafictional representation of Cervantes, as well as a symbol of the author/writer. Here, Topor acts as Gines, representing TRP (notice the name similarity). The hallucinogenic mushrooms represent the ''Quixote''--with a two part narrative, the first pleasant and wonderous, the second full of horrors--as well as AtD and novels, generally. The urine-drinking seems to be a crack at literary critics and literature fans who write about books and read what others write--essentially, drinking each other's urine: the after-products of the consumption of books. --[[User:Specklebelly|Specklebelly]]

'''''brodyagi''''' 
Russian: tramps.

'''"Topor"''' 
Russian: The Ax.

'''fusel oils''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_756|page 756: fusel oils]]. 
Toxic byproducts of fermentation, sometimes still present in bad liquor.

'''strange mottled red mushrooms''' 
''Amanita muscaria'', an hallucinogenic mushroom. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_muscaria Wikipedia entry].

'''drank one another's urine''' 
Shamanistic practice also observed in some "mystery" religions. The person who ingests the drug partly metabolizes it and excretes it; followers can get a, hrmm, watered-down dose by drinking his urine.

==Page 789==

'''''brodyagi''''' 
See page 788.

'''Christian propaganda mill down south''' 
A college?

'''Pacific Coast League''' 
Minor league (Triple-A) baseball league that at the time was the only professional baseball league west of St. Louis. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League Wikipedia entry].

Perhaps Colfax Vibe has become Sandy Koufax, pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1960's.

'''barmaid from Oakland''' 
Oakland has a Pacific Coast Brewing Company with some very sweet barmaids.

==Page 790==

'''the wilderness Creature that feeds on all other creatures . . .''' 
Described by Captain Padzhitnoff on p.124

'''Krasnoyarsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk], the third largest city in Siberia, is on the Yenisei River upstream of Yeniseisk. It is an important junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway.

'''arival''' 
Misspelling of ''arrival.''

'''remittance man''' 
A man living on remittances, i.e. family funds from home, a trust fund, etc. It is also time to note that a Fleetwood is a model of Cadillac.

==Page 791==

'''the Vormance people''' 
The Vormance polar expedition was mentioned on page 130 and elsewhere.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 768-791

2007-06-14T19:24:58Z

Cal: /* Page 786 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 768==

'''fourteeners''' 
Affectionate name applied by Coloradans to mountain peaks 14,000 feet (approx. 4200 m) high.

'''Lake Baikal''' 

Another bi-location: one world out here, another reflected one in the lake.

Photos of Lake Baikal: [http://angara.net/photo/album/122] & [http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/lakebaikal/]

An Article on the Oddities of Lake Baikal: [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF9/986.html] 

Wikipedia Entry: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Baikal]

==Page 769==

'''Mount Kailash''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_437|page 437: Mount Kailash]].

'''Tengri Khan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Tengri Tengri Khan] is a mountain, the second-highest peak (23,000 ft) of the Tian Shan mountain range.

'''a maze of slot canyons''' 
The ground is crumpled rather like Kovalevskaia's handkerchief on page 634.

==Page 770==

'''stand before the Gate . . . Kit looked up . . .''' 
See the picture here: Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Tushuk Tash]].

'''followed by the whizzing sound''' 
As the impact of the V-2 was in ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

==Page 771==

'''You are released''' 
Echoes ''Ite, missa est'' on page 668.

'''samovars . . . gasping and puffing''' 
Samovar: a double urn containing a large amount of hot water and a small amount of super-strong tea. Passengers mixed their own to taste. The hot-water urn (the samovar proper) was in fact a small charcoal boiler; there ''was'' much steam. Many Russian railroad cars had samovars.

'''Ak-su''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksu_City Ak-su] (White Water) is a city in Xinjiang, China. It is located in the Southern foothills of Tian Shan. The economy of Ak-su is mostly agricultural, with cotton, in particular the long-staple cotton, as the main product.

'''Kucha''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucha Kucha] is a city in Xinjiang. It was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Takalmakan desert in the Tarim Basin.

'''Korla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korla Korla], also spelled as Kurla, is a city south of Karashahr. The Iron Gate Pass, 4 miles north of the city, played an important part in protecting the ancient Silk Road from rading nomads from the north.

'''Karasahr''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karasahr Karasahr] (Black City) is located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan desert.

'''nephrite''' 
Fibrous silicate mineral, one of the constituents of jade.

'''Turfan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turfan Turfan] is an oasis city located about 90 miles southeast of Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang, China, in a mountain basin on the northern side of the Turfan Depression. Even though it has only 0.9 inch rainfall per year, Turfan has long been the center of a fertile oasis, producing great quatities of high-quality fruits, and an imprtant trade center.

'''Flaming Mountains''' 
[http://www.chinaetravel.com/attraction/att27c.html Flaming Mountains] are red sandstone hills on the northern edge of the Turfan Basin. The red of the hills has been likened to burning flames, and temperatures often reach a sweltering 130° F. The Mountains were made famous by the 16th-century Chinese classic novel ''Journey to the West''.

'''the Sangre de Cristos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains The Sangre de Cristos] (Blood of Christ) are the southermost subrange of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

==Page 772==
'''the ancient kingdom of Khocho . . . to be the historical Shambhala''' 
Dr Edwin Bernbaum, a Research Associate of the University of California, Berkeley, claimed, in his book [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] (1980, 2001), that Shambhala is not in the Himalayas, but far to the north, in the Turfan Depression, "Established by the Uighurs, a Turkish perople, around 850, the kingdom of Khocho flourished for four hundred years as a remarkable oasis of culture and learning. A predominantly Buddhist country, with numerous monasteries, it also had active centers of Manicheanism and Nestorian Christianity . . . At the time the ''Kalackra'' appreared in India, the kingdom of Khocho probably possessed the most advanced civilization of any country in Central Asia. Well-irrigated fields and orchards produced enough surplus food to allow the Uighurs to run welfare programs for the poor. Living together in peaceful harmony, people of different races, relgions and languages stimulated each other's thought and culture. Paintings found in the ruins of Turfan show houses built in the Chinese style, men and women dressed in embroidered silk, and a chamber ensemble complete with harps, guitar, and flutes. Even the Chinese, the most fastidious connoisseurs of culture, were impressed by the grace of Uihur society." (pp.42-43)

Bernbaum's [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] is an excellent resource and a likely backgrounder for Pynchon when writing about Shambhala in ''Against the Day''.

'''Urumchi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi Urumchi] or Ürümqi, is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. With a population of 2.1 million (75% are Han Chinese) and located in the northwest of the country, it is the largest city in the western half of China. Ürümqi is the most remote city from any sea in the world at a distance of about 1,400 miles from the nearest coastline.

'''lowlands of Dzungaria''' 
A region of 300,000 sq mi in Xinjiang, NW China. It is a largely steppe and semidesert basin surrounded by high mountains: the Tian Shan in the south and the Altai in the north. Urumchi and Yining are the main cities with other smaller oasis towns dot the piedmont areas. The region passed to the Chinese only in the mid-18th century.

==Page 773==

'''Lake Zaisan''' 
Lake Zaisan, in Russian Central Asia near the Chinese border, is located in an open valley between the Altai range on the northeast and the Tarbagatai on the south at an altitude of 1,355 ft.

'''The Irtysh . . . the Ob''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irtysh_River The Irtysh] is the chief tributary of the Ob which is a major river in western Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob_river The Ob] is Russia's fourth longest river. The Ob-Irtysh form a major basin in Asia, encompassing most of western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.

'''Novosibirsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk Novosibirsk] lies along the Ob river in the West Siberian Plain. It is Russia's 3rd largest city, after Moscow and St.Petersubrg. It was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the Ob. In early 20th century the Turkestan-Siberia Railway, connecting Novosibirsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea, was completed.

'''The Paris of Siberia''' 
By 1900 Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 763: Irkutsk]]) had been nicknamed as such.

'''''kupechestvo''''' 
Russian: the merchant community.

'''Glaskovsk''' 
A suburb in Irkutsk across the Irkut river.

==Page 774==

'''Club Golomyanka''' 
A golomyanka is a viviparous fish of the perch family, unique to Lake Baikal.

'''NAUSHNIKI''' 
As translated in the text.

'''1895 model Nagant revolver''' 
[http://world.guns.ru/handguns/hg102-e.htm Nagant revolver] was designed in Belgium by Nagant brothers in the late 1880s and was adopted by numerous countries. The major user and manufacturer was Russia which adopted it in 1895.

'''British gold sovereigns''' 
The world's most popular gold coins, [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/firstsovereign.html British gold sovereign] first came to existence in 1489 under Henry VII. There was a major change in 1816 for the so-called Modern Soverign which are continure to the present day. It has a value of one pound sterling (but with a much higher trading market value) and is made of 15.55 grams of standard gold coinage alloy of 23 carat, equal to 95.83% pure gold. (Another source [http://www.onlygold.com/Coins/BritishSovereignsFullScreen.asp British gold sovereigns2] said they have a 91.7% gold.)

==Page 775==

'''Tower Hill''' 
[http://www.royalmint.com/RoyalMint/web/site/Corporate/AboutUs/History/TowerHill.asp The Royal Mint at Tower Hill], London, between 1812-1968. Now the Royal mint is at Liantrisant (10 miles west of Cardiff), Wales.

'''Young Vic''' 
Image of young Queen Victoria on the British sovereign (1 pound) piece. The first portrait for Queen Victoria was the "Youg Head", which was used on sovereigns from 1838 to 1887 inclusive. For a picture for this coin see [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/heads.html Victoria Young Head].

'''Upper Tunguska, Stony Tunguska, Lower Tunguska''' 
They are the three eastern tributaries of the Yenisei River in Siberia. They cut across the swampy forests of east-central Siberia, draining the Tunguska Basin. Furthest north is the Lower Tunguska (1,590 mile long). The Stony Tunguska (980 mile long) rises west of the headwaters of the Lower Tunguska. The Upper Tunguska is the name given to the lower course of the Angara and it joins the Yenisei at Strelka. The area of the three rivers is the home of the Tungus. ([http://www.bartelby.com/65/tu/Tunguska.html Tunguska]).

'''the Ilimpiya''' 
Presumably the Ilimpeya River, a left-bank tributary of the Lower Tunguska, is named for them.

:It refers to the Tungus people from the Ilimpiya river.

'''the Shanyagir''' 
A clan of the Tungus people who lives along the Stony Tunguska.

'''Magyakan''' 
Shaman of the Ilimpiya clan, also spelled Magankan. His greatest feat was summoning a huge flock of ''agdi'', the birds made of iron that produce the thunder, for the explosion over the land of the Shanyagir clan. It flattened nearly a thousand square miles of forest and started a fire that burned for weeks, sending ash so high that it circled the Northern Hemisphere, making sunsets bright. See [http://www.answers.com/topic/shaman shaman].

'''''siberyaki''''' 
Standard spelling ''sibiryaki.'' Russian: Siberians.

'''Bratsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratsk Bratsk], located on the Angara River near the vast Bratsk Reservoir, is a city in Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russia.

'''Yeniseisk''' 
[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Yeniseisk,_Siberia_(Capital) Yeniseisk], on the right bank of the Yenisei, is a Siberian city 170 miles northwest of Krasnoyarsk, capital of the government of the same name.

'''embouchure''' 
French word denoting the conformation of the mouth (in speaking, playing the clarinet, etc.).

==Page 776==

'''Dorzhieff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agvan_Dorjiev Agvan Dorjiev] (1853/54–1938) was an ethnic Buriat who trained as a Buddhist monk in Tibet.He was one of the tutors of the 13th Dalai Lama and was his representative at the Russian court. He played a great role in the international political life, establishing various relations between Tibet and Russia. The British believed that Dorjiev had created the Shambala Russian myth. Ekai Kawaguchi, a Buddhist monk from Japan who visited Tibet at the turn of the 20th century, claimed to have heard of a pamphlet in which Dorjiev wrote “Shambhala was Russia. The Emperor, moreover, was an incarnation of Tsongkhapa, and would sooner or later subdue the whole world and found a gigantic Buddhist empire”. The religiously-based purpose of Agvan Dorjiev was the foundation of a Lamaist-oriented kingdom of the Tibetans and Mongols as a theocracy under the Dalai Lama ... [and] under the protection of Tsarist Russia ... In addition, among the Lamaists there existed the religiously grounded hope for help from a ‘Messianic Kingdom’ in the North ... called 'Northern Shambhala’. At the center of Dorjiev’s activities in Russia stood the construction of a three-dimensional mandala — the Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg. Regarding the décor, it is perhaps also of interest that there was a swastika motif which the Bolsheviks knocked out during the Second World War. Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg there was sufficient room for several lamas, who looked after the ritual life, to live on the grounds. Dorjiev had originally intended to triple the staffing and to construct not just a temple but also a whole monastery. This was prevented, however, by the intervention of the Russian Orthodox Church . Officially, the buddhist shrine was declared to be a place for the needs of the Buriat, Tuva, mongol ,and Kalmyk minorities in the capital. With regard to its occult functions it was a tantric mandala with which the Kalachakra system was to be transplanted into the West. From the lamas’ traditional point of view, founding a temple is seen as an act of spiritual occupation of a territory. Such sacred buildings as the Kalachakra temple in St. Petersburg are cosmograms which are employed by the lamas as magic seals in order to spiritually subjugate countries and peoples.

'''taiga''' 
Coniferous boreal forest; supports logging, trapping, hunting/gathering.

'''iron creatures of Agdy . . . their eyes flashing . . .''' 
"The Tungus have only one expression for the thunder - ''agdy''-, by which they also describe the old man, the lord of the thunder as well as all the thunderbirds that come down to earth and cause the thunder. The ''Agdy'' birds are as big as black grouses, are made of iron, and their eyes are fiery. The thunder arises from their flight above the earth and their eyes flash like lightning." (from a quotation in [http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/evenkiv.html Tungus eye-witnesses reports of Tunguska Event]).

'''Hindu fire-god Agni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agni Fire-god Agni] is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word ''Agni'' is Sanskrit for "fire". Agni is a messenger from and to the other gods. He is ever-young and immortal, because the fire is re-lit every day.

'''Ogdai Khan''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_765|page 765: Ogdai]].

==Page 777==

'''The Church of England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England The Church of England] is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the "mother" and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.

'''Shamanism''' 
Decentralized religion. The village shaman engaged in spirit travel and communicated with animals, ancestors, etc., for the benefit of the people, often using bizarrely excessive amounts of drugs.

'''The Cherokee''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee The Cherokee] are a people indigenous to North American, who at the time of European contact in the 16th century inhabited what is now the Eastern and Southeastern United States. Most were forcibly moved westward to the Ozark Plateua. They were one of the tribes referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes.

'''the Apache''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache The Apache] is the collective name for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the US. They formerly lived over eastern Arizona, north-western Mexico, New Mexico, parts of Texas.

'''the massacre of the Sioux Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee''' 
They were the largest and most important Indian tribe north of Mexico, with the exception of Chippewa, who, however, lack the solidarity of the Sioux. [http://www.indians.org/articles/sioux-indians.html The Sioux] actually came to North America from Asia about 30,000 years ago. The name Sioux means "little snake". They were generally nomadic, typically followed the pattern of the buffalo. [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/sioux-indians/sioux-indians.htm The Sioux Indians] occupied the vast domain extending from the Arkansas River, in the south, to the western tributary of Lake Winnipeg, in the north, and westward to the eastern slopes of the Rocky. The Sioux battled the white men and fought against the government in orer to keep their land. There was a general uprising in 1862. Later there were many more fierce armed conflicts involved the Sioux. One of the better known was ''The Battle of Little Big Horn'' on June 25, 1876, in which General Custer and all of his immediate command were killed. This was one of the most significant victories, led by [http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/bigfoor.htm Sitting Bull] (1831-1890), of the Indian Nations. 
A new Indian's religion that promised to rid the land of white people and restore the Indians' way of life evolved in 1880s-1890s as a reaction to the Indians being forced to submit to government authority and reservation life. The new religion was called [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost.html the Ghost Dance] by the white because of its ceremonial ritual dance and its precepts of resurrection and reunion with the dead. The Sioux were the most enthusiastic believers. But the Bureau of Indian Affairs banned the Ghost Dance feared that the swelling numbers of Ghost Dancers and believed that the ritual was a precusor to renwered Indian militancy and violent rebellion. The confrontation led to [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKmscr.html The Wounded Knee Massacre] on December 29, 1890 in which over 350 Ghost Dancers were slained. And this was the last major armed conflict between the Indian Nations and the US Government.

==Page 779==

'''A heavenwide blast of light''' 
It refers to the greatest cosmic impact of the century, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event the Tunguska Event], happened at 7:17 A.M. on June 30, 1908 near the Stony Tunguska River at Tunguska basin in central Siberia, Russia. With no warning, a small comet or meteor about 100 ft in diameter, coming from the direction of Western China and glowing with the heat of 5,000 degrees, hurtling through space about 3-6 miles above the Earth and exploded in the sky 40 miles north of Vanavara settlement by the Stony Tunguska. It was so powerful that the seismograph at Irkutsk, some 550 miles away, registered what looked like an earthquake. The impact had a force of 20 million tons of TNT, equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima bombs. It is estimated that 60-80 million trees were felled over an area of 830 square miless but left no obvious crater. If the explosion had occurred over St Petersburg hundreds of thousands of people would have been killed. But the Event occurred at such a remote and isolated location that no scientist bothered to investigate the "rumors" of the event for 13 years. (See also [http://www.unmuseum.org/siberia.htm Tunguska Event from UnMuseum].)
:Check your TV schedule for a History Channel special, ''Siberian Apocalypse,'' which presents old movie footage of Soviet explorations (my guess: re-enacted in the 1930s) and analyses by present-day scientists and UFOlogists, along with the usual Slo-Mo Channel animations repeated ad nauseam. The program ran on March 18, 2007. The best current information, according to a team from the University of Bologna, points to a stony asteroid (a "carbonaceous chondrite") that disintegrated some miles above the surface, leaving no fragments to be found but loading the local vegetation with elements not typical of the taiga.
:Two of the stranger hypotheses about the Event have special ''AtD'' connections. (1) The cosmic object was a chunk of antimatter, and the energy it released was due to annihilation when it came into contact with terrestrial matter (air). This would make the object, in a sense, [[ATD_57-80#Page_78|the Anti-Stone (p. 78).]] (2) The Event was the explosion produced by dissipation of a huge [[ATD_57-80#Page_73|ball lightning (p. 73).]] Both these notions are pretty remote, though, and the stony asteroid holds up better.

'''poods''' 
Russian measure of weight. One pood = 16.38 kilograms; 30 poods = 491 kg = 1081 pounds, pretty close to half a ton.

'''''ekipazh''''' 
Russian: crew, team.

'''''Právil'no''''' 
Russian: all ''right!''

