Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

ATD 695-723

2010-09-07T05:51:51Z

Bangorang: /* Page 714 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

The following reference to "the infernal lilt of yet another twittering waltz" seems to cement the Third Man reference. Pynchon who once wanted to be a film critic (or so he says in a letter to his agent) would certainly be aware of the movie, as well as Anton Karas's Viennese waltz performed by the composer on the zither which haunts the movie (a real earworm). Also, we're definitely in Graham Greene (who penned the screenplay) noir espionage thriller down-with-Austrian-imperialism territory here. This may be a stretch but to my ear, the "twittering" seems to echo Orson Welles famous and famously glib ad-lib on the Ferris Wheel that Swiss peacenicks only contributed the cuckoo clock for world culture. Like the movie, Pynchon shows that some dark terror and buried hostility undergirds the reputation for "neutrality"

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''whipping him''' 
Persons interested in such practices, among whom I would never *ever* be numbered, might look askance at an author who muddies the distinction between use of a cane and of a whip.

You can "whip" a cane. The action is being described, not the instrument. And yes this is hardcore and unsafe S&M, hence Cyprian's rising anxiety.

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''
:A name shared, coincidentally no doubt, with the Zsuzsa Szabo of Mason & Dixon, "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, and was indexed as youth-endangering text in Germany in 1982, which was overruled in 1990 by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Mutzenbacher Wikipedia]

The popularity in the 1970s has mostly been due to the homonymous movie version directed by Kurt Nachmann, which cleverly circumvented censorship by creating optical metaphors. The movie (rated 18+) became a classic and led actress Christine Schuberth (portraying the main character as a young adult) to minor stardom. Many follow-ups (also of openly pornographic nature) have been produced since.

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks.
: This is a misunderstanding. "Stift" (being a contraction of "Stiftung") roughly translates to "foundation," in the sense of a privately funded organization or structure. The first foundation at the location of today's Stiftskaserne was an orphanage. It was later converted into an engineering academy and eventually into barracks. So it would rather mean "Foundation Barracks".

Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

There is a famous (well, in Austria) song known as ''Fiakerlied'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Pick Gustav Pick], composed for the 100-year celebration of the Fiaker's guild in Prater, and sung on this occasion by the well-known actor Alexander Girardi. It became a classic piece of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrammelmusik Schrammel music], and for some time something like an inofficial hymn of Vienna; at least the chorus ("I bin hoid a echts Weana Kind" - "I'm just a genuine child of Vienna") is still very well-known.
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWmt-cMYADo A pre-1920 recording of Alexander Girardi singing the Fiakerlied.]

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Some sort of strange sheep's-milk cheese from Crotona''' 
There is ''pecorino crotonese'', but I don't see what would be strange about it. A strange cheese from Calabria (the region in which Crotone is located) is ''casu du quagghiu'', which contains live larvae and is also made of sheep milk. This kind of cheese can apparently be found all over Italy, the most well-known variant being ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu casu marzu]'' from Sardinia.

But maybe this phrase should just allude to something Pythagorean (Pythagoras and his followers were based in Crotone, then called Kroton).

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''Arsenale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenale Arsenale di Venezia], the military-naval heart of Venice.
Cf. [[ATD_849-863#Page_854|pg 854]]:the image had entered the Arsenale

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

I think Pynchon is referring to the decadent movement on the cusp of Modernism. <ref>http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decadent_movement?wasRedirected=true</ref>

Nazism isn't for some time, and I don't if we can fairly call that a "style" or an "emotion" so much as a form of dictatorial government. Of course, "romantic" is a vague term and can apply to nearly anything and everything, much like calling people you disagree with Nazis.

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

um... I think Pynchon is just referring to the unimaginative information that Theign gathers from the decadent upper-crust "hydropaths" used earlier as a pejorative w/r/t Algie in Chirpingdon-Groin's retinue. But interesting, if not quite necessary in this case, research.

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]

In 1907 Viennese a nifty schema for tramway lines was introduced, which (with some simplifications and modifications) more or less is still in use today ([http://xover.mud.at/~tramway/cafe/l.pdf extensive description in German]). It basically assigns numbers to radial and tangential (with respect to the city center) lines. The city center itself is surrounded by the innermost "circle" of this system, formed by Ring and Kai (along the Donaukanal, a branch of the Danube). Several tram lines went on radial routes to this inner circle, ran on it, and then go radial again. In order to know whether the tram turns right or left when reachig the inner circle,
index K indicated "towards Kai" and R "towards Ring". Apart from "far out" everything would work here, all K lines reach the Kai, and Dianabad is just across the Donaukanal from the Kai.

Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad.

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

These words are rather colloquial, but typical for Germany. Viennese people, especially in those times would rather not have used them, but for instance "Gfüda" ("Gefüllter" - "stuffed one"), "Blader" ("blad" [blah-d] is Viennese jargon for "corpulent"), or (ruder) "blade Sau" ("fat pig"). Then again, the callers could have been people from Germany.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariahilf Mariahilf] is the name of Vienna's sixth district.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2010-09-07T01:26:22Z

Bangorang: /* Page 712 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

The following reference to "the infernal lilt of yet another twittering waltz" seems to cement the Third Man reference. Pynchon who once wanted to be a film critic (or so he says in a letter to his agent) would certainly be aware of the movie, as well as Anton Karas's Viennese waltz performed by the composer on the zither which haunts the movie (a real earworm). Also, we're definitely in Graham Greene (who penned the screenplay) noir espionage thriller down-with-Austrian-imperialism territory here. This may be a stretch but to my ear, the "twittering" seems to echo Orson Welles famous and famously glib ad-lib on the Ferris Wheel that Swiss peacenicks only contributed the cuckoo clock for world culture. Like the movie, Pynchon shows that some dark terror and buried hostility undergirds the reputation for "neutrality"

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''whipping him''' 
Persons interested in such practices, among whom I would never *ever* be numbered, might look askance at an author who muddies the distinction between use of a cane and of a whip.

You can "whip" a cane. The action is being described, not the instrument. And yes this is hardcore and unsafe S&M, hence Cyprian's rising anxiety.

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''
:A name shared, coincidentally no doubt, with the Zsuzsa Szabo of Mason & Dixon, "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, and was indexed as youth-endangering text in Germany in 1982, which was overruled in 1990 by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Mutzenbacher Wikipedia]

The popularity in the 1970s has mostly been due to the homonymous movie version directed by Kurt Nachmann, which cleverly circumvented censorship by creating optical metaphors. The movie (rated 18+) became a classic and led actress Christine Schuberth (portraying the main character as a young adult) to minor stardom. Many follow-ups (also of openly pornographic nature) have been produced since.

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks.
: This is a misunderstanding. "Stift" (being a contraction of "Stiftung") roughly translates to "foundation," in the sense of a privately funded organization or structure. The first foundation at the location of today's Stiftskaserne was an orphanage. It was later converted into an engineering academy and eventually into barracks. So it would rather mean "Foundation Barracks".

Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

There is a famous (well, in Austria) song known as ''Fiakerlied'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Pick Gustav Pick], composed for the 100-year celebration of the Fiaker's guild in Prater, and sung on this occasion by the well-known actor Alexander Girardi. It became a classic piece of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrammelmusik Schrammel music], and for some time something like an inofficial hymn of Vienna; at least the chorus ("I bin hoid a echts Weana Kind" - "I'm just a genuine child of Vienna") is still very well-known.
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWmt-cMYADo A pre-1920 recording of Alexander Girardi singing the Fiakerlied.]

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Some sort of strange sheep's-milk cheese from Crotona''' 
There is ''pecorino crotonese'', but I don't see what would be strange about it. A strange cheese from Calabria (the region in which Crotone is located) is ''casu du quagghiu'', which contains live larvae and is also made of sheep milk. This kind of cheese can apparently be found all over Italy, the most well-known variant being ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu casu marzu]'' from Sardinia.

But maybe this phrase should just allude to something Pythagorean (Pythagoras and his followers were based in Crotone, then called Kroton).

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''Arsenale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenale Arsenale di Venezia], the military-naval heart of Venice.
Cf. [[ATD_849-863#Page_854|pg 854]]:the image had entered the Arsenale

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

I think Pynchon is referring to the decadent movement on the cusp of Modernism. <ref>http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decadent_movement?wasRedirected=true</ref>

Nazism isn't for some time, and I don't if we can fairly call that a "style" or an "emotion" so much as a form of dictatorial government. Of course, "romantic" is a vague term and can apply to nearly anything and everything, much like calling people you disagree with Nazis.

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]

In 1907 Viennese a nifty schema for tramway lines was introduced, which (with some simplifications and modifications) more or less is still in use today ([http://xover.mud.at/~tramway/cafe/l.pdf extensive description in German]). It basically assigns numbers to radial and tangential (with respect to the city center) lines. The city center itself is surrounded by the innermost "circle" of this system, formed by Ring and Kai (along the Donaukanal, a branch of the Danube). Several tram lines went on radial routes to this inner circle, ran on it, and then go radial again. In order to know whether the tram turns right or left when reachig the inner circle,
index K indicated "towards Kai" and R "towards Ring". Apart from "far out" everything would work here, all K lines reach the Kai, and Dianabad is just across the Donaukanal from the Kai.

Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad.

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

These words are rather colloquial, but typical for Germany. Viennese people, especially in those times would rather not have used them, but for instance "Gfüda" ("Gefüllter" - "stuffed one"), "Blader" ("blad" [blah-d] is Viennese jargon for "corpulent"), or (ruder) "blade Sau" ("fat pig"). Then again, the callers could have been people from Germany.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariahilf Mariahilf] is the name of Vienna's sixth district.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2010-09-07T01:25:19Z

Bangorang: /* Page 712 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

The following reference to "the infernal lilt of yet another twittering waltz" seems to cement the Third Man reference. Pynchon who once wanted to be a film critic (or so he says in a letter to his agent) would certainly be aware of the movie, as well as Anton Karas's Viennese waltz performed by the composer on the zither which haunts the movie (a real earworm). Also, we're definitely in Graham Greene (who penned the screenplay) noir espionage thriller down-with-Austrian-imperialism territory here. This may be a stretch but to my ear, the "twittering" seems to echo Orson Welles famous and famously glib ad-lib on the Ferris Wheel that Swiss peacenicks only contributed the cuckoo clock for world culture. Like the movie, Pynchon shows that some dark terror and buried hostility undergirds the reputation for "neutrality"

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''whipping him''' 
Persons interested in such practices, among whom I would never *ever* be numbered, might look askance at an author who muddies the distinction between use of a cane and of a whip.

You can "whip" a cane. The action is being described, not the instrument. And yes this is hardcore and unsafe S&M, hence Cyprian's rising anxiety.

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''
:A name shared, coincidentally no doubt, with the Zsuzsa Szabo of Mason & Dixon, "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, and was indexed as youth-endangering text in Germany in 1982, which was overruled in 1990 by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Mutzenbacher Wikipedia]

The popularity in the 1970s has mostly been due to the homonymous movie version directed by Kurt Nachmann, which cleverly circumvented censorship by creating optical metaphors. The movie (rated 18+) became a classic and led actress Christine Schuberth (portraying the main character as a young adult) to minor stardom. Many follow-ups (also of openly pornographic nature) have been produced since.

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks.
: This is a misunderstanding. "Stift" (being a contraction of "Stiftung") roughly translates to "foundation," in the sense of a privately funded organization or structure. The first foundation at the location of today's Stiftskaserne was an orphanage. It was later converted into an engineering academy and eventually into barracks. So it would rather mean "Foundation Barracks".

Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

There is a famous (well, in Austria) song known as ''Fiakerlied'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Pick Gustav Pick], composed for the 100-year celebration of the Fiaker's guild in Prater, and sung on this occasion by the well-known actor Alexander Girardi. It became a classic piece of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrammelmusik Schrammel music], and for some time something like an inofficial hymn of Vienna; at least the chorus ("I bin hoid a echts Weana Kind" - "I'm just a genuine child of Vienna") is still very well-known.
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWmt-cMYADo A pre-1920 recording of Alexander Girardi singing the Fiakerlied.]

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Some sort of strange sheep's-milk cheese from Crotona''' 
There is ''pecorino crotonese'', but I don't see what would be strange about it. A strange cheese from Calabria (the region in which Crotone is located) is ''casu du quagghiu'', which contains live larvae and is also made of sheep milk. This kind of cheese can apparently be found all over Italy, the most well-known variant being ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu casu marzu]'' from Sardinia.

But maybe this phrase should just allude to something Pythagorean (Pythagoras and his followers were based in Crotone, then called Kroton).

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''Arsenale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenale Arsenale di Venezia], the military-naval heart of Venice.
Cf. [[ATD_849-863#Page_854|pg 854]]:the image had entered the Arsenale

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

I think Pynchon is referring to the decadent movement on the cusp of Modernism.

<ref>http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decadent_movement?wasRedirected=true</ref>

Nazism isn't for some time, and I don't if we can fairly call that a "style" or an "emotion" so much as a form of dictatorial government. Of course, "romantic" is a vague term and can apply to nearly anything and everything, much like calling people you disagree with Nazis.

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]

In 1907 Viennese a nifty schema for tramway lines was introduced, which (with some simplifications and modifications) more or less is still in use today ([http://xover.mud.at/~tramway/cafe/l.pdf extensive description in German]). It basically assigns numbers to radial and tangential (with respect to the city center) lines. The city center itself is surrounded by the innermost "circle" of this system, formed by Ring and Kai (along the Donaukanal, a branch of the Danube). Several tram lines went on radial routes to this inner circle, ran on it, and then go radial again. In order to know whether the tram turns right or left when reachig the inner circle,
index K indicated "towards Kai" and R "towards Ring". Apart from "far out" everything would work here, all K lines reach the Kai, and Dianabad is just across the Donaukanal from the Kai.

Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad.

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

These words are rather colloquial, but typical for Germany. Viennese people, especially in those times would rather not have used them, but for instance "Gfüda" ("Gefüllter" - "stuffed one"), "Blader" ("blad" [blah-d] is Viennese jargon for "corpulent"), or (ruder) "blade Sau" ("fat pig"). Then again, the callers could have been people from Germany.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariahilf Mariahilf] is the name of Vienna's sixth district.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2010-09-07T01:21:47Z

Bangorang: /* Page 712 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

The following reference to "the infernal lilt of yet another twittering waltz" seems to cement the Third Man reference. Pynchon who once wanted to be a film critic (or so he says in a letter to his agent) would certainly be aware of the movie, as well as Anton Karas's Viennese waltz performed by the composer on the zither which haunts the movie (a real earworm). Also, we're definitely in Graham Greene (who penned the screenplay) noir espionage thriller down-with-Austrian-imperialism territory here. This may be a stretch but to my ear, the "twittering" seems to echo Orson Welles famous and famously glib ad-lib on the Ferris Wheel that Swiss peacenicks only contributed the cuckoo clock for world culture. Like the movie, Pynchon shows that some dark terror and buried hostility undergirds the reputation for "neutrality"

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''whipping him''' 
Persons interested in such practices, among whom I would never *ever* be numbered, might look askance at an author who muddies the distinction between use of a cane and of a whip.

You can "whip" a cane. The action is being described, not the instrument. And yes this is hardcore and unsafe S&M, hence Cyprian's rising anxiety.

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''
:A name shared, coincidentally no doubt, with the Zsuzsa Szabo of Mason & Dixon, "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, and was indexed as youth-endangering text in Germany in 1982, which was overruled in 1990 by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Mutzenbacher Wikipedia]

The popularity in the 1970s has mostly been due to the homonymous movie version directed by Kurt Nachmann, which cleverly circumvented censorship by creating optical metaphors. The movie (rated 18+) became a classic and led actress Christine Schuberth (portraying the main character as a young adult) to minor stardom. Many follow-ups (also of openly pornographic nature) have been produced since.

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks.
: This is a misunderstanding. "Stift" (being a contraction of "Stiftung") roughly translates to "foundation," in the sense of a privately funded organization or structure. The first foundation at the location of today's Stiftskaserne was an orphanage. It was later converted into an engineering academy and eventually into barracks. So it would rather mean "Foundation Barracks".

Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

There is a famous (well, in Austria) song known as ''Fiakerlied'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Pick Gustav Pick], composed for the 100-year celebration of the Fiaker's guild in Prater, and sung on this occasion by the well-known actor Alexander Girardi. It became a classic piece of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrammelmusik Schrammel music], and for some time something like an inofficial hymn of Vienna; at least the chorus ("I bin hoid a echts Weana Kind" - "I'm just a genuine child of Vienna") is still very well-known.
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWmt-cMYADo A pre-1920 recording of Alexander Girardi singing the Fiakerlied.]

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Some sort of strange sheep's-milk cheese from Crotona''' 
There is ''pecorino crotonese'', but I don't see what would be strange about it. A strange cheese from Calabria (the region in which Crotone is located) is ''casu du quagghiu'', which contains live larvae and is also made of sheep milk. This kind of cheese can apparently be found all over Italy, the most well-known variant being ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu casu marzu]'' from Sardinia.

But maybe this phrase should just allude to something Pythagorean (Pythagoras and his followers were based in Crotone, then called Kroton).

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''Arsenale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenale Arsenale di Venezia], the military-naval heart of Venice.
Cf. [[ATD_849-863#Page_854|pg 854]]:the image had entered the Arsenale

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

I think Pynchon is referring to the decadent movement on the cusp of Modernism. Nazism isn't for some time, and I don't if we can fairly call that a "style" or an "emotion" so much as a form of dictatorial government. Of course, "romantic" is a vague term and can apply to nearly anything and everything, much like calling people you disagree with Nazis.

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]

In 1907 Viennese a nifty schema for tramway lines was introduced, which (with some simplifications and modifications) more or less is still in use today ([http://xover.mud.at/~tramway/cafe/l.pdf extensive description in German]). It basically assigns numbers to radial and tangential (with respect to the city center) lines. The city center itself is surrounded by the innermost "circle" of this system, formed by Ring and Kai (along the Donaukanal, a branch of the Danube). Several tram lines went on radial routes to this inner circle, ran on it, and then go radial again. In order to know whether the tram turns right or left when reachig the inner circle,
index K indicated "towards Kai" and R "towards Ring". Apart from "far out" everything would work here, all K lines reach the Kai, and Dianabad is just across the Donaukanal from the Kai.

Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad.

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

These words are rather colloquial, but typical for Germany. Viennese people, especially in those times would rather not have used them, but for instance "Gfüda" ("Gefüllter" - "stuffed one"), "Blader" ("blad" [blah-d] is Viennese jargon for "corpulent"), or (ruder) "blade Sau" ("fat pig"). Then again, the callers could have been people from Germany.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariahilf Mariahilf] is the name of Vienna's sixth district.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2010-09-07T00:12:11Z

Bangorang: /* Page 700 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

The following reference to "the infernal lilt of yet another twittering waltz" seems to cement the Third Man reference. Pynchon who once wanted to be a film critic (or so he says in a letter to his agent) would certainly be aware of the movie, as well as Anton Karas's Viennese waltz performed by the composer on the zither which haunts the movie (a real earworm). Also, we're definitely in Graham Greene (who penned the screenplay) noir espionage thriller down-with-Austrian-imperialism territory here. This may be a stretch but to my ear, the "twittering" seems to echo Orson Welles famous and famously glib ad-lib on the Ferris Wheel that Swiss peacenicks only contributed the cuckoo clock for world culture. Like the movie, Pynchon shows that some dark terror and buried hostility undergirds the reputation for "neutrality"

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''whipping him''' 
Persons interested in such practices, among whom I would never *ever* be numbered, might look askance at an author who muddies the distinction between use of a cane and of a whip.

You can "whip" a cane. The action is being described, not the instrument. And yes this is hardcore and unsafe S&M, hence Cyprian's rising anxiety.

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''
:A name shared, coincidentally no doubt, with the Zsuzsa Szabo of Mason & Dixon, "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, and was indexed as youth-endangering text in Germany in 1982, which was overruled in 1990 by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Mutzenbacher Wikipedia]

The popularity in the 1970s has mostly been due to the homonymous movie version directed by Kurt Nachmann, which cleverly circumvented censorship by creating optical metaphors. The movie (rated 18+) became a classic and led actress Christine Schuberth (portraying the main character as a young adult) to minor stardom. Many follow-ups (also of openly pornographic nature) have been produced since.

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks.
: This is a misunderstanding. "Stift" (being a contraction of "Stiftung") roughly translates to "foundation," in the sense of a privately funded organization or structure. The first foundation at the location of today's Stiftskaserne was an orphanage. It was later converted into an engineering academy and eventually into barracks. So it would rather mean "Foundation Barracks".

Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

There is a famous (well, in Austria) song known as ''Fiakerlied'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Pick Gustav Pick], composed for the 100-year celebration of the Fiaker's guild in Prater, and sung on this occasion by the well-known actor Alexander Girardi. It became a classic piece of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrammelmusik Schrammel music], and for some time something like an inofficial hymn of Vienna; at least the chorus ("I bin hoid a echts Weana Kind" - "I'm just a genuine child of Vienna") is still very well-known.
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWmt-cMYADo A pre-1920 recording of Alexander Girardi singing the Fiakerlied.]

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Some sort of strange sheep's-milk cheese from Crotona''' 
There is ''pecorino crotonese'', but I don't see what would be strange about it. A strange cheese from Calabria (the region in which Crotone is located) is ''casu du quagghiu'', which contains live larvae and is also made of sheep milk. This kind of cheese can apparently be found all over Italy, the most well-known variant being ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu casu marzu]'' from Sardinia.

But maybe this phrase should just allude to something Pythagorean (Pythagoras and his followers were based in Crotone, then called Kroton).

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''Arsenale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenale Arsenale di Venezia], the military-naval heart of Venice.
Cf. [[ATD_849-863#Page_854|pg 854]]:the image had entered the Arsenale

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]

In 1907 Viennese a nifty schema for tramway lines was introduced, which (with some simplifications and modifications) more or less is still in use today ([http://xover.mud.at/~tramway/cafe/l.pdf extensive description in German]). It basically assigns numbers to radial and tangential (with respect to the city center) lines. The city center itself is surrounded by the innermost "circle" of this system, formed by Ring and Kai (along the Donaukanal, a branch of the Danube). Several tram lines went on radial routes to this inner circle, ran on it, and then go radial again. In order to know whether the tram turns right or left when reachig the inner circle,
index K indicated "towards Kai" and R "towards Ring". Apart from "far out" everything would work here, all K lines reach the Kai, and Dianabad is just across the Donaukanal from the Kai.

Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad.

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

These words are rather colloquial, but typical for Germany. Viennese people, especially in those times would rather not have used them, but for instance "Gfüda" ("Gefüllter" - "stuffed one"), "Blader" ("blad" [blah-d] is Viennese jargon for "corpulent"), or (ruder) "blade Sau" ("fat pig"). Then again, the callers could have been people from Germany.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariahilf Mariahilf] is the name of Vienna's sixth district.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2010-09-06T23:58:19Z

Bangorang: /* Page 699 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

The following reference to "the infernal lilt of yet another twittering waltz" seems to cement the Third Man reference. Pynchon who once wanted to be a film critic (or so he says in a letter to his agent) would certainly be aware of the movie, as well as Anton Karas's Viennese waltz performed by the composer on the zither which haunts the movie (a real earworm). Also, we're definitely in Graham Greene (who penned the screenplay) noir espionage thriller down-with-Austrian-imperialism territory here. This may be a stretch but to my ear, the "twittering" seems to echo Orson Welles famous and famously glib ad-lib on the Ferris Wheel that Swiss peacenicks only contributed the cuckoo clock for world culture. Like the movie, Pynchon shows that some dark terror and buried hostility undergirds the reputation for "neutrality"

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''whipping him''' 
Persons interested in such practices, among whom I would never *ever* be numbered, might look askance at an author who muddies the distinction between use of a cane and of a whip.

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''
:A name shared, coincidentally no doubt, with the Zsuzsa Szabo of Mason & Dixon, "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, and was indexed as youth-endangering text in Germany in 1982, which was overruled in 1990 by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Mutzenbacher Wikipedia]

The popularity in the 1970s has mostly been due to the homonymous movie version directed by Kurt Nachmann, which cleverly circumvented censorship by creating optical metaphors. The movie (rated 18+) became a classic and led actress Christine Schuberth (portraying the main character as a young adult) to minor stardom. Many follow-ups (also of openly pornographic nature) have been produced since.

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks.
: This is a misunderstanding. "Stift" (being a contraction of "Stiftung") roughly translates to "foundation," in the sense of a privately funded organization or structure. The first foundation at the location of today's Stiftskaserne was an orphanage. It was later converted into an engineering academy and eventually into barracks. So it would rather mean "Foundation Barracks".

Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

There is a famous (well, in Austria) song known as ''Fiakerlied'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Pick Gustav Pick], composed for the 100-year celebration of the Fiaker's guild in Prater, and sung on this occasion by the well-known actor Alexander Girardi. It became a classic piece of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrammelmusik Schrammel music], and for some time something like an inofficial hymn of Vienna; at least the chorus ("I bin hoid a echts Weana Kind" - "I'm just a genuine child of Vienna") is still very well-known.
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWmt-cMYADo A pre-1920 recording of Alexander Girardi singing the Fiakerlied.]

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Some sort of strange sheep's-milk cheese from Crotona''' 
There is ''pecorino crotonese'', but I don't see what would be strange about it. A strange cheese from Calabria (the region in which Crotone is located) is ''casu du quagghiu'', which contains live larvae and is also made of sheep milk. This kind of cheese can apparently be found all over Italy, the most well-known variant being ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu casu marzu]'' from Sardinia.

But maybe this phrase should just allude to something Pythagorean (Pythagoras and his followers were based in Crotone, then called Kroton).

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''Arsenale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenale Arsenale di Venezia], the military-naval heart of Venice.
Cf. [[ATD_849-863#Page_854|pg 854]]:the image had entered the Arsenale

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]

In 1907 Viennese a nifty schema for tramway lines was introduced, which (with some simplifications and modifications) more or less is still in use today ([http://xover.mud.at/~tramway/cafe/l.pdf extensive description in German]). It basically assigns numbers to radial and tangential (with respect to the city center) lines. The city center itself is surrounded by the innermost "circle" of this system, formed by Ring and Kai (along the Donaukanal, a branch of the Danube). Several tram lines went on radial routes to this inner circle, ran on it, and then go radial again. In order to know whether the tram turns right or left when reachig the inner circle,
index K indicated "towards Kai" and R "towards Ring". Apart from "far out" everything would work here, all K lines reach the Kai, and Dianabad is just across the Donaukanal from the Kai.

Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad.

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

These words are rather colloquial, but typical for Germany. Viennese people, especially in those times would rather not have used them, but for instance "Gfüda" ("Gefüllter" - "stuffed one"), "Blader" ("blad" [blah-d] is Viennese jargon for "corpulent"), or (ruder) "blade Sau" ("fat pig"). Then again, the callers could have been people from Germany.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariahilf Mariahilf] is the name of Vienna's sixth district.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 695-723

2010-09-06T23:45:46Z

Bangorang: /* Page 699 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 697==

'''Cyprian''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_489|page 489: Cyprian Latewood]].

[[Image:emigrants.jpg|thumb|Austro-Hungarian Emigrants embarking in Trieste ca. 1907|right]]
'''emigrant traffic to America''' 
According to this [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn#Auswanderung_aus_.C3.96sterreich-Ungarn german Wikipedia paragraph] about 3.5 to 4 Million emigrants left Austria-Hungary between 1876 and 1910, almost 3 millions of them heading to U.S.A., most of them via Hamburg but many from Trieste, too (the travel from there took about two weeks). In 1907 alone it was about half a million emigrants. In 1910 the population of Austria-Hungary was about 51.4 millions.

'''Fiume''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: ''Fiume'']]. Present-day Rijeka.

'''Whitehead Torpedo Factory''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529]]: Whitehead works in Fiume and Robert Whitehead (1823-1905). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Wikipedia on Robert Whitehead])

'''Zengg''' 
German name for the town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj Senj], Croatia.

'''Uskok''' 
Serbian/Croatian: fugitive. What Pynchon is circumscribing here is the fact that the Uskoks of Zengg were a famous pirate community. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskoks Uskok])

'''Military Frontier''' 
In reality, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Frontier Military Frontier], which was the southernmost strip of the Kingdom of Hungary (itself part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) was demilitarized and abolished as an administrative entity between 1869 and 1882, when Ottoman Turks ceased to control Serbia and Bosnia. Zengg was a Free Royal City but lay in the area officially called the Ogulin Regiment (one of the three regiments on the Adriatic coast) until 1871.

'''the Macedonian Question''' 
Cf [[ATD_678-694#Page_690|page 690: the Macedonia Question]]. 
Raised, apparently, only among non-Macedonians. What boundaries are the Powers to create and which Power is to have dominant interest there? 
served. 
Area known as Macedonia comprises five sovereign states in the present. There is a whole article on The Macedonia Question in The Encyclopedia Britannica, if anyone has access and wants to post it. Winston Churchill: "Macedonia has more history than it can consume".

This contributor tries to destill the "Macedonian Question" from Wikipedia and, just having access to the 1911 Encyclopedia Article on [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia Macedonia], from that article:

1. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in the Russian goal of gaining access to the Mediterranean Sea and liberating the Orthodox Christian Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgarians, Serbians) from the Islamic-ruled Ottoman Empire. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War%2C_1877%E2%80%9378 Wikipedia 1]

2. The war resulted in the Treaty of San Stefano (March 1878), which granted control over Macedonia to russophile Bulgaria [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano Wikipedia 2]

3. ...but got overruled by the Treaty of Berlin a few months later [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 Wikipedia 3], thereby giving back control over Macedonia to Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

4. The 1911 Britannica says the "Macedonian Question" arises with the Treaty of Berlin [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Macedonia read here about the complexities (last couple paragraphs)]

5. All this geopolitical/-commercial/nationalist/religion-inspired madness - among which the "Macedonian Question" is just a part - leads to "Balkan Wars 1 & 2" (1912-1913) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars Wikipedia 4] (and WW1).

