Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-18T19:10:13Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1084 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''the Ferrary sale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_von_Ferrary Philipp von Ferrary] was a legendary stamp collector. Wishing to make his unequaled collection accessible to the public, on January 30, 1915 he willed it to the Postmuseum in Berlin, along with funds for maintenance, 30,000 guldens. But as a citizen of Austria living in France, World War I put him at risk. Leaving his several hundred albums in the Austrian embassy, he fled to Switzerland in 1917. He died soon after, and so did not see the dismantling of his life's work after the war. The French government confiscated Ferrary's collection, claiming it as a war reparation. The massive assemblage was auctioned off between 1921 and 1926, in 14 separate sales, realizing some 30 million francs. Many of the rare stamps of today proudly bear an "ex-Ferrary" in their provenance.

'''Swedish three-skilling yellow''' 
A valuable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_Skilling_Yellow stamp] because it was issued printed on yellow colored paper (which was for the eight-skilling stamp) instead of the customary green.

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls, with the music provided by an accordion band. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_864-891#Page_891 page 891]

'''Garçons de '71''' 
Interesting [http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/military_balloons_in_Europe/LTA4G2.htm note and pic] here.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''Puisieulx''' 
One of the 17 Grand Cru (highest level of classification) of Champagne.

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-18T19:01:57Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1083 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''the Ferrary sale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_von_Ferrary Philipp von Ferrary] was a legendary stamp collector. Wishing to make his unequaled collection accessible to the public, on January 30, 1915 he willed it to the Postmuseum in Berlin, along with funds for maintenance, 30,000 guldens. But as a citizen of Austria living in France, World War I put him at risk. Leaving his several hundred albums in the Austrian embassy, he fled to Switzerland in 1917. He died soon after, and so did not see the dismantling of his life's work after the war. The French government confiscated Ferrary's collection, claiming it as a war reparation. The massive assemblage was auctioned off between 1921 and 1926, in 14 separate sales, realizing some 30 million francs. Many of the rare stamps of today proudly bear an "ex-Ferrary" in their provenance.

'''Swedish three-skilling yellow''' 
A valuable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_Skilling_Yellow stamp] because it was issued printed on yellow colored paper (which was for the eight-skilling stamp) instead of the customary green.

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls, with the music provided by an accordion band. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_864-891#Page_891 page 891]

'''Garçons de '71''' 
Interesting [http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/military_balloons_in_Europe/LTA4G2.htm note and pic] here.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-18T18:56:42Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1083 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''the Ferrary sale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_von_Ferrary Philipp von Ferrary] was a legendary stamp collector. Wishing to make his unequaled collection accessible to the public, on January 30, 1915 he willed it to the Postmuseum in Berlin, along with funds for maintenance, 30,000 guldens. But as a citizen of Austria living in France, World War I put him at risk. Leaving his several hundred albums in the Austrian embassy, he fled to Switzerland in 1917. He died soon after, and so did not see the dismantling of his life's work after the war. The French government confiscated Ferrary's collection, claiming it as a war reparation. The massive assemblage was auctioned off between 1921 and 1926, in 14 separate sales, realizing some 30 million francs. Many of the rare stamps of today proudly bear an "ex-Ferrary" in their provenance.

'''Swedish three-skilling yellow''' 
A valuable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_Skilling_Yellow stamp] because it was issued printed on yellow colored paper (which was for the eight-skilling stamp) instead of the customary green.

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls, with the music provided by an accordion band. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_864-891#Page_891 page 891]

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-18T18:39:31Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1081 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''the Ferrary sale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_von_Ferrary Philipp von Ferrary] was a legendary stamp collector. Wishing to make his unequaled collection accessible to the public, on January 30, 1915 he willed it to the Postmuseum in Berlin, along with funds for maintenance, 30,000 guldens. But as a citizen of Austria living in France, World War I put him at risk. Leaving his several hundred albums in the Austrian embassy, he fled to Switzerland in 1917. He died soon after, and so did not see the dismantling of his life's work after the war. The French government confiscated Ferrary's collection, claiming it as a war reparation. The massive assemblage was auctioned off between 1921 and 1926, in 14 separate sales, realizing some 30 million francs. Many of the rare stamps of today proudly bear an "ex-Ferrary" in their provenance.

'''Swedish three-skilling yellow''' 
A valuable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_Skilling_Yellow stamp] because it was issued printed on yellow colored paper (which was for the eight-skilling stamp) instead of the customary green.

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-18T18:37:28Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1081 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''the Ferrary sale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_von_Ferrary Philipp von Ferrary] was a legendary stamp collector. Wishing to make his unequaled collection accessible to the public, on January 30, 1915 he willed it to the Postmuseum in Berlin, along with funds for maintenance, 30,000 guldens. But as a citizen of Austria living in France, World War I put him at risk. Leaving his several hundred albums in the Austrian embassy, he fled to Switzerland in 1917. He died soon after, and so did not see the dismantling of his life's work after the war. The French government confiscated Ferrary's collection, claiming it as a war reparation. The massive assemblage was auctioned off between 1921 and 1926, in 14 separate sales, realizing some 30 million francs. Many of the rare stamps of today proudly bear an "ex-Ferrary" in their provenance.

'''Swedish three-skilling yellow''' 
A valuable [http://www.nvo.com/louisvuitton/worldsmostvaluablestamps/ stamp] because it was issued printed on yellow colored paper (which was for the eight-skilling stamp) instead of the customary green.

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-18T18:32:12Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1081 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''Swedish three-skilling yellow''' 
A valuable [http://www.nvo.com/louisvuitton/worldsmostvaluablestamps/ stamp] because it was issued printed on yellow colored paper (which was for the eight-skilling stamp) instead of the customary green.

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-18T18:15:22Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1081 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''tarboosh''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fez_(clothing) A fez].

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-18T18:05:28Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1080 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
[http://donsmaps.com/irongatesoverview.html Two historical sites] along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-18T17:52:22Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1078 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra, in fact, all mathematics, end with this statement. Q.E.D. = ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated. Some math professors after putting a difficult proof on the board and after writing QED jokingly translate it as "quite easily done."

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
Two historical sites along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-18T17:47:36Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1078 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra used to end with this statement: ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be demonstrated.

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
Two historical sites along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-18T17:08:34Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1078 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element from each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra used to end with this statement: ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be proved.

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
Two historical sites along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-18T16:54:28Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1077 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''licking a few vitrines''' 
The French phrase "leche vitrine" is the American equivalent of "window shopping" and literally means "window licking."

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of mutually disjoint nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element in common with each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra used to end with this statement: ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be proved.

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
Two historical sites along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-18T15:54:38Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1074 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S. Because they are pretending, they could be returning. If they were actually immigrants, they would not be returning.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of mutually disjoint nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element in common with each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra used to end with this statement: ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be proved.

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
Two historical sites along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-17T15:49:08Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1071 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of words that start with "v" or "f", the "n" in "un" is sounded as a nasalized "m." (In front of words that start with "b" or "p" the "n" in "un" is simply pronounced like "m.")

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of mutually disjoint nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element in common with each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra used to end with this statement: ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be proved.

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
Two historical sites along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-17T15:40:12Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1071 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes? Actually, even though it is always written "un" in the Italian used in Rome, which is supposed to be the Italian national standard (many dialects still exist), in front of certain words, like bambino, "un" is pronounced as if it were spelled "um," so the proper pronounciation of "un bambino" is "um bambino."

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of mutually disjoint nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element in common with each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra used to end with this statement: ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be proved.

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
Two historical sites along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-17T15:30:32Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1070 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macché''''' 
Italian: Naw. Macché is an Italian interjection, not slang, translated as of course not, not on your life, go on!, come off it!, depending upon context: take your pick.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes?

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of mutually disjoint nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element in common with each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra used to end with this statement: ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be proved.

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
Two historical sites along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-16T23:27:25Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1066 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret, a British term for a Bordeaux.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macchè''''' 
Italian: Naw.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes?

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of mutually disjoint nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element in common with each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra used to end with this statement: ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be proved.

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
Two historical sites along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-16T22:50:29Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1065 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this [http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macchè''''' 
Italian: Naw.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes?

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of mutually disjoint nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element in common with each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra used to end with this statement: ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be proved.

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
Two historical sites along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1063-1085

2007-04-16T22:49:53Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1065 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1063==

'''Rue du Départ''' 
Street in Montparnasse, Paris. The name means "street of departing or setting out." Piet Mondrian had a studio at No. 26. A film titled
''Rue du Départ'' starring Gérard Depardieu was released in 1986.

==Page 1064==

==Page 1065==

'''Reynaldo Hahn''' 
[http://www.answers.com/topic/reynaldo-hahn Reynaldo Hahn] (1875-1947) was a French composer best known for his vocal works, ranging from serious opera and operetta to solo songs. He was the director of the ''Paris Opéra'' since 1945.

'''''Ciboulette''''' 
???French: Chive. Also a feminine given name, from which the title of this[http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/hahn/ciboulette.htm operetta] comes.

'''''C'est pas Paris, c'est sa banlieue''''' 
French: It isn't Paris, it's a suburb of Paris.

==Page 1066==

'''"J'ai Deux Amants"''' 
French: I have two lovers.

'''Sacha Guitry''' 
[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0766430.html Sacha Guitry] (1885-1957) was a French film actor and director.

''''Jour''' 
For ''Bonjour.'' French: Hello.

'''Scyuzay mwah''' 
For ''Excusez-moi.'' French: Excuse me.

'''ain't you that La Jarretière?''' 
In ''V.'' she died graphically around the time of the World War. Her stage name is French: The Garter.

'''''succès de scandale''''' 
French, literally: success of scandal. In this case, the hype that the show needed to put customers in the seats.

'''''Mon Dieu! . . . que les hommes sont bêtes''''' 
French: My God, how stupid men are.

'''''Fossettes l'Enflammeuse''''' 
French: Dimples, the Inflamer. "Fossettes" has verbal echoes (as foreshadowing sound, so to speak) of [Bob] Fosse, much later American choreographer and director.

'''Jean-Raoul Oeuillade''' 
The surname is the name of a restaurant and a wine grape. It also appears to be a French misspelling of ''œillade'' = wink, leer.

'''''Dimples''''' 
R. Wilshire knows you can print a one-word title in bigger letters than a whole phrase.

'''Solange St.-Emilion''' 
'Solange' is the name of a saint; and St Emilion is a wine - a claret.

'''Casse-cou . . . n'importe quoi!''' 
Daredevil, that's me. / This little don't-give-a-damn. / Daredevil, husband, your women, / All the other men, no matter who!

==Page 1067==

'''"It won't be a stylish marriage"''' 
Quoting from the popular song [[ATD_644-677#Page_647|"Daisy Bell."]]

Last alluded to on P.647, just before the gunfight that wasn't, with Frank and Stray in El Paso. Difficult relationships seem to bring out this ditty.

==Page 1068==

==Page 1069==

'''Italo-Turkish War''' 
Over control of Libya, 1911-12, important precursor of the Balkan Wars. An Italian flyer dropped history's first aerial bomb on Turkish troops. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War Italo-Turkish War].

'''''una picchiata''''' 
Italian: a nosedive.

==Page 1070==

'''''mia bella'' Caproni''' 
My beautiful Caproni. ''Caproni'' was the Italian World War I heavy bomber designed by the talented pioneer Italian aircraft designer and manufacturer [http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/caproni.htm Gianni Caproni] (1886-1957). The model described here is likely the [http://www.answers.com/topic/caproni-ca-4 ''Caproni Ca.4''], a triplane with a four-man (not five-man) crew, three Isotta-Fraschini engines (270HP each), a maximum speed of 87 mph, two forward and two rearward mounting Revelli machine guns.

'''''Si, certo''''' 
Italian: Yes, sure.

'''''Lucrezia'' Borgia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucrezia_Borgia Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519) was an Italian noblewoman, a famous figure of the Italian Renaissance. She was always casted as ''femme fatale'' in many artworks, novels and films. One of the numerous legends about her said that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks.

'''''Andiamo''''' 
Italian: Let's go.

'''the SVA''' 
[http://www.fiddlersgreen.net/AC/aircraft/Ansaldo-SVA/info/info.htm The SVA] (Savoia Verduzio Ansaldo) Worild War I Italian bi-plane reconnaissance-bomber.

'''''Macchè''''' 
Italian: Naw.

'''Molo Antonelliana''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_Antonelliana Mole Antonellian] is a major landmark and the highest (550 ft) building of Turin, Italy. It was built in 1863 to be a Jewish synagogue. Since 2000, it houses Italy's National Cinema Museum. See photos of [http://digilander.libero.it/fotogian/mole.html Mole Antonelliana].

'''the Cambio''' 
''Del Cambio'', a well-known Turin's restaurant since 1750, where important politicians and generals dined. It is located at ''2, Piazza Carignano, Turin''. (Same one as the Ristorante del Cambio on page 1073.)

==Page 1071==

'''''picchiate . . . picchiata''''' 
The first is plural, the second its singular. Italian: nosedives, nosedive.

'''a Certain Word that would not quite exist for another year or two''' 
Of course it's "Fascism." "It was all political." Politics through aerobatics instead of chemistry?

'''''Um vettore, si?''''' 
''Um'' is a slurred form of ''un''. Italian: A vector, yes?

==Page 1072==

'''in uniform all the time. Eagles . . . a prominent motif''' 
eagles have been referred to often as predators in ATD.

'''''abrazo''''' 
Spanish: embrace.

'''''teleferiche''''' 
Italian: cars suspended from cables, cableways.

==Page 1073==

'''agnolotti''' 
Italian, literally: priests' hats. A filled pasta similar to ravioli.

'''risotto''' 
The renowned northern Italian rice dish.

'''tagliarini''' 
Long, thin, narrow noodles.

'''Nebbiolo''' 
A wine grape originating in northern Italy.

'''Carpano's for a ''punt e mes''' 
Carpano's probably means Carpano family's bar or restaurant in Turin. ''Punt e mess'', "point and a half", is an Italian vermouth, made by the Carpano family

==Page 1074==

'''S.S. ''Persia'' had been torpedoed by a U-boat captain named Max Valentiner. . .''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Persia_(1900) S.S ''Persia''] was a P & O passenger liner built in 1900. It was sunk on December 30, 1915 within five to tem minutes by a German U-Boat, U-38, off Crete with a loss of 343 of the 519 aboard. The commander of U-38 was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Valentiner Max Valentiner] (1883-1949).

'''...Reef, Stray and Ljubica returned to the U.S. pretending to be Italian immigrants.''' 
Somebody dropped the ball here; obviously this should read "Reef, Yash and Ljubica." But Yashmeen had never before been in the United States.
:Even Homer nods.
:Ljubica was born outside, and had never been in, the U.S. !
:If they pretending to be immigrants getting into the country first time, then they were NOT returning to the U.S.

'''''I,'' for Idiot''' 
Another character assuming the character of an idiot—a minor theme of ''AtD.''

'''I, also, in 'the immigrants they were pretending to be'''' 
...soon obliterated.

'''"The Obliterator"''' 
A figure almost of legend, who causes unwelcome entries in your file to ''vanish without trace.'' But a member of the wiki was once friends with a bureaucrat, in a university registrar's office, who knew the "oblit" code. Like "The Obliterator," she used her power only for good.

==Page 1075==

'''Red Scare . . . Palmer raids''' 
Public and media panic over the ideas of communists, other leftists and Anarchists led to a government crackdown on these elements in the years after the World War. Alexander M. Palmer, U.S. Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson, was a leading figure in the campaign. The Red Scare led more or less directly to the supremacy of the F.B.I., which some may view as [[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1021|"the control of the evil and moronic,"]] and also to the founding of the American Civil Liberties Union.

==Page 1076==

'''Frank and Stray's daughter Ginger and the baby Plebecula''' 
"Ginger" is sometimes a nickname for Virginia but also sometimes a substitute for "Red": a redheaded person. "Plebecula" can mean "the common people" . . . or a species of ant. Both children (Jesse too, could be) have political given names.

'''Kitsap Peninsula''' 
Dissected peninsula in Puget Sound, Washington state. Not the northernmost point in the 48 states, but maybe the remotest.

Not far from Port Renfrew, B. C.

==Page 1077==

''''''Soir''''' 
For ''Bonsoir.'' French: good evening, or just hello.

'''It was Policarpe, an old acquaintance of Kit''' 
Belgian anarchist, named for St. Polycarp; see [[ATD_525-556#Page_527|annotation to page 527.]]

'''Lwów''' 
A city in western Ukraine, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwow see Wikipedia.] The city's emblem shows a lion in front of a castle wall with 3 towers. It is strikingly reminiscent of the Tibetan seal on the cover of ATD. Recall that Venetia also claims the Lion (the winged Lion of St. Mark) as its emblem.

'''Galicia''' 
If the complex history of this region—now partly in western Ukraine and partly in southern Poland—moves you, there's a pretty fair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29 Wikipedia entry] that also covers the next item. Lots of Americans trace their ancestry back to Galicia. See also the [[ATD_695-723#Page_697|annotations to page 697.]]

'''West Ukraine Republic''' 
Or West Ukrainian People's Republic, or [http://www.answers.com/topic/west-ukrainian-national-republic West Ukrainian National Republic] (1918-19), existed between October 19,1918 and July 1919.

'''E. Percy Movay''' 
When the Inquisition compelled Galileo to recant his ideas about the celestial realm (he had blasphemed by reporting that Jupiter's moons orbit the planet and by reasoning that the Earth moves around the Sun too), he left the courtroom muttering, "And yet it ''does'' move." In Italian: ''Eppur si muove.''

'''a fabled group of mathematicians in Lwów''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_School_of_Mathematics The Lwów School of Mathematics] led by Stefan Banach, a founder of functional analysis, who became a professor there in 1920. They often met at the famous Scottish Café.

==Page 1078==

'''Scottish Café''' 
An extraordinarily talented group of mathematicians could be found in Lwow in the 1930s. Much of their best work was inspired by their meetings in [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Scottish_Book.html the Scottish Café]. It's a shame that Kit got there early.

'''Zermelo's Axiom Of Choice''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice The Axiom of Choice] in set theory was formulated in 1904 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo Ernst Zermelo] (1871-1953), a German mathematician. It states that given any set of mutually disjoint nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element in common with each of the nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

Here used to explain a variant of
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox the Banach-Tarski paradox] of 1924 which says in effect that it is possible to "carve up" a 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotation and translation, reassemble the pieces into two balls each with the same volume as the original. An infinitley re-assemblable universe?

'''the set of all sets that are not members of themselves''' 
Quick, does it contain itself? Bertrand Russell's pursuit of this paradox forced a major realignment of axiomatic set theory.

'''Q.E.D.''' 
Proofs in geometry and algebra used to end with this statement: ''Quod Erat Demonstrandum'' = which was to be proved.

==Page 1079==

'''Lemberg, Léopol, Lvov, Lviv and Lwów''' 
Names applied to the city by its various rulers. Today it's Lviv, but its citizens are sometimes called Leopolitans.

==Page 1080==

'''Glowny Dworzec''' 
Polish: Main Station.

'''the Iron Gate . . . the Defile of Kazan''' 
Two historical sites along the Danube. The Iron Gate, 100 miles east of Belgrad, separated the Balkan and the Carpathian ranges. The Kazan Defile is further upstream near Belgrade where the Danube has dangerous currents and whirlpools.

'''There was music...attended to''' 
Thelonius Monk's music was once described this way. Quotation, reference being sought.

Also reminds me of John Cage's idea of an 'anarchic harmony', where all individual sounds have the same value and importance (and require to be listened to by themselves, "each note insisted on being attended to"), and 'dissonant' as they may appear, form a 'harmony' of individual sounds, "non-obstructive and interpenetrating".

==Page 1081==

'''since the Spanish Lady passed through''' 
The great influenza pandemic of 1918-20. The disease got the name "Spanish flu" because Spain, neutral in the World War and therefore not censoring its press, was the country where the spread of the illness was most openly reported.

'''Chez Rosalie''' 
An Italian restaurant in Montparnasse, Paris.

==Page 1082==

'''Hesitation Waltz''' 
One of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz#Various_styles_of_waltz many styles of waltz]. In the 1910s a form called the "Hesitation Waltz" incorporated Hesitations and was danced to fast music. A Hesitation is basically a halt on the standing foot during the full waltz measure, with the moving foot suspended in the air or slowly dragged.

'''''bandoneón''''' 
Musical instrument similar to an accordion, named for its inventor Heinrich Band, heavily used in Argentine tango music.

'''the taxis, battered veterans of the mythic Marne''' 
World War, First Battle of the Marne, 1914. To shore up their Sixth Army the French commandeered 600 Paris taxicabs and used them to carry 6000 reserve troops to the front.

==Page 1083==

'''''bals musettes''''' 
French: dance halls.

'''Penny Black''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black The Penny Black], the world's first official adhesive postage stamp, was issued by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840.

==Page 1084==

'''no longer a matter of gravity'''

==Page 1085==

'''grace''' 
Cf. what Lew Basnight "came to think of as grace". p. 42.

 Gravity and Grace, a reference to Simone Weil.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1040-1062

2007-04-16T18:45:33Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1059 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1040==

==Page 1041==

'''Dr. Ghloix''' 
He was also the alienist of the Vormance expedition (page 132).

'''shadow-factories''' 
Movie studios.

'''Thetis Pomidor''' 
Thetis the Silver-Footed is a Nereid (sea nymph) in Greek mythology. She is the mother of Achilles, who seeks to prevent his death by dipping him in the water of the river Styx (holding him by the famously vulnerable heel), by trying to prevent him from joining the war at Troy, and by persuading him not to try to avenge Patroclus. In the end she has made for him the magnificent shield he carries in his duel with Hector.

Pomidor is the Polish word for "tomato" (possibly other languages too). (A "tomato" = a "hottie" in mid 20th century slang).

==Page 1042==

'''Erno Rapée''' 
1891-1945, Hungarian-born composer for American movies. He published a book of "photoplay music" for the silents.

'''Shalimar''' 
Excessively evocative name for a detective's moll; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalimar the Wikipedia disambiguation page] leads to many of the meanings.

'''Mezzanine Perkins''' 
Her given name suggests a physical attribute also called "balcony."

'''Chester LeStreet''' 
Chester le Street is a town in the north east of England. Home of Durham County Cricket club, amongst other things.

'''Vertex Club''' 
The vertex is the intersection of two lines of an angle, the zero point on a graph/grid. Recalls the V Note in ''V.''.

'''Miss Jardine Maraca''' 
Allusion to Beach Boys guitarist [http://www.aljardine.com Al Jardine,] who bears a reasonably common surname? Rude teenagers in the 1960s sometimes used the word "maracas" when they didn't want to come right out and refer to a girl's bazongas.

==Page 1043==

'''the days just before the earthquake''' 
The quake of June 29, 1925, destroyed the center of Santa Barbara and occasioned rebuilding to a "Mission-style" plan.

'''hop''' 
Marijuana.

==Page 1044==

'''smoked a Fatima''' 
Sometime before the mid-20th century, the cigarette brand sponsored a radio program starring Basil Rathbone.

==Page 1045==

'''glass mattes''' 
Scenes painted on glass could be filmed along with the action, so that large or intricate backgrounds did not have to be built to full scale.

==Page 1046==

'''Olga Nethersole''' 
British actress and producer, 1863-1941; had successful tours in the U.S. and elsewhere.

'''Mrs. Fiske''' 
American actress Minnie Maddern Fiske, 1865-1932; a leading figure on the stage; made movies of two of her theatrical productions.

==Page 1047==

'''Li'l Jailbirds''' 
Some points in common with the Little Tough Guys, Dead End Kids, East Side Kids and other movie series; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Tough_Guys see the Wikipedia entry.]

'''one-reel comedies''' 
A reel of film ran off in something over 12 minutes.

'''orthochromatic film''' 
Film with low sensitivity to red light. Adaptations in the studio included green makeup to bring the face into highlight.

'''birch beer''' 
Carbonated soft drink made with birch bark or oil, typically popular in northeastern U.S. and Newfoundland.

'''stuffed peppers they liked to call "mangoes"''' 
This term for bell peppers occurs in the Midwest and especially southern Ohio.

==Page 1048==

'''a P.E. stop''' 
"P.E." stands for "Pacific Electric." The Pacific Electric Railway (AAR reporting mark is PE), also known as the Red Car system, was a mass transit system in Southern California using streetcars, light rail and buses. At its greatest extent, around 1925, the system connected cities in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, and to Riverside County and San Bernardino County in the Inland Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Electric_Railway Wikipedia]

'''runs through the time between the picture was taken and now in a matter of seconds''' 
The reason this may sound plausible is that analog computers were used in just this way to generate artillery firing tables. But in the artillery case, the parameters of motion were given; photographic film does not record this information.

==Page 1049==

'''''Intolerance''''' 
Intolerance: Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages (1916) was D.W. Griffith's follow-up to ''Birth of a Nation''.
Intolerance and its effects are examined in four historical eras. In ancient Babylon, a mountain girl is caught up in the religious rivalry that leads to the city's downfall. In Judea, the hypocritical Pharisees condemn Jesus Christ. In 1572 Paris, unaware of the impending St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, two young Huguenots prepare for marriage. Finally, in modern America, social reformers destroy the lives of a young woman and her beloved. The sets were reportedly spectacular, and on a huge scale.

'''the ''Times'' bombing''' 
[http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/la/scandals/times.html The Bombing of the ''Los Angles Times''], October 1, 1910.

'''the constant term in the primitive, which differentiation has taken to zero''' 
Last part first: differentiation is the operation of finding the rate of change of a quantity; a constant doesn't change, so its differentiation yields a result of zero. The "primitive" is the function that was differentiated; if it contained a constant term, that has vanished and must be restored. Reconstruction of the primitive therefore involves reversing the differentiation (finding the "indefinite integral") and setting the correct value of the constant term. By guesswork in this instance. No, it doesn't work, but remember that this is ''alchemy'' we're talking about.

Or 'Pataphysics.

Consider a pun on "primitive" in Pynchon's worldview...the primitive being a good thing, now vanished.

==Page 1050==

'''his official . . . life . . . a completely different life''' 
The reconstruction of the "primitive" (page 1049) entails fixing a value for the constant term. The operator can choose the "official" value and get Lew's "supposed-to-be" life as output, or can choose a different value and track some unofficial life. The machine can't tell the difference.

'''Louis Le Prince''' 
1842-90. Inventor in 1888 of the "chronophotographe" process. Widely acknowledged to be first to photograph motion. He vanished from a train.

==Page 1051==

'''mazuma''' 
Slang; Yiddish derived from Hebrew: money.

==Page 1052==

'''a company-issued Bulldog''' 
A Bulldog is a small, "snubbie" revolver, with a very high power-to-weight ratio, perfect for carrying in the pocket as a concealed weapon or, in Deuce's case, in a shoulder holster. First referred to in the "Beavers of the Brain" song, [[ATD 171-198#Page 183|p. 183]]

==Page 1053==

''''em mick bastards bombed the ''Times''''' 
James and Joseph McNamara ultimately pleaded guilty to the bombing (see page 1049).

'''dago dynamiters''' 
Deuce must have acquired this bit of alliterative bigotry somewhere and randomly dropped it into his rant.

==Page 1054==

'''the Universal Dream Casino''' 
???

'''Chinese fourths''' 
??? The interval of a fourth in music consists of 2 whole-tones plus one half-tone. The following are all fourths: from do to fa, re to sol, mi to la; fa to ti is a tritone. In the context here, the 2 notes in the interval are being played simultaneously. In the music of the Western world (North America, Europe, and Australia), if one plays parallel fourths (e.g., do-fa to re-sol, to mi-la), it sounds like Chinese music. Authentic Chinese music is played using an Eastern scale which is different from the Western scale people in the West are used to, which is why Chinese music might sound out of tune ("jangling") to someone from the West.

==Page 1055==

==Page 1056==

'''it's no longer possible to go back the way they came''' 
A situation encountered before in ''AtD,'' for example Kit's predicament at the doubling of ''Stupendica.''

==Page 1057==

==Page 1058==

'''it wasn't Haymarket . . . It wasn't Ludlow. It wasn't the Palmer raids''' 
Haymarket bombing; Colorado coal war; Justice Department campaign against American leftists under Woodrow Wilson's attorney general Alexander M. Palmer.

'''Gray Otis . . . the McNamaras . . . Brother Darrow''' 
Harrison Gray Otis (1837-1917), editor and publisher of the ''Los Angeles Times'' 1881-1917. James and Joseph McNamara, identified on page 1053. Trial lawyer Clarence Darrow (1857-1938), here called "Brother" in recognition of his attachment to labor causes.

==Page 1059==

'''paradiddle''' 
In this sense perhaps more often "taradiddle." Fiddle, finagle, wriggle. In strict pedantic usage "paradiddle" is a kind of quadruple stroke on the snare drum. Nothing pedantic about it, LeStreet is the drummer in the house band at the Vertex Club and a paradiddle is a 4-beat exercise pattern on the snare drum. E.g., R-R-L-R-L-L-R-L or R-L-R-R-L-R-L-L or etc. (there are lots of paradiddles). The purpose is to play them fast enough so that it sounds like a roll. Different patterns produce rolls that sound distinct from each other, very important to a jazz drummer.

'''a barnstormer's Curtis JN''' 
An army surplus airplane from the World War, bought and flown by an itinerant pilot in aerobatic exhibitions. Nicknamed "Jenny," the plane was pictured on a 1918 airmail stamp; some sheets had the center image printed upside down: the "Jenny Invert."

==Page 1060==

'''constant-term recalibration, or C.T.R.''' 
[[ATD_1040-1062#Page_1050|See annotation to page 1050.]]

'''spagyrist''' 
Alchemist, especially one seeking cures. Follower of Paracelsus.

'''Doddling''' 
(1) Frequent misspelling of "dawdling." (2) Easy duty for an English bus conductor (e.g., issuing tickets but not supervising operations). (3) Sexual intercourse.

'''Tree of Diana''' 
Branching possibilities, alternate histories branching out from any given moment.

'''...one compassionate time-machine story, time travel in the name of love...''' 
Two come to mind: Robert Heinlein: ''The Door Into Summer'' and Jack Finney: ''Time and Again''. In both a protagonist succcessfully chases an impossible love through time.
:And don't forget the special meaning of "compassionate" in ''AtD,'' "the Compassionate" = the Chums of Chance.

A possibility: "The Compassionate" = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes, or Furies, in Greek myth ? = The Chums of Chance.

==Page 1061==

'''mathematical mists''' 
Recalls Kit's dream on P.566, of equations permitting a view into possible worlds.

==Page 1062==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1040-1062

2007-04-16T18:41:40Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1059 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1040==

==Page 1041==

'''Dr. Ghloix''' 
He was also the alienist of the Vormance expedition (page 132).

'''shadow-factories''' 
Movie studios.

'''Thetis Pomidor''' 
Thetis the Silver-Footed is a Nereid (sea nymph) in Greek mythology. She is the mother of Achilles, who seeks to prevent his death by dipping him in the water of the river Styx (holding him by the famously vulnerable heel), by trying to prevent him from joining the war at Troy, and by persuading him not to try to avenge Patroclus. In the end she has made for him the magnificent shield he carries in his duel with Hector.

Pomidor is the Polish word for "tomato" (possibly other languages too). (A "tomato" = a "hottie" in mid 20th century slang).

==Page 1042==

'''Erno Rapée''' 
1891-1945, Hungarian-born composer for American movies. He published a book of "photoplay music" for the silents.

'''Shalimar''' 
Excessively evocative name for a detective's moll; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalimar the Wikipedia disambiguation page] leads to many of the meanings.

'''Mezzanine Perkins''' 
Her given name suggests a physical attribute also called "balcony."

'''Chester LeStreet''' 
Chester le Street is a town in the north east of England. Home of Durham County Cricket club, amongst other things.

'''Vertex Club''' 
The vertex is the intersection of two lines of an angle, the zero point on a graph/grid. Recalls the V Note in ''V.''.

'''Miss Jardine Maraca''' 
Allusion to Beach Boys guitarist [http://www.aljardine.com Al Jardine,] who bears a reasonably common surname? Rude teenagers in the 1960s sometimes used the word "maracas" when they didn't want to come right out and refer to a girl's bazongas.

==Page 1043==

'''the days just before the earthquake''' 
The quake of June 29, 1925, destroyed the center of Santa Barbara and occasioned rebuilding to a "Mission-style" plan.

'''hop''' 
Marijuana.

==Page 1044==

'''smoked a Fatima''' 
Sometime before the mid-20th century, the cigarette brand sponsored a radio program starring Basil Rathbone.

==Page 1045==

'''glass mattes''' 
Scenes painted on glass could be filmed along with the action, so that large or intricate backgrounds did not have to be built to full scale.

==Page 1046==

'''Olga Nethersole''' 
British actress and producer, 1863-1941; had successful tours in the U.S. and elsewhere.

'''Mrs. Fiske''' 
American actress Minnie Maddern Fiske, 1865-1932; a leading figure on the stage; made movies of two of her theatrical productions.

==Page 1047==

'''Li'l Jailbirds''' 
Some points in common with the Little Tough Guys, Dead End Kids, East Side Kids and other movie series; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Tough_Guys see the Wikipedia entry.]

'''one-reel comedies''' 
A reel of film ran off in something over 12 minutes.

'''orthochromatic film''' 
Film with low sensitivity to red light. Adaptations in the studio included green makeup to bring the face into highlight.

'''birch beer''' 
Carbonated soft drink made with birch bark or oil, typically popular in northeastern U.S. and Newfoundland.

'''stuffed peppers they liked to call "mangoes"''' 
This term for bell peppers occurs in the Midwest and especially southern Ohio.

==Page 1048==

'''a P.E. stop''' 
"P.E." stands for "Pacific Electric." The Pacific Electric Railway (AAR reporting mark is PE), also known as the Red Car system, was a mass transit system in Southern California using streetcars, light rail and buses. At its greatest extent, around 1925, the system connected cities in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, and to Riverside County and San Bernardino County in the Inland Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Electric_Railway Wikipedia]

'''runs through the time between the picture was taken and now in a matter of seconds''' 
The reason this may sound plausible is that analog computers were used in just this way to generate artillery firing tables. But in the artillery case, the parameters of motion were given; photographic film does not record this information.

==Page 1049==

'''''Intolerance''''' 
Intolerance: Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages (1916) was D.W. Griffith's follow-up to ''Birth of a Nation''.
Intolerance and its effects are examined in four historical eras. In ancient Babylon, a mountain girl is caught up in the religious rivalry that leads to the city's downfall. In Judea, the hypocritical Pharisees condemn Jesus Christ. In 1572 Paris, unaware of the impending St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, two young Huguenots prepare for marriage. Finally, in modern America, social reformers destroy the lives of a young woman and her beloved. The sets were reportedly spectacular, and on a huge scale.

'''the ''Times'' bombing''' 
[http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/la/scandals/times.html The Bombing of the ''Los Angles Times''], October 1, 1910.

'''the constant term in the primitive, which differentiation has taken to zero''' 
Last part first: differentiation is the operation of finding the rate of change of a quantity; a constant doesn't change, so its differentiation yields a result of zero. The "primitive" is the function that was differentiated; if it contained a constant term, that has vanished and must be restored. Reconstruction of the primitive therefore involves reversing the differentiation (finding the "indefinite integral") and setting the correct value of the constant term. By guesswork in this instance. No, it doesn't work, but remember that this is ''alchemy'' we're talking about.

Or 'Pataphysics.

Consider a pun on "primitive" in Pynchon's worldview...the primitive being a good thing, now vanished.

==Page 1050==

'''his official . . . life . . . a completely different life''' 
The reconstruction of the "primitive" (page 1049) entails fixing a value for the constant term. The operator can choose the "official" value and get Lew's "supposed-to-be" life as output, or can choose a different value and track some unofficial life. The machine can't tell the difference.

'''Louis Le Prince''' 
1842-90. Inventor in 1888 of the "chronophotographe" process. Widely acknowledged to be first to photograph motion. He vanished from a train.

==Page 1051==

'''mazuma''' 
Slang; Yiddish derived from Hebrew: money.

==Page 1052==

'''a company-issued Bulldog''' 
A Bulldog is a small, "snubbie" revolver, with a very high power-to-weight ratio, perfect for carrying in the pocket as a concealed weapon or, in Deuce's case, in a shoulder holster. First referred to in the "Beavers of the Brain" song, [[ATD 171-198#Page 183|p. 183]]

==Page 1053==

''''em mick bastards bombed the ''Times''''' 
James and Joseph McNamara ultimately pleaded guilty to the bombing (see page 1049).

'''dago dynamiters''' 
Deuce must have acquired this bit of alliterative bigotry somewhere and randomly dropped it into his rant.

==Page 1054==

'''the Universal Dream Casino''' 
???

'''Chinese fourths''' 
??? The interval of a fourth in music consists of 2 whole-tones plus one half-tone. The following are all fourths: from do to fa, re to sol, mi to la; fa to ti is a tritone. In the context here, the 2 notes in the interval are being played simultaneously. In the music of the Western world (North America, Europe, and Australia), if one plays parallel fourths (e.g., do-fa to re-sol, to mi-la), it sounds like Chinese music. Authentic Chinese music is played using an Eastern scale which is different from the Western scale people in the West are used to, which is why Chinese music might sound out of tune ("jangling") to someone from the West.

==Page 1055==

==Page 1056==

'''it's no longer possible to go back the way they came''' 
A situation encountered before in ''AtD,'' for example Kit's predicament at the doubling of ''Stupendica.''

==Page 1057==

==Page 1058==

'''it wasn't Haymarket . . . It wasn't Ludlow. It wasn't the Palmer raids''' 
Haymarket bombing; Colorado coal war; Justice Department campaign against American leftists under Woodrow Wilson's attorney general Alexander M. Palmer.

'''Gray Otis . . . the McNamaras . . . Brother Darrow''' 
Harrison Gray Otis (1837-1917), editor and publisher of the ''Los Angeles Times'' 1881-1917. James and Joseph McNamara, identified on page 1053. Trial lawyer Clarence Darrow (1857-1938), here called "Brother" in recognition of his attachment to labor causes.

==Page 1059==

'''paradiddle''' 
In this sense perhaps more often "taradiddle." Fiddle, finagle, wriggle. In strict pedantic usage "paradiddle" is a kind of quadruple stroke on the snare drum. Nothing pedantic about it, LeStreet is the drummer in the house band at the Vertex Club and a paradiddle is a 4-beat exercise pattern on the snare drum. E.g., R-R-L-R-L-L-R-L or R-L-R-R-L-R-L-L or etc.(there are lots of paradiddles). The purpose is to play them fast enough so that it sounds like a roll. Different patterns produce rolls that sound distinct from each other, very important to a jazz drummer.

'''a barnstormer's Curtis JN''' 
An army surplus airplane from the World War, bought and flown by an itinerant pilot in aerobatic exhibitions. Nicknamed "Jenny," the plane was pictured on a 1918 airmail stamp; some sheets had the center image printed upside down: the "Jenny Invert."

==Page 1060==

'''constant-term recalibration, or C.T.R.''' 
[[ATD_1040-1062#Page_1050|See annotation to page 1050.]]

'''spagyrist''' 
Alchemist, especially one seeking cures. Follower of Paracelsus.

'''Doddling''' 
(1) Frequent misspelling of "dawdling." (2) Easy duty for an English bus conductor (e.g., issuing tickets but not supervising operations). (3) Sexual intercourse.

'''Tree of Diana''' 
Branching possibilities, alternate histories branching out from any given moment.

'''...one compassionate time-machine story, time travel in the name of love...''' 
Two come to mind: Robert Heinlein: ''The Door Into Summer'' and Jack Finney: ''Time and Again''. In both a protagonist succcessfully chases an impossible love through time.
:And don't forget the special meaning of "compassionate" in ''AtD,'' "the Compassionate" = the Chums of Chance.

A possibility: "The Compassionate" = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes, or Furies, in Greek myth ? = The Chums of Chance.

==Page 1061==

'''mathematical mists''' 
Recalls Kit's dream on P.566, of equations permitting a view into possible worlds.

==Page 1062==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1040-1062

2007-04-16T18:03:07Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1054 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1040==

==Page 1041==

'''Dr. Ghloix''' 
He was also the alienist of the Vormance expedition (page 132).

'''shadow-factories''' 
Movie studios.

'''Thetis Pomidor''' 
Thetis the Silver-Footed is a Nereid (sea nymph) in Greek mythology. She is the mother of Achilles, who seeks to prevent his death by dipping him in the water of the river Styx (holding him by the famously vulnerable heel), by trying to prevent him from joining the war at Troy, and by persuading him not to try to avenge Patroclus. In the end she has made for him the magnificent shield he carries in his duel with Hector.

Pomidor is the Polish word for "tomato" (possibly other languages too). (A "tomato" = a "hottie" in mid 20th century slang).

==Page 1042==

'''Erno Rapée''' 
1891-1945, Hungarian-born composer for American movies. He published a book of "photoplay music" for the silents.

'''Shalimar''' 
Excessively evocative name for a detective's moll; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalimar the Wikipedia disambiguation page] leads to many of the meanings.

'''Mezzanine Perkins''' 
Her given name suggests a physical attribute also called "balcony."

'''Chester LeStreet''' 
Chester le Street is a town in the north east of England. Home of Durham County Cricket club, amongst other things.

'''Vertex Club''' 
The vertex is the intersection of two lines of an angle, the zero point on a graph/grid. Recalls the V Note in ''V.''.

'''Miss Jardine Maraca''' 
Allusion to Beach Boys guitarist [http://www.aljardine.com Al Jardine,] who bears a reasonably common surname? Rude teenagers in the 1960s sometimes used the word "maracas" when they didn't want to come right out and refer to a girl's bazongas.

==Page 1043==

'''the days just before the earthquake''' 
The quake of June 29, 1925, destroyed the center of Santa Barbara and occasioned rebuilding to a "Mission-style" plan.

'''hop''' 
Marijuana.

==Page 1044==

'''smoked a Fatima''' 
Sometime before the mid-20th century, the cigarette brand sponsored a radio program starring Basil Rathbone.

==Page 1045==

'''glass mattes''' 
Scenes painted on glass could be filmed along with the action, so that large or intricate backgrounds did not have to be built to full scale.

==Page 1046==

'''Olga Nethersole''' 
British actress and producer, 1863-1941; had successful tours in the U.S. and elsewhere.

'''Mrs. Fiske''' 
American actress Minnie Maddern Fiske, 1865-1932; a leading figure on the stage; made movies of two of her theatrical productions.

==Page 1047==

'''Li'l Jailbirds''' 
Some points in common with the Little Tough Guys, Dead End Kids, East Side Kids and other movie series; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Tough_Guys see the Wikipedia entry.]

'''one-reel comedies''' 
A reel of film ran off in something over 12 minutes.

'''orthochromatic film''' 
Film with low sensitivity to red light. Adaptations in the studio included green makeup to bring the face into highlight.

'''birch beer''' 
Carbonated soft drink made with birch bark or oil, typically popular in northeastern U.S. and Newfoundland.

'''stuffed peppers they liked to call "mangoes"''' 
This term for bell peppers occurs in the Midwest and especially southern Ohio.

==Page 1048==

'''a P.E. stop''' 
"P.E." stands for "Pacific Electric." The Pacific Electric Railway (AAR reporting mark is PE), also known as the Red Car system, was a mass transit system in Southern California using streetcars, light rail and buses. At its greatest extent, around 1925, the system connected cities in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, and to Riverside County and San Bernardino County in the Inland Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Electric_Railway Wikipedia]

'''runs through the time between the picture was taken and now in a matter of seconds''' 
The reason this may sound plausible is that analog computers were used in just this way to generate artillery firing tables. But in the artillery case, the parameters of motion were given; photographic film does not record this information.