'''Russian design philosophy''' 
. . . which is perpetuated in Soviet and Russian space technology.

'''Razvedka''' 
Russian: intelligence (in the military-political sense).

'''pogroms''' 
Terror campaigns, usually against Jews.

==Page 780==

'''Ofitser Nauchny''' 
Russian: science officer.

'''this Event''' 
The Tunguska Event. Cf 779: A heavenside blast of light.

'''''umnik''''' 
Russian: clever man.

'''General Sukhomlinoff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Sukhomlinov Vladimir Alexandrovich Sukhomlinoff] (1848-1926), Russian cavalry officer, Chief of General Staff 1908-9, Minister of War 1909-15, imprisoned 1917-18 for failure to prepare the Russian Army for World War, emigrated to Finland and then to Germany.

'''''Zi!''''' 
Might be an error. "Wait" in the imperative mode is ''zhdi'' or ''podozhdi'' in Russian.

'''butterfly . . . angel''' 
The description of the damage pattern is accurate; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event.]

==Page 781==

'''''zastolye''''' 
Russian: group of regulars.

'''''Khuy''''' 
Impolite Russian: cock!

'''Bezumyoff''' 
The name derives from Russian ''bezumets'': madman.

'''''vseznaǐka''''' 
Russian: as translated in text. In keeping with the sources he must have used—many of them contemporary—Pynchon applies a bewildering assortment of rules in transliterating Russian words.

'''"potentially a hole in the earth"''' 
One of the theories regarding the real Tungaska Event is that a small black hole entered the earth. Flaw in theory: an exit has never been found. See Wikipedia ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''. . . ''at any moment'', directly beneath St Petersburg . . .''' 
"According to the Guinness Book of World Records (1966 edition), if the collision had occurred 4 hours 47 minutes later, it would have wiped out St. Petersburg, the starting point of the Bolshevik revolution." See (Wikipedia article, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''Tsarskoe Selo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarskoe_Selo Tsarskoe Selo], ''Tsar's Village'', was the "country" home of the Russian Tsars. It is now part of the town of Pushkin about 15 miles south from the center of St.Petersburg.

==Page 782==

'''...to reaffrm allegiance to its limits, including mortality...''' 
That is, to reaffirm the allegiance of the inhabitants of this world to the "something's" limits, remind Man of mortality and transcendent laws and limits.

'''''Nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing.

'''Vanavara''' 
[http://www.evenkya.ru/eng/?id=obsh&sid=admterdel&ssid=41 Vanavara] is the adminstrative center, a settlement with a population of 3,000, of Tungusko-Chunsky region. It is situated on the right bank of the Stony Tunguska river. Vanavara was 40 miles south of the Tunguska Event blast center.

'''Transfinitum''' 
Cantor's mathematical concept of transfinite numbers, indefinitely large but distinct from one another.

==Page 783==

'''''dungur''''' 
A ''dungur'' is a shamanic drum.

'''homeopathic echoes to protect from its return''' 
The homeopathic principle is that small doses of what kills will cure or prevent; drumming prevents return of the huge sound.

==Page 784==

'''Raskol'niki''' 
Russian: schismatics, dissenters. Raskol'nikov in ''Crime and Punishment'' derives his name from this word.

'''Tchernobyl . . . Wormwood''' 
Now rendered more commonly as Chernobyl (Russian), Chornobyl (Ukrainian). 
Wormwood, a star that falls onto the Earth poisoning the fresh water sources per Book of Revelation 8:10-11. 
Dostoyevsky explores Tchenobyl/Wormwood, the meaning of the Book of Revelation in ''The Idiot.''

'''Reindeer discovered again their ancient powers of flight, which had lapsed over the centuries since humans had invaded the North. Some were stimulated by the accompanying radiation into an epidermal luminescence at the red end of the spectrum, particularly around the nasal area.''' 
In other words, Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer and his airborne squadron mates. Seriously: magic and the possibility of change is reintroduced into the world.

'''heat . . . tended to flow unpredictably''' 
The Laws of Thermodynamics have taken a brief holiday.

'''Old Slavonic''' 
Or Old Church Slavonic; liturgical language of Russian Orthodox Church, closely related to Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Serbian (Tesla's father was a Serbian priest who worked in this language).

==Page 785==

'''''izba''''' 
Russian: hut.

'''Ssagan''' 
In Burkhanism, a Russian religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region between 1904 and the 1930s, Ak-Burkhan ("White Burkhan) is a deity who is depicted as an old man with white hair, a white coat, and white headgear, who rides a white horse, and is possibly analogous to the Mongolian "white old man," Tsagan Ebugen. The Buryat language (or Buriat) is a Mongolic language spoken by the Buryats of Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism]

Sacred white reindeer parallels Native American's reverence for white buffalos.

==Page 786==

'''the Sayan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayan_Mountains The Sayan] is a mountain range in southern Siberia. The eastern Sauan extends 600 miles from the Yenisei to the southwest end of Lake Baikal, and the western Sayan forms the eastern continuation of the Altay Mountains.

'''Tannu-Ola''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannu-Ola_Mountains The Tannu-Ola] mountain range is in southern Siberia extending east-west direction and curves along the Mongolian border.

'''Tuva''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuva Tuva] is located in extreme southern Siberia bordering with Mongolia. Its eastern part is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland.

'''if a fellow was going to come riding in anywhere on a white reindeer''' 
Suggestive of Jesus riding an ass into Jerusalem

'''an unearthly gutteral singing''' 
Overtone singing, also known as throat singing, overtone chanting, or harmonic singing, is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances created as air travels from the lungs... The best-known of the traditional forms comes from Tuva... Ethnomusicologists studying throat singing in these areas mark (it) as an integral part in the ancient pastoral animism that is still practised today. (Wikipedia) 
It is unearthly and fascinating. Tuvan throat singing can be seen and heard in the movie "Genghis Blues," a documentary about an American musician Paul Pena's trip to Tuva to compete in a throat singing contest.

'''"borbanngadyr"''' 
throat singing..like a flute: from the context.

'''"the heart of Earth" 
'''"all's I see's a bunch of sheep" 
'''"Exactly." 
This is Shambhala. Sheep may safely graze.

==Page 787==

'''the Wheel of Life''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavacakra The Wheel of Life] is a complex symbolic representation of "continuous movement" in the form of a circle, used primarily in Tibetan Buddhism. "Continuous movement", ''samsāra'', is the continuous cycle of birth, life, and death from which one liberates oneself through enlightenment.

'''"Are you kind deities? or wrathful deities?"''' 
Here the interaction between Prance and the Chums of Chance resembles that between Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, and Dorothy Gale in the 1939 film [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 The Wizard of Oz.] After descending from the sky in a pink bubble and encountering Dorothy in Munchkinland, Glinda asks "Are you a good witch or a bad witch?" Dorothy replies that she's not a witch at all, just as Randolph St. Cosmo replies that the Chums "endeavor to be kind." Darby's reference to Bo Peep seems Munchkinlandian too, as Glinda is a sort of shepherd to the Munchkins themselves. --[[User:Jpicco|Jpicco]]

'''"Bo Peep" 
she who has lost her sheep, as in the rhyme.

'''"Never work,", muttered Darby. "They'll squash you like bugs." 
Darby, now a lawyer, now cynical, presents the archetypal response to
Prance's visiting " deities" as in classic sci-fi books and movies.

'''the Tengyur''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_766|page 766: Tengyur]].

==Page 788==

'''band of''' '''''brodyagi''''' 
This entire passage is a reference to ''Don Quixote'', namely the incident with Gines de Pasamonte and the galley slaves. In ''Don Quixote'', Gines acts as a metafictional representation of Cervantes, as well as a symbol of the author/writer. Here, Topor acts as Gines, representing TRP (notice the name similarity). The hallucinogenic mushrooms represent the ''Quixote''--with a two part narrative, the first pleasant and wonderous, the second full of horrors--as well as AtD and novels, generally. The urine-drinking seems to be a crack at literary critics and literature fans who write about books and read what others write--essentially, drinking each other's urine: the after-products of the consumption of books. --[[User:Specklebelly|Specklebelly]]

'''''brodyagi''''' 
Russian: tramps.

'''"Topor"''' 
Russian: The Ax.

'''fusel oils''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_756|page 756: fusel oils]]. 
Toxic byproducts of fermentation, sometimes still present in bad liquor.

'''strange mottled red mushrooms''' 
''Amanita muscaria'', an hallucinogenic mushroom. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_muscaria Wikipedia entry].

'''drank one another's urine''' 
Shamanistic practice also observed in some "mystery" religions. The person who ingests the drug partly metabolizes it and excretes it; followers can get a, hrmm, watered-down dose by drinking his urine.

==Page 789==

'''''brodyagi''''' 
See page 788.

'''Christian propaganda mill down south''' 
A college?

'''Pacific Coast League''' 
Minor league (Triple-A) baseball league that at the time was the only professional baseball league west of St. Louis. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League Wikipedia entry].

Perhaps Colfax Vibe has become Sandy Koufax, pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1960's.

'''barmaid from Oakland''' 
Oakland has a Pacific Coast Brewing Company with some very sweet barmaids.

==Page 790==

'''the wilderness Creature that feeds on all other creatures . . .''' 
Described by Captain Padzhitnoff on p.124

'''Krasnoyarsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk], the third largest city in Siberia, is on the Yenisei River upstream of Yeniseisk. It is an important junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway.

'''arival''' 
Misspelling of ''arrival.''

'''remittance man''' 
A man living on remittances, i.e. family funds from home, a trust fund, etc. It is also time to note that a Fleetwood is a model of Cadillac.

==Page 791==

'''the Vormance people''' 
The Vormance polar expedition was mentioned on page 130 and elsewhere.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 768-791

2007-06-14T19:23:27Z

Cal: /* Page 786 */ added entry on Tuvan throat singing

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 768==

'''fourteeners''' 
Affectionate name applied by Coloradans to mountain peaks 14,000 feet (approx. 4200 m) high.

'''Lake Baikal''' 

Another bi-location: one world out here, another reflected one in the lake.

Photos of Lake Baikal: [http://angara.net/photo/album/122] & [http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/lakebaikal/]

An Article on the Oddities of Lake Baikal: [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF9/986.html] 

Wikipedia Entry: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Baikal]

==Page 769==

'''Mount Kailash''' 
Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page_437|page 437: Mount Kailash]].

'''Tengri Khan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Tengri Tengri Khan] is a mountain, the second-highest peak (23,000 ft) of the Tian Shan mountain range.

'''a maze of slot canyons''' 
The ground is crumpled rather like Kovalevskaia's handkerchief on page 634.

==Page 770==

'''stand before the Gate . . . Kit looked up . . .''' 
See the picture here: Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Tushuk Tash]].

'''followed by the whizzing sound''' 
As the impact of the V-2 was in ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

==Page 771==

'''You are released''' 
Echoes ''Ite, missa est'' on page 668.

'''samovars . . . gasping and puffing''' 
Samovar: a double urn containing a large amount of hot water and a small amount of super-strong tea. Passengers mixed their own to taste. The hot-water urn (the samovar proper) was in fact a small charcoal boiler; there ''was'' much steam. Many Russian railroad cars had samovars.

'''Ak-su''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksu_City Ak-su] (White Water) is a city in Xinjiang, China. It is located in the Southern foothills of Tian Shan. The economy of Ak-su is mostly agricultural, with cotton, in particular the long-staple cotton, as the main product.

'''Kucha''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucha Kucha] is a city in Xinjiang. It was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Takalmakan desert in the Tarim Basin.

'''Korla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korla Korla], also spelled as Kurla, is a city south of Karashahr. The Iron Gate Pass, 4 miles north of the city, played an important part in protecting the ancient Silk Road from rading nomads from the north.

'''Karasahr''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karasahr Karasahr] (Black City) is located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan desert.

'''nephrite''' 
Fibrous silicate mineral, one of the constituents of jade.

'''Turfan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turfan Turfan] is an oasis city located about 90 miles southeast of Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang, China, in a mountain basin on the northern side of the Turfan Depression. Even though it has only 0.9 inch rainfall per year, Turfan has long been the center of a fertile oasis, producing great quatities of high-quality fruits, and an imprtant trade center.

'''Flaming Mountains''' 
[http://www.chinaetravel.com/attraction/att27c.html Flaming Mountains] are red sandstone hills on the northern edge of the Turfan Basin. The red of the hills has been likened to burning flames, and temperatures often reach a sweltering 130° F. The Mountains were made famous by the 16th-century Chinese classic novel ''Journey to the West''.

'''the Sangre de Cristos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains The Sangre de Cristos] (Blood of Christ) are the southermost subrange of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.

==Page 772==
'''the ancient kingdom of Khocho . . . to be the historical Shambhala''' 
Dr Edwin Bernbaum, a Research Associate of the University of California, Berkeley, claimed, in his book [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] (1980, 2001), that Shambhala is not in the Himalayas, but far to the north, in the Turfan Depression, "Established by the Uighurs, a Turkish perople, around 850, the kingdom of Khocho flourished for four hundred years as a remarkable oasis of culture and learning. A predominantly Buddhist country, with numerous monasteries, it also had active centers of Manicheanism and Nestorian Christianity . . . At the time the ''Kalackra'' appreared in India, the kingdom of Khocho probably possessed the most advanced civilization of any country in Central Asia. Well-irrigated fields and orchards produced enough surplus food to allow the Uighurs to run welfare programs for the poor. Living together in peaceful harmony, people of different races, relgions and languages stimulated each other's thought and culture. Paintings found in the ruins of Turfan show houses built in the Chinese style, men and women dressed in embroidered silk, and a chamber ensemble complete with harps, guitar, and flutes. Even the Chinese, the most fastidious connoisseurs of culture, were impressed by the grace of Uihur society." (pp.42-43)

Bernbaum's [http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FWay-Shambhala-Mythical-Kingdom-Himalayas%2Fdp%2F1570628742%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1180372355%26sr%3D1-1&tag=hyperartspynchon&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325 ''The Way to Shambhala: A Search for the Mythical Kingdom Beyond the Himalayas''] is an excellent resource and a likely backgrounder for Pynchon when writing about Shambhala in ''Against the Day''.

'''Urumchi''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi Urumchi] or Ürümqi, is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. With a population of 2.1 million (75% are Han Chinese) and located in the northwest of the country, it is the largest city in the western half of China. Ürümqi is the most remote city from any sea in the world at a distance of about 1,400 miles from the nearest coastline.

'''lowlands of Dzungaria''' 
A region of 300,000 sq mi in Xinjiang, NW China. It is a largely steppe and semidesert basin surrounded by high mountains: the Tian Shan in the south and the Altai in the north. Urumchi and Yining are the main cities with other smaller oasis towns dot the piedmont areas. The region passed to the Chinese only in the mid-18th century.

==Page 773==

'''Lake Zaisan''' 
Lake Zaisan, in Russian Central Asia near the Chinese border, is located in an open valley between the Altai range on the northeast and the Tarbagatai on the south at an altitude of 1,355 ft.

'''The Irtysh . . . the Ob''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irtysh_River The Irtysh] is the chief tributary of the Ob which is a major river in western Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob_river The Ob] is Russia's fourth longest river. The Ob-Irtysh form a major basin in Asia, encompassing most of western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.

'''Novosibirsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk Novosibirsk] lies along the Ob river in the West Siberian Plain. It is Russia's 3rd largest city, after Moscow and St.Petersubrg. It was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the Ob. In early 20th century the Turkestan-Siberia Railway, connecting Novosibirsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea, was completed.

'''The Paris of Siberia''' 
By 1900 Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 763: Irkutsk]]) had been nicknamed as such.

'''''kupechestvo''''' 
Russian: the merchant community.

'''Glaskovsk''' 
A suburb in Irkutsk across the Irkut river.

==Page 774==

'''Club Golomyanka''' 
A golomyanka is a viviparous fish of the perch family, unique to Lake Baikal.

'''NAUSHNIKI''' 
As translated in the text.

'''1895 model Nagant revolver''' 
[http://world.guns.ru/handguns/hg102-e.htm Nagant revolver] was designed in Belgium by Nagant brothers in the late 1880s and was adopted by numerous countries. The major user and manufacturer was Russia which adopted it in 1895.

'''British gold sovereigns''' 
The world's most popular gold coins, [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/firstsovereign.html British gold sovereign] first came to existence in 1489 under Henry VII. There was a major change in 1816 for the so-called Modern Soverign which are continure to the present day. It has a value of one pound sterling (but with a much higher trading market value) and is made of 15.55 grams of standard gold coinage alloy of 23 carat, equal to 95.83% pure gold. (Another source [http://www.onlygold.com/Coins/BritishSovereignsFullScreen.asp British gold sovereigns2] said they have a 91.7% gold.)

==Page 775==

'''Tower Hill''' 
[http://www.royalmint.com/RoyalMint/web/site/Corporate/AboutUs/History/TowerHill.asp The Royal Mint at Tower Hill], London, between 1812-1968. Now the Royal mint is at Liantrisant (10 miles west of Cardiff), Wales.

'''Young Vic''' 
Image of young Queen Victoria on the British sovereign (1 pound) piece. The first portrait for Queen Victoria was the "Youg Head", which was used on sovereigns from 1838 to 1887 inclusive. For a picture for this coin see [http://www.goldsovereigns.co.uk/heads.html Victoria Young Head].

'''Upper Tunguska, Stony Tunguska, Lower Tunguska''' 
They are the three eastern tributaries of the Yenisei River in Siberia. They cut across the swampy forests of east-central Siberia, draining the Tunguska Basin. Furthest north is the Lower Tunguska (1,590 mile long). The Stony Tunguska (980 mile long) rises west of the headwaters of the Lower Tunguska. The Upper Tunguska is the name given to the lower course of the Angara and it joins the Yenisei at Strelka. The area of the three rivers is the home of the Tungus. ([http://www.bartelby.com/65/tu/Tunguska.html Tunguska]).

'''the Ilimpiya''' 
Presumably the Ilimpeya River, a left-bank tributary of the Lower Tunguska, is named for them.

:It refers to the Tungus people from the Ilimpiya river.

'''the Shanyagir''' 
A clan of the Tungus people who lives along the Stony Tunguska.

'''Magyakan''' 
Shaman of the Ilimpiya clan, also spelled Magankan. His greatest feat was summoning a huge flock of ''agdi'', the birds made of iron that produce the thunder, for the explosion over the land of the Shanyagir clan. It flattened nearly a thousand square miles of forest and started a fire that burned for weeks, sending ash so high that it circled the Northern Hemisphere, making sunsets bright. See [http://www.answers.com/topic/shaman shaman].

'''''siberyaki''''' 
Standard spelling ''sibiryaki.'' Russian: Siberians.

'''Bratsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratsk Bratsk], located on the Angara River near the vast Bratsk Reservoir, is a city in Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russia.