'''Trieste and Fiume on either side of the Istrian Peninsula''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Istria.png Picture] (remember Rijeka is Fiume).

==Page 698==

'''The Prater''' 
The Wiener (Vienna) Prater is a large public park (approximately 4,000 acres) and consists of lawns, gardens, and forests [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html source] and is located in Vienna's second district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prater Wikipedia] [http://www.prater.at/GalleryDisplay.php?Id=2 Fotos from about 1900]. Ever since the Prater was opened to the public in 1766 it has attracted fun-seekers - and prostitution.

The 1873 World Fair took place here. [http://expomuseum.com/1873/ This site] comes with interesting links about the Fair.

'''knout-fancier''' 
The knout was a heavy whip used for punishment and compulsion in Russia. A knout-fancier is a sadist specializing in this instrument.

'''Capuziner''' 
Should be: Kapuziner in German.
:It should be Kapuziner in the current orthography. Capuziner was in use in the past [http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Capuziner Entry in a German encyclopedia published between 1857 and 1865] (German orthography was regulated in 1901 and prescribed, among other things, many conversions from c to z or k in loanwords).

The Capucines were friars whose habits were hooded. One of the monks is supposed to have invented coffee with milk steamed from the urn. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:11, 4 April 2007 (PDT)
:This monk is supposed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_d'Aviano Marco d'Aviano], but this story does not seem to have any basis. A theory that seems much more likely: The colour of the "Kapuziner" is similar to the cloth of the Capucine's habits.

The Austrian variety of Cappuccino; it is done with sweetened whipped cream instead of milk froth.
:No. A "Kapuziner" in Vienna is a Mocca to which a bit of liquid (i.e. unwhipped) whipping cream is added. What you probably mean is usually called "Franziskaner" in Vienna. See for instance [http://european-culinary-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/30_names_for_your_coffee_in_vienna this page] for a list of terms for coffee in Vienna. However, care should be taken, especially the not-so-established names may vary from place to place or be entirely unknown in many places. Also, this variety is a fairly local affair, even just outside of Vienna the coffee vocabulary is severely reduced. In rural areas one typically finds only a rather small selection of coffee types.

:The Kapuziner seems to have existed for a rather long time in Vienna and it is likely that the cappuccino took its name from it. It should be noted that a cappuccino as prepared in Italy differs from Kapuziner: Instead of mocca, the base coffee is espresso, which is topped up with steamed or frothed milk instead of (liquid) cream. While cappuccino in Italy became popular only in the 20th century, the Kapuziner apparently had been around for a longer time.

==Page 699==

[[Image:eisvogel.jpg|thumb|Restaurant Eisvogel ca. 1865|right]]

'''Leopoldstadt''' 
Vienna‘s 2nd district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldstadt Wikipedia]. The relevant 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry] reads: "Leopoldstadt which together with Brigittenau are the only districts on the left bank of the Danube Canal, is the chief commercial quarter, and is inhabited to a great extent by Jews."

'''Jewish quarter north of the Prater, across the railroad tracks''' 
The direction is wrong. The built-up areas north of the Prater are fairly recent developments (around 1900 and later) and to my knowledge were never considered a Jewish quarter. There are also no railroad tracks north of the Prater (apart from those along the Danube).

The traditional Jewish quarter, in which also many large synagogues were located, is indeed west of the Prater, towards the city center, and there have indeed been (elevated) railway tracks between this area and the Prater since the 19th century.

'''Eisvogel''' 
A traditional restaurant in the Prater. Eisvogel = kingfisher

'''the Giant Wheel''' 
[http://www.technologystudent.com/culture1/ferris1.htm The Giant Ferris Wheel] of Vienna, a landmark of the city opened in 1897, is located in the VolksPrater (Amusement Park) section of the Prater. This famous wheel rises 209 ft above the ground. It appeared in the movie ''The Third Man'' (1949): Joseph Cotten used the wheel as a meeting place with Orson Welles.

The following reference to "the infernal lilt of yet another twittering waltz" seems to cement the Third Man reference. Pynchon who once wanted to be a film critic (or so he says in a letter to his agent) would certainly be aware of the movie, as well as Anton Karas's zither Viennese waltz which haunts the movie (a real earworm). Also, we're definitely in Graham Greene (who penned the screenplay) noir espionage thriller down-with-Austrian-imperialism territory here.

'''Misha and Grisha''' 
Russian: Diminutives, nicknames, short forms of the given names ''Mikhail'' and ''Grigorii,'' Michael and Gregory. Yes, they are both masculine names (and so is Sasha in most cases).

'''IX Bezirk''' 
The Ninth District (or Ward) of Vienna. Freud among many others kept an office there [http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/honr219f/1873vien.html Wikipedia]. Basically, the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Vienna Vienna entry]; "Alsergrund, with the enormous general hospital, the military hospital and the municipal asylum for the insane, is the medical quarter." is still valid nowadays.

==Page 700==

'''The Colonel himself removed the blindfold''' 
see Cyprian's conversation with his father at P.491 - "Are you a general?" "More like a Colonel."

'''non-Prussian, indeed crypto-Oriental, blood''' 
Some writers were at pains to equate brutal Germans with Huns.

In case the Colonel is Max Khäutsch this recalls Lew‘s first impression when meeting him as a watchdog of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at the Columbian Fair (p. 47): "... the oblique plains of his face revealing an origin somewhere in the Slavic vastness of Europe as yet but lightly traveled by the recreational visitor..."

'''whipping him''' 
Persons interested in such practices, among whom I would never *ever* be numbered, might look askance at an author who muddies the distinction between use of a cane and of a whip.

'''Volksgarten''' 
A park in Vienna‘s inner city, close to the parliament [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgarten_Wien german Wikipedia]

'''"Ritter Georg Hoch!"''' 
a hymn (sung to [http://ingeb.org/Lieder/prinzeug.mid this tune]) to the Führer of the "Alldeutsche Vereinigung", Ritter Georg von Schönerer (1842-1921), Austrian politician, Pan-Germanist, Arch-Anti-Semite, Slavophobe, Anti-Catholic. He was a son of Austrian Railroad Tycoon Matthias Schönerer. Schönerer‘s ideas had a major influence on Adolf Hitler who lived in Vienna 1908-1913 (aged 19-24) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%B6nerer Wikipedia] [http://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Vienna-Apprenticeship-Brigitte-Hamann/dp/0195140532/sr=1-3/qid=1169966673/ref=sr_1_3/002-4941751-7235229?ie=UTF8&s=books interesting book]

==Page 701==

'''Crikey''' 
euphemism for Christ. (according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the link between 'crikey' and 'Christ' is uncertain. It is certainly an exclamation of astonishment.)

'''Newmarket''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_495|page 495: Newmarket]].

'''Theign, Derrick''' 
Book title, Anglo-Saxon Theign: The collapse of Roman rule in Britain was not so much a sudden catastrophe as a long and drawn-out decline. The 'Celtic' Britons retreated gradually to the highland areas of Wales, Cornwall and the south-west of Scotland. Control of the fertile eastern lowlands was lost to warriors of Germanic origin who migrated from the Continent. These Germanic conquerors have become known to history as the 'Anglo-Saxons.' The word theign (or thane) referred to a noble ruler like an earl. Macbeth was 'thane of Cordor.'

In Henry James' novel The Outcry, there's a widowed Lord Theign, who to cover the gambling debts of his daughter Kitty Imber, is planning to sell his beautiful painting Duchess of Waterbridge by Sir Joshua Reynolds to American billionaire Breckinridge Bender; code name "Good Shepherd" in Vienna.

==Page 702==

'''Zsuzsa''' 
Pronounced ZHOO-zha. Has TRP been watching "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy"? The artiste in maquillage will give Cyprian's hair a little ''zhözh.''
:A name shared, coincidentally no doubt, with the Zsuzsa Szabo of Mason & Dixon, "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

'''atelier''' 
Designer's/craftman's studio

'''Hotel Neue Mutzenbacher''' 
Josefine Mutzenbacher is a (probably fictional) Vienna courtesan from the 1906 novel of the same title. The novel was published anonymously, but is often ascribed to Felix Salten (author of "Bambi"). It is regarded as the only important work of pornographic literature in the German language, but didn't find a large audience until the 1970s. Josefine gets abused as a child and starts working as a prostitute at the age of 14, both of which is described in much detail. The novel has repeatedly been subject of discussions about artistic freedom, and was indexed as youth-endangering text in Germany in 1982, which was overruled in 1990 by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Mutzenbacher Wikipedia]

The popularity in the 1970s has mostly been due to the homonymous movie version directed by Kurt Nachmann, which cleverly circumvented censorship by creating optical metaphors. The movie (rated 18+) became a classic and led actress Christine Schuberth (portraying the main character as a young adult) to minor stardom. Many follow-ups (also of openly pornographic nature) have been produced since.

==Page 703==

'''Stiftskaserne''' 
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiftskaserne Stiftskaserne in German]. Brief summary of that entry: The name means Orphanage Barracks.
: This is a misunderstanding. "Stift" (being a contraction of "Stiftung") roughly translates to "foundation," in the sense of a privately funded organization or structure. The first foundation at the location of today's Stiftskaserne was an orphanage. It was later converted into an engineering academy and eventually into barracks. So it would rather mean "Foundation Barracks".

Rather imposing building in Vienna's Seventh District, dating back to 1850s in its present form, used as orphanage, school, military prison, troop quarters, today houses some offices of Austrian Defense Ministry.

'''''Fiaker''...''Fiakerlieder''''' 
Traditional Viennese two horse cab [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=17 website]. "Fiakerlieder" are songs about/sung by the cabbys, more often than not of the sentimental kind.

There is a famous (well, in Austria) song known as ''Fiakerlied'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Pick Gustav Pick], composed for the 100-year celebration of the Fiaker's guild in Prater, and sung on this occasion by the well-known actor Alexander Girardi. It became a classic piece of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrammelmusik Schrammel music], and for some time something like an inofficial hymn of Vienna; at least the chorus ("I bin hoid a echts Weana Kind" - "I'm just a genuine child of Vienna") is still very well-known.
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWmt-cMYADo A pre-1920 recording of Alexander Girardi singing the Fiakerlied.]

'''Süd-Bahnhof''' 
One of Vienna‘s main railway stations [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_S%C3%BCdbahnhof Wikipedia]. Located about a mile from the city‘s center. From here trains would leave towards the south [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Southern_Railway "Südbahn"]. This railway wasnt nationalized until 1924.

'''Ostend Express...Staatsbahn''' 
Thats quite confusing: the Vienna-Ostend-Express (on tracks 1894-1914 & 1925 until mid 1990‘s [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende-Wien-Express german Wikipedia]) left from the Westbahnhof [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbahnhof%2C_Vienna Wikipedia]. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Western_Railway "Westbahn"] was nationalized (german: verstaatlicht) in 1882, so "Staatsbahn" might refer to the Westbahnhof. However, from 1910-1914 the "Staatsbahnhof" was the railwaystation where trains to the east left Vienna - no trains to Belgium or a home further west there.

'''"A thousand Kreuzer? That isn‘t even ten quid.", ..."thirty K. per day"''' 
It is rather unlikely that Theign hands out "Kreuzer", unless the Fiaker-ride takes place pre-1900: Austrian currency from 1892 on was the "Krone" ("Crown"; abbrevation: K.) which consisted of 100 "Heller" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone Wikipedia]. From January 1st, 1900, on it completely replaced the "Gulden" which had consisted of 60 "Kreuzer" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_gulden Wikipedia]. But then, maybe, the old nomination "Kreuzer" remained as a common term for the new currency‘s smaller unit "Heller" for some while afterwards. "Quid" is slang for the British Pound Sterling [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling Wikipedia]. According to [http://www.mswth.com/calculators.html this site] ten "quid" from early 1900s would equal some 700+ pounds as per 2006. 
: Kreuzer was the nickname for a 2 Heller coin.

'''...passing electric lamplight flaring...''' 
According to [http://www.magwien.gv.at/licht/gesch.htm this site (german)] in the early 1900s most of Viennas street lights with the exception of the inner city were still gas lights.

==Page 704==

'''''Kuppelei''''' 
German: Procuring, pimping.

'''Not even if England expects it''' 
Allusion to Nelson's signal at Trafalgar: "England expects that every man will do his duty."

'''''if you turn, you die''''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif, as well as that of the classical Greek myth of Orpheus and Euridice, where lyre-player Orpheus descends to the Underworld and plays; as a reward he is told that his beloved Euridice may follow him up to earth and marry him -- but he should not look back before arriving home. He does, and she disappears back to Hades. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:23, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

==Page 705==

'''"He chortles. Bitterly."''' 
A typo ? Should be ''He chortles. Bitterly.'' without the quotation marks ?

I don't think so: Cyprian is saying this aloud, just being clever.[[User:Soupface|Soupface]] 02:34, 2 March 2007 (PST) 
I agree with Soupface. [[User:Owl of Minerva|Owl of Minerva]] 18:24, 4 April 2007 (PDT)

'''Buon Pastore''' 
Good Shepherd in Italian.

'''Semlin''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemun Semlin], German for Zemun, is a major suburb of Belgrade, Serbia. At the time of the novel it belonged to Croatia-Slavonia (within Austria-Hungary), so Theign did not cross the border to Serbia.

'''Zagreb''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb Zagreb] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.

'''Venice''' 
At this point I thought it is worth mentioning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch Leopold von Sacher-Masoch] and his novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_in_Furs Venus in Furs]'' (''Venus im Pelz''). It apparently contains whippings and (female) domination, and also a trip to Italy, Florence; in real life, Sacher-Masoch traveled to Venice in an analogous situation. However, its beginning is not set in Vienna, but Sacher-Masoch was a citizen of Austria-Hungary and lived in Vienna for some time.

==Page 706==

'''''pensione''''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_578|page 578: ''pensione'']], a cheap Italian hotel.

'''Santa Croce''' 
[http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_santa_croce.htm Santa Croce] is one of the six sestieri (districts) of Venice. It lies on the opposite side of the Grand Canal to the main railway station of Venice.

'''Mestre bridge''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre Mestre] is a town in Veneto, northern Italy. Located on the mainland but is connected to Venice by a bridge.

'''Crotona''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_633|page 633: Crotona in Magna Grecia Crotona]] (should be: Crotone) is a city in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.

'''Some sort of strange sheep's-milk cheese from Crotona''' 
There is ''pecorino crotonese'', but I don't see what would be strange about it. A strange cheese from Calabria (the region in which Crotone is located) is ''casu du quagghiu'', which contains live larvae and is also made of sheep milk. This kind of cheese can apparently be found all over Italy, the most well-known variant being ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casu_marzu casu marzu]'' from Sardinia.

But maybe this phrase should just allude to something Pythagorean (Pythagoras and his followers were based in Crotone, then called Kroton).

'''Admiralty''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty Admiralty], before 1964, was the authority in Britain responsible for the command of the Royal Navy.

'''Arsenale''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenale Arsenale di Venezia], the military-naval heart of Venice.
Cf. [[ATD_849-863#Page_854|pg 854]]:the image had entered the Arsenale

'''". . . miniature submarines . . . launched from the bow as if they themselves were torpedoes."''' 
This might refer to the "Ortella", from which - in WW2 - the Italians launched manned topedoes [http://www.comandosupremo.com/Decima.html Website]

'''Spezia . . . San Bartolomeo works''' 
[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/SOL_STE/SPEZIA.html Spezia] is a city of Liguria, Italy, 56 miles southeast of Genoa. It is the Chief Naval Harbor of Italy since 1861. The entrace is protected by forts while a submarine embankment renders it secure. The establishment of San Bartolomeo is exclusively used for electrical works and the manufacture of submarine weapons, especially torpedoes.

'''''Glauco'' class''' 
[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/glauco_class.htm ''Glauco'' class] submarines were built between 1905 - 1909; and they were: ''Glauco'' (05), ''Squalo'' (06), ''Narvalo'' (06), ''Otaria'' (08) and ''Tricheco'' (09).

'''"we of the futurity"''' 
Who is speaking from such an omniscient 'future"?
If we assume the ''we of the futurity'' is the readership, it is also possible to equate us the readers, as voyagers into the past via the novel, with the ''they'' who raid the past to support an unsustainable future (our own?), raiders like Ryder Thorn (p. 551 ff, esp. p. 554-5). Which raises questions about the status of the novel itself as a device for time travel/depradation.

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_529|page 529: Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa]].

==Page 707==

'''Voznab''' 
A typically Russian way of abbreviating a phrase with a lot of syllables.

'''''vozdushnyi nablyudenie''''' 
Russian: as translated in the text, but the gender agreement is wrong (should be ''vozdushnoye'').

'''...they may want you back at the Metternichgasse''' 
This refers most likely to the British Embassy in Vienna which is located at Metternichgasse 6. [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/landstrasse/page.asp/2119.htm source, historical photos]. As this adress is in the "Embassy-Quarter" of Vienna it could refer to another Embassy (Among others, the Embassies of Germany, Italy and China reside at Metternichgasse as well).

'''Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch Ashby-de-la-Zouch] is a small market town in the county of Leicestershire, England.

==Page 708==

'''unreflective desire''' 
Probably from a translation of Plato's ''Phaedrus.''

'''Partagas''' 
Brand of cigar; touts itself as "The World's Richest Cigar".

'''R.U.S.H.''' 
Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. Rush has become known for the instrumental virtuosity of its members, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and individualist libertarian philosophy, as well as addressing humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Following the deaths of his wife and daughter, Peart embarked on a self-described "healing journey" ''by motorcycle'' in which he traveled extensively across North America. He subsequently wrote about his travels in his book ''Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road''. Their 1975 album ''Caress of Steel'' contains a track called ''Under the Shadow'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)#Discography].

Interesting interpretation, given the Peart connection, but I think the acronym is pretty self-explanatory, since it refers to a group of speedy motorcyclists...

==Page 709==

'''the goddes Kali''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali Hindu goddes Kali] of darkness and violence associated with ''Shiva''; but sometimes she was considered as a benevolenet mother-goddess. "Kali" is from the Sanskrit feminine for "time" and also for "black", and has been translated as "She who is time," "She who devours time," "She who is the Mother of Time," "She who is black time," -- all of which have resonance with themes in the book.

==Page 710==

'''vecchio fazool''' 
Mock-Italian: old bean (fazool being a vernacular version of the correct italian word "fagioli")

'''Santa Lucia Station''' 
[http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_railroad_station.htm Santa Lucia Station] is Venice main railway station in the city itself. The other main station (Mestre Station mentioned on page 706) is on the mainland.

'''Graz''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_519|page 519: Graz]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz]

==Page 711==

'''the Evidenzbüro''' 
The Military and Counterespionage Organization in Vienna; also called the Combinbed Military Intelligence Agency of Austria.
This [http://www.washintonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/a_centur.htm Washinton Post article], Chapter 1 of a book ''A Century of Spies'', mentioned the Evidenzbüro in "The Czar's Spies" section. (This article also wrote about ''Sidney Reilly'', aka Chong of page 630 ATD, in "Sidney Reilly" section).

==Page 712==
'''Mozart Piano Concerto''' 
The first thing that springs to mind is the so-called 'Elvira Madigan' theme, which is an adagio from a Mozart piano concerto, but not K488. Nevertheless it seems relevant. Mozart was not a Romantic composer, and his adagio had nothing to do with the Elvira Madigan story of love and suicide. The association was only created by the film. So Cyprian would have to be 'prophetic' to have any such association. The general idea is that he has some kind of slow, fateful-sounding music as the 'score' for his personal film. But see below, "Romance".

'''"history of human emotion" 
Ah, wow! Cf. 'range of emotions' earlier.

'''subfusc 
subfusc \sub-FUHSK\, adjective:
Dark or dull in color; drab, dusky. It is also used in British slang to mean "under the table," in secret.

'''"romance"..in the history of human emotion..showed [with] great trembling through to "a hateful future"''' 
Some connection. The Romantic movement in music/art led to a hateful future? 
Certain elements of Romanticism, especially Late Romanticism, for example its over-the-top cult of love-and-death, heroics and Germanic mythology (Wagner) were influential on Nazism. And of course Hitler saw himself as a Wagnerian figure. On the whole Romanticism has been associated, especially by Marxist historians, with a dangerous kind of 'idealism', easily perverted into the total conviction that you're the good guy because you have the right ideals that can justify anything (anyone for 'freedom'?). As opposed to good old historical materialism (easily perverted etc. etc....).

'''Hotel Klomser''' 
Colonel Alfred Redl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Redl] was an Austrian intelligence officer who, when blackmailed by Russian Intelligence because of his homosexual activities, betrayed Austria's entire military plan for Serbia and for general mobilization in case of war with Russia. Caught by his own men, he committed suicide at the Hotel Klomser in 1913[http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/redl_a,3.html]. [http://www.burgenkunde.at/wien/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann/w_palais_batthyany-strattmann.htm This site] comes with photos of what the Hotel Klomser looks like today and a (German) account of the buildings history.

'''angles of repose''' 
Positions assumed by falling objects at their final eqilibrium point (geological); title and guiding image of a novel by Wallace Stegner, also involving western mining districts.

'''coffee...ultramodern machines''' 
The description suggests a vacuum coffee pot, at that time popular, though not new. For the historical background, look [http://baharris.org/coffee/History.htm here].

'''''Feinschmeckerei''''' 
German: epicureanism.; being a gourmet.

==Page 713==

'''history of civilization as distinguished by the asymptotic approach of industrial production tolerances...to some mythical, never attained Zero."

1. Six-Sigma: the processes of eliminating systematic production variance so as to approach a six sigma success rate of 99.99966% (compare to Ivory's 99.44% pure) or less than 3.4 defects per million "opportunities."
Which is 0.00034% which is asymptotically approaching a theoretical, though never attained Zero. 
2. Closely tied to this is the idea of computer availability at 5-Nines.
Which translates to system downtown of 5.2 minutes of downtime per year.
Six Sigma computer availability would be less than 1 minute of downtime per year. 
3. Within the Pynchon lexicon: the history of civilization as the drive to the 00000 rocket of ''GR''. (5 Zeros vs. 5 Nines). 
4. Production tolerances -- civilization as the drive to ethnic (reproductive) purity. Germany of 1940 had 80.6MM people. At a Six-Sigma level there would have been only 275 people not within "tolerance."

'''Sachertorte mit Schlag''' 
A world-renowned Viennese cake, here served with whipped cream. The next part of the exchange notes that ''Schlag'' also means a blow, English cognate - slug.

'''praetorian''' 
A judge in ancient Rome. It can also be a reference to the Praetorian Guard used by Roman Emperors but this is unlikely. Therefore we must assume a "praetorian apparatus" is a judge apparatus.

'''Miskolci''' 
Hungarian name derived from the town of Miskolc.

'''''Dracula''''' 
Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' was published in 1897 and indeed very popular at that time [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Wikipedia].

'''haematophages''' 
Hematophagy is the habit of feeding on blood. There might be a hint at the Catholic eucharist and transsubstantiation, drinking wine as the blood of Jesus; the "subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange" establishes a ritual community, though all religious implications apparently fall away.

'''first Moroccan crisis''' 
Triggered in 1905 by a visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Morocco. Due to German economical interests, Wilhelm argued for Moroccan independence and thereby affronted France as a colonial power. France immediately got supported by Britain, which weakened Germany's position lastingly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis Wikipedia].

==Page 714==

'''Zentralbad''' 
Was written "Centralbad" back then. A bathing establishment in Viennas Inner City, nowadays the gay sauna "Kaiserbründl". [http://www.kaiserbruendl.at/neue_seite_4.htm website] (the site comes with english "history" and depictions of "Viennese Orientalism" - for German readers the "Presse" section is the most informative regarding the history). It's architecture is said to have influenced director Fritz Lang's movies architecture [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm source]

'''literalism of the hydropathic''' 
This might refer to the fact that the Centralbad - other than most of Vienna‘s Inner City houses since at least 1873, when the water supply main between the alps and the city was accomplished [http://wasserwerk.at/geswien2.htm german weblink] - still took its water from its own well. This gave rise to quite a few discussions, that the Centralbad‘s water, what with the leaking canalisation system of the city, might be unhealthy. [http://www3.billrothhaus.at/cgi-bin/project2/showtext.pl?PE_ID=6&VO_ID=5&PAGE=293&ZOOMED=25 source (German)]
[[Image:Dianabad.jpg|thumb|Dianabad - Men‘s Steambath ca. 1910|right]]

'''Astarte-Bad... far out on one of the "K" or river-quay lines''' 
No establishment of that name in Vienna as far as the contributor knows. It most likely refers to a bath named after another antique goddess, the "Dianabad" [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianabad German Wikipedia], though this is/was not located "far out" on the river-quai line, but is just across the "Donaukanal" from Vienna‘s Inner City northwestern corner. According to sources [http://wiener-tramwaymuseum.org/stadtver.htm 1]

In 1907 Viennese a nifty schema for tramway lines was introduced, which (with some simplifications and modifications) more or less is still in use today ([http://xover.mud.at/~tramway/cafe/l.pdf extensive description in German]). It basically assigns numbers to radial and tangential (with respect to the city center) lines. The city center itself is surrounded by the innermost "circle" of this system, formed by Ring and Kai (along the Donaukanal, a branch of the Danube). Several tram lines went on radial routes to this inner circle, ran on it, and then go radial again. In order to know whether the tram turns right or left when reachig the inner circle,
index K indicated "towards Kai" and R "towards Ring". Apart from "far out" everything would work here, all K lines reach the Kai, and Dianabad is just across the Donaukanal from the Kai.

Astarte (Biblical Ashtaroth) was a Middle-Eastern goddess corresponding to Greek Aphrodite - i.e. goddess of love, fertility etc. and thus the exact opposite of the virginal Diana. Suggesting that all sorts of things probably went on that wouldn't be tolerated at the Dianabad.

'''Leclanché cells''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanche_cell A kind of wet-cell storage battery] with sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) as the electrolyte.

'''Cosmoline''' 
A brand of petrolatum or petroleum jelly.

'''Electricity!...the 'elan vital' itself....! 
'elan vital' = life force.
Ironically thematic?

Oh, much more than that ! Élan Vital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lan_Vitalis] is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in his book L'Évolution créatrice (Creative Evolution, complete English text here: [http://web.archive.org/web/20060516195812/http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Bergson/Bergson_1911a/Bergson_1911_toc.html]), published in 1907. In it, Bergson postulates a number of complicated theories with spiritualist leanings , among them a definition of "duration" which implies a subjective experience of time, as opposed to mathematical, objectively measurable "clock time." As for the link with electricity, some followers of Bergson's ideas assumed that this Élan Vital ("Life Force" or "Vital Impetus") could be injected in an inanimate substance and activated with electricity, perhaps taking literally another of Bergson's metaphorical descriptions, the "current of life". A lot of ideas developed in L'évolution Créatrice appear throughout AtD. More on Bergson here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson]

'''''Beda Chanson‘s "Ausgerechnet Bananen"''''' 
Friedrich Löhner-Beda (1883-1942) was one of the most successful Austrian writers of lyrics for popular music and cabarets in the 1920s and early 30s, usually signing as "Beda" [http://www.virtualvienna.net/community/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=303 weblink]. He translated/adapted Frank Silver and Irving Cohn's song [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes%2C_We_Have_No_Bananas "Yes, We Have No Bananas"] (released 1923 (!)) into German. While the original makes fun of a fruitshop-owner who cant say "we run out of bananas", Beda's german version is the lamento of a beau/Don Juan about the capricious demands - the fruit being the symbol of the exotic back then and hard to find in Europe - of the adored lady. "Ausgerechnet Bananen" translates as: "Of all things, bananas (Bananas she's asking of me)". [http://ingeb.org/songs/yeswehav.html english/german lyrics] 

'''Yzhitsa''' 
In the pre-1917 Russian alphabet, the last letter (not available in this character set), used in a few Greek-derived words. In present-day Russian it's called ''izhitsa,'' but the letter is shaped a little like a '''Y''' and may be correctly transliterated so. "To write izhitsa to someone" means to eliminate them.

==Page 715==

'''''Liebling''''' 
German: darling.

'''Kundschaftsstelle''' 
German: reconnaissance office.

'''''Honigfalle''''' 
German: honey trap. A honey trap in espionage-speak is a seduction, either as motivator or as basis for blackmail. This passage suggests, or at least plants the suspicion, that Theign has become a double agent.

'''Leo Slezak''' 
Tenor, born in Moravia 1873, performed in Europe and America, died 1946. His son was the actor Walter Slezak. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Slezak Wikipedia]

'''the Opera House''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera#The_opera_house The Vienna State Opera House], a neo-romantic building, was inaugurated on May 25, 1869 with Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' and rebuilt after World War II. The rebuilt house, seating more than 2,200, reopened on November 5, 1955.

'''Verbindungsbahn''' 
German: junction line.

'''''Dickwanst . . . Fettarsch''''' 
German: potbelly . . . fat-ass.

These words are rather colloquial, but typical for Germany. Viennese people, especially in those times would rather not have used them, but for instance "Gfüda" ("Gefüllter" - "stuffed one"), "Blader" ("blad" [blah-d] is Viennese jargon for "corpulent"), or (ruder) "blade Sau" ("fat pig"). Then again, the callers could have been people from Germany.

'''Favoriten''' 
Vienna‘s 10th district [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favoriten Wikipedia].
It is a multi-ethnic, working-class, densely populated area.

'''huge Socialist demonstrations''' 
1909 - 1911 Vienna‘s Socialist Party organized several huge demonstrations culminating in one against the rapidly increasing prices for meat on September 17, 1911, with 36.000+ participants. Not only police but military as well "observed" the demonstrators, thus increasing their nervosity and aggressivity. Though the party's politicians tried to calm the masses it came to clashes after the demonstration dissolved itself. The military forces chased the participants out of Vienna‘s center back into the outer districts, resulting in three casualities, ninety wounded by the cavallery and 200 busts. [http://www.dasrotewien.at/online/page.php?P=11697&PHPSESSID=99dcfc58475e6ff3192a11bc9154fa12 website] 
--plausible, but confusing. This scene is set during the first Moroccan crisis, thus in 1905 or 1906. According to the website you cite, the unrest did not occur until 1911, which would coincide with the second Moroccan crisis.