==Page 1049==

'''''Intolerance''''' 
Intolerance: Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages (1916) was D.W. Griffith's follow-up to ''Birth of a Nation''.
Intolerance and its effects are examined in four historical eras. In ancient Babylon, a mountain girl is caught up in the religious rivalry that leads to the city's downfall. In Judea, the hypocritical Pharisees condemn Jesus Christ. In 1572 Paris, unaware of the impending St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, two young Huguenots prepare for marriage. Finally, in modern America, social reformers destroy the lives of a young woman and her beloved. The sets were reportedly spectacular, and on a huge scale.

'''the ''Times'' bombing''' 
[http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/la/scandals/times.html The Bombing of the ''Los Angles Times''], October 1, 1910.

'''the constant term in the primitive, which differentiation has taken to zero''' 
Last part first: differentiation is the operation of finding the rate of change of a quantity; a constant doesn't change, so its differentiation yields a result of zero. The "primitive" is the function that was differentiated; if it contained a constant term, that has vanished and must be restored. Reconstruction of the primitive therefore involves reversing the differentiation (finding the "indefinite integral") and setting the correct value of the constant term. By guesswork in this instance. No, it doesn't work, but remember that this is ''alchemy'' we're talking about.

Or 'Pataphysics.

Consider a pun on "primitive" in Pynchon's worldview...the primitive being a good thing, now vanished.

==Page 1050==

'''his official . . . life . . . a completely different life''' 
The reconstruction of the "primitive" (page 1049) entails fixing a value for the constant term. The operator can choose the "official" value and get Lew's "supposed-to-be" life as output, or can choose a different value and track some unofficial life. The machine can't tell the difference.

'''Louis Le Prince''' 
1842-90. Inventor in 1888 of the "chronophotographe" process. Widely acknowledged to be first to photograph motion. He vanished from a train.

==Page 1051==

'''mazuma''' 
Slang; Yiddish derived from Hebrew: money.

==Page 1052==

'''a company-issued Bulldog''' 
A Bulldog is a small, "snubbie" revolver, with a very high power-to-weight ratio, perfect for carrying in the pocket as a concealed weapon or, in Deuce's case, in a shoulder holster. First referred to in the "Beavers of the Brain" song, [[ATD 171-198#Page 183|p. 183]]

==Page 1053==

''''em mick bastards bombed the ''Times''''' 
James and Joseph McNamara ultimately pleaded guilty to the bombing (see page 1049).

'''dago dynamiters''' 
Deuce must have acquired this bit of alliterative bigotry somewhere and randomly dropped it into his rant.

==Page 1054==

'''the Universal Dream Casino''' 
???

'''Chinese fourths''' 
??? The interval of a fourth in music consists of 2 whole-tones plus one half-tone. The following are all fourths: from do to fa, re to sol, mi to la; fa to ti is a tritone. In the context here, the 2 notes in the interval are being played simultaneously. In the music of the Western world (North America, Europe, and Australia), if one plays parallel fourths (e.g., do-fa to re-sol, to mi-la), it sounds like Chinese music. Authentic Chinese music is played using an Eastern scale which is different from the Western scale people in the West are used to, which is why Chinese music might sound out of tune ("jangling") to someone from the West.

==Page 1055==

==Page 1056==

'''it's no longer possible to go back the way they came''' 
A situation encountered before in ''AtD,'' for example Kit's predicament at the doubling of ''Stupendica.''

==Page 1057==

==Page 1058==

'''it wasn't Haymarket . . . It wasn't Ludlow. It wasn't the Palmer raids''' 
Haymarket bombing; Colorado coal war; Justice Department campaign against American leftists under Woodrow Wilson's attorney general Alexander M. Palmer.

'''Gray Otis . . . the McNamaras . . . Brother Darrow''' 
Harrison Gray Otis (1837-1917), editor and publisher of the ''Los Angeles Times'' 1881-1917. James and Joseph McNamara, identified on page 1053. Trial lawyer Clarence Darrow (1857-1938), here called "Brother" in recognition of his attachment to labor causes.

==Page 1059==

'''paradiddle''' 
In this sense perhaps more often "taradiddle." Fiddle, finagle, wriggle. In strict pedantic usage "paradiddle" is a kind of quadruple stroke on the snare drum.

'''a barnstormer's Curtis JN''' 
An army surplus airplane from the World War, bought and flown by an itinerant pilot in aerobatic exhibitions. Nicknamed "Jenny," the plane was pictured on a 1918 airmail stamp; some sheets had the center image printed upside down: the "Jenny Invert."

==Page 1060==

'''constant-term recalibration, or C.T.R.''' 
[[ATD_1040-1062#Page_1050|See annotation to page 1050.]]

'''spagyrist''' 
Alchemist, especially one seeking cures. Follower of Paracelsus.

'''Doddling''' 
(1) Frequent misspelling of "dawdling." (2) Easy duty for an English bus conductor (e.g., issuing tickets but not supervising operations). (3) Sexual intercourse.

'''Tree of Diana''' 
Branching possibilities, alternate histories branching out from any given moment.

'''...one compassionate time-machine story, time travel in the name of love...''' 
Two come to mind: Robert Heinlein: ''The Door Into Summer'' and Jack Finney: ''Time and Again''. In both a protagonist succcessfully chases an impossible love through time.
:And don't forget the special meaning of "compassionate" in ''AtD,'' "the Compassionate" = the Chums of Chance.

A possibility: "The Compassionate" = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes, or Furies, in Greek myth ? = The Chums of Chance.

==Page 1061==

'''mathematical mists''' 
Recalls Kit's dream on P.566, of equations permitting a view into possible worlds.

==Page 1062==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1040-1062

2007-04-16T17:48:51Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1052 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1040==

==Page 1041==

'''Dr. Ghloix''' 
He was also the alienist of the Vormance expedition (page 132).

'''shadow-factories''' 
Movie studios.

'''Thetis Pomidor''' 
Thetis the Silver-Footed is a Nereid (sea nymph) in Greek mythology. She is the mother of Achilles, who seeks to prevent his death by dipping him in the water of the river Styx (holding him by the famously vulnerable heel), by trying to prevent him from joining the war at Troy, and by persuading him not to try to avenge Patroclus. In the end she has made for him the magnificent shield he carries in his duel with Hector.

Pomidor is the Polish word for "tomato" (possibly other languages too). (A "tomato" = a "hottie" in mid 20th century slang).

==Page 1042==

'''Erno Rapée''' 
1891-1945, Hungarian-born composer for American movies. He published a book of "photoplay music" for the silents.

'''Shalimar''' 
Excessively evocative name for a detective's moll; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalimar the Wikipedia disambiguation page] leads to many of the meanings.

'''Mezzanine Perkins''' 
Her given name suggests a physical attribute also called "balcony."

'''Chester LeStreet''' 
Chester le Street is a town in the north east of England. Home of Durham County Cricket club, amongst other things.

'''Vertex Club''' 
The vertex is the intersection of two lines of an angle, the zero point on a graph/grid. Recalls the V Note in ''V.''.

'''Miss Jardine Maraca''' 
Allusion to Beach Boys guitarist [http://www.aljardine.com Al Jardine,] who bears a reasonably common surname? Rude teenagers in the 1960s sometimes used the word "maracas" when they didn't want to come right out and refer to a girl's bazongas.

==Page 1043==

'''the days just before the earthquake''' 
The quake of June 29, 1925, destroyed the center of Santa Barbara and occasioned rebuilding to a "Mission-style" plan.

'''hop''' 
Marijuana.

==Page 1044==

'''smoked a Fatima''' 
Sometime before the mid-20th century, the cigarette brand sponsored a radio program starring Basil Rathbone.

==Page 1045==

'''glass mattes''' 
Scenes painted on glass could be filmed along with the action, so that large or intricate backgrounds did not have to be built to full scale.

==Page 1046==

'''Olga Nethersole''' 
British actress and producer, 1863-1941; had successful tours in the U.S. and elsewhere.

'''Mrs. Fiske''' 
American actress Minnie Maddern Fiske, 1865-1932; a leading figure on the stage; made movies of two of her theatrical productions.

==Page 1047==

'''Li'l Jailbirds''' 
Some points in common with the Little Tough Guys, Dead End Kids, East Side Kids and other movie series; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Tough_Guys see the Wikipedia entry.]

'''one-reel comedies''' 
A reel of film ran off in something over 12 minutes.

'''orthochromatic film''' 
Film with low sensitivity to red light. Adaptations in the studio included green makeup to bring the face into highlight.

'''birch beer''' 
Carbonated soft drink made with birch bark or oil, typically popular in northeastern U.S. and Newfoundland.

'''stuffed peppers they liked to call "mangoes"''' 
This term for bell peppers occurs in the Midwest and especially southern Ohio.

==Page 1048==

'''a P.E. stop''' 
"P.E." stands for "Pacific Electric." The Pacific Electric Railway (AAR reporting mark is PE), also known as the Red Car system, was a mass transit system in Southern California using streetcars, light rail and buses. At its greatest extent, around 1925, the system connected cities in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, and to Riverside County and San Bernardino County in the Inland Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Electric_Railway Wikipedia]

'''runs through the time between the picture was taken and now in a matter of seconds''' 
The reason this may sound plausible is that analog computers were used in just this way to generate artillery firing tables. But in the artillery case, the parameters of motion were given; photographic film does not record this information.

==Page 1049==

'''''Intolerance''''' 
Intolerance: Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages (1916) was D.W. Griffith's follow-up to ''Birth of a Nation''.
Intolerance and its effects are examined in four historical eras. In ancient Babylon, a mountain girl is caught up in the religious rivalry that leads to the city's downfall. In Judea, the hypocritical Pharisees condemn Jesus Christ. In 1572 Paris, unaware of the impending St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, two young Huguenots prepare for marriage. Finally, in modern America, social reformers destroy the lives of a young woman and her beloved. The sets were reportedly spectacular, and on a huge scale.

'''the ''Times'' bombing''' 
[http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/la/scandals/times.html The Bombing of the ''Los Angles Times''], October 1, 1910.

'''the constant term in the primitive, which differentiation has taken to zero''' 
Last part first: differentiation is the operation of finding the rate of change of a quantity; a constant doesn't change, so its differentiation yields a result of zero. The "primitive" is the function that was differentiated; if it contained a constant term, that has vanished and must be restored. Reconstruction of the primitive therefore involves reversing the differentiation (finding the "indefinite integral") and setting the correct value of the constant term. By guesswork in this instance. No, it doesn't work, but remember that this is ''alchemy'' we're talking about.

Or 'Pataphysics.

Consider a pun on "primitive" in Pynchon's worldview...the primitive being a good thing, now vanished.

==Page 1050==

'''his official . . . life . . . a completely different life''' 
The reconstruction of the "primitive" (page 1049) entails fixing a value for the constant term. The operator can choose the "official" value and get Lew's "supposed-to-be" life as output, or can choose a different value and track some unofficial life. The machine can't tell the difference.

'''Louis Le Prince''' 
1842-90. Inventor in 1888 of the "chronophotographe" process. Widely acknowledged to be first to photograph motion. He vanished from a train.

==Page 1051==

'''mazuma''' 
Slang; Yiddish derived from Hebrew: money.

==Page 1052==

'''a company-issued Bulldog''' 
A Bulldog is a small, "snubbie" revolver, with a very high power-to-weight ratio, perfect for carrying in the pocket as a concealed weapon or, in Deuce's case, in a shoulder holster. First referred to in the "Beavers of the Brain" song, [[ATD 171-198#Page 183|p. 183]]

==Page 1053==

''''em mick bastards bombed the ''Times''''' 
James and Joseph McNamara ultimately pleaded guilty to the bombing (see page 1049).

'''dago dynamiters''' 
Deuce must have acquired this bit of alliterative bigotry somewhere and randomly dropped it into his rant.

==Page 1054==

'''the Universal Dream Casino''' 
???

'''Chinese fourths''' 
???

==Page 1055==

==Page 1056==

'''it's no longer possible to go back the way they came''' 
A situation encountered before in ''AtD,'' for example Kit's predicament at the doubling of ''Stupendica.''

==Page 1057==

==Page 1058==

'''it wasn't Haymarket . . . It wasn't Ludlow. It wasn't the Palmer raids''' 
Haymarket bombing; Colorado coal war; Justice Department campaign against American leftists under Woodrow Wilson's attorney general Alexander M. Palmer.

'''Gray Otis . . . the McNamaras . . . Brother Darrow''' 
Harrison Gray Otis (1837-1917), editor and publisher of the ''Los Angeles Times'' 1881-1917. James and Joseph McNamara, identified on page 1053. Trial lawyer Clarence Darrow (1857-1938), here called "Brother" in recognition of his attachment to labor causes.

==Page 1059==

'''paradiddle''' 
In this sense perhaps more often "taradiddle." Fiddle, finagle, wriggle. In strict pedantic usage "paradiddle" is a kind of quadruple stroke on the snare drum.

'''a barnstormer's Curtis JN''' 
An army surplus airplane from the World War, bought and flown by an itinerant pilot in aerobatic exhibitions. Nicknamed "Jenny," the plane was pictured on a 1918 airmail stamp; some sheets had the center image printed upside down: the "Jenny Invert."

==Page 1060==

'''constant-term recalibration, or C.T.R.''' 
[[ATD_1040-1062#Page_1050|See annotation to page 1050.]]

'''spagyrist''' 
Alchemist, especially one seeking cures. Follower of Paracelsus.

'''Doddling''' 
(1) Frequent misspelling of "dawdling." (2) Easy duty for an English bus conductor (e.g., issuing tickets but not supervising operations). (3) Sexual intercourse.

'''Tree of Diana''' 
Branching possibilities, alternate histories branching out from any given moment.

'''...one compassionate time-machine story, time travel in the name of love...''' 
Two come to mind: Robert Heinlein: ''The Door Into Summer'' and Jack Finney: ''Time and Again''. In both a protagonist succcessfully chases an impossible love through time.
:And don't forget the special meaning of "compassionate" in ''AtD,'' "the Compassionate" = the Chums of Chance.

A possibility: "The Compassionate" = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes, or Furies, in Greek myth ? = The Chums of Chance.

==Page 1061==

'''mathematical mists''' 
Recalls Kit's dream on P.566, of equations permitting a view into possible worlds.

==Page 1062==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1040-1062

2007-04-16T17:48:13Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1053 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1040==

==Page 1041==

'''Dr. Ghloix''' 
He was also the alienist of the Vormance expedition (page 132).

'''shadow-factories''' 
Movie studios.

'''Thetis Pomidor''' 
Thetis the Silver-Footed is a Nereid (sea nymph) in Greek mythology. She is the mother of Achilles, who seeks to prevent his death by dipping him in the water of the river Styx (holding him by the famously vulnerable heel), by trying to prevent him from joining the war at Troy, and by persuading him not to try to avenge Patroclus. In the end she has made for him the magnificent shield he carries in his duel with Hector.

Pomidor is the Polish word for "tomato" (possibly other languages too). (A "tomato" = a "hottie" in mid 20th century slang).

==Page 1042==

'''Erno Rapée''' 
1891-1945, Hungarian-born composer for American movies. He published a book of "photoplay music" for the silents.

'''Shalimar''' 
Excessively evocative name for a detective's moll; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalimar the Wikipedia disambiguation page] leads to many of the meanings.

'''Mezzanine Perkins''' 
Her given name suggests a physical attribute also called "balcony."

'''Chester LeStreet''' 
Chester le Street is a town in the north east of England. Home of Durham County Cricket club, amongst other things.

'''Vertex Club''' 
The vertex is the intersection of two lines of an angle, the zero point on a graph/grid. Recalls the V Note in ''V.''.

'''Miss Jardine Maraca''' 
Allusion to Beach Boys guitarist [http://www.aljardine.com Al Jardine,] who bears a reasonably common surname? Rude teenagers in the 1960s sometimes used the word "maracas" when they didn't want to come right out and refer to a girl's bazongas.

==Page 1043==

'''the days just before the earthquake''' 
The quake of June 29, 1925, destroyed the center of Santa Barbara and occasioned rebuilding to a "Mission-style" plan.

'''hop''' 
Marijuana.

==Page 1044==

'''smoked a Fatima''' 
Sometime before the mid-20th century, the cigarette brand sponsored a radio program starring Basil Rathbone.

==Page 1045==

'''glass mattes''' 
Scenes painted on glass could be filmed along with the action, so that large or intricate backgrounds did not have to be built to full scale.

==Page 1046==

'''Olga Nethersole''' 
British actress and producer, 1863-1941; had successful tours in the U.S. and elsewhere.

'''Mrs. Fiske''' 
American actress Minnie Maddern Fiske, 1865-1932; a leading figure on the stage; made movies of two of her theatrical productions.

==Page 1047==

'''Li'l Jailbirds''' 
Some points in common with the Little Tough Guys, Dead End Kids, East Side Kids and other movie series; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Tough_Guys see the Wikipedia entry.]

'''one-reel comedies''' 
A reel of film ran off in something over 12 minutes.

'''orthochromatic film''' 
Film with low sensitivity to red light. Adaptations in the studio included green makeup to bring the face into highlight.

'''birch beer''' 
Carbonated soft drink made with birch bark or oil, typically popular in northeastern U.S. and Newfoundland.

'''stuffed peppers they liked to call "mangoes"''' 
This term for bell peppers occurs in the Midwest and especially southern Ohio.

==Page 1048==

'''a P.E. stop''' 
"P.E." stands for "Pacific Electric." The Pacific Electric Railway (AAR reporting mark is PE), also known as the Red Car system, was a mass transit system in Southern California using streetcars, light rail and buses. At its greatest extent, around 1925, the system connected cities in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, and to Riverside County and San Bernardino County in the Inland Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Electric_Railway Wikipedia]

'''runs through the time between the picture was taken and now in a matter of seconds''' 
The reason this may sound plausible is that analog computers were used in just this way to generate artillery firing tables. But in the artillery case, the parameters of motion were given; photographic film does not record this information.

==Page 1049==

'''''Intolerance''''' 
Intolerance: Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages (1916) was D.W. Griffith's follow-up to ''Birth of a Nation''.
Intolerance and its effects are examined in four historical eras. In ancient Babylon, a mountain girl is caught up in the religious rivalry that leads to the city's downfall. In Judea, the hypocritical Pharisees condemn Jesus Christ. In 1572 Paris, unaware of the impending St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, two young Huguenots prepare for marriage. Finally, in modern America, social reformers destroy the lives of a young woman and her beloved. The sets were reportedly spectacular, and on a huge scale.

'''the ''Times'' bombing''' 
[http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/la/scandals/times.html The Bombing of the ''Los Angles Times''], October 1, 1910.

'''the constant term in the primitive, which differentiation has taken to zero''' 
Last part first: differentiation is the operation of finding the rate of change of a quantity; a constant doesn't change, so its differentiation yields a result of zero. The "primitive" is the function that was differentiated; if it contained a constant term, that has vanished and must be restored. Reconstruction of the primitive therefore involves reversing the differentiation (finding the "indefinite integral") and setting the correct value of the constant term. By guesswork in this instance. No, it doesn't work, but remember that this is ''alchemy'' we're talking about.

Or 'Pataphysics.

Consider a pun on "primitive" in Pynchon's worldview...the primitive being a good thing, now vanished.

==Page 1050==

'''his official . . . life . . . a completely different life''' 
The reconstruction of the "primitive" (page 1049) entails fixing a value for the constant term. The operator can choose the "official" value and get Lew's "supposed-to-be" life as output, or can choose a different value and track some unofficial life. The machine can't tell the difference.

'''Louis Le Prince''' 
1842-90. Inventor in 1888 of the "chronophotographe" process. Widely acknowledged to be first to photograph motion. He vanished from a train.

==Page 1051==

'''mazuma''' 
Slang; Yiddish derived from Hebrew: money.

==Page 1052==

==Page 1053==

''''em mick bastards bombed the ''Times''''' 
James and Joseph McNamara ultimately pleaded guilty to the bombing (see page 1049).

'''dago dynamiters''' 
Deuce must have acquired this bit of alliterative bigotry somewhere and randomly dropped it into his rant.

==Page 1054==

'''the Universal Dream Casino''' 
???

'''Chinese fourths''' 
???

==Page 1055==

==Page 1056==

'''it's no longer possible to go back the way they came''' 
A situation encountered before in ''AtD,'' for example Kit's predicament at the doubling of ''Stupendica.''

==Page 1057==

==Page 1058==

'''it wasn't Haymarket . . . It wasn't Ludlow. It wasn't the Palmer raids''' 
Haymarket bombing; Colorado coal war; Justice Department campaign against American leftists under Woodrow Wilson's attorney general Alexander M. Palmer.

'''Gray Otis . . . the McNamaras . . . Brother Darrow''' 
Harrison Gray Otis (1837-1917), editor and publisher of the ''Los Angeles Times'' 1881-1917. James and Joseph McNamara, identified on page 1053. Trial lawyer Clarence Darrow (1857-1938), here called "Brother" in recognition of his attachment to labor causes.

==Page 1059==

'''paradiddle''' 
In this sense perhaps more often "taradiddle." Fiddle, finagle, wriggle. In strict pedantic usage "paradiddle" is a kind of quadruple stroke on the snare drum.

'''a barnstormer's Curtis JN''' 
An army surplus airplane from the World War, bought and flown by an itinerant pilot in aerobatic exhibitions. Nicknamed "Jenny," the plane was pictured on a 1918 airmail stamp; some sheets had the center image printed upside down: the "Jenny Invert."

==Page 1060==

'''constant-term recalibration, or C.T.R.''' 
[[ATD_1040-1062#Page_1050|See annotation to page 1050.]]

'''spagyrist''' 
Alchemist, especially one seeking cures. Follower of Paracelsus.

'''Doddling''' 
(1) Frequent misspelling of "dawdling." (2) Easy duty for an English bus conductor (e.g., issuing tickets but not supervising operations). (3) Sexual intercourse.

'''Tree of Diana''' 
Branching possibilities, alternate histories branching out from any given moment.

'''...one compassionate time-machine story, time travel in the name of love...''' 
Two come to mind: Robert Heinlein: ''The Door Into Summer'' and Jack Finney: ''Time and Again''. In both a protagonist succcessfully chases an impossible love through time.
:And don't forget the special meaning of "compassionate" in ''AtD,'' "the Compassionate" = the Chums of Chance.

A possibility: "The Compassionate" = "The Kindly Ones" = the Erinyes, or Furies, in Greek myth ? = The Chums of Chance.

==Page 1061==

'''mathematical mists''' 
Recalls Kit's dream on P.566, of equations permitting a view into possible worlds.

==Page 1062==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-04-16T15:00:08Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1034 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_bottle Wine bottle] with a capacity of 12 liters, which equals 16 standard bottles.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last,and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either.

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
??? In music, ostinato refers to a short phrase that is repeated several times. The 2-note bass pattern from "Jaws" is an ostinato, as is the opening bass part to "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith and the bass part to Pachelbel's Canon. Any repeated riff in a rock song is an ostinato, from the opening guitar riff of "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" by the Rolling Stones to the voiced "Take a Chance"s by ABBA. Staccato is a direction in music meaning that the notes should be performed in an abrupt, sharp, clear-cut manner. It certainly pertains to machine-gun fire and Pynchon has the ostinati and the staccato "scored", which is also a musical term meaning the wriiten form of a musical composition.

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''chaffinch''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaffinch Wikipedia]

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartsease '''Heartsease'''] is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula '''Primula'''] - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula medicinal quality] of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ætherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floundering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==
'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. (Yes, because it's not factual but hypothetical). And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too. (The subjunctive mood is a mood that represents an act or state (not as a fact but) as contingent or possible. It is a grammatical form of verbs implying hypothetical action or condition. Subjunctives are italicized in these sentences: “If Mr. Stafford were (not “was”) fluent in French, he could communicate with his employees more effectively”; “If Sheila had been here, she would have helped us with our math.”)

==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details. Picture with clear explanation: [http://www.diycalculator.com/popup-h-console.shtml#A3]

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-04-16T14:47:58Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1030 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_bottle Wine bottle] with a capacity of 12 liters, which equals 16 standard bottles.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last,and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either.

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
??? In music, ostinato refers to a short phrase that is repeated several times. The 2-note bass pattern from "Jaws" is an ostinato, as is the opening bass part to "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith and the bass part to Pachelbel's Canon. Any repeated riff in a rock song is an ostinato, from the opening guitar riff of "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" by the Rolling Stones to the voiced "Take a Chance"s by ABBA. Staccato is a direction in music meaning that the notes should be performed in an abrupt, sharp, clear-cut manner. It certainly pertains to machine-gun fire and Pynchon has the ostinati and the staccato "scored", which is also a musical term meaning the wriiten form of a musical composition.

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''chaffinch''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaffinch Wikipedia]

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartsease '''Heartsease'''] is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula '''Primula'''] - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula medicinal quality] of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ætherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floundering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==
'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. (Yes, because it's not factual but hypothetical). And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too. (The subjunctive mood is a mood that represents an act or state (not as a fact but) as contingent or possible. It is a grammatical form of verbs implying hypothetical action or condition. Subjunctives are italicized in these sentences: “If Mr. Stafford were (not “was”) fluent in French, he could communicate with his employees more effectively”; “If Sheila had been here, she would have helped us with our math.”)

==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details.

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-04-16T14:46:09Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1026 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_bottle Wine bottle] with a capacity of 12 liters, which equals 16 standard bottles.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last,and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either.

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
??? In music, ostinato refers to a short phrase that is repeated several times. The 2-note bass pattern from "Jaws" is an ostinato, as is the opening bass part to "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith and the bass part to Pachelbel's Canon. Any repeated riff in a rock song is an ostinato, from the opening guitar riff of "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" by the Rolling Stones to the voiced "Take a Chance"s by ABBA. Staccato is a direction in music meaning that the notes should be performed in an abrupt, sharp, clear-cut manner. It certainly pertains to machine-gun fire and Pynchon has the ostinati and the staccato "scored", which is also a musical term meaning the wriiten form of a musical composition.

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''chaffinch''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaffinch Wikipedia]

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartsease '''Heartsease'''] is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula '''Primula'''] - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula medicinal quality] of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ætherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floudering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==
'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. (Yes, because it's not factual but hypothetical). And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too. (The subjunctive mood is a mood that represents an act or state (not as a fact but) as contingent or possible. It is a grammatical form of verbs implying hypothetical action or condition. Subjunctives are italicized in these sentences: “If Mr. Stafford were (not “was”) fluent in French, he could communicate with his employees more effectively”; “If Sheila had been here, she would have helped us with our math.”)

==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details.

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-04-16T14:44:13Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1032 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_bottle Wine bottle] with a capacity of 12 liters, which equals 16 standard bottles.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last,and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either.

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
??? In music, ostinato refers to a short phrase that is repeated several times. The 2-note bass pattern from "Jaws" is an ostinato, as is the opening bass part to "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith and the bass part to Pachelbel's Canon. Any repeated riff in a rock song is an ostinato, from the opening guitar riff of "Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love" by Van Halen to the voiced "Take a Chance"s by ABBA. Staccato is a direction in music meaning that the notes should be performed in an abrupt, sharp, clear-cut manner. It certainly pertains to machine-gun fire and Pynchon has the ostinati and the staccato "scored", which is also a musical term meaning the wriiten form of a musical composition.

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''chaffinch''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaffinch Wikipedia]

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartsease '''Heartsease'''] is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula '''Primula'''] - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula medicinal quality] of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ætherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floudering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==
'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. (Yes, because it's not factual but hypothetical). And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too. (The subjunctive mood is a mood that represents an act or state (not as a fact but) as contingent or possible. It is a grammatical form of verbs implying hypothetical action or condition. Subjunctives are italicized in these sentences: “If Mr. Stafford were (not “was”) fluent in French, he could communicate with his employees more effectively”; “If Sheila had been here, she would have helped us with our math.”)

==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details.

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-04-14T18:23:11Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1033 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_bottle Wine bottle] with a capacity of 12 liters, which equals 16 standard bottles.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last,and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either.

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
??? In music, ostinato refers to a short phrase that is repeated several times. The 2-note bass pattern from "Jaws" is an ostinato, as is the opening bass part to "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith and the bass part to Pachelbel's Canon. Any repeated riff in a rock song is an ostinato, from the opening guitar riff of "Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love" by Van Halen to the voiced "Take a Chance"s by ABBA. Staccato is a direction in music meaning that the notes should be performed in an abrupt, sharp, clear-cut manner. It certainly pertains to machine-gun fire and Pynchon has the ostinati and the staccato "scored", which is also a musical term meaning the wriiten form of a musical composition.

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''chaffinch''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaffinch Wikipedia]

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartsease '''Heartsease'''] is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula '''Primula'''] - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula medicinal quality] of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ætherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floudering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==
'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. (Yes, because it's not factual but hypothetical). And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too. (The subjunctive mood is a mood that represents an act or state (not as a fact but) as contingent or possible. It is a grammatical form of verbs implying hypothetical action or condition. Subjunctives are italicized in these sentences: “If Mr. Stafford were (not “was”) fluent in French, he could communicate with his employees more effectively”; “If Sheila had been here, she would have helped us with our math.”)

==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details.

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-04-14T17:30:16Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1030 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_bottle Wine bottle] with a capacity of 12 liters, which equals 16 standard bottles.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last,and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either.

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
??? In music, ostinato refers to a short phrase that is repeated several times. The 2-note bass pattern from "Jaws" is an ostinato, as is the opening bass part to "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith and the bass part to Pachelbel's Canon. Any repeated riff in a rock song is an ostinato, from the opening guitar riff of "Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love" by Van Halen to the voiced "Take a Chance"s by ABBA. Staccato is a direction in music meaning that the notes should be performed in an abrupt, sharp, clear-cut manner. It certainly pertains to machine-gun fire and Pynchon has the ostinati and the staccato "scored", which is also a musical term meaning the wriiten form of a musical composition.

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''chaffinch''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaffinch Wikipedia]

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartsease '''Heartsease'''] is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula '''Primula'''] - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula medicinal quality] of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ætherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floudering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==
'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too.
==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details.

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-04-14T17:28:46Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1030 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_bottle Wine bottle] with a capacity of 12 liters, which equals 16 standard bottles.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last,and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either.

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
??? In music, ostinato refers to a short phrase that is repeated several times. The 2-note bass pattern from "Jaws" is an ostinato, as is the opening bass part to "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith and the bass part to Pachelbel's Canon. Any repeated riff in a rock song is an ostinato, from the opening guitar riff of "Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love" by Van Halen to the voiced "Take a Chance"s by ABBA. Staccato is a direction in music meaning that the notes should be performed in an abrupt, sharp, clear-cut manner. It certainly pertains to machine-gun fire and Pynchon has the ostinati and the staccato "scored", which is also a musical term meaning the wriiten form of a musical composition.

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''chaffinch''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaffinch Wikipedia]

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartsease '''Heartsease'''] is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula '''Primula'''] - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula medicinal quality] of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ǣtherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floudering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==
'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too.
==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details.

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-04-14T17:19:08Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1030 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_bottle Wine bottle] with a capacity of 12 liters, which equals 16 standard bottles.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last,and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either.

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
??? In music, ostinato refers to a short phrase that is repeated several times. The 2-note bass pattern from "Jaws" is an ostinato, as is the opening bass part to "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith and the bass part to Pachelbel's Canon. Any repeated riff in a rock song is an ostinato, from the opening guitar riff of "Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love" by Van Halen to the voiced "Take a Chance"s by ABBA. Staccato is a direction in music meaning that the notes should be performed in an abrupt, sharp, clear-cut manner. It certainly pertains to machine-gun fire and Pynchon has the ostinati and the staccato "scored", which is also a musical term meaning the wriiten form of a musical composition.

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''chaffinch''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaffinch Wikipedia]

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:'''Heartsease''' is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:'''Primula''' - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the medicinal quality of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ǣtherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floudering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==
'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too.
==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details.

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-04-14T16:42:50Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1026 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_bottle Wine bottle] with a capacity of 12 liters, which equals 16 standard bottles.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last,and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either.

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
??? In music, ostinato refers to a short phrase that is repeated several times. The 2-note bass pattern from "Jaws" is an ostinato, as is the opening bass part to "Sweet Emotion" by Aerosmith and the bass part to Pachelbel's Canon. Any repeated riff in a rock song is an ostinato, from the opening guitar riff of "Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love" by Van Halen to the voiced "Take a Chance"s by ABBA. Staccato is a direction in music meaning that the notes should be performed in an abrupt, sharp, clear-cut manner. It certainly pertains to machine-gun fire and Pynchon has the ostinati and the staccato "scored", which is also a musical term meaning the wriiten form of a musical composition.

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:'''Heartsease''' is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:'''Primula''' - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the medicinal quality of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ǣtherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floudering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==
'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too.
==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details.

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-04-14T16:06:19Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1019 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_bottle Wine bottle] with a capacity of 12 liters, which equals 16 standard bottles.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last,and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either.

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
???

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:'''Heartsease''' is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:'''Primula''' - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the medicinal quality of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ǣtherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floudering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==
'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too.
==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details.

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1018-1039

2007-04-14T16:02:21Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1018 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 1018==

'''All Europe sweltered''' 
A possible jump in time of the action. I can't find year-by-year weather records going back to the 1910s, though.

1911 seems to have been a particularly hot summer in [http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1188881.ece Great Britain] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Wetterereignissen_im_20._Jahrhundert/1910er Central Europe (german Wikipedia)]

Perhaps more a reference (paramorphic mirroring) of present-day Europe's heat waves, attributed to climate change.

The great daylight comet of january 1910 and Halley's in April pass by with no noticeable effect on the world's weather nor our impressionable characters.

'''Mountains of the Moon ''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains_of_the_Moon_%28Africa%29 Wikipedia]

==Page 1019==

'''the well-known Tour d'Argent in Paris''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_d'Argent Wikipedia says] the establishment is over 400 years old.

'''Balthazar''' 
Wine bottle with a capacity of 16 liters.

'''Not long before, Pugnax had convinced her to come aboard''' 
So the action here is set before Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica? 

Or possibly some re-writing has taken place and the two passages no longer match up. Two reasons for this analysis. The description here "fiercely beautiful" does not seem to match the one on p.969 "something like a shaggy brown and blond bear with a kindly enough face". Also, despite saying that Pugnax and Kseniya only recently met, it seems that the action here is set after Kseniya's encounter with Ljubica, by which time Pugnax and Kseniya were already a steady item. We have a pretty much unbroken narrative time-line with the CoC from here until after the war, with no mention of watching over Reef, Yashmeen and Ljubica during this time.

A female Balkan sheepdog also appears in ''Lot 49'': The crew of the midget submarine "Justine" in the movie "Cashiered" is comprised of Baby Igor, his father, and Murray the St Bernard. On shore ("should there be a happy ending") are a woman for each "and even a female sheepdog with eyes for Murray the St Bernard" (Lippincott edition P. 31-32, Bantam paperback P. 18-19).

==Page 1020==

'''sympiezometer''' 
Form of barometer invented in 1818, [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Barometer says the 1911 ''Britannica.'']

'''first ''Inconvenience'' after the little-known Battle of Desconocido''' 
Another allusion to naval customs, an item claimed from a ship and carried aboard her namesake. ''Desconocido'' is Spanish: unknown.

==Page 1021==

'''Pythagorean or Counter-Earth . . . Antichthon . . . the Sun is always between us''' 
Fictional device also used in Nabokov's ''Ada'' (though not in such a powerful way). People from one Earth can visit the other, speak the language, recognize the topography, but see differences in history and customs; neither planet can ever be aware of the other in the normal course of things.

The Counter-Earth resolves the problem of Sirius rising in the summer [[ATD_892-918#Page_901|(annotations to page 901).]] When one Earth is at January in its orbit, the other is at July.

Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Earth Antichthon].

'''X-ray Spex''' 
Previously mentioned on [[ATD_588-614#Page_588|page 588]].

'''American Republic . . . passed so irrevocably into the control of the evil and moronic''' 
We're using Pynchon's ball, so we'll play by his rules. The Chums have journeyed from the other Earth to this one, not the other way around.

H.L. Mencken famously referred to the United States as "The Moronic Inferno." He also (Baltimore Evening Sun, July 26, 1920) wrote: "As democracy is perfected, the office of president represents, more and more closely, the inner soul of the people. On some great and glorious day the plain folks of the land will reach their heart's desire at last,and the White House will be adorned by a downright moron." This was in the midst of the Harding campaign, but Time is becoming increasingly confused here, and no one is bragging about George W. Bush's intellect either.

'''Foundational Memorandum''' 
The Star Trek Prime Directive again; see [[ATD_1-25#Page_8|annotations to page 8]] for its first occurrence.

==Page 1022==

'''Baklashchan''' 
???

'''Bactrian camel''' 
Dromedary vs. Bactrian: the mnemonic says count the humps in the first letter. Bactrian, two humps.

==Page 1023==

'''Lwów''' 
Name of Lviv (Lvov, L'vov) at times when it was under Polish rule.

'''the High Tatra''' 
Tatra mountain range in Slovakia.

'''Cyrenaica''' 
Eastern coastal part of Libya, bordering Egypt on its east.

'''baleful mists above West Flanders''' 
Much of the horror of the World War was centered here (Ypres, Menin, Passchendaele). The "mists" could also come from the use of poison gas, alluded to earlier.

==Page 1024==

'''''Pomne o Golodayushchiki''''' 
Remember the Starving.

'''''Dobro pozhalovat''''' 
Russian: Welcome!

'''Tsar-Bell of Moscow''' 
Famous bell that proved too heavy for the tower it was intended for; it was displayed on the ground for centuries (and may still be). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Kolokol Tsar Kolokol & its picture].

'''cranberry-flavored beer''' 
Kvass, traditional Russian beverage made by fermenting a mash of stale rye bread. It can be flavored with, among other things, cranberries.

'''since a great influenza epidemic''' 
The epidemic had gone on for several years before it burst out at the end of the World War and killed millions. 
See [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ The Influenza Pandemic of 1918] of Stanford Website.

==Page 1025==

'''''podlets''''' 
Russian: scoundrel.

'''''Shtab''''' 
Russian (from German): staff, support center, headquarters.

'''the English Slander of Women Act of 1891''' 
"As late as the 18th century in England, only imputation of crime or social disease and casting aspersions on professional competence constituted slander, and no offenses were added until ''the Slander of Women Act in 1891'' made imputation of unchastity illegal." 
— from [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9029733 Britannica Concise Encyclopedia].

==Page 1026==

'''Mount Blanc''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Blanc Mount Blanc], with a height of 15,800 ft at its summit, is the highest mountain in Western Europe. It is situated at the French/Italian border with each country claims the summit as her own. Mount Blanc is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world.

'''the Revolution''' 
On November 7, 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky's democratic Provisional Government in Petrograd (St Petersburg) in a virtually bloodless coup. See [http://www.guysboroughacademy.ednet.ns.ca/reds/november_revolution.htm November Revolution].

'''''ostinati''''' 
???

==Page 1027==

'''Konechno''' 
Russian: of course.

'''Japanese-American expeditionary force''' 
Of 1919, sent to Vladivostok and environs against the Bolsheviks. 
:Why Japanese-American ?
Wished to take adantage of the Russian turmoil after the November Revolution of 1917 and to seize and annex the Russian maritime provinces, the Japanese landed their first troops in the Russian Far East in the spring of 1918. By late 1918 they had 70,000 troops in Eastern Siberia to establish a regular occupation regime. Siberia east of Lake Baikal was Japanese territory until they withdrew in October 1922. 
Contrary to Japanese clear objective, the United States had no well-defined policy toward Russia. In August 1918 the United States dispatched from the Philippines to Siberia an expeditionary force that ultimately numbered 7,000 with the intructions to help rebuild the anti-German front but to refrain from any intervention in internal Russian affairs. The Bolsheviks treated the Americans as hostile interventionists and the Whites regarded them as Bolshevik sympathizers. Until the spring of 1919, American troops in Siberia carried out ordinary garrison duties and assumed responsibility for the operations of the Tran-Siberian Railroad. The American Expeditionary Force left Siberia in April 1920. 
:—— from Richard Pipes, ''Russia under the Bolshevik Regime'' (1993)
According to George Kennan's July 1976 article in ''Foreign Affair'': 
The United States' sending troops was not "motivated by an intention that these forces should be employed with a view to unseating the Soviet government . . . the decision ha[s] been taken . . . in conjunction with the World War then in progress, and for the purposes related primarily to the prosecution of that war."

'''relocation of Admiral Kolchak's government from Omsk''' 
A. V. Kolchak (1873-1920), an organizer of the White counterrevolutionary movement in the Russian Civil War, dictator of a realm in Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. In our history he was captured and shot. 
Shortly after the November Revolution 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary (Cf [[ATD_695-723#Page_720|page 720: Socialist Revolutionary]]) and its allies declared in January 1918 Siberia indepentdent and formed a government in Omsk in July. In October [http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kolchak.htm Admiral Alexander Kolchak] joined the Omsk government as Minister of War. In December a coup put him as the head of the government. In the war against the Bolsheviks Kolchak's forces reached its zenith in mid April 1919 pushing the Reds west of Perm-Orenburg-Caspian Sea line beyond the Ural Mountaines and advancing to the Volga. However, his fourtune changed for the worse from May 1919, and Kolchak's government was relocated from Omsk to Irkutsk (Cf [[ATD_748-767#Page_764|page 764: Irkutsk]]) on November 14, 1919.
:This happened after the event on page 1028; ie. one full year after the World War I armistice

==Page 1028==

'''Martinmas''' 
Feast day of St. Martin of Tours, November 11.

'''an armistice''' 
The agreement between the Germans and the Allies to end World War I on November 11, 1918.

==Page 1029==

'''Consequences may never end''' 
They certainly haven't. The Balkans remain a powderkeg, and the Iraq War is a direct consequence of the destruction and partition of the Ottoman Empire in World war I. But the consequences of any act never really end...

'''Nebo-tovarishch''' 
Russian: sky-comrade.

'''repeating great vertical circles''' 
Like hot-air balloons (nondirigibles) in the "box" outside Albuquerque, New Mexico.

'''standard cubic feet''' 
Measure of quantity of gas: number of cubic feet that would be occupied if the gas were at "standard conditions," i.e., 60 degrees Fahrenheit (usually) and 1 atmosphere or 14.7 pounds per square inch.

==Page 1030==

'''Sodality of Ætheronauts''' 
A sodality is a society; the ætheronauts use the æther as their medium of flight

:Recalls Cyprian Latewood's [[ATD_946-975#Page 961|Brides of Night]].

The word can have a religious connotation, reminding us of the idea of the Chums as the "compassionate ones," and of their and the Russians' aid during World War I.

'''nitronaphthol''' 
Fuel suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine.

'''Their names were Heartsease and Primula, Glee, Blaze, and Viridian''' 
:'''Heartsease''' is a flower - ''Viola tricolor'' - which has the medicinal quality of lifting the spirits, i.e., "Mends a broken heart"

:'''Primula''' - the Primrose (''Primula vulgaris'') has the medicinal quality of inducing sleep

:'''Viridian''', from the Latin for "green," and she's definitely "green", as demonstrated by this scolding of Chick Counterfly: "Fumes are not the future," declared Viridian. "Burning dead dinosaurs and whatever they ate ain't the answer, Crankshaft Boy." ([[#Page 1031|p. 1031]])

'''each had found her way to this Ǣtherist sorority through the mysteries of inconvenience...''' 
The members of the Sodality have backstories reminiscent of the Lost Boys in ''Peter Pan.'' Also reminiscent of the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#ff Floudering Four in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']:
:"Each of the FF is, in fact, gifted while at the same time flawed by his gift unfit by it for human living."