'''Yeniseisk''' 
[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Yeniseisk,_Siberia_(Capital) Yeniseisk], on the right bank of the Yenisei, is a Siberian city 170 miles northwest of Krasnoyarsk, capital of the government of the same name.

'''embouchure''' 
French word denoting the conformation of the mouth (in speaking, playing the clarinet, etc.).

==Page 776==

'''Dorzhieff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agvan_Dorjiev Agvan Dorjiev] (1853/54–1938) was an ethnic Buriat who trained as a Buddhist monk in Tibet.He was one of the tutors of the 13th Dalai Lama and was his representative at the Russian court. He played a great role in the international political life, establishing various relations between Tibet and Russia. The British believed that Dorjiev had created the Shambala Russian myth. Ekai Kawaguchi, a Buddhist monk from Japan who visited Tibet at the turn of the 20th century, claimed to have heard of a pamphlet in which Dorjiev wrote “Shambhala was Russia. The Emperor, moreover, was an incarnation of Tsongkhapa, and would sooner or later subdue the whole world and found a gigantic Buddhist empire”. The religiously-based purpose of Agvan Dorjiev was the foundation of a Lamaist-oriented kingdom of the Tibetans and Mongols as a theocracy under the Dalai Lama ... [and] under the protection of Tsarist Russia ... In addition, among the Lamaists there existed the religiously grounded hope for help from a ‘Messianic Kingdom’ in the North ... called 'Northern Shambhala’. At the center of Dorjiev’s activities in Russia stood the construction of a three-dimensional mandala — the Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg. Regarding the décor, it is perhaps also of interest that there was a swastika motif which the Bolsheviks knocked out during the Second World War. Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg there was sufficient room for several lamas, who looked after the ritual life, to live on the grounds. Dorjiev had originally intended to triple the staffing and to construct not just a temple but also a whole monastery. This was prevented, however, by the intervention of the Russian Orthodox Church . Officially, the buddhist shrine was declared to be a place for the needs of the Buriat, Tuva, mongol ,and Kalmyk minorities in the capital. With regard to its occult functions it was a tantric mandala with which the Kalachakra system was to be transplanted into the West. From the lamas’ traditional point of view, founding a temple is seen as an act of spiritual occupation of a territory. Such sacred buildings as the Kalachakra temple in St. Petersburg are cosmograms which are employed by the lamas as magic seals in order to spiritually subjugate countries and peoples.

'''taiga''' 
Coniferous boreal forest; supports logging, trapping, hunting/gathering.

'''iron creatures of Agdy . . . their eyes flashing . . .''' 
"The Tungus have only one expression for the thunder - ''agdy''-, by which they also describe the old man, the lord of the thunder as well as all the thunderbirds that come down to earth and cause the thunder. The ''Agdy'' birds are as big as black grouses, are made of iron, and their eyes are fiery. The thunder arises from their flight above the earth and their eyes flash like lightning." (from a quotation in [http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/evenkiv.html Tungus eye-witnesses reports of Tunguska Event]).

'''Hindu fire-god Agni''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agni Fire-god Agni] is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word ''Agni'' is Sanskrit for "fire". Agni is a messenger from and to the other gods. He is ever-young and immortal, because the fire is re-lit every day.

'''Ogdai Khan''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_765|page 765: Ogdai]].

==Page 777==

'''The Church of England''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England The Church of England] is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the "mother" and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.

'''Shamanism''' 
Decentralized religion. The village shaman engaged in spirit travel and communicated with animals, ancestors, etc., for the benefit of the people, often using bizarrely excessive amounts of drugs.

'''The Cherokee''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee The Cherokee] are a people indigenous to North American, who at the time of European contact in the 16th century inhabited what is now the Eastern and Southeastern United States. Most were forcibly moved westward to the Ozark Plateua. They were one of the tribes referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes.

'''the Apache''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache The Apache] is the collective name for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the US. They formerly lived over eastern Arizona, north-western Mexico, New Mexico, parts of Texas.

'''the massacre of the Sioux Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee''' 
They were the largest and most important Indian tribe north of Mexico, with the exception of Chippewa, who, however, lack the solidarity of the Sioux. [http://www.indians.org/articles/sioux-indians.html The Sioux] actually came to North America from Asia about 30,000 years ago. The name Sioux means "little snake". They were generally nomadic, typically followed the pattern of the buffalo. [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/sioux-indians/sioux-indians.htm The Sioux Indians] occupied the vast domain extending from the Arkansas River, in the south, to the western tributary of Lake Winnipeg, in the north, and westward to the eastern slopes of the Rocky. The Sioux battled the white men and fought against the government in orer to keep their land. There was a general uprising in 1862. Later there were many more fierce armed conflicts involved the Sioux. One of the better known was ''The Battle of Little Big Horn'' on June 25, 1876, in which General Custer and all of his immediate command were killed. This was one of the most significant victories, led by [http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/bigfoor.htm Sitting Bull] (1831-1890), of the Indian Nations. 
A new Indian's religion that promised to rid the land of white people and restore the Indians' way of life evolved in 1880s-1890s as a reaction to the Indians being forced to submit to government authority and reservation life. The new religion was called [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost.html the Ghost Dance] by the white because of its ceremonial ritual dance and its precepts of resurrection and reunion with the dead. The Sioux were the most enthusiastic believers. But the Bureau of Indian Affairs banned the Ghost Dance feared that the swelling numbers of Ghost Dancers and believed that the ritual was a precusor to renwered Indian militancy and violent rebellion. The confrontation led to [http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKmscr.html The Wounded Knee Massacre] on December 29, 1890 in which over 350 Ghost Dancers were slained. And this was the last major armed conflict between the Indian Nations and the US Government.

==Page 779==

'''A heavenwide blast of light''' 
It refers to the greatest cosmic impact of the century, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event the Tunguska Event], happened at 7:17 A.M. on June 30, 1908 near the Stony Tunguska River at Tunguska basin in central Siberia, Russia. With no warning, a small comet or meteor about 100 ft in diameter, coming from the direction of Western China and glowing with the heat of 5,000 degrees, hurtling through space about 3-6 miles above the Earth and exploded in the sky 40 miles north of Vanavara settlement by the Stony Tunguska. It was so powerful that the seismograph at Irkutsk, some 550 miles away, registered what looked like an earthquake. The impact had a force of 20 million tons of TNT, equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima bombs. It is estimated that 60-80 million trees were felled over an area of 830 square miless but left no obvious crater. If the explosion had occurred over St Petersburg hundreds of thousands of people would have been killed. But the Event occurred at such a remote and isolated location that no scientist bothered to investigate the "rumors" of the event for 13 years. (See also [http://www.unmuseum.org/siberia.htm Tunguska Event from UnMuseum].)
:Check your TV schedule for a History Channel special, ''Siberian Apocalypse,'' which presents old movie footage of Soviet explorations (my guess: re-enacted in the 1930s) and analyses by present-day scientists and UFOlogists, along with the usual Slo-Mo Channel animations repeated ad nauseam. The program ran on March 18, 2007. The best current information, according to a team from the University of Bologna, points to a stony asteroid (a "carbonaceous chondrite") that disintegrated some miles above the surface, leaving no fragments to be found but loading the local vegetation with elements not typical of the taiga.
:Two of the stranger hypotheses about the Event have special ''AtD'' connections. (1) The cosmic object was a chunk of antimatter, and the energy it released was due to annihilation when it came into contact with terrestrial matter (air). This would make the object, in a sense, [[ATD_57-80#Page_78|the Anti-Stone (p. 78).]] (2) The Event was the explosion produced by dissipation of a huge [[ATD_57-80#Page_73|ball lightning (p. 73).]] Both these notions are pretty remote, though, and the stony asteroid holds up better.

'''poods''' 
Russian measure of weight. One pood = 16.38 kilograms; 30 poods = 491 kg = 1081 pounds, pretty close to half a ton.

'''''ekipazh''''' 
Russian: crew, team.

'''''Právil'no''''' 
Russian: all ''right!''

'''Russian design philosophy''' 
. . . which is perpetuated in Soviet and Russian space technology.

'''Razvedka''' 
Russian: intelligence (in the military-political sense).

'''pogroms''' 
Terror campaigns, usually against Jews.

==Page 780==

'''Ofitser Nauchny''' 
Russian: science officer.

'''this Event''' 
The Tunguska Event. Cf 779: A heavenside blast of light.

'''''umnik''''' 
Russian: clever man.

'''General Sukhomlinoff''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Sukhomlinov Vladimir Alexandrovich Sukhomlinoff] (1848-1926), Russian cavalry officer, Chief of General Staff 1908-9, Minister of War 1909-15, imprisoned 1917-18 for failure to prepare the Russian Army for World War, emigrated to Finland and then to Germany.

'''''Zi!''''' 
Might be an error. "Wait" in the imperative mode is ''zhdi'' or ''podozhdi'' in Russian.

'''butterfly . . . angel''' 
The description of the damage pattern is accurate; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event.]

==Page 781==

'''''zastolye''''' 
Russian: group of regulars.

'''''Khuy''''' 
Impolite Russian: cock!

'''Bezumyoff''' 
The name derives from Russian ''bezumets'': madman.

'''''vseznaǐka''''' 
Russian: as translated in text. In keeping with the sources he must have used—many of them contemporary—Pynchon applies a bewildering assortment of rules in transliterating Russian words.

'''"potentially a hole in the earth"''' 
One of the theories regarding the real Tungaska Event is that a small black hole entered the earth. Flaw in theory: an exit has never been found. See Wikipedia ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''. . . ''at any moment'', directly beneath St Petersburg . . .''' 
"According to the Guinness Book of World Records (1966 edition), if the collision had occurred 4 hours 47 minutes later, it would have wiped out St. Petersburg, the starting point of the Bolshevik revolution." See (Wikipedia article, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event Tunguska Event]).

'''Tsarskoe Selo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarskoe_Selo Tsarskoe Selo], ''Tsar's Village'', was the "country" home of the Russian Tsars. It is now part of the town of Pushkin about 15 miles south from the center of St.Petersburg.

==Page 782==

'''...to reaffrm allegiance to its limits, including mortality...''' 
That is, to reaffirm the allegiance of the inhabitants of this world to the "something's" limits, remind Man of mortality and transcendent laws and limits.

'''''Nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing.

'''Vanavara''' 
[http://www.evenkya.ru/eng/?id=obsh&sid=admterdel&ssid=41 Vanavara] is the adminstrative center, a settlement with a population of 3,000, of Tungusko-Chunsky region. It is situated on the right bank of the Stony Tunguska river. Vanavara was 40 miles south of the Tunguska Event blast center.

'''Transfinitum''' 
Cantor's mathematical concept of transfinite numbers, indefinitely large but distinct from one another.

==Page 783==

'''''dungur''''' 
A ''dungur'' is a shamanic drum.

'''homeopathic echoes to protect from its return''' 
The homeopathic principle is that small doses of what kills will cure or prevent; drumming prevents return of the huge sound.

==Page 784==

'''Raskol'niki''' 
Russian: schismatics, dissenters. Raskol'nikov in ''Crime and Punishment'' derives his name from this word.

'''Tchernobyl . . . Wormwood''' 
Now rendered more commonly as Chernobyl (Russian), Chornobyl (Ukrainian). 
Wormwood, a star that falls onto the Earth poisoning the fresh water sources per Book of Revelation 8:10-11. 
Dostoyevsky explores Tchenobyl/Wormwood, the meaning of the Book of Revelation in ''The Idiot.''

'''Reindeer discovered again their ancient powers of flight, which had lapsed over the centuries since humans had invaded the North. Some were stimulated by the accompanying radiation into an epidermal luminescence at the red end of the spectrum, particularly around the nasal area.''' 
In other words, Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer and his airborne squadron mates. Seriously: magic and the possibility of change is reintroduced into the world.

'''heat . . . tended to flow unpredictably''' 
The Laws of Thermodynamics have taken a brief holiday.

'''Old Slavonic''' 
Or Old Church Slavonic; liturgical language of Russian Orthodox Church, closely related to Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Serbian (Tesla's father was a Serbian priest who worked in this language).

==Page 785==

'''''izba''''' 
Russian: hut.

'''Ssagan''' 
In Burkhanism, a Russian religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region between 1904 and the 1930s, Ak-Burkhan ("White Burkhan) is a deity who is depicted as an old man with white hair, a white coat, and white headgear, who rides a white horse, and is possibly analogous to the Mongolian "white old man," Tsagan Ebugen. The Buryat language (or Buriat) is a Mongolic language spoken by the Buryats of Siberia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism]

Sacred white reindeer parallels Native American's reverence for white buffalos.

==Page 786==

'''the Sayan''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayan_Mountains The Sayan] is a mountain range in southern Siberia. The eastern Sauan extends 600 miles from the Yenisei to the southwest end of Lake Baikal, and the western Sayan forms the eastern continuation of the Altay Mountains.

'''Tannu-Ola''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannu-Ola_Mountains The Tannu-Ola] mountain range is in southern Siberia extending east-west direction and curves along the Mongolian border.

'''Tuva''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuva Tuva] is located in extreme southern Siberia bordering with Mongolia. Its eastern part is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland.

'''if a fellow was going to come riding in anywhere on a white reindeer''' 
Suggestive of Jesus riding an ass into Jerusalem

'''an unearthly gutteral singing''' 
Overtone singing, also known as throat singing, overtone chanting, or harmonic singing, is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the harmonic resonances created as air travels from the lungs. The best-known of the traditional forms comes from Tuva. Ethnomusicologists studying throat singing in these areas mark khoomei as an integral part in the ancient pastoral animism that is still practised today. (Wikipedia) 
It is unearthly and fascinating. Tuvan throat singing can be seen and heard in the movie "Genghis Blues," a documentary about an American musician Paul Pena's trip to Tuva to compete in a throat singing contest.

'''"borbanngadyr"''' 
throat singing..like a flute: from the context.

'''"the heart of Earth" 
'''"all's I see's a bunch of sheep" 
'''"Exactly." 
This is Shambhala. Sheep may safely graze.

==Page 787==

'''the Wheel of Life''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavacakra The Wheel of Life] is a complex symbolic representation of "continuous movement" in the form of a circle, used primarily in Tibetan Buddhism. "Continuous movement", ''samsāra'', is the continuous cycle of birth, life, and death from which one liberates oneself through enlightenment.

'''"Are you kind deities? or wrathful deities?"''' 
Here the interaction between Prance and the Chums of Chance resembles that between Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, and Dorothy Gale in the 1939 film [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 The Wizard of Oz.] After descending from the sky in a pink bubble and encountering Dorothy in Munchkinland, Glinda asks "Are you a good witch or a bad witch?" Dorothy replies that she's not a witch at all, just as Randolph St. Cosmo replies that the Chums "endeavor to be kind." Darby's reference to Bo Peep seems Munchkinlandian too, as Glinda is a sort of shepherd to the Munchkins themselves. --[[User:Jpicco|Jpicco]]

'''"Bo Peep" 
she who has lost her sheep, as in the rhyme.

'''"Never work,", muttered Darby. "They'll squash you like bugs." 
Darby, now a lawyer, now cynical, presents the archetypal response to
Prance's visiting " deities" as in classic sci-fi books and movies.

'''the Tengyur''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_766|page 766: Tengyur]].

==Page 788==

'''band of''' '''''brodyagi''''' 
This entire passage is a reference to ''Don Quixote'', namely the incident with Gines de Pasamonte and the galley slaves. In ''Don Quixote'', Gines acts as a metafictional representation of Cervantes, as well as a symbol of the author/writer. Here, Topor acts as Gines, representing TRP (notice the name similarity). The hallucinogenic mushrooms represent the ''Quixote''--with a two part narrative, the first pleasant and wonderous, the second full of horrors--as well as AtD and novels, generally. The urine-drinking seems to be a crack at literary critics and literature fans who write about books and read what others write--essentially, drinking each other's urine: the after-products of the consumption of books. --[[User:Specklebelly|Specklebelly]]

'''''brodyagi''''' 
Russian: tramps.

'''"Topor"''' 
Russian: The Ax.

'''fusel oils''' 
Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_756|page 756: fusel oils]]. 
Toxic byproducts of fermentation, sometimes still present in bad liquor.

'''strange mottled red mushrooms''' 
''Amanita muscaria'', an hallucinogenic mushroom. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_muscaria Wikipedia entry].

'''drank one another's urine''' 
Shamanistic practice also observed in some "mystery" religions. The person who ingests the drug partly metabolizes it and excretes it; followers can get a, hrmm, watered-down dose by drinking his urine.

==Page 789==

'''''brodyagi''''' 
See page 788.

'''Christian propaganda mill down south''' 
A college?

'''Pacific Coast League''' 
Minor league (Triple-A) baseball league that at the time was the only professional baseball league west of St. Louis. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League Wikipedia entry].

Perhaps Colfax Vibe has become Sandy Koufax, pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1960's.

'''barmaid from Oakland''' 
Oakland has a Pacific Coast Brewing Company with some very sweet barmaids.

==Page 790==

'''the wilderness Creature that feeds on all other creatures . . .''' 
Described by Captain Padzhitnoff on p.124

'''Krasnoyarsk''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk], the third largest city in Siberia, is on the Yenisei River upstream of Yeniseisk. It is an important junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway.

'''arival''' 
Misspelling of ''arrival.''

'''remittance man''' 
A man living on remittances, i.e. family funds from home, a trust fund, etc. It is also time to note that a Fleetwood is a model of Cadillac.

==Page 791==

'''the Vormance people''' 
The Vormance polar expedition was mentioned on page 130 and elsewhere.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 97-118

2007-06-14T19:04:06Z

Cal: /* Page 111 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 97==

'''the iron of their shoes . . . seeking the magnetic memory of that long-ago visit''' 
Familiar cartoon gag, a ''horseshoe'' magnet attracting all sorts of hardware as it flies through the air.

'''the Rebellion''' 
What the North called the Civil War. [[ATD_1-25#Page_7|Another reference...]]

'''Tesla, Dr. Nikola''' (1856-1943) 
Tesla was a Serb-American inventor, engineer and physicist whose patents and theoretical work form the basis of modern alternating current electric power (AC) systems, radio, and a bunch of other stuff. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Wikipedia entry] Tesla researched in Colorado Springs from May 1899 - January 1900, a location he chose because of the frequent thunderstorms, the high altitude, and the dryness of the air. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#Colorado_Springs Wikipedia on Tesla at Colorado Springs].