--I agree: its confusing and I have quite a problem with the timetable throughout this novel. However I dont agree with: "This scene is set during the first Moroccan Crisis." The scene which is set during the first Moroccan Crisis is the one in which Theign came to appreciate the "help" provided by Miskolci (p. 713). Further up on p. 713 we have learned that Cyprian during this very jourmey to Vienna (which eventually will lead him into the turmoils of the huge socialist demonstrations in question here) happens to run into several members of Theigns "praetorian apparatus" which had been put together "over his (Theigns) years on the Vienna station." Miskolci obviously is one such member and TP tells us the story how he became a praetorian during the first Morrocan Crisis - his proposition to help Theign therefore might have happened quite some time - maybe even years - before Cyprian meets Miskolci on p. 715. Whenever the demonstrations take place on the historical timetable, Theign obviously isnt in Vienna (what with having let Cyprian travel to Vienna with the Südbahn alone (p. 710-712)), and the first Morroccan Crisis belongs to the past already.
Be it as it may, there have been huge (socialist) demonstrations from 1905 to 07, too: [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=12230&bid=12571 foto] That time they demonstrated for a reform of the electoral law [http://www.wien.spoe.at/online/page.php?P=11730 1]
[http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/de/startseite/themen/demokratiedebatten/wahlen/wahlrechtsentwicklung_in_oesterreich_1848_bis_heute.html 2] several times, which massively favored priests, high ranking officials and military, hugescale landlords etc.. With some success: 1907, for the first time, all males of 24+ yrs. were allowed to vote and their ballott was worth the same for poor and privileged. No records of police/military excesses during these demonstrations I could find on the web, though.

'''the Ringstrasse''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringstra%C3%9Fe The Ringstrasse] is a circula road surrounding the Innere Stadt (Inner City) district of Vienna. The Opera House of Vienna is located here.

'''return of the repressed''' 
A psychoanalytic term, from Freud himself in which our refusal to honour or recognise an impulse--usually the sexual impulse-- does not drive the impulse away. It returns in a dehumanised way, transformed into something wild and destructive.
Here, applied to marching working-class men and women, the psychoanalytic
meaning merges with the social meaning, it seems: 'the oppressed.' The capitalist bankers and industrialists had been able to repress the thought of the poverty-stricken and malnourished workers by living away from working-class neighborhoods, but as organized Socialists, the 'repressed' returned to central Vienna

==Page 716==

'''Czerny's ''School of Velocity''''' 
Music students' exercise book; velocity is of course a term in calculating a vector. 
[http://www.carolinaclassical.com/czerny/ ''Carl Czerny''] (1791-1857), an Austrain piano teacher and composer. Remebered as the most famous piano student of Beethoven, he developed a reputation as one of the most significant piano teachers of the 19th Century. His pupils included Thalberg, Liszt and Heller, and his pedagogical works had and continue to have wide currency.

'''Mariahilf''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariahilf Mariahilf] is the name of Vienna's sixth district.

'''Snazzbury's Silent Frock''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_500|page 500: Snazzbury & Silent Frock]].

'''Cloak of invisibility''' 
Harry Potter reference. Any other echoes? 
Sure, the ''Tarnhelm'' in [http://www.wagneroperas.com/indexwagneroperas.html Wagner's Ring operas] (it appears in ''Das Rheingold, Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung''). The Tarnhelm can render the wearer invisible or make him seem to be someone else. 
And pretty close to the pub date of ''AtD,'' [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061019-invisible-cloak.html a real-world invisibility cloak] was revealed, if that's the right word.

'''Both offices''' 
The Okhrana, Russian secret police, and the Kundschaftsstelle, Austrian security agency.

==Page 717==

'''the Japanese war, rebellions up and down the rail lines.''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_595|page 595: Japanese won & In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines.]]

'''Volks-Prater''' 
Inside the (Vienna) Prater an area closest to the city center contains a large amusement park known as Volksprater (People's Prater). At its entrance stands the Giant (Ferris) Wheel.

'''Venedig in Wien''' 
''Venice in Vienna''. A theme park in Volks-Prater, was opened in May 1895. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V Alpha Index]

'''the Doge's Palace''' 
Located next to the Piazza San Marco, the Doge's Palace is one of the most famous sites in Venice. This is the home and offices of the Doges of Venice. See [http://jssgallery.org/Essay/Venice/San_Marco/Dodge_Palace/Photo_West_Elevation_Ducale.htm Doge's Palace Photo].

'''the Ca' d'Oro''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca'_d'Oro The Ca' d'Oro] (the ''Golden House'') is one of the most beautiful palazzos on the Grand Canal in Venice. It was built between 1428 to 1430 for the Contarini family. In 1922 it was bequeathed to the State by its last owner. It is now open to the public as a gallery.

'''Hypatia''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria Hypatia] Ca. 370-415, Alexandrian mathematician, astrologer and Neo-Plantonist murdered, physically torn to shreds, by a Christian mob.

==Page 718==

[[Image:Dobner1.jpg|thumb|regulars at Dobner‘s on the day it closed its doors (1909)|right]]
'''Colney Hatch''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_239|page 239: Colney Hatch]] 
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum (or Friern Hospital) was a hospital located in Colney Hatch in what is now the London Borough of Barnet. It was in operation from 1851 to 1993. At its height the asylum was home to 3,500 mental patients and had the longest corridor in Britain, and hence, its name was synonymous among Londoners with any mental institution [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colney_Hatch_Lunatic_Asylum].

'''Dobner''' 
A coffehouse located at Getreidemarkt 1. According to the text that came with the source of the foto of its interior it closed its doors in 1909. From [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: "...the Cafe Dobner, on a busy corner where the Getreidemarkt cuts the Linke Wienzeile. With its billiard tables and cabaret performances, the Dobner was well-known as a meeting place for theater artists, opera stars, journalists, and beautiful prostitutes." [[Image:Dobner2.jpg|thumb|Dobner at Getreidemarkt Nr.1 ca. 1900|right]]

'''Getreidemarkt''' 
German: grain market. The street separating Vienna‘s 1st ("Inner City") and 6th ("Mariahilf") district.

'''Szekszárdi Vörös''' 
Red wine from the Szekszárd region of Hungary.

'''Gewürztraminer''' 
White wine from Alsace. Not necessarily so, but most of it traditionally is produced there. It is an earthy white wine that tastes slightly of herbs. Its origin is North Eastern Italy (the village of Tramin in Alto-Aldige) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer Wikipedia]

'''a white cloth bag of tarhonya from the previous century''' 
Tarhonya are tiny pellets of dried pasta, a popular and well-storable ingredient in Hungarian country cooking.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_618|page 618: the Anglo-Russian Entente]].

'''Romanoffs''' 
Also spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanov ''Romanovs''], the last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917.

==Page 719==

'''Otzovist''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Otzovists]].

'''Vienna teeming with Bolshies''' 
Bolshies: an anachronistic nickname for Bolshevists or Bolsheviks. Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|page 616: Bolshevists]]. Trotsky in pre-WWI exile was based in Vienna, Lenin also stayed there for a while, and Stalin's only taste of the West before assuming power was a visit to the imperial city.

'''Mrs. Burchell''' 
Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Mrs. Burchell]].

'''the Serbian outrage''' 
The assassination of the Serbian royal couple (June 11, 1903), which Mrs. Burchell predicted on page 228. Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page_228|page 228: Alexander and Draga Obrenovich, the King and Queen of Serbia]].

'''''nervnost'''''' 
Russian: edginess.

==Page 720==

'''"Monsieur Azeff"''' 
Yevno Fishelevich Azeff (1869-1918), Social Revolutionary provocateur and terrorist; in hiding outside Russia after 1908.

'''Socialist Revolutionary''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist-Revolutionary_Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party] (SR) was a Russian political party established in 1901. It, not Lenin's Bolsheviks, played a major role in Russian 1905 Revolution (of page 595) and the 1917 February Revolution in which the Tsar regime was overthrown. The SR leader Kerensky was the Prime Minister of the new Russian Government. After Lenin's November coup the SRs faded, even though in the only democratic election held in 1918 after the Soviet came to power the SRs gained 57% of the popular vote as opposed to Bolsheviks' 25%. Lenin just disbanded the newly elected Constituent Assembly by force and arrested all those delegates who did not follow Lenin's policy. Many SRs fought against the Soviet regime in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921).

'''darázsfészek''' 
Hungarian: literally, wasps' nest. A rolled, filled pastry with almonds.

'''Dobos torte''' 
Several thin layers of sponge cake and chocolate cream, topped with a hard caramel glaze.

'''Rigó Jancsi''' 
A chocolate sponge cake with chocolate mousse filling. Named after a virtuoso Magyar Gypsy violinist, who made the headlines when he ran away with the American wife of the Belgian Duke of Chimay.

'''Váci út''' 
A street name; the second word is Hungarian: road.

'''Angel's Field''' 
''Angyalföld'' in Hungarian, a working-class neighbourhood in northern Budapest.

==Page 721==
[[Image:Spittelberg.jpg|thumb|Spittelberg today|right]]
'''Spittelberggaße''' 
should be Spittelberggasse. The Spittelberg has been a redlight district within Vienna‘s 7th district ("Neubau") for centuries (until about 1960). It is said that Giacomo Casanova enjoyed himself and a few ladies there. After renovations started in the early 1980‘s it‘s a place for the urban rich today.

'''. . . the limitless civic passion for window-shopping''' 
Two quotes from [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fritzlang.htm this article on director Fritz Lang‘s youth in Vienna]: 1. "... to visit three of the most notorious spots on Spittelberg, regarded as an immoral part of town. "Spittelberg," as Lang put it, "was not a Berg [mountain] at all, it's just that one of the streets was called that. This was where girls with exposed breasts lay in street-level windows and invited passersby to a visit with the most obvious gestures." This was Lang's first "Scarlet Street."" 2. " The family enjoyed distinctly Viennese activities, such as the promenade past elegant shop windows in the late afternoon. Lang remembered the men in their frock coats and toppers, the military clicking of heels, the corseted women with furs and boatlike hats. Idly gazing into shop windows--kicking one in, in Rancho Notorious--became ritual behavior in Lang's films. Two of his finest Hollywood dramas, The Woman in the Window and Scarlet Street, begin, with deceptive innocence, with window-shopping."

'''Josephstadt''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefstadt Josephstadt], commonly spelled Josefstadt, is the eighth, the smallest, district of Vienna.

'''catamite''' 
A boy kept for purposes of sexual perversion. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

==Page 722==

'''high-tessitura dismay''' 
Italian ''tessitura'' (literally "texture") means the way a vocal part "lies." High tessitura means sustained singing in a high register. The phrase here means screaming or shrieking.

'''bora''' 
An occasional violent cold north to northeast wind that blows over the northern Adriatic from the interior highlands. (Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary)

'''''Ma signori, um po' di moderazione, per piacere''''' 
Italian: Sirs, a little moderation, if you please. (should be: "un po'", not "um po'")

==Page 723==

'''Earl's Court''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl's_Court Earl's Court] is a place in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It is an inner-city district. Earl's Court preceded Soho as London's center of gay nightlife.

'''a Bank Holiday''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Holiday A Bank Holiday], in Britain and Ireland, is equivalent to the public holiday of the US.

'''willy''' 
slang for penis.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 644-677

2010-09-04T20:39:02Z

Bangorang: /* Page 663 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 644==

'''Union Depot''' 
El Paso's Union Depot Passenger Station was built in 1905. The Depot was the first passenger train station to be built in the United States specifically for international railway traffic. It is located at San Francisco Ave downtown El Paso vey close to the US-Mexico border. There is a rumor around in El Paso that Pancho Villa used the Depot's bell tower as a lookout for the attack of Juárez during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920). The Depot now is listed in the National Register of Historic Commission.

'''El Paso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas El Paso], the sixth largest city in Texas, is located at the western tip of Texas. It is the second largest city along the Mexican border. And lies across the Rio Grande is Juáres, Mexico, the other half of the bi-national metropolitan area.

'''Chamizal''' 
It was a disputed parcel of land between El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The dispute was caused by the differences between the bed of the Rio Grande as surveyed in 1852 and the present channel of the river. The river shifted south continually between 1852 and 1868 with the most radical shift in 1864. As a result, the newly exposed land, about 600 acres, came to be known in Spanish as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamizal El Chamizal], from ''chamiza'', the name of a species of wild cane or reed. The final resolution of the dispute came about only in 1963.

'''E.B. Soltera''' 
''Soltera'' is Spanish: spinster. Estrella Briggs, Unmarried.

'''Regeneration Equipment''' 
In chemical technology "regeneration" means taking a spent product out of the system and cleaning it up for reuse.

'''whiteness''' 
stressed motif. Cf. alabaster temples at the Columbian Exposition.Cf. whiteness in GR.

==Page 645==

'''E.P.T.''' 
El Paso, Texas.

'''buyer beware''' 
That is, ''caveat emptor''.

==Page 646==

'''Sakes''' 
For heaven's sakes.

'''Geronimo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo Geronimo] (1829-1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who fought against the encroachment of the United States on his tribal lands and perople for over 25 years.

'''Willow and Holt''' 
Willow: Stray's sister (pp. 361 & 367), Holt: Willow's husband (p. 367)

==Page 647==

'''''For really it was the sidekick who presented the problem. Restless type. Fair hair, hat back on his head so the big brim sort of haloed his face, shiny eyes and low-set, pointed ears like an elf's...''''' 
Billy the Kid? No, he died in 1881. 
[http://www.imdb.com/gallery/mptv/1258/Mptv/1258/3306_0333.jpg?path=pgallery&path_key=Wilder,%20Gene The Waco Kid,] the gunfighter played by Gene Wilder in ''Blazing Saddles''?

'''Daisy, Daisy''' 
"Daisy Bell" is a popular song whose lyrics ("Daisy, Daisy, Give me your answer do...I'm half crazy, all for the love of you..." as well as the line "...a bicycle built for two") are considerably better known than the song's actual title.
"Daisy Bell" was composed by Harry Dacre in 1892. As David Ewen writes in American Popular Songs: "When Dacre, an English popular composer, first came to the United States, he brought with him a bicycle, for which he was charged duty. His friend (the songwriter William Jerome) remarked lightly: 'It's lucky you didn't bring a bicycle built for two, otherwise you'd have to pay double duty.' Dacre was so taken with the phrase 'bicycle built for two' that he decided to use it in a song. That song, Daisy Bell, first became successful in a London music hall, in a performance by Kate Lawrence. Tony Pastor was the first one to sing it in the United States. Its success in America began when Jennie Lindsay brought down the house with it at the Atlantic Gardens on the Bowery early in 1892." Wikipedia....see this for memorable occasions of its use.
It was evidently sung at the OK Corral gunfight, if TRP says so but I have not substantiated this yet.

:Pynchon did not say Doc Holliday sang "Daisy, Daisy" before or during the Gunfight. But Doc Holliday, in his "rejoinder to Frank McLaury", did use the 1880s' slang phrase "daisy" — according to some accounts. After the Gunfight people then, claimed by Pynchon, used the song "Daisy, Daisy" as a "sort of telegraphic code . . . for Boot Hill" (graveyard, see page 648). 

More popularly, sung by HAL, the failing shipboard computer, as it is disabled in Stanley Kubrick's film ''2001, A Space Odyssey.''

Agreed. Although all that's interesting enough info I guess, the most relevant piece of data that we need to make sense of the text in question and not just tangential random association is what the directly alluded to "rejoinder" itself was, namely:

"I've got you now," McLaury challenged.

"Blaze away! You're a daisy if you have," countered Holliday. (Daily Nugget, Oct 27, 1881)

Also of interest is how Doc didn't shoot McLaury following this exchange according to the autopsy reports, but got skimmed in the ass by McLaury but Morgan Earp actually got the killshot, thus proving Doc's bluster or bravery to be just that, a ballsy but not necessarily factually accurate "rejoinder" in the heat of a shoot-out.

==Page 648==
'''at the O.K. Corral''' 
It refers to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunfight_at_the_O.K._Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral]. The 30-second event occurred on October 26, 1881, in a vacant lot, behind the corral in Tombstone, AZ. It was Wyatt Earp, Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Doc Holliday fought against Frank McLaury, Tom McLaury, Ike Clanton, Billy Clanton, Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller. Frank and Tom McLaury and Billy Clanton were killed while Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Holliday were wounded. The gunfight supposed to be between law-and-order and open banditry and rustling in frontier towns of the Old West. The Gunfight has been the subject of many many books, movies, songs, . . . etc.

'''Boot Hill''' 
It is the name for any number of cemeteries, chiefly in th American West. During the 19th century it was a common name for the burial grounds of gunfighters or those who "died with their boots on" (ie. violently). Also, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_Hill Boot Hill] graves were made for people who died in a strange town without assets for a funeral.
The most famous Boot Hill graveyard of the Old West is, of course, in Tombstone, AZ. Buired at the site are various victims of violence and desease in Tombstone's early years, including those from the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Boot Hill was also the destination for bad-men and those lynched or legally hanged in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone%2C_Arizona Tombstone, AZ].

==Page 649==
'''Rosie's Cantina''' 
As found in Marty Robbins's 1959 hit song "El Paso" (a song frequently covered by the Grateful Dead). When the exiled narrator attempts to return to the cantina, he sees to his right "five mounted cowboys/Off to my left ride a dozen or more."

...Night-time would find me in Rosa's cantina;
Music would play and Felina would whirl.

The rest of the lyrics: [http://www.cowboylyrics.com/lyrics/robbins-marty/el-paso-11889.html El Paso].

'''L.&O.L.''' 
Law and Order League Cf page 644.

also internet slang for Laughing Out Loud (LOL). 
or "Lots of Luck"

'''light draining away''' 
cf. p.198: "He watched the light over the ranges slowly draining away", as Webb dies.

==Page 650==

'''ocotillo''' 
[http://weather.nmsu.edu/AbqPlantList/dshrub/Ocotillo.htm Ocotillo] is a drought-deciduous shrub. It can have anywhere from 6 to 100 wand like branches that grow from the root crown with a stem anywhere from 9 to 30 feet tall.

'''Rock Springs''' 
Wyoming town, center of the Wyoming oil boom of the late 1970s, early 1980s, known then as a wide open town.

'''Ladies' Friend''' 
a small pistol that could be concealed in a lady's clothing.

'''Creede''' 
Central Colorado town, like Telluride once a mining town, now a ski resort.

==Page 651==

'''Dixies and Fans and Mignonettes''' 
Just typical names of bar girls?

==Page 652==

'''Karawankenbahn . . . Tauern . . . Wochein''' 
A series of tunnels constructed as part of [http://historicaltextarchive.com/books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=2&cid=13 a huge Austrian public works project] in the first years of the 20th century. They are named for ranges of mountains and hills they pass through. The objective was to develop rail transport to the port of Trieste. Read further in this entry for the location of Wochein. 

''Karawankenbahn'' means Karawanken Railway in German. 
Between 1867-1918 Trieste (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_516|page 516:Trieste]]) was part of Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was Austria's first seaport and the principal outlet for the ocean trade of the monarchy. But it did not have adequate railway communication with Austria's interior. To give a great impetus to the trade of Trieste in particular and to the over-sea trade of Austria in general, it was decided in 1901 to build the Karawanken Railway connecting Trieste and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klagenfurt Klagenfurt], the capital of the federal state of Carinthia in Austria. The railway was built over and through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karavanke Karawanken] mountains, Europe's longest (70-mile long) mountain range on the border between current Slovenia and Austria. The ''Karawanken Tunnel'' was opened on October 1, 1906; it is the fourth longest railway tunnel in Austria with a length of over 4.8 miles (7,976 m). (For a [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Karawankentunnel_construction_train.jpg Karawanken Tunnel construction picture]). 

At the same time (1901-1909) another railway, ''Tauernbahn'' (Tauern Railway) over and through the Tauern mountains was built between Schwarzach-St.Veit (in the province of Salzburg) and Spittal an de Drau (in Carinthia). It can reach Trieste by connection through Karawanken and Wochein tunnels. [http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.t/t105381.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en Tauern Railway] passes underneath the Hohe Tauern Mountain Range through the 5-mile long ''Tauern Tunnel'' which was opened on July 7, 1909.

''Wochein'', the old German name, is now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj ''Bohinj''] in Slovenia. It is an alpine valley and a municipality in the north-west of Slovenia, in the Julian Alps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj_railway Bohinj Railway] is a railway in Slovenia extending into Trieste, Italy (both were parts of Austria-Hungary before 1918). It was built in 1904 with a 3.8-mile long ''Bohinj (Wochein) Tunnel'' under the 5,00-ft tall Koblas Mountain.

'''Brigue''' 
French name for the Swiss city of Brig, a historic town with 5,000 inhabitants. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brig,_Switzerland Brigue] is located close to the Swiss-Italian border. The language used in every day transactions is a unique German dialect.

'''Domodossola''' 
An Italian city located at the foot of the Italian Alps, a minor passenger-rail hub. Its strategic location accommodates Swiss rail passengers, acting as an international stopping-point between Locarno (a Swiss city in the Italian language zone) and Brig (a Swiss city in the German language zone) via the Simplon Pass. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domodossola Domodossola]].

'''two parallel galleries''' 
The description of the Simplon tunnel project seems to be close to the facts. The Simplon tunnel consists of two parallel tubes, the first of which was opened in 1905, the second not until 1921. The second gallery this passage refers to was built alongside the first tube in order to supply the workers with fresh air. It was later extended. 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplon_Pass The Simplon Tunnel] is a 12.3-mile long railway tunnel consisting of two separate single-track tunnels completed 16 years apart — the first one opened on June 1, 1906 and the second one October 16, 1922. For half a century it was the world longest railway tunnel. It was planned by Alfred Brandt of the Hamburg firm of Brandt & Brandau, and its construction began in 1898. It was a tremendous feat of engineering in almost impossibly difficult conditions. It seems that Pynchon in describing the tunnel work followed closely [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World].

==Page 653==

'''Brandt drills''' 
Brandt & Brandau were Hamburg engineers responsible for the tunnel project. Possibly also an allusion to Adolf Brand (1874-1945), German homosexual activist and anarchist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Brand Wikipedia article.]. "Brand" is also a German word for fire or combustion.

'''Kanuni Lekë Dukagjinit''' 
should be "Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit". "Kanuni" is Albanian for "code". 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuni_i_Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjinit Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit], ''The Code of Lekë Dukagjini'', is a set of laws developed by an Albanian prince, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini Lekë Dukagjini] (1410-1481), who fought against the Ottoman Empire. These laws were used mostly in northern Albania and Kosovo from the 15th century until the 20th century and were revived recently after the fall of the communist regime in the early 1990s. Some of the most infamous rules specified how murder was supposed to be handled (resembled the Italian ''vendetta'') and it often led to blood feuds that lasted until all the men of the involved families were killed.

'''League of Prizren''' 
Aimed for Albanian unity and autonomy; 1878; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Prizren Wikipedia article.]

==Page 654==

'''''Jetokam, jetokam!''''' 
I'm alive (Albanian).

'''Më fal''' 
Sorry (Albanian).

'''many superstitions inside this mountain''' 
Tunnelers and miners were among the most superstitious trades. Small wonder.

'''history. They suffered from it...survive to see the day.''' 
Title thematic.To see the day History [Time] ended?

==Page 655==

'''''non è vero?''''' 
It's not true?

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
A/k/a Swiss dragon. A mythical creature or cryptid, depending on who you believe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Wikipedia entry]; [http://www.newanimal.org/tatzel.htm Cryptid zoo website.]

The name literally means "pawed worm".

'''[S]ometimes a Tatzelwurm is only a Tatzelwurm.''' 
Echoing the comment attributed to Freud, "sometimes a cigar is just a cigar", the cigar-loving alienist who would have been on the faculty of the University of Vienna at this time.

==Page 656==
'''favogn''' 
Name used mostly in western Switzerland for ''föhn,'' a dry wind blowing down the lee side of the Alps.

'''adiabatic''' 
Term in thermodynamics meaning an absence of heat transfer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process Wikipedia entry.] Also, confusingly and probably not coincidentally, a term in quantum mechanics referring to an infinitely slow change in the Hamiltonian of a system. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process_%28quantum_mechanics%29 Wikipedia entry.] Yes, it's that [[H#hamilton|Hamilton]].

'''balneomaniacs''' 
People avid for mineral baths and spas like those at . . .

'''Baden-Baden . . . Wagga Wagga''' 
In Germany and New South Wales (Australia) respectively.
Names, of course, which suggest bilocation.

'''Moazagotl clouds''' 
A persistent cloud formation associated with the föhn. [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=moazagotl1 Technical definition.]

'''Ruperta Chirpingdon-Groin''' 
Great alliterative last name given her effect on men.

==Page 657==

'''''Macchè, gioia mia''''' 
Italian: No way, my joy!

'''''troglodita''''' 
Spanish: brute, pig. ? Italian: troglodyte, cave dweller, barbarian

'''''Càlmati''''' 
Italian: Take it easy.

'''''Tutto va bene. Un amico di pochi anni fa''''' 
Italian: It's all right. A friend from a few years ago.

'''Ambroid''' 
Synthetic amber used for costume jewelry.

'''''Tesoro''''' 
Italian: treasure.

:Honey

==Page 658==

'''Petite Roquette''' 
A Paris prison later used as a reformatory for boys.

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
Cryptozoologists also use the term "Swiss dragon" for this mythical Alpine beast. Its habitation is not said to be limited to mines and tunnels. Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 655|page 655:Tatzelwurm]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Mostly uninformative Wikipedia entry.]

'''''Ndih'më! . . . Nxito!''''' 
Albanian: Help me!...Quickly!

'''a scream''' 
again that Pynchonian expression of horror as elsewhere in ATD, such as
in the 'inner sands' scenes and GR, of course.

'''''spital''''' 
Various languages: hospital, infirmary.

==Page 659==

'''''bien sûr''''' 
French: certainly. Here "''Of course'' it did."

'''showered again, unlocked his private pulley-rope, lowered his clothes . . . hung his wet working gear on the hook, raised it again and padlocked the rope''' 
from [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World]: 
:"At the top of the building steampipes were fixed, and each man was entitled to his own private rope and padlock; this rope passes over a pulley in the roof, and has a hook at the end to which he can attach his day clothes, . . . and pulling them up by the cord and padlocking it he secures the safety of his belongings. On returning from his work he . . . has his bath, lowers his clothes, and, hanging his wet mining dress on the hook, raises it to the roof. Here it hangs until he again returns to work, when he finds his clothes dry and warm."

'''Domodossola''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 652|page 652:Domodossola]].

'''didn't look back''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

'''They had been good friends, that crew''' 
A number of homoerotic allusions in the preceding passages.

'''St.-Gotthard''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_Rail_Tunnel Gotthard Railway Tunnel] is a 9-mile long tunnel in Switzerland opened in 1882. The tunnel is part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardbahn Gotthardbahn] Gotthard Railway connecting Lucerne through the Alps to Cjiasso on the Swiss-Italian border.

==Page 660==

==Page 661==

'''Intra''' 
Now Verbania, on the shore of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Maggiore Lago Maggiore], Piedmont, in northwest Italy.

'''tramontana''' 
It's a wind coming from the North in Italy, usually cold and cutting.

'''Wilhelm Weber''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_594|page 594:Wilhelm Weber]] (1804-1891), German Physicist.

'''Baron von Waltershausen''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Sartorius_von_Waltershausen Baron Wolfgang von Waltershausen] (1809-1876), a German geologist. He was Friedrich Gauss's close friend and biographer.

'''Riemann knew he was dying''' 
Riemann died of tuberculosis, July 20, 1866.

'''the Seven Weeks' War''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War The Austro-Prussia War] (June 15 — August 23, 1866). Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:Göttingen . . . war with Prussia]].

'''Cassel''' 
Now spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel Kassel], a city in Hessen, Germany. It is about 25 miles southwest of Göttingen.

'''Hannover''' 
German name of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover Hanover], a major city of northern Germany. It is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony where Göttingen, about 50 miles south, is also located.

'''Langensalza''' 
Since 1956, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Langensalza Bad Langensalza], a city about 45 miles southeast of Göttingen, in Thuringia, Germany. It was a site of the 1866 Second Battle of Langensalza between Prussia and Hanover during the Seven Weeks' War.

'''Veneto''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneto Veneto region], one of the twenty regions of Italy, is in northeastern Italy by the Adriatic Sea. It consists of seven provinces. One of them is Verona, home to Romeo and Juliet; another one is Venezia, home of Venice.

'''Custozza''' 
Also spelled Custoza. A village of northeastern Italy in the province of Verona. It was the site of the Battle of Custozza of June 24, 1866, between Austria and Italy resulted in Austria's victory.

'''Deep Germany''' 
"the folk-dream behind the Black Forest", and so on to p. 662

'''Black Forest''' 
A wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. It also has the source of the river Danube. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Forest The Black Forest] is part of the continental divide between the Atlantic Ocean watershed and the Black Sea watershed.

==Page 662==

'''elves''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf Elves] are mythical creatures of Germanic mythology and Germanic paganism which still survive in northern European folklore. Elves are often pictured as youthful-seeming men and women of great beauty living in forests and other natural places, underground, or in wells and springs. They have been portrayed to be long-lived or immortal and they have magical powers attributed to them.

'''shadows with undulating tails and moving wings''' 
shadow of Satan image?. Cf. p. 211 
-Feels more like another dragon image to me (following close on the heels of the Tatzelwurm references), due to the size of the shadows and the surrounding imagery in the paragraph.

'''the Haupt-Bahnhof in Frankfurt''' 
the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof Central Railway Station] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt Frankfurt]. Regarding passenger volume alone, it is the second largest station outside Japan. Built close to where in earlier times the gallows had been located.