'''mysteries of inconvenience''' 
Might as well capitalize it. The Inconvenience and her crew do indeed work by making small alterations in Time and History, one of many forces doing so, and those forces are multiplying rapidly. There are several references to such minor "inconveniences" throughout the book; here such "inconveniences" create yet more forces (The Sodality) able to create yet more alterations...

==Page 1031==

'''list of variables . . . Reynolds Number''' 
Quantities describing the æther as if it were a real medium like air. 
In fluid dynamics, [http://www.answers.com/topic/reynolds-number-2 the Reynolds Number] (Re), named after the British engineer Osborne Reynods (1842-1912), is a ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. At low Reynolds number where viscous forces are dominant the flow is laminar; at high Reynolds number inertial forces dominant the flow is turbulent. Typical values of Reynolds Number: blood flow in brain ~ 100; blood flow in aorta ~ 1,000; major league baseball pitch (air over the ball) ~ 200,000; air over a cruising aircraft ~ 10,000,000.

'''boundary layer . . . the boundary-layer thickness''' 
[http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer The boundary layer] is a thin layer of flowing gas or liquid in contact with a solid surface due to the fluid viscous effect. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shear forces, and the fluid velocity varies from zero at the surface to a maximum nearly the same as the free stream velocity. The location of the maximum velocity in the boundary layer defines [http://www.answers.com/boundary%20layer%20thickness its thickness] from the solid surface. In other words, the boundary-layer thickness is the distance required for the fluid velocity rising from zero to approach its free stream value. In one of many mathematical expressions, the boundary-layer thickness can be expressed as proportional to the square root of the product of kinematic viscosity and time.
:Since the boundary-layer thickness is not proportional to the kinematic viscosity (unit: ''cm²/s'') alone, so one can NOT say the boundary-layer thickness is inversely proportional to time (unit: ''s''). The product of kinematic viscosity and time will have — ''cm²/s • s → cm²'' as its unit, the square root of it will give ''cm'', the proper unit for boundary layer thickness.

'''Like Sidney and Beatrice Webb around here''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_602|page 602: Sidney . . . Kensington Sid]]. 
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield PC (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947): British socialist, economist and reformer, normally referred to in the same breath as his wife, Beatrice Webb. They early members of the Fabian Society in 1884, along with G. Bernard Shaw, turning it into the pre-eminent political-intellectual society in England in the Edwardian era and beyond.
In H.G. Wells's The New Machiavelli (1911), the Webbs, as 'the Baileys', are unmercifully lampooned as short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Webb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice_Webb]

==Page 1032==
'''"the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp"''' 
Compare: "...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist." ([[ATD_557-587#Page 566|p. 566]]), "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), and ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light."

==Page 1033==

'''subjunctive mood . . . ''two-word vulgarism''''' 
In an expression like "Screw you," the verb is not in the imperative mood but in the subjunctive. I think. And the two-word vulgarism may be rather similar to that phrase, too.
==Page 1034==

'''huge piece of machinery . . . since 1884''' 
The Nipkow scanner works just as described in the text; it is the basis for development work that is still in progress, though not for television.
See this site: [http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/nipkow.html] for details.

'''what looked like . . . hat he was wearing''' 
They are picking up transmissions from . . . the future? another world? In any case, this one's a rerun.

==Page 1035==

==Page 1036==

'''Oxone . . . Blattnerphone components''' 
This list, all by itself, has drawn attention from [http://www.nysun.com/article/43545 a book reviewer] and [http://althouse.blogspot.com/2006/11/shelves-and-bench-tops-were-crowded.html a blogger,] both of whom regard it as "typical" of ''AtD.'' Oxone is an oxidizer in solid form, used today for swimming pool treatment. Thalofide describes a kind of photoelectric cell or electric eye. Aeolight is a brand of discharge lamp. The Blattnerphone was a wire recorder.

'''output . . . can be the indefinite integral of any signal''' 
Techno-mathematical-sounding nonsense. The photographic medium does not record any time information for use in such a reconstruction.

However, what is suggested here is that every photograph potentailly generates a family of integrals (indefinite integral) f(x)+C, where C (the Constant of Integration) can be changed (f(x)+1, f(x)+2, f(x)+3...) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_integral]--alternate integrations, if you will (see below). This is in fact an elegant mathematical, or, better, 'pataphysical, expression of the phenomenon of looking at a single photograph and imagining it as part of a movie (which is after all just a sequence of still photographs), or of many possible movies--the movie is the integral of the photograph. This is techno-mathematical nonsense of a very particular kind: an example of 'Pataphysics [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataphysics], which its originator, the absurdist novelist and playwright Alfred Jarry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jarry](1873-1907) defined as "The science of imaginary solutions". His fictional creation Dr. Faustroll explains that 'Pataphysics deals with "the laws which govern exceptions and will explain the universe supplementary to this one". One can imagine any number of possible "movies" or world-lines, for the subject of a photograph, any number of alternate histories and supplementary universes.

Many of the other pseudoscientific and "Techno-mathematically nonsensical" explanations and phenomena in this and the following sections, in fact in all of AtD, could be excellent examples of 'Pataphysics: The science of imaginary solutions.
::That is a very useful lead!

Obtaining a mathematical solution of any physical problems is the FIRST step in solving the problems. Once the solutions are obtained one goes to the SECOND step: applying boundary or initial conditions. f(x) + C above is only a set of mathematical solutions which is not the real solution to any possible physical problems until, say, some initial conditions for a particular real problem are given. In other words,
one does not just use indefinite integration to obtain answers for physical problems in real world which require initial conditions.
For a well-posed initial value problem, each initial condition corresponds to ONE AND ONLY ONE value of C. So there will be ONLY ONE possible solution !!!

'''paranoia querelans''' 
Elsewhere in ''AtD'' it's spelled ''querulans.''

==Page 1037==
[[image:Lorandite.jpg|thumb|130px|Lorandite|right]]'''Merle [...] took from a wall safe a brilliant red crystal, brought it over to a platinoid housing and carefully slid it into place. "Lorandite brought out of Macedonia before the Balkan Wars, pure thallium arsenosulfide, purer quality than you can find anymore."''' 
So is this what becomes of the "crystal about the size of a human eyeball" ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|p. 565]]) that was at the heart of the Q-weapon which is sold by [[ATD_557-587#gevaert|Edouard Gevaert]] to Piet Woevre, who gladly hands it over to Kit Traverse, who gives it to Quaternionist Umeki Tsurigane, who (probably?) gives it to Auberon Halfcourt in Constantinople, but more likely takes it with her to Japan (p. 906) where Baz Zaharoff is headed to purchase it ("something [the Japanese] came in possession of a few years ago"). And someone brings it out of Macedonia (perhaps Kit, Reef or Yashmeen?), and Photographer Merle Rideout ends up with it, using its power to reanimate photographs and unlock Time. You remember Merle showing Frank Traverse some Icelandic spar:

:“This is the stuff itself, argentaurum, about a fifty-fifty mix. And this” into the other hand sprang a blurry crystal about the size of a pocket Bible but thin as a nymph’s mirror “this is calcite, known in this particular format to some of the visiting labor as Schieferspath [ [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Calcite slate-spar (German Schieferspath) - crystals of tabular habit, and sometimes as thin as paper] ] (see also [[ATD_296-317#Page_305|annotations to page 305]]), a good pure specimen I happened to obtain one night back in Creede—yes, night does return now and then to Creede—off of a superstitious Scotchman holding a perfectly good nine of diamonds he couldn’t bring himself to hang on to. Think of this piece of spar here as the kitchen window, and just take a look through.” pp.305-306

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorandite '''Lorandite'''] is a thallium arsenic sulfosalt with formula: TlAsS2. It was first discovered at Alshar, Republic of Macedonia in 1894 and named after Loránd Eötvös, physicist at the University of Budapest.

'''Thallium''' is highly toxic and is used in rat poisons and insecticides but since it might also cause cancer, this use has been cut back or eliminated in many countries. It has even been used in some murders, earning the nicknames "The Poisoner's Poison" and "Inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). Thallium sulfide's electrical conductivity changes with exposure to infrared light therefore making this compound useful in photocells, and thallium oxide has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high index of refraction.

Iron '''arsenosulfide''' is the most common ore of arsenic. It is found in [[B#mapimi|Mexico (Mapimí)]], Sweden (Tunaberg) and the U.S. (Montana).

==Page 1038==

'''old gaffers''' 
A gaffer in the motion picture industry is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. In British English the term gaffer is long established as meaning an old man, or the foreman of a squad of workmen. The term was also used to describe men who adjusted lighting in English theatre and men who tended street lamps, after the "gaff" they used, a pole with a hook on its end [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffer].

The "old man" meaning comes from a dialectal pronunciation of "grandfather." I love the idea that Roswell and Merle are gaffers (electricians) claiming to be gaffers (old men).

==Page 1039==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1000-1017

2007-04-14T15:37:46Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1004 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1000==

'''L.A.H.D.I.D.A''' 
la-di-da: pretentious

'''Their foolish music is about to stop''' 
Vibe using the same image as Professor Sleepcoat.

==Page 1001==

'''perfect ten-acre mesh''' 
Mutilation of the land by imposition of straight lines on it.

'''telpherage''' 
Cars suspended from overhead cables, or the system of cables.

==Page 1002==

==Page 1003==

'''Trinidad''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%2C_Colorado Trinidad] is the Spanish word for Trinity.

==Page 1004==

'''Toltec Hotel''' 
Now [http://www.historictrinidad.com/toltec.htm dilapidated] but perhaps being [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-125924698.html renovated].

'''Ludlow''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow%2C_CO Wikipedia]

'''Mother Jones''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Jones Mary Harris Jones] (1830-1930), labor organizer and advocate. A speech she made in Trinidad climaxed with: "Rise up and strike . . . strike until the last one of you drop into your graves. We are going to stand together and never surrender. Boys, always remember you ain't got a damn thing if you ain't got a union!"

'''the C.F.I. office''' 
Colorado Fuel and Iron; The Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I) steel mill on the south side of town was the main industry in Pueblo, Colorado for most of its history. Over the course of its history, the company has had several major labor disputes. The most famous of these culminated in the famous Ludlow Massacre at one of its coal mines in 1914; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Fuel_and_Iron Wikipedia entry]

==Page 1005==

'''...a halo or glory out of which anything might emerge...''' 
A glory is an optical phenomenon produced by light backscattered (a combination of diffraction, reflection and refraction) towards its source by a cloud of uniformly-sized water droplets. A glory has multiple colored rings. The angular size is much smaller than a rainbow, about 5° to 20°, depending on the size of the droplets, seen in the direction opposite the sun [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_%28optical_phenomenon%29]. The description here recalls the "somehow blazingly illuminated spaces" in Penhallow's paintings (P. 897).
(Glories are often seen in association with a Brocken spectre, the apparently enormously magnified shadow of an observer cast, when the Sun is low, upon the upper surfaces of clouds that are below the mountain upon which he stands; In ''GR'' Tyrone Slothrop experiences this phenomenon atop Mt. Greylock in Massachusetts).

==Page 1006==

==Page 1007==

'''Sister Clementia''' 
There is a Sister [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementia Clementia] in the play "Sancta Susanna" written by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Stramm August Stramm].

'''John Chase . . . General''' 
Commanding state militia in the coal war; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist3.html here is a summary of atrocities committed by his force.]

==Page 1008==

'''an inestimable edge both tactical and psychological''' 
The military, acting on behalf of the plutocrats, use a less-advanced form of the ''Interdikt'' weapon: light.

'''darkness . . . compassion''' 
Respite from the attack.

==Page 1009==

'''vagging''' 
Bogus arrest for vagrancy, a strikebreaking tactic.

'''the Baldwin-Felts "detective" agency''' 
Run from Bluefield, West Virginia, the company acted outside the law on behalf of industrialists until federal law banned the use of such private armies. Significantly, its records were destroyed when the agency went out of business in 1930.

==Page 1010==

'''With a rifle it's too personal''' 
As the 20th century progressed, first the machine gun, as described here, later high-altitude bombing, later nuclear-tipped missiles, provided increasingly impersonal, and therefore easier, means of killing, one factor adduced to explain the increasing toll of violence. Perhaps another paramorphic mirror image of the early 21st century, which has seen the advent of the suicide attacker and purposeful attacks on unengaged noncombatants.

==Page 1011==

'''Pueblo''' 
City along the Front Range south of Denver and Colorado Springs, where the Arkansas River exits its canyon, the first large city north of the coalfields and site of the huge CF&I steel plant. Pronounced "Pee-eb-low" by locals.

'''the 29 Luglio Saloon''' 
Italian: July 29th.

'''Bresci . . . King Umberto . . .''' 
Cf [[ATD_724-747#Page_739|page 739: Bresci]].

'''. . . fallen somehow off a supply wagon . . .''' 
i.e. stolen.

==Page 1012==

'''Balkan folks . . . their Easter or somethin''' 
In 1914, Orthodox Easter fell on April 19 in the western calendar. Chase's final attack began the morning of the 20th.

==Page 1013==

'''mercenaries called themselves "the American Legion"''' 
Not ''that'' American Legion. These soldiers of fortune enlisted under Pancho Villa. [http://www.netdotcom.com/revmexpc/fortune.htm This web site has numerous pictures of them.]

==Page 1014==

==Page 1015==

'''Ku Klux Klan''' 
Colorado was a stronghold of the KKK into the 1920s. As late as the 1980s there was sporadic Klan activity around Colorado Springs, then attributed to groups at nearby Fort Carson. But the area was also a site of the militant right wing Posse Commitatus movement.

'''Brice''' 
Possibly named after [http://www.christdesert.org/cgi-bin/martyrology.dynamic.5.cgi?month=10&day=13&date=Go Saint Brice].

==Page 1016==

==Page 1017==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1000-1017

2007-04-14T15:33:52Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1007 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1000==

'''L.A.H.D.I.D.A''' 
la-di-da: pretentious

'''Their foolish music is about to stop''' 
Vibe using the same image as Professor Sleepcoat.

==Page 1001==

'''perfect ten-acre mesh''' 
Mutilation of the land by imposition of straight lines on it.

'''telpherage''' 
Cars suspended from overhead cables, or the system of cables.

==Page 1002==

==Page 1003==

'''Trinidad''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%2C_Colorado Trinidad] is the Spanish word for Trinity.

==Page 1004==

'''Toltec Hotel''' 
Now [http://www.historictrinidad.com/toltec.htm dilapidated] but perhaps being [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-125924698.html renovated].

'''Mother Jones''' 
Mary Harris Jones (1830-1930), labor organizer and advocate. A speech she made in Trinidad climaxed with: "Rise up and strike . . . strike until the last one of you drop into your graves. We are going to stand together and never surrender. Boys, always remember you ain't got a damn thing if you ain't got a union!"

'''the C.F.I. office''' 
Colorado Fuel and Iron; The Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I) steel mill on the south side of town was the main industry in Pueblo, Colorado for most of its history. Over the course of its history, the company has had several major labor disputes. The most famous of these culminated in the famous Ludlow Massacre at one of its coal mines in 1914; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Fuel_and_Iron Wikipedia entry]

==Page 1005==

'''...a halo or glory out of which anything might emerge...''' 
A glory is an optical phenomenon produced by light backscattered (a combination of diffraction, reflection and refraction) towards its source by a cloud of uniformly-sized water droplets. A glory has multiple colored rings. The angular size is much smaller than a rainbow, about 5° to 20°, depending on the size of the droplets, seen in the direction opposite the sun [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_%28optical_phenomenon%29]. The description here recalls the "somehow blazingly illuminated spaces" in Penhallow's paintings (P. 897).
(Glories are often seen in association with a Brocken spectre, the apparently enormously magnified shadow of an observer cast, when the Sun is low, upon the upper surfaces of clouds that are below the mountain upon which he stands; In ''GR'' Tyrone Slothrop experiences this phenomenon atop Mt. Greylock in Massachusetts).

==Page 1006==

==Page 1007==

'''Sister Clementia''' 
There is a Sister [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementia Clementia] in the play "Sancta Susanna" written by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Stramm August Stramm].

'''John Chase . . . General''' 
Commanding state militia in the coal war; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist3.html here is a summary of atrocities committed by his force.]

==Page 1008==

'''an inestimable edge both tactical and psychological''' 
The military, acting on behalf of the plutocrats, use a less-advanced form of the ''Interdikt'' weapon: light.

'''darkness . . . compassion''' 
Respite from the attack.

==Page 1009==

'''vagging''' 
Bogus arrest for vagrancy, a strikebreaking tactic.

'''the Baldwin-Felts "detective" agency''' 
Run from Bluefield, West Virginia, the company acted outside the law on behalf of industrialists until federal law banned the use of such private armies. Significantly, its records were destroyed when the agency went out of business in 1930.

==Page 1010==

'''With a rifle it's too personal''' 
As the 20th century progressed, first the machine gun, as described here, later high-altitude bombing, later nuclear-tipped missiles, provided increasingly impersonal, and therefore easier, means of killing, one factor adduced to explain the increasing toll of violence. Perhaps another paramorphic mirror image of the early 21st century, which has seen the advent of the suicide attacker and purposeful attacks on unengaged noncombatants.

==Page 1011==

'''Pueblo''' 
City along the Front Range south of Denver and Colorado Springs, where the Arkansas River exits its canyon, the first large city north of the coalfields and site of the huge CF&I steel plant. Pronounced "Pee-eb-low" by locals.

'''the 29 Luglio Saloon''' 
Italian: July 29th.

'''Bresci . . . King Umberto . . .''' 
Cf [[ATD_724-747#Page_739|page 739: Bresci]].

'''. . . fallen somehow off a supply wagon . . .''' 
i.e. stolen.

==Page 1012==

'''Balkan folks . . . their Easter or somethin''' 
In 1914, Orthodox Easter fell on April 19 in the western calendar. Chase's final attack began the morning of the 20th.

==Page 1013==

'''mercenaries called themselves "the American Legion"''' 
Not ''that'' American Legion. These soldiers of fortune enlisted under Pancho Villa. [http://www.netdotcom.com/revmexpc/fortune.htm This web site has numerous pictures of them.]

==Page 1014==

==Page 1015==

'''Ku Klux Klan''' 
Colorado was a stronghold of the KKK into the 1920s. As late as the 1980s there was sporadic Klan activity around Colorado Springs, then attributed to groups at nearby Fort Carson. But the area was also a site of the militant right wing Posse Commitatus movement.

'''Brice''' 
Possibly named after [http://www.christdesert.org/cgi-bin/martyrology.dynamic.5.cgi?month=10&day=13&date=Go Saint Brice].

==Page 1016==

==Page 1017==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1000-1017

2007-04-14T15:21:29Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1004 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1000==

'''L.A.H.D.I.D.A''' 
la-di-da: pretentious

'''Their foolish music is about to stop''' 
Vibe using the same image as Professor Sleepcoat.

==Page 1001==

'''perfect ten-acre mesh''' 
Mutilation of the land by imposition of straight lines on it.

'''telpherage''' 
Cars suspended from overhead cables, or the system of cables.

==Page 1002==

==Page 1003==

'''Trinidad''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%2C_Colorado Trinidad] is the Spanish word for Trinity.

==Page 1004==

'''Toltec Hotel''' 
Now [http://www.historictrinidad.com/toltec.htm dilapidated] but perhaps being [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-125924698.html renovated].

'''Mother Jones''' 
Mary Harris Jones (1830-1930), labor organizer and advocate. A speech she made in Trinidad climaxed with: "Rise up and strike . . . strike until the last one of you drop into your graves. We are going to stand together and never surrender. Boys, always remember you ain't got a damn thing if you ain't got a union!"

'''the C.F.I. office''' 
Colorado Fuel and Iron; The Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I) steel mill on the south side of town was the main industry in Pueblo, Colorado for most of its history. Over the course of its history, the company has had several major labor disputes. The most famous of these culminated in the famous Ludlow Massacre at one of its coal mines in 1914; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Fuel_and_Iron Wikipedia entry]

==Page 1005==

'''...a halo or glory out of which anything might emerge...''' 
A glory is an optical phenomenon produced by light backscattered (a combination of diffraction, reflection and refraction) towards its source by a cloud of uniformly-sized water droplets. A glory has multiple colored rings. The angular size is much smaller than a rainbow, about 5° to 20°, depending on the size of the droplets, seen in the direction opposite the sun [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_%28optical_phenomenon%29]. The description here recalls the "somehow blazingly illuminated spaces" in Penhallow's paintings (P. 897).
(Glories are often seen in association with a Brocken spectre, the apparently enormously magnified shadow of an observer cast, when the Sun is low, upon the upper surfaces of clouds that are below the mountain upon which he stands; In ''GR'' Tyrone Slothrop experiences this phenomenon atop Mt. Greylock in Massachusetts).

==Page 1006==

==Page 1007==

'''John Chase . . . General''' 
Commanding state militia in the coal war; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist3.html here is a summary of atrocities committed by his force.]

==Page 1008==

'''an inestimable edge both tactical and psychological''' 
The military, acting on behalf of the plutocrats, use a less-advanced form of the ''Interdikt'' weapon: light.

'''darkness . . . compassion''' 
Respite from the attack.

==Page 1009==

'''vagging''' 
Bogus arrest for vagrancy, a strikebreaking tactic.

'''the Baldwin-Felts "detective" agency''' 
Run from Bluefield, West Virginia, the company acted outside the law on behalf of industrialists until federal law banned the use of such private armies. Significantly, its records were destroyed when the agency went out of business in 1930.

==Page 1010==

'''With a rifle it's too personal''' 
As the 20th century progressed, first the machine gun, as described here, later high-altitude bombing, later nuclear-tipped missiles, provided increasingly impersonal, and therefore easier, means of killing, one factor adduced to explain the increasing toll of violence. Perhaps another paramorphic mirror image of the early 21st century, which has seen the advent of the suicide attacker and purposeful attacks on unengaged noncombatants.

==Page 1011==

'''Pueblo''' 
City along the Front Range south of Denver and Colorado Springs, where the Arkansas River exits its canyon, the first large city north of the coalfields and site of the huge CF&I steel plant. Pronounced "Pee-eb-low" by locals.

'''the 29 Luglio Saloon''' 
Italian: July 29th.

'''Bresci . . . King Umberto . . .''' 
Cf [[ATD_724-747#Page_739|page 739: Bresci]].

'''. . . fallen somehow off a supply wagon . . .''' 
i.e. stolen.

==Page 1012==

'''Balkan folks . . . their Easter or somethin''' 
In 1914, Orthodox Easter fell on April 19 in the western calendar. Chase's final attack began the morning of the 20th.

==Page 1013==

'''mercenaries called themselves "the American Legion"''' 
Not ''that'' American Legion. These soldiers of fortune enlisted under Pancho Villa. [http://www.netdotcom.com/revmexpc/fortune.htm This web site has numerous pictures of them.]

==Page 1014==

==Page 1015==

'''Ku Klux Klan''' 
Colorado was a stronghold of the KKK into the 1920s. As late as the 1980s there was sporadic Klan activity around Colorado Springs, then attributed to groups at nearby Fort Carson. But the area was also a site of the militant right wing Posse Commitatus movement.

'''Brice''' 
Possibly named after [http://www.christdesert.org/cgi-bin/martyrology.dynamic.5.cgi?month=10&day=13&date=Go Saint Brice].

==Page 1016==

==Page 1017==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1000-1017

2007-04-14T15:17:12Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1004 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1000==

'''L.A.H.D.I.D.A''' 
la-di-da: pretentious

'''Their foolish music is about to stop''' 
Vibe using the same image as Professor Sleepcoat.

==Page 1001==

'''perfect ten-acre mesh''' 
Mutilation of the land by imposition of straight lines on it.

'''telpherage''' 
Cars suspended from overhead cables, or the system of cables.

==Page 1002==

==Page 1003==

'''Trinidad''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%2C_Colorado Trinidad] is the Spanish word for Trinity.

==Page 1004==

'''Toltec Hotel''' 
[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-125924698.html news] and [http://www.historictrinidad.com/toltec.htm pics]

'''Mother Jones''' 
Mary Harris Jones (1830-1930), labor organizer and advocate. A speech she made in Trinidad climaxed with: "Rise up and strike . . . strike until the last one of you drop into your graves. We are going to stand together and never surrender. Boys, always remember you ain't got a damn thing if you ain't got a union!"

'''the C.F.I. office''' 
Colorado Fuel and Iron; The Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I) steel mill on the south side of town was the main industry in Pueblo, Colorado for most of its history. Over the course of its history, the company has had several major labor disputes. The most famous of these culminated in the famous Ludlow Massacre at one of its coal mines in 1914; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Fuel_and_Iron Wikipedia entry]

==Page 1005==

'''...a halo or glory out of which anything might emerge...''' 
A glory is an optical phenomenon produced by light backscattered (a combination of diffraction, reflection and refraction) towards its source by a cloud of uniformly-sized water droplets. A glory has multiple colored rings. The angular size is much smaller than a rainbow, about 5° to 20°, depending on the size of the droplets, seen in the direction opposite the sun [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_%28optical_phenomenon%29]. The description here recalls the "somehow blazingly illuminated spaces" in Penhallow's paintings (P. 897).
(Glories are often seen in association with a Brocken spectre, the apparently enormously magnified shadow of an observer cast, when the Sun is low, upon the upper surfaces of clouds that are below the mountain upon which he stands; In ''GR'' Tyrone Slothrop experiences this phenomenon atop Mt. Greylock in Massachusetts).

==Page 1006==

==Page 1007==

'''John Chase . . . General''' 
Commanding state militia in the coal war; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist3.html here is a summary of atrocities committed by his force.]

==Page 1008==

'''an inestimable edge both tactical and psychological''' 
The military, acting on behalf of the plutocrats, use a less-advanced form of the ''Interdikt'' weapon: light.

'''darkness . . . compassion''' 
Respite from the attack.

==Page 1009==

'''vagging''' 
Bogus arrest for vagrancy, a strikebreaking tactic.

'''the Baldwin-Felts "detective" agency''' 
Run from Bluefield, West Virginia, the company acted outside the law on behalf of industrialists until federal law banned the use of such private armies. Significantly, its records were destroyed when the agency went out of business in 1930.

==Page 1010==

'''With a rifle it's too personal''' 
As the 20th century progressed, first the machine gun, as described here, later high-altitude bombing, later nuclear-tipped missiles, provided increasingly impersonal, and therefore easier, means of killing, one factor adduced to explain the increasing toll of violence. Perhaps another paramorphic mirror image of the early 21st century, which has seen the advent of the suicide attacker and purposeful attacks on unengaged noncombatants.

==Page 1011==

'''Pueblo''' 
City along the Front Range south of Denver and Colorado Springs, where the Arkansas River exits its canyon, the first large city north of the coalfields and site of the huge CF&I steel plant. Pronounced "Pee-eb-low" by locals.

'''the 29 Luglio Saloon''' 
Italian: July 29th.

'''Bresci . . . King Umberto . . .''' 
Cf [[ATD_724-747#Page_739|page 739: Bresci]].

'''. . . fallen somehow off a supply wagon . . .''' 
i.e. stolen.

==Page 1012==

'''Balkan folks . . . their Easter or somethin''' 
In 1914, Orthodox Easter fell on April 19 in the western calendar. Chase's final attack began the morning of the 20th.

==Page 1013==

'''mercenaries called themselves "the American Legion"''' 
Not ''that'' American Legion. These soldiers of fortune enlisted under Pancho Villa. [http://www.netdotcom.com/revmexpc/fortune.htm This web site has numerous pictures of them.]

==Page 1014==

==Page 1015==

'''Ku Klux Klan''' 
Colorado was a stronghold of the KKK into the 1920s. As late as the 1980s there was sporadic Klan activity around Colorado Springs, then attributed to groups at nearby Fort Carson. But the area was also a site of the militant right wing Posse Commitatus movement.

'''Brice''' 
Possibly named after [http://www.christdesert.org/cgi-bin/martyrology.dynamic.5.cgi?month=10&day=13&date=Go Saint Brice].

==Page 1016==

==Page 1017==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1000-1017

2007-04-14T15:15:11Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1003 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1000==

'''L.A.H.D.I.D.A''' 
la-di-da: pretentious

'''Their foolish music is about to stop''' 
Vibe using the same image as Professor Sleepcoat.

==Page 1001==

'''perfect ten-acre mesh''' 
Mutilation of the land by imposition of straight lines on it.

'''telpherage''' 
Cars suspended from overhead cables, or the system of cables.

==Page 1002==

==Page 1003==

'''Trinidad''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%2C_Colorado Trinidad] is the Spanish word for Trinity.

==Page 1004==

'''Mother Jones''' 
Mary Harris Jones (1830-1930), labor organizer and advocate. A speech she made in Trinidad climaxed with: "Rise up and strike . . . strike until the last one of you drop into your graves. We are going to stand together and never surrender. Boys, always remember you ain't got a damn thing if you ain't got a union!"

'''the C.F.I. office''' 
Colorado Fuel and Iron; The Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I) steel mill on the south side of town was the main industry in Pueblo, Colorado for most of its history. Over the course of its history, the company has had several major labor disputes. The most famous of these culminated in the famous Ludlow Massacre at one of its coal mines in 1914; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Fuel_and_Iron Wikipedia entry]

==Page 1005==

'''...a halo or glory out of which anything might emerge...''' 
A glory is an optical phenomenon produced by light backscattered (a combination of diffraction, reflection and refraction) towards its source by a cloud of uniformly-sized water droplets. A glory has multiple colored rings. The angular size is much smaller than a rainbow, about 5° to 20°, depending on the size of the droplets, seen in the direction opposite the sun [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_%28optical_phenomenon%29]. The description here recalls the "somehow blazingly illuminated spaces" in Penhallow's paintings (P. 897).
(Glories are often seen in association with a Brocken spectre, the apparently enormously magnified shadow of an observer cast, when the Sun is low, upon the upper surfaces of clouds that are below the mountain upon which he stands; In ''GR'' Tyrone Slothrop experiences this phenomenon atop Mt. Greylock in Massachusetts).

==Page 1006==

==Page 1007==

'''John Chase . . . General''' 
Commanding state militia in the coal war; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist3.html here is a summary of atrocities committed by his force.]

==Page 1008==

'''an inestimable edge both tactical and psychological''' 
The military, acting on behalf of the plutocrats, use a less-advanced form of the ''Interdikt'' weapon: light.

'''darkness . . . compassion''' 
Respite from the attack.

==Page 1009==

'''vagging''' 
Bogus arrest for vagrancy, a strikebreaking tactic.

'''the Baldwin-Felts "detective" agency''' 
Run from Bluefield, West Virginia, the company acted outside the law on behalf of industrialists until federal law banned the use of such private armies. Significantly, its records were destroyed when the agency went out of business in 1930.

==Page 1010==

'''With a rifle it's too personal''' 
As the 20th century progressed, first the machine gun, as described here, later high-altitude bombing, later nuclear-tipped missiles, provided increasingly impersonal, and therefore easier, means of killing, one factor adduced to explain the increasing toll of violence. Perhaps another paramorphic mirror image of the early 21st century, which has seen the advent of the suicide attacker and purposeful attacks on unengaged noncombatants.

==Page 1011==

'''Pueblo''' 
City along the Front Range south of Denver and Colorado Springs, where the Arkansas River exits its canyon, the first large city north of the coalfields and site of the huge CF&I steel plant. Pronounced "Pee-eb-low" by locals.

'''the 29 Luglio Saloon''' 
Italian: July 29th.

'''Bresci . . . King Umberto . . .''' 
Cf [[ATD_724-747#Page_739|page 739: Bresci]].

'''. . . fallen somehow off a supply wagon . . .''' 
i.e. stolen.

==Page 1012==

'''Balkan folks . . . their Easter or somethin''' 
In 1914, Orthodox Easter fell on April 19 in the western calendar. Chase's final attack began the morning of the 20th.

==Page 1013==

'''mercenaries called themselves "the American Legion"''' 
Not ''that'' American Legion. These soldiers of fortune enlisted under Pancho Villa. [http://www.netdotcom.com/revmexpc/fortune.htm This web site has numerous pictures of them.]

==Page 1014==

==Page 1015==

'''Ku Klux Klan''' 
Colorado was a stronghold of the KKK into the 1920s. As late as the 1980s there was sporadic Klan activity around Colorado Springs, then attributed to groups at nearby Fort Carson. But the area was also a site of the militant right wing Posse Commitatus movement.

'''Brice''' 
Possibly named after [http://www.christdesert.org/cgi-bin/martyrology.dynamic.5.cgi?month=10&day=13&date=Go Saint Brice].

==Page 1016==

==Page 1017==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 1000-1017

2007-04-14T15:03:33Z

Bouleris: /* Page 1015 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page XX==

'''Sample entry''' 
Please format like this.

==Page 1000==

'''L.A.H.D.I.D.A''' 
la-di-da: pretentious

'''Their foolish music is about to stop''' 
Vibe using the same image as Professor Sleepcoat.

==Page 1001==

'''perfect ten-acre mesh''' 
Mutilation of the land by imposition of straight lines on it.

'''telpherage''' 
Cars suspended from overhead cables, or the system of cables.

==Page 1002==

==Page 1003==

==Page 1004==

'''Mother Jones''' 
Mary Harris Jones (1830-1930), labor organizer and advocate. A speech she made in Trinidad climaxed with: "Rise up and strike . . . strike until the last one of you drop into your graves. We are going to stand together and never surrender. Boys, always remember you ain't got a damn thing if you ain't got a union!"

'''the C.F.I. office''' 
Colorado Fuel and Iron; The Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I) steel mill on the south side of town was the main industry in Pueblo, Colorado for most of its history. Over the course of its history, the company has had several major labor disputes. The most famous of these culminated in the famous Ludlow Massacre at one of its coal mines in 1914; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Fuel_and_Iron Wikipedia entry]

==Page 1005==

'''...a halo or glory out of which anything might emerge...''' 
A glory is an optical phenomenon produced by light backscattered (a combination of diffraction, reflection and refraction) towards its source by a cloud of uniformly-sized water droplets. A glory has multiple colored rings. The angular size is much smaller than a rainbow, about 5° to 20°, depending on the size of the droplets, seen in the direction opposite the sun [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_%28optical_phenomenon%29]. The description here recalls the "somehow blazingly illuminated spaces" in Penhallow's paintings (P. 897).
(Glories are often seen in association with a Brocken spectre, the apparently enormously magnified shadow of an observer cast, when the Sun is low, upon the upper surfaces of clouds that are below the mountain upon which he stands; In ''GR'' Tyrone Slothrop experiences this phenomenon atop Mt. Greylock in Massachusetts).

==Page 1006==

==Page 1007==

'''John Chase . . . General''' 
Commanding state militia in the coal war; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist3.html here is a summary of atrocities committed by his force.]

==Page 1008==

'''an inestimable edge both tactical and psychological''' 
The military, acting on behalf of the plutocrats, use a less-advanced form of the ''Interdikt'' weapon: light.

'''darkness . . . compassion''' 
Respite from the attack.

==Page 1009==

'''vagging''' 
Bogus arrest for vagrancy, a strikebreaking tactic.

'''the Baldwin-Felts "detective" agency''' 
Run from Bluefield, West Virginia, the company acted outside the law on behalf of industrialists until federal law banned the use of such private armies. Significantly, its records were destroyed when the agency went out of business in 1930.

==Page 1010==

'''With a rifle it's too personal''' 
As the 20th century progressed, first the machine gun, as described here, later high-altitude bombing, later nuclear-tipped missiles, provided increasingly impersonal, and therefore easier, means of killing, one factor adduced to explain the increasing toll of violence. Perhaps another paramorphic mirror image of the early 21st century, which has seen the advent of the suicide attacker and purposeful attacks on unengaged noncombatants.

==Page 1011==

'''Pueblo''' 
City along the Front Range south of Denver and Colorado Springs, where the Arkansas River exits its canyon, the first large city north of the coalfields and site of the huge CF&I steel plant. Pronounced "Pee-eb-low" by locals.

'''the 29 Luglio Saloon''' 
Italian: July 29th.

'''Bresci . . . King Umberto . . .''' 
Cf [[ATD_724-747#Page_739|page 739: Bresci]].

'''. . . fallen somehow off a supply wagon . . .''' 
i.e. stolen.

==Page 1012==

'''Balkan folks . . . their Easter or somethin''' 
In 1914, Orthodox Easter fell on April 19 in the western calendar. Chase's final attack began the morning of the 20th.

==Page 1013==

'''mercenaries called themselves "the American Legion"''' 
Not ''that'' American Legion. These soldiers of fortune enlisted under Pancho Villa. [http://www.netdotcom.com/revmexpc/fortune.htm This web site has numerous pictures of them.]

==Page 1014==

==Page 1015==

'''Ku Klux Klan''' 
Colorado was a stronghold of the KKK into the 1920s. As late as the 1980s there was sporadic Klan activity around Colorado Springs, then attributed to groups at nearby Fort Carson. But the area was also a site of the militant right wing Posse Commitatus movement.

'''Brice''' 
Possibly named after [http://www.christdesert.org/cgi-bin/martyrology.dynamic.5.cgi?month=10&day=13&date=Go Saint Brice].

==Page 1016==

==Page 1017==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 976-999

2007-04-12T18:00:43Z

Bouleris: /* Page 996 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 976==

'''the coalfield troubles in southern Colorado''' 
The United Mine Workers called a stike in Colorado's coalfields north of Denver in 1910 winning a 10 percent wage increase for ten thousand Colorado miners. The union's real target was the larger southern coalfield. A state-wide coal strike was called in September 1913 and lasted 14 months resulted in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_massacre the Ludlow Massacre] of April 20, 1914, in which 20 people were killed.

'''the Madero revolution''' 
in 1910, out of Mexico, led by Madera. Ramifications felt in El Paso, where a Senate Committee investigated in 1912 and found Standard Oil partly responsible. 
Relevant?--a Mormon settlement was investigated as part of the investigation. 
[http://www.mexconnect.com/MEX/austin/revolution.html The Madero (Mexican) Revolution] was brought on by, among other factors, tremendous disagreement among the Mexican people over the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Madero was one of the strongest believers that Diaz should renounce his power and not seek re-election in 1910. He was jailed by Diaz but was able to escape on October 4, 1910, to the US. In San Antonio, Texas, he issued his Plan of San Luis Potosi proclaiming the 1910 election null and void and called for an armed revolution on November 20, 1910 against the "illegitimate" presidency of Diaz. Madero also promised agrarian land reforms to attract Mexico's peasants to his cause. The revolution spread, the Maderista troops, with Pancho Villa in the North and Emiliano Zapata in the South, defeated the army of Diaz within six months, and Diaz resigned on May 25, 1911. Francisco Madero was elected President on October 1, 1911 and assumed power on November 6.

==Page 977==

'''cross-gable''' 
Two perpendicular gable roofs; [http://www.roofingchildsplay.com/articles/the_gable_roof.php pic and more]

'''Baby Doe Tabor ... Haw Tabor''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=T alphabetical index T] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_273-295#Page_274 page 274]

'''I'm Going..Salome''' 
Stanley Murphy, lyricist, written before 1909. 
"I'm going to get myself a black Salome" 
Composer: Wynn, Ed 1886-1966
Lyrics: Big Bill Jefferson a railroad man (first line of text)
Contributors: Murphy, Stanley 1875-1919
Publication Date: 1908
For voice and piano.
Cover ill.: African American man watching a belly dancer. Photo of Ed. Wynn. [http://www.thehackley.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=d-000-00---0dplhacsm--00-0-0-0prompt-10---4---Document---0-1l--1-en-50---20-about---001-011-1-0utfZz-8-0&a=d&cl=CL6.15&d=HASH01fdd49fdb3579dd874ac2c1 link]

'''majolica''' 
A particular type of white colour glaze for earthenware ceramics that was known for its ability to mimic (poorly) historically expensive porcelain. Its name comes from the practice of importing it into Europe through the ports of the Balearic island Majorca from the Mid-east. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majolica Wikipedia]

==Page 978==

''''''Tá bien, no te preocupes, m'hija''''' 
Spanish: It's all right, don't trouble yourself, my dear.

'''Galluses''' 
a pair of suspenders for trousers. "Braces" in British English.

'''Czolgosz''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
Leon Frank Czolgosz (January 24, 1873 – October 29, 1901) was the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley. In the last few years of his short life he was heavily influenced by anarchists like Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Frank_Czolgosz From Wikipedia]

'''President McKinley''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
William McKinley, Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley from Wikipedia] McKinley as president placed the US on the gold standard (remember Dally and the poster for bimetallism).

'''One thousand Fast Lake Navigation, 158 Fast Express, and 206 Automobile Inverts''' 
[http://www.filbert.com/stamplistopedia/us_inverts/default.htm Here] is a page with images of the stamp. Also, an interesting little [http://www.topix.net/forum/hobbies/stamp-collecting/TAN9GV5A1E1LCSGDV online tidbit] which references this stamp with the inverted center to which this page refers.

These misprinted ("alternate") stamps, associated with Anarchism, and the philatelically-named Jenny Invert with her similar association to the Anarchist collective at Yz-le-Bans, inevitably call to mind the subtly altered stamps of the anarchist (or at any rate anti-government) Trystero in ''Lot 49'', postage in an alterntive, underground communication system.
We have, then, the theme of underground, alternative communication introduced again (the first time in AtD is with the London gas pipes).

==Page 979==

'''Hanna's miserable stooge''' 
Mark Hanna (September 24, 1837–February 15, 1904), born Marcus Alonzo Hanna, was an industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. He rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful Republican Presidential candidate William McKinley in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hanna From Wikipedia]. Obviously, the stooge refers to McKinley.

'''henriettia''' 
A fine diagonal twilled (ribbed) dress fabric made with silk warp (vertical threads) and fine worsted (firm-textured) weft (horizontal threads), which makes it resemble Cashmere cloth. 
Weave: Twill 
Characteristics: Originally consisted of worsted filling and silk warp. Today, it can be found in a variety of blends. It has excellent drapability. It's weight and quality vary with fibres, however, when created with silk and wool it is lustrous and soft.
Uses: Dress goods. Textile Dictionary

'''Œdipal''' 
From the myth of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus#Homer.27s_Oedipus Oedipus] Rex, about a returning son killing his father, rendered infamous through Freud's interpretation of its significance to men and rendered famous by the Sophocles plays in the 5th century B.C.

And perhaps a Pynchon in-joke of sorts. The protagonist of ''Lot 49'' is Oedipa Maas (it has been suggested: "More Oedipal"), also in trouble over stamps; in fact "Lot 49" refers to the auction lot of Trystero-altered stamps in the collection of Pierce Inverarity (it has been suggested: "Inverse Rarity"), for whose estate Oedipa is executor. A few pages from here the issue of alternate communication forms will be introduced; these references to the issues in ''Lot 49'' could serve to alert the experienced reader of Pynchon to their importance in AtD.

==Page 980==

==Page 981==

'''the one with the destiny''' 
Do we learn anything about this odd Oust child?

(Presumably Ewball?). No, this one is apparently a little child when Ewball is a grownup.

Maybe [[ATD_119-148#Page_140|a child born with a caul?]] It would not take much of a prophet to say that such a child has a destiny.