Much of the the funding for his Colorado Springs laboratory came from Colonel John Jacob Astor. Tesla's friend and patent lawyer, Leonard E. Curtis, persuaded the El Paso Power Company to supply Tesla with all the electricity he wanted, free of charge. The arrangement ended the night Tesla's activities burned out the dynamo and the entire city lost power. [http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_colspr.html PBS: Tesla - Master of Lightning]

"Tesla logged in his diary on July 3, 1899 that a separate resonance transformer tuned to the same high frequency as a larger high-voltage resonance transformer would transceive energy from the larger coil, acting as a transmitter of wireless energy, which was used to confirm Tesla's patent for radio during later disputes in the courts. These air core high-frequency resonate coils were the predecessors of systems from radio to radar and medical magnetic resonance imaging devices." [http://www.crystalinks.com/tesla.html] This information was later used to confirm his patent for radio which he received posthumously in 1946, 3 years after his death. [http://www.resonanceresearch.com/nikola-tesla-coils-picture-colorado-1899-labratory.htm].

Pynchon confuses this 03 July 'vision', during a natural electrical storm, with later experimental generation of high voltages.

[http://www.teslasociety.com The Tesla Society] confusingly describes Tesla as a "Serbian-born American" but states his birthplace as Smiljan, Croatia.

'''Vectorist . . . by way of the Electricity''' 
Vector symbolism offers an economical way to describe electrical processes; electrical engineers still use vector algebra and vector analysis combined with concepts from complex number theory.

==Page 98==

'''a turbine generator located underneath a waterfall''' 
Not sitting there to catch the falling water. A waterfall is a convenient place for a power plant because you can get easy access to two elevations: take in water at the top, install your turbine at the bottom. The mention of penstocks and other plumbing farther down the page confirms that the flow is being captured in pipes at the head of the fall and run through a turbine at the bottom.

'''engineering students... from Cornell, Yale''' 
Cornell is Pynchon's alma mater, where he initially studied engineering. [[Thomas Pynchon|Pynchon bio]]

'''Maxwell''' 
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) was a Scottish mathematical physicist among the pioneers of electromagnetism. Pynchon made use of his theoretical "Maxwell's Demon" in ''The Crying of Lot 49''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell Wikipedia entry]

'''Maxwell's ''Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism'' of 1873''' 
Full text of [http://www.archive.org/details/electricandmagne01maxwrich Volume 1] and [http://www.archive.org/details/electricandmag02maxwrich Volume 2] at the Internet Archive.

==Page 99==

'''the Invisible''' 
Up to this point there have been many mentions of things invisible, here capitalized. Recalling Blundell's quote from p. 24, suddenly everything connects and makes sense to Kit after his revelation. It is a mystical experience for him as he reaches this knowledge through something like a voice telling him.

'''So is altitude transformed, continuously, to light''' 
The potential energy of water at an altitude is realized when it falls, producing the flow of electricity required for the production of artificial light. 

'''Hamilton had experienced at Brougham Bridge in Ireland''' 
William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865) was an Irish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer who made important contributions to the development of optics, dynamics, and algebra. His discovery of quaternions is perhaps his best known investigation. The discovery of quaternions reportedly occurred during a walk with his wife by the Royal Canal in Dublin. Upon having the inspiration for the formula, he promptly carved it into the side of the nearby [[Brougham_Bridge |Broom (or Brougham) Bridge]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton Wikipedia entry]

'''a jump from one place to another''' 
An allusion to quantum jump (or quantum leap), which would be proposed some years later as a model for the electron's transition between energy states within an atom and as the sole cause of the emission of electromagnetic radiation, including that of ''light'', by atoms. Interestingly enough, the term "quantum leap" would later become a standard vernacular term to describe abrupt advances. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_leap Wikipedia entry]

'''with . . . what perilous æther opening between and beneath''' 
The etymology of ''air'' includes ''æther.'' The gap between initial and final states is a region where there's nothing to "support" the particle making the quantum jump.

'''the truth he now possessed in his personal interior, certain and unshakable''' 
Kit's belief in Vectorism is solidified. 
Not belief. He's broken through to a state where he doesn't have to write the math down—he sees directly from problem statement to solution.

'''Jack, we're seventeen''' 
Around 1900.

'''Pike's Peak or Bust!''' 
The slogan of miners heading to Colorado during the Gold Rush of 1859.

'''Frank got so nervous about climbing''' 
Is Frank acrophobic?

'''Cañon City alumnus''' 
An ex-convict who has done time in the Colorado pen.

'''swamping''' 
Menial work.

==Page 100==

'''Lieutenants of Industry Scholarship Program''' 
The metaphor "Captain of Industry" gets dusted off; Vibe is the captain, so his minions can't go any higher than lieutenants.

'''Mr. Merriwell, we really need this touchdown''' 
An allusion to the fictional character Frank Merriwell, an adventuresome student at Yale and football hero, he was created by the pulp fiction writer Gilbert Patten, who wrote under the pen name Burt L. Standish. The first story, "Frank Merriwell: or, First Days at Fardale" appeared in ''Tip Top Weekly'' on April 18, 1896. Merriwell went on to appear in comic books, radio programs, and dime novels. As the passage suggests, Merriwell constituted an idealized picture of the east coast, old money elite. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Merriwell Wikipedia Entry on Frank Merriwell]

'''Yale''' 
This possible deal with the devil that Kit makes to get into Yale recalls the evil pact made to get Tyrone Slothrop into Harvard in ''Gravity's Rainbow''.

'''Horsefeathers''' 
The title of a 1932 Marx Brothers film ("Horse Feathers"). Another possible indication for the promised Groucho Marx cameo. See also "ducksoup" (p.25)

'''Antietam''' 
The first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil, in 1862. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties.

'''substitute conscriptee''' 
The Enrollment Act of 1863 allowed draftees to pay $300 to a substitute who would serve for them. (See [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nygenese/purchase.jpg here] for an example substitution form.) J.P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Jay Gould, James Mellon and future president Grover Cleveland all hired substitutes. Within a year the price had gone up to $1,100, however. [http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1994/winter/civil-war-draft-records.html Civil War Draft Records: Exemptions and Enrollments]

==Page 101==

'''Cold Harbor''' 
There were two battles of Cold Harbor: the first, in 1862, predated Antietam, so this would have been the second in 1864 0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor Wikipedia].

'''the Brain and its Mysteries''' 
This is a recurring theme, with suggestions of neurological symptoms already seen, such as Miles Blondell's weird feelings and Lew Basnight's malady. As seen below, the presence of the bullet has some effects on his brain: he receives "communications, from far, far away," which can be symptoms of brain injuries.

'''Minié ball''' 
Prior to the development of the minie ball, rifles were not used in combat due to the difficulty in loading. The ammunition used by rifles was the same diameter as the barrel in order for the bullet to engage the groves of the rifled barrel. As a result the ball had to be forced into the barrel. The minie ball, originally designed by Captain Claude-Etienne Minie of France and improved on by manufacturers in the United States, changed warfare. Since the minie ball was smaller than the diameter of the barrel, it could be loaded quickly by dropping the bullet down the barrel. This conical lead bullet had two or three grooves and a conical cavity in its base. The gases, formed by the burning of powder once the firearm was fired, expanded the base of the bullet so that it engaged the rifling in the barrel. Thus, rifles could be loaded quickly and yet fired accurately; 620; [http://www.civilwar.si.edu/weapons_minieball.html From the Smithsonian website]

However, Minié balls are relatively large, generally .58 caliber, so that would be a mighty large piece of lead lodged in his brain. [http://www.eclectichistorian.net/RifleMusket/Minies.html Picture]

'''"far, far away"''' 
A nod to the opening lines of ''Star Wars''? “A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away..." 
A similar episode is in Richard Powers' "Three Farmers on their Way to a Dance" (1985), in which a character affirms that he can get military radio communications thanks to a dental filling. Richard Powers has often been compared to Pynchon.

'''physical well-being''' 
The dichotomy of bodily and spiritual well-being appears in the [[The World is at Fault]] letter that Pynchon wrote in the early 60s.

'''"if it exists"''' 
Assuming this is c1882, when the Standard Oil Trust was formed, it was already well-known.

==Page 102==
'''ten gallons of coffee''' 
Major caffeine abuse also figured in to ''Mason & Dixon''.

'''Twin Vibes''' 
Vibe and Walker work together in part because of Walker's "powers". These "vibrations" could be the source of the name Vibe.

'''With that kind of personal faith . . . handling snakes''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_handling Wikipedia] says snake-handling did not become a movement until the 1920s but was a sensational practice before the end of the 19th century. The requisite "personal faith" is defined in Mark 16:17-18: "And these signs shall follow them that believe: In my name . . . [t]hey shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them; they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover." Southern Appalachia is now the epicenter of snake-handling.

'''''"Izvinite... Hvala"''''' 
'Excuse me'... 'Thank you' in Croatian. [http://www.bugeurope.com/essentials/croatian.html [cite]] Also in Serbian, though written in a different alphabet.

==Page 103==

'''por vida''' 
For life.

'''a message from perhaps farther beyond...''' 
Kit may think it another message from the Invisible. Due to his belief in Vectorism?

'''how Mr. Vibe . . . had been left free to behave''' 
The mission given to Walker is to constrain Vibe, who in some sense shares a "karma" with him.

==Page 104==

'''"Tithing," Tesla said, "giving back to the day."''' 
Tesla's contempt for this tithing positions him as—wait for it—against the day.

==Page 105==

'''Jake with me''' 
Fine with me.

'''"not here on the desolate lee shore whose back country is death"''' 
Wonderful, just wonderful...

==Page 107==

Since this is 1899, the Chums should be six years older than they were in Chicago.

'''this era of desuetude''' 
Time when usual rules and customs are not being practiced.

'''midwatch''' 
The time between midnight and 4 a.m. Another naval practice observed by the Chums.

'''A boy . . . under a baggy cap with its bill turned sidewise''' 
I can't identify this as to title or date, but the subject appeared in lithographs that hung in many homes in the first half of the 20th century.

'''Tesla device''' 
A radio. He received a patent for the radio after his death. The transmissions of July 3, 1899 (see Page 97, above) were used as evidence that he should be granted the patent.

:A member of the wiki has pointed out that Tesla recorded thunderstorm observations on that date but did not carry out transmissions.

'''voices . . . difficult to credit with any origin in the material sphere . . . hoarse whispering''' 
Messages coming from a world the Chums don't inhabit? From outside their novel, I suggest, specifically from their author, who is preparing to take over the narration again.

'''Indian Ocean islands of Amsterdam and St.Paul''' 
As noted in the text, Indian Ocean Islands. Both are volcanic in origin. They remain without permanent residents.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul Wikipedia article on St. Paul Island]

'''westerlies''' 
A westerly is a wind that is ''coming from'' the west, not heading toward the west. The Chums must therefore have been somewhere in Europe, Africa or Central Asia at the time.

==Page 108==

'''islets vanished from the nautical charts''' 
Do features really vanish from charts? Could it be that their ''names'' were no longer recorded?

It is possible that some small islands collapse or are eroded, and disappear below the sea, to "rejoin the Invisible".

'''St. Masque''' 
This island's name may have been one of the ones to vanish.

'''huge underground construction''' 
The description calls to mind Boston's "Big Dig," or a bunker such as those built by SAC, NORAD or other military organizations. In particular it brings to mind the Cheyenne Mountain Directorate in Colorado Springs, CO.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne_Mountain]

'''''Megaera''''' 
One of the Greek Furies. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaera [Wikipedia]]

Apparently a real shipwreck as well. [http://www2.xlibris.com/bookstore/book_excerpt.asp?bookid=1535 [Scroll down to St. Paul Island]]

'''four hundred of us made it''' 
The informative page linked in the preceding entry is pretty clear: 330-odd of them made it.

'''"Curious," Chick said.''' 
His register of speech is very different from what we heard in earlier episodes.

==Page 109==

'''the volcano''' 
''Not'' Krakatoa. The Chums are in the middle of the Indian Ocean.

'''antipodal to Colorado Springs''' 
Amsterdam and St. Paul are, to within a few dozen miles, exactly on the opposite side of the Earth to the Springs. Because Tesla's work there wound up early in 1900, the antipodal point could not have held much interest after that. The 1899 dating holds.

'''Chums of Chance Logistical Services''' 
In the whole series of novels this is probably the only mention of CoCLS. All the other books had instruments, weapons, etc., just appear without explanation. "Never questioned, always on time" simply because it's written (or unwritten) that way.

'''mephitically seeping volcano''' 
"Mephitic" means foul-smelling.

'''President McKinley''' 
Since McKinley was assassinated (by an anarchist) in September, 1901, this situates the episode some time between 1899 and 1901.

'''a beach so intensely sunlit as to appear almost colorless''' 
Again an excess of light takes away from the ambience rather than adding to it.

'''blindness at the heart of a diamond''' 
This enigmatic imagery is reflected (no pun intended) in a few references: [http://books.google.com//books?num=100&q=heart.of.a.diamond&as_brr=0 more] 

"where the light came down sifted through so many emerald screens that it was as flawless as the heart of a diamond. " (''Anne of Green Gables'', Chapt. 15, by Lucy Maud Montgomery) 

"It was a singularly sharp night, and clear as the heart of a diamond."'' A Story that is Untrue'' by Ambrose Bierce 

blindness seems not to be a positive with this metaphor. No light, a heart that cannot see. Diamonds = lightlessness.

'''Since his''' (Darby's) '''voice had changed''' 
In three-quarters of a century Tom Swift didn't age half a dozen years. The Chums could not have aged much before ''AtD'' opened, because they weren't very old to begin with. Now the mascotte who sang the treble parts has become an adolescent.

==Page 110==

'''The once cheery mascotte... into a distrust of authority''' 
In this section Darby Suckling looks to be the "punk" of the Chums ala Darby Crash. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darby_Crash Wikipedia]

'''Nihilism''' 
Nihilism comes from the Latin ''nihil'', or nothing. It appears in the verb "annihilate", meaning to bring to nothing, to destroy completely. Nihilism is the belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated. It is often associated with extreme pessimism and a radical skepticism that condemns existence. A true nihilist would believe in nothing, have no loyalties, and no purpose other than, perhaps, an impulse to destroy. Nihilism is most often associated with Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) who argued that its corrosive effects would eventually destroy all moral, religious, and metaphysical convictions and precipitate the greatest crisis in human history. Ivan Turgenev's ''Fathers and Sons'' (1862) popularized ''nihilism'' by his character Bazarov who preached a creed of total negation. In Russia, nihilism became identified with a loosely organized revolutionary movement (1860-1917) that rejected the authority of the state, church, and family. The movement advocated a social arrangement based on rationalism and materialism as the sole source of knowledge, and individual freedom as the highest goal. The movement eventually deteriorated into an ethos of subversion, destruction, and anarchy. And by the late 1870s, a nihilist was anyone associated with clandestine political groups advocating terrorism and assassination. ([http://www.iep.utm.edu/n/nihilism.htm Nihilism]).

'''Platonic polyhedra''' 
In the Timaeus of Plato, the eponymous character claims, in what he calls his "likely story," that the cosmos was created by the gathering of triangles into regular solids which coincide with the four elements: the pyramid (fire), cube (earth), octahedron (air), icosahedron (water), and dodecahedron. The dodecahedron becomes associated with Æther.

'''Clarendons''' 
Clarendon is a serif typeface created in 1845 that was often used for wanted posters in the Old West. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarendon_%28typeface%29 Wikipedia entry, with a sample]

'''FUNDAMENT-SEIZING''' 
Ass-grabbing.

'''"Zumbledy bongbong," [Miles Blundell] called encouragingly, as the food flew. "Vamble, Vamble!"''' 
Miles's odd speech may be an allusion to that of the Muppets' Swedish Chef.

He may also be speaking in tongues, or simply have some sort of apraxia of speech, given these comments and those on the following page.

==Page 111==

'''unmix a failed sauce''' 
There is a folk belief, however, that mayonnaise and other egg-based sauces will separate during a thunderstorm. You can, however, re-mix sauces of this kind that have de-emulsified.

'''time is intrinsic in every recipe''' 
Not whether you bake the pie for 20 minutes or 40. What's intrinsic is that the recipe always takes you forward in time. Start with ground meat, end with a hamburger, never the other way around.

'''"Of the metawarble of blibfloth zep"''' 
Poor Miles' communication problems continue.

'''dog's dinner''' 
Something that is ostentatiously smart [http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/dogs-dinner.html Definition].

'''In the U.S.A., it was almost the Fourth of July''' 
''Inconvenience'' is a day ahead of the U.S., being well west of the International Date Line.

'''noteworthy episodes of military explosion . . . necessary to maintain the integrity of the American homeland''' 
Put the stress on ''military.'' Other explosions achieve different purposes.

'''Explosion without an objective . . . is politics in its purest form''' 
Set this against not only the next entry but also against Drave's aphorism "Remorse without an object is a doorway to deliverance" (p. 39).

'''Haymarket bomb . . . wonders of chemistry''' 
Cf. p. 79, "the widely admired Mexican principle of politics through chemistry."

==Page 112==

'''I wish I knew what they were arguing about''' 
Randolph's consciousness has not been raised, as we used to say in the 1970s.

'''"the nature of the skyrocket's ascent"''' 
Chumps of Choice blog [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2007/01/dance-of-anarchy-and-change.html suggests] that this refers to ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

'''about the trajectories of your own lives''' 
Miles has divined that the Chums have adventures (the display) but also intervals when their movement is unsensed from outside: between the end of one of their novels and the beginning of the next one.

'''"Think, bloviators, think!"''' 
To bloviate means to speak or write at length in a pompous or boastful manner. CoC blog [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2007/01/dance-of-anarchy-and-change.html suggests] that this, coupled with the verbose allusion to ''Gravity's Rainbow'' above, is Pynchon's message to jargony commentators of his work, presumably in academia.

Presumably, us as well

'''By the time ''Inconvenience'' was ready to take once more to the sky''' 
Another damned anticlimax. They travel halfway around the world, Logistical Services puts on a big push to supply the experimental station, and we get ''not one single word'' about any data collected or knowledge gained as a result of Tesla's experiments.

'''President McKinley . . . naked woman . . . National Bird . . . something to eat . . . one of the Platonic polyhedra . . . draped female personage''' 
It is hard to see how the final figurehead choice is a "compromise" among these candidates.

==Page 113==

'''X.O.''' 
In many militaries' units, the executive officer (XO) is the second-in-command, reporting to the commanding officer (CO).

'''"contamination by the secular"''' 
Secular can be defined as "denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis." As the Chums have so far not been overtly religious, perhaps they mean secular in the spiritual sense?

Secular also means "worldly", as in, that which the Chums of Chance are literally above: 113: "That sort of bickering may be for ground people, but it is not for us."

'''Gloymbroognitz thidfusp''' 
Odd. Sounds like something from Adams' ''Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'', but isn't. Anyone?
Famous, surreal Polish writer of the 20th Century, Gombrowitz, Wittold 
Miles is having trouble communicating in words. See p. 110 and 111

'''Surabaya''' 
Today in Indonesia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surabaya Wikipedia entry]

'''"Special Japanese Oyster"''' 
The pearl that comes from this oyster that facilitates communications from the Chums' Upper Hierarchy is a result of Japanese experimentation "a pearl of quite uncommon size and iridescence, seeming indeed to glow
from within" that connects with the red calcite that powers the Q-weapon, as well as Merle's and Bounce's device later in the novel. [[Q-weapon and Photography|Read on...]]