'''Orient Express''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_567|page 567: the Orient Express]]. The accident mentioned happened on December 7th 1901, though according to [http://www.dooyoo.de/flughaefen-bahnhoefe-national/bahnhof-frankfurt-main/720973/] the train came to rest in the waiting hall rather than the restaurant.

'''collapse of the Campanile in Venice''' 
Bell-tower on St. Mark's Basilica. The campanile reached its present form in 1514. As it stands today, however, the tower is a reconstruction, completed in 1912 after the collapse of 1902. Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 256|page 256:the tower collapses]], [[ATD_243-272#Page 259|page 259:dov'era com'era]], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mark's_Campanile St. Mark's Campanile].

'''roof of the Charing Cross Station''' 
A major railway station in London. The elegant original roof structure collapsed on 5 December 1905. By great fortune, only six lives were lost (two workmen on the roof, a bookstall vendor and three passers-by in the street, where most of the girders fell). It was rebuilt two years later. Cf [[ATD_557-587# Page 577|page 577:Charing Cross]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station Charing Cross Station]. 

So it is now 1906 in this chapter.

'''the revenge of Deep Germany...shameless German primitivism''' 
We have seen an earlier [[ATD 615-643#Page 632|reference]] to deeper Germany, to the pre-Christian, pre-rational Germany, here supposed to be avenging itself upon the mechanised, rational order that has supplanted it.

This pre-Christian Germany was the mythical Golden Age Nazism sought to draw upon and revive. In 1936 G.G. Jung wrote essay entitled "Wotan", in which he argued that the German psyche had been overwhelmed by the sudden awakening of the archetype of the ancient Norse god, Wotan, who had slumbered for 1,000 years, was the god of frenzy and magic and would, Jung predicted, more than likely lead the German people into some cataclysmic event.
 
[Fascinating reference. This reminds me strongly of the Vormance expedition from the "Iceland Spar" section of AtD, which brings some kind of artifact back to civilization, unleashing ruin; cf. pg. 142 for references to Norse gods being reawakened.] 
'''laden''' 
The use of this word in the context of anarchist bombs and collapsed buildings suggests a reference to one "bin Laden."
(quite a stretch....)

==Page 663==

'''''stranniki''''' 
Russian, literally: pilgrims, wanderers. Dissenters from the Russian Orthodox Church; a sect of Old Believers who rejected the Orthodox priesthood and sacraments. cf. ''The Way of the Pilgrim'' 

'''''podpol'niki,'' underground men''' 
They are ''pod pole,'' literally under the floor. Allusion to that religious Russian, Dostoevsky and his
''Notes from Underground'' (''Zapiski iz podpol'ya'').
Interestingly in that work, Dostoyevsky uses a Palace of Crystal as a metaphor for a functionalist utopia where everything works like clockwork and life is a complete bore. The narrator abhors and fears such a state and is obsessed with its destuction. Compare this to the train crash, and the roof and camponile collapse of the section above. Not to mention 9/11. "Shades" of Ted Kaczynnski here.

I don't know about all that. People keep assuming this is a "post-911 novel" (a marketing term or journalistic cliche more than anything). We don't know when Pynchon wrote this. By all accounts, he'd been writing a draft of this book since the early 60s. The Dostoyevski reference seems pretty obvious, though. Especially since TRP refers to "the fall of the crystal palace" on the first page of GR. Dostoevski's anxious, deluded anti-hero seems to be a good spokesperson of idealistic but pathological dissent appropriate to AtD.

'''"not the day we knew"''' 
Thematic re day.

'''"extralogical...mathematical work"''' 
math work is beyond logic, mystical-like.

'''"Now I am expelled from the garden"''' 
Yashmeen is expelled from the paradisiac Göttingen like Eve was expelled from the Garden of Eden.

'''smooth-enough World-Line''' 
linear History, not the ATD 'line', with a verbal pairing to 'World-Island', that Pynchonian way of naming the Earth.

Perhaps reference to: world line
n.

The path in space-time traveled by an elementary particle for the time and distance that it retains its identity.

...in general usage, a world line is the sequential path of personal human events (with time and place as dimensions) that marks the history of a person —perhaps starting at the time and place of one's birth until their death.

Much more here: [http://www.answers.com/topic/world-line] from answers.com

==Page 664==

'''Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazzoletta''' 
Allusion to the Davos tuberculosis sanatorium of Thomas Mann's ''The Magic Mountain'', which was indeed the anteroom of death for its protagonist, Hans Castorp, who goes on to be "cured" to serve in World War I, a personification of the death of Europe. Note that, at the sanatorium, Castorp falls in love with a Russian named Madame Chauchat, to whom Yashmeen's presence here may allude.
Alchemy is also a leitmotif of ''The Magic Mountain'', with the sanatorium as an enclosed system in which something is turned to gold (Castorp's enlightenment). 
I might be wrong, but I've found no evidence that a "Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazoletta" ever existed. The name is a compound of a (mock?) Swiss-German word and an Italian-sounding one and thus recalls the Simplon passage. ("spazzolata" means "a brush", hence "spazzoletta" might mean "a small brush".Which does not make the name any clearer.)

'''anterooms of death''' 
The metaphor repeated from page 526, now possibly with a different meaning. Interestingly enough a Swedish novel with the title "I dödens väntrum", literally "In the Anterooms of Death", was publlished in 1930. This novel takes place in a Swiss sanatorium. Three possibilities: sheer coincidence; "the anterooms of death" was a commonplace metaphor for sanatoriums in that day ("the consumptive chic" points in this direction; Pynchon actually knows about the Swedish novel.

'''Borsalino''' 
A fedoras made by Italy's famed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsalino Borsalino] Company.

==Page 665==

'''Glenwood Springs''' 
Colorado town, then as now site of a famous inn and hot springs, hydrotherapy center and spa, located on the main line of the Denver & Rio Grand Western Railroad. Until the early 1980s, a popular excursion was an overnight trip from Denver along the upper Colorado River through Glenwood Canyon to the venerable hotel/baths on the D&RG's venerable rolling stock, the last privately operated passenger train in the U.S. The route is now operated by Amtrak, but the canyon has been ruined by the completion of I-70 through it. Pynchon's sinister railroad of the 1800s has been superseded, has become in its turn a nostalgic retreat from a newer modernity. For Kit, in his eastward trip from home, Glenwood Springs would have been the last large stop before Denver.

'''tunnel Italian''' 
The pidgin Reef learned in the tunnels.

'''St.-Gotthard Tunnel''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 659|page 659:St.-Gotthard]].

'''Bellinzona''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellinzona Bellinzona] is the capital city of the canton Ticino, Switzerland. The city is famous for its three castles — Castelgrande, Montebello and Sasso Corbaro, now part of the UNESCO world heritage.

'''repeated figure being played on an alpenhorn''' 
Ri-i-co-la! The Swiss call the instrument alphorn or alpenhorn.

'''Mouffette''' 
French: Skunk.

'''Papillon''' 
French: Butterfly.
:Any of a breed of small dog related to the spaniel, having a long silky coat, a bushy tail that curves over its back, and large ears shaped like the wings of a butterfly. [http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/8/83/250px-Papillon_sitting_Flickr_edit.jpg picture]

==Page 666==
'''Reader, she bit him.''' 
Reef has failed, both literally and figuratively, to screw the pooch. (and, of course, a parody of the opening sentence of the final chapter of "Jane Eyre")

==Page 667==

'''skeezicks''' 
Affectionate term for a man. The foundling Skeezix was the protagonist of the comic strip "Gasoline Alley."

'''''vint''''' 
A real game. Which Reef here pretends not to understand, a classic card-sharp gambit.

'''''avantyuristka''''' 
Unfortunate placement of the hyphen makes it look as if it's ''avant-'' something, but it's a single Russian word, авантюристка, meaning "adventuress."

==Page 668==

'''reticule''' 
Lady's handbag, especially one made by netting or tatting. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_539|page 539:reticule]].

'''''Ite, missa est''''' 
Last words of the Latin mass: Go, you are sent.

literally: "go, the mass is said" or "go, the mass is done". Yashmeen's way of telling Kit there will be nothing more said about the subject. In more legalistic terms, she could have said "case closed", but there is a religious theme running through the whole page ("Sectarian vector wars, trafficking with the unseen, priesthoods and heresies"; "vows of abstinence").

'''dossing''' 
to sleep; particularly at a common lodging-house or 'doss-house.'

==Page 669==

'''Pinks''' 
Pinkerton agents.

==Page 670==

'''glowing giant amœbas that leave sticky residues''' 
A recent book, ''Spook,'' by Mary Roach, tells how 19th-century mediums prepared these cheesecloth apparitions and secreted them in their vaginas.

==Page 671==

'''''Bozhe moi!''''' 
Russian: My God.

'''bunco man''' 
The original bunco was a dishonest gambling game played with dice. Eventually the word evolved the sense 'the playing of a bunco game', and hence 'swindling or fraud of any sort'. From Spanish, Banco, a card game like monte. First recorded usage in 1870's, when it became popular quickly.

'''speakin as an old bunco man . . . it was him talkin''' 
Reef displaying the kind of skepticism that would eventually explode the whole spiritualist enterprise.

==Page 672==
==Page 673==
'''"I'm screamin again"''' 
Screamin motif in Webb's channelled memory.

'''"Take a picture next time."''' 
Photographs of ectoplasm, spirits and suchlike were very popular around 1900. This interest was fuelled by Roentgen's discovery of X-rays.

'''"eigenvalue"''' 
"(a) each of a set of values of a parameter for which a differential equation has a non-zero solution (an eigenfunction) under given conditions; (b) any of the numbers such that a given matrix minus that number times the identity matrix has zero determinant" (''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'')

==Page 674==

'''"great never-sleeping hydropathic"''' 
Internal and external use of water as a therapeutic treatment for all forms of disease. hydro·pathic (hdr-pathik) , hydro·pathi·cal...American Heritage Dictionary. 
In 1877, the estate became the property of the Craiglockhart Hydropathic Company, who set about building a hydropathic institute. Such was Craiglockhart's function until the advent of the First World War. Between 1916 and 1919 the building was used as a military psychiatric hospital for the treatment of shell-shocked officers. Wikipedia. 
see esp. the next paragraph. 

'''swamper''' 
One who performs general, menial duties.

'''''vis inertiæ''''' 
Latin: force of inertia. Not considered a "force" since Newton.

'''draining away''' 
once more "draining away", though for the first time not referring to light (cf. p.198, 649).

==Page 675==

'''Lee de Forest''' 
cf [[ATD_26-56#Page_29|page 29]]

'''All Kit had anymore''' 
???

'''As light began to steep in...'''

Like on page 566, this dream-passage seems to contain a top-down examination of Kit's progress; of his motives and awareness of complicity in the Traverse vengeance-quest against the Vibes. Similar to Kit's earlier dream(s?), it's a thematic reduction and feels like a significant 'clue':

<blockquote>As light began to steep in around the edges of the window blinds, Kit fell asleep again and dreamed of a bullet en route to the heart of an enemy, traveling for many years and many miles, hitting something now and then and ricocheting off at a different angle but continuing its journey as if conscious of where it must go, and he understood that this zigzagging around through four-dimensional space-time might be expressed as a vector in five dimensions. Whatever the number of ''n'' dimensions it inhabited, an observer would need one extra, ''n'' + 1, to see it and connect the end points to make a single resultant.</blockquote>

'''resultant''' 
notice this word and not 'result' in the above paragraph. 'Resultant' has math vector meanings! ...Issuing or following as a consequence or result. 1. Something that results; an outcome. 2. Mathematics A single vector that is the equivalent of a set of vectors....American Heritage Dictionary.

In addition to the broad narrative summary, there appears to be a metatextual implication here. Regarding the reader in Pynchon's overall 'Against The Day' scheme: the novel ''n'' must be observed from an ''n'' +1 perspective (that is: dimensionally distinct) to connect end-points and weave a single result, to engage and correlate strands and twines into a coherent narrative whole. Without an overarching consciousness there's apparent anarchy: with said consciousness there's meaning and vector. 

Part of which meaning I might argue is that Kit's revengeful bullet is part of the overarching 'problem' of mutual complicity, which we readers have to see. 

[[User:Bean|remy]] 10:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

'''Hour of the Rat''' 
In Chinese astrology, the hours between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m., marking the beginning of a new day. The rat is the first of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac, as it is said to have won the race between them.

==Page 676==

'''Constantza''' 
Constanţa, Romania's seaport on the Black Sea.

'''Too many of us have to sit foolishly by...''' 
Vibe = Vibration, a wave disturbance of the aether; for most of us incoherent force driving human misery, but for the Traverse family a person, a personified malevolence on which vengenace can be wreaked.

==Page 677==

'''Buda-Pesth''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest Budapest], the capital city of Hungary. The cities of Buda and Pest (archaic spelling Pesth) were unified in 1872; the hyphenated spelling persisted for many years.

'''Psychical Research''' 
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a non-profit organization in the United Kingdom whose purpose is to research and investigate supernatural, magical, paranormal, and occult phenomena in a scientific and unbiased manner. It was founded in 1882 by three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge, Edmund Gurney, Frederic William Henry Myers, and Henry Sidgwick, because of their interest in spiritualism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research Wikipedia]. 
Wikipedia has no Budapest connection, but it says the Society was very active in its first thirty years, the time of ATD. A history of the Society might have the Budapest sections.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 644-677

2010-09-03T20:33:07Z

Bangorang: /* Page 647 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 644==

'''Union Depot''' 
El Paso's Union Depot Passenger Station was built in 1905. The Depot was the first passenger train station to be built in the United States specifically for international railway traffic. It is located at San Francisco Ave downtown El Paso vey close to the US-Mexico border. There is a rumor around in El Paso that Pancho Villa used the Depot's bell tower as a lookout for the attack of Juárez during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920). The Depot now is listed in the National Register of Historic Commission.

'''El Paso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas El Paso], the sixth largest city in Texas, is located at the western tip of Texas. It is the second largest city along the Mexican border. And lies across the Rio Grande is Juáres, Mexico, the other half of the bi-national metropolitan area.

'''Chamizal''' 
It was a disputed parcel of land between El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The dispute was caused by the differences between the bed of the Rio Grande as surveyed in 1852 and the present channel of the river. The river shifted south continually between 1852 and 1868 with the most radical shift in 1864. As a result, the newly exposed land, about 600 acres, came to be known in Spanish as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamizal El Chamizal], from ''chamiza'', the name of a species of wild cane or reed. The final resolution of the dispute came about only in 1963.

'''E.B. Soltera''' 
''Soltera'' is Spanish: spinster. Estrella Briggs, Unmarried.

'''Regeneration Equipment''' 
In chemical technology "regeneration" means taking a spent product out of the system and cleaning it up for reuse.

'''whiteness''' 
stressed motif. Cf. alabaster temples at the Columbian Exposition.Cf. whiteness in GR.

==Page 645==

'''E.P.T.''' 
El Paso, Texas.

'''buyer beware''' 
That is, ''caveat emptor''.

==Page 646==

'''Sakes''' 
For heaven's sakes.

'''Geronimo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo Geronimo] (1829-1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who fought against the encroachment of the United States on his tribal lands and perople for over 25 years.

'''Willow and Holt''' 
Willow: Stray's sister (pp. 361 & 367), Holt: Willow's husband (p. 367)

==Page 647==

'''''For really it was the sidekick who presented the problem. Restless type. Fair hair, hat back on his head so the big brim sort of haloed his face, shiny eyes and low-set, pointed ears like an elf's...''''' 
Billy the Kid? No, he died in 1881. 
[http://www.imdb.com/gallery/mptv/1258/Mptv/1258/3306_0333.jpg?path=pgallery&path_key=Wilder,%20Gene The Waco Kid,] the gunfighter played by Gene Wilder in ''Blazing Saddles''?

'''Daisy, Daisy''' 
"Daisy Bell" is a popular song whose lyrics ("Daisy, Daisy, Give me your answer do...I'm half crazy, all for the love of you..." as well as the line "...a bicycle built for two") are considerably better known than the song's actual title.
"Daisy Bell" was composed by Harry Dacre in 1892. As David Ewen writes in American Popular Songs: "When Dacre, an English popular composer, first came to the United States, he brought with him a bicycle, for which he was charged duty. His friend (the songwriter William Jerome) remarked lightly: 'It's lucky you didn't bring a bicycle built for two, otherwise you'd have to pay double duty.' Dacre was so taken with the phrase 'bicycle built for two' that he decided to use it in a song. That song, Daisy Bell, first became successful in a London music hall, in a performance by Kate Lawrence. Tony Pastor was the first one to sing it in the United States. Its success in America began when Jennie Lindsay brought down the house with it at the Atlantic Gardens on the Bowery early in 1892." Wikipedia....see this for memorable occasions of its use.
It was evidently sung at the OK Corral gunfight, if TRP says so but I have not substantiated this yet.

:Pynchon did not say Doc Holliday sang "Daisy, Daisy" before or during the Gunfight. But Doc Holliday, in his "rejoinder to Frank McLaury", did use the 1880s' slang phrase "daisy" — according to some accounts. After the Gunfight people then, claimed by Pynchon, used the song "Daisy, Daisy" as a "sort of telegraphic code . . . for Boot Hill" (graveyard, see page 648). 

More popularly, sung by HAL, the failing shipboard computer, as it is disabled in Stanley Kubrick's film ''2001, A Space Odyssey.''

Agreed. Although all that's interesting enough info I guess, the most relevant piece of data that we need to make sense of the text in question and not just tangential random association is what the directly alluded to "rejoinder" itself was, namely:

"I've got you now," McLaury challenged.

"Blaze away! You're a daisy if you have," countered Holliday. (Daily Nugget, Oct 27, 1881)

Also of interest is how Doc didn't shoot McLaury following this exchange according to the autopsy reports, but got skimmed in the ass by McLaury but Morgan Earp actually got the killshot, thus proving Doc's bluster or bravery to be just that, a ballsy but not necessarily factually accurate "rejoinder" in the heat of a shoot-out.

==Page 648==
'''at the O.K. Corral''' 
It refers to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunfight_at_the_O.K._Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral]. The 30-second event occurred on October 26, 1881, in a vacant lot, behind the corral in Tombstone, AZ. It was Wyatt Earp, Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Doc Holliday fought against Frank McLaury, Tom McLaury, Ike Clanton, Billy Clanton, Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller. Frank and Tom McLaury and Billy Clanton were killed while Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Holliday were wounded. The gunfight supposed to be between law-and-order and open banditry and rustling in frontier towns of the Old West. The Gunfight has been the subject of many many books, movies, songs, . . . etc.

'''Boot Hill''' 
It is the name for any number of cemeteries, chiefly in th American West. During the 19th century it was a common name for the burial grounds of gunfighters or those who "died with their boots on" (ie. violently). Also, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_Hill Boot Hill] graves were made for people who died in a strange town without assets for a funeral.
The most famous Boot Hill graveyard of the Old West is, of course, in Tombstone, AZ. Buired at the site are various victims of violence and desease in Tombstone's early years, including those from the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Boot Hill was also the destination for bad-men and those lynched or legally hanged in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone%2C_Arizona Tombstone, AZ].

==Page 649==
'''Rosie's Cantina''' 
As found in Marty Robbins's 1959 hit song "El Paso" (a song frequently covered by the Grateful Dead). When the exiled narrator attempts to return to the cantina, he sees to his right "five mounted cowboys/Off to my left ride a dozen or more."

...Night-time would find me in Rosa's cantina;
Music would play and Felina would whirl.

The rest of the lyrics: [http://www.cowboylyrics.com/lyrics/robbins-marty/el-paso-11889.html El Paso].

'''L.&O.L.''' 
Law and Order League Cf page 644.

also internet slang for Laughing Out Loud (LOL). 
or "Lots of Luck"

'''light draining away''' 
cf. p.198: "He watched the light over the ranges slowly draining away", as Webb dies.

==Page 650==

'''ocotillo''' 
[http://weather.nmsu.edu/AbqPlantList/dshrub/Ocotillo.htm Ocotillo] is a drought-deciduous shrub. It can have anywhere from 6 to 100 wand like branches that grow from the root crown with a stem anywhere from 9 to 30 feet tall.

'''Rock Springs''' 
Wyoming town, center of the Wyoming oil boom of the late 1970s, early 1980s, known then as a wide open town.

'''Ladies' Friend''' 
a small pistol that could be concealed in a lady's clothing.

'''Creede''' 
Central Colorado town, like Telluride once a mining town, now a ski resort.

==Page 651==

'''Dixies and Fans and Mignonettes''' 
Just typical names of bar girls?

==Page 652==

'''Karawankenbahn . . . Tauern . . . Wochein''' 
A series of tunnels constructed as part of [http://historicaltextarchive.com/books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=2&cid=13 a huge Austrian public works project] in the first years of the 20th century. They are named for ranges of mountains and hills they pass through. The objective was to develop rail transport to the port of Trieste. Read further in this entry for the location of Wochein. 

''Karawankenbahn'' means Karawanken Railway in German. 
Between 1867-1918 Trieste (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_516|page 516:Trieste]]) was part of Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was Austria's first seaport and the principal outlet for the ocean trade of the monarchy. But it did not have adequate railway communication with Austria's interior. To give a great impetus to the trade of Trieste in particular and to the over-sea trade of Austria in general, it was decided in 1901 to build the Karawanken Railway connecting Trieste and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klagenfurt Klagenfurt], the capital of the federal state of Carinthia in Austria. The railway was built over and through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karavanke Karawanken] mountains, Europe's longest (70-mile long) mountain range on the border between current Slovenia and Austria. The ''Karawanken Tunnel'' was opened on October 1, 1906; it is the fourth longest railway tunnel in Austria with a length of over 4.8 miles (7,976 m). (For a [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Karawankentunnel_construction_train.jpg Karawanken Tunnel construction picture]). 

At the same time (1901-1909) another railway, ''Tauernbahn'' (Tauern Railway) over and through the Tauern mountains was built between Schwarzach-St.Veit (in the province of Salzburg) and Spittal an de Drau (in Carinthia). It can reach Trieste by connection through Karawanken and Wochein tunnels. [http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.t/t105381.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en Tauern Railway] passes underneath the Hohe Tauern Mountain Range through the 5-mile long ''Tauern Tunnel'' which was opened on July 7, 1909.

''Wochein'', the old German name, is now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj ''Bohinj''] in Slovenia. It is an alpine valley and a municipality in the north-west of Slovenia, in the Julian Alps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj_railway Bohinj Railway] is a railway in Slovenia extending into Trieste, Italy (both were parts of Austria-Hungary before 1918). It was built in 1904 with a 3.8-mile long ''Bohinj (Wochein) Tunnel'' under the 5,00-ft tall Koblas Mountain.

'''Brigue''' 
French name for the Swiss city of Brig, a historic town with 5,000 inhabitants. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brig,_Switzerland Brigue] is located close to the Swiss-Italian border. The language used in every day transactions is a unique German dialect.

'''Domodossola''' 
An Italian city located at the foot of the Italian Alps, a minor passenger-rail hub. Its strategic location accommodates Swiss rail passengers, acting as an international stopping-point between Locarno (a Swiss city in the Italian language zone) and Brig (a Swiss city in the German language zone) via the Simplon Pass. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domodossola Domodossola]].

'''two parallel galleries''' 
The description of the Simplon tunnel project seems to be close to the facts. The Simplon tunnel consists of two parallel tubes, the first of which was opened in 1905, the second not until 1921. The second gallery this passage refers to was built alongside the first tube in order to supply the workers with fresh air. It was later extended. 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplon_Pass The Simplon Tunnel] is a 12.3-mile long railway tunnel consisting of two separate single-track tunnels completed 16 years apart — the first one opened on June 1, 1906 and the second one October 16, 1922. For half a century it was the world longest railway tunnel. It was planned by Alfred Brandt of the Hamburg firm of Brandt & Brandau, and its construction began in 1898. It was a tremendous feat of engineering in almost impossibly difficult conditions. It seems that Pynchon in describing the tunnel work followed closely [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World].

==Page 653==

'''Brandt drills''' 
Brandt & Brandau were Hamburg engineers responsible for the tunnel project. Possibly also an allusion to Adolf Brand (1874-1945), German homosexual activist and anarchist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Brand Wikipedia article.]. "Brand" is also a German word for fire or combustion.

'''Kanuni Lekë Dukagjinit''' 
should be "Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit". "Kanuni" is Albanian for "code". 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuni_i_Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjinit Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit], ''The Code of Lekë Dukagjini'', is a set of laws developed by an Albanian prince, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini Lekë Dukagjini] (1410-1481), who fought against the Ottoman Empire. These laws were used mostly in northern Albania and Kosovo from the 15th century until the 20th century and were revived recently after the fall of the communist regime in the early 1990s. Some of the most infamous rules specified how murder was supposed to be handled (resembled the Italian ''vendetta'') and it often led to blood feuds that lasted until all the men of the involved families were killed.

'''League of Prizren''' 
Aimed for Albanian unity and autonomy; 1878; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Prizren Wikipedia article.]

==Page 654==

'''''Jetokam, jetokam!''''' 
I'm alive (Albanian).

'''Më fal''' 
Sorry (Albanian).

'''many superstitions inside this mountain''' 
Tunnelers and miners were among the most superstitious trades. Small wonder.

'''history. They suffered from it...survive to see the day.''' 
Title thematic.To see the day History [Time] ended?

==Page 655==

'''''non è vero?''''' 
It's not true?

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
A/k/a Swiss dragon. A mythical creature or cryptid, depending on who you believe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Wikipedia entry]; [http://www.newanimal.org/tatzel.htm Cryptid zoo website.]

The name literally means "pawed worm".

'''[S]ometimes a Tatzelwurm is only a Tatzelwurm.''' 
Echoing the comment attributed to Freud, "sometimes a cigar is just a cigar", the cigar-loving alienist who would have been on the faculty of the University of Vienna at this time.

==Page 656==
'''favogn''' 
Name used mostly in western Switzerland for ''föhn,'' a dry wind blowing down the lee side of the Alps.

'''adiabatic''' 
Term in thermodynamics meaning an absence of heat transfer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process Wikipedia entry.] Also, confusingly and probably not coincidentally, a term in quantum mechanics referring to an infinitely slow change in the Hamiltonian of a system. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process_%28quantum_mechanics%29 Wikipedia entry.] Yes, it's that [[H#hamilton|Hamilton]].

'''balneomaniacs''' 
People avid for mineral baths and spas like those at . . .

'''Baden-Baden . . . Wagga Wagga''' 
In Germany and New South Wales (Australia) respectively.
Names, of course, which suggest bilocation.

'''Moazagotl clouds''' 
A persistent cloud formation associated with the föhn. [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=moazagotl1 Technical definition.]

'''Ruperta Chirpingdon-Groin''' 
Great alliterative last name given her effect on men.

==Page 657==

'''''Macchè, gioia mia''''' 
Italian: No way, my joy!

'''''troglodita''''' 
Spanish: brute, pig. ? Italian: troglodyte, cave dweller, barbarian

'''''Càlmati''''' 
Italian: Take it easy.

'''''Tutto va bene. Un amico di pochi anni fa''''' 
Italian: It's all right. A friend from a few years ago.

'''Ambroid''' 
Synthetic amber used for costume jewelry.

'''''Tesoro''''' 
Italian: treasure.

:Honey

==Page 658==

'''Petite Roquette''' 
A Paris prison later used as a reformatory for boys.

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
Cryptozoologists also use the term "Swiss dragon" for this mythical Alpine beast. Its habitation is not said to be limited to mines and tunnels. Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 655|page 655:Tatzelwurm]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Mostly uninformative Wikipedia entry.]

'''''Ndih'më! . . . Nxito!''''' 
Albanian: Help me!...Quickly!

'''a scream''' 
again that Pynchonian expression of horror as elsewhere in ATD, such as
in the 'inner sands' scenes and GR, of course.

'''''spital''''' 
Various languages: hospital, infirmary.

==Page 659==

'''''bien sûr''''' 
French: certainly. Here "''Of course'' it did."

'''showered again, unlocked his private pulley-rope, lowered his clothes . . . hung his wet working gear on the hook, raised it again and padlocked the rope''' 
from [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World]: 
:"At the top of the building steampipes were fixed, and each man was entitled to his own private rope and padlock; this rope passes over a pulley in the roof, and has a hook at the end to which he can attach his day clothes, . . . and pulling them up by the cord and padlocking it he secures the safety of his belongings. On returning from his work he . . . has his bath, lowers his clothes, and, hanging his wet mining dress on the hook, raises it to the roof. Here it hangs until he again returns to work, when he finds his clothes dry and warm."

'''Domodossola''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 652|page 652:Domodossola]].

'''didn't look back''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

'''They had been good friends, that crew''' 
A number of homoerotic allusions in the preceding passages.

'''St.-Gotthard''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_Rail_Tunnel Gotthard Railway Tunnel] is a 9-mile long tunnel in Switzerland opened in 1882. The tunnel is part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardbahn Gotthardbahn] Gotthard Railway connecting Lucerne through the Alps to Cjiasso on the Swiss-Italian border.

==Page 660==

==Page 661==

'''Intra''' 
Now Verbania, on the shore of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Maggiore Lago Maggiore], Piedmont, in northwest Italy.

'''tramontana''' 
It's a wind coming from the North in Italy, usually cold and cutting.

'''Wilhelm Weber''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_594|page 594:Wilhelm Weber]] (1804-1891), German Physicist.

'''Baron von Waltershausen''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Sartorius_von_Waltershausen Baron Wolfgang von Waltershausen] (1809-1876), a German geologist. He was Friedrich Gauss's close friend and biographer.

'''Riemann knew he was dying''' 
Riemann died of tuberculosis, July 20, 1866.

'''the Seven Weeks' War''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War The Austro-Prussia War] (June 15 — August 23, 1866). Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:Göttingen . . . war with Prussia]].

'''Cassel''' 
Now spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel Kassel], a city in Hessen, Germany. It is about 25 miles southwest of Göttingen.

'''Hannover''' 
German name of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover Hanover], a major city of northern Germany. It is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony where Göttingen, about 50 miles south, is also located.