'''tintypes''' 
A cheap, common and durable form of black and white photographic image where a sensitised collodion is poured upon a thin sheet of soot blackened tin, exposed and developed. Often hand-coloured. The most notable practitioners and teachers of the process in the US are [http://www.collodion.org/ Mark Osterman and France Scully Osterman]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintype tintype wikipedia entry].

==Page 982==

'''the Madero Revolution had moved on''' 
Madero took office as president in November, 1911. However, he was no longer the universal and unquestioned leader he once had been. He turned his back on the forces that had brought him to power. His refusal to enact land reforms caused a break with Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) and other revolutionary leaders and losing much of his popular support gained during the revolution. The rural working class, who had supported Madero, now took up arms against him.

''' Many were rebelling in the name of disaffected ex-minister Emilio Vázquez''' 
Emilio Vázquez Gómez (1888-1913). An anti-Madero figure. 
With the collapse of Diaz regime in May 1911 an interim government was formed and a national election was called for in October the same year. Emilio Vazquez Gomez (1888-1913) was the Interior Minister of the interim government and a leader of an important wing of initial Maderista movement. He and his followers, wth the support of several revolutionary leaders, demand the immediate adopttion of the Plan de San Luis. Vazquistas began an open rebellion to dissolve the interim government and put Madero himself in the presidency before the upcoming election. The revolt, begun at the end of June, reached a new level on August 2, 1911 when Vazquez Gomez resigned as Interior Minister. Three weeks later Vazquista presented a plan in which the interim government was not to be recognized, the command of the revolution was to be handed over to Vazquez Gomez, large landholdings were to be broken up, etc. Madero's dissolving the original anti Diaz party replaced by a new one led to the split with Vazquez Gomez. During the October elections the Vazquista rebellion created unrest in the northern states and attracted several ex-Maderista ''caudillos'' such as Emilio Campas and José Inés Salazar. After the election, the Vazquista rebellion continued and flared up in Chihuahua City in January 1912 against the Madero government. Toward the end of February that revolt spread to several places in the state. In early May, Vazquez Gomez proclaimed himself provisional president, with his capital in Juarez. But his "government" did not obtain much strong support and he was forced to leave the country for the US shortly thereafter. By the fall of 1912, the Vazquista movement had dissolved.

'''Magonistas''' 
Mexican anarchists, followers of brothers Enrique and Ricardo Flores Magón (1874-1922). During the [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/99winter/magonista.htm "Magonista" Revolt] of 1911, a short-lived revolutionary commune was set-up in Baja California. In present Mexico, the Flores Magon brothers are considered left wing political icons nearly as notable as Emiliano Zapata, and numerous streets, towns and neighborhoods are named for them.

==Page 983==

'''Morelos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morelos A state] in southern Mexico.

'''Emiliano Zapata had . . . begun a serious insurrection against the government''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata Emiliano Zapata] (1879-1919) was a leading figure in the 1910-11 Madero Revolution against the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Zapata's discontent with Madero started before the latter became the president. The Ciudad Juárez peace treaty of May 21, 1911 between the Maderistas and Porfirian force ending the military phase of the Madero revolution failed to mention land reforms at all; it turned over the power to an interim government not to the revolutionary forces, as if the fall of the Diaz government had been achieved through secret cabinet pressure according to existing laws not as a result of a revolution; furthermore, the treaty acknowledged the power of federal army and specified to disarmed and demobilized the revolutionary armed groups including Zapatistas. Vazquistas revolted as early as June against the interim government and Zapata openly did so in Morelos on November 25, 1911 against the Madero regime. The Zapatista armed insurrection was the longest-lasting of the rebellions of 1911, and would extend itself throughout Madero's term (1911-13) untill merging with the new insurrectional wave of 1913.

'''Pascual Orozco''' 
1882-1915, importer of armaments from U.S., maderista, revolted against Madero government in 1912. 
[http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/OO/for8.html Pascual Orozco,Jr.] (1882-1915) was a Mexican revolutionary hero and leader. In his early life he was a muleteer working for several large mining companies in the Chihuahua mountains. He soon involved in anti-Diaz activities in 1909 of purchaing arms and ammunition in the U.S. and taking them to Mexico on half of the Magónistas. After Madero called for armed uprising in October 1910 Orozco became the revolutionary chief in the District of Guerrero. On May 10, 1911, Orozco and Pancho Villa won a major military victory in the war against the Porfirian government by taking Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, which led to the signing of the Peace Treaty and the resignation of Diaz. However, for the reasons stated above (Zapata), Orozco announced his revolt against the Madero government on March 3, 1912 lending the anti-Madero movement instant credibility. The Orozquistas won a series of victories for the rest of the month, and the Battle of Rellano (pp. 984-985 of AtD) of March 23 was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign. Orozco and his followers was decisively defeated at the Second Battle of Rellano of May 22-23 by Victoriano Huerta, the new field commnader of Madero ''federales''. By the beginning of October, the Orozquista rebellion had ended and Orozco himself had crossed over to the U.S. acknowledging his defeat.

'''José Inés Salazar''' 
A longtime colleague of Pascual Orozco and later one of the leading Orozquista generals. In May 1909 he and Orozco smuggled arms from the U.S. to Mexico on behalf of the Magonistas. Later fought with Orozco against Madero.

'''Braulio Hernández''' 
A prominent Maderista but later became a radical Orozquista. [http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/library/bakerPhotos.htm Here] is a great set of photos capturing many of the Mexican revolutionary leaders (including Braulio Hernández) and a visual glimpse into the revolution.

'''Pancho Villa''' 
Christened [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancho_Villa Doroteo Arango Arámbula]. Pancho Villa (1878-1923) was one of the foremost leaders of the Mexican Revolution (1911-1920). His charisma and battle victories and his raid on Columbus, New Mexico, made him an idol of the masses and a folk hero. 
He spend his early years in the mountains in the Northern Mexico running from the law. He answered Madero's call for an armed uprising against the Diaz regime and helped defeat the federal army of Diaz in the first Battle of Ciudad Juáez of April-May 1911. At the beginning of Orozco's revolt Pancho Villa was still loyal to the Madero government and fought along with Victoriano Huerta against the Orozquistas. But after Huerta's murdering of Madero and usurpation of the power on February 22, 1913, Villa allied himself with Carranza and fought against Huerta. Villa's revolutionary aims (other than military goals), unlike those of Emiliano Zapata's, were never clearly defined. He was the provisional governor of Chihuahua (1913-14). His 1916 raid on Columbus, New Mexico, provoked the Punitive Expedition by General John Pershing. At this time Pancho Villa was fighting against Carranza until 1920 when the latter was assassinated. Pancho Villa himself, retired from revolutionary life in 1920, was gunned down in his car on July 20, 1923.

'''José Gonzáles Salas''' 
Maderista general in command against Orozco; replaced by Huerta, to Madero's later discomfiture.

'''the country around Jiménez . . .''' 
The region around Jiménez, a mining center in Chihuahua 130 miles south of Chihuahua City, is known for large number of meteorites, some of them discovered by the Spaniards in 16th and 17th centuries, and now exhibited in Palacio de Mineria (Minery Palace) in Mexico city.

'''Chupaderos''' 
There are two Chupaderos meteorites. Both were found in 1852 in the area around Jiménez. With a weight of 14.114 tons, Chupaderos I is ranked as the 10th largest meteorite in the world; and Chupaderos II with a weight of 6.767 tons ranked 14th. Photos of [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(1)-3.jpg Chupaderos I] and [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(II)-1.jpg Chupaderos II].

'''the Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
A small desert area east of Jiménez, the habitat of the Mexican Bolsón Tortoise, one of the four North American tortoise species. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B Alphabetical Index B] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_395 page 395].

==Page 984==

'''''máquina loca''''' 
crazy machine.

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Spanish: (ready) for your orders. In English one would say, "at your service."

'''One prong of the government attack . . . between Corralitos and Rellano . . .''' 
''The Battle of Rellano''. On March 23, 1912, in Rellano, an intermediate point between Torreón and Chihuahua, there was the formal battle between the Orozuistas and the Madero government forces, with a disatrous result for the ''federales''. Its commander, General José Gonzáles Salas, humiliated by the defeat, committed suicide during the retreat. The Battle of Rellano was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign.

'''''Andale, muchachos''''' 
Spanish: let's go, boys.

==Page 985==

'''Parral''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C_Chihuahua Parral] is where Pancho Villa was assassinated on July 20, 1923. Apparently someone remembered the sacking, dynamiting, looting, and killing.

==Page 986==

'''Victoriano Huerta''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: General Huerta]]. 
After the defeat at the Battle of Rellano (pp.984-985 AtD) on March 23, 1912, Madero appointed Victoriano Huerta, an able and competent professional soldier, head of the federal forces on April 1. On May 22-23 Huerta crushed the Orozquistas at the Second Battle of Rellano. This battle was the turning point in the campaign against Orozco. In five consecutive engagements Huerta drove the badly beaten Orozco crossed into the U.S. in September. As a man almost too bad to be true, he began laying plans for Madero's overthrow and the usurpation of presidential power, which he accomplished in ''la decena trágica'', the Ten Tragic Days, of February 1913 and thus earned himself a permanent spot in Mexico's hall of infamy.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V alpha index V] (page down to von Quassel) and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_588-614#Page_596 page 596]

'''Tampico''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637], where (and when) Frank first meets Günther.

'''Orizaba product''' 
One of the leading industries of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orizaba Orizaba] is the Cervecería Moctezuma brewery which was established in 1896.

'''Chiapas''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637]

==Page 987==

'''Oaxaca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca Wikipedia]

'''cafetal''' 
Spanish: coffee plantation.

'''jefe politico''' 
Spanish: political boss.

'''Juchitán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juchitan Juchitán]

'''Benito Juárez Maza''' 
Governor of Oaxaca from 1911 until his death the next year. He was the
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%25C3%25A1rez_Maza&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=7&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBenito%2BJu%25C3%25A1rez%2BMaza%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff son] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez Benito Juárez], the beloved President of Mexico for five different terms from 1858-1872 (so before Porfirio Díaz).

==Page 988==

'''chegomista''' 
Follower of Che Gómez, identified on page 987.

'''"El Reparador"''' 
Spanish: "The Fixer." Epithet of a hundred operators in crime literature. Or, as the text eventually suggests, "The Repairman."

'''Ibargüengoitia''' 
Speculation on this surname: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Ibarg%C3%BCengoitia Jorge Ibargüengoitia] was a novelist and playwright who wrote, among other things, Los Relámpagos de Agosto (The Lightning of August, 1964), which uses cartoonish mayhem to debunk the Mexican Revolution's heroic myths; improbably it won for its author the Premio Casa de las Américas, despite or because of the consternation which its flippancy caused.

'''Chapultepec Park''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapultepec Chapultepec] Park is an enormous green area in the middle of Mexico City covering 2,000 acres, containing three of the city's most importnat museums, an amusement park, several lakes, the only genuine castle in North America,, Mexico's largest zoo and the residence of the President of Mexico, Los Pinos. Chapultepec Castle is also known as "The Halls of Montezuma."

'''''Wie geht's, mein alter Kumpel''''' 
German: How are you, my old workmate?

==Page 989==

'''the new Monument to National Independence''' 
Mexico City's No.1 landmark. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_%C3%81ngel ''Monumento de la Independencia''], situated on a roundabout at the ''Paseo de la Reforma'' (Reform Avenue) in Mexico City's downtown area, was inaugurated in 1910. The sculptures that surround the base represent Law, Justice, War and Peace. On top of the monument is a winged and gilded angel, known as ''Angel de la Independencia'', or just ''El Angel''. See photo of 
[http://www.zanzig.com/travel/mexico-photos/m005-070.htm ''El Angel''].

'''''a face he recognized''''' 
Another angel modeled on Dally? El Angel was sculpted by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Alciati Enrique Alciati].

'''''"máquina loca," "muerte"'' and ''"tú"''''' 
Spanish: "crazy locomotive," "dead" and "you."

'''When his eyes refocused, whoever had spoken had moved on''' 
Frank has, at recognizing Dally's face, gone into the same kind of trance, a merger with the moment, or with the machine, that had almost taken him into the collision with the Federal train on P.985. The warning words seem to be "crazy machine", "dead" and "you". A warning from the Angel of Death, via another Alternate Communication channel.

:Why the Angel of Death rather than the Angel of Light?

'''''abrazo''''' 
hug

'''''sinvergüencistas''''' 
???

'''out of Vera Cruz, down to Frontera . . . to Villahermosa, Tuxtla Gutiérrez . . . and across the Sierra to the Pacific coast''' 
From Mexico City by land roughly 200 miles east to Veracruz on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, continued east 230 miles by sea to Frontera, a small town on the Gulf coast, turned south by land 20 miles to Villahermosa, the capital of Chiapas, continue 40 miles to Tuxtla Gutiérrez and came 80 miles over the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and reached the Pacific coast around Tapachula near the border with Guatemala.

'''''Tu madre chingada puta''''' 
Rude, rude Spanish: Your mother's a fucking whore.

==Page 990==

'''Machine-Age nightmare . . . the future of coffee''' 
Another Crazy Machine, or perhaps "Out of Control" machine (the governor on the locomotive on P.985 "no longer regulated anything"). Coffee is being industrialized, contributing to the ubiquity of outlets on P. 817, not to mention today, with overwhelming consequences for the indigenous growers.

'''Chamulan Indians''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzotzil_people Tzotzil] Maya.

'''San Cristóbal''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_las_Casas Wikipedia]

'''Tuxtla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxtla_Guti%C3%A9rrez Wikipedia]

'''Tapachula''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapachula Wikipedia]

'''El Quetzal Dormido''' 
The Sleeping [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzal Quetzal].

'''Melpómene''' 
Name of the Greek muse of tragedy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melpomene Wikipedia]

'''Palenque''' 
A Chiapas small town roughly 20 miles southeast of Villahermosa, 70 miles notheast of Tuxtla Gutiérrez. From 500 to 800 A.D. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palenque Palenque] was a major power in the Maya world. Today it remains shrouded in the mist of a tropical jungle and a significant archealogical site dominating by the ''Temple of the Inscription'' with the tomb of Lord Pacal, the ruler from 615-653 A.D. inside.

==Page 991==

'''''guayuleros''''' 
???

'''''cucuji''''' 
??? According to the text they are "giant luminous beetles."

'''''tinterillo''''' 
???

'''''Ahora, apágate''''' 
Spanish: Now put yourself out, extinguish yourself.

'''''Bueno''' 
Good.

==Page 992==

'''''instantaneously''''' 
In violation of Einstein's special theory of relativity. 
a wireless, immediate, human way of communicating.

'''''Caray . . . novio . . .''''' 
Good heavens . . . boyfriend . . .

'''Mazatán''' 
There's a map with Mazatán on this web [http://www.travelpost.com/NA/Mexico/Chiapas/Mazatan/7645531 page].

'''''Qué''''' 
What, as in "what the fuck?"

'''''querida''''' 
dear, darling

==Page 993==

'''It is like the telephone exchange . . . the single greater organism remains intact, coherent, connected.''' 
Actually not like the telephone exchange. On P. 708, Derrick Theign worries that in case of war, telephone and telegraph will become unreliable; this is his reason for creating the R.U.S.H. This telepathic network, like an unfailing cell phone network, is far more reliable.

'''Tenochtitlán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlán] was the capital of the Aztec empire, built on an island in Lake Texcoco in what is now the Federal District in central Mexico. At its height, Tenochtitlán was one of the largest cities in the world, with over 200,000 inhabitants. The city was destroyed in 1521 by Spanish conquistadors. Mexico City was erected on top of the ruin.

==Page 994==

'''He knew what it was but could not find its name in his memory''' 
Presumably the unknown menace from which Aztlan's inhabitants fled. But suggestive both of air attack and the menace of North American industrialization in 1900 and NAFTA in 2000.

'''tezontle''' 
The colonists and Indian artisans employed local [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-589541/tezontle tezontle], a light and porous volcanic rock, to create elaborate facades on buildings.

'''tepetate''' 
A porous whitish-yellow rock used in building construction when cut into blocks. As a construction material tepetate has played a major role in the development of modern Mexico.

'''indicative world''' 
Very potent phrase. The world of everyday reality, indicating the deepeer reality of the visions? The indicative mood in grammar is the mood of simple declarative statements, plain facts: there was Melpomene, here is a chair. A mood incommensurate with Frank's trance.

'''the Huerta coup''' 
Against Madero, who was shot, February 1913.

'''Ciudadela''' 
The [http://archaeology.asu.edu/teo/intro/ciudad.htm Ciudadela] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teotihuacan Teotihuacán].

'''Félix Díaz''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_D%C3%ADaz Wikipedia]

'''Decena Trágica''' 
Spanish: the tragic ten days.

'''Zócalo''' 
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zocalo zócalo] is a central town square or plaza.

'''''el palacio blanco''''' 
Spanish: the white palace

'''Pino Suárez''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pino_Su%C3%A1rez Wikipedia]

==Page 995==

'''It was the first time he was aware of getting paid for being stupid. Could there be a future in this?''' 

Sounds like another Pynchonian 'in-joke'. In "Vineland", Zoyd Wheeler is getting his yearly cheques for precisely that, i.e. doing something stupid.

==Page 996==

'''''¡Epa!''''' 
Spanish: Whoa! Soccer (fútbol) announcers interject ¡Epa! when two players have a very physical coming together.

'''Since last September the mine workers' union had been out on strike''' 
The Colorado "coal war" of September 1913 to April 1914; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist.html here is an eye-opening account.]

==Page 997==

'''Pagosa Springs''' 
South Central Colorado town in the heart of the San Juan Forest.

==Page 998==

'''...over Wolf Creek Pass, into the San Luis Valley...San Luis Basin...through Fort Garland...up the Sangre de Cristos over North La Veta Pass...the first rooftops of Walsenburg.''' 
The route described would take them from the presumably UMW-sympathetic mining country in the San Juans, north and east along current US highway 160 (called the Navaho Trail), across the San Luis Valley and Basin to North La Veta Pass, with Walsenburg and the prairies and canyons of the coal country beyond to the east (the only safe approach to the striking mines).

The geography of this journey is as carefully described as the various characters' journeys through the Balkans (the description of the view of the Spanish Peaks and Culebra Range are absolutely accurate), and there must be a reason, something these regions have in common.

The San Luis Valley and immediately adjacent areas are the furthest northeastern reaches of the Spanish Empire in North America, part of the Province of Nueva Mexico del Norte of New Spain, later Mexico (part of which became the state of New Mexico in 1912). The area around Telluride would be the northern border of Pynchon's vision of Aztlan (it is in fact the northern border of the Pueblo settlements). These are, therefore, like the Balkans, borders between newly industrializing empires and older, tribally-organized, "pre-scientific" cultures (both with indigenous mystical/spiritual traditions, with which the characters interact). Here and in nearby Mexico, mechanization and industrialization of resource extraction are causing heartbreaking exploitation and violence, and the indigenous shamanism and mysticism and their unmediated power are being destroyed by advancing industrial civilization, exactly as described by Dwight Prance on P.777.

Niall Ferguson(''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'', Penguin Press, 2006) points to three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility (See note to P.939). Both the Balkans and the American Southwest/Mexico fulfilled those conditions.

==Page 999==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 976-999

2007-04-12T17:36:12Z

Bouleris: /* Page 994 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 976==

'''the coalfield troubles in southern Colorado''' 
The United Mine Workers called a stike in Colorado's coalfields north of Denver in 1910 winning a 10 percent wage increase for ten thousand Colorado miners. The union's real target was the larger southern coalfield. A state-wide coal strike was called in September 1913 and lasted 14 months resulted in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_massacre the Ludlow Massacre] of April 20, 1914, in which 20 people were killed.

'''the Madero revolution''' 
in 1910, out of Mexico, led by Madera. Ramifications felt in El Paso, where a Senate Committee investigated in 1912 and found Standard Oil partly responsible. 
Relevant?--a Mormon settlement was investigated as part of the investigation. 
[http://www.mexconnect.com/MEX/austin/revolution.html The Madero (Mexican) Revolution] was brought on by, among other factors, tremendous disagreement among the Mexican people over the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Madero was one of the strongest believers that Diaz should renounce his power and not seek re-election in 1910. He was jailed by Diaz but was able to escape on October 4, 1910, to the US. In San Antonio, Texas, he issued his Plan of San Luis Potosi proclaiming the 1910 election null and void and called for an armed revolution on November 20, 1910 against the "illegitimate" presidency of Diaz. Madero also promised agrarian land reforms to attract Mexico's peasants to his cause. The revolution spread, the Maderista troops, with Pancho Villa in the North and Emiliano Zapata in the South, defeated the army of Diaz within six months, and Diaz resigned on May 25, 1911. Francisco Madero was elected President on October 1, 1911 and assumed power on November 6.

==Page 977==

'''cross-gable''' 
Two perpendicular gable roofs; [http://www.roofingchildsplay.com/articles/the_gable_roof.php pic and more]

'''Baby Doe Tabor ... Haw Tabor''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=T alphabetical index T] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_273-295#Page_274 page 274]

'''I'm Going..Salome''' 
Stanley Murphy, lyricist, written before 1909. 
"I'm going to get myself a black Salome" 
Composer: Wynn, Ed 1886-1966
Lyrics: Big Bill Jefferson a railroad man (first line of text)
Contributors: Murphy, Stanley 1875-1919
Publication Date: 1908
For voice and piano.
Cover ill.: African American man watching a belly dancer. Photo of Ed. Wynn. [http://www.thehackley.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=d-000-00---0dplhacsm--00-0-0-0prompt-10---4---Document---0-1l--1-en-50---20-about---001-011-1-0utfZz-8-0&a=d&cl=CL6.15&d=HASH01fdd49fdb3579dd874ac2c1 link]

'''majolica''' 
A particular type of white colour glaze for earthenware ceramics that was known for its ability to mimic (poorly) historically expensive porcelain. Its name comes from the practice of importing it into Europe through the ports of the Balearic island Majorca from the Mid-east. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majolica Wikipedia]

==Page 978==

''''''Tá bien, no te preocupes, m'hija''''' 
Spanish: It's all right, don't trouble yourself, my dear.

'''Galluses''' 
a pair of suspenders for trousers. "Braces" in British English.

'''Czolgosz''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
Leon Frank Czolgosz (January 24, 1873 – October 29, 1901) was the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley. In the last few years of his short life he was heavily influenced by anarchists like Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Frank_Czolgosz From Wikipedia]

'''President McKinley''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
William McKinley, Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley from Wikipedia] McKinley as president placed the US on the gold standard (remember Dally and the poster for bimetallism).

'''One thousand Fast Lake Navigation, 158 Fast Express, and 206 Automobile Inverts''' 
[http://www.filbert.com/stamplistopedia/us_inverts/default.htm Here] is a page with images of the stamp. Also, an interesting little [http://www.topix.net/forum/hobbies/stamp-collecting/TAN9GV5A1E1LCSGDV online tidbit] which references this stamp with the inverted center to which this page refers.

These misprinted ("alternate") stamps, associated with Anarchism, and the philatelically-named Jenny Invert with her similar association to the Anarchist collective at Yz-le-Bans, inevitably call to mind the subtly altered stamps of the anarchist (or at any rate anti-government) Trystero in ''Lot 49'', postage in an alterntive, underground communication system.
We have, then, the theme of underground, alternative communication introduced again (the first time in AtD is with the London gas pipes).

==Page 979==

'''Hanna's miserable stooge''' 
Mark Hanna (September 24, 1837–February 15, 1904), born Marcus Alonzo Hanna, was an industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. He rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful Republican Presidential candidate William McKinley in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hanna From Wikipedia]. Obviously, the stooge refers to McKinley.

'''henriettia''' 
A fine diagonal twilled (ribbed) dress fabric made with silk warp (vertical threads) and fine worsted (firm-textured) weft (horizontal threads), which makes it resemble Cashmere cloth. 
Weave: Twill 
Characteristics: Originally consisted of worsted filling and silk warp. Today, it can be found in a variety of blends. It has excellent drapability. It's weight and quality vary with fibres, however, when created with silk and wool it is lustrous and soft.
Uses: Dress goods. Textile Dictionary

'''Œdipal''' 
From the myth of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus#Homer.27s_Oedipus Oedipus] Rex, about a returning son killing his father, rendered infamous through Freud's interpretation of its significance to men and rendered famous by the Sophocles plays in the 5th century B.C.

And perhaps a Pynchon in-joke of sorts. The protagonist of ''Lot 49'' is Oedipa Maas (it has been suggested: "More Oedipal"), also in trouble over stamps; in fact "Lot 49" refers to the auction lot of Trystero-altered stamps in the collection of Pierce Inverarity (it has been suggested: "Inverse Rarity"), for whose estate Oedipa is executor. A few pages from here the issue of alternate communication forms will be introduced; these references to the issues in ''Lot 49'' could serve to alert the experienced reader of Pynchon to their importance in AtD.

==Page 980==

==Page 981==

'''the one with the destiny''' 
Do we learn anything about this odd Oust child?

(Presumably Ewball?). No, this one is apparently a little child when Ewball is a grownup.

Maybe [[ATD_119-148#Page_140|a child born with a caul?]] It would not take much of a prophet to say that such a child has a destiny.

'''tintypes''' 
A cheap, common and durable form of black and white photographic image where a sensitised collodion is poured upon a thin sheet of soot blackened tin, exposed and developed. Often hand-coloured. The most notable practitioners and teachers of the process in the US are [http://www.collodion.org/ Mark Osterman and France Scully Osterman]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintype tintype wikipedia entry].

==Page 982==

'''the Madero Revolution had moved on''' 
Madero took office as president in November, 1911. However, he was no longer the universal and unquestioned leader he once had been. He turned his back on the forces that had brought him to power. His refusal to enact land reforms caused a break with Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) and other revolutionary leaders and losing much of his popular support gained during the revolution. The rural working class, who had supported Madero, now took up arms against him.

''' Many were rebelling in the name of disaffected ex-minister Emilio Vázquez''' 
Emilio Vázquez Gómez (1888-1913). An anti-Madero figure. 
With the collapse of Diaz regime in May 1911 an interim government was formed and a national election was called for in October the same year. Emilio Vazquez Gomez (1888-1913) was the Interior Minister of the interim government and a leader of an important wing of initial Maderista movement. He and his followers, wth the support of several revolutionary leaders, demand the immediate adopttion of the Plan de San Luis. Vazquistas began an open rebellion to dissolve the interim government and put Madero himself in the presidency before the upcoming election. The revolt, begun at the end of June, reached a new level on August 2, 1911 when Vazquez Gomez resigned as Interior Minister. Three weeks later Vazquista presented a plan in which the interim government was not to be recognized, the command of the revolution was to be handed over to Vazquez Gomez, large landholdings were to be broken up, etc. Madero's dissolving the original anti Diaz party replaced by a new one led to the split with Vazquez Gomez. During the October elections the Vazquista rebellion created unrest in the northern states and attracted several ex-Maderista ''caudillos'' such as Emilio Campas and José Inés Salazar. After the election, the Vazquista rebellion continued and flared up in Chihuahua City in January 1912 against the Madero government. Toward the end of February that revolt spread to several places in the state. In early May, Vazquez Gomez proclaimed himself provisional president, with his capital in Juarez. But his "government" did not obtain much strong support and he was forced to leave the country for the US shortly thereafter. By the fall of 1912, the Vazquista movement had dissolved.

'''Magonistas''' 
Mexican anarchists, followers of brothers Enrique and Ricardo Flores Magón (1874-1922). During the [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/99winter/magonista.htm "Magonista" Revolt] of 1911, a short-lived revolutionary commune was set-up in Baja California. In present Mexico, the Flores Magon brothers are considered left wing political icons nearly as notable as Emiliano Zapata, and numerous streets, towns and neighborhoods are named for them.

==Page 983==

'''Morelos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morelos A state] in southern Mexico.

'''Emiliano Zapata had . . . begun a serious insurrection against the government''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata Emiliano Zapata] (1879-1919) was a leading figure in the 1910-11 Madero Revolution against the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Zapata's discontent with Madero started before the latter became the president. The Ciudad Juárez peace treaty of May 21, 1911 between the Maderistas and Porfirian force ending the military phase of the Madero revolution failed to mention land reforms at all; it turned over the power to an interim government not to the revolutionary forces, as if the fall of the Diaz government had been achieved through secret cabinet pressure according to existing laws not as a result of a revolution; furthermore, the treaty acknowledged the power of federal army and specified to disarmed and demobilized the revolutionary armed groups including Zapatistas. Vazquistas revolted as early as June against the interim government and Zapata openly did so in Morelos on November 25, 1911 against the Madero regime. The Zapatista armed insurrection was the longest-lasting of the rebellions of 1911, and would extend itself throughout Madero's term (1911-13) untill merging with the new insurrectional wave of 1913.

'''Pascual Orozco''' 
1882-1915, importer of armaments from U.S., maderista, revolted against Madero government in 1912. 
[http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/OO/for8.html Pascual Orozco,Jr.] (1882-1915) was a Mexican revolutionary hero and leader. In his early life he was a muleteer working for several large mining companies in the Chihuahua mountains. He soon involved in anti-Diaz activities in 1909 of purchaing arms and ammunition in the U.S. and taking them to Mexico on half of the Magónistas. After Madero called for armed uprising in October 1910 Orozco became the revolutionary chief in the District of Guerrero. On May 10, 1911, Orozco and Pancho Villa won a major military victory in the war against the Porfirian government by taking Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, which led to the signing of the Peace Treaty and the resignation of Diaz. However, for the reasons stated above (Zapata), Orozco announced his revolt against the Madero government on March 3, 1912 lending the anti-Madero movement instant credibility. The Orozquistas won a series of victories for the rest of the month, and the Battle of Rellano (pp. 984-985 of AtD) of March 23 was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign. Orozco and his followers was decisively defeated at the Second Battle of Rellano of May 22-23 by Victoriano Huerta, the new field commnader of Madero ''federales''. By the beginning of October, the Orozquista rebellion had ended and Orozco himself had crossed over to the U.S. acknowledging his defeat.

'''José Inés Salazar''' 
A longtime colleague of Pascual Orozco and later one of the leading Orozquista generals. In May 1909 he and Orozco smuggled arms from the U.S. to Mexico on behalf of the Magonistas. Later fought with Orozco against Madero.

'''Braulio Hernández''' 
A prominent Maderista but later became a radical Orozquista. [http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/library/bakerPhotos.htm Here] is a great set of photos capturing many of the Mexican revolutionary leaders (including Braulio Hernández) and a visual glimpse into the revolution.

'''Pancho Villa''' 
Christened [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancho_Villa Doroteo Arango Arámbula]. Pancho Villa (1878-1923) was one of the foremost leaders of the Mexican Revolution (1911-1920). His charisma and battle victories and his raid on Columbus, New Mexico, made him an idol of the masses and a folk hero. 
He spend his early years in the mountains in the Northern Mexico running from the law. He answered Madero's call for an armed uprising against the Diaz regime and helped defeat the federal army of Diaz in the first Battle of Ciudad Juáez of April-May 1911. At the beginning of Orozco's revolt Pancho Villa was still loyal to the Madero government and fought along with Victoriano Huerta against the Orozquistas. But after Huerta's murdering of Madero and usurpation of the power on February 22, 1913, Villa allied himself with Carranza and fought against Huerta. Villa's revolutionary aims (other than military goals), unlike those of Emiliano Zapata's, were never clearly defined. He was the provisional governor of Chihuahua (1913-14). His 1916 raid on Columbus, New Mexico, provoked the Punitive Expedition by General John Pershing. At this time Pancho Villa was fighting against Carranza until 1920 when the latter was assassinated. Pancho Villa himself, retired from revolutionary life in 1920, was gunned down in his car on July 20, 1923.

'''José Gonzáles Salas''' 
Maderista general in command against Orozco; replaced by Huerta, to Madero's later discomfiture.

'''the country around Jiménez . . .''' 
The region around Jiménez, a mining center in Chihuahua 130 miles south of Chihuahua City, is known for large number of meteorites, some of them discovered by the Spaniards in 16th and 17th centuries, and now exhibited in Palacio de Mineria (Minery Palace) in Mexico city.

'''Chupaderos''' 
There are two Chupaderos meteorites. Both were found in 1852 in the area around Jiménez. With a weight of 14.114 tons, Chupaderos I is ranked as the 10th largest meteorite in the world; and Chupaderos II with a weight of 6.767 tons ranked 14th. Photos of [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(1)-3.jpg Chupaderos I] and [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(II)-1.jpg Chupaderos II].

'''the Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
A small desert area east of Jiménez, the habitat of the Mexican Bolsón Tortoise, one of the four North American tortoise species. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B Alphabetical Index B] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_395 page 395].

==Page 984==

'''''máquina loca''''' 
crazy machine.

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Spanish: (ready) for your orders. In English one would say, "at your service."

'''One prong of the government attack . . . between Corralitos and Rellano . . .''' 
''The Battle of Rellano''. On March 23, 1912, in Rellano, an intermediate point between Torreón and Chihuahua, there was the formal battle between the Orozuistas and the Madero government forces, with a disatrous result for the ''federales''. Its commander, General José Gonzáles Salas, humiliated by the defeat, committed suicide during the retreat. The Battle of Rellano was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign.

'''''Andale, muchachos''''' 
Spanish: let's go, boys.

==Page 985==

'''Parral''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C_Chihuahua Parral] is where Pancho Villa was assassinated on July 20, 1923. Apparently someone remembered the sacking, dynamiting, looting, and killing.

==Page 986==

'''Victoriano Huerta''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: General Huerta]]. 
After the defeat at the Battle of Rellano (pp.984-985 AtD) on March 23, 1912, Madero appointed Victoriano Huerta, an able and competent professional soldier, head of the federal forces on April 1. On May 22-23 Huerta crushed the Orozquistas at the Second Battle of Rellano. This battle was the turning point in the campaign against Orozco. In five consecutive engagements Huerta drove the badly beaten Orozco crossed into the U.S. in September. As a man almost too bad to be true, he began laying plans for Madero's overthrow and the usurpation of presidential power, which he accomplished in ''la decena trágica'', the Ten Tragic Days, of February 1913 and thus earned himself a permanent spot in Mexico's hall of infamy.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V alpha index V] (page down to von Quassel) and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_588-614#Page_596 page 596]

'''Tampico''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637], where (and when) Frank first meets Günther.

'''Orizaba product''' 
One of the leading industries of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orizaba Orizaba] is the Cervecería Moctezuma brewery which was established in 1896.

'''Chiapas''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637]

==Page 987==

'''Oaxaca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca Wikipedia]

'''cafetal''' 
Spanish: coffee plantation.

'''jefe politico''' 
Spanish: political boss.

'''Juchitán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juchitan Juchitán]

'''Benito Juárez Maza''' 
Governor of Oaxaca from 1911 until his death the next year. He was the
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%25C3%25A1rez_Maza&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=7&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBenito%2BJu%25C3%25A1rez%2BMaza%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff son] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez Benito Juárez], the beloved President of Mexico for five different terms from 1858-1872 (so before Porfirio Díaz).

==Page 988==

'''chegomista''' 
Follower of Che Gómez, identified on page 987.

'''"El Reparador"''' 
Spanish: "The Fixer." Epithet of a hundred operators in crime literature. Or, as the text eventually suggests, "The Repairman."

'''Ibargüengoitia''' 
Speculation on this surname: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Ibarg%C3%BCengoitia Jorge Ibargüengoitia] was a novelist and playwright who wrote, among other things, Los Relámpagos de Agosto (The Lightning of August, 1964), which uses cartoonish mayhem to debunk the Mexican Revolution's heroic myths; improbably it won for its author the Premio Casa de las Américas, despite or because of the consternation which its flippancy caused.

'''Chapultepec Park''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapultepec Chapultepec] Park is an enormous green area in the middle of Mexico City covering 2,000 acres, containing three of the city's most importnat museums, an amusement park, several lakes, the only genuine castle in North America,, Mexico's largest zoo and the residence of the President of Mexico, Los Pinos. Chapultepec Castle is also known as "The Halls of Montezuma."

'''''Wie geht's, mein alter Kumpel''''' 
German: How are you, my old workmate?

==Page 989==

'''the new Monument to National Independence''' 
Mexico City's No.1 landmark. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_%C3%81ngel ''Monumento de la Independencia''], situated on a roundabout at the ''Paseo de la Reforma'' (Reform Avenue) in Mexico City's downtown area, was inaugurated in 1910. The sculptures that surround the base represent Law, Justice, War and Peace. On top of the monument is a winged and gilded angel, known as ''Angel de la Independencia'', or just ''El Angel''. See photo of 
[http://www.zanzig.com/travel/mexico-photos/m005-070.htm ''El Angel''].

'''''a face he recognized''''' 
Another angel modeled on Dally? El Angel was sculpted by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Alciati Enrique Alciati].

'''''"máquina loca," "muerte"'' and ''"tú"''''' 
Spanish: "crazy locomotive," "dead" and "you."

'''When his eyes refocused, whoever had spoken had moved on''' 
Frank has, at recognizing Dally's face, gone into the same kind of trance, a merger with the moment, or with the machine, that had almost taken him into the collision with the Federal train on P.985. The warning words seem to be "crazy machine", "dead" and "you". A warning from the Angel of Death, via another Alternate Communication channel.

:Why the Angel of Death rather than the Angel of Light?

'''''abrazo''''' 
hug

'''''sinvergüencistas''''' 
???

'''out of Vera Cruz, down to Frontera . . . to Villahermosa, Tuxtla Gutiérrez . . . and across the Sierra to the Pacific coast''' 
From Mexico City by land roughly 200 miles east to Veracruz on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, continued east 230 miles by sea to Frontera, a small town on the Gulf coast, turned south by land 20 miles to Villahermosa, the capital of Chiapas, continue 40 miles to Tuxtla Gutiérrez and came 80 miles over the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and reached the Pacific coast around Tapachula near the border with Guatemala.

'''''Tu madre chingada puta''''' 
Rude, rude Spanish: Your mother's a fucking whore.

==Page 990==

'''Machine-Age nightmare . . . the future of coffee''' 
Another Crazy Machine, or perhaps "Out of Control" machine (the governor on the locomotive on P.985 "no longer regulated anything"). Coffee is being industrialized, contributing to the ubiquity of outlets on P. 817, not to mention today, with overwhelming consequences for the indigenous growers.

'''Chamulan Indians''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzotzil_people Tzotzil] Maya.

'''San Cristóbal''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_las_Casas Wikipedia]

'''Tuxtla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxtla_Guti%C3%A9rrez Wikipedia]

'''Tapachula''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapachula Wikipedia]

'''El Quetzal Dormido''' 
The Sleeping [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzal Quetzal].

'''Melpómene''' 
Name of the Greek muse of tragedy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melpomene Wikipedia]

'''Palenque''' 
A Chiapas small town roughly 20 miles southeast of Villahermosa, 70 miles notheast of Tuxtla Gutiérrez. From 500 to 800 A.D. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palenque Palenque] was a major power in the Maya world. Today it remains shrouded in the mist of a tropical jungle and a significant archealogical site dominating by the ''Temple of the Inscription'' with the tomb of Lord Pacal, the ruler from 615-653 A.D. inside.

==Page 991==

'''''guayuleros''''' 
???

'''''cucuji''''' 
??? According to the text they are "giant luminous beetles."

'''''tinterillo''''' 
???

'''''Ahora, apágate''''' 
Spanish: Now put yourself out, extinguish yourself.

'''''Bueno''' 
Good.

==Page 992==

'''''instantaneously''''' 
In violation of Einstein's special theory of relativity. 
a wireless, immediate, human way of communicating.

'''''Caray . . . novio . . .''''' 
Good heavens . . . boyfriend . . .

'''Mazatán''' 
There's a map with Mazatán on this web [http://www.travelpost.com/NA/Mexico/Chiapas/Mazatan/7645531 page].

'''''Qué''''' 
What, as in "what the fuck?"

'''''querida''''' 
dear, darling

==Page 993==

'''It is like the telephone exchange . . . the single greater organism remains intact, coherent, connected.''' 
Actually not like the telephone exchange. On P. 708, Derrick Theign worries that in case of war, telephone and telegraph will become unreliable; this is his reason for creating the R.U.S.H. This telepathic network, like an unfailing cell phone network, is far more reliable.

'''Tenochtitlán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlán] was the capital of the Aztec empire, built on an island in Lake Texcoco in what is now the Federal District in central Mexico. At its height, Tenochtitlán was one of the largest cities in the world, with over 200,000 inhabitants. The city was destroyed in 1521 by Spanish conquistadors. Mexico City was erected on top of the ruin.

==Page 994==

'''He knew what it was but could not find its name in his memory''' 
Presumably the unknown menace from which Aztlan's inhabitants fled. But suggestive both of air attack and the menace of North American industrialization in 1900 and NAFTA in 2000.

'''tezontle''' 
The colonists and Indian artisans employed local [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-589541/tezontle tezontle], a light and porous volcanic rock, to create elaborate facades on buildings.

'''tepetate''' 
A porous whitish-yellow rock used in building construction when cut into blocks. As a construction material tepetate has played a major role in the development of modern Mexico.

'''indicative world''' 
Very potent phrase. The world of everyday reality, indicating the deepeer reality of the visions? The indicative mood in grammar is the mood of simple declarative statements, plain facts: there was Melpomene, here is a chair. A mood incommensurate with Frank's trance.

'''the Huerta coup''' 
Against Madero, who was shot, February 1913.

'''Ciudadela''' 
The [http://archaeology.asu.edu/teo/intro/ciudad.htm Ciudadela] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teotihuacan Teotihuacán].

'''Félix Díaz''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_D%C3%ADaz Wikipedia]

'''Decena Trágica''' 
Spanish: the tragic ten days.

'''Zócalo''' 
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zocalo zócalo] is a central town square or plaza.

'''''el palacio blanco''''' 
Spanish: the white palace

'''Pino Suárez''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pino_Su%C3%A1rez Wikipedia]

==Page 995==

'''It was the first time he was aware of getting paid for being stupid. Could there be a future in this?''' 

Sounds like another Pynchonian 'in-joke'. In "Vineland", Zoyd Wheeler is getting his yearly cheques for precisely that, i.e. doing something stupid.

==Page 996==

'''''¡Epa!''''' 
Spanish: Whoa!

'''Since last September the mine workers' union had been out on strike''' 
The Colorado "coal war" of September 1913 to April 1914; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist.html here is an eye-opening account.]

==Page 997==

'''Pagosa Springs''' 
South Central Colorado town in the heart of the San Juan Forest.

==Page 998==

'''...over Wolf Creek Pass, into the San Luis Valley...San Luis Basin...through Fort Garland...up the Sangre de Cristos over North La Veta Pass...the first rooftops of Walsenburg.''' 
The route described would take them from the presumably UMW-sympathetic mining country in the San Juans, north and east along current US highway 160 (called the Navaho Trail), across the San Luis Valley and Basin to North La Veta Pass, with Walsenburg and the prairies and canyons of the coal country beyond to the east (the only safe approach to the striking mines).

The geography of this journey is as carefully described as the various characters' journeys through the Balkans (the description of the view of the Spanish Peaks and Culebra Range are absolutely accurate), and there must be a reason, something these regions have in common.