==Page 114==

'''Nernst lamps''' An early incandescent lamp invented by Hermann Nernst (1864-1941), which made use of a heated ceramic rod to produce light in ambient air (in contrast to Edison's incandescent, which required a vacuum to operate).

'''Dr. Mikimoto (Kokichi)''' Produced the first cultured pearl in 1893 in Toba, Japan. As he left school at 13 to help support his family, any Doctorate he may have obtained must have been honorary.

And the Japanese:

:Through a highly secret technical process, developed in Japan at around the same time Dr. Mikimoto was producing his first cultured pearls, portions of the original aragonite which made up the nacreous layers of the pearl had, through “induced paramorphism,” as it was known to the artful sons of Nippon, been selectively changed here and there to a different form of calcium carbonate namely, to microscopic crystals of the doubly-refracting calcite known as Iceland spar.

And remember that Baz Zaharoff, on [[ATD_892-918#Page 906|page 906]], is headed to Japan because:

:"it’s ''they'' who want to sell ''him'' something, you see. Everyone’s being ever so dark about it. The item doesn’t even have a name anyone agrees on, except for a Q in it somewhere I think. Something they came into possession of a few years ago and now have up for sale on most attractive terms, almost as if..."

More about the Q-weapon on [[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1037|p. 1037]]...

'''Iceland Spar''' 
"Spar," in mineralogy: a transparent or translucent light-colored crystalline mineral, usually readily cleaved and somewhat lustrous; e.g. Iceland spar (calcite) . . . . (paraphrased from Bates & Jackson, ''Glossary of Geology,'' 2nd ed.)

See this handy "About Geology" page [http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blcalcite.htm], with an illustration demonstrating a spar's double-refraction effect on printed letters--remarkably like that on the cover of ATD! This kind of calcite has rhombohedral cleavage, because each of its faces is a rhombus, a warped rectangle in which none of the corners are square. Is each of the rectangular pages of ATD then a warped cleavage from some sort of crystalline whole, refracting its text in several directions at once? Of course, to the Chums the text message they receive from Upper Hierarchy has but one simple meaning. "Paramorphism" = the structural alteration of a mineral without any change in its external form or chemical composition.

And look at this too, how to make Iceland Spar animations:
[http://images.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgmay04/dwd/dwf1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artmay04/dwjpegcyc.html&h=300&w=400&sz=15&hl=it&start=12&tbnid=NQMhCqiW1apqNM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bspar%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dit]

'''divided into two separate rays, termed "ordinary" and "extraordinary" 
In the optics lab, physics students split a laser beam into two rays, which impinge on an object and are reflected onto a photographic plate, generating a hologram. The Japanese here anticipate the process, using the differently polarized rays (split by the Iceland spar) instead of laser light and replacing the plate with minute crystals in the pearl. The idea of three-dimensional holography and data storage in solid crystals would not resurface until the 1950s or 60s.

'''the limitless mischief of pearls''' 
A book's worth of superstitions exist around pearls. Pearls bring tears. The bride must wear pearls. The bride who wears pearls will be unhappy. If your pearl loses its luster, you are about to die. A pearl dissolved in wine is a poison. A pearl dissolved in wine is a love potion.

'''get up buoyancy''' 
A surface ship "gets up steam" in preparation for departure. Another naval or nautical analog.

'''Etienne-Louis Malus''' 
1775-1812, a French officer and mathematician whose work was predominantly concerned with light. He studied ray systems, and his theory on polarisation was published in 1809. His theory of the double refraction of light in crystals was published in 1810. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etienne-Louis_Malus Wikipedia] Malus is also the genus of the apple. Malus is best known for his law describing intensity of light as it passes through polarized materials. There are delicious metaphorical implications for any reader of a Pynchon novel.

'''pearls''' 
Probably meant to contrast the "blindness at the heart of a diamond" referred to on p. 109. Pynchon may want to call to mind ''The Scarlet Letter'', in which Pearl, the child produced by the union of the protagonist, Hester Prynne, and the Rev. Dimsdale, becomes a symbol of beauty derived from sin (there, and likely here, represented by the grain of sand around which the pearl forms).

'''Dr. Alden Vormance''' "
Vormance's surname may be meant to combine "Romance" and "worm," calling to mind the Romantic exuberance that motivated 19th century exploratory expeditions as well as the serpent of the Biblical expulsion story. 
Another Pynchonian "V" name and we know what Pynchon thinks of "Romantic exuberance". See GR, at least. And a remark in ATD [to find]. 
Alternatively, Vormance may be a conflation of the German prefix ''vor-'' (meaning "forward") with the -mancy combining form (e.g. necromancy) meaning prophecy--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 12:38, 11 February 2007 (PST)

'''a strong presumption of Bad Taste''' 
The Chums seek to avoid this accusation just as Peter Pan tries to avert Captain Hook's taunt, "Bad form." The phrase occurs in J.M. Barrie's novel ''Peter Pan'' (''Peter and Wendy''), possibly also in the stage version, and again in the movie ''Hook.''

==Page 115==
'''(Johannes) Kepler''' 
(1571-1630), mathematician best known for his laws of planetary motion, one of the foundations of Isaac Newton's theory of gravity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler Wikipedia]

'''Edmond Halley''' 
1656-1742, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Halley Halley] was an English physical scientist most remembered for the comet he which he predicted would return. In 1692 he proposed that the earth was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_Earth hollow]. In 1698 he departed on a two year voyage as captain of the HMS Paramore in order to measure variations in the Earth's magnetic field. In 1716 he suggested timing the transit of Venus to determine the distance between the earth and the sun.

'''(Leonhard) Euler''' 
The method of traverse (pun ignored) by which the Chums proceed became known as a Symmes' Hole after John Cleeves Symmes who, in 1818 circulated a pamphlet arguing for the existence of such holes in the polar regions and further volunteered to lead an expedition to said regions.

Symmes' following lecture tours were further carried forth by one J.N. Reynolds. "[Edgar Allen] Poe is said to have repeatedly called out the name "Reynolds" on the night before his death, though no one has ever been able to identify the person to whom he referred." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_allen_poe Edgar Allen Poe's] first published short story, "Ms. Found in a Bottle" (1833) took, as its premise, the existence of Symmes' Holes: theoretical holes in the polar areas which led to a hollow interior.

:Research has its charms, but so does mindless surfing. [http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/2007/03/ This blog] presents a map of the Earth inside the Earth, complete with Shambhala. The layout unfortunately doesn't fit the ''AtD'' account, but it's quite funny.

'''the great portal . . . ''noticeably smaller''''' 
Unrelieved light is unendurable; the entry into the Earth offers shadow, but the region of shelter has shrunk. Unrelieved ultraviolet light is deadly; the "ozone layer" in the atmosphere serves as protection, but the cover has shrunk—particularly in the Antarctic—as the "ozone hole" has grown larger. A small parallel, but it forwards the theme a little.

==Page 116==

'''vatic''' 
Prophetic. [http://dictionary.reference.com/wordoftheday/archive/2004/10/21.html [def]]

'''this is a self-protective reflex''' 
In his mystical phase Miles proves to be a believer in [http://www.ecolo.org/lovelock/ James Lovelock's "Gaia."]

'''the ship's nitro-lycopodium engines''' 
''Inconvenience'' has gone through a major refit, apparently: no more hydrogen power. Lycopodium consists of spores from a club moss, usually ''Lycopodium clavatum.'' It is a highly flammable yellowish powder. Photographers used it for flash illumination. In principle, an internal combustion engine can run on a powdered fuel, though difficulties abound in practice. The "nitro" part is a puzzle; nitromethane (called "nitro" or, in drag racing, simply "fuel") seems the most obvious reference. Do the ship's engines use a slurry of lycopodium in nitromethane? That would be a tricky fuel to handle. 
I don't think "nitro" refers to a particular, separate substance. The prefix nitro- indicates a substance whose molecules have the group NO2 attached to them. The oxygen in this group is easily released, with the result that nitro-compounds usually burn very rapidly and intensely, effectively having their own internal oxygen supply. Strictly the prefix should be applied to well defined molecular species such as nitromethane, nitrobenzene, etc, etc. However it is also used for complex biological substances treated with a nitrating agent such as nitric acid: nitrocotton (gun cotton) is a common example. Pynchon has probably invented nitro-lycopodium as a plausible though non-existent propellant, in the fashion we're accustomed to seeing with him.--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 06:57, 11 February 2007 (PST)

'''night-glass''' 
Telescopes and binoculars are described by their magnifying power (say 7X) and the diameter of their objective lens or "pupil" (say 35 mm). For many years 7X35 binoculars were a practical compromise for field use (army issue, etc.), but these were useless at night because they could not collect enough light. "Night" binoculars might be 7X50 or even larger. Similarly, a night-glass is a telescope with an oversized lens in front.

'''electrical sound-magnifier''' 
What would come to be called an ''amplifier'' in post-Chums times.

'''human timbres and rhythms, not speech so much as music''' 
Again the "choir" image as on [[ATD_1-25#Page_19|page 19.]]

==Page 117==

'''bolts of intense greenish light''' 
Hmm, the Chums are getting the same view of this war as America got of the "Shock and Awe" campaign in Baghdad.

'''the byzantine politics of the region''' 
Byzantine: fiendishly complicated, from ''Byzantium,'' the name of the city that would later become Constantinople and later again Istanbul.

'''royal court of Chthonica''' 
The adjective ''chthonic'' means "of the earth" or "of the underworld" and is often used to refer to the gods and other entities residing under the surface of the earth. The adjective is used creatively, and most famously, in the fictional works of H.P. Lovecraft ... a chief deity of his ficitional universe being Cthulhu.

'''Plutonia''' 
[http://www.trussel.com/prehist/plutonia.htm "Plutonia"] is the title of a novel written by Russian geologist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Obruchev "Vladimir Obruchev"], published in 1915. According to [http://www.sfsite.com/fsf/2000/cur0002.htm "here"], it's a hollow-earth story.

The "Plutonist" movement, as opposed to the "Neptunist", was quite in vogue in the late 1800s, being a theory of geography which held that the interior heat of the earth was somehow responsible for various geological processes.

'''Tunbridge Wells''' 
[http://www.icons.org.uk/nom/nominations/disgusted-of-tunbridge-wells "Disgusted of Tunbridge Wells"] is an archetypal figure of conservative England whose correspondence can be found frequently in newspapers railing at the latest outrages of modernity. Tunbridge Wells briefly features in Gravity's Rainbow.

On whether this and the subterranean adventure may allude to ''Gravity's Rainbow,'' see [[Talk:ATD_97-118|Discussion]].

'''my harmless little intraterrestrial scherzo''' 
Once again, the unseen narrator appears. By inference, the narrator is also the author of the various ''Chums of Chance...'' books referenced in ATD. This episode's also a little ''inter-textual'' scherzo: Poe (''Arthur Gordon Pym''), Jules Verne, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_the_Earth%27s_Core_%28novel%29 Edgar Rice Burroughs and Pelucidar], ''Star Trek'', Indiana Jones and the Hollow Earth... and Jeremiah Dixon's own underground journey in M&D. Doesn't Chick Counterfly sound rather Spockian here (cf. 115, bottom)?

==Page 118==

'''a tiny circle of brightness far ahead''' 
Literally "the light at the end of the tunnel," a metaphor used repeatedly, and to no good effect, by American political leaders starting some weeks after the beginning of the Vietnam War.

'''a tricky bit of steering''' 
If you emerge at the North Pole, every way you steer is south, so ''which'' south will take you to the rendezvous?

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 97-118

2007-06-14T18:59:34Z

Cal: /* Page 113 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 97==

'''the iron of their shoes . . . seeking the magnetic memory of that long-ago visit''' 
Familiar cartoon gag, a ''horseshoe'' magnet attracting all sorts of hardware as it flies through the air.

'''the Rebellion''' 
What the North called the Civil War. [[ATD_1-25#Page_7|Another reference...]]

'''Tesla, Dr. Nikola''' (1856-1943) 
Tesla was a Serb-American inventor, engineer and physicist whose patents and theoretical work form the basis of modern alternating current electric power (AC) systems, radio, and a bunch of other stuff. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Wikipedia entry] Tesla researched in Colorado Springs from May 1899 - January 1900, a location he chose because of the frequent thunderstorms, the high altitude, and the dryness of the air. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#Colorado_Springs Wikipedia on Tesla at Colorado Springs].

Much of the the funding for his Colorado Springs laboratory came from Colonel John Jacob Astor. Tesla's friend and patent lawyer, Leonard E. Curtis, persuaded the El Paso Power Company to supply Tesla with all the electricity he wanted, free of charge. The arrangement ended the night Tesla's activities burned out the dynamo and the entire city lost power. [http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_colspr.html PBS: Tesla - Master of Lightning]

"Tesla logged in his diary on July 3, 1899 that a separate resonance transformer tuned to the same high frequency as a larger high-voltage resonance transformer would transceive energy from the larger coil, acting as a transmitter of wireless energy, which was used to confirm Tesla's patent for radio during later disputes in the courts. These air core high-frequency resonate coils were the predecessors of systems from radio to radar and medical magnetic resonance imaging devices." [http://www.crystalinks.com/tesla.html] This information was later used to confirm his patent for radio which he received posthumously in 1946, 3 years after his death. [http://www.resonanceresearch.com/nikola-tesla-coils-picture-colorado-1899-labratory.htm].

Pynchon confuses this 03 July 'vision', during a natural electrical storm, with later experimental generation of high voltages.

[http://www.teslasociety.com The Tesla Society] confusingly describes Tesla as a "Serbian-born American" but states his birthplace as Smiljan, Croatia.

'''Vectorist . . . by way of the Electricity''' 
Vector symbolism offers an economical way to describe electrical processes; electrical engineers still use vector algebra and vector analysis combined with concepts from complex number theory.

==Page 98==

'''a turbine generator located underneath a waterfall''' 
Not sitting there to catch the falling water. A waterfall is a convenient place for a power plant because you can get easy access to two elevations: take in water at the top, install your turbine at the bottom. The mention of penstocks and other plumbing farther down the page confirms that the flow is being captured in pipes at the head of the fall and run through a turbine at the bottom.

'''engineering students... from Cornell, Yale''' 
Cornell is Pynchon's alma mater, where he initially studied engineering. [[Thomas Pynchon|Pynchon bio]]

'''Maxwell''' 
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) was a Scottish mathematical physicist among the pioneers of electromagnetism. Pynchon made use of his theoretical "Maxwell's Demon" in ''The Crying of Lot 49''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell Wikipedia entry]

'''Maxwell's ''Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism'' of 1873''' 
Full text of [http://www.archive.org/details/electricandmagne01maxwrich Volume 1] and [http://www.archive.org/details/electricandmag02maxwrich Volume 2] at the Internet Archive.

==Page 99==

'''the Invisible''' 
Up to this point there have been many mentions of things invisible, here capitalized. Recalling Blundell's quote from p. 24, suddenly everything connects and makes sense to Kit after his revelation. It is a mystical experience for him as he reaches this knowledge through something like a voice telling him.

'''So is altitude transformed, continuously, to light''' 
The potential energy of water at an altitude is realized when it falls, producing the flow of electricity required for the production of artificial light. 

'''Hamilton had experienced at Brougham Bridge in Ireland''' 
William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865) was an Irish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer who made important contributions to the development of optics, dynamics, and algebra. His discovery of quaternions is perhaps his best known investigation. The discovery of quaternions reportedly occurred during a walk with his wife by the Royal Canal in Dublin. Upon having the inspiration for the formula, he promptly carved it into the side of the nearby [[Brougham_Bridge |Broom (or Brougham) Bridge]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton Wikipedia entry]

'''a jump from one place to another''' 
An allusion to quantum jump (or quantum leap), which would be proposed some years later as a model for the electron's transition between energy states within an atom and as the sole cause of the emission of electromagnetic radiation, including that of ''light'', by atoms. Interestingly enough, the term "quantum leap" would later become a standard vernacular term to describe abrupt advances. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_leap Wikipedia entry]

'''with . . . what perilous æther opening between and beneath''' 
The etymology of ''air'' includes ''æther.'' The gap between initial and final states is a region where there's nothing to "support" the particle making the quantum jump.

'''the truth he now possessed in his personal interior, certain and unshakable''' 
Kit's belief in Vectorism is solidified. 
Not belief. He's broken through to a state where he doesn't have to write the math down—he sees directly from problem statement to solution.

'''Jack, we're seventeen''' 
Around 1900.

'''Pike's Peak or Bust!''' 
The slogan of miners heading to Colorado during the Gold Rush of 1859.

'''Frank got so nervous about climbing''' 
Is Frank acrophobic?

'''Cañon City alumnus''' 
An ex-convict who has done time in the Colorado pen.

'''swamping''' 
Menial work.

==Page 100==

'''Lieutenants of Industry Scholarship Program''' 
The metaphor "Captain of Industry" gets dusted off; Vibe is the captain, so his minions can't go any higher than lieutenants.

'''Mr. Merriwell, we really need this touchdown''' 
An allusion to the fictional character Frank Merriwell, an adventuresome student at Yale and football hero, he was created by the pulp fiction writer Gilbert Patten, who wrote under the pen name Burt L. Standish. The first story, "Frank Merriwell: or, First Days at Fardale" appeared in ''Tip Top Weekly'' on April 18, 1896. Merriwell went on to appear in comic books, radio programs, and dime novels. As the passage suggests, Merriwell constituted an idealized picture of the east coast, old money elite. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Merriwell Wikipedia Entry on Frank Merriwell]

'''Yale''' 
This possible deal with the devil that Kit makes to get into Yale recalls the evil pact made to get Tyrone Slothrop into Harvard in ''Gravity's Rainbow''.

'''Horsefeathers''' 
The title of a 1932 Marx Brothers film ("Horse Feathers"). Another possible indication for the promised Groucho Marx cameo. See also "ducksoup" (p.25)

'''Antietam''' 
The first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil, in 1862. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties.

'''substitute conscriptee''' 
The Enrollment Act of 1863 allowed draftees to pay $300 to a substitute who would serve for them. (See [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nygenese/purchase.jpg here] for an example substitution form.) J.P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Jay Gould, James Mellon and future president Grover Cleveland all hired substitutes. Within a year the price had gone up to $1,100, however. [http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1994/winter/civil-war-draft-records.html Civil War Draft Records: Exemptions and Enrollments]

==Page 101==

'''Cold Harbor''' 
There were two battles of Cold Harbor: the first, in 1862, predated Antietam, so this would have been the second in 1864 0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor Wikipedia].