'''Langensalza''' 
Since 1956, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Langensalza Bad Langensalza], a city about 45 miles southeast of Göttingen, in Thuringia, Germany. It was a site of the 1866 Second Battle of Langensalza between Prussia and Hanover during the Seven Weeks' War.

'''Veneto''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneto Veneto region], one of the twenty regions of Italy, is in northeastern Italy by the Adriatic Sea. It consists of seven provinces. One of them is Verona, home to Romeo and Juliet; another one is Venezia, home of Venice.

'''Custozza''' 
Also spelled Custoza. A village of northeastern Italy in the province of Verona. It was the site of the Battle of Custozza of June 24, 1866, between Austria and Italy resulted in Austria's victory.

'''Deep Germany''' 
"the folk-dream behind the Black Forest", and so on to p. 662

'''Black Forest''' 
A wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. It also has the source of the river Danube. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Forest The Black Forest] is part of the continental divide between the Atlantic Ocean watershed and the Black Sea watershed.

==Page 662==

'''elves''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf Elves] are mythical creatures of Germanic mythology and Germanic paganism which still survive in northern European folklore. Elves are often pictured as youthful-seeming men and women of great beauty living in forests and other natural places, underground, or in wells and springs. They have been portrayed to be long-lived or immortal and they have magical powers attributed to them.

'''shadows with undulating tails and moving wings''' 
shadow of Satan image?. Cf. p. 211 
-Feels more like another dragon image to me (following close on the heels of the Tatzelwurm references), due to the size of the shadows and the surrounding imagery in the paragraph.

'''the Haupt-Bahnhof in Frankfurt''' 
the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof Central Railway Station] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt Frankfurt]. Regarding passenger volume alone, it is the second largest station outside Japan. Built close to where in earlier times the gallows had been located.

'''Orient Express''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_567|page 567: the Orient Express]]. The accident mentioned happened on December 7th 1901, though according to [http://www.dooyoo.de/flughaefen-bahnhoefe-national/bahnhof-frankfurt-main/720973/] the train came to rest in the waiting hall rather than the restaurant.

'''collapse of the Campanile in Venice''' 
Bell-tower on St. Mark's Basilica. The campanile reached its present form in 1514. As it stands today, however, the tower is a reconstruction, completed in 1912 after the collapse of 1902. Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 256|page 256:the tower collapses]], [[ATD_243-272#Page 259|page 259:dov'era com'era]], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mark's_Campanile St. Mark's Campanile].

'''roof of the Charing Cross Station''' 
A major railway station in London. The elegant original roof structure collapsed on 5 December 1905. By great fortune, only six lives were lost (two workmen on the roof, a bookstall vendor and three passers-by in the street, where most of the girders fell). It was rebuilt two years later. Cf [[ATD_557-587# Page 577|page 577:Charing Cross]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station Charing Cross Station]. 

So it is now 1906 in this chapter.

'''the revenge of Deep Germany...shameless German primitivism''' 
We have seen an earlier [[ATD 615-643#Page 632|reference]] to deeper Germany, to the pre-Christian, pre-rational Germany, here supposed to be avenging itself upon the mechanised, rational order that has supplanted it.

This pre-Christian Germany was the mythical Golden Age Nazism sought to draw upon and revive. In 1936 G.G. Jung wrote essay entitled "Wotan", in which he argued that the German psyche had been overwhelmed by the sudden awakening of the archetype of the ancient Norse god, Wotan, who had slumbered for 1,000 years, was the god of frenzy and magic and would, Jung predicted, more than likely lead the German people into some cataclysmic event.
 
[Fascinating reference. This reminds me strongly of the Vormance expedition from the "Iceland Spar" section of AtD, which brings some kind of artifact back to civilization, unleashing ruin; cf. pg. 142 for references to Norse gods being reawakened.] 
'''laden''' 
The use of this word in the context of anarchist bombs and collapsed buildings suggests a reference to one "bin Laden."
(quite a stretch....)

==Page 663==

'''''stranniki''''' 
Russian, literally: pilgrims, wanderers. Dissenters from the Russian Orthodox Church; a sect of Old Believers who rejected the Orthodox priesthood and sacraments. cf. ''The Way of the Pilgrim'' 

'''''podpol'niki,'' underground men''' 
They are ''pod pole,'' literally under the floor. Allusion to that religious Russian, Dostoevsky and his
''Notes from Underground'' (''Zapiski iz podpol'ya'').
Interestingly in that work, Dostoyevsky uses a Palace of Crystal as a metaphor for a functionalist utopia where everything works like clockwork and life is a complete bore. The narrator abhors and fears such a state and is obsessed with its destuction. Compare this to the train crash, and the roof and camponile collapse of the section above. Not to mention 9/11. "Shades" of Ted Kaczynnski here.

'''"not the day we knew"''' 
Thematic re day.

'''"extralogical...mathematical work"''' 
math work is beyond logic, mystical-like.

'''"Now I am expelled from the garden"''' 
Yashmeen is expelled from the paradisiac Göttingen like Eve was expelled from the Garden of Eden.

'''smooth-enough World-Line''' 
linear History, not the ATD 'line', with a verbal pairing to 'World-Island', that Pynchonian way of naming the Earth.

Perhaps reference to: world line
n.

The path in space-time traveled by an elementary particle for the time and distance that it retains its identity.

...in general usage, a world line is the sequential path of personal human events (with time and place as dimensions) that marks the history of a person —perhaps starting at the time and place of one's birth until their death.

Much more here: [http://www.answers.com/topic/world-line] from answers.com

==Page 664==

'''Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazzoletta''' 
Allusion to the Davos tuberculosis sanatorium of Thomas Mann's ''The Magic Mountain'', which was indeed the anteroom of death for its protagonist, Hans Castorp, who goes on to be "cured" to serve in World War I, a personification of the death of Europe. Note that, at the sanatorium, Castorp falls in love with a Russian named Madame Chauchat, to whom Yashmeen's presence here may allude.
Alchemy is also a leitmotif of ''The Magic Mountain'', with the sanatorium as an enclosed system in which something is turned to gold (Castorp's enlightenment). 
I might be wrong, but I've found no evidence that a "Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazoletta" ever existed. The name is a compound of a (mock?) Swiss-German word and an Italian-sounding one and thus recalls the Simplon passage. ("spazzolata" means "a brush", hence "spazzoletta" might mean "a small brush".Which does not make the name any clearer.)

'''anterooms of death''' 
The metaphor repeated from page 526, now possibly with a different meaning. Interestingly enough a Swedish novel with the title "I dödens väntrum", literally "In the Anterooms of Death", was publlished in 1930. This novel takes place in a Swiss sanatorium. Three possibilities: sheer coincidence; "the anterooms of death" was a commonplace metaphor for sanatoriums in that day ("the consumptive chic" points in this direction; Pynchon actually knows about the Swedish novel.

'''Borsalino''' 
A fedoras made by Italy's famed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsalino Borsalino] Company.

==Page 665==

'''Glenwood Springs''' 
Colorado town, then as now site of a famous inn and hot springs, hydrotherapy center and spa, located on the main line of the Denver & Rio Grand Western Railroad. Until the early 1980s, a popular excursion was an overnight trip from Denver along the upper Colorado River through Glenwood Canyon to the venerable hotel/baths on the D&RG's venerable rolling stock, the last privately operated passenger train in the U.S. The route is now operated by Amtrak, but the canyon has been ruined by the completion of I-70 through it. Pynchon's sinister railroad of the 1800s has been superseded, has become in its turn a nostalgic retreat from a newer modernity. For Kit, in his eastward trip from home, Glenwood Springs would have been the last large stop before Denver.

'''tunnel Italian''' 
The pidgin Reef learned in the tunnels.

'''St.-Gotthard Tunnel''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 659|page 659:St.-Gotthard]].

'''Bellinzona''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellinzona Bellinzona] is the capital city of the canton Ticino, Switzerland. The city is famous for its three castles — Castelgrande, Montebello and Sasso Corbaro, now part of the UNESCO world heritage.

'''repeated figure being played on an alpenhorn''' 
Ri-i-co-la! The Swiss call the instrument alphorn or alpenhorn.

'''Mouffette''' 
French: Skunk.

'''Papillon''' 
French: Butterfly.
:Any of a breed of small dog related to the spaniel, having a long silky coat, a bushy tail that curves over its back, and large ears shaped like the wings of a butterfly. [http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/8/83/250px-Papillon_sitting_Flickr_edit.jpg picture]

==Page 666==
'''Reader, she bit him.''' 
Reef has failed, both literally and figuratively, to screw the pooch. (and, of course, a parody of the opening sentence of the final chapter of "Jane Eyre")

==Page 667==

'''skeezicks''' 
Affectionate term for a man. The foundling Skeezix was the protagonist of the comic strip "Gasoline Alley."

'''''vint''''' 
A real game. Which Reef here pretends not to understand, a classic card-sharp gambit.

'''''avantyuristka''''' 
Unfortunate placement of the hyphen makes it look as if it's ''avant-'' something, but it's a single Russian word, авантюристка, meaning "adventuress."

==Page 668==

'''reticule''' 
Lady's handbag, especially one made by netting or tatting. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_539|page 539:reticule]].

'''''Ite, missa est''''' 
Last words of the Latin mass: Go, you are sent.

literally: "go, the mass is said" or "go, the mass is done". Yashmeen's way of telling Kit there will be nothing more said about the subject. In more legalistic terms, she could have said "case closed", but there is a religious theme running through the whole page ("Sectarian vector wars, trafficking with the unseen, priesthoods and heresies"; "vows of abstinence").

'''dossing''' 
to sleep; particularly at a common lodging-house or 'doss-house.'

==Page 669==

'''Pinks''' 
Pinkerton agents.

==Page 670==

'''glowing giant amœbas that leave sticky residues''' 
A recent book, ''Spook,'' by Mary Roach, tells how 19th-century mediums prepared these cheesecloth apparitions and secreted them in their vaginas.

==Page 671==

'''''Bozhe moi!''''' 
Russian: My God.

'''bunco man''' 
The original bunco was a dishonest gambling game played with dice. Eventually the word evolved the sense 'the playing of a bunco game', and hence 'swindling or fraud of any sort'. From Spanish, Banco, a card game like monte. First recorded usage in 1870's, when it became popular quickly.

'''speakin as an old bunco man . . . it was him talkin''' 
Reef displaying the kind of skepticism that would eventually explode the whole spiritualist enterprise.

==Page 672==
==Page 673==
'''"I'm screamin again"''' 
Screamin motif in Webb's channelled memory.

'''"Take a picture next time."''' 
Photographs of ectoplasm, spirits and suchlike were very popular around 1900. This interest was fuelled by Roentgen's discovery of X-rays.

'''"eigenvalue"''' 
"(a) each of a set of values of a parameter for which a differential equation has a non-zero solution (an eigenfunction) under given conditions; (b) any of the numbers such that a given matrix minus that number times the identity matrix has zero determinant" (''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'')

==Page 674==

'''"great never-sleeping hydropathic"''' 
Internal and external use of water as a therapeutic treatment for all forms of disease. hydro·pathic (hdr-pathik) , hydro·pathi·cal...American Heritage Dictionary. 
In 1877, the estate became the property of the Craiglockhart Hydropathic Company, who set about building a hydropathic institute. Such was Craiglockhart's function until the advent of the First World War. Between 1916 and 1919 the building was used as a military psychiatric hospital for the treatment of shell-shocked officers. Wikipedia. 
see esp. the next paragraph. 

'''swamper''' 
One who performs general, menial duties.

'''''vis inertiæ''''' 
Latin: force of inertia. Not considered a "force" since Newton.

'''draining away''' 
once more "draining away", though for the first time not referring to light (cf. p.198, 649).

==Page 675==

'''Lee de Forest''' 
cf [[ATD_26-56#Page_29|page 29]]

'''All Kit had anymore''' 
???

'''As light began to steep in...'''

Like on page 566, this dream-passage seems to contain a top-down examination of Kit's progress; of his motives and awareness of complicity in the Traverse vengeance-quest against the Vibes. Similar to Kit's earlier dream(s?), it's a thematic reduction and feels like a significant 'clue':

<blockquote>As light began to steep in around the edges of the window blinds, Kit fell asleep again and dreamed of a bullet en route to the heart of an enemy, traveling for many years and many miles, hitting something now and then and ricocheting off at a different angle but continuing its journey as if conscious of where it must go, and he understood that this zigzagging around through four-dimensional space-time might be expressed as a vector in five dimensions. Whatever the number of ''n'' dimensions it inhabited, an observer would need one extra, ''n'' + 1, to see it and connect the end points to make a single resultant.</blockquote>

'''resultant''' 
notice this word and not 'result' in the above paragraph. 'Resultant' has math vector meanings! ...Issuing or following as a consequence or result. 1. Something that results; an outcome. 2. Mathematics A single vector that is the equivalent of a set of vectors....American Heritage Dictionary.

In addition to the broad narrative summary, there appears to be a metatextual implication here. Regarding the reader in Pynchon's overall 'Against The Day' scheme: the novel ''n'' must be observed from an ''n'' +1 perspective (that is: dimensionally distinct) to connect end-points and weave a single result, to engage and correlate strands and twines into a coherent narrative whole. Without an overarching consciousness there's apparent anarchy: with said consciousness there's meaning and vector. 

Part of which meaning I might argue is that Kit's revengeful bullet is part of the overarching 'problem' of mutual complicity, which we readers have to see. 

[[User:Bean|remy]] 10:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

'''Hour of the Rat''' 
In Chinese astrology, the hours between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m., marking the beginning of a new day. The rat is the first of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac, as it is said to have won the race between them.

==Page 676==

'''Constantza''' 
Constanţa, Romania's seaport on the Black Sea.

'''Too many of us have to sit foolishly by...''' 
Vibe = Vibration, a wave disturbance of the aether; for most of us incoherent force driving human misery, but for the Traverse family a person, a personified malevolence on which vengenace can be wreaked.

==Page 677==

'''Buda-Pesth''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest Budapest], the capital city of Hungary. The cities of Buda and Pest (archaic spelling Pesth) were unified in 1872; the hyphenated spelling persisted for many years.

'''Psychical Research''' 
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a non-profit organization in the United Kingdom whose purpose is to research and investigate supernatural, magical, paranormal, and occult phenomena in a scientific and unbiased manner. It was founded in 1882 by three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge, Edmund Gurney, Frederic William Henry Myers, and Henry Sidgwick, because of their interest in spiritualism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research Wikipedia]. 
Wikipedia has no Budapest connection, but it says the Society was very active in its first thirty years, the time of ATD. A history of the Society might have the Budapest sections.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 644-677

2010-09-03T20:29:00Z

Bangorang: /* Page 647 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 644==

'''Union Depot''' 
El Paso's Union Depot Passenger Station was built in 1905. The Depot was the first passenger train station to be built in the United States specifically for international railway traffic. It is located at San Francisco Ave downtown El Paso vey close to the US-Mexico border. There is a rumor around in El Paso that Pancho Villa used the Depot's bell tower as a lookout for the attack of Juárez during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920). The Depot now is listed in the National Register of Historic Commission.

'''El Paso''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas El Paso], the sixth largest city in Texas, is located at the western tip of Texas. It is the second largest city along the Mexican border. And lies across the Rio Grande is Juáres, Mexico, the other half of the bi-national metropolitan area.

'''Chamizal''' 
It was a disputed parcel of land between El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The dispute was caused by the differences between the bed of the Rio Grande as surveyed in 1852 and the present channel of the river. The river shifted south continually between 1852 and 1868 with the most radical shift in 1864. As a result, the newly exposed land, about 600 acres, came to be known in Spanish as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamizal El Chamizal], from ''chamiza'', the name of a species of wild cane or reed. The final resolution of the dispute came about only in 1963.

'''E.B. Soltera''' 
''Soltera'' is Spanish: spinster. Estrella Briggs, Unmarried.

'''Regeneration Equipment''' 
In chemical technology "regeneration" means taking a spent product out of the system and cleaning it up for reuse.

'''whiteness''' 
stressed motif. Cf. alabaster temples at the Columbian Exposition.Cf. whiteness in GR.

==Page 645==

'''E.P.T.''' 
El Paso, Texas.

'''buyer beware''' 
That is, ''caveat emptor''.

==Page 646==

'''Sakes''' 
For heaven's sakes.

'''Geronimo''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo Geronimo] (1829-1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who fought against the encroachment of the United States on his tribal lands and perople for over 25 years.

'''Willow and Holt''' 
Willow: Stray's sister (pp. 361 & 367), Holt: Willow's husband (p. 367)

==Page 647==

'''''For really it was the sidekick who presented the problem. Restless type. Fair hair, hat back on his head so the big brim sort of haloed his face, shiny eyes and low-set, pointed ears like an elf's...''''' 
Billy the Kid? No, he died in 1881. 
[http://www.imdb.com/gallery/mptv/1258/Mptv/1258/3306_0333.jpg?path=pgallery&path_key=Wilder,%20Gene The Waco Kid,] the gunfighter played by Gene Wilder in ''Blazing Saddles''?

'''Daisy, Daisy''' 
"Daisy Bell" is a popular song whose lyrics ("Daisy, Daisy, Give me your answer do...I'm half crazy, all for the love of you..." as well as the line "...a bicycle built for two") are considerably better known than the song's actual title.
"Daisy Bell" was composed by Harry Dacre in 1892. As David Ewen writes in American Popular Songs: "When Dacre, an English popular composer, first came to the United States, he brought with him a bicycle, for which he was charged duty. His friend (the songwriter William Jerome) remarked lightly: 'It's lucky you didn't bring a bicycle built for two, otherwise you'd have to pay double duty.' Dacre was so taken with the phrase 'bicycle built for two' that he decided to use it in a song. That song, Daisy Bell, first became successful in a London music hall, in a performance by Kate Lawrence. Tony Pastor was the first one to sing it in the United States. Its success in America began when Jennie Lindsay brought down the house with it at the Atlantic Gardens on the Bowery early in 1892." Wikipedia....see this for memorable occasions of its use.
It was evidently sung at the OK Corral gunfight, if TRP says so but I have not substantiated this yet.

:Pynchon did not say Doc Holliday sang "Daisy, Daisy" before or during the Gunfight. But Doc Holliday, in his "rejoinder to Frank McLaury", did use the 1880s' slang phrase "daisy" — according to some accounts. After the Gunfight people then, claimed by Pynchon, used the song "Daisy, Daisy" as a "sort of telegraphic code . . . for Boot Hill" (graveyard, see page 648). 

More popularly, sung by HAL, the failing shipboard computer, as it is disabled in Stanley Kubrick's film ''2001, A Space Odyssey.''

Agreed. Although all that's interesting enough info I guess, the most relevant piece of data that we need to make sense of the text in question and not just tangential random association is what the directly alluded to "rejoinder" itself was, namely:

"I've got you now," McLaury challenged.

"Blaze away! You're a daisy if you have," countered Holliday. (Daily Nugget, Oct 27, 1881)

Also of interest is how Doc didn't shoot McLaury following this exchange according to the autopsy reports, but got skimmed in the ass by McLaury but Morgan, thus proving his bluster or bravery to be just that, a ballsy but not necessarily factually accurate "rejoinder" in the heat of a shoot-out.

==Page 648==
'''at the O.K. Corral''' 
It refers to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunfight_at_the_O.K._Corral The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral]. The 30-second event occurred on October 26, 1881, in a vacant lot, behind the corral in Tombstone, AZ. It was Wyatt Earp, Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Doc Holliday fought against Frank McLaury, Tom McLaury, Ike Clanton, Billy Clanton, Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller. Frank and Tom McLaury and Billy Clanton were killed while Morgan Earp, Virgil Earp and Holliday were wounded. The gunfight supposed to be between law-and-order and open banditry and rustling in frontier towns of the Old West. The Gunfight has been the subject of many many books, movies, songs, . . . etc.

'''Boot Hill''' 
It is the name for any number of cemeteries, chiefly in th American West. During the 19th century it was a common name for the burial grounds of gunfighters or those who "died with their boots on" (ie. violently). Also, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_Hill Boot Hill] graves were made for people who died in a strange town without assets for a funeral.
The most famous Boot Hill graveyard of the Old West is, of course, in Tombstone, AZ. Buired at the site are various victims of violence and desease in Tombstone's early years, including those from the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Boot Hill was also the destination for bad-men and those lynched or legally hanged in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone%2C_Arizona Tombstone, AZ].

==Page 649==
'''Rosie's Cantina''' 
As found in Marty Robbins's 1959 hit song "El Paso" (a song frequently covered by the Grateful Dead). When the exiled narrator attempts to return to the cantina, he sees to his right "five mounted cowboys/Off to my left ride a dozen or more."

...Night-time would find me in Rosa's cantina;
Music would play and Felina would whirl.

The rest of the lyrics: [http://www.cowboylyrics.com/lyrics/robbins-marty/el-paso-11889.html El Paso].

'''L.&O.L.''' 
Law and Order League Cf page 644.

also internet slang for Laughing Out Loud (LOL). 
or "Lots of Luck"

'''light draining away''' 
cf. p.198: "He watched the light over the ranges slowly draining away", as Webb dies.

==Page 650==

'''ocotillo''' 
[http://weather.nmsu.edu/AbqPlantList/dshrub/Ocotillo.htm Ocotillo] is a drought-deciduous shrub. It can have anywhere from 6 to 100 wand like branches that grow from the root crown with a stem anywhere from 9 to 30 feet tall.

'''Rock Springs''' 
Wyoming town, center of the Wyoming oil boom of the late 1970s, early 1980s, known then as a wide open town.

'''Ladies' Friend''' 
a small pistol that could be concealed in a lady's clothing.

'''Creede''' 
Central Colorado town, like Telluride once a mining town, now a ski resort.

==Page 651==

'''Dixies and Fans and Mignonettes''' 
Just typical names of bar girls?

==Page 652==

'''Karawankenbahn . . . Tauern . . . Wochein''' 
A series of tunnels constructed as part of [http://historicaltextarchive.com/books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=2&cid=13 a huge Austrian public works project] in the first years of the 20th century. They are named for ranges of mountains and hills they pass through. The objective was to develop rail transport to the port of Trieste. Read further in this entry for the location of Wochein. 

''Karawankenbahn'' means Karawanken Railway in German. 
Between 1867-1918 Trieste (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page_516|page 516:Trieste]]) was part of Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was Austria's first seaport and the principal outlet for the ocean trade of the monarchy. But it did not have adequate railway communication with Austria's interior. To give a great impetus to the trade of Trieste in particular and to the over-sea trade of Austria in general, it was decided in 1901 to build the Karawanken Railway connecting Trieste and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klagenfurt Klagenfurt], the capital of the federal state of Carinthia in Austria. The railway was built over and through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karavanke Karawanken] mountains, Europe's longest (70-mile long) mountain range on the border between current Slovenia and Austria. The ''Karawanken Tunnel'' was opened on October 1, 1906; it is the fourth longest railway tunnel in Austria with a length of over 4.8 miles (7,976 m). (For a [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Karawankentunnel_construction_train.jpg Karawanken Tunnel construction picture]). 

At the same time (1901-1909) another railway, ''Tauernbahn'' (Tauern Railway) over and through the Tauern mountains was built between Schwarzach-St.Veit (in the province of Salzburg) and Spittal an de Drau (in Carinthia). It can reach Trieste by connection through Karawanken and Wochein tunnels. [http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.t/t105381.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en Tauern Railway] passes underneath the Hohe Tauern Mountain Range through the 5-mile long ''Tauern Tunnel'' which was opened on July 7, 1909.

''Wochein'', the old German name, is now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj ''Bohinj''] in Slovenia. It is an alpine valley and a municipality in the north-west of Slovenia, in the Julian Alps. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohinj_railway Bohinj Railway] is a railway in Slovenia extending into Trieste, Italy (both were parts of Austria-Hungary before 1918). It was built in 1904 with a 3.8-mile long ''Bohinj (Wochein) Tunnel'' under the 5,00-ft tall Koblas Mountain.

'''Brigue''' 
French name for the Swiss city of Brig, a historic town with 5,000 inhabitants. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brig,_Switzerland Brigue] is located close to the Swiss-Italian border. The language used in every day transactions is a unique German dialect.

'''Domodossola''' 
An Italian city located at the foot of the Italian Alps, a minor passenger-rail hub. Its strategic location accommodates Swiss rail passengers, acting as an international stopping-point between Locarno (a Swiss city in the Italian language zone) and Brig (a Swiss city in the German language zone) via the Simplon Pass. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domodossola Domodossola]].

'''two parallel galleries''' 
The description of the Simplon tunnel project seems to be close to the facts. The Simplon tunnel consists of two parallel tubes, the first of which was opened in 1905, the second not until 1921. The second gallery this passage refers to was built alongside the first tube in order to supply the workers with fresh air. It was later extended. 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplon_Pass The Simplon Tunnel] is a 12.3-mile long railway tunnel consisting of two separate single-track tunnels completed 16 years apart — the first one opened on June 1, 1906 and the second one October 16, 1922. For half a century it was the world longest railway tunnel. It was planned by Alfred Brandt of the Hamburg firm of Brandt & Brandau, and its construction began in 1898. It was a tremendous feat of engineering in almost impossibly difficult conditions. It seems that Pynchon in describing the tunnel work followed closely [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World].

==Page 653==

'''Brandt drills''' 
Brandt & Brandau were Hamburg engineers responsible for the tunnel project. Possibly also an allusion to Adolf Brand (1874-1945), German homosexual activist and anarchist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Brand Wikipedia article.]. "Brand" is also a German word for fire or combustion.

'''Kanuni Lekë Dukagjinit''' 
should be "Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit". "Kanuni" is Albanian for "code". 

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuni_i_Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjinit Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit], ''The Code of Lekë Dukagjini'', is a set of laws developed by an Albanian prince, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini Lekë Dukagjini] (1410-1481), who fought against the Ottoman Empire. These laws were used mostly in northern Albania and Kosovo from the 15th century until the 20th century and were revived recently after the fall of the communist regime in the early 1990s. Some of the most infamous rules specified how murder was supposed to be handled (resembled the Italian ''vendetta'') and it often led to blood feuds that lasted until all the men of the involved families were killed.

'''League of Prizren''' 
Aimed for Albanian unity and autonomy; 1878; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Prizren Wikipedia article.]

==Page 654==

'''''Jetokam, jetokam!''''' 
I'm alive (Albanian).

'''Më fal''' 
Sorry (Albanian).

'''many superstitions inside this mountain''' 
Tunnelers and miners were among the most superstitious trades. Small wonder.

'''history. They suffered from it...survive to see the day.''' 
Title thematic.To see the day History [Time] ended?

==Page 655==

'''''non è vero?''''' 
It's not true?

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
A/k/a Swiss dragon. A mythical creature or cryptid, depending on who you believe. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Wikipedia entry]; [http://www.newanimal.org/tatzel.htm Cryptid zoo website.]

The name literally means "pawed worm".

'''[S]ometimes a Tatzelwurm is only a Tatzelwurm.''' 
Echoing the comment attributed to Freud, "sometimes a cigar is just a cigar", the cigar-loving alienist who would have been on the faculty of the University of Vienna at this time.

==Page 656==
'''favogn''' 
Name used mostly in western Switzerland for ''föhn,'' a dry wind blowing down the lee side of the Alps.

'''adiabatic''' 
Term in thermodynamics meaning an absence of heat transfer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process Wikipedia entry.] Also, confusingly and probably not coincidentally, a term in quantum mechanics referring to an infinitely slow change in the Hamiltonian of a system. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process_%28quantum_mechanics%29 Wikipedia entry.] Yes, it's that [[H#hamilton|Hamilton]].

'''balneomaniacs''' 
People avid for mineral baths and spas like those at . . .

'''Baden-Baden . . . Wagga Wagga''' 
In Germany and New South Wales (Australia) respectively.
Names, of course, which suggest bilocation.

'''Moazagotl clouds''' 
A persistent cloud formation associated with the föhn. [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=moazagotl1 Technical definition.]

'''Ruperta Chirpingdon-Groin''' 
Great alliterative last name given her effect on men.

==Page 657==

'''''Macchè, gioia mia''''' 
Italian: No way, my joy!

'''''troglodita''''' 
Spanish: brute, pig. ? Italian: troglodyte, cave dweller, barbarian

'''''Càlmati''''' 
Italian: Take it easy.

'''''Tutto va bene. Un amico di pochi anni fa''''' 
Italian: It's all right. A friend from a few years ago.

'''Ambroid''' 
Synthetic amber used for costume jewelry.

'''''Tesoro''''' 
Italian: treasure.

:Honey

==Page 658==

'''Petite Roquette''' 
A Paris prison later used as a reformatory for boys.

'''Tatzelwurm''' 
Cryptozoologists also use the term "Swiss dragon" for this mythical Alpine beast. Its habitation is not said to be limited to mines and tunnels. Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 655|page 655:Tatzelwurm]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatzelwurm Mostly uninformative Wikipedia entry.]

'''''Ndih'më! . . . Nxito!''''' 
Albanian: Help me!...Quickly!

'''a scream''' 
again that Pynchonian expression of horror as elsewhere in ATD, such as
in the 'inner sands' scenes and GR, of course.

'''''spital''''' 
Various languages: hospital, infirmary.

==Page 659==

'''''bien sûr''''' 
French: certainly. Here "''Of course'' it did."

'''showered again, unlocked his private pulley-rope, lowered his clothes . . . hung his wet working gear on the hook, raised it again and padlocked the rope''' 
from [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1905simplon.html How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World]: 
:"At the top of the building steampipes were fixed, and each man was entitled to his own private rope and padlock; this rope passes over a pulley in the roof, and has a hook at the end to which he can attach his day clothes, . . . and pulling them up by the cord and padlocking it he secures the safety of his belongings. On returning from his work he . . . has his bath, lowers his clothes, and, hanging his wet mining dress on the hook, raises it to the roof. Here it hangs until he again returns to work, when he finds his clothes dry and warm."

'''Domodossola''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 652|page 652:Domodossola]].

'''didn't look back''' 
Sodom & Gomorrah motif.