The San Luis Valley and immediately adjacent areas are the furthest northeastern reaches of the Spanish Empire in North America, part of the Province of Nueva Mexico del Norte of New Spain, later Mexico (part of which became the state of New Mexico in 1912). The area around Telluride would be the northern border of Pynchon's vision of Aztlan (it is in fact the northern border of the Pueblo settlements). These are, therefore, like the Balkans, borders between newly industrializing empires and older, tribally-organized, "pre-scientific" cultures (both with indigenous mystical/spiritual traditions, with which the characters interact). Here and in nearby Mexico, mechanization and industrialization of resource extraction are causing heartbreaking exploitation and violence, and the indigenous shamanism and mysticism and their unmediated power are being destroyed by advancing industrial civilization, exactly as described by Dwight Prance on P.777.

Niall Ferguson(''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'', Penguin Press, 2006) points to three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility (See note to P.939). Both the Balkans and the American Southwest/Mexico fulfilled those conditions.

==Page 999==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 976-999

2007-04-12T17:29:15Z

Bouleris: /* Page 994 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 976==

'''the coalfield troubles in southern Colorado''' 
The United Mine Workers called a stike in Colorado's coalfields north of Denver in 1910 winning a 10 percent wage increase for ten thousand Colorado miners. The union's real target was the larger southern coalfield. A state-wide coal strike was called in September 1913 and lasted 14 months resulted in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_massacre the Ludlow Massacre] of April 20, 1914, in which 20 people were killed.

'''the Madero revolution''' 
in 1910, out of Mexico, led by Madera. Ramifications felt in El Paso, where a Senate Committee investigated in 1912 and found Standard Oil partly responsible. 
Relevant?--a Mormon settlement was investigated as part of the investigation. 
[http://www.mexconnect.com/MEX/austin/revolution.html The Madero (Mexican) Revolution] was brought on by, among other factors, tremendous disagreement among the Mexican people over the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Madero was one of the strongest believers that Diaz should renounce his power and not seek re-election in 1910. He was jailed by Diaz but was able to escape on October 4, 1910, to the US. In San Antonio, Texas, he issued his Plan of San Luis Potosi proclaiming the 1910 election null and void and called for an armed revolution on November 20, 1910 against the "illegitimate" presidency of Diaz. Madero also promised agrarian land reforms to attract Mexico's peasants to his cause. The revolution spread, the Maderista troops, with Pancho Villa in the North and Emiliano Zapata in the South, defeated the army of Diaz within six months, and Diaz resigned on May 25, 1911. Francisco Madero was elected President on October 1, 1911 and assumed power on November 6.

==Page 977==

'''cross-gable''' 
Two perpendicular gable roofs; [http://www.roofingchildsplay.com/articles/the_gable_roof.php pic and more]

'''Baby Doe Tabor ... Haw Tabor''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=T alphabetical index T] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_273-295#Page_274 page 274]

'''I'm Going..Salome''' 
Stanley Murphy, lyricist, written before 1909. 
"I'm going to get myself a black Salome" 
Composer: Wynn, Ed 1886-1966
Lyrics: Big Bill Jefferson a railroad man (first line of text)
Contributors: Murphy, Stanley 1875-1919
Publication Date: 1908
For voice and piano.
Cover ill.: African American man watching a belly dancer. Photo of Ed. Wynn. [http://www.thehackley.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=d-000-00---0dplhacsm--00-0-0-0prompt-10---4---Document---0-1l--1-en-50---20-about---001-011-1-0utfZz-8-0&a=d&cl=CL6.15&d=HASH01fdd49fdb3579dd874ac2c1 link]

'''majolica''' 
A particular type of white colour glaze for earthenware ceramics that was known for its ability to mimic (poorly) historically expensive porcelain. Its name comes from the practice of importing it into Europe through the ports of the Balearic island Majorca from the Mid-east. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majolica Wikipedia]

==Page 978==

''''''Tá bien, no te preocupes, m'hija''''' 
Spanish: It's all right, don't trouble yourself, my dear.

'''Galluses''' 
a pair of suspenders for trousers. "Braces" in British English.

'''Czolgosz''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
Leon Frank Czolgosz (January 24, 1873 – October 29, 1901) was the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley. In the last few years of his short life he was heavily influenced by anarchists like Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Frank_Czolgosz From Wikipedia]

'''President McKinley''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
William McKinley, Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley from Wikipedia] McKinley as president placed the US on the gold standard (remember Dally and the poster for bimetallism).

'''One thousand Fast Lake Navigation, 158 Fast Express, and 206 Automobile Inverts''' 
[http://www.filbert.com/stamplistopedia/us_inverts/default.htm Here] is a page with images of the stamp. Also, an interesting little [http://www.topix.net/forum/hobbies/stamp-collecting/TAN9GV5A1E1LCSGDV online tidbit] which references this stamp with the inverted center to which this page refers.

These misprinted ("alternate") stamps, associated with Anarchism, and the philatelically-named Jenny Invert with her similar association to the Anarchist collective at Yz-le-Bans, inevitably call to mind the subtly altered stamps of the anarchist (or at any rate anti-government) Trystero in ''Lot 49'', postage in an alterntive, underground communication system.
We have, then, the theme of underground, alternative communication introduced again (the first time in AtD is with the London gas pipes).

==Page 979==

'''Hanna's miserable stooge''' 
Mark Hanna (September 24, 1837–February 15, 1904), born Marcus Alonzo Hanna, was an industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. He rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful Republican Presidential candidate William McKinley in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hanna From Wikipedia]. Obviously, the stooge refers to McKinley.

'''henriettia''' 
A fine diagonal twilled (ribbed) dress fabric made with silk warp (vertical threads) and fine worsted (firm-textured) weft (horizontal threads), which makes it resemble Cashmere cloth. 
Weave: Twill 
Characteristics: Originally consisted of worsted filling and silk warp. Today, it can be found in a variety of blends. It has excellent drapability. It's weight and quality vary with fibres, however, when created with silk and wool it is lustrous and soft.
Uses: Dress goods. Textile Dictionary

'''Œdipal''' 
From the myth of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus#Homer.27s_Oedipus Oedipus] Rex, about a returning son killing his father, rendered infamous through Freud's interpretation of its significance to men and rendered famous by the Sophocles plays in the 5th century B.C.

And perhaps a Pynchon in-joke of sorts. The protagonist of ''Lot 49'' is Oedipa Maas (it has been suggested: "More Oedipal"), also in trouble over stamps; in fact "Lot 49" refers to the auction lot of Trystero-altered stamps in the collection of Pierce Inverarity (it has been suggested: "Inverse Rarity"), for whose estate Oedipa is executor. A few pages from here the issue of alternate communication forms will be introduced; these references to the issues in ''Lot 49'' could serve to alert the experienced reader of Pynchon to their importance in AtD.

==Page 980==

==Page 981==

'''the one with the destiny''' 
Do we learn anything about this odd Oust child?

(Presumably Ewball?). No, this one is apparently a little child when Ewball is a grownup.

Maybe [[ATD_119-148#Page_140|a child born with a caul?]] It would not take much of a prophet to say that such a child has a destiny.

'''tintypes''' 
A cheap, common and durable form of black and white photographic image where a sensitised collodion is poured upon a thin sheet of soot blackened tin, exposed and developed. Often hand-coloured. The most notable practitioners and teachers of the process in the US are [http://www.collodion.org/ Mark Osterman and France Scully Osterman]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintype tintype wikipedia entry].

==Page 982==

'''the Madero Revolution had moved on''' 
Madero took office as president in November, 1911. However, he was no longer the universal and unquestioned leader he once had been. He turned his back on the forces that had brought him to power. His refusal to enact land reforms caused a break with Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) and other revolutionary leaders and losing much of his popular support gained during the revolution. The rural working class, who had supported Madero, now took up arms against him.

''' Many were rebelling in the name of disaffected ex-minister Emilio Vázquez''' 
Emilio Vázquez Gómez (1888-1913). An anti-Madero figure. 
With the collapse of Diaz regime in May 1911 an interim government was formed and a national election was called for in October the same year. Emilio Vazquez Gomez (1888-1913) was the Interior Minister of the interim government and a leader of an important wing of initial Maderista movement. He and his followers, wth the support of several revolutionary leaders, demand the immediate adopttion of the Plan de San Luis. Vazquistas began an open rebellion to dissolve the interim government and put Madero himself in the presidency before the upcoming election. The revolt, begun at the end of June, reached a new level on August 2, 1911 when Vazquez Gomez resigned as Interior Minister. Three weeks later Vazquista presented a plan in which the interim government was not to be recognized, the command of the revolution was to be handed over to Vazquez Gomez, large landholdings were to be broken up, etc. Madero's dissolving the original anti Diaz party replaced by a new one led to the split with Vazquez Gomez. During the October elections the Vazquista rebellion created unrest in the northern states and attracted several ex-Maderista ''caudillos'' such as Emilio Campas and José Inés Salazar. After the election, the Vazquista rebellion continued and flared up in Chihuahua City in January 1912 against the Madero government. Toward the end of February that revolt spread to several places in the state. In early May, Vazquez Gomez proclaimed himself provisional president, with his capital in Juarez. But his "government" did not obtain much strong support and he was forced to leave the country for the US shortly thereafter. By the fall of 1912, the Vazquista movement had dissolved.

'''Magonistas''' 
Mexican anarchists, followers of brothers Enrique and Ricardo Flores Magón (1874-1922). During the [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/99winter/magonista.htm "Magonista" Revolt] of 1911, a short-lived revolutionary commune was set-up in Baja California. In present Mexico, the Flores Magon brothers are considered left wing political icons nearly as notable as Emiliano Zapata, and numerous streets, towns and neighborhoods are named for them.

==Page 983==

'''Morelos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morelos A state] in southern Mexico.

'''Emiliano Zapata had . . . begun a serious insurrection against the government''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata Emiliano Zapata] (1879-1919) was a leading figure in the 1910-11 Madero Revolution against the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Zapata's discontent with Madero started before the latter became the president. The Ciudad Juárez peace treaty of May 21, 1911 between the Maderistas and Porfirian force ending the military phase of the Madero revolution failed to mention land reforms at all; it turned over the power to an interim government not to the revolutionary forces, as if the fall of the Diaz government had been achieved through secret cabinet pressure according to existing laws not as a result of a revolution; furthermore, the treaty acknowledged the power of federal army and specified to disarmed and demobilized the revolutionary armed groups including Zapatistas. Vazquistas revolted as early as June against the interim government and Zapata openly did so in Morelos on November 25, 1911 against the Madero regime. The Zapatista armed insurrection was the longest-lasting of the rebellions of 1911, and would extend itself throughout Madero's term (1911-13) untill merging with the new insurrectional wave of 1913.

'''Pascual Orozco''' 
1882-1915, importer of armaments from U.S., maderista, revolted against Madero government in 1912. 
[http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/OO/for8.html Pascual Orozco,Jr.] (1882-1915) was a Mexican revolutionary hero and leader. In his early life he was a muleteer working for several large mining companies in the Chihuahua mountains. He soon involved in anti-Diaz activities in 1909 of purchaing arms and ammunition in the U.S. and taking them to Mexico on half of the Magónistas. After Madero called for armed uprising in October 1910 Orozco became the revolutionary chief in the District of Guerrero. On May 10, 1911, Orozco and Pancho Villa won a major military victory in the war against the Porfirian government by taking Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, which led to the signing of the Peace Treaty and the resignation of Diaz. However, for the reasons stated above (Zapata), Orozco announced his revolt against the Madero government on March 3, 1912 lending the anti-Madero movement instant credibility. The Orozquistas won a series of victories for the rest of the month, and the Battle of Rellano (pp. 984-985 of AtD) of March 23 was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign. Orozco and his followers was decisively defeated at the Second Battle of Rellano of May 22-23 by Victoriano Huerta, the new field commnader of Madero ''federales''. By the beginning of October, the Orozquista rebellion had ended and Orozco himself had crossed over to the U.S. acknowledging his defeat.

'''José Inés Salazar''' 
A longtime colleague of Pascual Orozco and later one of the leading Orozquista generals. In May 1909 he and Orozco smuggled arms from the U.S. to Mexico on behalf of the Magonistas. Later fought with Orozco against Madero.

'''Braulio Hernández''' 
A prominent Maderista but later became a radical Orozquista. [http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/library/bakerPhotos.htm Here] is a great set of photos capturing many of the Mexican revolutionary leaders (including Braulio Hernández) and a visual glimpse into the revolution.

'''Pancho Villa''' 
Christened [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancho_Villa Doroteo Arango Arámbula]. Pancho Villa (1878-1923) was one of the foremost leaders of the Mexican Revolution (1911-1920). His charisma and battle victories and his raid on Columbus, New Mexico, made him an idol of the masses and a folk hero. 
He spend his early years in the mountains in the Northern Mexico running from the law. He answered Madero's call for an armed uprising against the Diaz regime and helped defeat the federal army of Diaz in the first Battle of Ciudad Juáez of April-May 1911. At the beginning of Orozco's revolt Pancho Villa was still loyal to the Madero government and fought along with Victoriano Huerta against the Orozquistas. But after Huerta's murdering of Madero and usurpation of the power on February 22, 1913, Villa allied himself with Carranza and fought against Huerta. Villa's revolutionary aims (other than military goals), unlike those of Emiliano Zapata's, were never clearly defined. He was the provisional governor of Chihuahua (1913-14). His 1916 raid on Columbus, New Mexico, provoked the Punitive Expedition by General John Pershing. At this time Pancho Villa was fighting against Carranza until 1920 when the latter was assassinated. Pancho Villa himself, retired from revolutionary life in 1920, was gunned down in his car on July 20, 1923.

'''José Gonzáles Salas''' 
Maderista general in command against Orozco; replaced by Huerta, to Madero's later discomfiture.

'''the country around Jiménez . . .''' 
The region around Jiménez, a mining center in Chihuahua 130 miles south of Chihuahua City, is known for large number of meteorites, some of them discovered by the Spaniards in 16th and 17th centuries, and now exhibited in Palacio de Mineria (Minery Palace) in Mexico city.

'''Chupaderos''' 
There are two Chupaderos meteorites. Both were found in 1852 in the area around Jiménez. With a weight of 14.114 tons, Chupaderos I is ranked as the 10th largest meteorite in the world; and Chupaderos II with a weight of 6.767 tons ranked 14th. Photos of [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(1)-3.jpg Chupaderos I] and [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(II)-1.jpg Chupaderos II].

'''the Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
A small desert area east of Jiménez, the habitat of the Mexican Bolsón Tortoise, one of the four North American tortoise species. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B Alphabetical Index B] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_395 page 395].

==Page 984==

'''''máquina loca''''' 
crazy machine.

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Spanish: (ready) for your orders. In English one would say, "at your service."

'''One prong of the government attack . . . between Corralitos and Rellano . . .''' 
''The Battle of Rellano''. On March 23, 1912, in Rellano, an intermediate point between Torreón and Chihuahua, there was the formal battle between the Orozuistas and the Madero government forces, with a disatrous result for the ''federales''. Its commander, General José Gonzáles Salas, humiliated by the defeat, committed suicide during the retreat. The Battle of Rellano was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign.

'''''Andale, muchachos''''' 
Spanish: let's go, boys.

==Page 985==

'''Parral''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C_Chihuahua Parral] is where Pancho Villa was assassinated on July 20, 1923. Apparently someone remembered the sacking, dynamiting, looting, and killing.

==Page 986==

'''Victoriano Huerta''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: General Huerta]]. 
After the defeat at the Battle of Rellano (pp.984-985 AtD) on March 23, 1912, Madero appointed Victoriano Huerta, an able and competent professional soldier, head of the federal forces on April 1. On May 22-23 Huerta crushed the Orozquistas at the Second Battle of Rellano. This battle was the turning point in the campaign against Orozco. In five consecutive engagements Huerta drove the badly beaten Orozco crossed into the U.S. in September. As a man almost too bad to be true, he began laying plans for Madero's overthrow and the usurpation of presidential power, which he accomplished in ''la decena trágica'', the Ten Tragic Days, of February 1913 and thus earned himself a permanent spot in Mexico's hall of infamy.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V alpha index V] (page down to von Quassel) and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_588-614#Page_596 page 596]

'''Tampico''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637], where (and when) Frank first meets Günther.

'''Orizaba product''' 
One of the leading industries of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orizaba Orizaba] is the Cervecería Moctezuma brewery which was established in 1896.

'''Chiapas''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637]

==Page 987==

'''Oaxaca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca Wikipedia]

'''cafetal''' 
Spanish: coffee plantation.

'''jefe politico''' 
Spanish: political boss.

'''Juchitán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juchitan Juchitán]

'''Benito Juárez Maza''' 
Governor of Oaxaca from 1911 until his death the next year. He was the
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%25C3%25A1rez_Maza&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=7&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBenito%2BJu%25C3%25A1rez%2BMaza%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff son] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez Benito Juárez], the beloved President of Mexico for five different terms from 1858-1872 (so before Porfirio Díaz).

==Page 988==

'''chegomista''' 
Follower of Che Gómez, identified on page 987.

'''"El Reparador"''' 
Spanish: "The Fixer." Epithet of a hundred operators in crime literature. Or, as the text eventually suggests, "The Repairman."

'''Ibargüengoitia''' 
Speculation on this surname: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Ibarg%C3%BCengoitia Jorge Ibargüengoitia] was a novelist and playwright who wrote, among other things, Los Relámpagos de Agosto (The Lightning of August, 1964), which uses cartoonish mayhem to debunk the Mexican Revolution's heroic myths; improbably it won for its author the Premio Casa de las Américas, despite or because of the consternation which its flippancy caused.

'''Chapultepec Park''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapultepec Chapultepec] Park is an enormous green area in the middle of Mexico City covering 2,000 acres, containing three of the city's most importnat museums, an amusement park, several lakes, the only genuine castle in North America,, Mexico's largest zoo and the residence of the President of Mexico, Los Pinos. Chapultepec Castle is also known as "The Halls of Montezuma."

'''''Wie geht's, mein alter Kumpel''''' 
German: How are you, my old workmate?

==Page 989==

'''the new Monument to National Independence''' 
Mexico City's No.1 landmark. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_%C3%81ngel ''Monumento de la Independencia''], situated on a roundabout at the ''Paseo de la Reforma'' (Reform Avenue) in Mexico City's downtown area, was inaugurated in 1910. The sculptures that surround the base represent Law, Justice, War and Peace. On top of the monument is a winged and gilded angel, known as ''Angel de la Independencia'', or just ''El Angel''. See photo of 
[http://www.zanzig.com/travel/mexico-photos/m005-070.htm ''El Angel''].

'''''a face he recognized''''' 
Another angel modeled on Dally? El Angel was sculpted by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Alciati Enrique Alciati].

'''''"máquina loca," "muerte"'' and ''"tú"''''' 
Spanish: "crazy locomotive," "dead" and "you."

'''When his eyes refocused, whoever had spoken had moved on''' 
Frank has, at recognizing Dally's face, gone into the same kind of trance, a merger with the moment, or with the machine, that had almost taken him into the collision with the Federal train on P.985. The warning words seem to be "crazy machine", "dead" and "you". A warning from the Angel of Death, via another Alternate Communication channel.

:Why the Angel of Death rather than the Angel of Light?

'''''abrazo''''' 
hug

'''''sinvergüencistas''''' 
???

'''out of Vera Cruz, down to Frontera . . . to Villahermosa, Tuxtla Gutiérrez . . . and across the Sierra to the Pacific coast''' 
From Mexico City by land roughly 200 miles east to Veracruz on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, continued east 230 miles by sea to Frontera, a small town on the Gulf coast, turned south by land 20 miles to Villahermosa, the capital of Chiapas, continue 40 miles to Tuxtla Gutiérrez and came 80 miles over the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and reached the Pacific coast around Tapachula near the border with Guatemala.

'''''Tu madre chingada puta''''' 
Rude, rude Spanish: Your mother's a fucking whore.

==Page 990==

'''Machine-Age nightmare . . . the future of coffee''' 
Another Crazy Machine, or perhaps "Out of Control" machine (the governor on the locomotive on P.985 "no longer regulated anything"). Coffee is being industrialized, contributing to the ubiquity of outlets on P. 817, not to mention today, with overwhelming consequences for the indigenous growers.

'''Chamulan Indians''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzotzil_people Tzotzil] Maya.

'''San Cristóbal''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_las_Casas Wikipedia]

'''Tuxtla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxtla_Guti%C3%A9rrez Wikipedia]

'''Tapachula''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapachula Wikipedia]

'''El Quetzal Dormido''' 
The Sleeping [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzal Quetzal].

'''Melpómene''' 
Name of the Greek muse of tragedy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melpomene Wikipedia]

'''Palenque''' 
A Chiapas small town roughly 20 miles southeast of Villahermosa, 70 miles notheast of Tuxtla Gutiérrez. From 500 to 800 A.D. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palenque Palenque] was a major power in the Maya world. Today it remains shrouded in the mist of a tropical jungle and a significant archealogical site dominating by the ''Temple of the Inscription'' with the tomb of Lord Pacal, the ruler from 615-653 A.D. inside.

==Page 991==

'''''guayuleros''''' 
???

'''''cucuji''''' 
??? According to the text they are "giant luminous beetles."

'''''tinterillo''''' 
???

'''''Ahora, apágate''''' 
Spanish: Now put yourself out, extinguish yourself.

'''''Bueno''' 
Good.

==Page 992==

'''''instantaneously''''' 
In violation of Einstein's special theory of relativity. 
a wireless, immediate, human way of communicating.

'''''Caray . . . novio . . .''''' 
Good heavens . . . boyfriend . . .

'''Mazatán''' 
There's a map with Mazatán on this web [http://www.travelpost.com/NA/Mexico/Chiapas/Mazatan/7645531 page].

'''''Qué''''' 
What, as in "what the fuck?"

'''''querida''''' 
dear, darling

==Page 993==

'''It is like the telephone exchange . . . the single greater organism remains intact, coherent, connected.''' 
Actually not like the telephone exchange. On P. 708, Derrick Theign worries that in case of war, telephone and telegraph will become unreliable; this is his reason for creating the R.U.S.H. This telepathic network, like an unfailing cell phone network, is far more reliable.

'''Tenochtitlán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlán] was the capital of the Aztec empire, built on an island in Lake Texcoco in what is now the Federal District in central Mexico. At its height, Tenochtitlán was one of the largest cities in the world, with over 200,000 inhabitants. The city was destroyed in 1521 by Spanish conquistadors. Mexico City was erected on top of the ruin.

==Page 994==

'''He knew what it was but could not find its name in his memory''' 
Presumably the unknown menace from which Aztlan's inhabitants fled. But suggestive both of air attack and the menace of North American industrialization in 1900 and NAFTA in 2000.

'''tezontle''' 
The colonists and Indian artisans employed local [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-589541/tezontle tezontle], a light and porous volcanic rock, to create elaborate facades on buildings.

'''tepetate''' 
A porous whitish-yellow rock used in building construction when cut into blocks. As a construction material tepetate has played a major role in the development of modern Mexico.

'''indicative world''' 
Very potent phrase. The world of everyday reality, indicating the deepeer reality of the visions? The indicative mood in grammar is the mood of simple declarative statements, plain facts: there was Melpomene, here is a chair. A mood incommensurate with Frank's trance.

'''the Huerta coup''' 
Against Madero, who was shot, February 1913.

'''Félix Díaz''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_D%C3%ADaz Wikipedia]

'''Decena Trágica''' 
Spanish: the tragic ten days.

'''Zócalo''' 
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zocalo zócalo] is a central town square or plaza.

'''''el palacio blanco''''' 
Spanish: the white palace

'''Pino Suárez''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pino_Su%C3%A1rez Wikipedia]

==Page 995==

'''It was the first time he was aware of getting paid for being stupid. Could there be a future in this?''' 

Sounds like another Pynchonian 'in-joke'. In "Vineland", Zoyd Wheeler is getting his yearly cheques for precisely that, i.e. doing something stupid.

==Page 996==

'''''¡Epa!''''' 
Spanish: Whoa!

'''Since last September the mine workers' union had been out on strike''' 
The Colorado "coal war" of September 1913 to April 1914; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist.html here is an eye-opening account.]

==Page 997==

'''Pagosa Springs''' 
South Central Colorado town in the heart of the San Juan Forest.

==Page 998==

'''...over Wolf Creek Pass, into the San Luis Valley...San Luis Basin...through Fort Garland...up the Sangre de Cristos over North La Veta Pass...the first rooftops of Walsenburg.''' 
The route described would take them from the presumably UMW-sympathetic mining country in the San Juans, north and east along current US highway 160 (called the Navaho Trail), across the San Luis Valley and Basin to North La Veta Pass, with Walsenburg and the prairies and canyons of the coal country beyond to the east (the only safe approach to the striking mines).

The geography of this journey is as carefully described as the various characters' journeys through the Balkans (the description of the view of the Spanish Peaks and Culebra Range are absolutely accurate), and there must be a reason, something these regions have in common.

The San Luis Valley and immediately adjacent areas are the furthest northeastern reaches of the Spanish Empire in North America, part of the Province of Nueva Mexico del Norte of New Spain, later Mexico (part of which became the state of New Mexico in 1912). The area around Telluride would be the northern border of Pynchon's vision of Aztlan (it is in fact the northern border of the Pueblo settlements). These are, therefore, like the Balkans, borders between newly industrializing empires and older, tribally-organized, "pre-scientific" cultures (both with indigenous mystical/spiritual traditions, with which the characters interact). Here and in nearby Mexico, mechanization and industrialization of resource extraction are causing heartbreaking exploitation and violence, and the indigenous shamanism and mysticism and their unmediated power are being destroyed by advancing industrial civilization, exactly as described by Dwight Prance on P.777.

Niall Ferguson(''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'', Penguin Press, 2006) points to three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility (See note to P.939). Both the Balkans and the American Southwest/Mexico fulfilled those conditions.

==Page 999==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 976-999

2007-04-12T17:26:08Z

Bouleris: /* Page 994 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 976==

'''the coalfield troubles in southern Colorado''' 
The United Mine Workers called a stike in Colorado's coalfields north of Denver in 1910 winning a 10 percent wage increase for ten thousand Colorado miners. The union's real target was the larger southern coalfield. A state-wide coal strike was called in September 1913 and lasted 14 months resulted in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_massacre the Ludlow Massacre] of April 20, 1914, in which 20 people were killed.

'''the Madero revolution''' 
in 1910, out of Mexico, led by Madera. Ramifications felt in El Paso, where a Senate Committee investigated in 1912 and found Standard Oil partly responsible. 
Relevant?--a Mormon settlement was investigated as part of the investigation. 
[http://www.mexconnect.com/MEX/austin/revolution.html The Madero (Mexican) Revolution] was brought on by, among other factors, tremendous disagreement among the Mexican people over the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Madero was one of the strongest believers that Diaz should renounce his power and not seek re-election in 1910. He was jailed by Diaz but was able to escape on October 4, 1910, to the US. In San Antonio, Texas, he issued his Plan of San Luis Potosi proclaiming the 1910 election null and void and called for an armed revolution on November 20, 1910 against the "illegitimate" presidency of Diaz. Madero also promised agrarian land reforms to attract Mexico's peasants to his cause. The revolution spread, the Maderista troops, with Pancho Villa in the North and Emiliano Zapata in the South, defeated the army of Diaz within six months, and Diaz resigned on May 25, 1911. Francisco Madero was elected President on October 1, 1911 and assumed power on November 6.

==Page 977==

'''cross-gable''' 
Two perpendicular gable roofs; [http://www.roofingchildsplay.com/articles/the_gable_roof.php pic and more]

'''Baby Doe Tabor ... Haw Tabor''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=T alphabetical index T] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_273-295#Page_274 page 274]

'''I'm Going..Salome''' 
Stanley Murphy, lyricist, written before 1909. 
"I'm going to get myself a black Salome" 
Composer: Wynn, Ed 1886-1966
Lyrics: Big Bill Jefferson a railroad man (first line of text)
Contributors: Murphy, Stanley 1875-1919
Publication Date: 1908
For voice and piano.
Cover ill.: African American man watching a belly dancer. Photo of Ed. Wynn. [http://www.thehackley.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=d-000-00---0dplhacsm--00-0-0-0prompt-10---4---Document---0-1l--1-en-50---20-about---001-011-1-0utfZz-8-0&a=d&cl=CL6.15&d=HASH01fdd49fdb3579dd874ac2c1 link]

'''majolica''' 
A particular type of white colour glaze for earthenware ceramics that was known for its ability to mimic (poorly) historically expensive porcelain. Its name comes from the practice of importing it into Europe through the ports of the Balearic island Majorca from the Mid-east. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majolica Wikipedia]

==Page 978==

''''''Tá bien, no te preocupes, m'hija''''' 
Spanish: It's all right, don't trouble yourself, my dear.

'''Galluses''' 
a pair of suspenders for trousers. "Braces" in British English.

'''Czolgosz''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
Leon Frank Czolgosz (January 24, 1873 – October 29, 1901) was the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley. In the last few years of his short life he was heavily influenced by anarchists like Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Frank_Czolgosz From Wikipedia]

'''President McKinley''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
William McKinley, Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley from Wikipedia] McKinley as president placed the US on the gold standard (remember Dally and the poster for bimetallism).

'''One thousand Fast Lake Navigation, 158 Fast Express, and 206 Automobile Inverts''' 
[http://www.filbert.com/stamplistopedia/us_inverts/default.htm Here] is a page with images of the stamp. Also, an interesting little [http://www.topix.net/forum/hobbies/stamp-collecting/TAN9GV5A1E1LCSGDV online tidbit] which references this stamp with the inverted center to which this page refers.

These misprinted ("alternate") stamps, associated with Anarchism, and the philatelically-named Jenny Invert with her similar association to the Anarchist collective at Yz-le-Bans, inevitably call to mind the subtly altered stamps of the anarchist (or at any rate anti-government) Trystero in ''Lot 49'', postage in an alterntive, underground communication system.
We have, then, the theme of underground, alternative communication introduced again (the first time in AtD is with the London gas pipes).

==Page 979==

'''Hanna's miserable stooge''' 
Mark Hanna (September 24, 1837–February 15, 1904), born Marcus Alonzo Hanna, was an industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. He rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful Republican Presidential candidate William McKinley in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hanna From Wikipedia]. Obviously, the stooge refers to McKinley.

'''henriettia''' 
A fine diagonal twilled (ribbed) dress fabric made with silk warp (vertical threads) and fine worsted (firm-textured) weft (horizontal threads), which makes it resemble Cashmere cloth. 
Weave: Twill 
Characteristics: Originally consisted of worsted filling and silk warp. Today, it can be found in a variety of blends. It has excellent drapability. It's weight and quality vary with fibres, however, when created with silk and wool it is lustrous and soft.
Uses: Dress goods. Textile Dictionary

'''Œdipal''' 
From the myth of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus#Homer.27s_Oedipus Oedipus] Rex, about a returning son killing his father, rendered infamous through Freud's interpretation of its significance to men and rendered famous by the Sophocles plays in the 5th century B.C.

And perhaps a Pynchon in-joke of sorts. The protagonist of ''Lot 49'' is Oedipa Maas (it has been suggested: "More Oedipal"), also in trouble over stamps; in fact "Lot 49" refers to the auction lot of Trystero-altered stamps in the collection of Pierce Inverarity (it has been suggested: "Inverse Rarity"), for whose estate Oedipa is executor. A few pages from here the issue of alternate communication forms will be introduced; these references to the issues in ''Lot 49'' could serve to alert the experienced reader of Pynchon to their importance in AtD.

==Page 980==

==Page 981==

'''the one with the destiny''' 
Do we learn anything about this odd Oust child?

(Presumably Ewball?). No, this one is apparently a little child when Ewball is a grownup.

Maybe [[ATD_119-148#Page_140|a child born with a caul?]] It would not take much of a prophet to say that such a child has a destiny.

'''tintypes''' 
A cheap, common and durable form of black and white photographic image where a sensitised collodion is poured upon a thin sheet of soot blackened tin, exposed and developed. Often hand-coloured. The most notable practitioners and teachers of the process in the US are [http://www.collodion.org/ Mark Osterman and France Scully Osterman]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintype tintype wikipedia entry].

==Page 982==

'''the Madero Revolution had moved on''' 
Madero took office as president in November, 1911. However, he was no longer the universal and unquestioned leader he once had been. He turned his back on the forces that had brought him to power. His refusal to enact land reforms caused a break with Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) and other revolutionary leaders and losing much of his popular support gained during the revolution. The rural working class, who had supported Madero, now took up arms against him.

''' Many were rebelling in the name of disaffected ex-minister Emilio Vázquez''' 
Emilio Vázquez Gómez (1888-1913). An anti-Madero figure. 
With the collapse of Diaz regime in May 1911 an interim government was formed and a national election was called for in October the same year. Emilio Vazquez Gomez (1888-1913) was the Interior Minister of the interim government and a leader of an important wing of initial Maderista movement. He and his followers, wth the support of several revolutionary leaders, demand the immediate adopttion of the Plan de San Luis. Vazquistas began an open rebellion to dissolve the interim government and put Madero himself in the presidency before the upcoming election. The revolt, begun at the end of June, reached a new level on August 2, 1911 when Vazquez Gomez resigned as Interior Minister. Three weeks later Vazquista presented a plan in which the interim government was not to be recognized, the command of the revolution was to be handed over to Vazquez Gomez, large landholdings were to be broken up, etc. Madero's dissolving the original anti Diaz party replaced by a new one led to the split with Vazquez Gomez. During the October elections the Vazquista rebellion created unrest in the northern states and attracted several ex-Maderista ''caudillos'' such as Emilio Campas and José Inés Salazar. After the election, the Vazquista rebellion continued and flared up in Chihuahua City in January 1912 against the Madero government. Toward the end of February that revolt spread to several places in the state. In early May, Vazquez Gomez proclaimed himself provisional president, with his capital in Juarez. But his "government" did not obtain much strong support and he was forced to leave the country for the US shortly thereafter. By the fall of 1912, the Vazquista movement had dissolved.

'''Magonistas''' 
Mexican anarchists, followers of brothers Enrique and Ricardo Flores Magón (1874-1922). During the [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/99winter/magonista.htm "Magonista" Revolt] of 1911, a short-lived revolutionary commune was set-up in Baja California. In present Mexico, the Flores Magon brothers are considered left wing political icons nearly as notable as Emiliano Zapata, and numerous streets, towns and neighborhoods are named for them.

==Page 983==

'''Morelos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morelos A state] in southern Mexico.

'''Emiliano Zapata had . . . begun a serious insurrection against the government''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata Emiliano Zapata] (1879-1919) was a leading figure in the 1910-11 Madero Revolution against the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Zapata's discontent with Madero started before the latter became the president. The Ciudad Juárez peace treaty of May 21, 1911 between the Maderistas and Porfirian force ending the military phase of the Madero revolution failed to mention land reforms at all; it turned over the power to an interim government not to the revolutionary forces, as if the fall of the Diaz government had been achieved through secret cabinet pressure according to existing laws not as a result of a revolution; furthermore, the treaty acknowledged the power of federal army and specified to disarmed and demobilized the revolutionary armed groups including Zapatistas. Vazquistas revolted as early as June against the interim government and Zapata openly did so in Morelos on November 25, 1911 against the Madero regime. The Zapatista armed insurrection was the longest-lasting of the rebellions of 1911, and would extend itself throughout Madero's term (1911-13) untill merging with the new insurrectional wave of 1913.

'''Pascual Orozco''' 
1882-1915, importer of armaments from U.S., maderista, revolted against Madero government in 1912. 
[http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/OO/for8.html Pascual Orozco,Jr.] (1882-1915) was a Mexican revolutionary hero and leader. In his early life he was a muleteer working for several large mining companies in the Chihuahua mountains. He soon involved in anti-Diaz activities in 1909 of purchaing arms and ammunition in the U.S. and taking them to Mexico on half of the Magónistas. After Madero called for armed uprising in October 1910 Orozco became the revolutionary chief in the District of Guerrero. On May 10, 1911, Orozco and Pancho Villa won a major military victory in the war against the Porfirian government by taking Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, which led to the signing of the Peace Treaty and the resignation of Diaz. However, for the reasons stated above (Zapata), Orozco announced his revolt against the Madero government on March 3, 1912 lending the anti-Madero movement instant credibility. The Orozquistas won a series of victories for the rest of the month, and the Battle of Rellano (pp. 984-985 of AtD) of March 23 was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign. Orozco and his followers was decisively defeated at the Second Battle of Rellano of May 22-23 by Victoriano Huerta, the new field commnader of Madero ''federales''. By the beginning of October, the Orozquista rebellion had ended and Orozco himself had crossed over to the U.S. acknowledging his defeat.

'''José Inés Salazar''' 
A longtime colleague of Pascual Orozco and later one of the leading Orozquista generals. In May 1909 he and Orozco smuggled arms from the U.S. to Mexico on behalf of the Magonistas. Later fought with Orozco against Madero.

'''Braulio Hernández''' 
A prominent Maderista but later became a radical Orozquista. [http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/library/bakerPhotos.htm Here] is a great set of photos capturing many of the Mexican revolutionary leaders (including Braulio Hernández) and a visual glimpse into the revolution.

'''Pancho Villa''' 
Christened [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancho_Villa Doroteo Arango Arámbula]. Pancho Villa (1878-1923) was one of the foremost leaders of the Mexican Revolution (1911-1920). His charisma and battle victories and his raid on Columbus, New Mexico, made him an idol of the masses and a folk hero. 
He spend his early years in the mountains in the Northern Mexico running from the law. He answered Madero's call for an armed uprising against the Diaz regime and helped defeat the federal army of Diaz in the first Battle of Ciudad Juáez of April-May 1911. At the beginning of Orozco's revolt Pancho Villa was still loyal to the Madero government and fought along with Victoriano Huerta against the Orozquistas. But after Huerta's murdering of Madero and usurpation of the power on February 22, 1913, Villa allied himself with Carranza and fought against Huerta. Villa's revolutionary aims (other than military goals), unlike those of Emiliano Zapata's, were never clearly defined. He was the provisional governor of Chihuahua (1913-14). His 1916 raid on Columbus, New Mexico, provoked the Punitive Expedition by General John Pershing. At this time Pancho Villa was fighting against Carranza until 1920 when the latter was assassinated. Pancho Villa himself, retired from revolutionary life in 1920, was gunned down in his car on July 20, 1923.

'''José Gonzáles Salas''' 
Maderista general in command against Orozco; replaced by Huerta, to Madero's later discomfiture.

'''the country around Jiménez . . .''' 
The region around Jiménez, a mining center in Chihuahua 130 miles south of Chihuahua City, is known for large number of meteorites, some of them discovered by the Spaniards in 16th and 17th centuries, and now exhibited in Palacio de Mineria (Minery Palace) in Mexico city.

'''Chupaderos''' 
There are two Chupaderos meteorites. Both were found in 1852 in the area around Jiménez. With a weight of 14.114 tons, Chupaderos I is ranked as the 10th largest meteorite in the world; and Chupaderos II with a weight of 6.767 tons ranked 14th. Photos of [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(1)-3.jpg Chupaderos I] and [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(II)-1.jpg Chupaderos II].

'''the Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
A small desert area east of Jiménez, the habitat of the Mexican Bolsón Tortoise, one of the four North American tortoise species. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B Alphabetical Index B] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_395 page 395].

==Page 984==

'''''máquina loca''''' 
crazy machine.

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Spanish: (ready) for your orders. In English one would say, "at your service."

'''One prong of the government attack . . . between Corralitos and Rellano . . .''' 
''The Battle of Rellano''. On March 23, 1912, in Rellano, an intermediate point between Torreón and Chihuahua, there was the formal battle between the Orozuistas and the Madero government forces, with a disatrous result for the ''federales''. Its commander, General José Gonzáles Salas, humiliated by the defeat, committed suicide during the retreat. The Battle of Rellano was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign.

'''''Andale, muchachos''''' 
Spanish: let's go, boys.

==Page 985==

'''Parral''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C_Chihuahua Parral] is where Pancho Villa was assassinated on July 20, 1923. Apparently someone remembered the sacking, dynamiting, looting, and killing.

==Page 986==

'''Victoriano Huerta''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: General Huerta]]. 
After the defeat at the Battle of Rellano (pp.984-985 AtD) on March 23, 1912, Madero appointed Victoriano Huerta, an able and competent professional soldier, head of the federal forces on April 1. On May 22-23 Huerta crushed the Orozquistas at the Second Battle of Rellano. This battle was the turning point in the campaign against Orozco. In five consecutive engagements Huerta drove the badly beaten Orozco crossed into the U.S. in September. As a man almost too bad to be true, he began laying plans for Madero's overthrow and the usurpation of presidential power, which he accomplished in ''la decena trágica'', the Ten Tragic Days, of February 1913 and thus earned himself a permanent spot in Mexico's hall of infamy.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V alpha index V] (page down to von Quassel) and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_588-614#Page_596 page 596]

'''Tampico''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637], where (and when) Frank first meets Günther.

'''Orizaba product''' 
One of the leading industries of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orizaba Orizaba] is the Cervecería Moctezuma brewery which was established in 1896.

'''Chiapas''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637]

==Page 987==

'''Oaxaca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca Wikipedia]

'''cafetal''' 
Spanish: coffee plantation.

'''jefe politico''' 
Spanish: political boss.

'''Juchitán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juchitan Juchitán]

'''Benito Juárez Maza''' 
Governor of Oaxaca from 1911 until his death the next year. He was the
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%25C3%25A1rez_Maza&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=7&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBenito%2BJu%25C3%25A1rez%2BMaza%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff son] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez Benito Juárez], the beloved President of Mexico for five different terms from 1858-1872 (so before Porfirio Díaz).

==Page 988==

'''chegomista''' 
Follower of Che Gómez, identified on page 987.

'''"El Reparador"''' 
Spanish: "The Fixer." Epithet of a hundred operators in crime literature. Or, as the text eventually suggests, "The Repairman."

'''Ibargüengoitia''' 
Speculation on this surname: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Ibarg%C3%BCengoitia Jorge Ibargüengoitia] was a novelist and playwright who wrote, among other things, Los Relámpagos de Agosto (The Lightning of August, 1964), which uses cartoonish mayhem to debunk the Mexican Revolution's heroic myths; improbably it won for its author the Premio Casa de las Américas, despite or because of the consternation which its flippancy caused.

'''Chapultepec Park''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapultepec Chapultepec] Park is an enormous green area in the middle of Mexico City covering 2,000 acres, containing three of the city's most importnat museums, an amusement park, several lakes, the only genuine castle in North America,, Mexico's largest zoo and the residence of the President of Mexico, Los Pinos. Chapultepec Castle is also known as "The Halls of Montezuma."

'''''Wie geht's, mein alter Kumpel''''' 
German: How are you, my old workmate?

==Page 989==

'''the new Monument to National Independence''' 
Mexico City's No.1 landmark. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_%C3%81ngel ''Monumento de la Independencia''], situated on a roundabout at the ''Paseo de la Reforma'' (Reform Avenue) in Mexico City's downtown area, was inaugurated in 1910. The sculptures that surround the base represent Law, Justice, War and Peace. On top of the monument is a winged and gilded angel, known as ''Angel de la Independencia'', or just ''El Angel''. See photo of 
[http://www.zanzig.com/travel/mexico-photos/m005-070.htm ''El Angel''].

'''''a face he recognized''''' 
Another angel modeled on Dally? El Angel was sculpted by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Alciati Enrique Alciati].

'''''"máquina loca," "muerte"'' and ''"tú"''''' 
Spanish: "crazy locomotive," "dead" and "you."