'''the Brain and its Mysteries''' 
This is a recurring theme, with suggestions of neurological symptoms already seen, such as Miles Blondell's weird feelings and Lew Basnight's malady. As seen below, the presence of the bullet has some effects on his brain: he receives "communications, from far, far away," which can be symptoms of brain injuries.

'''Minié ball''' 
Prior to the development of the minie ball, rifles were not used in combat due to the difficulty in loading. The ammunition used by rifles was the same diameter as the barrel in order for the bullet to engage the groves of the rifled barrel. As a result the ball had to be forced into the barrel. The minie ball, originally designed by Captain Claude-Etienne Minie of France and improved on by manufacturers in the United States, changed warfare. Since the minie ball was smaller than the diameter of the barrel, it could be loaded quickly by dropping the bullet down the barrel. This conical lead bullet had two or three grooves and a conical cavity in its base. The gases, formed by the burning of powder once the firearm was fired, expanded the base of the bullet so that it engaged the rifling in the barrel. Thus, rifles could be loaded quickly and yet fired accurately; 620; [http://www.civilwar.si.edu/weapons_minieball.html From the Smithsonian website]

However, Minié balls are relatively large, generally .58 caliber, so that would be a mighty large piece of lead lodged in his brain. [http://www.eclectichistorian.net/RifleMusket/Minies.html Picture]

'''"far, far away"''' 
A nod to the opening lines of ''Star Wars''? “A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away..." 
A similar episode is in Richard Powers' "Three Farmers on their Way to a Dance" (1985), in which a character affirms that he can get military radio communications thanks to a dental filling. Richard Powers has often been compared to Pynchon.

'''physical well-being''' 
The dichotomy of bodily and spiritual well-being appears in the [[The World is at Fault]] letter that Pynchon wrote in the early 60s.

'''"if it exists"''' 
Assuming this is c1882, when the Standard Oil Trust was formed, it was already well-known.

==Page 102==
'''ten gallons of coffee''' 
Major caffeine abuse also figured in to ''Mason & Dixon''.

'''Twin Vibes''' 
Vibe and Walker work together in part because of Walker's "powers". These "vibrations" could be the source of the name Vibe.

'''With that kind of personal faith . . . handling snakes''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_handling Wikipedia] says snake-handling did not become a movement until the 1920s but was a sensational practice before the end of the 19th century. The requisite "personal faith" is defined in Mark 16:17-18: "And these signs shall follow them that believe: In my name . . . [t]hey shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them; they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover." Southern Appalachia is now the epicenter of snake-handling.

'''''"Izvinite... Hvala"''''' 
'Excuse me'... 'Thank you' in Croatian. [http://www.bugeurope.com/essentials/croatian.html [cite]] Also in Serbian, though written in a different alphabet.

==Page 103==

'''por vida''' 
For life.

'''a message from perhaps farther beyond...''' 
Kit may think it another message from the Invisible. Due to his belief in Vectorism?

'''how Mr. Vibe . . . had been left free to behave''' 
The mission given to Walker is to constrain Vibe, who in some sense shares a "karma" with him.

==Page 104==

'''"Tithing," Tesla said, "giving back to the day."''' 
Tesla's contempt for this tithing positions him as—wait for it—against the day.

==Page 105==

'''Jake with me''' 
Fine with me.

'''"not here on the desolate lee shore whose back country is death"''' 
Wonderful, just wonderful...

==Page 107==

Since this is 1899, the Chums should be six years older than they were in Chicago.

'''this era of desuetude''' 
Time when usual rules and customs are not being practiced.

'''midwatch''' 
The time between midnight and 4 a.m. Another naval practice observed by the Chums.

'''A boy . . . under a baggy cap with its bill turned sidewise''' 
I can't identify this as to title or date, but the subject appeared in lithographs that hung in many homes in the first half of the 20th century.

'''Tesla device''' 
A radio. He received a patent for the radio after his death. The transmissions of July 3, 1899 (see Page 97, above) were used as evidence that he should be granted the patent.

:A member of the wiki has pointed out that Tesla recorded thunderstorm observations on that date but did not carry out transmissions.

'''voices . . . difficult to credit with any origin in the material sphere . . . hoarse whispering''' 
Messages coming from a world the Chums don't inhabit? From outside their novel, I suggest, specifically from their author, who is preparing to take over the narration again.

'''Indian Ocean islands of Amsterdam and St.Paul''' 
As noted in the text, Indian Ocean Islands. Both are volcanic in origin. They remain without permanent residents.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul Wikipedia article on St. Paul Island]

'''westerlies''' 
A westerly is a wind that is ''coming from'' the west, not heading toward the west. The Chums must therefore have been somewhere in Europe, Africa or Central Asia at the time.

==Page 108==

'''islets vanished from the nautical charts''' 
Do features really vanish from charts? Could it be that their ''names'' were no longer recorded?

It is possible that some small islands collapse or are eroded, and disappear below the sea, to "rejoin the Invisible".

'''St. Masque''' 
This island's name may have been one of the ones to vanish.

'''huge underground construction''' 
The description calls to mind Boston's "Big Dig," or a bunker such as those built by SAC, NORAD or other military organizations. In particular it brings to mind the Cheyenne Mountain Directorate in Colorado Springs, CO.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne_Mountain]

'''''Megaera''''' 
One of the Greek Furies. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaera [Wikipedia]]

Apparently a real shipwreck as well. [http://www2.xlibris.com/bookstore/book_excerpt.asp?bookid=1535 [Scroll down to St. Paul Island]]

'''four hundred of us made it''' 
The informative page linked in the preceding entry is pretty clear: 330-odd of them made it.

'''"Curious," Chick said.''' 
His register of speech is very different from what we heard in earlier episodes.

==Page 109==

'''the volcano''' 
''Not'' Krakatoa. The Chums are in the middle of the Indian Ocean.

'''antipodal to Colorado Springs''' 
Amsterdam and St. Paul are, to within a few dozen miles, exactly on the opposite side of the Earth to the Springs. Because Tesla's work there wound up early in 1900, the antipodal point could not have held much interest after that. The 1899 dating holds.

'''Chums of Chance Logistical Services''' 
In the whole series of novels this is probably the only mention of CoCLS. All the other books had instruments, weapons, etc., just appear without explanation. "Never questioned, always on time" simply because it's written (or unwritten) that way.

'''mephitically seeping volcano''' 
"Mephitic" means foul-smelling.

'''President McKinley''' 
Since McKinley was assassinated (by an anarchist) in September, 1901, this situates the episode some time between 1899 and 1901.

'''a beach so intensely sunlit as to appear almost colorless''' 
Again an excess of light takes away from the ambience rather than adding to it.

'''blindness at the heart of a diamond''' 
This enigmatic imagery is reflected (no pun intended) in a few references: [http://books.google.com//books?num=100&q=heart.of.a.diamond&as_brr=0 more] 

"where the light came down sifted through so many emerald screens that it was as flawless as the heart of a diamond. " (''Anne of Green Gables'', Chapt. 15, by Lucy Maud Montgomery) 

"It was a singularly sharp night, and clear as the heart of a diamond."'' A Story that is Untrue'' by Ambrose Bierce 

blindness seems not to be a positive with this metaphor. No light, a heart that cannot see. Diamonds = lightlessness.

'''Since his''' (Darby's) '''voice had changed''' 
In three-quarters of a century Tom Swift didn't age half a dozen years. The Chums could not have aged much before ''AtD'' opened, because they weren't very old to begin with. Now the mascotte who sang the treble parts has become an adolescent.

==Page 110==

'''The once cheery mascotte... into a distrust of authority''' 
In this section Darby Suckling looks to be the "punk" of the Chums ala Darby Crash. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darby_Crash Wikipedia]

'''Nihilism''' 
Nihilism comes from the Latin ''nihil'', or nothing. It appears in the verb "annihilate", meaning to bring to nothing, to destroy completely. Nihilism is the belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated. It is often associated with extreme pessimism and a radical skepticism that condemns existence. A true nihilist would believe in nothing, have no loyalties, and no purpose other than, perhaps, an impulse to destroy. Nihilism is most often associated with Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) who argued that its corrosive effects would eventually destroy all moral, religious, and metaphysical convictions and precipitate the greatest crisis in human history. Ivan Turgenev's ''Fathers and Sons'' (1862) popularized ''nihilism'' by his character Bazarov who preached a creed of total negation. In Russia, nihilism became identified with a loosely organized revolutionary movement (1860-1917) that rejected the authority of the state, church, and family. The movement advocated a social arrangement based on rationalism and materialism as the sole source of knowledge, and individual freedom as the highest goal. The movement eventually deteriorated into an ethos of subversion, destruction, and anarchy. And by the late 1870s, a nihilist was anyone associated with clandestine political groups advocating terrorism and assassination. ([http://www.iep.utm.edu/n/nihilism.htm Nihilism]).

'''Platonic polyhedra''' 
In the Timaeus of Plato, the eponymous character claims, in what he calls his "likely story," that the cosmos was created by the gathering of triangles into regular solids which coincide with the four elements: the pyramid (fire), cube (earth), octahedron (air), icosahedron (water), and dodecahedron. The dodecahedron becomes associated with Æther.

'''Clarendons''' 
Clarendon is a serif typeface created in 1845 that was often used for wanted posters in the Old West. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarendon_%28typeface%29 Wikipedia entry, with a sample]

'''FUNDAMENT-SEIZING''' 
Ass-grabbing.

'''"Zumbledy bongbong," [Miles Blundell] called encouragingly, as the food flew. "Vamble, Vamble!"''' 
Miles's odd speech may be an allusion to that of the Muppets' Swedish Chef.

He may also be speaking in tongues, or simply have some sort of apraxia of speech, given these comments and those on the following page.

==Page 111==

'''unmix a failed sauce''' 
There is a folk belief, however, that mayonnaise and other egg-based sauces will separate during a thunderstorm. You can, however, re-mix sauces of this kind that have de-emulsified.

'''time is intrinsic in every recipe''' 
Not whether you bake the pie for 20 minutes or 40. What's intrinsic is that the recipe always takes you forward in time. Start with ground meat, end with a hamburger, never the other way around.

'''dog's dinner''' 
Something that is ostentatiously smart [http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/dogs-dinner.html Definition].

'''In the U.S.A., it was almost the Fourth of July''' 
''Inconvenience'' is a day ahead of the U.S., being well west of the International Date Line.

'''noteworthy episodes of military explosion . . . necessary to maintain the integrity of the American homeland''' 
Put the stress on ''military.'' Other explosions achieve different purposes.

'''Explosion without an objective . . . is politics in its purest form''' 
Set this against not only the next entry but also against Drave's aphorism "Remorse without an object is a doorway to deliverance" (p. 39).

'''Haymarket bomb . . . wonders of chemistry''' 
Cf. p. 79, "the widely admired Mexican principle of politics through chemistry."

==Page 112==

'''I wish I knew what they were arguing about''' 
Randolph's consciousness has not been raised, as we used to say in the 1970s.

'''"the nature of the skyrocket's ascent"''' 
Chumps of Choice blog [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2007/01/dance-of-anarchy-and-change.html suggests] that this refers to ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

'''about the trajectories of your own lives''' 
Miles has divined that the Chums have adventures (the display) but also intervals when their movement is unsensed from outside: between the end of one of their novels and the beginning of the next one.

'''"Think, bloviators, think!"''' 
To bloviate means to speak or write at length in a pompous or boastful manner. CoC blog [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2007/01/dance-of-anarchy-and-change.html suggests] that this, coupled with the verbose allusion to ''Gravity's Rainbow'' above, is Pynchon's message to jargony commentators of his work, presumably in academia.

Presumably, us as well

'''By the time ''Inconvenience'' was ready to take once more to the sky''' 
Another damned anticlimax. They travel halfway around the world, Logistical Services puts on a big push to supply the experimental station, and we get ''not one single word'' about any data collected or knowledge gained as a result of Tesla's experiments.

'''President McKinley . . . naked woman . . . National Bird . . . something to eat . . . one of the Platonic polyhedra . . . draped female personage''' 
It is hard to see how the final figurehead choice is a "compromise" among these candidates.

==Page 113==

'''X.O.''' 
In many militaries' units, the executive officer (XO) is the second-in-command, reporting to the commanding officer (CO).

'''"contamination by the secular"''' 
Secular can be defined as "denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis." As the Chums have so far not been overtly religious, perhaps they mean secular in the spiritual sense?

Secular also means "worldly", as in, that which the Chums of Chance are literally above: 113: "That sort of bickering may be for ground people, but it is not for us."

'''Gloymbroognitz thidfusp''' 
Odd. Sounds like something from Adams' ''Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'', but isn't. Anyone?
Famous, surreal Polish writer of the 20th Century, Gombrowitz, Wittold 
Miles is having trouble communicating in words. See p. 110 and 111

'''Surabaya''' 
Today in Indonesia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surabaya Wikipedia entry]

'''"Special Japanese Oyster"''' 
The pearl that comes from this oyster that facilitates communications from the Chums' Upper Hierarchy is a result of Japanese experimentation "a pearl of quite uncommon size and iridescence, seeming indeed to glow
from within" that connects with the red calcite that powers the Q-weapon, as well as Merle's and Bounce's device later in the novel. [[Q-weapon and Photography|Read on...]]

==Page 114==

'''Nernst lamps''' An early incandescent lamp invented by Hermann Nernst (1864-1941), which made use of a heated ceramic rod to produce light in ambient air (in contrast to Edison's incandescent, which required a vacuum to operate).

'''Dr. Mikimoto (Kokichi)''' Produced the first cultured pearl in 1893 in Toba, Japan. As he left school at 13 to help support his family, any Doctorate he may have obtained must have been honorary.

And the Japanese:

:Through a highly secret technical process, developed in Japan at around the same time Dr. Mikimoto was producing his first cultured pearls, portions of the original aragonite which made up the nacreous layers of the pearl had, through “induced paramorphism,” as it was known to the artful sons of Nippon, been selectively changed here and there to a different form of calcium carbonate namely, to microscopic crystals of the doubly-refracting calcite known as Iceland spar.

And remember that Baz Zaharoff, on [[ATD_892-918#Page 906|page 906]], is headed to Japan because:

:"it’s ''they'' who want to sell ''him'' something, you see. Everyone’s being ever so dark about it. The item doesn’t even have a name anyone agrees on, except for a Q in it somewhere I think. Something they came into possession of a few years ago and now have up for sale on most attractive terms, almost as if..."

More about the Q-weapon on [[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1037|p. 1037]]...

'''Iceland Spar''' 
"Spar," in mineralogy: a transparent or translucent light-colored crystalline mineral, usually readily cleaved and somewhat lustrous; e.g. Iceland spar (calcite) . . . . (paraphrased from Bates & Jackson, ''Glossary of Geology,'' 2nd ed.)

See this handy "About Geology" page [http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blcalcite.htm], with an illustration demonstrating a spar's double-refraction effect on printed letters--remarkably like that on the cover of ATD! This kind of calcite has rhombohedral cleavage, because each of its faces is a rhombus, a warped rectangle in which none of the corners are square. Is each of the rectangular pages of ATD then a warped cleavage from some sort of crystalline whole, refracting its text in several directions at once? Of course, to the Chums the text message they receive from Upper Hierarchy has but one simple meaning. "Paramorphism" = the structural alteration of a mineral without any change in its external form or chemical composition.

And look at this too, how to make Iceland Spar animations:
[http://images.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgmay04/dwd/dwf1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artmay04/dwjpegcyc.html&h=300&w=400&sz=15&hl=it&start=12&tbnid=NQMhCqiW1apqNM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bspar%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dit]

'''divided into two separate rays, termed "ordinary" and "extraordinary" 
In the optics lab, physics students split a laser beam into two rays, which impinge on an object and are reflected onto a photographic plate, generating a hologram. The Japanese here anticipate the process, using the differently polarized rays (split by the Iceland spar) instead of laser light and replacing the plate with minute crystals in the pearl. The idea of three-dimensional holography and data storage in solid crystals would not resurface until the 1950s or 60s.

'''the limitless mischief of pearls''' 
A book's worth of superstitions exist around pearls. Pearls bring tears. The bride must wear pearls. The bride who wears pearls will be unhappy. If your pearl loses its luster, you are about to die. A pearl dissolved in wine is a poison. A pearl dissolved in wine is a love potion.

'''get up buoyancy''' 
A surface ship "gets up steam" in preparation for departure. Another naval or nautical analog.

'''Etienne-Louis Malus''' 
1775-1812, a French officer and mathematician whose work was predominantly concerned with light. He studied ray systems, and his theory on polarisation was published in 1809. His theory of the double refraction of light in crystals was published in 1810. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etienne-Louis_Malus Wikipedia] Malus is also the genus of the apple. Malus is best known for his law describing intensity of light as it passes through polarized materials. There are delicious metaphorical implications for any reader of a Pynchon novel.

'''pearls''' 
Probably meant to contrast the "blindness at the heart of a diamond" referred to on p. 109. Pynchon may want to call to mind ''The Scarlet Letter'', in which Pearl, the child produced by the union of the protagonist, Hester Prynne, and the Rev. Dimsdale, becomes a symbol of beauty derived from sin (there, and likely here, represented by the grain of sand around which the pearl forms).

'''Dr. Alden Vormance''' "
Vormance's surname may be meant to combine "Romance" and "worm," calling to mind the Romantic exuberance that motivated 19th century exploratory expeditions as well as the serpent of the Biblical expulsion story. 
Another Pynchonian "V" name and we know what Pynchon thinks of "Romantic exuberance". See GR, at least. And a remark in ATD [to find]. 
Alternatively, Vormance may be a conflation of the German prefix ''vor-'' (meaning "forward") with the -mancy combining form (e.g. necromancy) meaning prophecy--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 12:38, 11 February 2007 (PST)

'''a strong presumption of Bad Taste''' 
The Chums seek to avoid this accusation just as Peter Pan tries to avert Captain Hook's taunt, "Bad form." The phrase occurs in J.M. Barrie's novel ''Peter Pan'' (''Peter and Wendy''), possibly also in the stage version, and again in the movie ''Hook.''

==Page 115==
'''(Johannes) Kepler''' 
(1571-1630), mathematician best known for his laws of planetary motion, one of the foundations of Isaac Newton's theory of gravity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler Wikipedia]

'''Edmond Halley''' 
1656-1742, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Halley Halley] was an English physical scientist most remembered for the comet he which he predicted would return. In 1692 he proposed that the earth was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_Earth hollow]. In 1698 he departed on a two year voyage as captain of the HMS Paramore in order to measure variations in the Earth's magnetic field. In 1716 he suggested timing the transit of Venus to determine the distance between the earth and the sun.

'''(Leonhard) Euler''' 
The method of traverse (pun ignored) by which the Chums proceed became known as a Symmes' Hole after John Cleeves Symmes who, in 1818 circulated a pamphlet arguing for the existence of such holes in the polar regions and further volunteered to lead an expedition to said regions.