'''They had been good friends, that crew''' 
A number of homoerotic allusions in the preceding passages.

'''St.-Gotthard''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_Rail_Tunnel Gotthard Railway Tunnel] is a 9-mile long tunnel in Switzerland opened in 1882. The tunnel is part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthardbahn Gotthardbahn] Gotthard Railway connecting Lucerne through the Alps to Cjiasso on the Swiss-Italian border.

==Page 660==

==Page 661==

'''Intra''' 
Now Verbania, on the shore of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Maggiore Lago Maggiore], Piedmont, in northwest Italy.

'''tramontana''' 
It's a wind coming from the North in Italy, usually cold and cutting.

'''Wilhelm Weber''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page_594|page 594:Wilhelm Weber]] (1804-1891), German Physicist.

'''Baron von Waltershausen''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Sartorius_von_Waltershausen Baron Wolfgang von Waltershausen] (1809-1876), a German geologist. He was Friedrich Gauss's close friend and biographer.

'''Riemann knew he was dying''' 
Riemann died of tuberculosis, July 20, 1866.

'''the Seven Weeks' War''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War The Austro-Prussia War] (June 15 — August 23, 1866). Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:Göttingen . . . war with Prussia]].

'''Cassel''' 
Now spelled [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel Kassel], a city in Hessen, Germany. It is about 25 miles southwest of Göttingen.

'''Hannover''' 
German name of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover Hanover], a major city of northern Germany. It is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony where Göttingen, about 50 miles south, is also located.

'''Langensalza''' 
Since 1956, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Langensalza Bad Langensalza], a city about 45 miles southeast of Göttingen, in Thuringia, Germany. It was a site of the 1866 Second Battle of Langensalza between Prussia and Hanover during the Seven Weeks' War.

'''Veneto''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneto Veneto region], one of the twenty regions of Italy, is in northeastern Italy by the Adriatic Sea. It consists of seven provinces. One of them is Verona, home to Romeo and Juliet; another one is Venezia, home of Venice.

'''Custozza''' 
Also spelled Custoza. A village of northeastern Italy in the province of Verona. It was the site of the Battle of Custozza of June 24, 1866, between Austria and Italy resulted in Austria's victory.

'''Deep Germany''' 
"the folk-dream behind the Black Forest", and so on to p. 662

'''Black Forest''' 
A wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. It also has the source of the river Danube. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Forest The Black Forest] is part of the continental divide between the Atlantic Ocean watershed and the Black Sea watershed.

==Page 662==

'''elves''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf Elves] are mythical creatures of Germanic mythology and Germanic paganism which still survive in northern European folklore. Elves are often pictured as youthful-seeming men and women of great beauty living in forests and other natural places, underground, or in wells and springs. They have been portrayed to be long-lived or immortal and they have magical powers attributed to them.

'''shadows with undulating tails and moving wings''' 
shadow of Satan image?. Cf. p. 211 
-Feels more like another dragon image to me (following close on the heels of the Tatzelwurm references), due to the size of the shadows and the surrounding imagery in the paragraph.

'''the Haupt-Bahnhof in Frankfurt''' 
the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Hauptbahnhof Central Railway Station] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt Frankfurt]. Regarding passenger volume alone, it is the second largest station outside Japan. Built close to where in earlier times the gallows had been located.

'''Orient Express''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page_567|page 567: the Orient Express]]. The accident mentioned happened on December 7th 1901, though according to [http://www.dooyoo.de/flughaefen-bahnhoefe-national/bahnhof-frankfurt-main/720973/] the train came to rest in the waiting hall rather than the restaurant.

'''collapse of the Campanile in Venice''' 
Bell-tower on St. Mark's Basilica. The campanile reached its present form in 1514. As it stands today, however, the tower is a reconstruction, completed in 1912 after the collapse of 1902. Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 256|page 256:the tower collapses]], [[ATD_243-272#Page 259|page 259:dov'era com'era]], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mark's_Campanile St. Mark's Campanile].

'''roof of the Charing Cross Station''' 
A major railway station in London. The elegant original roof structure collapsed on 5 December 1905. By great fortune, only six lives were lost (two workmen on the roof, a bookstall vendor and three passers-by in the street, where most of the girders fell). It was rebuilt two years later. Cf [[ATD_557-587# Page 577|page 577:Charing Cross]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station Charing Cross Station]. 

So it is now 1906 in this chapter.

'''the revenge of Deep Germany...shameless German primitivism''' 
We have seen an earlier [[ATD 615-643#Page 632|reference]] to deeper Germany, to the pre-Christian, pre-rational Germany, here supposed to be avenging itself upon the mechanised, rational order that has supplanted it.

This pre-Christian Germany was the mythical Golden Age Nazism sought to draw upon and revive. In 1936 G.G. Jung wrote essay entitled "Wotan", in which he argued that the German psyche had been overwhelmed by the sudden awakening of the archetype of the ancient Norse god, Wotan, who had slumbered for 1,000 years, was the god of frenzy and magic and would, Jung predicted, more than likely lead the German people into some cataclysmic event.
 
[Fascinating reference. This reminds me strongly of the Vormance expedition from the "Iceland Spar" section of AtD, which brings some kind of artifact back to civilization, unleashing ruin; cf. pg. 142 for references to Norse gods being reawakened.] 
'''laden''' 
The use of this word in the context of anarchist bombs and collapsed buildings suggests a reference to one "bin Laden."
(quite a stretch....)

==Page 663==

'''''stranniki''''' 
Russian, literally: pilgrims, wanderers. Dissenters from the Russian Orthodox Church; a sect of Old Believers who rejected the Orthodox priesthood and sacraments. cf. ''The Way of the Pilgrim'' 

'''''podpol'niki,'' underground men''' 
They are ''pod pole,'' literally under the floor. Allusion to that religious Russian, Dostoevsky and his
''Notes from Underground'' (''Zapiski iz podpol'ya'').
Interestingly in that work, Dostoyevsky uses a Palace of Crystal as a metaphor for a functionalist utopia where everything works like clockwork and life is a complete bore. The narrator abhors and fears such a state and is obsessed with its destuction. Compare this to the train crash, and the roof and camponile collapse of the section above. Not to mention 9/11. "Shades" of Ted Kaczynnski here.

'''"not the day we knew"''' 
Thematic re day.

'''"extralogical...mathematical work"''' 
math work is beyond logic, mystical-like.

'''"Now I am expelled from the garden"''' 
Yashmeen is expelled from the paradisiac Göttingen like Eve was expelled from the Garden of Eden.

'''smooth-enough World-Line''' 
linear History, not the ATD 'line', with a verbal pairing to 'World-Island', that Pynchonian way of naming the Earth.

Perhaps reference to: world line
n.

The path in space-time traveled by an elementary particle for the time and distance that it retains its identity.

...in general usage, a world line is the sequential path of personal human events (with time and place as dimensions) that marks the history of a person —perhaps starting at the time and place of one's birth until their death.

Much more here: [http://www.answers.com/topic/world-line] from answers.com

==Page 664==

'''Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazzoletta''' 
Allusion to the Davos tuberculosis sanatorium of Thomas Mann's ''The Magic Mountain'', which was indeed the anteroom of death for its protagonist, Hans Castorp, who goes on to be "cured" to serve in World War I, a personification of the death of Europe. Note that, at the sanatorium, Castorp falls in love with a Russian named Madame Chauchat, to whom Yashmeen's presence here may allude.
Alchemy is also a leitmotif of ''The Magic Mountain'', with the sanatorium as an enclosed system in which something is turned to gold (Castorp's enlightenment). 
I might be wrong, but I've found no evidence that a "Sanatorium Böpfli-Spazoletta" ever existed. The name is a compound of a (mock?) Swiss-German word and an Italian-sounding one and thus recalls the Simplon passage. ("spazzolata" means "a brush", hence "spazzoletta" might mean "a small brush".Which does not make the name any clearer.)

'''anterooms of death''' 
The metaphor repeated from page 526, now possibly with a different meaning. Interestingly enough a Swedish novel with the title "I dödens väntrum", literally "In the Anterooms of Death", was publlished in 1930. This novel takes place in a Swiss sanatorium. Three possibilities: sheer coincidence; "the anterooms of death" was a commonplace metaphor for sanatoriums in that day ("the consumptive chic" points in this direction; Pynchon actually knows about the Swedish novel.

'''Borsalino''' 
A fedoras made by Italy's famed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsalino Borsalino] Company.

==Page 665==

'''Glenwood Springs''' 
Colorado town, then as now site of a famous inn and hot springs, hydrotherapy center and spa, located on the main line of the Denver & Rio Grand Western Railroad. Until the early 1980s, a popular excursion was an overnight trip from Denver along the upper Colorado River through Glenwood Canyon to the venerable hotel/baths on the D&RG's venerable rolling stock, the last privately operated passenger train in the U.S. The route is now operated by Amtrak, but the canyon has been ruined by the completion of I-70 through it. Pynchon's sinister railroad of the 1800s has been superseded, has become in its turn a nostalgic retreat from a newer modernity. For Kit, in his eastward trip from home, Glenwood Springs would have been the last large stop before Denver.

'''tunnel Italian''' 
The pidgin Reef learned in the tunnels.

'''St.-Gotthard Tunnel''' 
Cf [[ATD_644-677#Page 659|page 659:St.-Gotthard]].

'''Bellinzona''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellinzona Bellinzona] is the capital city of the canton Ticino, Switzerland. The city is famous for its three castles — Castelgrande, Montebello and Sasso Corbaro, now part of the UNESCO world heritage.

'''repeated figure being played on an alpenhorn''' 
Ri-i-co-la! The Swiss call the instrument alphorn or alpenhorn.

'''Mouffette''' 
French: Skunk.

'''Papillon''' 
French: Butterfly.
:Any of a breed of small dog related to the spaniel, having a long silky coat, a bushy tail that curves over its back, and large ears shaped like the wings of a butterfly. [http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/8/83/250px-Papillon_sitting_Flickr_edit.jpg picture]

==Page 666==
'''Reader, she bit him.''' 
Reef has failed, both literally and figuratively, to screw the pooch. (and, of course, a parody of the opening sentence of the final chapter of "Jane Eyre")

==Page 667==

'''skeezicks''' 
Affectionate term for a man. The foundling Skeezix was the protagonist of the comic strip "Gasoline Alley."

'''''vint''''' 
A real game. Which Reef here pretends not to understand, a classic card-sharp gambit.

'''''avantyuristka''''' 
Unfortunate placement of the hyphen makes it look as if it's ''avant-'' something, but it's a single Russian word, авантюристка, meaning "adventuress."

==Page 668==

'''reticule''' 
Lady's handbag, especially one made by netting or tatting. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page_539|page 539:reticule]].

'''''Ite, missa est''''' 
Last words of the Latin mass: Go, you are sent.

literally: "go, the mass is said" or "go, the mass is done". Yashmeen's way of telling Kit there will be nothing more said about the subject. In more legalistic terms, she could have said "case closed", but there is a religious theme running through the whole page ("Sectarian vector wars, trafficking with the unseen, priesthoods and heresies"; "vows of abstinence").

'''dossing''' 
to sleep; particularly at a common lodging-house or 'doss-house.'

==Page 669==

'''Pinks''' 
Pinkerton agents.

==Page 670==

'''glowing giant amœbas that leave sticky residues''' 
A recent book, ''Spook,'' by Mary Roach, tells how 19th-century mediums prepared these cheesecloth apparitions and secreted them in their vaginas.

==Page 671==

'''''Bozhe moi!''''' 
Russian: My God.

'''bunco man''' 
The original bunco was a dishonest gambling game played with dice. Eventually the word evolved the sense 'the playing of a bunco game', and hence 'swindling or fraud of any sort'. From Spanish, Banco, a card game like monte. First recorded usage in 1870's, when it became popular quickly.

'''speakin as an old bunco man . . . it was him talkin''' 
Reef displaying the kind of skepticism that would eventually explode the whole spiritualist enterprise.

==Page 672==
==Page 673==
'''"I'm screamin again"''' 
Screamin motif in Webb's channelled memory.

'''"Take a picture next time."''' 
Photographs of ectoplasm, spirits and suchlike were very popular around 1900. This interest was fuelled by Roentgen's discovery of X-rays.

'''"eigenvalue"''' 
"(a) each of a set of values of a parameter for which a differential equation has a non-zero solution (an eigenfunction) under given conditions; (b) any of the numbers such that a given matrix minus that number times the identity matrix has zero determinant" (''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'')

==Page 674==

'''"great never-sleeping hydropathic"''' 
Internal and external use of water as a therapeutic treatment for all forms of disease. hydro·pathic (hdr-pathik) , hydro·pathi·cal...American Heritage Dictionary. 
In 1877, the estate became the property of the Craiglockhart Hydropathic Company, who set about building a hydropathic institute. Such was Craiglockhart's function until the advent of the First World War. Between 1916 and 1919 the building was used as a military psychiatric hospital for the treatment of shell-shocked officers. Wikipedia. 
see esp. the next paragraph. 

'''swamper''' 
One who performs general, menial duties.

'''''vis inertiæ''''' 
Latin: force of inertia. Not considered a "force" since Newton.

'''draining away''' 
once more "draining away", though for the first time not referring to light (cf. p.198, 649).

==Page 675==

'''Lee de Forest''' 
cf [[ATD_26-56#Page_29|page 29]]

'''All Kit had anymore''' 
???

'''As light began to steep in...'''

Like on page 566, this dream-passage seems to contain a top-down examination of Kit's progress; of his motives and awareness of complicity in the Traverse vengeance-quest against the Vibes. Similar to Kit's earlier dream(s?), it's a thematic reduction and feels like a significant 'clue':

<blockquote>As light began to steep in around the edges of the window blinds, Kit fell asleep again and dreamed of a bullet en route to the heart of an enemy, traveling for many years and many miles, hitting something now and then and ricocheting off at a different angle but continuing its journey as if conscious of where it must go, and he understood that this zigzagging around through four-dimensional space-time might be expressed as a vector in five dimensions. Whatever the number of ''n'' dimensions it inhabited, an observer would need one extra, ''n'' + 1, to see it and connect the end points to make a single resultant.</blockquote>

'''resultant''' 
notice this word and not 'result' in the above paragraph. 'Resultant' has math vector meanings! ...Issuing or following as a consequence or result. 1. Something that results; an outcome. 2. Mathematics A single vector that is the equivalent of a set of vectors....American Heritage Dictionary.

In addition to the broad narrative summary, there appears to be a metatextual implication here. Regarding the reader in Pynchon's overall 'Against The Day' scheme: the novel ''n'' must be observed from an ''n'' +1 perspective (that is: dimensionally distinct) to connect end-points and weave a single result, to engage and correlate strands and twines into a coherent narrative whole. Without an overarching consciousness there's apparent anarchy: with said consciousness there's meaning and vector. 

Part of which meaning I might argue is that Kit's revengeful bullet is part of the overarching 'problem' of mutual complicity, which we readers have to see. 

[[User:Bean|remy]] 10:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

'''Hour of the Rat''' 
In Chinese astrology, the hours between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m., marking the beginning of a new day. The rat is the first of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac, as it is said to have won the race between them.

==Page 676==

'''Constantza''' 
Constanţa, Romania's seaport on the Black Sea.

'''Too many of us have to sit foolishly by...''' 
Vibe = Vibration, a wave disturbance of the aether; for most of us incoherent force driving human misery, but for the Traverse family a person, a personified malevolence on which vengenace can be wreaked.

==Page 677==

'''Buda-Pesth''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest Budapest], the capital city of Hungary. The cities of Buda and Pest (archaic spelling Pesth) were unified in 1872; the hyphenated spelling persisted for many years.

'''Psychical Research''' 
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a non-profit organization in the United Kingdom whose purpose is to research and investigate supernatural, magical, paranormal, and occult phenomena in a scientific and unbiased manner. It was founded in 1882 by three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge, Edmund Gurney, Frederic William Henry Myers, and Henry Sidgwick, because of their interest in spiritualism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research Wikipedia]. 
Wikipedia has no Budapest connection, but it says the Society was very active in its first thirty years, the time of ATD. A history of the Society might have the Budapest sections.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 615-643

2010-09-03T02:36:18Z

Bangorang: /* Page 639 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 615==

'''''Kreditbrief''''' 
German: letter of credit.

==Page 616==

'''Auditorienhaus''' 
Building housing auditoriums (and in this case a library).

'''Riemann's ''Habilitationsschrift''''' 
In Germany a new faculty member presents a lecture or, in this case, a thesis on taking up office. 
Riemann's lecture, ''On the Hypotheses that Lie at the Foundation of Geometry'', delivered on June 10, 1854. It became a classic of mathematics.

In particular, it provided the mathematical concepts used later by Einstein to formulate his General Theory of Relativity, in which our actual physical space and time are seen to be curved by the action of gravity. Riemann's modern reputation as a "prophetic physicist" thus rests on this lecture. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann Wikipedia]

The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation Habilitation] is actually a formal process for giving a person the right to teach university courses independently (i.e. without a formal assignment) and supervise doctoral candidates. This right is usually referred to as venia docendi or venia legendi in Germany. The process consists of delivering a thesis (Habilitationsschrift) and giving a lecture.

'''the 1859 paper on primes''' 
In August 1859 Riemann presented a paper, ''On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity'', to the Berlin Academy of Science. In the middle of that paper he made what later was called the ''Riemann Hypothesis'' (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:conjecture]]). Today, after nearly 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, it remains unproved.

'''''Achphänomen''''' 
German: the "aha" phenomenon.

'''''Tchetvyortoye Izmereniye''''' 
Today more likely transliterated ''Chetvertoe izmerenie.'' Russian: (the) fourth dimension.

'''''"Yob tvoyu mat'"''''' 
Russian: Fuck your mother. It's as impolite as it looks, but used way more often than in English.

'''Otzovists''' 
A splinter Bolshevik faction. The name comes from the noun ''otzyv'' meaning "recall"; it does not mean "god-builders." The group (existing under this name only in 1908-9) demanded the recall of Social Democrats from the national legislature.

'''Lenin''' 
[http://www.bartleby.com/65/le/Lenin-Vl.html Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov aka Lenin] (1870-1924), Russian revolutionary and founder of Bolshevism and the major force behind the October Revolution, 1917. He studied law at Kazan University but only practiced law for a couple of years before becoming a professional revolutionary. He was arrested in 1895 for his opinions and activities, and was exiled to Siberia in 1897 for three years. At the end of his exile he went to Switzerland in 1900 and became the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1903, and returned to Russia in 1905 during the 1905 Revolution. He left Russia in 1907 and only returned in April, 1917 with Germany's connivance. Lenin inaugurated the ''dictatorship of the proletariat'' after the October Revolution. He died on January 21, 1924 and became the demi-god of the Soviet Union. According to ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'' (1988) Lenin was "shrewd, dynamic, im[placable, pedantic, opportunist, as ice-cold in his economic reasoning as in his impersonal political hatreds that could encompass millions. . . . He inspired in the name of democracy a despotism boundless in the power of its ambition and sense of destiny.''

'''Bolshevists''' 
Commonly called ''Bolsheviks''. At the Second Congress of the Russia's Social Democratic Labor Party in August, 1903 there was a dispute between Lenin and Martov, two of the party's leaders. Lenin argued for a small party of highly disciplined, centralized and dedicated professional revolutionary elites with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters. Martov disagreed believing it was better to have a mass party of activists. At the end of the debate Lenin won a narrow victory: 28 to 23 (the only time in the party history up to then Lenin had a majority behind him). From then on, the Party was split into Lenin's faction called themselves ''Bolsheviks'' (majority) and Martov's faction known as ''Mensheviks'' (minority). The split became permanent as both groups' policy and practice diverged more and more. In 1912, Lenin's Bolsheviks faction formed a separate Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) which in 1918, after they came to power, changed its name to All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). It finally became Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1952 which was dissolved in 1991.

'''anti-Materialist''' 
Marxism belongs to the materialist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism] strain of the Western philosophical tradition, stating that the only objective reality is matter. The orthodox Marxist doctrine is divided into historical materialism (which claims that changes of society and even the non-material "superstructure" are determined by economical processes, and thus materially caused); and dialectical materialism, proposed by Engels and then Lenin, which is basically a philosophy of nature combined with a rather crude gnoseology. The latter maintains that matter is the only substance and it is inherently and objectively dialectical in nature, i.e. it is in constant development due to the interactions of conflicting forces on all levels. An anti-Materialist (like Mach, who was denounced as a "subjective Idealist") is one who is against such belief.

'''Mach''' 
Austrian physicist and philosopher. A strong critic of Newtonian absolute time and absolute space. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:Ernst Mach]] (1838-1916). He was the target of Lenin's attack in his best-known attempt to create a Marxist philosophy (in the technical sense), ''Materialism and Empiriocriticism''.

'''Ouspensky''' 
Russian mystic and author of ''The Fourth Dimension''. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 602|page 602:Young Ouspensky]] (1878-1947).

==Page 617==

'''above this galley-slave repetition of days''' 
ATD motif i.e. rebel against the quotidian day.

'''the already seen''' 
. . . which we know better under the French term ''déjà vu.''

'''Staring at the wallpaper.''' 
A parallel to Kovalevskaya, whose father used Ostrogradsky notes to cover
the walls. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaia wiki].

'''I couldn't get away with only one plane...''' [[Image:Riemann_surface.jpg|thumb|Riemann surface of the log function|right]]
Yashmeen was trying to visualize the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_surface Riemann surface] of a complex function, which details how the function transforms its 2D input (i.e. argument) to its 2D output (i.e. function). Presumably, reading Riemann's geometric works (Cf previous page) would help her understand how to correctly do this.

'''''i, j,'' and ''k'', the unit vectors''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526:Gibbsian Vectors]].

==Page 618==

'''''Schnitte''''' 
Plural of ''Schnitt.'' German: cuts.

'''cuts ... sheets''' 
Referring to the picture on the right, the horizontal planes are called "sheets". The transitions are called "cuts". This is because the picture can be constructed by taking multiple planes, cutting them, and then glueing the edges of the cuts to connect the planes.

Also consider cuts in films as viewed by a film editor (God?). What appear to the viewer as scene changes in time appear to the editor as segments of film glued together in space.

'''multiply-connected spaces''' 
In topology, geometrical objects or spaces that are connected but '''not''' simply connected are called multiply-connected spaces. 
A geometrical object or space is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply-connected simply connected] if it consists of one piece and doesn't have any "holes" that pass all the way through it. For example, balls and planes are simply connected since they have no holes. Neither a donut nor a coffee cup with handle is simply connected, and so both are [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MultiplyConnected.html multiply connected]. 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply_connected Also see Wikipedia] for a fine, relatively nontechnical explanation. 
Sea-ice and Venice were described as multiply connected spaces on [[ATD_119-148#Page_136|p. 136.]]

''''vector space'''' 
In mathematics, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space vector space] is a collection of objects, vectors, that may be scaled and added.

'''That's when it really...''' 
A Riemann surface (e.g. the picture to the right on the previous page) is a 2D [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemannian_manifold Riemannian manifold]. In a 3D [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemannian_manifold Riemannian manifold] (what Yashmeen saw), the multiple connected 2D planes are replaced with multiple 3D spaces. One can sympathize with her discomfort.

'''space of higher dimensionality''' 
Hypersphere. A four-dimensional hypersphere is currently considered the possible shape of our universe. (A 4-D hypersphere is to a 3-D sphere, what a 3-D sphere is to a circle.) In mathematics, [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hypersphere.html Hypersphere] can be n-dimensional with n = 4 and greater. Also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersphere Hypersphere of Wiki Entry].

Cf Riemann's Habilitationsschrift on [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|p. 616]]

'''''nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing, "it doesn't matter".

'''if it doesn't work with gold, the next step will be lead''' 
Cowboy alchemy. If you can't settle your dispute with money, you will have to shoot it out. There's a reference to this process on page 105.

'''it's this damned English practice of talking in code''' 
Refers to commonly noted English cultural tendency to avoid direct expression in conversation.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
The Britain and Russia settled a number of differences in Asia. And with both countries concerned about Germany but friendly with France they concluded the Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg. It defined their respective spheres of interest in Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet, with Russia taking the northern areas of Persia and Britain taking the Persian Gulf area in the south. Its primary aim was to keep Germany out of that region.

==Page 619==

'''''Bierstube''''' 
German: tavern, beer hall.

==Page 620==

'''''akousmaton''''' 
In ''AtD'' the plural ''akousmata'' occurs more often. [[A|Look it up in the alphabetical "A" page.]]

'''eidolon''' 
From Greek: image, picture.

'''minié ball''' 
Rifle bullet with a conical head used in muzzle-loading firearms. [[ATD_97-118#Page_101|See the fuller annotation on p. 101.]]

'''Zirconium''' 
A steel-gray hard ductile metallic element with a high melting point that occurs widely in combined form, is highly resistant to corrosion, and is used especially in alloys and in refractories and ceramics. 
Zirconium is often confused with ''zircon'' and even more often with ''zirconia.'' Zircon is a gemstone consisting chiefly of zirconium silicate. Zirconia is the oxide of zirconium. "Cubic zirconia" became a popular surrogate gem a couple of decades ago.

'''galena''' 
a bluish-gray cubic mineral with metallic luster consisting of lead sulfide and constituting the principal ore of lead.

==Page 621==

'''Reckon ''yo tengo que'' get ''el'' fuck out of ''aquí''''' 
Macaronic Spanish/English: Reckon I'd better get the fuck out of here. 
Kit said the same thing when he decided to leave Yale (page 318).

'''''Zum Mickifest! Komm, komm!''''' 
German: To the Mickey party, come, come! "Mickey Finn" = knockout drops such as chloral hydrate (see any film noir).

'''''K.O.-Tropfen''''' 
German: K.O. (= knockout) drops.

==Page 622==

'''Group-theoretical implications''' 
Introductions to group theory often use "symmetry under rotation" as an illustration. You can rotate a square 90 degrees and get the same square, and likewise 180 and 270 degrees, so the square has fourfold symmetry. Here Gottlob applies a similar concept to the printed words ''pun'' and ''und,'' which alternate with every 180 degree rotation.

'''rhonchus''' 
a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partly obstructed.

'''''Gottlob! Wo ist deine Spritze?''''' 
German: Gottlob, where is your syringe?

'''''"Streng reserviert für den Elefanten!"''''' 
German: Strictly reserved for the elephant (not elephants).

==Page 623==

'''strychnine''' 
a bitter poisonous alkaloid that is obtained from ''nux vomica'' and related plants, and is used as a poison (as for rodents) and medicinally as a stimulant of the central nervous system.

'''Noncommutative . . . Asymmetric''' 
A relation like "cures" is ''commutative'' if "A cures B" implies that "B cures A" and vice versa. Here the situation is fuzzier because a total cure is not at issue: "Chloral alleviates the effects of strychnine" and "Strychnine alleviates the effects of chloral" are both true, so ''noncommutative'' doesn't quite apply, but one is more true than the other, so ''asymmetric'' is a better choice of word.

'''''Verfluchte cowboy!''''' 
German: Damn cowboy! (should be ''Verfluchter Cowboy'')

'''''Achtung, Schwester!''''' 
German: Hey, Nurse!

'''''Klapsmühle''''' 
German: nut factory. (''Er hat einen Klaps'' means "He's nutty"; ''Mühle'' is a mill.)

'''one of his canonical outfits''' 
"Canonicals" is a term for priestly vestments. 
But also, in the psychology of perception, means 'typical' or 'most easily recognised as'

'''Dr. Willi Dingkopf''' 
German: Thinghead. Possibly, given other meanings of "thing", Dickhead.

==Page 624==

'''''Kit: '...You just hit me with, with that stick?'''''' 
This scene was revealed earlier in the book on page 596:
"This is the world, Kit reflected, a couple nights later, around 3 A.M., as an extra smack of the bamboo stick, She is the world."

'''''Hebraic''''' 
Jewish.

'''you are not ''also Hebraic''''' 
Anti-Semitic Dingkopf considered Kit Jewish by his name ''Traverse''.

'''Jew Cantor, the ''Beast of Halle'', . . . to demolish the very foundations of mathematics''' 
Greg Cantor (1845-1918) taught mathematics at University of Halle from 1869-1918. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 593|page 593:Greg Cantor]]). He introduced the concepts of infinity and continuum into mathematics and thus brought about one of mathematical crises mentioned on page 594. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]]). 
Dingkopf regarded Greg Cantor Jewish by his name ''Cantor''.

==Page 625==

'''"Cantor is a practicing Lutheran." "With a name like that? Please." 
Dingkopf hears the name and obsessively thinks of the many Polish Jewish families that bear it. But the connection is not as strong as he surmises: The church of St. Thomas (Thomaskirche) in Leipzig had a staff member called Cantor or Kantor, and noted practicing Lutheran Johann Sebastian Bach held the position in his prime years. Cantor/Lutheran is not an absurdity.

''Cantor'' just means ''singer'' in Latin, and it has been used for persons who have a singing part in both Jewish and Christian (and possibly other) rites.

'''"Dr Hilbert . . ." "Dr. . . . ''David'' Hilbert"''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page324:David Hilbet]] (1862-1943), a German mathematician. Again, Dingkopf regarded him as Jewish because of his name, ''David''.

'''''Kolonie''''' 
German: colony, compound.

'''Invisibilism''' 
The principles of this (apparently) fictional school of design bring to mind Buckminster Fuller's concept of '''ephemeralization''', which notes that as design and technology improve -- "the more ''rationally'' a structure was designed" -- the more that can be done with less, process waste converges toward zero and things become physically smaller, "less visible...to the point" -- the "Penultimate Term" -- of being all but invisible. A simple example, the telephone cord is quickly disappearing as we go to cordless phones, and transistors "grow" smaller and smaller as a corollary to Moore's law. The principle of ephemeralization can be applied to design, construction, transportation, computer and other technologies and tools.

'''into its own metastructure''' 
A German SAP engineer once explained "we control complexity through abstraction."