'''When his eyes refocused, whoever had spoken had moved on''' 
Frank has, at recognizing Dally's face, gone into the same kind of trance, a merger with the moment, or with the machine, that had almost taken him into the collision with the Federal train on P.985. The warning words seem to be "crazy machine", "dead" and "you". A warning from the Angel of Death, via another Alternate Communication channel.

:Why the Angel of Death rather than the Angel of Light?

'''''abrazo''''' 
hug

'''''sinvergüencistas''''' 
???

'''out of Vera Cruz, down to Frontera . . . to Villahermosa, Tuxtla Gutiérrez . . . and across the Sierra to the Pacific coast''' 
From Mexico City by land roughly 200 miles east to Veracruz on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, continued east 230 miles by sea to Frontera, a small town on the Gulf coast, turned south by land 20 miles to Villahermosa, the capital of Chiapas, continue 40 miles to Tuxtla Gutiérrez and came 80 miles over the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and reached the Pacific coast around Tapachula near the border with Guatemala.

'''''Tu madre chingada puta''''' 
Rude, rude Spanish: Your mother's a fucking whore.

==Page 990==

'''Machine-Age nightmare . . . the future of coffee''' 
Another Crazy Machine, or perhaps "Out of Control" machine (the governor on the locomotive on P.985 "no longer regulated anything"). Coffee is being industrialized, contributing to the ubiquity of outlets on P. 817, not to mention today, with overwhelming consequences for the indigenous growers.

'''Chamulan Indians''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzotzil_people Tzotzil] Maya.

'''San Cristóbal''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_las_Casas Wikipedia]

'''Tuxtla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxtla_Guti%C3%A9rrez Wikipedia]

'''Tapachula''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapachula Wikipedia]

'''El Quetzal Dormido''' 
The Sleeping [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzal Quetzal].

'''Melpómene''' 
Name of the Greek muse of tragedy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melpomene Wikipedia]

'''Palenque''' 
A Chiapas small town roughly 20 miles southeast of Villahermosa, 70 miles notheast of Tuxtla Gutiérrez. From 500 to 800 A.D. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palenque Palenque] was a major power in the Maya world. Today it remains shrouded in the mist of a tropical jungle and a significant archealogical site dominating by the ''Temple of the Inscription'' with the tomb of Lord Pacal, the ruler from 615-653 A.D. inside.

==Page 991==

'''''guayuleros''''' 
???

'''''cucuji''''' 
??? According to the text they are "giant luminous beetles."

'''''tinterillo''''' 
???

'''''Ahora, apágate''''' 
Spanish: Now put yourself out, extinguish yourself.

'''''Bueno''' 
Good.

==Page 992==

'''''instantaneously''''' 
In violation of Einstein's special theory of relativity. 
a wireless, immediate, human way of communicating.

'''''Caray . . . novio . . .''''' 
Good heavens . . . boyfriend . . .

'''Mazatán''' 
There's a map with Mazatán on this web [http://www.travelpost.com/NA/Mexico/Chiapas/Mazatan/7645531 page].

'''''Qué''''' 
What, as in "what the fuck?"

'''''querida''''' 
dear, darling

==Page 993==

'''It is like the telephone exchange . . . the single greater organism remains intact, coherent, connected.''' 
Actually not like the telephone exchange. On P. 708, Derrick Theign worries that in case of war, telephone and telegraph will become unreliable; this is his reason for creating the R.U.S.H. This telepathic network, like an unfailing cell phone network, is far more reliable.

'''Tenochtitlán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlán] was the capital of the Aztec empire, built on an island in Lake Texcoco in what is now the Federal District in central Mexico. At its height, Tenochtitlán was one of the largest cities in the world, with over 200,000 inhabitants. The city was destroyed in 1521 by Spanish conquistadors. Mexico City was erected on top of the ruin.

==Page 994==

'''He knew what it was but could not find its name in his memory''' 
Presumably the unknown menace from which Aztlan's inhabitants fled. But suggestive both of air attack and the menace of North American industrialization in 1900 and NAFTA in 2000.

'''tezontle''' 
The colonists and Indian artisans employed local [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-589541/tezontle tezontle], a light and porous volcanic rock, to create elaborate facades on buildings.

'''tepetate''' 
A porous whitish-yellow rock used in building construction when cut into blocks. As a construction material tepetate has played a major role in the development of modern Mexico.

'''indicative world''' 
Very potent phrase. The world of everyday reality, indicating the deepeer reality of the visions? The indicative mood in grammar is the mood of simple declarative statements, plain facts: there was Melpomene, here is a chair. A mood incommensurate with Frank's trance.

'''the Huerta coup''' 
Against Madero, who was shot, February 1913.

'''Decena Trágica''' 
Spanish: the tragic ten days.

'''Zócalo''' 
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zocalo zócalo] is a central town square or plaza.

'''''el palacio blanco''''' 
Spanish: the white palace

'''Pino Suárez''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pino_Su%C3%A1rez Wikipedia]

==Page 995==

'''It was the first time he was aware of getting paid for being stupid. Could there be a future in this?''' 

Sounds like another Pynchonian 'in-joke'. In "Vineland", Zoyd Wheeler is getting his yearly cheques for precisely that, i.e. doing something stupid.

==Page 996==

'''''¡Epa!''''' 
Spanish: Whoa!

'''Since last September the mine workers' union had been out on strike''' 
The Colorado "coal war" of September 1913 to April 1914; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist.html here is an eye-opening account.]

==Page 997==

'''Pagosa Springs''' 
South Central Colorado town in the heart of the San Juan Forest.

==Page 998==

'''...over Wolf Creek Pass, into the San Luis Valley...San Luis Basin...through Fort Garland...up the Sangre de Cristos over North La Veta Pass...the first rooftops of Walsenburg.''' 
The route described would take them from the presumably UMW-sympathetic mining country in the San Juans, north and east along current US highway 160 (called the Navaho Trail), across the San Luis Valley and Basin to North La Veta Pass, with Walsenburg and the prairies and canyons of the coal country beyond to the east (the only safe approach to the striking mines).

The geography of this journey is as carefully described as the various characters' journeys through the Balkans (the description of the view of the Spanish Peaks and Culebra Range are absolutely accurate), and there must be a reason, something these regions have in common.

The San Luis Valley and immediately adjacent areas are the furthest northeastern reaches of the Spanish Empire in North America, part of the Province of Nueva Mexico del Norte of New Spain, later Mexico (part of which became the state of New Mexico in 1912). The area around Telluride would be the northern border of Pynchon's vision of Aztlan (it is in fact the northern border of the Pueblo settlements). These are, therefore, like the Balkans, borders between newly industrializing empires and older, tribally-organized, "pre-scientific" cultures (both with indigenous mystical/spiritual traditions, with which the characters interact). Here and in nearby Mexico, mechanization and industrialization of resource extraction are causing heartbreaking exploitation and violence, and the indigenous shamanism and mysticism and their unmediated power are being destroyed by advancing industrial civilization, exactly as described by Dwight Prance on P.777.

Niall Ferguson(''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'', Penguin Press, 2006) points to three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility (See note to P.939). Both the Balkans and the American Southwest/Mexico fulfilled those conditions.

==Page 999==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 976-999

2007-04-12T17:24:19Z

Bouleris: /* Page 994 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 976==

'''the coalfield troubles in southern Colorado''' 
The United Mine Workers called a stike in Colorado's coalfields north of Denver in 1910 winning a 10 percent wage increase for ten thousand Colorado miners. The union's real target was the larger southern coalfield. A state-wide coal strike was called in September 1913 and lasted 14 months resulted in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_massacre the Ludlow Massacre] of April 20, 1914, in which 20 people were killed.

'''the Madero revolution''' 
in 1910, out of Mexico, led by Madera. Ramifications felt in El Paso, where a Senate Committee investigated in 1912 and found Standard Oil partly responsible. 
Relevant?--a Mormon settlement was investigated as part of the investigation. 
[http://www.mexconnect.com/MEX/austin/revolution.html The Madero (Mexican) Revolution] was brought on by, among other factors, tremendous disagreement among the Mexican people over the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Madero was one of the strongest believers that Diaz should renounce his power and not seek re-election in 1910. He was jailed by Diaz but was able to escape on October 4, 1910, to the US. In San Antonio, Texas, he issued his Plan of San Luis Potosi proclaiming the 1910 election null and void and called for an armed revolution on November 20, 1910 against the "illegitimate" presidency of Diaz. Madero also promised agrarian land reforms to attract Mexico's peasants to his cause. The revolution spread, the Maderista troops, with Pancho Villa in the North and Emiliano Zapata in the South, defeated the army of Diaz within six months, and Diaz resigned on May 25, 1911. Francisco Madero was elected President on October 1, 1911 and assumed power on November 6.

==Page 977==

'''cross-gable''' 
Two perpendicular gable roofs; [http://www.roofingchildsplay.com/articles/the_gable_roof.php pic and more]

'''Baby Doe Tabor ... Haw Tabor''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=T alphabetical index T] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_273-295#Page_274 page 274]

'''I'm Going..Salome''' 
Stanley Murphy, lyricist, written before 1909. 
"I'm going to get myself a black Salome" 
Composer: Wynn, Ed 1886-1966
Lyrics: Big Bill Jefferson a railroad man (first line of text)
Contributors: Murphy, Stanley 1875-1919
Publication Date: 1908
For voice and piano.
Cover ill.: African American man watching a belly dancer. Photo of Ed. Wynn. [http://www.thehackley.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=d-000-00---0dplhacsm--00-0-0-0prompt-10---4---Document---0-1l--1-en-50---20-about---001-011-1-0utfZz-8-0&a=d&cl=CL6.15&d=HASH01fdd49fdb3579dd874ac2c1 link]

'''majolica''' 
A particular type of white colour glaze for earthenware ceramics that was known for its ability to mimic (poorly) historically expensive porcelain. Its name comes from the practice of importing it into Europe through the ports of the Balearic island Majorca from the Mid-east. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majolica Wikipedia]

==Page 978==

''''''Tá bien, no te preocupes, m'hija''''' 
Spanish: It's all right, don't trouble yourself, my dear.

'''Galluses''' 
a pair of suspenders for trousers. "Braces" in British English.

'''Czolgosz''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
Leon Frank Czolgosz (January 24, 1873 – October 29, 1901) was the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley. In the last few years of his short life he was heavily influenced by anarchists like Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Frank_Czolgosz From Wikipedia]

'''President McKinley''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
William McKinley, Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley from Wikipedia] McKinley as president placed the US on the gold standard (remember Dally and the poster for bimetallism).

'''One thousand Fast Lake Navigation, 158 Fast Express, and 206 Automobile Inverts''' 
[http://www.filbert.com/stamplistopedia/us_inverts/default.htm Here] is a page with images of the stamp. Also, an interesting little [http://www.topix.net/forum/hobbies/stamp-collecting/TAN9GV5A1E1LCSGDV online tidbit] which references this stamp with the inverted center to which this page refers.

These misprinted ("alternate") stamps, associated with Anarchism, and the philatelically-named Jenny Invert with her similar association to the Anarchist collective at Yz-le-Bans, inevitably call to mind the subtly altered stamps of the anarchist (or at any rate anti-government) Trystero in ''Lot 49'', postage in an alterntive, underground communication system.
We have, then, the theme of underground, alternative communication introduced again (the first time in AtD is with the London gas pipes).

==Page 979==

'''Hanna's miserable stooge''' 
Mark Hanna (September 24, 1837–February 15, 1904), born Marcus Alonzo Hanna, was an industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. He rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful Republican Presidential candidate William McKinley in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hanna From Wikipedia]. Obviously, the stooge refers to McKinley.

'''henriettia''' 
A fine diagonal twilled (ribbed) dress fabric made with silk warp (vertical threads) and fine worsted (firm-textured) weft (horizontal threads), which makes it resemble Cashmere cloth. 
Weave: Twill 
Characteristics: Originally consisted of worsted filling and silk warp. Today, it can be found in a variety of blends. It has excellent drapability. It's weight and quality vary with fibres, however, when created with silk and wool it is lustrous and soft.
Uses: Dress goods. Textile Dictionary

'''Œdipal''' 
From the myth of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus#Homer.27s_Oedipus Oedipus] Rex, about a returning son killing his father, rendered infamous through Freud's interpretation of its significance to men and rendered famous by the Sophocles plays in the 5th century B.C.

And perhaps a Pynchon in-joke of sorts. The protagonist of ''Lot 49'' is Oedipa Maas (it has been suggested: "More Oedipal"), also in trouble over stamps; in fact "Lot 49" refers to the auction lot of Trystero-altered stamps in the collection of Pierce Inverarity (it has been suggested: "Inverse Rarity"), for whose estate Oedipa is executor. A few pages from here the issue of alternate communication forms will be introduced; these references to the issues in ''Lot 49'' could serve to alert the experienced reader of Pynchon to their importance in AtD.

==Page 980==

==Page 981==

'''the one with the destiny''' 
Do we learn anything about this odd Oust child?

(Presumably Ewball?). No, this one is apparently a little child when Ewball is a grownup.

Maybe [[ATD_119-148#Page_140|a child born with a caul?]] It would not take much of a prophet to say that such a child has a destiny.

'''tintypes''' 
A cheap, common and durable form of black and white photographic image where a sensitised collodion is poured upon a thin sheet of soot blackened tin, exposed and developed. Often hand-coloured. The most notable practitioners and teachers of the process in the US are [http://www.collodion.org/ Mark Osterman and France Scully Osterman]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintype tintype wikipedia entry].

==Page 982==

'''the Madero Revolution had moved on''' 
Madero took office as president in November, 1911. However, he was no longer the universal and unquestioned leader he once had been. He turned his back on the forces that had brought him to power. His refusal to enact land reforms caused a break with Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) and other revolutionary leaders and losing much of his popular support gained during the revolution. The rural working class, who had supported Madero, now took up arms against him.

''' Many were rebelling in the name of disaffected ex-minister Emilio Vázquez''' 
Emilio Vázquez Gómez (1888-1913). An anti-Madero figure. 
With the collapse of Diaz regime in May 1911 an interim government was formed and a national election was called for in October the same year. Emilio Vazquez Gomez (1888-1913) was the Interior Minister of the interim government and a leader of an important wing of initial Maderista movement. He and his followers, wth the support of several revolutionary leaders, demand the immediate adopttion of the Plan de San Luis. Vazquistas began an open rebellion to dissolve the interim government and put Madero himself in the presidency before the upcoming election. The revolt, begun at the end of June, reached a new level on August 2, 1911 when Vazquez Gomez resigned as Interior Minister. Three weeks later Vazquista presented a plan in which the interim government was not to be recognized, the command of the revolution was to be handed over to Vazquez Gomez, large landholdings were to be broken up, etc. Madero's dissolving the original anti Diaz party replaced by a new one led to the split with Vazquez Gomez. During the October elections the Vazquista rebellion created unrest in the northern states and attracted several ex-Maderista ''caudillos'' such as Emilio Campas and José Inés Salazar. After the election, the Vazquista rebellion continued and flared up in Chihuahua City in January 1912 against the Madero government. Toward the end of February that revolt spread to several places in the state. In early May, Vazquez Gomez proclaimed himself provisional president, with his capital in Juarez. But his "government" did not obtain much strong support and he was forced to leave the country for the US shortly thereafter. By the fall of 1912, the Vazquista movement had dissolved.

'''Magonistas''' 
Mexican anarchists, followers of brothers Enrique and Ricardo Flores Magón (1874-1922). During the [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/99winter/magonista.htm "Magonista" Revolt] of 1911, a short-lived revolutionary commune was set-up in Baja California. In present Mexico, the Flores Magon brothers are considered left wing political icons nearly as notable as Emiliano Zapata, and numerous streets, towns and neighborhoods are named for them.

==Page 983==

'''Morelos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morelos A state] in southern Mexico.

'''Emiliano Zapata had . . . begun a serious insurrection against the government''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata Emiliano Zapata] (1879-1919) was a leading figure in the 1910-11 Madero Revolution against the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Zapata's discontent with Madero started before the latter became the president. The Ciudad Juárez peace treaty of May 21, 1911 between the Maderistas and Porfirian force ending the military phase of the Madero revolution failed to mention land reforms at all; it turned over the power to an interim government not to the revolutionary forces, as if the fall of the Diaz government had been achieved through secret cabinet pressure according to existing laws not as a result of a revolution; furthermore, the treaty acknowledged the power of federal army and specified to disarmed and demobilized the revolutionary armed groups including Zapatistas. Vazquistas revolted as early as June against the interim government and Zapata openly did so in Morelos on November 25, 1911 against the Madero regime. The Zapatista armed insurrection was the longest-lasting of the rebellions of 1911, and would extend itself throughout Madero's term (1911-13) untill merging with the new insurrectional wave of 1913.

'''Pascual Orozco''' 
1882-1915, importer of armaments from U.S., maderista, revolted against Madero government in 1912. 
[http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/OO/for8.html Pascual Orozco,Jr.] (1882-1915) was a Mexican revolutionary hero and leader. In his early life he was a muleteer working for several large mining companies in the Chihuahua mountains. He soon involved in anti-Diaz activities in 1909 of purchaing arms and ammunition in the U.S. and taking them to Mexico on half of the Magónistas. After Madero called for armed uprising in October 1910 Orozco became the revolutionary chief in the District of Guerrero. On May 10, 1911, Orozco and Pancho Villa won a major military victory in the war against the Porfirian government by taking Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, which led to the signing of the Peace Treaty and the resignation of Diaz. However, for the reasons stated above (Zapata), Orozco announced his revolt against the Madero government on March 3, 1912 lending the anti-Madero movement instant credibility. The Orozquistas won a series of victories for the rest of the month, and the Battle of Rellano (pp. 984-985 of AtD) of March 23 was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign. Orozco and his followers was decisively defeated at the Second Battle of Rellano of May 22-23 by Victoriano Huerta, the new field commnader of Madero ''federales''. By the beginning of October, the Orozquista rebellion had ended and Orozco himself had crossed over to the U.S. acknowledging his defeat.

'''José Inés Salazar''' 
A longtime colleague of Pascual Orozco and later one of the leading Orozquista generals. In May 1909 he and Orozco smuggled arms from the U.S. to Mexico on behalf of the Magonistas. Later fought with Orozco against Madero.

'''Braulio Hernández''' 
A prominent Maderista but later became a radical Orozquista. [http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/library/bakerPhotos.htm Here] is a great set of photos capturing many of the Mexican revolutionary leaders (including Braulio Hernández) and a visual glimpse into the revolution.

'''Pancho Villa''' 
Christened [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancho_Villa Doroteo Arango Arámbula]. Pancho Villa (1878-1923) was one of the foremost leaders of the Mexican Revolution (1911-1920). His charisma and battle victories and his raid on Columbus, New Mexico, made him an idol of the masses and a folk hero. 
He spend his early years in the mountains in the Northern Mexico running from the law. He answered Madero's call for an armed uprising against the Diaz regime and helped defeat the federal army of Diaz in the first Battle of Ciudad Juáez of April-May 1911. At the beginning of Orozco's revolt Pancho Villa was still loyal to the Madero government and fought along with Victoriano Huerta against the Orozquistas. But after Huerta's murdering of Madero and usurpation of the power on February 22, 1913, Villa allied himself with Carranza and fought against Huerta. Villa's revolutionary aims (other than military goals), unlike those of Emiliano Zapata's, were never clearly defined. He was the provisional governor of Chihuahua (1913-14). His 1916 raid on Columbus, New Mexico, provoked the Punitive Expedition by General John Pershing. At this time Pancho Villa was fighting against Carranza until 1920 when the latter was assassinated. Pancho Villa himself, retired from revolutionary life in 1920, was gunned down in his car on July 20, 1923.

'''José Gonzáles Salas''' 
Maderista general in command against Orozco; replaced by Huerta, to Madero's later discomfiture.

'''the country around Jiménez . . .''' 
The region around Jiménez, a mining center in Chihuahua 130 miles south of Chihuahua City, is known for large number of meteorites, some of them discovered by the Spaniards in 16th and 17th centuries, and now exhibited in Palacio de Mineria (Minery Palace) in Mexico city.

'''Chupaderos''' 
There are two Chupaderos meteorites. Both were found in 1852 in the area around Jiménez. With a weight of 14.114 tons, Chupaderos I is ranked as the 10th largest meteorite in the world; and Chupaderos II with a weight of 6.767 tons ranked 14th. Photos of [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(1)-3.jpg Chupaderos I] and [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(II)-1.jpg Chupaderos II].

'''the Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
A small desert area east of Jiménez, the habitat of the Mexican Bolsón Tortoise, one of the four North American tortoise species. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B Alphabetical Index B] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_395 page 395].

==Page 984==

'''''máquina loca''''' 
crazy machine.

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Spanish: (ready) for your orders. In English one would say, "at your service."

'''One prong of the government attack . . . between Corralitos and Rellano . . .''' 
''The Battle of Rellano''. On March 23, 1912, in Rellano, an intermediate point between Torreón and Chihuahua, there was the formal battle between the Orozuistas and the Madero government forces, with a disatrous result for the ''federales''. Its commander, General José Gonzáles Salas, humiliated by the defeat, committed suicide during the retreat. The Battle of Rellano was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign.

'''''Andale, muchachos''''' 
Spanish: let's go, boys.

==Page 985==

'''Parral''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C_Chihuahua Parral] is where Pancho Villa was assassinated on July 20, 1923. Apparently someone remembered the sacking, dynamiting, looting, and killing.

==Page 986==

'''Victoriano Huerta''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: General Huerta]]. 
After the defeat at the Battle of Rellano (pp.984-985 AtD) on March 23, 1912, Madero appointed Victoriano Huerta, an able and competent professional soldier, head of the federal forces on April 1. On May 22-23 Huerta crushed the Orozquistas at the Second Battle of Rellano. This battle was the turning point in the campaign against Orozco. In five consecutive engagements Huerta drove the badly beaten Orozco crossed into the U.S. in September. As a man almost too bad to be true, he began laying plans for Madero's overthrow and the usurpation of presidential power, which he accomplished in ''la decena trágica'', the Ten Tragic Days, of February 1913 and thus earned himself a permanent spot in Mexico's hall of infamy.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V alpha index V] (page down to von Quassel) and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_588-614#Page_596 page 596]

'''Tampico''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637], where (and when) Frank first meets Günther.

'''Orizaba product''' 
One of the leading industries of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orizaba Orizaba] is the Cervecería Moctezuma brewery which was established in 1896.

'''Chiapas''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637]

==Page 987==

'''Oaxaca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca Wikipedia]

'''cafetal''' 
Spanish: coffee plantation.

'''jefe politico''' 
Spanish: political boss.

'''Juchitán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juchitan Juchitán]

'''Benito Juárez Maza''' 
Governor of Oaxaca from 1911 until his death the next year. He was the
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%25C3%25A1rez_Maza&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=7&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBenito%2BJu%25C3%25A1rez%2BMaza%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff son] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez Benito Juárez], the beloved President of Mexico for five different terms from 1858-1872 (so before Porfirio Díaz).

==Page 988==

'''chegomista''' 
Follower of Che Gómez, identified on page 987.

'''"El Reparador"''' 
Spanish: "The Fixer." Epithet of a hundred operators in crime literature. Or, as the text eventually suggests, "The Repairman."

'''Ibargüengoitia''' 
Speculation on this surname: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Ibarg%C3%BCengoitia Jorge Ibargüengoitia] was a novelist and playwright who wrote, among other things, Los Relámpagos de Agosto (The Lightning of August, 1964), which uses cartoonish mayhem to debunk the Mexican Revolution's heroic myths; improbably it won for its author the Premio Casa de las Américas, despite or because of the consternation which its flippancy caused.

'''Chapultepec Park''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapultepec Chapultepec] Park is an enormous green area in the middle of Mexico City covering 2,000 acres, containing three of the city's most importnat museums, an amusement park, several lakes, the only genuine castle in North America,, Mexico's largest zoo and the residence of the President of Mexico, Los Pinos. Chapultepec Castle is also known as "The Halls of Montezuma."

'''''Wie geht's, mein alter Kumpel''''' 
German: How are you, my old workmate?

==Page 989==

'''the new Monument to National Independence''' 
Mexico City's No.1 landmark. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_%C3%81ngel ''Monumento de la Independencia''], situated on a roundabout at the ''Paseo de la Reforma'' (Reform Avenue) in Mexico City's downtown area, was inaugurated in 1910. The sculptures that surround the base represent Law, Justice, War and Peace. On top of the monument is a winged and gilded angel, known as ''Angel de la Independencia'', or just ''El Angel''. See photo of 
[http://www.zanzig.com/travel/mexico-photos/m005-070.htm ''El Angel''].

'''''a face he recognized''''' 
Another angel modeled on Dally? El Angel was sculpted by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Alciati Enrique Alciati].

'''''"máquina loca," "muerte"'' and ''"tú"''''' 
Spanish: "crazy locomotive," "dead" and "you."

'''When his eyes refocused, whoever had spoken had moved on''' 
Frank has, at recognizing Dally's face, gone into the same kind of trance, a merger with the moment, or with the machine, that had almost taken him into the collision with the Federal train on P.985. The warning words seem to be "crazy machine", "dead" and "you". A warning from the Angel of Death, via another Alternate Communication channel.

:Why the Angel of Death rather than the Angel of Light?

'''''abrazo''''' 
hug

'''''sinvergüencistas''''' 
???

'''out of Vera Cruz, down to Frontera . . . to Villahermosa, Tuxtla Gutiérrez . . . and across the Sierra to the Pacific coast''' 
From Mexico City by land roughly 200 miles east to Veracruz on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, continued east 230 miles by sea to Frontera, a small town on the Gulf coast, turned south by land 20 miles to Villahermosa, the capital of Chiapas, continue 40 miles to Tuxtla Gutiérrez and came 80 miles over the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and reached the Pacific coast around Tapachula near the border with Guatemala.

'''''Tu madre chingada puta''''' 
Rude, rude Spanish: Your mother's a fucking whore.

==Page 990==

'''Machine-Age nightmare . . . the future of coffee''' 
Another Crazy Machine, or perhaps "Out of Control" machine (the governor on the locomotive on P.985 "no longer regulated anything"). Coffee is being industrialized, contributing to the ubiquity of outlets on P. 817, not to mention today, with overwhelming consequences for the indigenous growers.

'''Chamulan Indians''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzotzil_people Tzotzil] Maya.

'''San Cristóbal''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_las_Casas Wikipedia]

'''Tuxtla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxtla_Guti%C3%A9rrez Wikipedia]

'''Tapachula''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapachula Wikipedia]

'''El Quetzal Dormido''' 
The Sleeping [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzal Quetzal].

'''Melpómene''' 
Name of the Greek muse of tragedy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melpomene Wikipedia]

'''Palenque''' 
A Chiapas small town roughly 20 miles southeast of Villahermosa, 70 miles notheast of Tuxtla Gutiérrez. From 500 to 800 A.D. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palenque Palenque] was a major power in the Maya world. Today it remains shrouded in the mist of a tropical jungle and a significant archealogical site dominating by the ''Temple of the Inscription'' with the tomb of Lord Pacal, the ruler from 615-653 A.D. inside.

==Page 991==

'''''guayuleros''''' 
???

'''''cucuji''''' 
??? According to the text they are "giant luminous beetles."

'''''tinterillo''''' 
???

'''''Ahora, apágate''''' 
Spanish: Now put yourself out, extinguish yourself.

'''''Bueno''' 
Good.

==Page 992==

'''''instantaneously''''' 
In violation of Einstein's special theory of relativity. 
a wireless, immediate, human way of communicating.

'''''Caray . . . novio . . .''''' 
Good heavens . . . boyfriend . . .

'''Mazatán''' 
There's a map with Mazatán on this web [http://www.travelpost.com/NA/Mexico/Chiapas/Mazatan/7645531 page].

'''''Qué''''' 
What, as in "what the fuck?"

'''''querida''''' 
dear, darling

==Page 993==

'''It is like the telephone exchange . . . the single greater organism remains intact, coherent, connected.''' 
Actually not like the telephone exchange. On P. 708, Derrick Theign worries that in case of war, telephone and telegraph will become unreliable; this is his reason for creating the R.U.S.H. This telepathic network, like an unfailing cell phone network, is far more reliable.

'''Tenochtitlán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlán] was the capital of the Aztec empire, built on an island in Lake Texcoco in what is now the Federal District in central Mexico. At its height, Tenochtitlán was one of the largest cities in the world, with over 200,000 inhabitants. The city was destroyed in 1521 by Spanish conquistadors. Mexico City was erected on top of the ruin.

==Page 994==

'''He knew what it was but could not find its name in his memory''' 
Presumably the unknown menace from which Aztlan's inhabitants fled. But suggestive both of air attack and the menace of North American industrialization in 1900 and NAFTA in 2000.

'''tezontle''' 
The colonists and Indian artisans employed local [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-589541/tezontle tezontle], a light and porous volcanic rock, to create elaborate facades on buildings.

'''tepetate''' 
A porous whitish-yellow rock used in building construction when cut into blocks. As a construction material tepetate has played a major role in the development of modern Mexico.

'''indicative world''' 
Very potent phrase. The world of everyday reality, indicating the deepeer reality of the visions? The indicative mood in grammar is the mood of simple declarative statements, plain facts: there was Melpomene, here is a chair. A mood incommensurate with Frank's trance.

'''the Huerta coup''' 
Against Madero, who was shot, February 1913.

'''Decena Trágica''' 
Spanish: the tragic ten days.

'''Zócalo''' 
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zocalo zócalo] is a central town square or plaza.

'''Pino Suárez'''
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pino_Su%C3%A1rez Wikipedia]

==Page 995==

'''It was the first time he was aware of getting paid for being stupid. Could there be a future in this?''' 

Sounds like another Pynchonian 'in-joke'. In "Vineland", Zoyd Wheeler is getting his yearly cheques for precisely that, i.e. doing something stupid.

==Page 996==

'''''¡Epa!''''' 
Spanish: Whoa!

'''Since last September the mine workers' union had been out on strike''' 
The Colorado "coal war" of September 1913 to April 1914; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist.html here is an eye-opening account.]

==Page 997==

'''Pagosa Springs''' 
South Central Colorado town in the heart of the San Juan Forest.

==Page 998==

'''...over Wolf Creek Pass, into the San Luis Valley...San Luis Basin...through Fort Garland...up the Sangre de Cristos over North La Veta Pass...the first rooftops of Walsenburg.''' 
The route described would take them from the presumably UMW-sympathetic mining country in the San Juans, north and east along current US highway 160 (called the Navaho Trail), across the San Luis Valley and Basin to North La Veta Pass, with Walsenburg and the prairies and canyons of the coal country beyond to the east (the only safe approach to the striking mines).

The geography of this journey is as carefully described as the various characters' journeys through the Balkans (the description of the view of the Spanish Peaks and Culebra Range are absolutely accurate), and there must be a reason, something these regions have in common.

The San Luis Valley and immediately adjacent areas are the furthest northeastern reaches of the Spanish Empire in North America, part of the Province of Nueva Mexico del Norte of New Spain, later Mexico (part of which became the state of New Mexico in 1912). The area around Telluride would be the northern border of Pynchon's vision of Aztlan (it is in fact the northern border of the Pueblo settlements). These are, therefore, like the Balkans, borders between newly industrializing empires and older, tribally-organized, "pre-scientific" cultures (both with indigenous mystical/spiritual traditions, with which the characters interact). Here and in nearby Mexico, mechanization and industrialization of resource extraction are causing heartbreaking exploitation and violence, and the indigenous shamanism and mysticism and their unmediated power are being destroyed by advancing industrial civilization, exactly as described by Dwight Prance on P.777.

Niall Ferguson(''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'', Penguin Press, 2006) points to three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility (See note to P.939). Both the Balkans and the American Southwest/Mexico fulfilled those conditions.

==Page 999==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 976-999

2007-04-12T16:39:42Z

Bouleris: /* Page 994 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 976==

'''the coalfield troubles in southern Colorado''' 
The United Mine Workers called a stike in Colorado's coalfields north of Denver in 1910 winning a 10 percent wage increase for ten thousand Colorado miners. The union's real target was the larger southern coalfield. A state-wide coal strike was called in September 1913 and lasted 14 months resulted in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_massacre the Ludlow Massacre] of April 20, 1914, in which 20 people were killed.

'''the Madero revolution''' 
in 1910, out of Mexico, led by Madera. Ramifications felt in El Paso, where a Senate Committee investigated in 1912 and found Standard Oil partly responsible. 
Relevant?--a Mormon settlement was investigated as part of the investigation. 
[http://www.mexconnect.com/MEX/austin/revolution.html The Madero (Mexican) Revolution] was brought on by, among other factors, tremendous disagreement among the Mexican people over the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Madero was one of the strongest believers that Diaz should renounce his power and not seek re-election in 1910. He was jailed by Diaz but was able to escape on October 4, 1910, to the US. In San Antonio, Texas, he issued his Plan of San Luis Potosi proclaiming the 1910 election null and void and called for an armed revolution on November 20, 1910 against the "illegitimate" presidency of Diaz. Madero also promised agrarian land reforms to attract Mexico's peasants to his cause. The revolution spread, the Maderista troops, with Pancho Villa in the North and Emiliano Zapata in the South, defeated the army of Diaz within six months, and Diaz resigned on May 25, 1911. Francisco Madero was elected President on October 1, 1911 and assumed power on November 6.

==Page 977==

'''cross-gable''' 
Two perpendicular gable roofs; [http://www.roofingchildsplay.com/articles/the_gable_roof.php pic and more]

'''Baby Doe Tabor ... Haw Tabor''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=T alphabetical index T] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_273-295#Page_274 page 274]

'''I'm Going..Salome''' 
Stanley Murphy, lyricist, written before 1909. 
"I'm going to get myself a black Salome" 
Composer: Wynn, Ed 1886-1966
Lyrics: Big Bill Jefferson a railroad man (first line of text)
Contributors: Murphy, Stanley 1875-1919
Publication Date: 1908
For voice and piano.
Cover ill.: African American man watching a belly dancer. Photo of Ed. Wynn. [http://www.thehackley.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=d-000-00---0dplhacsm--00-0-0-0prompt-10---4---Document---0-1l--1-en-50---20-about---001-011-1-0utfZz-8-0&a=d&cl=CL6.15&d=HASH01fdd49fdb3579dd874ac2c1 link]

'''majolica''' 
A particular type of white colour glaze for earthenware ceramics that was known for its ability to mimic (poorly) historically expensive porcelain. Its name comes from the practice of importing it into Europe through the ports of the Balearic island Majorca from the Mid-east. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majolica Wikipedia]

==Page 978==

''''''Tá bien, no te preocupes, m'hija''''' 
Spanish: It's all right, don't trouble yourself, my dear.

'''Galluses''' 
a pair of suspenders for trousers. "Braces" in British English.

'''Czolgosz''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
Leon Frank Czolgosz (January 24, 1873 – October 29, 1901) was the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley. In the last few years of his short life he was heavily influenced by anarchists like Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Frank_Czolgosz From Wikipedia]

'''President McKinley''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
William McKinley, Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley from Wikipedia] McKinley as president placed the US on the gold standard (remember Dally and the poster for bimetallism).

'''One thousand Fast Lake Navigation, 158 Fast Express, and 206 Automobile Inverts''' 
[http://www.filbert.com/stamplistopedia/us_inverts/default.htm Here] is a page with images of the stamp. Also, an interesting little [http://www.topix.net/forum/hobbies/stamp-collecting/TAN9GV5A1E1LCSGDV online tidbit] which references this stamp with the inverted center to which this page refers.

These misprinted ("alternate") stamps, associated with Anarchism, and the philatelically-named Jenny Invert with her similar association to the Anarchist collective at Yz-le-Bans, inevitably call to mind the subtly altered stamps of the anarchist (or at any rate anti-government) Trystero in ''Lot 49'', postage in an alterntive, underground communication system.
We have, then, the theme of underground, alternative communication introduced again (the first time in AtD is with the London gas pipes).

==Page 979==

'''Hanna's miserable stooge''' 
Mark Hanna (September 24, 1837–February 15, 1904), born Marcus Alonzo Hanna, was an industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. He rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful Republican Presidential candidate William McKinley in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hanna From Wikipedia]. Obviously, the stooge refers to McKinley.

'''henriettia''' 
A fine diagonal twilled (ribbed) dress fabric made with silk warp (vertical threads) and fine worsted (firm-textured) weft (horizontal threads), which makes it resemble Cashmere cloth. 
Weave: Twill 
Characteristics: Originally consisted of worsted filling and silk warp. Today, it can be found in a variety of blends. It has excellent drapability. It's weight and quality vary with fibres, however, when created with silk and wool it is lustrous and soft.
Uses: Dress goods. Textile Dictionary

'''Œdipal''' 
From the myth of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus#Homer.27s_Oedipus Oedipus] Rex, about a returning son killing his father, rendered infamous through Freud's interpretation of its significance to men and rendered famous by the Sophocles plays in the 5th century B.C.

And perhaps a Pynchon in-joke of sorts. The protagonist of ''Lot 49'' is Oedipa Maas (it has been suggested: "More Oedipal"), also in trouble over stamps; in fact "Lot 49" refers to the auction lot of Trystero-altered stamps in the collection of Pierce Inverarity (it has been suggested: "Inverse Rarity"), for whose estate Oedipa is executor. A few pages from here the issue of alternate communication forms will be introduced; these references to the issues in ''Lot 49'' could serve to alert the experienced reader of Pynchon to their importance in AtD.

==Page 980==

==Page 981==

'''the one with the destiny''' 
Do we learn anything about this odd Oust child?

(Presumably Ewball?). No, this one is apparently a little child when Ewball is a grownup.

Maybe [[ATD_119-148#Page_140|a child born with a caul?]] It would not take much of a prophet to say that such a child has a destiny.

'''tintypes''' 
A cheap, common and durable form of black and white photographic image where a sensitised collodion is poured upon a thin sheet of soot blackened tin, exposed and developed. Often hand-coloured. The most notable practitioners and teachers of the process in the US are [http://www.collodion.org/ Mark Osterman and France Scully Osterman]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintype tintype wikipedia entry].

==Page 982==

'''the Madero Revolution had moved on''' 
Madero took office as president in November, 1911. However, he was no longer the universal and unquestioned leader he once had been. He turned his back on the forces that had brought him to power. His refusal to enact land reforms caused a break with Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) and other revolutionary leaders and losing much of his popular support gained during the revolution. The rural working class, who had supported Madero, now took up arms against him.

''' Many were rebelling in the name of disaffected ex-minister Emilio Vázquez''' 
Emilio Vázquez Gómez (1888-1913). An anti-Madero figure. 
With the collapse of Diaz regime in May 1911 an interim government was formed and a national election was called for in October the same year. Emilio Vazquez Gomez (1888-1913) was the Interior Minister of the interim government and a leader of an important wing of initial Maderista movement. He and his followers, wth the support of several revolutionary leaders, demand the immediate adopttion of the Plan de San Luis. Vazquistas began an open rebellion to dissolve the interim government and put Madero himself in the presidency before the upcoming election. The revolt, begun at the end of June, reached a new level on August 2, 1911 when Vazquez Gomez resigned as Interior Minister. Three weeks later Vazquista presented a plan in which the interim government was not to be recognized, the command of the revolution was to be handed over to Vazquez Gomez, large landholdings were to be broken up, etc. Madero's dissolving the original anti Diaz party replaced by a new one led to the split with Vazquez Gomez. During the October elections the Vazquista rebellion created unrest in the northern states and attracted several ex-Maderista ''caudillos'' such as Emilio Campas and José Inés Salazar. After the election, the Vazquista rebellion continued and flared up in Chihuahua City in January 1912 against the Madero government. Toward the end of February that revolt spread to several places in the state. In early May, Vazquez Gomez proclaimed himself provisional president, with his capital in Juarez. But his "government" did not obtain much strong support and he was forced to leave the country for the US shortly thereafter. By the fall of 1912, the Vazquista movement had dissolved.

'''Magonistas''' 
Mexican anarchists, followers of brothers Enrique and Ricardo Flores Magón (1874-1922). During the [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/99winter/magonista.htm "Magonista" Revolt] of 1911, a short-lived revolutionary commune was set-up in Baja California. In present Mexico, the Flores Magon brothers are considered left wing political icons nearly as notable as Emiliano Zapata, and numerous streets, towns and neighborhoods are named for them.

==Page 983==

'''Morelos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morelos A state] in southern Mexico.

'''Emiliano Zapata had . . . begun a serious insurrection against the government''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata Emiliano Zapata] (1879-1919) was a leading figure in the 1910-11 Madero Revolution against the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Zapata's discontent with Madero started before the latter became the president. The Ciudad Juárez peace treaty of May 21, 1911 between the Maderistas and Porfirian force ending the military phase of the Madero revolution failed to mention land reforms at all; it turned over the power to an interim government not to the revolutionary forces, as if the fall of the Diaz government had been achieved through secret cabinet pressure according to existing laws not as a result of a revolution; furthermore, the treaty acknowledged the power of federal army and specified to disarmed and demobilized the revolutionary armed groups including Zapatistas. Vazquistas revolted as early as June against the interim government and Zapata openly did so in Morelos on November 25, 1911 against the Madero regime. The Zapatista armed insurrection was the longest-lasting of the rebellions of 1911, and would extend itself throughout Madero's term (1911-13) untill merging with the new insurrectional wave of 1913.

'''Pascual Orozco''' 
1882-1915, importer of armaments from U.S., maderista, revolted against Madero government in 1912. 
[http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/OO/for8.html Pascual Orozco,Jr.] (1882-1915) was a Mexican revolutionary hero and leader. In his early life he was a muleteer working for several large mining companies in the Chihuahua mountains. He soon involved in anti-Diaz activities in 1909 of purchaing arms and ammunition in the U.S. and taking them to Mexico on half of the Magónistas. After Madero called for armed uprising in October 1910 Orozco became the revolutionary chief in the District of Guerrero. On May 10, 1911, Orozco and Pancho Villa won a major military victory in the war against the Porfirian government by taking Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, which led to the signing of the Peace Treaty and the resignation of Diaz. However, for the reasons stated above (Zapata), Orozco announced his revolt against the Madero government on March 3, 1912 lending the anti-Madero movement instant credibility. The Orozquistas won a series of victories for the rest of the month, and the Battle of Rellano (pp. 984-985 of AtD) of March 23 was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign. Orozco and his followers was decisively defeated at the Second Battle of Rellano of May 22-23 by Victoriano Huerta, the new field commnader of Madero ''federales''. By the beginning of October, the Orozquista rebellion had ended and Orozco himself had crossed over to the U.S. acknowledging his defeat.

'''José Inés Salazar''' 
A longtime colleague of Pascual Orozco and later one of the leading Orozquista generals. In May 1909 he and Orozco smuggled arms from the U.S. to Mexico on behalf of the Magonistas. Later fought with Orozco against Madero.

'''Braulio Hernández''' 
A prominent Maderista but later became a radical Orozquista. [http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/library/bakerPhotos.htm Here] is a great set of photos capturing many of the Mexican revolutionary leaders (including Braulio Hernández) and a visual glimpse into the revolution.