Symmes' following lecture tours were further carried forth by one J.N. Reynolds. "[Edgar Allen] Poe is said to have repeatedly called out the name "Reynolds" on the night before his death, though no one has ever been able to identify the person to whom he referred." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_allen_poe Edgar Allen Poe's] first published short story, "Ms. Found in a Bottle" (1833) took, as its premise, the existence of Symmes' Holes: theoretical holes in the polar areas which led to a hollow interior.

:Research has its charms, but so does mindless surfing. [http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/2007/03/ This blog] presents a map of the Earth inside the Earth, complete with Shambhala. The layout unfortunately doesn't fit the ''AtD'' account, but it's quite funny.

'''the great portal . . . ''noticeably smaller''''' 
Unrelieved light is unendurable; the entry into the Earth offers shadow, but the region of shelter has shrunk. Unrelieved ultraviolet light is deadly; the "ozone layer" in the atmosphere serves as protection, but the cover has shrunk—particularly in the Antarctic—as the "ozone hole" has grown larger. A small parallel, but it forwards the theme a little.

==Page 116==

'''vatic''' 
Prophetic. [http://dictionary.reference.com/wordoftheday/archive/2004/10/21.html [def]]

'''this is a self-protective reflex''' 
In his mystical phase Miles proves to be a believer in [http://www.ecolo.org/lovelock/ James Lovelock's "Gaia."]

'''the ship's nitro-lycopodium engines''' 
''Inconvenience'' has gone through a major refit, apparently: no more hydrogen power. Lycopodium consists of spores from a club moss, usually ''Lycopodium clavatum.'' It is a highly flammable yellowish powder. Photographers used it for flash illumination. In principle, an internal combustion engine can run on a powdered fuel, though difficulties abound in practice. The "nitro" part is a puzzle; nitromethane (called "nitro" or, in drag racing, simply "fuel") seems the most obvious reference. Do the ship's engines use a slurry of lycopodium in nitromethane? That would be a tricky fuel to handle. 
I don't think "nitro" refers to a particular, separate substance. The prefix nitro- indicates a substance whose molecules have the group NO2 attached to them. The oxygen in this group is easily released, with the result that nitro-compounds usually burn very rapidly and intensely, effectively having their own internal oxygen supply. Strictly the prefix should be applied to well defined molecular species such as nitromethane, nitrobenzene, etc, etc. However it is also used for complex biological substances treated with a nitrating agent such as nitric acid: nitrocotton (gun cotton) is a common example. Pynchon has probably invented nitro-lycopodium as a plausible though non-existent propellant, in the fashion we're accustomed to seeing with him.--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 06:57, 11 February 2007 (PST)

'''night-glass''' 
Telescopes and binoculars are described by their magnifying power (say 7X) and the diameter of their objective lens or "pupil" (say 35 mm). For many years 7X35 binoculars were a practical compromise for field use (army issue, etc.), but these were useless at night because they could not collect enough light. "Night" binoculars might be 7X50 or even larger. Similarly, a night-glass is a telescope with an oversized lens in front.

'''electrical sound-magnifier''' 
What would come to be called an ''amplifier'' in post-Chums times.

'''human timbres and rhythms, not speech so much as music''' 
Again the "choir" image as on [[ATD_1-25#Page_19|page 19.]]

==Page 117==

'''bolts of intense greenish light''' 
Hmm, the Chums are getting the same view of this war as America got of the "Shock and Awe" campaign in Baghdad.

'''the byzantine politics of the region''' 
Byzantine: fiendishly complicated, from ''Byzantium,'' the name of the city that would later become Constantinople and later again Istanbul.

'''royal court of Chthonica''' 
The adjective ''chthonic'' means "of the earth" or "of the underworld" and is often used to refer to the gods and other entities residing under the surface of the earth. The adjective is used creatively, and most famously, in the fictional works of H.P. Lovecraft ... a chief deity of his ficitional universe being Cthulhu.

'''Plutonia''' 
[http://www.trussel.com/prehist/plutonia.htm "Plutonia"] is the title of a novel written by Russian geologist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Obruchev "Vladimir Obruchev"], published in 1915. According to [http://www.sfsite.com/fsf/2000/cur0002.htm "here"], it's a hollow-earth story.

The "Plutonist" movement, as opposed to the "Neptunist", was quite in vogue in the late 1800s, being a theory of geography which held that the interior heat of the earth was somehow responsible for various geological processes.

'''Tunbridge Wells''' 
[http://www.icons.org.uk/nom/nominations/disgusted-of-tunbridge-wells "Disgusted of Tunbridge Wells"] is an archetypal figure of conservative England whose correspondence can be found frequently in newspapers railing at the latest outrages of modernity. Tunbridge Wells briefly features in Gravity's Rainbow.

On whether this and the subterranean adventure may allude to ''Gravity's Rainbow,'' see [[Talk:ATD_97-118|Discussion]].

'''my harmless little intraterrestrial scherzo''' 
Once again, the unseen narrator appears. By inference, the narrator is also the author of the various ''Chums of Chance...'' books referenced in ATD. This episode's also a little ''inter-textual'' scherzo: Poe (''Arthur Gordon Pym''), Jules Verne, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_the_Earth%27s_Core_%28novel%29 Edgar Rice Burroughs and Pelucidar], ''Star Trek'', Indiana Jones and the Hollow Earth... and Jeremiah Dixon's own underground journey in M&D. Doesn't Chick Counterfly sound rather Spockian here (cf. 115, bottom)?

==Page 118==

'''a tiny circle of brightness far ahead''' 
Literally "the light at the end of the tunnel," a metaphor used repeatedly, and to no good effect, by American political leaders starting some weeks after the beginning of the Vietnam War.

'''a tricky bit of steering''' 
If you emerge at the North Pole, every way you steer is south, so ''which'' south will take you to the rendezvous?

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 97-118

2007-06-14T18:58:36Z

Cal: /* Page 113 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 97==

'''the iron of their shoes . . . seeking the magnetic memory of that long-ago visit''' 
Familiar cartoon gag, a ''horseshoe'' magnet attracting all sorts of hardware as it flies through the air.

'''the Rebellion''' 
What the North called the Civil War. [[ATD_1-25#Page_7|Another reference...]]

'''Tesla, Dr. Nikola''' (1856-1943) 
Tesla was a Serb-American inventor, engineer and physicist whose patents and theoretical work form the basis of modern alternating current electric power (AC) systems, radio, and a bunch of other stuff. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla Wikipedia entry] Tesla researched in Colorado Springs from May 1899 - January 1900, a location he chose because of the frequent thunderstorms, the high altitude, and the dryness of the air. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#Colorado_Springs Wikipedia on Tesla at Colorado Springs].

Much of the the funding for his Colorado Springs laboratory came from Colonel John Jacob Astor. Tesla's friend and patent lawyer, Leonard E. Curtis, persuaded the El Paso Power Company to supply Tesla with all the electricity he wanted, free of charge. The arrangement ended the night Tesla's activities burned out the dynamo and the entire city lost power. [http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_colspr.html PBS: Tesla - Master of Lightning]

"Tesla logged in his diary on July 3, 1899 that a separate resonance transformer tuned to the same high frequency as a larger high-voltage resonance transformer would transceive energy from the larger coil, acting as a transmitter of wireless energy, which was used to confirm Tesla's patent for radio during later disputes in the courts. These air core high-frequency resonate coils were the predecessors of systems from radio to radar and medical magnetic resonance imaging devices." [http://www.crystalinks.com/tesla.html] This information was later used to confirm his patent for radio which he received posthumously in 1946, 3 years after his death. [http://www.resonanceresearch.com/nikola-tesla-coils-picture-colorado-1899-labratory.htm].

Pynchon confuses this 03 July 'vision', during a natural electrical storm, with later experimental generation of high voltages.

[http://www.teslasociety.com The Tesla Society] confusingly describes Tesla as a "Serbian-born American" but states his birthplace as Smiljan, Croatia.

'''Vectorist . . . by way of the Electricity''' 
Vector symbolism offers an economical way to describe electrical processes; electrical engineers still use vector algebra and vector analysis combined with concepts from complex number theory.

==Page 98==

'''a turbine generator located underneath a waterfall''' 
Not sitting there to catch the falling water. A waterfall is a convenient place for a power plant because you can get easy access to two elevations: take in water at the top, install your turbine at the bottom. The mention of penstocks and other plumbing farther down the page confirms that the flow is being captured in pipes at the head of the fall and run through a turbine at the bottom.

'''engineering students... from Cornell, Yale''' 
Cornell is Pynchon's alma mater, where he initially studied engineering. [[Thomas Pynchon|Pynchon bio]]

'''Maxwell''' 
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) was a Scottish mathematical physicist among the pioneers of electromagnetism. Pynchon made use of his theoretical "Maxwell's Demon" in ''The Crying of Lot 49''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell Wikipedia entry]

'''Maxwell's ''Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism'' of 1873''' 
Full text of [http://www.archive.org/details/electricandmagne01maxwrich Volume 1] and [http://www.archive.org/details/electricandmag02maxwrich Volume 2] at the Internet Archive.

==Page 99==

'''the Invisible''' 
Up to this point there have been many mentions of things invisible, here capitalized. Recalling Blundell's quote from p. 24, suddenly everything connects and makes sense to Kit after his revelation. It is a mystical experience for him as he reaches this knowledge through something like a voice telling him.

'''So is altitude transformed, continuously, to light''' 
The potential energy of water at an altitude is realized when it falls, producing the flow of electricity required for the production of artificial light. 

'''Hamilton had experienced at Brougham Bridge in Ireland''' 
William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865) was an Irish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer who made important contributions to the development of optics, dynamics, and algebra. His discovery of quaternions is perhaps his best known investigation. The discovery of quaternions reportedly occurred during a walk with his wife by the Royal Canal in Dublin. Upon having the inspiration for the formula, he promptly carved it into the side of the nearby [[Brougham_Bridge |Broom (or Brougham) Bridge]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton Wikipedia entry]

'''a jump from one place to another''' 
An allusion to quantum jump (or quantum leap), which would be proposed some years later as a model for the electron's transition between energy states within an atom and as the sole cause of the emission of electromagnetic radiation, including that of ''light'', by atoms. Interestingly enough, the term "quantum leap" would later become a standard vernacular term to describe abrupt advances. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_leap Wikipedia entry]

'''with . . . what perilous æther opening between and beneath''' 
The etymology of ''air'' includes ''æther.'' The gap between initial and final states is a region where there's nothing to "support" the particle making the quantum jump.

'''the truth he now possessed in his personal interior, certain and unshakable''' 
Kit's belief in Vectorism is solidified. 
Not belief. He's broken through to a state where he doesn't have to write the math down—he sees directly from problem statement to solution.

'''Jack, we're seventeen''' 
Around 1900.

'''Pike's Peak or Bust!''' 
The slogan of miners heading to Colorado during the Gold Rush of 1859.

'''Frank got so nervous about climbing''' 
Is Frank acrophobic?

'''Cañon City alumnus''' 
An ex-convict who has done time in the Colorado pen.

'''swamping''' 
Menial work.

==Page 100==

'''Lieutenants of Industry Scholarship Program''' 
The metaphor "Captain of Industry" gets dusted off; Vibe is the captain, so his minions can't go any higher than lieutenants.

'''Mr. Merriwell, we really need this touchdown''' 
An allusion to the fictional character Frank Merriwell, an adventuresome student at Yale and football hero, he was created by the pulp fiction writer Gilbert Patten, who wrote under the pen name Burt L. Standish. The first story, "Frank Merriwell: or, First Days at Fardale" appeared in ''Tip Top Weekly'' on April 18, 1896. Merriwell went on to appear in comic books, radio programs, and dime novels. As the passage suggests, Merriwell constituted an idealized picture of the east coast, old money elite. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Merriwell Wikipedia Entry on Frank Merriwell]

'''Yale''' 
This possible deal with the devil that Kit makes to get into Yale recalls the evil pact made to get Tyrone Slothrop into Harvard in ''Gravity's Rainbow''.

'''Horsefeathers''' 
The title of a 1932 Marx Brothers film ("Horse Feathers"). Another possible indication for the promised Groucho Marx cameo. See also "ducksoup" (p.25)

'''Antietam''' 
The first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil, in 1862. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties.

'''substitute conscriptee''' 
The Enrollment Act of 1863 allowed draftees to pay $300 to a substitute who would serve for them. (See [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nygenese/purchase.jpg here] for an example substitution form.) J.P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Jay Gould, James Mellon and future president Grover Cleveland all hired substitutes. Within a year the price had gone up to $1,100, however. [http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1994/winter/civil-war-draft-records.html Civil War Draft Records: Exemptions and Enrollments]

==Page 101==

'''Cold Harbor''' 
There were two battles of Cold Harbor: the first, in 1862, predated Antietam, so this would have been the second in 1864 0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor Wikipedia].

'''the Brain and its Mysteries''' 
This is a recurring theme, with suggestions of neurological symptoms already seen, such as Miles Blondell's weird feelings and Lew Basnight's malady. As seen below, the presence of the bullet has some effects on his brain: he receives "communications, from far, far away," which can be symptoms of brain injuries.

'''Minié ball''' 
Prior to the development of the minie ball, rifles were not used in combat due to the difficulty in loading. The ammunition used by rifles was the same diameter as the barrel in order for the bullet to engage the groves of the rifled barrel. As a result the ball had to be forced into the barrel. The minie ball, originally designed by Captain Claude-Etienne Minie of France and improved on by manufacturers in the United States, changed warfare. Since the minie ball was smaller than the diameter of the barrel, it could be loaded quickly by dropping the bullet down the barrel. This conical lead bullet had two or three grooves and a conical cavity in its base. The gases, formed by the burning of powder once the firearm was fired, expanded the base of the bullet so that it engaged the rifling in the barrel. Thus, rifles could be loaded quickly and yet fired accurately; 620; [http://www.civilwar.si.edu/weapons_minieball.html From the Smithsonian website]

However, Minié balls are relatively large, generally .58 caliber, so that would be a mighty large piece of lead lodged in his brain. [http://www.eclectichistorian.net/RifleMusket/Minies.html Picture]

'''"far, far away"''' 
A nod to the opening lines of ''Star Wars''? “A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away..." 
A similar episode is in Richard Powers' "Three Farmers on their Way to a Dance" (1985), in which a character affirms that he can get military radio communications thanks to a dental filling. Richard Powers has often been compared to Pynchon.

'''physical well-being''' 
The dichotomy of bodily and spiritual well-being appears in the [[The World is at Fault]] letter that Pynchon wrote in the early 60s.

'''"if it exists"''' 
Assuming this is c1882, when the Standard Oil Trust was formed, it was already well-known.

==Page 102==
'''ten gallons of coffee''' 
Major caffeine abuse also figured in to ''Mason & Dixon''.

'''Twin Vibes''' 
Vibe and Walker work together in part because of Walker's "powers". These "vibrations" could be the source of the name Vibe.

'''With that kind of personal faith . . . handling snakes''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_handling Wikipedia] says snake-handling did not become a movement until the 1920s but was a sensational practice before the end of the 19th century. The requisite "personal faith" is defined in Mark 16:17-18: "And these signs shall follow them that believe: In my name . . . [t]hey shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them; they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover." Southern Appalachia is now the epicenter of snake-handling.

'''''"Izvinite... Hvala"''''' 
'Excuse me'... 'Thank you' in Croatian. [http://www.bugeurope.com/essentials/croatian.html [cite]] Also in Serbian, though written in a different alphabet.

==Page 103==

'''por vida''' 
For life.

'''a message from perhaps farther beyond...''' 
Kit may think it another message from the Invisible. Due to his belief in Vectorism?

'''how Mr. Vibe . . . had been left free to behave''' 
The mission given to Walker is to constrain Vibe, who in some sense shares a "karma" with him.

==Page 104==

'''"Tithing," Tesla said, "giving back to the day."''' 
Tesla's contempt for this tithing positions him as—wait for it—against the day.

==Page 105==

'''Jake with me''' 
Fine with me.

'''"not here on the desolate lee shore whose back country is death"''' 
Wonderful, just wonderful...

==Page 107==

Since this is 1899, the Chums should be six years older than they were in Chicago.

'''this era of desuetude''' 
Time when usual rules and customs are not being practiced.

'''midwatch''' 
The time between midnight and 4 a.m. Another naval practice observed by the Chums.

'''A boy . . . under a baggy cap with its bill turned sidewise''' 
I can't identify this as to title or date, but the subject appeared in lithographs that hung in many homes in the first half of the 20th century.

'''Tesla device''' 
A radio. He received a patent for the radio after his death. The transmissions of July 3, 1899 (see Page 97, above) were used as evidence that he should be granted the patent.

:A member of the wiki has pointed out that Tesla recorded thunderstorm observations on that date but did not carry out transmissions.

'''voices . . . difficult to credit with any origin in the material sphere . . . hoarse whispering''' 
Messages coming from a world the Chums don't inhabit? From outside their novel, I suggest, specifically from their author, who is preparing to take over the narration again.

'''Indian Ocean islands of Amsterdam and St.Paul''' 
As noted in the text, Indian Ocean Islands. Both are volcanic in origin. They remain without permanent residents.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul Wikipedia article on St. Paul Island]

'''westerlies''' 
A westerly is a wind that is ''coming from'' the west, not heading toward the west. The Chums must therefore have been somewhere in Europe, Africa or Central Asia at the time.

==Page 108==

'''islets vanished from the nautical charts''' 
Do features really vanish from charts? Could it be that their ''names'' were no longer recorded?

It is possible that some small islands collapse or are eroded, and disappear below the sea, to "rejoin the Invisible".

'''St. Masque''' 
This island's name may have been one of the ones to vanish.

'''huge underground construction''' 
The description calls to mind Boston's "Big Dig," or a bunker such as those built by SAC, NORAD or other military organizations. In particular it brings to mind the Cheyenne Mountain Directorate in Colorado Springs, CO.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne_Mountain]

'''''Megaera''''' 
One of the Greek Furies. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaera [Wikipedia]]

Apparently a real shipwreck as well. [http://www2.xlibris.com/bookstore/book_excerpt.asp?bookid=1535 [Scroll down to St. Paul Island]]

'''four hundred of us made it''' 
The informative page linked in the preceding entry is pretty clear: 330-odd of them made it.

'''"Curious," Chick said.''' 
His register of speech is very different from what we heard in earlier episodes.

==Page 109==

'''the volcano''' 
''Not'' Krakatoa. The Chums are in the middle of the Indian Ocean.

'''antipodal to Colorado Springs''' 
Amsterdam and St. Paul are, to within a few dozen miles, exactly on the opposite side of the Earth to the Springs. Because Tesla's work there wound up early in 1900, the antipodal point could not have held much interest after that. The 1899 dating holds.