'''one is left with only traces in the world, a few tangles of barbed wire''' 
The Invisibilist principles are paramorphosized into a future of kolonies where only the barbed wire outlines are visible. Within the context of antisemitism in the preceding paragraphs, the text is moving from kolonies to concentration camps, concentration camps empty perhaps except for the traces of consciousness remaining, outlined in barbed wire, the plan-view of, not the Penultimate Term, but the Final Solution.

'''certain odors''' 
cf. p. 408
This has less to do with Proust and involutary memory than with "perhaps certain ''odors''[Italicized in the original] steming from a few tangles of barbed wire upwind, a wind "which itself possesses now the same index of refracton as the departed Structure..." As is explained to Kit by someone in a guard's uniform who may not actually be a guard. That certain odor seems to be the odor of smoke from the ovens.

'''refraction index''' 
Among other things a refraction index can be used to measure concentration (camps) and confirm purity (ethnic).

'''someone . . . whom Kit . . . assumed was a guard''' 
Error in grammar by Pynchon or, more charitably, introduced by a copy editor. Punctuating as ''someone who/whom (Kit assumed) was a guard'' makes the choice of pronoun clearer. Alternatively: did Kit assume someone? No, he assumed a proposition about someone: ''someone was a guard.'' When the subject of that is transformed to "who/whom" for the purpose of linking it into the sentence, it remains the subject: ''who was a guard.'' 
A quibble over a fine point? Yes, but Pynchon is renowned for his fine points, and this mistake seems to put him on a level with a news intern at a third-tier TV station. So let's consider this a teaching moment: ''Copy editors, don't impose your ignorance on good writers.''

'''''So Gut Wie Neu''''' 
German: as good as new.

'''Dirigible Field''' 
The inmates' occupational therapy is a disguise for constructing this landing facility.

'''a real Dirigible''' 
The inmates have established a cargo cult [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult Wikipedia article] or a [http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/ufos.html UFO cult.]
:Sounds like an echo and/or parody of the "He Who Must Come" material on page 543. Both are in close proximity to the name Richard Strauss.

'''Doofland''' 
German ''doof'' means comically stupid (possibly an origin of English "doofus").

Or maybe a version of "Tiefland" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiefland_(opera)], the 1903 Eugen d'Albert opera which was turned into a film directed by Leni Riefenstahl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiefland_(film)]. The latter, which began filming in 1940 and wasn't released until 1954, turned out to be the most expensive b&w film made in Nazi Germany. Additional notoriety for the film comes from Riefenstahl's having used Roma and Stinti extras who were being held in Nazi collection camps, so-called "Zigeunerlager."

'''O Tempora, O Mores''' 
Latin: Oh, the times! Oh, the customs! (Was there really music under this title?)

Famous sentence by Cicero in his First Oration against Catiline, which means Oh the times! Oh the morals! In his opening speech against Catiline, who had previously tried to kill him, Cicero deplores the viciousness and corruption of his age. This sentence is now used as an exclamation to criticize present-day attitudes and trends, often jokingly. So, it is, indeed, an "old favorite"

'''The Black Whale of Askalon''' 
"Im Schwarzen Walfisch zu Askalon," comic song. The "Black Whale" is a tavern in the ancient Persian town of Askalon. [http://www.grainger.de/music/songs/schwarzenwalfisch.html A paraphrase of the lyrics.]

==Page 626==

'''the head of Jochanaan''' 
In Strauss' opera ''Salome'' the title character asks for and receives as tribute John the Baptist's head on a platter. John in the opera is called Jochanaan.

'''Richard Strauss's opera ''Salome'' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Richard Struass]]'s one-act opera ''Salome'' was performed first time in Dresden, Germany, on December 9, 1905. It was a sensation of the year 1905. The opera was based on the French play ''Salomé'' by Oscar Wilde. The time of action: about 30 A.D.; place of action: Jerusalem . . . for the story see [http://www.music.lv/opera/Salome/default_E.htm Salome].

'''the Five Jews''' 
In the middle of the opera ''Salome'' five Jews argued concerning the nature of God.

'''''Judeamus igitur, Judenes dum su-hu-mus''''' 
German university students used to sing ''Gaudeamus igitur, juvenes dum sumus'' ("Then let us be joyful while we are young men"); the melody forms the climax of Brahms' "Academic Festival" overture. Dr. Dingkopf, the Johnny One-Note of anti-Semitism, sings in bastard Latin, "Then let us Jew while we are Jews."

'''Ich Bin Ein Berliner''' 
JFK said "Ich bin ein Berliner" at the Berlin wall in 1963. According to Wikipedia, there is an urban legend: 
<blockquote>Kennedy should have said "Ich bin Berliner" to mean "I am a person from Berlin." By adding the indefinite article ein, his statement implied he was a non-human Berliner, thus "I am a jelly doughnut". The statement was followed by uproarious laughter.</blockquote> 
However, Wikipedia goes on to state: <blockquote>There is no grammatical error in Kennedy's statement; the indefinite article does not change its meaning. In German, the statement of origin "Ich bin ein Brandenburger" (I am a Brandenburger) is more common than "Ich bin Brandenburger" (I am Brandenburger), but both are correct. The article "ein" can be used as a form of emphasis: it implies "just one of many." As Kennedy did stress the "ein", the usage was, according to German linguist Jürgen Eichhoff [1], "not only correct, but the one and only correct way of expressing in German what the President intended to say."</blockquote> 
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:51, 19 December 2006 (PST)

And Kennedy's motto drew tumultuous cheers, not laughter; the Berliners had no trouble understanding what he meant.

Maybe a Simpsons connection as well:[http://www.anvari.org/fortune/Simpsons_Subtle_Allusions/9.html]

'''''Konditerei''''' 
German: pastry shop.

'''''Puderzucker''''' 
German: powdered sugar.

==Page 628==

'''Halfcourt? what kind of a name is that?''' 
This is Dingkopf speaking, in the context of his obsession with Jewish infiltration of British society. "What kind of a name is that?" has the subtext "Is that a ''Jewish'' name?"

'''''Der Wall''''' 
In German there are at least three words for "wall": ''Wand'' (the wall of a room), ''Mauer'' (a masonry wall) and ''Wall'' (a wall of a fortification). The infamous Berlin Wall was ''die Mauer.''

In this case 'der Wall' means the rampart on which the town wall stood. After this was razed in the 18. century a path was made on top of 'der Wall' along which Yashmeen and Kit take their walk.

'''dotted quarter rest''' 
Musical notation: brief pause.

==Page 629==

'''Hainberg''' 
Likely to be the Hainberg-Gymnasium at Göttingen http://hainberg-gymnasium.de/

'''Rheinpfalz''' 
A wine from the Rhine-Palatinate region in western Germany.

'''Deidesheimer...Herrgottsacker...Hofstück''' 
Three different wines.

'''do a bunk''' 
Flee.

==Page 630==

'''a Theosophist''' 
an adherent of theosophy professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation.

'''Sidney Reilly''' 
Sidney Reilly, aka The Ace of Spies--a real early 20th century British--and other--intelligence agent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Reilly].

'''hoosier''' 
Bumpkin; capitalized, it has a different meaning.

'''stans''' 
Countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkestan, etc.). Possible anachronism; term gained currency after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

No anachronism - in many central-asian languages (Pashtu, Dari, Farsi, etc.) '-stan' means 'land of', i.e. Afghanistan = Land of the Afghans, Nuristan = Land of Light, Frankistan = France, Germanistan = Germany, etc.

'''One Savile Row''' 
Seat of the Royal Geographical Society.

'''Kashgar''' 
Now called Kashi, a city in the extreme west of China; at the western end of the Taklimakan desert; a principal town of Chinese Turkestan. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar Kāshi (Kashgar)].

'''Auberon Halfcourt''' 
The name Auberon is derived from Oberon and related to Alberich, the dwarf in Wagner's ''Ring'' cycle. Half-court describes a reduced form of basketball. Another possible allusion (bit of a stretch, perhaps?) is to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberon_Herbert Auberon Herbert,] a British libertarian whom Benjamin Tucker described as "a true anarchist in everything but name."

==Page 631==

'''the recent Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 618|page 618:Anglio-Russian Entente]] of 1907 in which the spheres of influence in inner Asia were divided between Britain and Russia in order to keep Germany out of that region.

'''Baku and Johannesburg''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Johannesburg; Baku]].

'''One vision . . . spiritual, and the other, capitalist.''' 
Competing visions as to the significance of what lies buried beneath the sands in Central Asia. We have already seen a map that reflects [[ATD 243-272#Page 249|dual visions]] of the area. The Great Game competition shaping up in Asia is a continuation of a global 'metaphysical' conflict between materialist and integrationist tendencies.

'''lie doggo''' 
Go underground, maintain a low profile.

==Page 632==

'''Museum der Monstrositäten''' 
German: museum of monstrosities. ''Mathematical'' monstrosities.

'''Professor Klein''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_klein Felix Klein] is best known for his application of group theory (roughly, the theory of symmetry) to geometry called the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlangen_Program Erlangen Program]. Presumably (I've never seen his math models) his collection would contain elegantly beautiful, crystalline forms, in contrast to the Museum der Monstrositäten.

'''motor diligence''' 
Motor taxi, as opposed to horse-drawn.

'''the Brocken''' 
The highest peak (3,750 ft) in the Harz Mountains in Germany. It is about 35 miles northeast of Göttingen. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brocken The Brocken]). 

Appears in ''GR'' where Slothrop and neophyte witch Geli Tripping encounter the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_329-336 Brockengespenst] p. 330. and ....

'''"An older Germany .... Deeper"''' 
Meaning pre-Christian Germany, as referenced earlier in the passage with the description 'witchlike'.

'''weapons somehow ''not yet decipherable''''' 
Rayguns.

'''Sapoleum''' 
''Sapo venetus'' (Venetian soap) or ''sapo hispanicus'' (Hispanic soap). Some kind of soap, obviously.

==Page 633==

'''Knipfel...von Imbiss''' 
Neither one existed. Imbiss is German: snacks, fast food. *** I have a differing opinion: Knipfel is Jim Knipfel. Thomas Pynchon has read Knipfel's memoirs, enjoyed them, and blurbed them.

'''''Weierstrass Functions''''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable]].

'''''Russell's Letter''''' 
Russell's letter of June 16, 1902. (see below "Poor Frege . . .").

'''''the Set of All Sets That Are Not Members of Themselves''''' 
Russell Paradox. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 538|page 538:Bertie Russell]].

'''''parallax effect''''' 
the apparent shift of an object against a background due to a change in observer's position.

'''Poor Frege . . . about to publish his book . . .''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Frege.html Gottlob Frege] (1848-1925) was a German mathematician. He was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic putting forward the view that mathematics is reducible to logic. 
In 1893 Frege published his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 1'' in which he axiomatized arithmetic with an intuitive collection of axioms. While his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 2'' was at the printer, Frege received a letter (June 16, 1902) from Bertrand Russell in which Russell pointed out that the ''Russell Paradox'' gave a contradiction in Frege's system of axioms.

'''''Kot!''''' 
German: shit.

'''Crotona in Magna Grecia''' 
Crotona is the old Latin name of the Italian city [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotone Crotone] in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto. Ancient Crotona was long one of the most flourishing cities of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Graecia Magna Grecia] (Latin for ''Greater Greece''), the area in Southern Italy colonised by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC. Pythagoras went to Crotona at the age of 40 and most of his philosophical activities occurred there.

'''Hilbeert . . . August . . . in 1900 . . . International Congress . . . "Paris Problems" 
Paris Problems = Hilbert's Problems. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 604|page 604:the outstanding problems in mathematics]].

'''''zone of dual nature''''' 
One place that is two places: this peculiar Pynchonian form of bilocation again.

'''part "real"...part "pictorial" or let us say "fictional"''' 
Complex numbers are made up of a real number and an imaginary number (e.g "one plus the square root of negative one"), as AtD is made up of real and imaginary (fictional) parts, the effect of which (continuing into P.635) is described as "taking one beyond four dimensional environs...out into a timeless region..." This seems to be the goal of the protagonists, the author, and the reader.

==Page 634==

'''''Mengenlehre''''' 
German: set theory.

'''one is thrust . . . into a timeless region''' 
Like one of those funhouse rooms where gravity is reversed.

'''ZU DEN QUATERNIONEN''' 
German railway stations all have a big sign: ZU DEN ZÜGEN, to the trains. Here it's to the quaternions.

Not sure about the train connection, it reminded me rather of signs found in zoos or circus sideshows pointing to the major attractions (e.g. "Zu den Löwen" - "[This way] To the lions"). [[User:WolfgangFaber|WolfgangFaber]] 14:35, 11 October 2008 (PDT)

It is puzzling to find Quaternions in the musuem, since they weren't part of the "Crises in Mathematics" at the end of the 19th century. Perhaps Pynchon has placed them here because they were largely superseded by vectors, hence were unloved by most mathematicians, just like the other exhibits. Preterite mathematics.

'''Nernst light''' 
Light from [[ATD_429-459#Page 437|page 437:Nernst Lamp]].

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 561|page 561:Brougham Bridge]].

'''complex knife''' 
"part real and part imaginary", and there is a "real" reproduction nearby. These are ''aides memoires'', inspirations--perhaps the dimensions beyond are literally located in imagination, mental spaces.

'''Sofia Kovalevskaia and . . . Weierstrass''' 
From 1870 Weierstrass was Kovalevskaia's mathematics tutor in Berlin. He gave Kovalevskaia private lessons twice a week for four years. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia]]. 
Here, as on page 500, there is a hint of romantic involvement between the teacher and the student.

'''Lebesgue''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lebesgue.html Henri Lebesgue] (1875-1941) was a French mathematician. He formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and the following year he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral.

Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions based largely on the Riemann method of integration. However, in 1902, Lebesgue extended the concept of the area below a curve to include many ''discontinuous functions'' and thus generalised the notion of the Riemann integral and revolutionised the integral calculus.

'''Lebesgue's notorious "surface devoid of tangent planes"''' 
The usual calculus method for computing the area of a surface requires that [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/TangentToASurface/ tangent planes] to the surface exist at every point. Although smooth surfaces satisfy this requirement, infinitely rough surfaces, such as a "thoroughly crumpled handkerchief" may not. Lebesgue's integration theory can be used in such cases. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_area Wikipedia].

'''. . . everywhere continuous and nowhere differentiable''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable, Weierstrass function]] and [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]].

Poincare - "Yesterday, if a new function was invented it was to serve some practical end; today they are specially invented only to show up the arguments of our fathers, and they will never have any other use" (Collected Works, v.11, p.130)

Hermite - "I recoil with dismay and horror at this lamentable plague of functions which do not have derivatives."

'''"She was always my inspiration, you know."''' 
Michael Naumann, German minister of culture, stated somewhere (I've searched everywhere for the actual article-- the repeated report is everywhere but there's no link to the original source) that he assisted Pynchon in his research of Sofia Kovalesvskaia. Naumann said (apparently) that Pynchon's new book would pivot around Kovalesvskaia. While we've heard her name all over the place, it seems clear that rather than transform a historical figure into a fictional one (ala mssrs Mason & Dixon) Pynchon invented Yashmeen Halfcourt to play that role. The quote here, while a simple statement by Yashmeen, is also a fairly explicit fourth-wall breach. (Considering the last line of this chapter, this whole visit to the Museum der Monstrositäten is a fairly unusual authorial Hitchcockian walk-on for TRP.)

==Page 635==

'''The Kaiser now seeks in Mexico . . . opportunities for mischief toward the U.S.''' 
Now and for years to come: America's entry into World War One was spurred in part by the Kaiser's offer to return part of the Southwest to Mexico.

'''''Rosinenkacker''''' 
German: one who shits raisins. More commonly "Korinthenkacker", insulting term for a very pedantic person.

'''a world line...never travel''' 
A world line is a tensor, a four-dimensional vector through space ''and'' time, therefore a history. Here Gunther is describing the closing off of his future possibilities. In quantum theory observation causes possible states to 'collapse' into one measured state; hence, the past observed from the present is deterministic (it has only one possible state), but the present observed from the past has many possible states until our actions cause it to collapse into one state. Our actions will then be seen to have been inevitable, a world line [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel]. Hence: "Ach, das Schiksal".

'''''Ach, das Schicksal''''' 
German: ah, fate.

'''chloral to coffee''' 
A depressant to a stimulant, antipodal (opposite) effects on neuronal function. 

'''that terrible ecstasy known to result from unmediated observation of the beautiful''' 
Cf. Rilke, First Duino Elegy:
"For beauty is nothing but
the beginning of terror, that we are still able to bear,
and we revere it so, because it calmly disdains
to destroy us. Every Angel is terror." 
Rilke features strongly in V and GR (with Weissmann/Blicero). The idea that 'the sublime' involves an element of terror is fundamental to Romanticism.

May also be an allusion to what is known as "Stendhal Syndrome" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal_syndrome], a psychosomatic illness that causes rapid heartbeat, dizziness, confusion and even hallucinations when an individual is exposed to art, usually when the art is particularly 'beautiful' or a large amount of art is in a single place. The term can also be used to describe a similar reaction to a surfeit of choice in other circumstances, e.g. when confronted with immense beauty in the natural world. It is said that a lot of tourists who visit Florence and Venice experience it.

'''They moved along in regret...departures...from...mathematical study''' 
In 1964 Thomas Pynchon applied to the graduate program of the Mathematics Department of UC Berkeley and was rejected ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon Wikipedia]). He subsequently pursued a career solely as a writer.

==Page 636==

'''Children''' 
The preceding sections are a concise, riotous, poignant summary of life at an institute of higher learning; students and to some extent faculty are, notoriously, children at play. Yashmeen, Kit and Gunther are graduating, without diplomas but going out of the hothouse atmosphere of the University into the "real world". But given the preceding 5 pages, how real is that? 
But this is not so much about the University as about 'the Museum' on the Brocken, and the issue is really who is speaking. Who would feel qualified to call them 'children'? They're in a 'strange, underground temple' and the Brocken is an ancient, magical place. Associated especially with witches and 'the Spectre of the Brocken', an aerial phenomenon that resembles a human figure (actually the shadow of the viewer on the mist).

'''The next time you visit...''' 
The University never looks the same after graduation; also, nothing ever does: Heraclitus' dictum that no man ever steps in the same river twice. Time (''pace'' Proust) cannot be reclaimed (even if you can find the tesseract's entrance again)because even if you go back in time, you are not the same person you were; you have been changed by experience. 
Again, it's 'the Museum' that's closing. This isn't the Museum of Professor Klein at the University, mentioned on p. 632, it's a 'nocturnal equivalent' out on the Brocken.

'''the cornerstone of the building is ... a tesseract''' 
[[Image:tessaract.gif|thumb|3D Projection of a Rotating Tesseract|right]]
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessaract tesseract] is a four dimensional cube. You can construct a cube in 3-space by connecting the corresponding vertices of two identical squares, each in a separate plane. You can construct a tesseract in 4-space by connecting the corresponding vertices of two identical cubes, ''each in its own separate 3-space''. So a tesseract is an embodiment of bilocation. The picture to the right is the perspective projection into 3-space of a tesseract spinning (click the enlarge button) in 4-space. The two cubes are identical, but appear different-sized due to perspective.

Since the building is constructed from tesseracts, fictionally it can exist in different locations and at different times.

'''"You know who I am."''' 
Cf. Leonard Cohen:

"You know who I am, you've stared at the sun.
I am the one who loves changing from nothing to one."

Some sort of god of mathematics, the curator of the museum?
The Spectre of the Brocken (seen by Slothrop and Geli in GR)? Rilke's angel, the terrible ecstasy referred to on p. 635? All three?

Another possibility: the author. After all, the characters are his 'children', his creations. And in a fiction, the author is God. The Museum that he's closing isn't only a museum of mathematics, it's a musuem of ''narratives'' about mathematics.

Bravo! Pynchon is speaking to the reader as well as his characters. He is closing his Museum of Monstrous Mathematical Metaphors for now.

Seems too pat to me. Everything can be metafictional or self-referential medium-is-the-message if you look at it from that perspective. Why not just say it's a disembodied voice that calls to mind a "price check on prune juice"-type intercom or loudspeaker annoucement of closing time. It's from the 4th dimension, after all. Thus part and parcel of the high-tech (even holographic) exhibits on display in this museum (from the future?)

==Page 637==

'''caldo tlapeno''' 
Mexican chicken vegetable soup.

'''Tampico''' 
Tampico means "the place of the otters". As a city, it is Mexico's second most important commercial port along the Gulf of Mexico, is located on the southeastern tip of Tamaulipas. The State of Tamaulipas is on the northeast side of Mexico directly south of Texas; but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampico Tampico] is about 300 miles from the US border.

'''Chiapas''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas Chiapas] is a poor and largely agricultural stat in the southeast of Mexico. It is best known for its 1994 Zapatista movement.

'''"El Atildado"''' 
Spanish: the neat man. But it also suggests "the man marked with a tilde" (see page 600). When reading this passage aloud, think about how to stress the word "also" in "a gift Günther von Quassel had ''also'' been blessed with."

(In mathematical notation, the tilde "~" means "approximately" or "is proportional to," depending on country.)

==Page 638==

'''''Bohnen''''' 
German: beans

'''Maragogype''' 
As Gunther says, a variety of coffee bean, large in size, grown in Mexico and Central America [http://coffeeplus.com.au/coffees/7443.html].

'''Arbuckles''' 
Not only a brand of coffee, but a method of preparation also known as "Cowboy Coffee" similar to Turkish/Greek coffee in one boils the grounds in the water [http://www.ineedcoffee.com/02/04/cowboycoffee/]. Synonymous here with "plain old, unfancified coffee"--perhaps a swipe at 21st century coffee gourmets and at Starbucks. Another paramorphic-mirror image of the early 21st century in the early 20th. 
Cowhands expected their coffee to be ‘brown gargle”, hot, black, strong and thick enough to float a six shooter in. 
It's really, really hard to equate cowboy coffee to Greek coffee. Greek (Turkish, Serbian) coffee is made from beans ground to powder and boiled for a few seconds, usually in sugar syrup. Grounds in the cup are a virtue. Cowboy coffee starts as coarse grounds, which are boiled for several minutes (or, heaven help us, longer) and often "refined" with eggshells, which cause the grounds to settle out.

'''''cafetalero''''' 
Perhaps as in ''pistolero''; i.e. a barrista.

more likely translates as "coffee man"

'''''el otro lado''''' 
Spanish: the other side (in one sense or other).

'''bucket shop''' 
A stock swindle, in which one set of trades is reported to the customer, while the brokerage is really using the money in other, usually riskier trades ("bucketing"). A place where the public could bet on the daily motions of stock prices before 1929 and before the advent of instant stock quotes via the Internet.

Given the year, this may be related to the Panic of 1907. Steve/Ramon bought stocks on margin and when they went south he was slammed.

'''flimming''' 
Probably = indulging in flimflam (fraud, swindles)

'''''norte''''' 
north wind.

'''Plaza de Toros''' 

A bullring.

'''[S]louching away into the yellow opacity, he invited them all up to a wingding [...] that evening.''' 
Compare with T.S. Eliot's ''Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'':

<blockquote>
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes 
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening</blockquote>
[[User:Bean|remy]] 09:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

okay. Compared. One is about London fog being personified as a cat, the other a Mexican businessman riding off into the sunset. No relation unless you figure Eliot has a monoply on the words "yellow" and "evening". There's explcit Eliot references (cf. hanged man, the extra passenger effect inthe Vormance expedition) but this most likely isn't one of them. We all need to lay off the google and the crack here.

==Page 639==

'''Rio Bravo''' 
Mexican name for the river known in the US as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande Rio Grande].

"Not only irises but the entire surface of eyes were black" 
Did TRP just mistake irises for pupils?! Homer nods.

Standard horror movie cliche, though. cf. Black oil in X-files.

'''Ramos gin fizzes''' 
The original [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/ramos-gin-fizz.html Ramos gin fizz] was invented in the 1880s by Henry C. Ramos, in his bar at Meyer's Restaurant, this is one of New Orleans' most famous drinks.

'''jungles of Tehuantepec''' 
Jungles of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec The Isthmus of Tehuantepec] in Mexico. The isthmus represents the shortest distance between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

'''unnatural boom''' 
Another paramorphic mirroring of the 21st/20th centuries; tech stock boom/bust of ~2000.

'''Baku''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Baku]].

'''skeeters''' 
mosquitoes

'''adios ''chingamadre''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, motherfucker.

==Page 640==

'''Valkyrie''' 
In Norse mythology the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie Valkyries] are minor female deities.

'''Mondragón semiautomatics''' 
A self-loading rifle designed and patented by Mexican General Mondragón in 1896 — so it was only 10 years ago. It's magazine capacity was of 8-round or 10-round box, or later 30-round drum (for German service). For a picture of the refined 1908 model and its 1907 patent see [http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl26-e.htm Mondgragón M1908 rifle].

'''Springfield''' 
An American magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle Springfield].

'''Schnecken rigs''' 
A possible anachronism, but it is hard to be sure. The German word ''Schnecken'' in the small-arms context (''Schneckenmagazin'') refers to what's called a "cylindrical magazine" in English. The best-known weapon using this magazine is the Russian PP-19 Bison submachine gun, but the Bison is based in part on Kalashnikov technology and hence could not have been developed until after World War II. [http://88.198.24.206/invisionboard/lofiversion/index.php/t20170.html The definitive online information] on the Bison not only identifies it as using the ''Schneckenmagazin'' but also contains excellent cutaway drawings of the "helical feed" system; use your browser's search function to find the word Bison. [http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg08-e.htm This page] has a photo and specs in English. The Schnecken rig is definitely ''not'' the drum magazine used with the American Thompson submachine gun in the 1920s.

'''anti-Porfiristas''' 
Opponents of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, hence left wing. Eventually, ten years later, to become the Mexican Revolution led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

'''the Pánuco''' 
''Río Pánuco'', a river in Veracruz state, east-central Mexico. It is formed by the junction of the Moctezuma and Tamuín rivers on the San Luis Potosí-Veracruz state line, the Pánuco meanders generally east-northeastward past the town of Pánuco to the Gulf of Mexico about 6 miles below Tampico.

==Page 641==

'''Mondragóns will get you through''' 
Echoes the wonderful 1970s slogan "Dope will get you through times of no money better than money will get you through times of no dope."

'''hidalgo''' 
Coin with a portrait of Miguel Hidalgo (1753 – 1811), hero of the Mexican war of independence against Spain.

'''''este . . . perdón''''' 
this . . . sorry

==Page 642==

'''La Fotinga Huasteca''' 
''Fotinga'' is Spanish: jalopy. ''Huasteca'' is a region of the Sierra Madre Oriental north of San Luis Potosí. A local equivalent to "Tijuana Taxi"?

'''''batería''''' 
Spanish: battery (collection of percussion instruments).

'''[T]hat dirty li'l back-shootin Bob Ford.''' 
Ford shot notorious outlaw Jesse James in the back on April 3, 1882; Ford himself was shotgunned to death in 1892. The event inspired one Billy Gashade to pen the verse that became the popular folk ballad "Jesse James," recorded by Pete Seeger, Bruce Springsteen, and many others. 
[[User:bnilsson|bnilsson]] 01:41, 2 January 2007 (EDT)

'''''resentimientos''''' 
resentments.

'''eight seconds . . . rodeo''' 
A bull rider must stay aboard for eight seconds to score.

'''cerverzas Bohemias''' 
Bohemias (brand) beers, a Mexican beer.

'''Cuervo Extra''' 
Brand of tequila.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Cuervo José Cuervo] is a well-known brand of tequila; the wikipedia does not mention ''Extra'' but ''Especial''.

==Page 643==

'''''frontera''''' 
Spanish: frontier.

'''drygulched''' 
Ambushed, betrayed.

'''Krag-Jorgensens''' 
Repeating-bolt-action rifles designed by the Norwegians Ole Krag and Erik Jorgensen in late 19th century (1886). From 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krag-J%C3%B8rgensen Krag-Jorgensens] were used by the United States army as standard arms. And now it is a popular collector item.

'''Juárez''' 
''Ciudad Juárez'', or simply ''Juárez'', is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It stands on the Rio Grande across the border from El Paso, Texas. [http://www.juarez-mexico.com/ Juárez] is the major port of entry and transportation center of north central Mexico.

'''''Vaya con Dios, pendejo''''' 
Spanish: Go with God, asshole.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 615-643

2010-09-03T02:22:41Z

Bangorang: /* Page 638 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 615==

'''''Kreditbrief''''' 
German: letter of credit.

==Page 616==

'''Auditorienhaus''' 
Building housing auditoriums (and in this case a library).

'''Riemann's ''Habilitationsschrift''''' 
In Germany a new faculty member presents a lecture or, in this case, a thesis on taking up office. 
Riemann's lecture, ''On the Hypotheses that Lie at the Foundation of Geometry'', delivered on June 10, 1854. It became a classic of mathematics.

In particular, it provided the mathematical concepts used later by Einstein to formulate his General Theory of Relativity, in which our actual physical space and time are seen to be curved by the action of gravity. Riemann's modern reputation as a "prophetic physicist" thus rests on this lecture. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann Wikipedia]

The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation Habilitation] is actually a formal process for giving a person the right to teach university courses independently (i.e. without a formal assignment) and supervise doctoral candidates. This right is usually referred to as venia docendi or venia legendi in Germany. The process consists of delivering a thesis (Habilitationsschrift) and giving a lecture.

'''the 1859 paper on primes''' 
In August 1859 Riemann presented a paper, ''On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity'', to the Berlin Academy of Science. In the middle of that paper he made what later was called the ''Riemann Hypothesis'' (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:conjecture]]). Today, after nearly 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, it remains unproved.

'''''Achphänomen''''' 
German: the "aha" phenomenon.

'''''Tchetvyortoye Izmereniye''''' 
Today more likely transliterated ''Chetvertoe izmerenie.'' Russian: (the) fourth dimension.

'''''"Yob tvoyu mat'"''''' 
Russian: Fuck your mother. It's as impolite as it looks, but used way more often than in English.