'''Pancho Villa''' 
Christened [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancho_Villa Doroteo Arango Arámbula]. Pancho Villa (1878-1923) was one of the foremost leaders of the Mexican Revolution (1911-1920). His charisma and battle victories and his raid on Columbus, New Mexico, made him an idol of the masses and a folk hero. 
He spend his early years in the mountains in the Northern Mexico running from the law. He answered Madero's call for an armed uprising against the Diaz regime and helped defeat the federal army of Diaz in the first Battle of Ciudad Juáez of April-May 1911. At the beginning of Orozco's revolt Pancho Villa was still loyal to the Madero government and fought along with Victoriano Huerta against the Orozquistas. But after Huerta's murdering of Madero and usurpation of the power on February 22, 1913, Villa allied himself with Carranza and fought against Huerta. Villa's revolutionary aims (other than military goals), unlike those of Emiliano Zapata's, were never clearly defined. He was the provisional governor of Chihuahua (1913-14). His 1916 raid on Columbus, New Mexico, provoked the Punitive Expedition by General John Pershing. At this time Pancho Villa was fighting against Carranza until 1920 when the latter was assassinated. Pancho Villa himself, retired from revolutionary life in 1920, was gunned down in his car on July 20, 1923.

'''José Gonzáles Salas''' 
Maderista general in command against Orozco; replaced by Huerta, to Madero's later discomfiture.

'''the country around Jiménez . . .''' 
The region around Jiménez, a mining center in Chihuahua 130 miles south of Chihuahua City, is known for large number of meteorites, some of them discovered by the Spaniards in 16th and 17th centuries, and now exhibited in Palacio de Mineria (Minery Palace) in Mexico city.

'''Chupaderos''' 
There are two Chupaderos meteorites. Both were found in 1852 in the area around Jiménez. With a weight of 14.114 tons, Chupaderos I is ranked as the 10th largest meteorite in the world; and Chupaderos II with a weight of 6.767 tons ranked 14th. Photos of [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(1)-3.jpg Chupaderos I] and [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(II)-1.jpg Chupaderos II].

'''the Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
A small desert area east of Jiménez, the habitat of the Mexican Bolsón Tortoise, one of the four North American tortoise species. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B Alphabetical Index B] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_395 page 395].

==Page 984==

'''''máquina loca''''' 
crazy machine.

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Spanish: (ready) for your orders. In English one would say, "at your service."

'''One prong of the government attack . . . between Corralitos and Rellano . . .''' 
''The Battle of Rellano''. On March 23, 1912, in Rellano, an intermediate point between Torreón and Chihuahua, there was the formal battle between the Orozuistas and the Madero government forces, with a disatrous result for the ''federales''. Its commander, General José Gonzáles Salas, humiliated by the defeat, committed suicide during the retreat. The Battle of Rellano was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign.

'''''Andale, muchachos''''' 
Spanish: let's go, boys.

==Page 985==

'''Parral''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C_Chihuahua Parral] is where Pancho Villa was assassinated on July 20, 1923. Apparently someone remembered the sacking, dynamiting, looting, and killing.

==Page 986==

'''Victoriano Huerta''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: General Huerta]]. 
After the defeat at the Battle of Rellano (pp.984-985 AtD) on March 23, 1912, Madero appointed Victoriano Huerta, an able and competent professional soldier, head of the federal forces on April 1. On May 22-23 Huerta crushed the Orozquistas at the Second Battle of Rellano. This battle was the turning point in the campaign against Orozco. In five consecutive engagements Huerta drove the badly beaten Orozco crossed into the U.S. in September. As a man almost too bad to be true, he began laying plans for Madero's overthrow and the usurpation of presidential power, which he accomplished in ''la decena trágica'', the Ten Tragic Days, of February 1913 and thus earned himself a permanent spot in Mexico's hall of infamy.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V alpha index V] (page down to von Quassel) and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_588-614#Page_596 page 596]

'''Tampico''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637], where (and when) Frank first meets Günther.

'''Orizaba product''' 
One of the leading industries of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orizaba Orizaba] is the Cervecería Moctezuma brewery which was established in 1896.

'''Chiapas''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637]

==Page 987==

'''Oaxaca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca Wikipedia]

'''cafetal''' 
Spanish: coffee plantation.

'''jefe politico''' 
Spanish: political boss.

'''Juchitán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juchitan Juchitán]

'''Benito Juárez Maza''' 
Governor of Oaxaca from 1911 until his death the next year. He was the
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%25C3%25A1rez_Maza&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=7&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBenito%2BJu%25C3%25A1rez%2BMaza%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff son] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez Benito Juárez], the beloved President of Mexico for five different terms from 1858-1872 (so before Porfirio Díaz).

==Page 988==

'''chegomista''' 
Follower of Che Gómez, identified on page 987.

'''"El Reparador"''' 
Spanish: "The Fixer." Epithet of a hundred operators in crime literature. Or, as the text eventually suggests, "The Repairman."

'''Ibargüengoitia''' 
Speculation on this surname: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Ibarg%C3%BCengoitia Jorge Ibargüengoitia] was a novelist and playwright who wrote, among other things, Los Relámpagos de Agosto (The Lightning of August, 1964), which uses cartoonish mayhem to debunk the Mexican Revolution's heroic myths; improbably it won for its author the Premio Casa de las Américas, despite or because of the consternation which its flippancy caused.

'''Chapultepec Park''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapultepec Chapultepec] Park is an enormous green area in the middle of Mexico City covering 2,000 acres, containing three of the city's most importnat museums, an amusement park, several lakes, the only genuine castle in North America,, Mexico's largest zoo and the residence of the President of Mexico, Los Pinos. Chapultepec Castle is also known as "The Halls of Montezuma."

'''''Wie geht's, mein alter Kumpel''''' 
German: How are you, my old workmate?

==Page 989==

'''the new Monument to National Independence''' 
Mexico City's No.1 landmark. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_%C3%81ngel ''Monumento de la Independencia''], situated on a roundabout at the ''Paseo de la Reforma'' (Reform Avenue) in Mexico City's downtown area, was inaugurated in 1910. The sculptures that surround the base represent Law, Justice, War and Peace. On top of the monument is a winged and gilded angel, known as ''Angel de la Independencia'', or just ''El Angel''. See photo of 
[http://www.zanzig.com/travel/mexico-photos/m005-070.htm ''El Angel''].

'''''a face he recognized''''' 
Another angel modeled on Dally? El Angel was sculpted by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Alciati Enrique Alciati].

'''''"máquina loca," "muerte"'' and ''"tú"''''' 
Spanish: "crazy locomotive," "dead" and "you."

'''When his eyes refocused, whoever had spoken had moved on''' 
Frank has, at recognizing Dally's face, gone into the same kind of trance, a merger with the moment, or with the machine, that had almost taken him into the collision with the Federal train on P.985. The warning words seem to be "crazy machine", "dead" and "you". A warning from the Angel of Death, via another Alternate Communication channel.

:Why the Angel of Death rather than the Angel of Light?

'''''abrazo''''' 
hug

'''''sinvergüencistas''''' 
???

'''out of Vera Cruz, down to Frontera . . . to Villahermosa, Tuxtla Gutiérrez . . . and across the Sierra to the Pacific coast''' 
From Mexico City by land roughly 200 miles east to Veracruz on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, continued east 230 miles by sea to Frontera, a small town on the Gulf coast, turned south by land 20 miles to Villahermosa, the capital of Chiapas, continue 40 miles to Tuxtla Gutiérrez and came 80 miles over the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and reached the Pacific coast around Tapachula near the border with Guatemala.

'''''Tu madre chingada puta''''' 
Rude, rude Spanish: Your mother's a fucking whore.

==Page 990==

'''Machine-Age nightmare . . . the future of coffee''' 
Another Crazy Machine, or perhaps "Out of Control" machine (the governor on the locomotive on P.985 "no longer regulated anything"). Coffee is being industrialized, contributing to the ubiquity of outlets on P. 817, not to mention today, with overwhelming consequences for the indigenous growers.

'''Chamulan Indians''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzotzil_people Tzotzil] Maya.

'''San Cristóbal''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_las_Casas Wikipedia]

'''Tuxtla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxtla_Guti%C3%A9rrez Wikipedia]

'''Tapachula''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapachula Wikipedia]

'''El Quetzal Dormido''' 
The Sleeping [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzal Quetzal].

'''Melpómene''' 
Name of the Greek muse of tragedy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melpomene Wikipedia]

'''Palenque''' 
A Chiapas small town roughly 20 miles southeast of Villahermosa, 70 miles notheast of Tuxtla Gutiérrez. From 500 to 800 A.D. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palenque Palenque] was a major power in the Maya world. Today it remains shrouded in the mist of a tropical jungle and a significant archealogical site dominating by the ''Temple of the Inscription'' with the tomb of Lord Pacal, the ruler from 615-653 A.D. inside.

==Page 991==

'''''guayuleros''''' 
???

'''''cucuji''''' 
??? According to the text they are "giant luminous beetles."

'''''tinterillo''''' 
???

'''''Ahora, apágate''''' 
Spanish: Now put yourself out, extinguish yourself.

'''''Bueno''' 
Good.

==Page 992==

'''''instantaneously''''' 
In violation of Einstein's special theory of relativity. 
a wireless, immediate, human way of communicating.

'''''Caray . . . novio . . .''''' 
Good heavens . . . boyfriend . . .

'''Mazatán''' 
There's a map with Mazatán on this web [http://www.travelpost.com/NA/Mexico/Chiapas/Mazatan/7645531 page].

'''''Qué''''' 
What, as in "what the fuck?"

'''''querida''''' 
dear, darling

==Page 993==

'''It is like the telephone exchange . . . the single greater organism remains intact, coherent, connected.''' 
Actually not like the telephone exchange. On P. 708, Derrick Theign worries that in case of war, telephone and telegraph will become unreliable; this is his reason for creating the R.U.S.H. This telepathic network, like an unfailing cell phone network, is far more reliable.

'''Tenochtitlán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlán] was the capital of the Aztec empire, built on an island in Lake Texcoco in what is now the Federal District in central Mexico. At its height, Tenochtitlán was one of the largest cities in the world, with over 200,000 inhabitants. The city was destroyed in 1521 by Spanish conquistadors. Mexico City was erected on top of the ruin.

==Page 994==

'''He knew what it was but could not find its name in his memory''' 
Presumably the unknown menace from which Aztlan's inhabitants fled. But suggestive both of air attack and the menace of North American industrialization in 1900 and NAFTA in 2000.

'''tezontle''' 
The colonists and Indian artisans employed local [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-589541/tezontle tezontle], a light and porous volcanic rock, to create elaborate facades on buildings.

'''tepetate''' 
A porous whitish-yellow rock used in building construction when cut into blocks. As a construction material tepetate has played a major role in the development of modern Mexico.

'''indicative world''' 
Very potent phrase. The world of everyday reality, indicating the deepeer reality of the visions? The indicative mood in grammar is the mood of simple declarative statements, plain facts: there was Melpomene, here is a chair. A mood incommensurate with Frank's trance.

'''the Huerta coup''' 
Against Madero, who was shot, February 1913.

'''Decena Trágica''' 
Spanish: the tragic ten days.

'''Zócalo''' 
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zocalo zócalo] is a central town square or plaza.

==Page 995==

'''It was the first time he was aware of getting paid for being stupid. Could there be a future in this?''' 

Sounds like another Pynchonian 'in-joke'. In "Vineland", Zoyd Wheeler is getting his yearly cheques for precisely that, i.e. doing something stupid.

==Page 996==

'''''¡Epa!''''' 
Spanish: Whoa!

'''Since last September the mine workers' union had been out on strike''' 
The Colorado "coal war" of September 1913 to April 1914; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist.html here is an eye-opening account.]

==Page 997==

'''Pagosa Springs''' 
South Central Colorado town in the heart of the San Juan Forest.

==Page 998==

'''...over Wolf Creek Pass, into the San Luis Valley...San Luis Basin...through Fort Garland...up the Sangre de Cristos over North La Veta Pass...the first rooftops of Walsenburg.''' 
The route described would take them from the presumably UMW-sympathetic mining country in the San Juans, north and east along current US highway 160 (called the Navaho Trail), across the San Luis Valley and Basin to North La Veta Pass, with Walsenburg and the prairies and canyons of the coal country beyond to the east (the only safe approach to the striking mines).

The geography of this journey is as carefully described as the various characters' journeys through the Balkans (the description of the view of the Spanish Peaks and Culebra Range are absolutely accurate), and there must be a reason, something these regions have in common.

The San Luis Valley and immediately adjacent areas are the furthest northeastern reaches of the Spanish Empire in North America, part of the Province of Nueva Mexico del Norte of New Spain, later Mexico (part of which became the state of New Mexico in 1912). The area around Telluride would be the northern border of Pynchon's vision of Aztlan (it is in fact the northern border of the Pueblo settlements). These are, therefore, like the Balkans, borders between newly industrializing empires and older, tribally-organized, "pre-scientific" cultures (both with indigenous mystical/spiritual traditions, with which the characters interact). Here and in nearby Mexico, mechanization and industrialization of resource extraction are causing heartbreaking exploitation and violence, and the indigenous shamanism and mysticism and their unmediated power are being destroyed by advancing industrial civilization, exactly as described by Dwight Prance on P.777.

Niall Ferguson(''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'', Penguin Press, 2006) points to three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility (See note to P.939). Both the Balkans and the American Southwest/Mexico fulfilled those conditions.

==Page 999==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 976-999

2007-04-12T16:34:59Z

Bouleris: /* Page 994 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 976==

'''the coalfield troubles in southern Colorado''' 
The United Mine Workers called a stike in Colorado's coalfields north of Denver in 1910 winning a 10 percent wage increase for ten thousand Colorado miners. The union's real target was the larger southern coalfield. A state-wide coal strike was called in September 1913 and lasted 14 months resulted in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_massacre the Ludlow Massacre] of April 20, 1914, in which 20 people were killed.

'''the Madero revolution''' 
in 1910, out of Mexico, led by Madera. Ramifications felt in El Paso, where a Senate Committee investigated in 1912 and found Standard Oil partly responsible. 
Relevant?--a Mormon settlement was investigated as part of the investigation. 
[http://www.mexconnect.com/MEX/austin/revolution.html The Madero (Mexican) Revolution] was brought on by, among other factors, tremendous disagreement among the Mexican people over the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Madero was one of the strongest believers that Diaz should renounce his power and not seek re-election in 1910. He was jailed by Diaz but was able to escape on October 4, 1910, to the US. In San Antonio, Texas, he issued his Plan of San Luis Potosi proclaiming the 1910 election null and void and called for an armed revolution on November 20, 1910 against the "illegitimate" presidency of Diaz. Madero also promised agrarian land reforms to attract Mexico's peasants to his cause. The revolution spread, the Maderista troops, with Pancho Villa in the North and Emiliano Zapata in the South, defeated the army of Diaz within six months, and Diaz resigned on May 25, 1911. Francisco Madero was elected President on October 1, 1911 and assumed power on November 6.

==Page 977==

'''cross-gable''' 
Two perpendicular gable roofs; [http://www.roofingchildsplay.com/articles/the_gable_roof.php pic and more]

'''Baby Doe Tabor ... Haw Tabor''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=T alphabetical index T] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_273-295#Page_274 page 274]

'''I'm Going..Salome''' 
Stanley Murphy, lyricist, written before 1909. 
"I'm going to get myself a black Salome" 
Composer: Wynn, Ed 1886-1966
Lyrics: Big Bill Jefferson a railroad man (first line of text)
Contributors: Murphy, Stanley 1875-1919
Publication Date: 1908
For voice and piano.
Cover ill.: African American man watching a belly dancer. Photo of Ed. Wynn. [http://www.thehackley.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=d-000-00---0dplhacsm--00-0-0-0prompt-10---4---Document---0-1l--1-en-50---20-about---001-011-1-0utfZz-8-0&a=d&cl=CL6.15&d=HASH01fdd49fdb3579dd874ac2c1 link]

'''majolica''' 
A particular type of white colour glaze for earthenware ceramics that was known for its ability to mimic (poorly) historically expensive porcelain. Its name comes from the practice of importing it into Europe through the ports of the Balearic island Majorca from the Mid-east. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majolica Wikipedia]

==Page 978==

''''''Tá bien, no te preocupes, m'hija''''' 
Spanish: It's all right, don't trouble yourself, my dear.

'''Galluses''' 
a pair of suspenders for trousers. "Braces" in British English.

'''Czolgosz''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
Leon Frank Czolgosz (January 24, 1873 – October 29, 1901) was the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley. In the last few years of his short life he was heavily influenced by anarchists like Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Frank_Czolgosz From Wikipedia]

'''President McKinley''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
William McKinley, Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley from Wikipedia] McKinley as president placed the US on the gold standard (remember Dally and the poster for bimetallism).

'''One thousand Fast Lake Navigation, 158 Fast Express, and 206 Automobile Inverts''' 
[http://www.filbert.com/stamplistopedia/us_inverts/default.htm Here] is a page with images of the stamp. Also, an interesting little [http://www.topix.net/forum/hobbies/stamp-collecting/TAN9GV5A1E1LCSGDV online tidbit] which references this stamp with the inverted center to which this page refers.

These misprinted ("alternate") stamps, associated with Anarchism, and the philatelically-named Jenny Invert with her similar association to the Anarchist collective at Yz-le-Bans, inevitably call to mind the subtly altered stamps of the anarchist (or at any rate anti-government) Trystero in ''Lot 49'', postage in an alterntive, underground communication system.
We have, then, the theme of underground, alternative communication introduced again (the first time in AtD is with the London gas pipes).

==Page 979==

'''Hanna's miserable stooge''' 
Mark Hanna (September 24, 1837–February 15, 1904), born Marcus Alonzo Hanna, was an industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. He rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful Republican Presidential candidate William McKinley in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hanna From Wikipedia]. Obviously, the stooge refers to McKinley.

'''henriettia''' 
A fine diagonal twilled (ribbed) dress fabric made with silk warp (vertical threads) and fine worsted (firm-textured) weft (horizontal threads), which makes it resemble Cashmere cloth. 
Weave: Twill 
Characteristics: Originally consisted of worsted filling and silk warp. Today, it can be found in a variety of blends. It has excellent drapability. It's weight and quality vary with fibres, however, when created with silk and wool it is lustrous and soft.
Uses: Dress goods. Textile Dictionary

'''Œdipal''' 
From the myth of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus#Homer.27s_Oedipus Oedipus] Rex, about a returning son killing his father, rendered infamous through Freud's interpretation of its significance to men and rendered famous by the Sophocles plays in the 5th century B.C.

And perhaps a Pynchon in-joke of sorts. The protagonist of ''Lot 49'' is Oedipa Maas (it has been suggested: "More Oedipal"), also in trouble over stamps; in fact "Lot 49" refers to the auction lot of Trystero-altered stamps in the collection of Pierce Inverarity (it has been suggested: "Inverse Rarity"), for whose estate Oedipa is executor. A few pages from here the issue of alternate communication forms will be introduced; these references to the issues in ''Lot 49'' could serve to alert the experienced reader of Pynchon to their importance in AtD.

==Page 980==

==Page 981==

'''the one with the destiny''' 
Do we learn anything about this odd Oust child?

(Presumably Ewball?). No, this one is apparently a little child when Ewball is a grownup.

Maybe [[ATD_119-148#Page_140|a child born with a caul?]] It would not take much of a prophet to say that such a child has a destiny.

'''tintypes''' 
A cheap, common and durable form of black and white photographic image where a sensitised collodion is poured upon a thin sheet of soot blackened tin, exposed and developed. Often hand-coloured. The most notable practitioners and teachers of the process in the US are [http://www.collodion.org/ Mark Osterman and France Scully Osterman]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintype tintype wikipedia entry].

==Page 982==

'''the Madero Revolution had moved on''' 
Madero took office as president in November, 1911. However, he was no longer the universal and unquestioned leader he once had been. He turned his back on the forces that had brought him to power. His refusal to enact land reforms caused a break with Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) and other revolutionary leaders and losing much of his popular support gained during the revolution. The rural working class, who had supported Madero, now took up arms against him.

''' Many were rebelling in the name of disaffected ex-minister Emilio Vázquez''' 
Emilio Vázquez Gómez (1888-1913). An anti-Madero figure. 
With the collapse of Diaz regime in May 1911 an interim government was formed and a national election was called for in October the same year. Emilio Vazquez Gomez (1888-1913) was the Interior Minister of the interim government and a leader of an important wing of initial Maderista movement. He and his followers, wth the support of several revolutionary leaders, demand the immediate adopttion of the Plan de San Luis. Vazquistas began an open rebellion to dissolve the interim government and put Madero himself in the presidency before the upcoming election. The revolt, begun at the end of June, reached a new level on August 2, 1911 when Vazquez Gomez resigned as Interior Minister. Three weeks later Vazquista presented a plan in which the interim government was not to be recognized, the command of the revolution was to be handed over to Vazquez Gomez, large landholdings were to be broken up, etc. Madero's dissolving the original anti Diaz party replaced by a new one led to the split with Vazquez Gomez. During the October elections the Vazquista rebellion created unrest in the northern states and attracted several ex-Maderista ''caudillos'' such as Emilio Campas and José Inés Salazar. After the election, the Vazquista rebellion continued and flared up in Chihuahua City in January 1912 against the Madero government. Toward the end of February that revolt spread to several places in the state. In early May, Vazquez Gomez proclaimed himself provisional president, with his capital in Juarez. But his "government" did not obtain much strong support and he was forced to leave the country for the US shortly thereafter. By the fall of 1912, the Vazquista movement had dissolved.

'''Magonistas''' 
Mexican anarchists, followers of brothers Enrique and Ricardo Flores Magón (1874-1922). During the [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/99winter/magonista.htm "Magonista" Revolt] of 1911, a short-lived revolutionary commune was set-up in Baja California. In present Mexico, the Flores Magon brothers are considered left wing political icons nearly as notable as Emiliano Zapata, and numerous streets, towns and neighborhoods are named for them.

==Page 983==

'''Morelos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morelos A state] in southern Mexico.

'''Emiliano Zapata had . . . begun a serious insurrection against the government''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata Emiliano Zapata] (1879-1919) was a leading figure in the 1910-11 Madero Revolution against the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Zapata's discontent with Madero started before the latter became the president. The Ciudad Juárez peace treaty of May 21, 1911 between the Maderistas and Porfirian force ending the military phase of the Madero revolution failed to mention land reforms at all; it turned over the power to an interim government not to the revolutionary forces, as if the fall of the Diaz government had been achieved through secret cabinet pressure according to existing laws not as a result of a revolution; furthermore, the treaty acknowledged the power of federal army and specified to disarmed and demobilized the revolutionary armed groups including Zapatistas. Vazquistas revolted as early as June against the interim government and Zapata openly did so in Morelos on November 25, 1911 against the Madero regime. The Zapatista armed insurrection was the longest-lasting of the rebellions of 1911, and would extend itself throughout Madero's term (1911-13) untill merging with the new insurrectional wave of 1913.

'''Pascual Orozco''' 
1882-1915, importer of armaments from U.S., maderista, revolted against Madero government in 1912. 
[http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/OO/for8.html Pascual Orozco,Jr.] (1882-1915) was a Mexican revolutionary hero and leader. In his early life he was a muleteer working for several large mining companies in the Chihuahua mountains. He soon involved in anti-Diaz activities in 1909 of purchaing arms and ammunition in the U.S. and taking them to Mexico on half of the Magónistas. After Madero called for armed uprising in October 1910 Orozco became the revolutionary chief in the District of Guerrero. On May 10, 1911, Orozco and Pancho Villa won a major military victory in the war against the Porfirian government by taking Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, which led to the signing of the Peace Treaty and the resignation of Diaz. However, for the reasons stated above (Zapata), Orozco announced his revolt against the Madero government on March 3, 1912 lending the anti-Madero movement instant credibility. The Orozquistas won a series of victories for the rest of the month, and the Battle of Rellano (pp. 984-985 of AtD) of March 23 was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign. Orozco and his followers was decisively defeated at the Second Battle of Rellano of May 22-23 by Victoriano Huerta, the new field commnader of Madero ''federales''. By the beginning of October, the Orozquista rebellion had ended and Orozco himself had crossed over to the U.S. acknowledging his defeat.

'''José Inés Salazar''' 
A longtime colleague of Pascual Orozco and later one of the leading Orozquista generals. In May 1909 he and Orozco smuggled arms from the U.S. to Mexico on behalf of the Magonistas. Later fought with Orozco against Madero.

'''Braulio Hernández''' 
A prominent Maderista but later became a radical Orozquista. [http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/library/bakerPhotos.htm Here] is a great set of photos capturing many of the Mexican revolutionary leaders (including Braulio Hernández) and a visual glimpse into the revolution.

'''Pancho Villa''' 
Christened [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancho_Villa Doroteo Arango Arámbula]. Pancho Villa (1878-1923) was one of the foremost leaders of the Mexican Revolution (1911-1920). His charisma and battle victories and his raid on Columbus, New Mexico, made him an idol of the masses and a folk hero. 
He spend his early years in the mountains in the Northern Mexico running from the law. He answered Madero's call for an armed uprising against the Diaz regime and helped defeat the federal army of Diaz in the first Battle of Ciudad Juáez of April-May 1911. At the beginning of Orozco's revolt Pancho Villa was still loyal to the Madero government and fought along with Victoriano Huerta against the Orozquistas. But after Huerta's murdering of Madero and usurpation of the power on February 22, 1913, Villa allied himself with Carranza and fought against Huerta. Villa's revolutionary aims (other than military goals), unlike those of Emiliano Zapata's, were never clearly defined. He was the provisional governor of Chihuahua (1913-14). His 1916 raid on Columbus, New Mexico, provoked the Punitive Expedition by General John Pershing. At this time Pancho Villa was fighting against Carranza until 1920 when the latter was assassinated. Pancho Villa himself, retired from revolutionary life in 1920, was gunned down in his car on July 20, 1923.

'''José Gonzáles Salas''' 
Maderista general in command against Orozco; replaced by Huerta, to Madero's later discomfiture.

'''the country around Jiménez . . .''' 
The region around Jiménez, a mining center in Chihuahua 130 miles south of Chihuahua City, is known for large number of meteorites, some of them discovered by the Spaniards in 16th and 17th centuries, and now exhibited in Palacio de Mineria (Minery Palace) in Mexico city.

'''Chupaderos''' 
There are two Chupaderos meteorites. Both were found in 1852 in the area around Jiménez. With a weight of 14.114 tons, Chupaderos I is ranked as the 10th largest meteorite in the world; and Chupaderos II with a weight of 6.767 tons ranked 14th. Photos of [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(1)-3.jpg Chupaderos I] and [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(II)-1.jpg Chupaderos II].

'''the Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
A small desert area east of Jiménez, the habitat of the Mexican Bolsón Tortoise, one of the four North American tortoise species. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B Alphabetical Index B] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_395 page 395].

==Page 984==

'''''máquina loca''''' 
crazy machine.

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Spanish: (ready) for your orders. In English one would say, "at your service."

'''One prong of the government attack . . . between Corralitos and Rellano . . .''' 
''The Battle of Rellano''. On March 23, 1912, in Rellano, an intermediate point between Torreón and Chihuahua, there was the formal battle between the Orozuistas and the Madero government forces, with a disatrous result for the ''federales''. Its commander, General José Gonzáles Salas, humiliated by the defeat, committed suicide during the retreat. The Battle of Rellano was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign.

'''''Andale, muchachos''''' 
Spanish: let's go, boys.

==Page 985==

'''Parral''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C_Chihuahua Parral] is where Pancho Villa was assassinated on July 20, 1923. Apparently someone remembered the sacking, dynamiting, looting, and killing.

==Page 986==

'''Victoriano Huerta''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: General Huerta]]. 
After the defeat at the Battle of Rellano (pp.984-985 AtD) on March 23, 1912, Madero appointed Victoriano Huerta, an able and competent professional soldier, head of the federal forces on April 1. On May 22-23 Huerta crushed the Orozquistas at the Second Battle of Rellano. This battle was the turning point in the campaign against Orozco. In five consecutive engagements Huerta drove the badly beaten Orozco crossed into the U.S. in September. As a man almost too bad to be true, he began laying plans for Madero's overthrow and the usurpation of presidential power, which he accomplished in ''la decena trágica'', the Ten Tragic Days, of February 1913 and thus earned himself a permanent spot in Mexico's hall of infamy.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V alpha index V] (page down to von Quassel) and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_588-614#Page_596 page 596]

'''Tampico''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637], where (and when) Frank first meets Günther.

'''Orizaba product''' 
One of the leading industries of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orizaba Orizaba] is the Cervecería Moctezuma brewery which was established in 1896.

'''Chiapas''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637]

==Page 987==

'''Oaxaca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca Wikipedia]

'''cafetal''' 
Spanish: coffee plantation.

'''jefe politico''' 
Spanish: political boss.

'''Juchitán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juchitan Juchitán]

'''Benito Juárez Maza''' 
Governor of Oaxaca from 1911 until his death the next year. He was the
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%25C3%25A1rez_Maza&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=7&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBenito%2BJu%25C3%25A1rez%2BMaza%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff son] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez Benito Juárez], the beloved President of Mexico for five different terms from 1858-1872 (so before Porfirio Díaz).

==Page 988==

'''chegomista''' 
Follower of Che Gómez, identified on page 987.

'''"El Reparador"''' 
Spanish: "The Fixer." Epithet of a hundred operators in crime literature. Or, as the text eventually suggests, "The Repairman."

'''Ibargüengoitia''' 
Speculation on this surname: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Ibarg%C3%BCengoitia Jorge Ibargüengoitia] was a novelist and playwright who wrote, among other things, Los Relámpagos de Agosto (The Lightning of August, 1964), which uses cartoonish mayhem to debunk the Mexican Revolution's heroic myths; improbably it won for its author the Premio Casa de las Américas, despite or because of the consternation which its flippancy caused.

'''Chapultepec Park''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapultepec Chapultepec] Park is an enormous green area in the middle of Mexico City covering 2,000 acres, containing three of the city's most importnat museums, an amusement park, several lakes, the only genuine castle in North America,, Mexico's largest zoo and the residence of the President of Mexico, Los Pinos. Chapultepec Castle is also known as "The Halls of Montezuma."

'''''Wie geht's, mein alter Kumpel''''' 
German: How are you, my old workmate?

==Page 989==

'''the new Monument to National Independence''' 
Mexico City's No.1 landmark. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_%C3%81ngel ''Monumento de la Independencia''], situated on a roundabout at the ''Paseo de la Reforma'' (Reform Avenue) in Mexico City's downtown area, was inaugurated in 1910. The sculptures that surround the base represent Law, Justice, War and Peace. On top of the monument is a winged and gilded angel, known as ''Angel de la Independencia'', or just ''El Angel''. See photo of 
[http://www.zanzig.com/travel/mexico-photos/m005-070.htm ''El Angel''].

'''''a face he recognized''''' 
Another angel modeled on Dally? El Angel was sculpted by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Alciati Enrique Alciati].

'''''"máquina loca," "muerte"'' and ''"tú"''''' 
Spanish: "crazy locomotive," "dead" and "you."

'''When his eyes refocused, whoever had spoken had moved on''' 
Frank has, at recognizing Dally's face, gone into the same kind of trance, a merger with the moment, or with the machine, that had almost taken him into the collision with the Federal train on P.985. The warning words seem to be "crazy machine", "dead" and "you". A warning from the Angel of Death, via another Alternate Communication channel.

:Why the Angel of Death rather than the Angel of Light?

'''''abrazo''''' 
hug

'''''sinvergüencistas''''' 
???

'''out of Vera Cruz, down to Frontera . . . to Villahermosa, Tuxtla Gutiérrez . . . and across the Sierra to the Pacific coast''' 
From Mexico City by land roughly 200 miles east to Veracruz on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, continued east 230 miles by sea to Frontera, a small town on the Gulf coast, turned south by land 20 miles to Villahermosa, the capital of Chiapas, continue 40 miles to Tuxtla Gutiérrez and came 80 miles over the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and reached the Pacific coast around Tapachula near the border with Guatemala.

'''''Tu madre chingada puta''''' 
Rude, rude Spanish: Your mother's a fucking whore.

==Page 990==

'''Machine-Age nightmare . . . the future of coffee''' 
Another Crazy Machine, or perhaps "Out of Control" machine (the governor on the locomotive on P.985 "no longer regulated anything"). Coffee is being industrialized, contributing to the ubiquity of outlets on P. 817, not to mention today, with overwhelming consequences for the indigenous growers.

'''Chamulan Indians''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzotzil_people Tzotzil] Maya.

'''San Cristóbal''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_las_Casas Wikipedia]

'''Tuxtla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxtla_Guti%C3%A9rrez Wikipedia]

'''Tapachula''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapachula Wikipedia]

'''El Quetzal Dormido''' 
The Sleeping [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzal Quetzal].

'''Melpómene''' 
Name of the Greek muse of tragedy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melpomene Wikipedia]

'''Palenque''' 
A Chiapas small town roughly 20 miles southeast of Villahermosa, 70 miles notheast of Tuxtla Gutiérrez. From 500 to 800 A.D. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palenque Palenque] was a major power in the Maya world. Today it remains shrouded in the mist of a tropical jungle and a significant archealogical site dominating by the ''Temple of the Inscription'' with the tomb of Lord Pacal, the ruler from 615-653 A.D. inside.

==Page 991==

'''''guayuleros''''' 
???

'''''cucuji''''' 
??? According to the text they are "giant luminous beetles."

'''''tinterillo''''' 
???

'''''Ahora, apágate''''' 
Spanish: Now put yourself out, extinguish yourself.

'''''Bueno''' 
Good.

==Page 992==

'''''instantaneously''''' 
In violation of Einstein's special theory of relativity. 
a wireless, immediate, human way of communicating.

'''''Caray . . . novio . . .''''' 
Good heavens . . . boyfriend . . .

'''Mazatán''' 
There's a map with Mazatán on this web [http://www.travelpost.com/NA/Mexico/Chiapas/Mazatan/7645531 page].

'''''Qué''''' 
What, as in "what the fuck?"

'''''querida''''' 
dear, darling

==Page 993==

'''It is like the telephone exchange . . . the single greater organism remains intact, coherent, connected.''' 
Actually not like the telephone exchange. On P. 708, Derrick Theign worries that in case of war, telephone and telegraph will become unreliable; this is his reason for creating the R.U.S.H. This telepathic network, like an unfailing cell phone network, is far more reliable.

'''Tenochtitlán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlán] was the capital of the Aztec empire, built on an island in Lake Texcoco in what is now the Federal District in central Mexico. At its height, Tenochtitlán was one of the largest cities in the world, with over 200,000 inhabitants. The city was destroyed in 1521 by Spanish conquistadors. Mexico City was erected on top of the ruin.

==Page 994==

'''He knew what it was but could not find its name in his memory''' 
Presumably the unknown menace from which Aztlan's inhabitants fled. But suggestive both of air attack and the menace of North American industrialization in 1900 and NAFTA in 2000.

'''tezontle''' 
The colonists and Indian artisans employed local [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-589541/tezontle tezontle], a light and porous volcanic rock, to create elaborate facades on buildings.

'''tepetate''' 
A porous whitish-yellow rock used in building construction when cut into blocks. As a construction material tepetate has played a major role in the development of modern Mexico.

'''indicative world''' 
Very potent phrase. The world of everyday reality, indicating the deepeer reality of the visions? The indicative mood in grammar is the mood of simple declarative statements, plain facts: there was Melpomene, here is a chair. A mood incommensurate with Frank's trance.

'''the Huerta coup''' 
Against Madero, who was shot, February 1913.

'''Decena Trágica''' 
Spanish: the tragic ten days.

==Page 995==

'''It was the first time he was aware of getting paid for being stupid. Could there be a future in this?''' 

Sounds like another Pynchonian 'in-joke'. In "Vineland", Zoyd Wheeler is getting his yearly cheques for precisely that, i.e. doing something stupid.

==Page 996==

'''''¡Epa!''''' 
Spanish: Whoa!

'''Since last September the mine workers' union had been out on strike''' 
The Colorado "coal war" of September 1913 to April 1914; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist.html here is an eye-opening account.]

==Page 997==

'''Pagosa Springs''' 
South Central Colorado town in the heart of the San Juan Forest.

==Page 998==

'''...over Wolf Creek Pass, into the San Luis Valley...San Luis Basin...through Fort Garland...up the Sangre de Cristos over North La Veta Pass...the first rooftops of Walsenburg.''' 
The route described would take them from the presumably UMW-sympathetic mining country in the San Juans, north and east along current US highway 160 (called the Navaho Trail), across the San Luis Valley and Basin to North La Veta Pass, with Walsenburg and the prairies and canyons of the coal country beyond to the east (the only safe approach to the striking mines).

The geography of this journey is as carefully described as the various characters' journeys through the Balkans (the description of the view of the Spanish Peaks and Culebra Range are absolutely accurate), and there must be a reason, something these regions have in common.

The San Luis Valley and immediately adjacent areas are the furthest northeastern reaches of the Spanish Empire in North America, part of the Province of Nueva Mexico del Norte of New Spain, later Mexico (part of which became the state of New Mexico in 1912). The area around Telluride would be the northern border of Pynchon's vision of Aztlan (it is in fact the northern border of the Pueblo settlements). These are, therefore, like the Balkans, borders between newly industrializing empires and older, tribally-organized, "pre-scientific" cultures (both with indigenous mystical/spiritual traditions, with which the characters interact). Here and in nearby Mexico, mechanization and industrialization of resource extraction are causing heartbreaking exploitation and violence, and the indigenous shamanism and mysticism and their unmediated power are being destroyed by advancing industrial civilization, exactly as described by Dwight Prance on P.777.

Niall Ferguson(''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'', Penguin Press, 2006) points to three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility (See note to P.939). Both the Balkans and the American Southwest/Mexico fulfilled those conditions.

==Page 999==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 976-999

2007-04-12T16:23:28Z

Bouleris: /* Page 994 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 976==

'''the coalfield troubles in southern Colorado''' 
The United Mine Workers called a stike in Colorado's coalfields north of Denver in 1910 winning a 10 percent wage increase for ten thousand Colorado miners. The union's real target was the larger southern coalfield. A state-wide coal strike was called in September 1913 and lasted 14 months resulted in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_massacre the Ludlow Massacre] of April 20, 1914, in which 20 people were killed.

'''the Madero revolution''' 
in 1910, out of Mexico, led by Madera. Ramifications felt in El Paso, where a Senate Committee investigated in 1912 and found Standard Oil partly responsible. 
Relevant?--a Mormon settlement was investigated as part of the investigation. 
[http://www.mexconnect.com/MEX/austin/revolution.html The Madero (Mexican) Revolution] was brought on by, among other factors, tremendous disagreement among the Mexican people over the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Madero was one of the strongest believers that Diaz should renounce his power and not seek re-election in 1910. He was jailed by Diaz but was able to escape on October 4, 1910, to the US. In San Antonio, Texas, he issued his Plan of San Luis Potosi proclaiming the 1910 election null and void and called for an armed revolution on November 20, 1910 against the "illegitimate" presidency of Diaz. Madero also promised agrarian land reforms to attract Mexico's peasants to his cause. The revolution spread, the Maderista troops, with Pancho Villa in the North and Emiliano Zapata in the South, defeated the army of Diaz within six months, and Diaz resigned on May 25, 1911. Francisco Madero was elected President on October 1, 1911 and assumed power on November 6.

==Page 977==

'''cross-gable''' 
Two perpendicular gable roofs; [http://www.roofingchildsplay.com/articles/the_gable_roof.php pic and more]

'''Baby Doe Tabor ... Haw Tabor''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=T alphabetical index T] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_273-295#Page_274 page 274]

'''I'm Going..Salome''' 
Stanley Murphy, lyricist, written before 1909. 
"I'm going to get myself a black Salome" 
Composer: Wynn, Ed 1886-1966
Lyrics: Big Bill Jefferson a railroad man (first line of text)
Contributors: Murphy, Stanley 1875-1919
Publication Date: 1908
For voice and piano.
Cover ill.: African American man watching a belly dancer. Photo of Ed. Wynn. [http://www.thehackley.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=d-000-00---0dplhacsm--00-0-0-0prompt-10---4---Document---0-1l--1-en-50---20-about---001-011-1-0utfZz-8-0&a=d&cl=CL6.15&d=HASH01fdd49fdb3579dd874ac2c1 link]

'''majolica''' 
A particular type of white colour glaze for earthenware ceramics that was known for its ability to mimic (poorly) historically expensive porcelain. Its name comes from the practice of importing it into Europe through the ports of the Balearic island Majorca from the Mid-east. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majolica Wikipedia]

==Page 978==

''''''Tá bien, no te preocupes, m'hija''''' 
Spanish: It's all right, don't trouble yourself, my dear.

'''Galluses''' 
a pair of suspenders for trousers. "Braces" in British English.

'''Czolgosz''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
Leon Frank Czolgosz (January 24, 1873 – October 29, 1901) was the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley. In the last few years of his short life he was heavily influenced by anarchists like Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Frank_Czolgosz From Wikipedia]

'''President McKinley''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
William McKinley, Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley from Wikipedia] McKinley as president placed the US on the gold standard (remember Dally and the poster for bimetallism).

'''One thousand Fast Lake Navigation, 158 Fast Express, and 206 Automobile Inverts''' 
[http://www.filbert.com/stamplistopedia/us_inverts/default.htm Here] is a page with images of the stamp. Also, an interesting little [http://www.topix.net/forum/hobbies/stamp-collecting/TAN9GV5A1E1LCSGDV online tidbit] which references this stamp with the inverted center to which this page refers.

These misprinted ("alternate") stamps, associated with Anarchism, and the philatelically-named Jenny Invert with her similar association to the Anarchist collective at Yz-le-Bans, inevitably call to mind the subtly altered stamps of the anarchist (or at any rate anti-government) Trystero in ''Lot 49'', postage in an alterntive, underground communication system.
We have, then, the theme of underground, alternative communication introduced again (the first time in AtD is with the London gas pipes).

==Page 979==

'''Hanna's miserable stooge''' 
Mark Hanna (September 24, 1837–February 15, 1904), born Marcus Alonzo Hanna, was an industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. He rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful Republican Presidential candidate William McKinley in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hanna From Wikipedia]. Obviously, the stooge refers to McKinley.

'''henriettia''' 
A fine diagonal twilled (ribbed) dress fabric made with silk warp (vertical threads) and fine worsted (firm-textured) weft (horizontal threads), which makes it resemble Cashmere cloth. 
Weave: Twill 
Characteristics: Originally consisted of worsted filling and silk warp. Today, it can be found in a variety of blends. It has excellent drapability. It's weight and quality vary with fibres, however, when created with silk and wool it is lustrous and soft.
Uses: Dress goods. Textile Dictionary

'''Œdipal''' 
From the myth of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus#Homer.27s_Oedipus Oedipus] Rex, about a returning son killing his father, rendered infamous through Freud's interpretation of its significance to men and rendered famous by the Sophocles plays in the 5th century B.C.

And perhaps a Pynchon in-joke of sorts. The protagonist of ''Lot 49'' is Oedipa Maas (it has been suggested: "More Oedipal"), also in trouble over stamps; in fact "Lot 49" refers to the auction lot of Trystero-altered stamps in the collection of Pierce Inverarity (it has been suggested: "Inverse Rarity"), for whose estate Oedipa is executor. A few pages from here the issue of alternate communication forms will be introduced; these references to the issues in ''Lot 49'' could serve to alert the experienced reader of Pynchon to their importance in AtD.

==Page 980==

==Page 981==

'''the one with the destiny''' 
Do we learn anything about this odd Oust child?

(Presumably Ewball?). No, this one is apparently a little child when Ewball is a grownup.

Maybe [[ATD_119-148#Page_140|a child born with a caul?]] It would not take much of a prophet to say that such a child has a destiny.