'''Chums of Chance Logistical Services''' 
In the whole series of novels this is probably the only mention of CoCLS. All the other books had instruments, weapons, etc., just appear without explanation. "Never questioned, always on time" simply because it's written (or unwritten) that way.

'''mephitically seeping volcano''' 
"Mephitic" means foul-smelling.

'''President McKinley''' 
Since McKinley was assassinated (by an anarchist) in September, 1901, this situates the episode some time between 1899 and 1901.

'''a beach so intensely sunlit as to appear almost colorless''' 
Again an excess of light takes away from the ambience rather than adding to it.

'''blindness at the heart of a diamond''' 
This enigmatic imagery is reflected (no pun intended) in a few references: [http://books.google.com//books?num=100&q=heart.of.a.diamond&as_brr=0 more] 

"where the light came down sifted through so many emerald screens that it was as flawless as the heart of a diamond. " (''Anne of Green Gables'', Chapt. 15, by Lucy Maud Montgomery) 

"It was a singularly sharp night, and clear as the heart of a diamond."'' A Story that is Untrue'' by Ambrose Bierce 

blindness seems not to be a positive with this metaphor. No light, a heart that cannot see. Diamonds = lightlessness.

'''Since his''' (Darby's) '''voice had changed''' 
In three-quarters of a century Tom Swift didn't age half a dozen years. The Chums could not have aged much before ''AtD'' opened, because they weren't very old to begin with. Now the mascotte who sang the treble parts has become an adolescent.

==Page 110==

'''The once cheery mascotte... into a distrust of authority''' 
In this section Darby Suckling looks to be the "punk" of the Chums ala Darby Crash. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darby_Crash Wikipedia]

'''Nihilism''' 
Nihilism comes from the Latin ''nihil'', or nothing. It appears in the verb "annihilate", meaning to bring to nothing, to destroy completely. Nihilism is the belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated. It is often associated with extreme pessimism and a radical skepticism that condemns existence. A true nihilist would believe in nothing, have no loyalties, and no purpose other than, perhaps, an impulse to destroy. Nihilism is most often associated with Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) who argued that its corrosive effects would eventually destroy all moral, religious, and metaphysical convictions and precipitate the greatest crisis in human history. Ivan Turgenev's ''Fathers and Sons'' (1862) popularized ''nihilism'' by his character Bazarov who preached a creed of total negation. In Russia, nihilism became identified with a loosely organized revolutionary movement (1860-1917) that rejected the authority of the state, church, and family. The movement advocated a social arrangement based on rationalism and materialism as the sole source of knowledge, and individual freedom as the highest goal. The movement eventually deteriorated into an ethos of subversion, destruction, and anarchy. And by the late 1870s, a nihilist was anyone associated with clandestine political groups advocating terrorism and assassination. ([http://www.iep.utm.edu/n/nihilism.htm Nihilism]).

'''Platonic polyhedra''' 
In the Timaeus of Plato, the eponymous character claims, in what he calls his "likely story," that the cosmos was created by the gathering of triangles into regular solids which coincide with the four elements: the pyramid (fire), cube (earth), octahedron (air), icosahedron (water), and dodecahedron. The dodecahedron becomes associated with Æther.

'''Clarendons''' 
Clarendon is a serif typeface created in 1845 that was often used for wanted posters in the Old West. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarendon_%28typeface%29 Wikipedia entry, with a sample]

'''FUNDAMENT-SEIZING''' 
Ass-grabbing.

'''"Zumbledy bongbong," [Miles Blundell] called encouragingly, as the food flew. "Vamble, Vamble!"''' 
Miles's odd speech may be an allusion to that of the Muppets' Swedish Chef.

He may also be speaking in tongues, or simply have some sort of apraxia of speech, given these comments and those on the following page.

==Page 111==

'''unmix a failed sauce''' 
There is a folk belief, however, that mayonnaise and other egg-based sauces will separate during a thunderstorm. You can, however, re-mix sauces of this kind that have de-emulsified.

'''time is intrinsic in every recipe''' 
Not whether you bake the pie for 20 minutes or 40. What's intrinsic is that the recipe always takes you forward in time. Start with ground meat, end with a hamburger, never the other way around.

'''dog's dinner''' 
Something that is ostentatiously smart [http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/dogs-dinner.html Definition].

'''In the U.S.A., it was almost the Fourth of July''' 
''Inconvenience'' is a day ahead of the U.S., being well west of the International Date Line.

'''noteworthy episodes of military explosion . . . necessary to maintain the integrity of the American homeland''' 
Put the stress on ''military.'' Other explosions achieve different purposes.

'''Explosion without an objective . . . is politics in its purest form''' 
Set this against not only the next entry but also against Drave's aphorism "Remorse without an object is a doorway to deliverance" (p. 39).

'''Haymarket bomb . . . wonders of chemistry''' 
Cf. p. 79, "the widely admired Mexican principle of politics through chemistry."

==Page 112==

'''I wish I knew what they were arguing about''' 
Randolph's consciousness has not been raised, as we used to say in the 1970s.

'''"the nature of the skyrocket's ascent"''' 
Chumps of Choice blog [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2007/01/dance-of-anarchy-and-change.html suggests] that this refers to ''Gravity's Rainbow.''

'''about the trajectories of your own lives''' 
Miles has divined that the Chums have adventures (the display) but also intervals when their movement is unsensed from outside: between the end of one of their novels and the beginning of the next one.

'''"Think, bloviators, think!"''' 
To bloviate means to speak or write at length in a pompous or boastful manner. CoC blog [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2007/01/dance-of-anarchy-and-change.html suggests] that this, coupled with the verbose allusion to ''Gravity's Rainbow'' above, is Pynchon's message to jargony commentators of his work, presumably in academia.

Presumably, us as well

'''By the time ''Inconvenience'' was ready to take once more to the sky''' 
Another damned anticlimax. They travel halfway around the world, Logistical Services puts on a big push to supply the experimental station, and we get ''not one single word'' about any data collected or knowledge gained as a result of Tesla's experiments.

'''President McKinley . . . naked woman . . . National Bird . . . something to eat . . . one of the Platonic polyhedra . . . draped female personage''' 
It is hard to see how the final figurehead choice is a "compromise" among these candidates.

==Page 113==

'''X.O.''' 
In many militaries' units, the executive officer (XO) is the second-in-command, reporting to the commanding officer (CO).

'''"contamination by the secular"''' 
Secular can be defined as "denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis." As the Chums have so far not been overtly religious, perhaps they mean secular in the spiritual sense?

Secular also means "worldly", as in, that which the Chums of Chance are literally above: 113: "That sort of bickering may be for ground people, but it is not for us."

'''Gloymbroognitz thidfusp''' 
Odd. Sounds like something from Adams' ''Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'', but isn't. Anyone?
Famous, surreal Polish writer of the 20th Century, Gombrowitz, Wittold
Miles is having trouble communicating in words. See p. 110 and 111

'''Surabaya''' 
Today in Indonesia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surabaya Wikipedia entry]

'''"Special Japanese Oyster"''' 
The pearl that comes from this oyster that facilitates communications from the Chums' Upper Hierarchy is a result of Japanese experimentation "a pearl of quite uncommon size and iridescence, seeming indeed to glow
from within" that connects with the red calcite that powers the Q-weapon, as well as Merle's and Bounce's device later in the novel. [[Q-weapon and Photography|Read on...]]

==Page 114==

'''Nernst lamps''' An early incandescent lamp invented by Hermann Nernst (1864-1941), which made use of a heated ceramic rod to produce light in ambient air (in contrast to Edison's incandescent, which required a vacuum to operate).

'''Dr. Mikimoto (Kokichi)''' Produced the first cultured pearl in 1893 in Toba, Japan. As he left school at 13 to help support his family, any Doctorate he may have obtained must have been honorary.

And the Japanese:

:Through a highly secret technical process, developed in Japan at around the same time Dr. Mikimoto was producing his first cultured pearls, portions of the original aragonite which made up the nacreous layers of the pearl had, through “induced paramorphism,” as it was known to the artful sons of Nippon, been selectively changed here and there to a different form of calcium carbonate namely, to microscopic crystals of the doubly-refracting calcite known as Iceland spar.

And remember that Baz Zaharoff, on [[ATD_892-918#Page 906|page 906]], is headed to Japan because:

:"it’s ''they'' who want to sell ''him'' something, you see. Everyone’s being ever so dark about it. The item doesn’t even have a name anyone agrees on, except for a Q in it somewhere I think. Something they came into possession of a few years ago and now have up for sale on most attractive terms, almost as if..."

More about the Q-weapon on [[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1037|p. 1037]]...

'''Iceland Spar''' 
"Spar," in mineralogy: a transparent or translucent light-colored crystalline mineral, usually readily cleaved and somewhat lustrous; e.g. Iceland spar (calcite) . . . . (paraphrased from Bates & Jackson, ''Glossary of Geology,'' 2nd ed.)

See this handy "About Geology" page [http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blcalcite.htm], with an illustration demonstrating a spar's double-refraction effect on printed letters--remarkably like that on the cover of ATD! This kind of calcite has rhombohedral cleavage, because each of its faces is a rhombus, a warped rectangle in which none of the corners are square. Is each of the rectangular pages of ATD then a warped cleavage from some sort of crystalline whole, refracting its text in several directions at once? Of course, to the Chums the text message they receive from Upper Hierarchy has but one simple meaning. "Paramorphism" = the structural alteration of a mineral without any change in its external form or chemical composition.

And look at this too, how to make Iceland Spar animations:
[http://images.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgmay04/dwd/dwf1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artmay04/dwjpegcyc.html&h=300&w=400&sz=15&hl=it&start=12&tbnid=NQMhCqiW1apqNM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bspar%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dit]

'''divided into two separate rays, termed "ordinary" and "extraordinary" 
In the optics lab, physics students split a laser beam into two rays, which impinge on an object and are reflected onto a photographic plate, generating a hologram. The Japanese here anticipate the process, using the differently polarized rays (split by the Iceland spar) instead of laser light and replacing the plate with minute crystals in the pearl. The idea of three-dimensional holography and data storage in solid crystals would not resurface until the 1950s or 60s.

'''the limitless mischief of pearls''' 
A book's worth of superstitions exist around pearls. Pearls bring tears. The bride must wear pearls. The bride who wears pearls will be unhappy. If your pearl loses its luster, you are about to die. A pearl dissolved in wine is a poison. A pearl dissolved in wine is a love potion.

'''get up buoyancy''' 
A surface ship "gets up steam" in preparation for departure. Another naval or nautical analog.

'''Etienne-Louis Malus''' 
1775-1812, a French officer and mathematician whose work was predominantly concerned with light. He studied ray systems, and his theory on polarisation was published in 1809. His theory of the double refraction of light in crystals was published in 1810. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etienne-Louis_Malus Wikipedia] Malus is also the genus of the apple. Malus is best known for his law describing intensity of light as it passes through polarized materials. There are delicious metaphorical implications for any reader of a Pynchon novel.

'''pearls''' 
Probably meant to contrast the "blindness at the heart of a diamond" referred to on p. 109. Pynchon may want to call to mind ''The Scarlet Letter'', in which Pearl, the child produced by the union of the protagonist, Hester Prynne, and the Rev. Dimsdale, becomes a symbol of beauty derived from sin (there, and likely here, represented by the grain of sand around which the pearl forms).

'''Dr. Alden Vormance''' "
Vormance's surname may be meant to combine "Romance" and "worm," calling to mind the Romantic exuberance that motivated 19th century exploratory expeditions as well as the serpent of the Biblical expulsion story. 
Another Pynchonian "V" name and we know what Pynchon thinks of "Romantic exuberance". See GR, at least. And a remark in ATD [to find]. 
Alternatively, Vormance may be a conflation of the German prefix ''vor-'' (meaning "forward") with the -mancy combining form (e.g. necromancy) meaning prophecy--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 12:38, 11 February 2007 (PST)

'''a strong presumption of Bad Taste''' 
The Chums seek to avoid this accusation just as Peter Pan tries to avert Captain Hook's taunt, "Bad form." The phrase occurs in J.M. Barrie's novel ''Peter Pan'' (''Peter and Wendy''), possibly also in the stage version, and again in the movie ''Hook.''

==Page 115==
'''(Johannes) Kepler''' 
(1571-1630), mathematician best known for his laws of planetary motion, one of the foundations of Isaac Newton's theory of gravity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler Wikipedia]

'''Edmond Halley''' 
1656-1742, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Halley Halley] was an English physical scientist most remembered for the comet he which he predicted would return. In 1692 he proposed that the earth was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_Earth hollow]. In 1698 he departed on a two year voyage as captain of the HMS Paramore in order to measure variations in the Earth's magnetic field. In 1716 he suggested timing the transit of Venus to determine the distance between the earth and the sun.

'''(Leonhard) Euler''' 
The method of traverse (pun ignored) by which the Chums proceed became known as a Symmes' Hole after John Cleeves Symmes who, in 1818 circulated a pamphlet arguing for the existence of such holes in the polar regions and further volunteered to lead an expedition to said regions.

Symmes' following lecture tours were further carried forth by one J.N. Reynolds. "[Edgar Allen] Poe is said to have repeatedly called out the name "Reynolds" on the night before his death, though no one has ever been able to identify the person to whom he referred." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_allen_poe Edgar Allen Poe's] first published short story, "Ms. Found in a Bottle" (1833) took, as its premise, the existence of Symmes' Holes: theoretical holes in the polar areas which led to a hollow interior.

:Research has its charms, but so does mindless surfing. [http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/2007/03/ This blog] presents a map of the Earth inside the Earth, complete with Shambhala. The layout unfortunately doesn't fit the ''AtD'' account, but it's quite funny.

'''the great portal . . . ''noticeably smaller''''' 
Unrelieved light is unendurable; the entry into the Earth offers shadow, but the region of shelter has shrunk. Unrelieved ultraviolet light is deadly; the "ozone layer" in the atmosphere serves as protection, but the cover has shrunk—particularly in the Antarctic—as the "ozone hole" has grown larger. A small parallel, but it forwards the theme a little.

==Page 116==

'''vatic''' 
Prophetic. [http://dictionary.reference.com/wordoftheday/archive/2004/10/21.html [def]]

'''this is a self-protective reflex''' 
In his mystical phase Miles proves to be a believer in [http://www.ecolo.org/lovelock/ James Lovelock's "Gaia."]

'''the ship's nitro-lycopodium engines''' 
''Inconvenience'' has gone through a major refit, apparently: no more hydrogen power. Lycopodium consists of spores from a club moss, usually ''Lycopodium clavatum.'' It is a highly flammable yellowish powder. Photographers used it for flash illumination. In principle, an internal combustion engine can run on a powdered fuel, though difficulties abound in practice. The "nitro" part is a puzzle; nitromethane (called "nitro" or, in drag racing, simply "fuel") seems the most obvious reference. Do the ship's engines use a slurry of lycopodium in nitromethane? That would be a tricky fuel to handle. 
I don't think "nitro" refers to a particular, separate substance. The prefix nitro- indicates a substance whose molecules have the group NO2 attached to them. The oxygen in this group is easily released, with the result that nitro-compounds usually burn very rapidly and intensely, effectively having their own internal oxygen supply. Strictly the prefix should be applied to well defined molecular species such as nitromethane, nitrobenzene, etc, etc. However it is also used for complex biological substances treated with a nitrating agent such as nitric acid: nitrocotton (gun cotton) is a common example. Pynchon has probably invented nitro-lycopodium as a plausible though non-existent propellant, in the fashion we're accustomed to seeing with him.--[[User:Gobbag|Gobbag]] 06:57, 11 February 2007 (PST)

'''night-glass''' 
Telescopes and binoculars are described by their magnifying power (say 7X) and the diameter of their objective lens or "pupil" (say 35 mm). For many years 7X35 binoculars were a practical compromise for field use (army issue, etc.), but these were useless at night because they could not collect enough light. "Night" binoculars might be 7X50 or even larger. Similarly, a night-glass is a telescope with an oversized lens in front.

'''electrical sound-magnifier''' 
What would come to be called an ''amplifier'' in post-Chums times.

'''human timbres and rhythms, not speech so much as music''' 
Again the "choir" image as on [[ATD_1-25#Page_19|page 19.]]

==Page 117==

'''bolts of intense greenish light''' 
Hmm, the Chums are getting the same view of this war as America got of the "Shock and Awe" campaign in Baghdad.

'''the byzantine politics of the region''' 
Byzantine: fiendishly complicated, from ''Byzantium,'' the name of the city that would later become Constantinople and later again Istanbul.

'''royal court of Chthonica''' 
The adjective ''chthonic'' means "of the earth" or "of the underworld" and is often used to refer to the gods and other entities residing under the surface of the earth. The adjective is used creatively, and most famously, in the fictional works of H.P. Lovecraft ... a chief deity of his ficitional universe being Cthulhu.

'''Plutonia''' 
[http://www.trussel.com/prehist/plutonia.htm "Plutonia"] is the title of a novel written by Russian geologist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Obruchev "Vladimir Obruchev"], published in 1915. According to [http://www.sfsite.com/fsf/2000/cur0002.htm "here"], it's a hollow-earth story.

The "Plutonist" movement, as opposed to the "Neptunist", was quite in vogue in the late 1800s, being a theory of geography which held that the interior heat of the earth was somehow responsible for various geological processes.

'''Tunbridge Wells''' 
[http://www.icons.org.uk/nom/nominations/disgusted-of-tunbridge-wells "Disgusted of Tunbridge Wells"] is an archetypal figure of conservative England whose correspondence can be found frequently in newspapers railing at the latest outrages of modernity. Tunbridge Wells briefly features in Gravity's Rainbow.

On whether this and the subterranean adventure may allude to ''Gravity's Rainbow,'' see [[Talk:ATD_97-118|Discussion]].

'''my harmless little intraterrestrial scherzo''' 
Once again, the unseen narrator appears. By inference, the narrator is also the author of the various ''Chums of Chance...'' books referenced in ATD. This episode's also a little ''inter-textual'' scherzo: Poe (''Arthur Gordon Pym''), Jules Verne, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_the_Earth%27s_Core_%28novel%29 Edgar Rice Burroughs and Pelucidar], ''Star Trek'', Indiana Jones and the Hollow Earth... and Jeremiah Dixon's own underground journey in M&D. Doesn't Chick Counterfly sound rather Spockian here (cf. 115, bottom)?

==Page 118==

'''a tiny circle of brightness far ahead''' 
Literally "the light at the end of the tunnel," a metaphor used repeatedly, and to no good effect, by American political leaders starting some weeks after the beginning of the Vietnam War.

'''a tricky bit of steering''' 
If you emerge at the North Pole, every way you steer is south, so ''which'' south will take you to the rendezvous?

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}