'''tintypes''' 
A cheap, common and durable form of black and white photographic image where a sensitised collodion is poured upon a thin sheet of soot blackened tin, exposed and developed. Often hand-coloured. The most notable practitioners and teachers of the process in the US are [http://www.collodion.org/ Mark Osterman and France Scully Osterman]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintype tintype wikipedia entry].

==Page 982==

'''the Madero Revolution had moved on''' 
Madero took office as president in November, 1911. However, he was no longer the universal and unquestioned leader he once had been. He turned his back on the forces that had brought him to power. His refusal to enact land reforms caused a break with Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) and other revolutionary leaders and losing much of his popular support gained during the revolution. The rural working class, who had supported Madero, now took up arms against him.

''' Many were rebelling in the name of disaffected ex-minister Emilio Vázquez''' 
Emilio Vázquez Gómez (1888-1913). An anti-Madero figure. 
With the collapse of Diaz regime in May 1911 an interim government was formed and a national election was called for in October the same year. Emilio Vazquez Gomez (1888-1913) was the Interior Minister of the interim government and a leader of an important wing of initial Maderista movement. He and his followers, wth the support of several revolutionary leaders, demand the immediate adopttion of the Plan de San Luis. Vazquistas began an open rebellion to dissolve the interim government and put Madero himself in the presidency before the upcoming election. The revolt, begun at the end of June, reached a new level on August 2, 1911 when Vazquez Gomez resigned as Interior Minister. Three weeks later Vazquista presented a plan in which the interim government was not to be recognized, the command of the revolution was to be handed over to Vazquez Gomez, large landholdings were to be broken up, etc. Madero's dissolving the original anti Diaz party replaced by a new one led to the split with Vazquez Gomez. During the October elections the Vazquista rebellion created unrest in the northern states and attracted several ex-Maderista ''caudillos'' such as Emilio Campas and José Inés Salazar. After the election, the Vazquista rebellion continued and flared up in Chihuahua City in January 1912 against the Madero government. Toward the end of February that revolt spread to several places in the state. In early May, Vazquez Gomez proclaimed himself provisional president, with his capital in Juarez. But his "government" did not obtain much strong support and he was forced to leave the country for the US shortly thereafter. By the fall of 1912, the Vazquista movement had dissolved.

'''Magonistas''' 
Mexican anarchists, followers of brothers Enrique and Ricardo Flores Magón (1874-1922). During the [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/99winter/magonista.htm "Magonista" Revolt] of 1911, a short-lived revolutionary commune was set-up in Baja California. In present Mexico, the Flores Magon brothers are considered left wing political icons nearly as notable as Emiliano Zapata, and numerous streets, towns and neighborhoods are named for them.

==Page 983==

'''Morelos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morelos A state] in southern Mexico.

'''Emiliano Zapata had . . . begun a serious insurrection against the government''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata Emiliano Zapata] (1879-1919) was a leading figure in the 1910-11 Madero Revolution against the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Zapata's discontent with Madero started before the latter became the president. The Ciudad Juárez peace treaty of May 21, 1911 between the Maderistas and Porfirian force ending the military phase of the Madero revolution failed to mention land reforms at all; it turned over the power to an interim government not to the revolutionary forces, as if the fall of the Diaz government had been achieved through secret cabinet pressure according to existing laws not as a result of a revolution; furthermore, the treaty acknowledged the power of federal army and specified to disarmed and demobilized the revolutionary armed groups including Zapatistas. Vazquistas revolted as early as June against the interim government and Zapata openly did so in Morelos on November 25, 1911 against the Madero regime. The Zapatista armed insurrection was the longest-lasting of the rebellions of 1911, and would extend itself throughout Madero's term (1911-13) untill merging with the new insurrectional wave of 1913.

'''Pascual Orozco''' 
1882-1915, importer of armaments from U.S., maderista, revolted against Madero government in 1912. 
[http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/OO/for8.html Pascual Orozco,Jr.] (1882-1915) was a Mexican revolutionary hero and leader. In his early life he was a muleteer working for several large mining companies in the Chihuahua mountains. He soon involved in anti-Diaz activities in 1909 of purchaing arms and ammunition in the U.S. and taking them to Mexico on half of the Magónistas. After Madero called for armed uprising in October 1910 Orozco became the revolutionary chief in the District of Guerrero. On May 10, 1911, Orozco and Pancho Villa won a major military victory in the war against the Porfirian government by taking Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, which led to the signing of the Peace Treaty and the resignation of Diaz. However, for the reasons stated above (Zapata), Orozco announced his revolt against the Madero government on March 3, 1912 lending the anti-Madero movement instant credibility. The Orozquistas won a series of victories for the rest of the month, and the Battle of Rellano (pp. 984-985 of AtD) of March 23 was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign. Orozco and his followers was decisively defeated at the Second Battle of Rellano of May 22-23 by Victoriano Huerta, the new field commnader of Madero ''federales''. By the beginning of October, the Orozquista rebellion had ended and Orozco himself had crossed over to the U.S. acknowledging his defeat.

'''José Inés Salazar''' 
A longtime colleague of Pascual Orozco and later one of the leading Orozquista generals. In May 1909 he and Orozco smuggled arms from the U.S. to Mexico on behalf of the Magonistas. Later fought with Orozco against Madero.

'''Braulio Hernández''' 
A prominent Maderista but later became a radical Orozquista. [http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/library/bakerPhotos.htm Here] is a great set of photos capturing many of the Mexican revolutionary leaders (including Braulio Hernández) and a visual glimpse into the revolution.

'''Pancho Villa''' 
Christened [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancho_Villa Doroteo Arango Arámbula]. Pancho Villa (1878-1923) was one of the foremost leaders of the Mexican Revolution (1911-1920). His charisma and battle victories and his raid on Columbus, New Mexico, made him an idol of the masses and a folk hero. 
He spend his early years in the mountains in the Northern Mexico running from the law. He answered Madero's call for an armed uprising against the Diaz regime and helped defeat the federal army of Diaz in the first Battle of Ciudad Juáez of April-May 1911. At the beginning of Orozco's revolt Pancho Villa was still loyal to the Madero government and fought along with Victoriano Huerta against the Orozquistas. But after Huerta's murdering of Madero and usurpation of the power on February 22, 1913, Villa allied himself with Carranza and fought against Huerta. Villa's revolutionary aims (other than military goals), unlike those of Emiliano Zapata's, were never clearly defined. He was the provisional governor of Chihuahua (1913-14). His 1916 raid on Columbus, New Mexico, provoked the Punitive Expedition by General John Pershing. At this time Pancho Villa was fighting against Carranza until 1920 when the latter was assassinated. Pancho Villa himself, retired from revolutionary life in 1920, was gunned down in his car on July 20, 1923.

'''José Gonzáles Salas''' 
Maderista general in command against Orozco; replaced by Huerta, to Madero's later discomfiture.

'''the country around Jiménez . . .''' 
The region around Jiménez, a mining center in Chihuahua 130 miles south of Chihuahua City, is known for large number of meteorites, some of them discovered by the Spaniards in 16th and 17th centuries, and now exhibited in Palacio de Mineria (Minery Palace) in Mexico city.

'''Chupaderos''' 
There are two Chupaderos meteorites. Both were found in 1852 in the area around Jiménez. With a weight of 14.114 tons, Chupaderos I is ranked as the 10th largest meteorite in the world; and Chupaderos II with a weight of 6.767 tons ranked 14th. Photos of [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(1)-3.jpg Chupaderos I] and [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(II)-1.jpg Chupaderos II].

'''the Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
A small desert area east of Jiménez, the habitat of the Mexican Bolsón Tortoise, one of the four North American tortoise species. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B Alphabetical Index B] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_395 page 395].

==Page 984==

'''''máquina loca''''' 
crazy machine.

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Spanish: (ready) for your orders. In English one would say, "at your service."

'''One prong of the government attack . . . between Corralitos and Rellano . . .''' 
''The Battle of Rellano''. On March 23, 1912, in Rellano, an intermediate point between Torreón and Chihuahua, there was the formal battle between the Orozuistas and the Madero government forces, with a disatrous result for the ''federales''. Its commander, General José Gonzáles Salas, humiliated by the defeat, committed suicide during the retreat. The Battle of Rellano was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign.

'''''Andale, muchachos''''' 
Spanish: let's go, boys.

==Page 985==

'''Parral''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C_Chihuahua Parral] is where Pancho Villa was assassinated on July 20, 1923. Apparently someone remembered the sacking, dynamiting, looting, and killing.

==Page 986==

'''Victoriano Huerta''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: General Huerta]]. 
After the defeat at the Battle of Rellano (pp.984-985 AtD) on March 23, 1912, Madero appointed Victoriano Huerta, an able and competent professional soldier, head of the federal forces on April 1. On May 22-23 Huerta crushed the Orozquistas at the Second Battle of Rellano. This battle was the turning point in the campaign against Orozco. In five consecutive engagements Huerta drove the badly beaten Orozco crossed into the U.S. in September. As a man almost too bad to be true, he began laying plans for Madero's overthrow and the usurpation of presidential power, which he accomplished in ''la decena trágica'', the Ten Tragic Days, of February 1913 and thus earned himself a permanent spot in Mexico's hall of infamy.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V alpha index V] (page down to von Quassel) and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_588-614#Page_596 page 596]

'''Tampico''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637], where (and when) Frank first meets Günther.

'''Orizaba product''' 
One of the leading industries of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orizaba Orizaba] is the Cervecería Moctezuma brewery which was established in 1896.

'''Chiapas''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637]

==Page 987==

'''Oaxaca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca Wikipedia]

'''cafetal''' 
Spanish: coffee plantation.

'''jefe politico''' 
Spanish: political boss.

'''Juchitán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juchitan Juchitán]

'''Benito Juárez Maza''' 
Governor of Oaxaca from 1911 until his death the next year. He was the
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%25C3%25A1rez_Maza&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=7&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBenito%2BJu%25C3%25A1rez%2BMaza%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff son] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez Benito Juárez], the beloved President of Mexico for five different terms from 1858-1872 (so before Porfirio Díaz).

==Page 988==

'''chegomista''' 
Follower of Che Gómez, identified on page 987.

'''"El Reparador"''' 
Spanish: "The Fixer." Epithet of a hundred operators in crime literature. Or, as the text eventually suggests, "The Repairman."

'''Ibargüengoitia''' 
Speculation on this surname: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Ibarg%C3%BCengoitia Jorge Ibargüengoitia] was a novelist and playwright who wrote, among other things, Los Relámpagos de Agosto (The Lightning of August, 1964), which uses cartoonish mayhem to debunk the Mexican Revolution's heroic myths; improbably it won for its author the Premio Casa de las Américas, despite or because of the consternation which its flippancy caused.

'''Chapultepec Park''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapultepec Chapultepec] Park is an enormous green area in the middle of Mexico City covering 2,000 acres, containing three of the city's most importnat museums, an amusement park, several lakes, the only genuine castle in North America,, Mexico's largest zoo and the residence of the President of Mexico, Los Pinos. Chapultepec Castle is also known as "The Halls of Montezuma."

'''''Wie geht's, mein alter Kumpel''''' 
German: How are you, my old workmate?

==Page 989==

'''the new Monument to National Independence''' 
Mexico City's No.1 landmark. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_%C3%81ngel ''Monumento de la Independencia''], situated on a roundabout at the ''Paseo de la Reforma'' (Reform Avenue) in Mexico City's downtown area, was inaugurated in 1910. The sculptures that surround the base represent Law, Justice, War and Peace. On top of the monument is a winged and gilded angel, known as ''Angel de la Independencia'', or just ''El Angel''. See photo of 
[http://www.zanzig.com/travel/mexico-photos/m005-070.htm ''El Angel''].

'''''a face he recognized''''' 
Another angel modeled on Dally? El Angel was sculpted by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Alciati Enrique Alciati].

'''''"máquina loca," "muerte"'' and ''"tú"''''' 
Spanish: "crazy locomotive," "dead" and "you."

'''When his eyes refocused, whoever had spoken had moved on''' 
Frank has, at recognizing Dally's face, gone into the same kind of trance, a merger with the moment, or with the machine, that had almost taken him into the collision with the Federal train on P.985. The warning words seem to be "crazy machine", "dead" and "you". A warning from the Angel of Death, via another Alternate Communication channel.

:Why the Angel of Death rather than the Angel of Light?

'''''abrazo''''' 
hug

'''''sinvergüencistas''''' 
???

'''out of Vera Cruz, down to Frontera . . . to Villahermosa, Tuxtla Gutiérrez . . . and across the Sierra to the Pacific coast''' 
From Mexico City by land roughly 200 miles east to Veracruz on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, continued east 230 miles by sea to Frontera, a small town on the Gulf coast, turned south by land 20 miles to Villahermosa, the capital of Chiapas, continue 40 miles to Tuxtla Gutiérrez and came 80 miles over the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and reached the Pacific coast around Tapachula near the border with Guatemala.

'''''Tu madre chingada puta''''' 
Rude, rude Spanish: Your mother's a fucking whore.

==Page 990==

'''Machine-Age nightmare . . . the future of coffee''' 
Another Crazy Machine, or perhaps "Out of Control" machine (the governor on the locomotive on P.985 "no longer regulated anything"). Coffee is being industrialized, contributing to the ubiquity of outlets on P. 817, not to mention today, with overwhelming consequences for the indigenous growers.

'''Chamulan Indians''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzotzil_people Tzotzil] Maya.

'''San Cristóbal''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_las_Casas Wikipedia]

'''Tuxtla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxtla_Guti%C3%A9rrez Wikipedia]

'''Tapachula''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapachula Wikipedia]

'''El Quetzal Dormido''' 
The Sleeping [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzal Quetzal].

'''Melpómene''' 
Name of the Greek muse of tragedy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melpomene Wikipedia]

'''Palenque''' 
A Chiapas small town roughly 20 miles southeast of Villahermosa, 70 miles notheast of Tuxtla Gutiérrez. From 500 to 800 A.D. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palenque Palenque] was a major power in the Maya world. Today it remains shrouded in the mist of a tropical jungle and a significant archealogical site dominating by the ''Temple of the Inscription'' with the tomb of Lord Pacal, the ruler from 615-653 A.D. inside.

==Page 991==

'''''guayuleros''''' 
???

'''''cucuji''''' 
??? According to the text they are "giant luminous beetles."

'''''tinterillo''''' 
???

'''''Ahora, apágate''''' 
Spanish: Now put yourself out, extinguish yourself.

'''''Bueno''' 
Good.

==Page 992==

'''''instantaneously''''' 
In violation of Einstein's special theory of relativity. 
a wireless, immediate, human way of communicating.

'''''Caray . . . novio . . .''''' 
Good heavens . . . boyfriend . . .

'''Mazatán''' 
There's a map with Mazatán on this web [http://www.travelpost.com/NA/Mexico/Chiapas/Mazatan/7645531 page].

'''''Qué''''' 
What, as in "what the fuck?"

'''''querida''''' 
dear, darling

==Page 993==

'''It is like the telephone exchange . . . the single greater organism remains intact, coherent, connected.''' 
Actually not like the telephone exchange. On P. 708, Derrick Theign worries that in case of war, telephone and telegraph will become unreliable; this is his reason for creating the R.U.S.H. This telepathic network, like an unfailing cell phone network, is far more reliable.

'''Tenochtitlán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlán] was the capital of the Aztec empire, built on an island in Lake Texcoco in what is now the Federal District in central Mexico. At its height, Tenochtitlán was one of the largest cities in the world, with over 200,000 inhabitants. The city was destroyed in 1521 by Spanish conquistadors. Mexico City was erected on top of the ruin.

==Page 994==

'''He knew what it was but could not find its name in his memory''' 
Presumably the unknown menace from which Aztlan's inhabitants fled. But suggestive both of air attack and the menace of North American industrialization in 1900 and NAFTA in 2000.

'''tezontle''' 
The colonists and Indian artisans employed local [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-589541/tezontle tezontle], a light and porous volcanic rock, to create elaborate facades on buildings.

'''indicative world''' 
Very potent phrase. The world of everyday reality, indicating the deepeer reality of the visions? The indicative mood in grammar is the mood of simple declarative statements, plain facts: there was Melpomene, here is a chair. A mood incommensurate with Frank's trance.

'''the Huerta coup''' 
Against Madero, who was shot, February 1913.

'''Decena Trágica''' 
Spanish: the tragic ten days.

==Page 995==

'''It was the first time he was aware of getting paid for being stupid. Could there be a future in this?''' 

Sounds like another Pynchonian 'in-joke'. In "Vineland", Zoyd Wheeler is getting his yearly cheques for precisely that, i.e. doing something stupid.

==Page 996==

'''''¡Epa!''''' 
Spanish: Whoa!

'''Since last September the mine workers' union had been out on strike''' 
The Colorado "coal war" of September 1913 to April 1914; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist.html here is an eye-opening account.]

==Page 997==

'''Pagosa Springs''' 
South Central Colorado town in the heart of the San Juan Forest.

==Page 998==

'''...over Wolf Creek Pass, into the San Luis Valley...San Luis Basin...through Fort Garland...up the Sangre de Cristos over North La Veta Pass...the first rooftops of Walsenburg.''' 
The route described would take them from the presumably UMW-sympathetic mining country in the San Juans, north and east along current US highway 160 (called the Navaho Trail), across the San Luis Valley and Basin to North La Veta Pass, with Walsenburg and the prairies and canyons of the coal country beyond to the east (the only safe approach to the striking mines).

The geography of this journey is as carefully described as the various characters' journeys through the Balkans (the description of the view of the Spanish Peaks and Culebra Range are absolutely accurate), and there must be a reason, something these regions have in common.

The San Luis Valley and immediately adjacent areas are the furthest northeastern reaches of the Spanish Empire in North America, part of the Province of Nueva Mexico del Norte of New Spain, later Mexico (part of which became the state of New Mexico in 1912). The area around Telluride would be the northern border of Pynchon's vision of Aztlan (it is in fact the northern border of the Pueblo settlements). These are, therefore, like the Balkans, borders between newly industrializing empires and older, tribally-organized, "pre-scientific" cultures (both with indigenous mystical/spiritual traditions, with which the characters interact). Here and in nearby Mexico, mechanization and industrialization of resource extraction are causing heartbreaking exploitation and violence, and the indigenous shamanism and mysticism and their unmediated power are being destroyed by advancing industrial civilization, exactly as described by Dwight Prance on P.777.

Niall Ferguson(''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'', Penguin Press, 2006) points to three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility (See note to P.939). Both the Balkans and the American Southwest/Mexico fulfilled those conditions.

==Page 999==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 976-999

2007-04-12T16:13:07Z

Bouleris: /* Page 994 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 976==

'''the coalfield troubles in southern Colorado''' 
The United Mine Workers called a stike in Colorado's coalfields north of Denver in 1910 winning a 10 percent wage increase for ten thousand Colorado miners. The union's real target was the larger southern coalfield. A state-wide coal strike was called in September 1913 and lasted 14 months resulted in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow_massacre the Ludlow Massacre] of April 20, 1914, in which 20 people were killed.

'''the Madero revolution''' 
in 1910, out of Mexico, led by Madera. Ramifications felt in El Paso, where a Senate Committee investigated in 1912 and found Standard Oil partly responsible. 
Relevant?--a Mormon settlement was investigated as part of the investigation. 
[http://www.mexconnect.com/MEX/austin/revolution.html The Madero (Mexican) Revolution] was brought on by, among other factors, tremendous disagreement among the Mexican people over the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Madero was one of the strongest believers that Diaz should renounce his power and not seek re-election in 1910. He was jailed by Diaz but was able to escape on October 4, 1910, to the US. In San Antonio, Texas, he issued his Plan of San Luis Potosi proclaiming the 1910 election null and void and called for an armed revolution on November 20, 1910 against the "illegitimate" presidency of Diaz. Madero also promised agrarian land reforms to attract Mexico's peasants to his cause. The revolution spread, the Maderista troops, with Pancho Villa in the North and Emiliano Zapata in the South, defeated the army of Diaz within six months, and Diaz resigned on May 25, 1911. Francisco Madero was elected President on October 1, 1911 and assumed power on November 6.

==Page 977==

'''cross-gable''' 
Two perpendicular gable roofs; [http://www.roofingchildsplay.com/articles/the_gable_roof.php pic and more]

'''Baby Doe Tabor ... Haw Tabor''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=T alphabetical index T] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_273-295#Page_274 page 274]

'''I'm Going..Salome''' 
Stanley Murphy, lyricist, written before 1909. 
"I'm going to get myself a black Salome" 
Composer: Wynn, Ed 1886-1966
Lyrics: Big Bill Jefferson a railroad man (first line of text)
Contributors: Murphy, Stanley 1875-1919
Publication Date: 1908
For voice and piano.
Cover ill.: African American man watching a belly dancer. Photo of Ed. Wynn. [http://www.thehackley.org/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=d-000-00---0dplhacsm--00-0-0-0prompt-10---4---Document---0-1l--1-en-50---20-about---001-011-1-0utfZz-8-0&a=d&cl=CL6.15&d=HASH01fdd49fdb3579dd874ac2c1 link]

'''majolica''' 
A particular type of white colour glaze for earthenware ceramics that was known for its ability to mimic (poorly) historically expensive porcelain. Its name comes from the practice of importing it into Europe through the ports of the Balearic island Majorca from the Mid-east. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majolica Wikipedia]

==Page 978==

''''''Tá bien, no te preocupes, m'hija''''' 
Spanish: It's all right, don't trouble yourself, my dear.

'''Galluses''' 
a pair of suspenders for trousers. "Braces" in British English.

'''Czolgosz''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
Leon Frank Czolgosz (January 24, 1873 – October 29, 1901) was the assassin of U.S. President William McKinley. In the last few years of his short life he was heavily influenced by anarchists like Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Frank_Czolgosz From Wikipedia]

'''President McKinley''' 
Cf [[ATD_358-373#Page_372|page 372: Anarchist Czolgosz had assassinated McKinley]]. 
William McKinley, Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley from Wikipedia] McKinley as president placed the US on the gold standard (remember Dally and the poster for bimetallism).

'''One thousand Fast Lake Navigation, 158 Fast Express, and 206 Automobile Inverts''' 
[http://www.filbert.com/stamplistopedia/us_inverts/default.htm Here] is a page with images of the stamp. Also, an interesting little [http://www.topix.net/forum/hobbies/stamp-collecting/TAN9GV5A1E1LCSGDV online tidbit] which references this stamp with the inverted center to which this page refers.

These misprinted ("alternate") stamps, associated with Anarchism, and the philatelically-named Jenny Invert with her similar association to the Anarchist collective at Yz-le-Bans, inevitably call to mind the subtly altered stamps of the anarchist (or at any rate anti-government) Trystero in ''Lot 49'', postage in an alterntive, underground communication system.
We have, then, the theme of underground, alternative communication introduced again (the first time in AtD is with the London gas pipes).

==Page 979==

'''Hanna's miserable stooge''' 
Mark Hanna (September 24, 1837–February 15, 1904), born Marcus Alonzo Hanna, was an industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. He rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful Republican Presidential candidate William McKinley in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hanna From Wikipedia]. Obviously, the stooge refers to McKinley.

'''henriettia''' 
A fine diagonal twilled (ribbed) dress fabric made with silk warp (vertical threads) and fine worsted (firm-textured) weft (horizontal threads), which makes it resemble Cashmere cloth. 
Weave: Twill 
Characteristics: Originally consisted of worsted filling and silk warp. Today, it can be found in a variety of blends. It has excellent drapability. It's weight and quality vary with fibres, however, when created with silk and wool it is lustrous and soft.
Uses: Dress goods. Textile Dictionary

'''Œdipal''' 
From the myth of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus#Homer.27s_Oedipus Oedipus] Rex, about a returning son killing his father, rendered infamous through Freud's interpretation of its significance to men and rendered famous by the Sophocles plays in the 5th century B.C.

And perhaps a Pynchon in-joke of sorts. The protagonist of ''Lot 49'' is Oedipa Maas (it has been suggested: "More Oedipal"), also in trouble over stamps; in fact "Lot 49" refers to the auction lot of Trystero-altered stamps in the collection of Pierce Inverarity (it has been suggested: "Inverse Rarity"), for whose estate Oedipa is executor. A few pages from here the issue of alternate communication forms will be introduced; these references to the issues in ''Lot 49'' could serve to alert the experienced reader of Pynchon to their importance in AtD.

==Page 980==

==Page 981==

'''the one with the destiny''' 
Do we learn anything about this odd Oust child?

(Presumably Ewball?). No, this one is apparently a little child when Ewball is a grownup.

Maybe [[ATD_119-148#Page_140|a child born with a caul?]] It would not take much of a prophet to say that such a child has a destiny.

'''tintypes''' 
A cheap, common and durable form of black and white photographic image where a sensitised collodion is poured upon a thin sheet of soot blackened tin, exposed and developed. Often hand-coloured. The most notable practitioners and teachers of the process in the US are [http://www.collodion.org/ Mark Osterman and France Scully Osterman]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintype tintype wikipedia entry].

==Page 982==

'''the Madero Revolution had moved on''' 
Madero took office as president in November, 1911. However, he was no longer the universal and unquestioned leader he once had been. He turned his back on the forces that had brought him to power. His refusal to enact land reforms caused a break with Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) and other revolutionary leaders and losing much of his popular support gained during the revolution. The rural working class, who had supported Madero, now took up arms against him.

''' Many were rebelling in the name of disaffected ex-minister Emilio Vázquez''' 
Emilio Vázquez Gómez (1888-1913). An anti-Madero figure. 
With the collapse of Diaz regime in May 1911 an interim government was formed and a national election was called for in October the same year. Emilio Vazquez Gomez (1888-1913) was the Interior Minister of the interim government and a leader of an important wing of initial Maderista movement. He and his followers, wth the support of several revolutionary leaders, demand the immediate adopttion of the Plan de San Luis. Vazquistas began an open rebellion to dissolve the interim government and put Madero himself in the presidency before the upcoming election. The revolt, begun at the end of June, reached a new level on August 2, 1911 when Vazquez Gomez resigned as Interior Minister. Three weeks later Vazquista presented a plan in which the interim government was not to be recognized, the command of the revolution was to be handed over to Vazquez Gomez, large landholdings were to be broken up, etc. Madero's dissolving the original anti Diaz party replaced by a new one led to the split with Vazquez Gomez. During the October elections the Vazquista rebellion created unrest in the northern states and attracted several ex-Maderista ''caudillos'' such as Emilio Campas and José Inés Salazar. After the election, the Vazquista rebellion continued and flared up in Chihuahua City in January 1912 against the Madero government. Toward the end of February that revolt spread to several places in the state. In early May, Vazquez Gomez proclaimed himself provisional president, with his capital in Juarez. But his "government" did not obtain much strong support and he was forced to leave the country for the US shortly thereafter. By the fall of 1912, the Vazquista movement had dissolved.

'''Magonistas''' 
Mexican anarchists, followers of brothers Enrique and Ricardo Flores Magón (1874-1922). During the [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/99winter/magonista.htm "Magonista" Revolt] of 1911, a short-lived revolutionary commune was set-up in Baja California. In present Mexico, the Flores Magon brothers are considered left wing political icons nearly as notable as Emiliano Zapata, and numerous streets, towns and neighborhoods are named for them.

==Page 983==

'''Morelos''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morelos A state] in southern Mexico.

'''Emiliano Zapata had . . . begun a serious insurrection against the government''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata Emiliano Zapata] (1879-1919) was a leading figure in the 1910-11 Madero Revolution against the dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz. Zapata's discontent with Madero started before the latter became the president. The Ciudad Juárez peace treaty of May 21, 1911 between the Maderistas and Porfirian force ending the military phase of the Madero revolution failed to mention land reforms at all; it turned over the power to an interim government not to the revolutionary forces, as if the fall of the Diaz government had been achieved through secret cabinet pressure according to existing laws not as a result of a revolution; furthermore, the treaty acknowledged the power of federal army and specified to disarmed and demobilized the revolutionary armed groups including Zapatistas. Vazquistas revolted as early as June against the interim government and Zapata openly did so in Morelos on November 25, 1911 against the Madero regime. The Zapatista armed insurrection was the longest-lasting of the rebellions of 1911, and would extend itself throughout Madero's term (1911-13) untill merging with the new insurrectional wave of 1913.

'''Pascual Orozco''' 
1882-1915, importer of armaments from U.S., maderista, revolted against Madero government in 1912. 
[http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/OO/for8.html Pascual Orozco,Jr.] (1882-1915) was a Mexican revolutionary hero and leader. In his early life he was a muleteer working for several large mining companies in the Chihuahua mountains. He soon involved in anti-Diaz activities in 1909 of purchaing arms and ammunition in the U.S. and taking them to Mexico on half of the Magónistas. After Madero called for armed uprising in October 1910 Orozco became the revolutionary chief in the District of Guerrero. On May 10, 1911, Orozco and Pancho Villa won a major military victory in the war against the Porfirian government by taking Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, which led to the signing of the Peace Treaty and the resignation of Diaz. However, for the reasons stated above (Zapata), Orozco announced his revolt against the Madero government on March 3, 1912 lending the anti-Madero movement instant credibility. The Orozquistas won a series of victories for the rest of the month, and the Battle of Rellano (pp. 984-985 of AtD) of March 23 was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign. Orozco and his followers was decisively defeated at the Second Battle of Rellano of May 22-23 by Victoriano Huerta, the new field commnader of Madero ''federales''. By the beginning of October, the Orozquista rebellion had ended and Orozco himself had crossed over to the U.S. acknowledging his defeat.

'''José Inés Salazar''' 
A longtime colleague of Pascual Orozco and later one of the leading Orozquista generals. In May 1909 he and Orozco smuggled arms from the U.S. to Mexico on behalf of the Magonistas. Later fought with Orozco against Madero.

'''Braulio Hernández''' 
A prominent Maderista but later became a radical Orozquista. [http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/library/bakerPhotos.htm Here] is a great set of photos capturing many of the Mexican revolutionary leaders (including Braulio Hernández) and a visual glimpse into the revolution.

'''Pancho Villa''' 
Christened [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancho_Villa Doroteo Arango Arámbula]. Pancho Villa (1878-1923) was one of the foremost leaders of the Mexican Revolution (1911-1920). His charisma and battle victories and his raid on Columbus, New Mexico, made him an idol of the masses and a folk hero. 
He spend his early years in the mountains in the Northern Mexico running from the law. He answered Madero's call for an armed uprising against the Diaz regime and helped defeat the federal army of Diaz in the first Battle of Ciudad Juáez of April-May 1911. At the beginning of Orozco's revolt Pancho Villa was still loyal to the Madero government and fought along with Victoriano Huerta against the Orozquistas. But after Huerta's murdering of Madero and usurpation of the power on February 22, 1913, Villa allied himself with Carranza and fought against Huerta. Villa's revolutionary aims (other than military goals), unlike those of Emiliano Zapata's, were never clearly defined. He was the provisional governor of Chihuahua (1913-14). His 1916 raid on Columbus, New Mexico, provoked the Punitive Expedition by General John Pershing. At this time Pancho Villa was fighting against Carranza until 1920 when the latter was assassinated. Pancho Villa himself, retired from revolutionary life in 1920, was gunned down in his car on July 20, 1923.

'''José Gonzáles Salas''' 
Maderista general in command against Orozco; replaced by Huerta, to Madero's later discomfiture.

'''the country around Jiménez . . .''' 
The region around Jiménez, a mining center in Chihuahua 130 miles south of Chihuahua City, is known for large number of meteorites, some of them discovered by the Spaniards in 16th and 17th centuries, and now exhibited in Palacio de Mineria (Minery Palace) in Mexico city.

'''Chupaderos''' 
There are two Chupaderos meteorites. Both were found in 1852 in the area around Jiménez. With a weight of 14.114 tons, Chupaderos I is ranked as the 10th largest meteorite in the world; and Chupaderos II with a weight of 6.767 tons ranked 14th. Photos of [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(1)-3.jpg Chupaderos I] and [http://www.jensenmeteorites.com/Chupaderos/Chupad(II)-1.jpg Chupaderos II].

'''the Bolsón de Mapimí''' 
A small desert area east of Jiménez, the habitat of the Mexican Bolsón Tortoise, one of the four North American tortoise species. cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B Alphabetical Index B] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_374-396#Page_395 page 395].

==Page 984==

'''''máquina loca''''' 
crazy machine.

'''''a sus órdenes''''' 
Spanish: (ready) for your orders. In English one would say, "at your service."

'''One prong of the government attack . . . between Corralitos and Rellano . . .''' 
''The Battle of Rellano''. On March 23, 1912, in Rellano, an intermediate point between Torreón and Chihuahua, there was the formal battle between the Orozuistas and the Madero government forces, with a disatrous result for the ''federales''. Its commander, General José Gonzáles Salas, humiliated by the defeat, committed suicide during the retreat. The Battle of Rellano was the high-water mark of the Orozquista military campaign.

'''''Andale, muchachos''''' 
Spanish: let's go, boys.

==Page 985==

'''Parral''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral%2C_Chihuahua Parral] is where Pancho Villa was assassinated on July 20, 1923. Apparently someone remembered the sacking, dynamiting, looting, and killing.

==Page 986==

'''Victoriano Huerta''' 
Cf [[ATD_374-396#Page_376|page 376: General Huerta]]. 
After the defeat at the Battle of Rellano (pp.984-985 AtD) on March 23, 1912, Madero appointed Victoriano Huerta, an able and competent professional soldier, head of the federal forces on April 1. On May 22-23 Huerta crushed the Orozquistas at the Second Battle of Rellano. This battle was the turning point in the campaign against Orozco. In five consecutive engagements Huerta drove the badly beaten Orozco crossed into the U.S. in September. As a man almost too bad to be true, he began laying plans for Madero's overthrow and the usurpation of presidential power, which he accomplished in ''la decena trágica'', the Ten Tragic Days, of February 1913 and thus earned himself a permanent spot in Mexico's hall of infamy.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
cf [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V alpha index V] (page down to von Quassel) and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_588-614#Page_596 page 596]

'''Tampico''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637], where (and when) Frank first meets Günther.

'''Orizaba product''' 
One of the leading industries of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orizaba Orizaba] is the Cervecería Moctezuma brewery which was established in 1896.

'''Chiapas''' 
cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_615-643#Page_637 page 637]

==Page 987==

'''Oaxaca''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca Wikipedia]

'''cafetal''' 
Spanish: coffee plantation.

'''jefe politico''' 
Spanish: political boss.

'''Juchitán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juchitan Juchitán]

'''Benito Juárez Maza''' 
Governor of Oaxaca from 1911 until his death the next year. He was the
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%25C3%25A1rez_Maza&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=7&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBenito%2BJu%25C3%25A1rez%2BMaza%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff son] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez Benito Juárez], the beloved President of Mexico for five different terms from 1858-1872 (so before Porfirio Díaz).

==Page 988==

'''chegomista''' 
Follower of Che Gómez, identified on page 987.

'''"El Reparador"''' 
Spanish: "The Fixer." Epithet of a hundred operators in crime literature. Or, as the text eventually suggests, "The Repairman."

'''Ibargüengoitia''' 
Speculation on this surname: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Ibarg%C3%BCengoitia Jorge Ibargüengoitia] was a novelist and playwright who wrote, among other things, Los Relámpagos de Agosto (The Lightning of August, 1964), which uses cartoonish mayhem to debunk the Mexican Revolution's heroic myths; improbably it won for its author the Premio Casa de las Américas, despite or because of the consternation which its flippancy caused.

'''Chapultepec Park''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapultepec Chapultepec] Park is an enormous green area in the middle of Mexico City covering 2,000 acres, containing three of the city's most importnat museums, an amusement park, several lakes, the only genuine castle in North America,, Mexico's largest zoo and the residence of the President of Mexico, Los Pinos. Chapultepec Castle is also known as "The Halls of Montezuma."

'''''Wie geht's, mein alter Kumpel''''' 
German: How are you, my old workmate?

==Page 989==

'''the new Monument to National Independence''' 
Mexico City's No.1 landmark. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_%C3%81ngel ''Monumento de la Independencia''], situated on a roundabout at the ''Paseo de la Reforma'' (Reform Avenue) in Mexico City's downtown area, was inaugurated in 1910. The sculptures that surround the base represent Law, Justice, War and Peace. On top of the monument is a winged and gilded angel, known as ''Angel de la Independencia'', or just ''El Angel''. See photo of 
[http://www.zanzig.com/travel/mexico-photos/m005-070.htm ''El Angel''].

'''''a face he recognized''''' 
Another angel modeled on Dally? El Angel was sculpted by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Alciati Enrique Alciati].

'''''"máquina loca," "muerte"'' and ''"tú"''''' 
Spanish: "crazy locomotive," "dead" and "you."

'''When his eyes refocused, whoever had spoken had moved on''' 
Frank has, at recognizing Dally's face, gone into the same kind of trance, a merger with the moment, or with the machine, that had almost taken him into the collision with the Federal train on P.985. The warning words seem to be "crazy machine", "dead" and "you". A warning from the Angel of Death, via another Alternate Communication channel.

:Why the Angel of Death rather than the Angel of Light?

'''''abrazo''''' 
hug

'''''sinvergüencistas''''' 
???

'''out of Vera Cruz, down to Frontera . . . to Villahermosa, Tuxtla Gutiérrez . . . and across the Sierra to the Pacific coast''' 
From Mexico City by land roughly 200 miles east to Veracruz on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, continued east 230 miles by sea to Frontera, a small town on the Gulf coast, turned south by land 20 miles to Villahermosa, the capital of Chiapas, continue 40 miles to Tuxtla Gutiérrez and came 80 miles over the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and reached the Pacific coast around Tapachula near the border with Guatemala.

'''''Tu madre chingada puta''''' 
Rude, rude Spanish: Your mother's a fucking whore.

==Page 990==

'''Machine-Age nightmare . . . the future of coffee''' 
Another Crazy Machine, or perhaps "Out of Control" machine (the governor on the locomotive on P.985 "no longer regulated anything"). Coffee is being industrialized, contributing to the ubiquity of outlets on P. 817, not to mention today, with overwhelming consequences for the indigenous growers.

'''Chamulan Indians''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzotzil_people Tzotzil] Maya.

'''San Cristóbal''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_las_Casas Wikipedia]

'''Tuxtla''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxtla_Guti%C3%A9rrez Wikipedia]

'''Tapachula''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapachula Wikipedia]

'''El Quetzal Dormido''' 
The Sleeping [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzal Quetzal].

'''Melpómene''' 
Name of the Greek muse of tragedy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melpomene Wikipedia]

'''Palenque''' 
A Chiapas small town roughly 20 miles southeast of Villahermosa, 70 miles notheast of Tuxtla Gutiérrez. From 500 to 800 A.D. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palenque Palenque] was a major power in the Maya world. Today it remains shrouded in the mist of a tropical jungle and a significant archealogical site dominating by the ''Temple of the Inscription'' with the tomb of Lord Pacal, the ruler from 615-653 A.D. inside.

==Page 991==

'''''guayuleros''''' 
???

'''''cucuji''''' 
??? According to the text they are "giant luminous beetles."

'''''tinterillo''''' 
???

'''''Ahora, apágate''''' 
Spanish: Now put yourself out, extinguish yourself.

'''''Bueno''' 
Good.

==Page 992==

'''''instantaneously''''' 
In violation of Einstein's special theory of relativity. 
a wireless, immediate, human way of communicating.

'''''Caray . . . novio . . .''''' 
Good heavens . . . boyfriend . . .

'''Mazatán''' 
There's a map with Mazatán on this web [http://www.travelpost.com/NA/Mexico/Chiapas/Mazatan/7645531 page].

'''''Qué''''' 
What, as in "what the fuck?"

'''''querida''''' 
dear, darling

==Page 993==

'''It is like the telephone exchange . . . the single greater organism remains intact, coherent, connected.''' 
Actually not like the telephone exchange. On P. 708, Derrick Theign worries that in case of war, telephone and telegraph will become unreliable; this is his reason for creating the R.U.S.H. This telepathic network, like an unfailing cell phone network, is far more reliable.

'''Tenochtitlán''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlán] was the capital of the Aztec empire, built on an island in Lake Texcoco in what is now the Federal District in central Mexico. At its height, Tenochtitlán was one of the largest cities in the world, with over 200,000 inhabitants. The city was destroyed in 1521 by Spanish conquistadors. Mexico City was erected on top of the ruin.

==Page 994==

'''He knew what it was but could not find its name in his memory''' 
Presumably the unknown menace from which Aztlan's inhabitants fled. But suggestive both of air attack and the menace of North American industrialization in 1900 and NAFTA in 2000.

'''indicative world''' 
Very potent phrase. The world of everyday reality, indicating the deepeer reality of the visions? The indicative mood in grammar is the mood of simple declarative statements, plain facts: there was Melpomene, here is a chair. A mood incommensurate with Frank's trance.

'''the Huerta coup''' 
Against Madero, who was shot, February 1913.

'''Decena Trágica''' 
Spanish: the tragic ten days.

==Page 995==

'''It was the first time he was aware of getting paid for being stupid. Could there be a future in this?''' 

Sounds like another Pynchonian 'in-joke'. In "Vineland", Zoyd Wheeler is getting his yearly cheques for precisely that, i.e. doing something stupid.

==Page 996==

'''''¡Epa!''''' 
Spanish: Whoa!

'''Since last September the mine workers' union had been out on strike''' 
The Colorado "coal war" of September 1913 to April 1914; [http://www.du.edu/anthro/ludlow/cfhist.html here is an eye-opening account.]

==Page 997==

'''Pagosa Springs''' 
South Central Colorado town in the heart of the San Juan Forest.

==Page 998==

'''...over Wolf Creek Pass, into the San Luis Valley...San Luis Basin...through Fort Garland...up the Sangre de Cristos over North La Veta Pass...the first rooftops of Walsenburg.''' 
The route described would take them from the presumably UMW-sympathetic mining country in the San Juans, north and east along current US highway 160 (called the Navaho Trail), across the San Luis Valley and Basin to North La Veta Pass, with Walsenburg and the prairies and canyons of the coal country beyond to the east (the only safe approach to the striking mines).

The geography of this journey is as carefully described as the various characters' journeys through the Balkans (the description of the view of the Spanish Peaks and Culebra Range are absolutely accurate), and there must be a reason, something these regions have in common.

The San Luis Valley and immediately adjacent areas are the furthest northeastern reaches of the Spanish Empire in North America, part of the Province of Nueva Mexico del Norte of New Spain, later Mexico (part of which became the state of New Mexico in 1912). The area around Telluride would be the northern border of Pynchon's vision of Aztlan (it is in fact the northern border of the Pueblo settlements). These are, therefore, like the Balkans, borders between newly industrializing empires and older, tribally-organized, "pre-scientific" cultures (both with indigenous mystical/spiritual traditions, with which the characters interact). Here and in nearby Mexico, mechanization and industrialization of resource extraction are causing heartbreaking exploitation and violence, and the indigenous shamanism and mysticism and their unmediated power are being destroyed by advancing industrial civilization, exactly as described by Dwight Prance on P.777.

Niall Ferguson(''The War of the World: Twentieth Century Conflict and the Descent of the West'', Penguin Press, 2006) points to three demonstrated conditions for becoming a conflict flashpoint: (1) Multi-ethnic population (2) location at the border of a failing empire (3) economic volatility (See note to P.939). Both the Balkans and the American Southwest/Mexico fulfilled those conditions.

==Page 999==

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}