'''Otzovists''' 
A splinter Bolshevik faction. The name comes from the noun ''otzyv'' meaning "recall"; it does not mean "god-builders." The group (existing under this name only in 1908-9) demanded the recall of Social Democrats from the national legislature.

'''Lenin''' 
[http://www.bartleby.com/65/le/Lenin-Vl.html Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov aka Lenin] (1870-1924), Russian revolutionary and founder of Bolshevism and the major force behind the October Revolution, 1917. He studied law at Kazan University but only practiced law for a couple of years before becoming a professional revolutionary. He was arrested in 1895 for his opinions and activities, and was exiled to Siberia in 1897 for three years. At the end of his exile he went to Switzerland in 1900 and became the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1903, and returned to Russia in 1905 during the 1905 Revolution. He left Russia in 1907 and only returned in April, 1917 with Germany's connivance. Lenin inaugurated the ''dictatorship of the proletariat'' after the October Revolution. He died on January 21, 1924 and became the demi-god of the Soviet Union. According to ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'' (1988) Lenin was "shrewd, dynamic, im[placable, pedantic, opportunist, as ice-cold in his economic reasoning as in his impersonal political hatreds that could encompass millions. . . . He inspired in the name of democracy a despotism boundless in the power of its ambition and sense of destiny.''

'''Bolshevists''' 
Commonly called ''Bolsheviks''. At the Second Congress of the Russia's Social Democratic Labor Party in August, 1903 there was a dispute between Lenin and Martov, two of the party's leaders. Lenin argued for a small party of highly disciplined, centralized and dedicated professional revolutionary elites with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters. Martov disagreed believing it was better to have a mass party of activists. At the end of the debate Lenin won a narrow victory: 28 to 23 (the only time in the party history up to then Lenin had a majority behind him). From then on, the Party was split into Lenin's faction called themselves ''Bolsheviks'' (majority) and Martov's faction known as ''Mensheviks'' (minority). The split became permanent as both groups' policy and practice diverged more and more. In 1912, Lenin's Bolsheviks faction formed a separate Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) which in 1918, after they came to power, changed its name to All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). It finally became Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1952 which was dissolved in 1991.

'''anti-Materialist''' 
Marxism belongs to the materialist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism] strain of the Western philosophical tradition, stating that the only objective reality is matter. The orthodox Marxist doctrine is divided into historical materialism (which claims that changes of society and even the non-material "superstructure" are determined by economical processes, and thus materially caused); and dialectical materialism, proposed by Engels and then Lenin, which is basically a philosophy of nature combined with a rather crude gnoseology. The latter maintains that matter is the only substance and it is inherently and objectively dialectical in nature, i.e. it is in constant development due to the interactions of conflicting forces on all levels. An anti-Materialist (like Mach, who was denounced as a "subjective Idealist") is one who is against such belief.

'''Mach''' 
Austrian physicist and philosopher. A strong critic of Newtonian absolute time and absolute space. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:Ernst Mach]] (1838-1916). He was the target of Lenin's attack in his best-known attempt to create a Marxist philosophy (in the technical sense), ''Materialism and Empiriocriticism''.

'''Ouspensky''' 
Russian mystic and author of ''The Fourth Dimension''. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 602|page 602:Young Ouspensky]] (1878-1947).

==Page 617==

'''above this galley-slave repetition of days''' 
ATD motif i.e. rebel against the quotidian day.

'''the already seen''' 
. . . which we know better under the French term ''déjà vu.''

'''Staring at the wallpaper.''' 
A parallel to Kovalevskaya, whose father used Ostrogradsky notes to cover
the walls. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaia wiki].

'''I couldn't get away with only one plane...''' [[Image:Riemann_surface.jpg|thumb|Riemann surface of the log function|right]]
Yashmeen was trying to visualize the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_surface Riemann surface] of a complex function, which details how the function transforms its 2D input (i.e. argument) to its 2D output (i.e. function). Presumably, reading Riemann's geometric works (Cf previous page) would help her understand how to correctly do this.

'''''i, j,'' and ''k'', the unit vectors''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526:Gibbsian Vectors]].

==Page 618==

'''''Schnitte''''' 
Plural of ''Schnitt.'' German: cuts.

'''cuts ... sheets''' 
Referring to the picture on the right, the horizontal planes are called "sheets". The transitions are called "cuts". This is because the picture can be constructed by taking multiple planes, cutting them, and then glueing the edges of the cuts to connect the planes.

Also consider cuts in films as viewed by a film editor (God?). What appear to the viewer as scene changes in time appear to the editor as segments of film glued together in space.

'''multiply-connected spaces''' 
In topology, geometrical objects or spaces that are connected but '''not''' simply connected are called multiply-connected spaces. 
A geometrical object or space is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply-connected simply connected] if it consists of one piece and doesn't have any "holes" that pass all the way through it. For example, balls and planes are simply connected since they have no holes. Neither a donut nor a coffee cup with handle is simply connected, and so both are [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MultiplyConnected.html multiply connected]. 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply_connected Also see Wikipedia] for a fine, relatively nontechnical explanation. 
Sea-ice and Venice were described as multiply connected spaces on [[ATD_119-148#Page_136|p. 136.]]

''''vector space'''' 
In mathematics, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space vector space] is a collection of objects, vectors, that may be scaled and added.

'''That's when it really...''' 
A Riemann surface (e.g. the picture to the right on the previous page) is a 2D [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemannian_manifold Riemannian manifold]. In a 3D [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemannian_manifold Riemannian manifold] (what Yashmeen saw), the multiple connected 2D planes are replaced with multiple 3D spaces. One can sympathize with her discomfort.

'''space of higher dimensionality''' 
Hypersphere. A four-dimensional hypersphere is currently considered the possible shape of our universe. (A 4-D hypersphere is to a 3-D sphere, what a 3-D sphere is to a circle.) In mathematics, [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hypersphere.html Hypersphere] can be n-dimensional with n = 4 and greater. Also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersphere Hypersphere of Wiki Entry].

Cf Riemann's Habilitationsschrift on [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|p. 616]]

'''''nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing, "it doesn't matter".

'''if it doesn't work with gold, the next step will be lead''' 
Cowboy alchemy. If you can't settle your dispute with money, you will have to shoot it out. There's a reference to this process on page 105.

'''it's this damned English practice of talking in code''' 
Refers to commonly noted English cultural tendency to avoid direct expression in conversation.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
The Britain and Russia settled a number of differences in Asia. And with both countries concerned about Germany but friendly with France they concluded the Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg. It defined their respective spheres of interest in Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet, with Russia taking the northern areas of Persia and Britain taking the Persian Gulf area in the south. Its primary aim was to keep Germany out of that region.

==Page 619==

'''''Bierstube''''' 
German: tavern, beer hall.

==Page 620==

'''''akousmaton''''' 
In ''AtD'' the plural ''akousmata'' occurs more often. [[A|Look it up in the alphabetical "A" page.]]

'''eidolon''' 
From Greek: image, picture.

'''minié ball''' 
Rifle bullet with a conical head used in muzzle-loading firearms. [[ATD_97-118#Page_101|See the fuller annotation on p. 101.]]

'''Zirconium''' 
A steel-gray hard ductile metallic element with a high melting point that occurs widely in combined form, is highly resistant to corrosion, and is used especially in alloys and in refractories and ceramics. 
Zirconium is often confused with ''zircon'' and even more often with ''zirconia.'' Zircon is a gemstone consisting chiefly of zirconium silicate. Zirconia is the oxide of zirconium. "Cubic zirconia" became a popular surrogate gem a couple of decades ago.

'''galena''' 
a bluish-gray cubic mineral with metallic luster consisting of lead sulfide and constituting the principal ore of lead.

==Page 621==

'''Reckon ''yo tengo que'' get ''el'' fuck out of ''aquí''''' 
Macaronic Spanish/English: Reckon I'd better get the fuck out of here. 
Kit said the same thing when he decided to leave Yale (page 318).

'''''Zum Mickifest! Komm, komm!''''' 
German: To the Mickey party, come, come! "Mickey Finn" = knockout drops such as chloral hydrate (see any film noir).

'''''K.O.-Tropfen''''' 
German: K.O. (= knockout) drops.

==Page 622==

'''Group-theoretical implications''' 
Introductions to group theory often use "symmetry under rotation" as an illustration. You can rotate a square 90 degrees and get the same square, and likewise 180 and 270 degrees, so the square has fourfold symmetry. Here Gottlob applies a similar concept to the printed words ''pun'' and ''und,'' which alternate with every 180 degree rotation.

'''rhonchus''' 
a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partly obstructed.

'''''Gottlob! Wo ist deine Spritze?''''' 
German: Gottlob, where is your syringe?

'''''"Streng reserviert für den Elefanten!"''''' 
German: Strictly reserved for the elephant (not elephants).

==Page 623==

'''strychnine''' 
a bitter poisonous alkaloid that is obtained from ''nux vomica'' and related plants, and is used as a poison (as for rodents) and medicinally as a stimulant of the central nervous system.

'''Noncommutative . . . Asymmetric''' 
A relation like "cures" is ''commutative'' if "A cures B" implies that "B cures A" and vice versa. Here the situation is fuzzier because a total cure is not at issue: "Chloral alleviates the effects of strychnine" and "Strychnine alleviates the effects of chloral" are both true, so ''noncommutative'' doesn't quite apply, but one is more true than the other, so ''asymmetric'' is a better choice of word.

'''''Verfluchte cowboy!''''' 
German: Damn cowboy! (should be ''Verfluchter Cowboy'')

'''''Achtung, Schwester!''''' 
German: Hey, Nurse!

'''''Klapsmühle''''' 
German: nut factory. (''Er hat einen Klaps'' means "He's nutty"; ''Mühle'' is a mill.)

'''one of his canonical outfits''' 
"Canonicals" is a term for priestly vestments. 
But also, in the psychology of perception, means 'typical' or 'most easily recognised as'

'''Dr. Willi Dingkopf''' 
German: Thinghead. Possibly, given other meanings of "thing", Dickhead.

==Page 624==

'''''Kit: '...You just hit me with, with that stick?'''''' 
This scene was revealed earlier in the book on page 596:
"This is the world, Kit reflected, a couple nights later, around 3 A.M., as an extra smack of the bamboo stick, She is the world."

'''''Hebraic''''' 
Jewish.

'''you are not ''also Hebraic''''' 
Anti-Semitic Dingkopf considered Kit Jewish by his name ''Traverse''.

'''Jew Cantor, the ''Beast of Halle'', . . . to demolish the very foundations of mathematics''' 
Greg Cantor (1845-1918) taught mathematics at University of Halle from 1869-1918. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 593|page 593:Greg Cantor]]). He introduced the concepts of infinity and continuum into mathematics and thus brought about one of mathematical crises mentioned on page 594. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]]). 
Dingkopf regarded Greg Cantor Jewish by his name ''Cantor''.

==Page 625==

'''"Cantor is a practicing Lutheran." "With a name like that? Please." 
Dingkopf hears the name and obsessively thinks of the many Polish Jewish families that bear it. But the connection is not as strong as he surmises: The church of St. Thomas (Thomaskirche) in Leipzig had a staff member called Cantor or Kantor, and noted practicing Lutheran Johann Sebastian Bach held the position in his prime years. Cantor/Lutheran is not an absurdity.

''Cantor'' just means ''singer'' in Latin, and it has been used for persons who have a singing part in both Jewish and Christian (and possibly other) rites.

'''"Dr Hilbert . . ." "Dr. . . . ''David'' Hilbert"''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page324:David Hilbet]] (1862-1943), a German mathematician. Again, Dingkopf regarded him as Jewish because of his name, ''David''.

'''''Kolonie''''' 
German: colony, compound.

'''Invisibilism''' 
The principles of this (apparently) fictional school of design bring to mind Buckminster Fuller's concept of '''ephemeralization''', which notes that as design and technology improve -- "the more ''rationally'' a structure was designed" -- the more that can be done with less, process waste converges toward zero and things become physically smaller, "less visible...to the point" -- the "Penultimate Term" -- of being all but invisible. A simple example, the telephone cord is quickly disappearing as we go to cordless phones, and transistors "grow" smaller and smaller as a corollary to Moore's law. The principle of ephemeralization can be applied to design, construction, transportation, computer and other technologies and tools.

'''into its own metastructure''' 
A German SAP engineer once explained "we control complexity through abstraction."

'''one is left with only traces in the world, a few tangles of barbed wire''' 
The Invisibilist principles are paramorphosized into a future of kolonies where only the barbed wire outlines are visible. Within the context of antisemitism in the preceding paragraphs, the text is moving from kolonies to concentration camps, concentration camps empty perhaps except for the traces of consciousness remaining, outlined in barbed wire, the plan-view of, not the Penultimate Term, but the Final Solution.

'''certain odors''' 
cf. p. 408
This has less to do with Proust and involutary memory than with "perhaps certain ''odors''[Italicized in the original] steming from a few tangles of barbed wire upwind, a wind "which itself possesses now the same index of refracton as the departed Structure..." As is explained to Kit by someone in a guard's uniform who may not actually be a guard. That certain odor seems to be the odor of smoke from the ovens.

'''refraction index''' 
Among other things a refraction index can be used to measure concentration (camps) and confirm purity (ethnic).

'''someone . . . whom Kit . . . assumed was a guard''' 
Error in grammar by Pynchon or, more charitably, introduced by a copy editor. Punctuating as ''someone who/whom (Kit assumed) was a guard'' makes the choice of pronoun clearer. Alternatively: did Kit assume someone? No, he assumed a proposition about someone: ''someone was a guard.'' When the subject of that is transformed to "who/whom" for the purpose of linking it into the sentence, it remains the subject: ''who was a guard.'' 
A quibble over a fine point? Yes, but Pynchon is renowned for his fine points, and this mistake seems to put him on a level with a news intern at a third-tier TV station. So let's consider this a teaching moment: ''Copy editors, don't impose your ignorance on good writers.''

'''''So Gut Wie Neu''''' 
German: as good as new.

'''Dirigible Field''' 
The inmates' occupational therapy is a disguise for constructing this landing facility.

'''a real Dirigible''' 
The inmates have established a cargo cult [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult Wikipedia article] or a [http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/ufos.html UFO cult.]
:Sounds like an echo and/or parody of the "He Who Must Come" material on page 543. Both are in close proximity to the name Richard Strauss.

'''Doofland''' 
German ''doof'' means comically stupid (possibly an origin of English "doofus").

Or maybe a version of "Tiefland" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiefland_(opera)], the 1903 Eugen d'Albert opera which was turned into a film directed by Leni Riefenstahl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiefland_(film)]. The latter, which began filming in 1940 and wasn't released until 1954, turned out to be the most expensive b&w film made in Nazi Germany. Additional notoriety for the film comes from Riefenstahl's having used Roma and Stinti extras who were being held in Nazi collection camps, so-called "Zigeunerlager."

'''O Tempora, O Mores''' 
Latin: Oh, the times! Oh, the customs! (Was there really music under this title?)

Famous sentence by Cicero in his First Oration against Catiline, which means Oh the times! Oh the morals! In his opening speech against Catiline, who had previously tried to kill him, Cicero deplores the viciousness and corruption of his age. This sentence is now used as an exclamation to criticize present-day attitudes and trends, often jokingly. So, it is, indeed, an "old favorite"

'''The Black Whale of Askalon''' 
"Im Schwarzen Walfisch zu Askalon," comic song. The "Black Whale" is a tavern in the ancient Persian town of Askalon. [http://www.grainger.de/music/songs/schwarzenwalfisch.html A paraphrase of the lyrics.]

==Page 626==

'''the head of Jochanaan''' 
In Strauss' opera ''Salome'' the title character asks for and receives as tribute John the Baptist's head on a platter. John in the opera is called Jochanaan.

'''Richard Strauss's opera ''Salome'' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Richard Struass]]'s one-act opera ''Salome'' was performed first time in Dresden, Germany, on December 9, 1905. It was a sensation of the year 1905. The opera was based on the French play ''Salomé'' by Oscar Wilde. The time of action: about 30 A.D.; place of action: Jerusalem . . . for the story see [http://www.music.lv/opera/Salome/default_E.htm Salome].

'''the Five Jews''' 
In the middle of the opera ''Salome'' five Jews argued concerning the nature of God.

'''''Judeamus igitur, Judenes dum su-hu-mus''''' 
German university students used to sing ''Gaudeamus igitur, juvenes dum sumus'' ("Then let us be joyful while we are young men"); the melody forms the climax of Brahms' "Academic Festival" overture. Dr. Dingkopf, the Johnny One-Note of anti-Semitism, sings in bastard Latin, "Then let us Jew while we are Jews."

'''Ich Bin Ein Berliner''' 
JFK said "Ich bin ein Berliner" at the Berlin wall in 1963. According to Wikipedia, there is an urban legend: 
<blockquote>Kennedy should have said "Ich bin Berliner" to mean "I am a person from Berlin." By adding the indefinite article ein, his statement implied he was a non-human Berliner, thus "I am a jelly doughnut". The statement was followed by uproarious laughter.</blockquote> 
However, Wikipedia goes on to state: <blockquote>There is no grammatical error in Kennedy's statement; the indefinite article does not change its meaning. In German, the statement of origin "Ich bin ein Brandenburger" (I am a Brandenburger) is more common than "Ich bin Brandenburger" (I am Brandenburger), but both are correct. The article "ein" can be used as a form of emphasis: it implies "just one of many." As Kennedy did stress the "ein", the usage was, according to German linguist Jürgen Eichhoff [1], "not only correct, but the one and only correct way of expressing in German what the President intended to say."</blockquote> 
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:51, 19 December 2006 (PST)

And Kennedy's motto drew tumultuous cheers, not laughter; the Berliners had no trouble understanding what he meant.

Maybe a Simpsons connection as well:[http://www.anvari.org/fortune/Simpsons_Subtle_Allusions/9.html]

'''''Konditerei''''' 
German: pastry shop.

'''''Puderzucker''''' 
German: powdered sugar.

==Page 628==

'''Halfcourt? what kind of a name is that?''' 
This is Dingkopf speaking, in the context of his obsession with Jewish infiltration of British society. "What kind of a name is that?" has the subtext "Is that a ''Jewish'' name?"

'''''Der Wall''''' 
In German there are at least three words for "wall": ''Wand'' (the wall of a room), ''Mauer'' (a masonry wall) and ''Wall'' (a wall of a fortification). The infamous Berlin Wall was ''die Mauer.''

In this case 'der Wall' means the rampart on which the town wall stood. After this was razed in the 18. century a path was made on top of 'der Wall' along which Yashmeen and Kit take their walk.

'''dotted quarter rest''' 
Musical notation: brief pause.

==Page 629==

'''Hainberg''' 
Likely to be the Hainberg-Gymnasium at Göttingen http://hainberg-gymnasium.de/

'''Rheinpfalz''' 
A wine from the Rhine-Palatinate region in western Germany.

'''Deidesheimer...Herrgottsacker...Hofstück''' 
Three different wines.

'''do a bunk''' 
Flee.

==Page 630==

'''a Theosophist''' 
an adherent of theosophy professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation.

'''Sidney Reilly''' 
Sidney Reilly, aka The Ace of Spies--a real early 20th century British--and other--intelligence agent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Reilly].

'''hoosier''' 
Bumpkin; capitalized, it has a different meaning.

'''stans''' 
Countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkestan, etc.). Possible anachronism; term gained currency after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

No anachronism - in many central-asian languages (Pashtu, Dari, Farsi, etc.) '-stan' means 'land of', i.e. Afghanistan = Land of the Afghans, Nuristan = Land of Light, Frankistan = France, Germanistan = Germany, etc.

'''One Savile Row''' 
Seat of the Royal Geographical Society.

'''Kashgar''' 
Now called Kashi, a city in the extreme west of China; at the western end of the Taklimakan desert; a principal town of Chinese Turkestan. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar Kāshi (Kashgar)].

'''Auberon Halfcourt''' 
The name Auberon is derived from Oberon and related to Alberich, the dwarf in Wagner's ''Ring'' cycle. Half-court describes a reduced form of basketball. Another possible allusion (bit of a stretch, perhaps?) is to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberon_Herbert Auberon Herbert,] a British libertarian whom Benjamin Tucker described as "a true anarchist in everything but name."

==Page 631==

'''the recent Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 618|page 618:Anglio-Russian Entente]] of 1907 in which the spheres of influence in inner Asia were divided between Britain and Russia in order to keep Germany out of that region.

'''Baku and Johannesburg''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Johannesburg; Baku]].

'''One vision . . . spiritual, and the other, capitalist.''' 
Competing visions as to the significance of what lies buried beneath the sands in Central Asia. We have already seen a map that reflects [[ATD 243-272#Page 249|dual visions]] of the area. The Great Game competition shaping up in Asia is a continuation of a global 'metaphysical' conflict between materialist and integrationist tendencies.

'''lie doggo''' 
Go underground, maintain a low profile.

==Page 632==

'''Museum der Monstrositäten''' 
German: museum of monstrosities. ''Mathematical'' monstrosities.

'''Professor Klein''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_klein Felix Klein] is best known for his application of group theory (roughly, the theory of symmetry) to geometry called the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlangen_Program Erlangen Program]. Presumably (I've never seen his math models) his collection would contain elegantly beautiful, crystalline forms, in contrast to the Museum der Monstrositäten.

'''motor diligence''' 
Motor taxi, as opposed to horse-drawn.

'''the Brocken''' 
The highest peak (3,750 ft) in the Harz Mountains in Germany. It is about 35 miles northeast of Göttingen. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brocken The Brocken]). 

Appears in ''GR'' where Slothrop and neophyte witch Geli Tripping encounter the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_329-336 Brockengespenst] p. 330. and ....

'''"An older Germany .... Deeper"''' 
Meaning pre-Christian Germany, as referenced earlier in the passage with the description 'witchlike'.

'''weapons somehow ''not yet decipherable''''' 
Rayguns.

'''Sapoleum''' 
''Sapo venetus'' (Venetian soap) or ''sapo hispanicus'' (Hispanic soap). Some kind of soap, obviously.

==Page 633==

'''Knipfel...von Imbiss''' 
Neither one existed. Imbiss is German: snacks, fast food. *** I have a differing opinion: Knipfel is Jim Knipfel. Thomas Pynchon has read Knipfel's memoirs, enjoyed them, and blurbed them.

'''''Weierstrass Functions''''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable]].

'''''Russell's Letter''''' 
Russell's letter of June 16, 1902. (see below "Poor Frege . . .").

'''''the Set of All Sets That Are Not Members of Themselves''''' 
Russell Paradox. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 538|page 538:Bertie Russell]].

'''''parallax effect''''' 
the apparent shift of an object against a background due to a change in observer's position.

'''Poor Frege . . . about to publish his book . . .''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Frege.html Gottlob Frege] (1848-1925) was a German mathematician. He was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic putting forward the view that mathematics is reducible to logic. 
In 1893 Frege published his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 1'' in which he axiomatized arithmetic with an intuitive collection of axioms. While his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 2'' was at the printer, Frege received a letter (June 16, 1902) from Bertrand Russell in which Russell pointed out that the ''Russell Paradox'' gave a contradiction in Frege's system of axioms.

'''''Kot!''''' 
German: shit.

'''Crotona in Magna Grecia''' 
Crotona is the old Latin name of the Italian city [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotone Crotone] in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto. Ancient Crotona was long one of the most flourishing cities of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Graecia Magna Grecia] (Latin for ''Greater Greece''), the area in Southern Italy colonised by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC. Pythagoras went to Crotona at the age of 40 and most of his philosophical activities occurred there.

'''Hilbeert . . . August . . . in 1900 . . . International Congress . . . "Paris Problems" 
Paris Problems = Hilbert's Problems. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 604|page 604:the outstanding problems in mathematics]].

'''''zone of dual nature''''' 
One place that is two places: this peculiar Pynchonian form of bilocation again.

'''part "real"...part "pictorial" or let us say "fictional"''' 
Complex numbers are made up of a real number and an imaginary number (e.g "one plus the square root of negative one"), as AtD is made up of real and imaginary (fictional) parts, the effect of which (continuing into P.635) is described as "taking one beyond four dimensional environs...out into a timeless region..." This seems to be the goal of the protagonists, the author, and the reader.

==Page 634==

'''''Mengenlehre''''' 
German: set theory.

'''one is thrust . . . into a timeless region''' 
Like one of those funhouse rooms where gravity is reversed.

'''ZU DEN QUATERNIONEN''' 
German railway stations all have a big sign: ZU DEN ZÜGEN, to the trains. Here it's to the quaternions.

Not sure about the train connection, it reminded me rather of signs found in zoos or circus sideshows pointing to the major attractions (e.g. "Zu den Löwen" - "[This way] To the lions"). [[User:WolfgangFaber|WolfgangFaber]] 14:35, 11 October 2008 (PDT)

It is puzzling to find Quaternions in the musuem, since they weren't part of the "Crises in Mathematics" at the end of the 19th century. Perhaps Pynchon has placed them here because they were largely superseded by vectors, hence were unloved by most mathematicians, just like the other exhibits. Preterite mathematics.

'''Nernst light''' 
Light from [[ATD_429-459#Page 437|page 437:Nernst Lamp]].

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 561|page 561:Brougham Bridge]].

'''complex knife''' 
"part real and part imaginary", and there is a "real" reproduction nearby. These are ''aides memoires'', inspirations--perhaps the dimensions beyond are literally located in imagination, mental spaces.

'''Sofia Kovalevskaia and . . . Weierstrass''' 
From 1870 Weierstrass was Kovalevskaia's mathematics tutor in Berlin. He gave Kovalevskaia private lessons twice a week for four years. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia]]. 
Here, as on page 500, there is a hint of romantic involvement between the teacher and the student.

'''Lebesgue''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lebesgue.html Henri Lebesgue] (1875-1941) was a French mathematician. He formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and the following year he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral.

Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions based largely on the Riemann method of integration. However, in 1902, Lebesgue extended the concept of the area below a curve to include many ''discontinuous functions'' and thus generalised the notion of the Riemann integral and revolutionised the integral calculus.

'''Lebesgue's notorious "surface devoid of tangent planes"''' 
The usual calculus method for computing the area of a surface requires that [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/TangentToASurface/ tangent planes] to the surface exist at every point. Although smooth surfaces satisfy this requirement, infinitely rough surfaces, such as a "thoroughly crumpled handkerchief" may not. Lebesgue's integration theory can be used in such cases. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_area Wikipedia].

'''. . . everywhere continuous and nowhere differentiable''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable, Weierstrass function]] and [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]].

Poincare - "Yesterday, if a new function was invented it was to serve some practical end; today they are specially invented only to show up the arguments of our fathers, and they will never have any other use" (Collected Works, v.11, p.130)

Hermite - "I recoil with dismay and horror at this lamentable plague of functions which do not have derivatives."

'''"She was always my inspiration, you know."''' 
Michael Naumann, German minister of culture, stated somewhere (I've searched everywhere for the actual article-- the repeated report is everywhere but there's no link to the original source) that he assisted Pynchon in his research of Sofia Kovalesvskaia. Naumann said (apparently) that Pynchon's new book would pivot around Kovalesvskaia. While we've heard her name all over the place, it seems clear that rather than transform a historical figure into a fictional one (ala mssrs Mason & Dixon) Pynchon invented Yashmeen Halfcourt to play that role. The quote here, while a simple statement by Yashmeen, is also a fairly explicit fourth-wall breach. (Considering the last line of this chapter, this whole visit to the Museum der Monstrositäten is a fairly unusual authorial Hitchcockian walk-on for TRP.)

==Page 635==

'''The Kaiser now seeks in Mexico . . . opportunities for mischief toward the U.S.''' 
Now and for years to come: America's entry into World War One was spurred in part by the Kaiser's offer to return part of the Southwest to Mexico.

'''''Rosinenkacker''''' 
German: one who shits raisins. More commonly "Korinthenkacker", insulting term for a very pedantic person.

'''a world line...never travel''' 
A world line is a tensor, a four-dimensional vector through space ''and'' time, therefore a history. Here Gunther is describing the closing off of his future possibilities. In quantum theory observation causes possible states to 'collapse' into one measured state; hence, the past observed from the present is deterministic (it has only one possible state), but the present observed from the past has many possible states until our actions cause it to collapse into one state. Our actions will then be seen to have been inevitable, a world line [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel]. Hence: "Ach, das Schiksal".

'''''Ach, das Schicksal''''' 
German: ah, fate.

'''chloral to coffee''' 
A depressant to a stimulant, antipodal (opposite) effects on neuronal function. 

'''that terrible ecstasy known to result from unmediated observation of the beautiful''' 
Cf. Rilke, First Duino Elegy:
"For beauty is nothing but
the beginning of terror, that we are still able to bear,
and we revere it so, because it calmly disdains
to destroy us. Every Angel is terror." 
Rilke features strongly in V and GR (with Weissmann/Blicero). The idea that 'the sublime' involves an element of terror is fundamental to Romanticism.

May also be an allusion to what is known as "Stendhal Syndrome" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal_syndrome], a psychosomatic illness that causes rapid heartbeat, dizziness, confusion and even hallucinations when an individual is exposed to art, usually when the art is particularly 'beautiful' or a large amount of art is in a single place. The term can also be used to describe a similar reaction to a surfeit of choice in other circumstances, e.g. when confronted with immense beauty in the natural world. It is said that a lot of tourists who visit Florence and Venice experience it.

'''They moved along in regret...departures...from...mathematical study''' 
In 1964 Thomas Pynchon applied to the graduate program of the Mathematics Department of UC Berkeley and was rejected ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon Wikipedia]). He subsequently pursued a career solely as a writer.

==Page 636==

'''Children''' 
The preceding sections are a concise, riotous, poignant summary of life at an institute of higher learning; students and to some extent faculty are, notoriously, children at play. Yashmeen, Kit and Gunther are graduating, without diplomas but going out of the hothouse atmosphere of the University into the "real world". But given the preceding 5 pages, how real is that? 
But this is not so much about the University as about 'the Museum' on the Brocken, and the issue is really who is speaking. Who would feel qualified to call them 'children'? They're in a 'strange, underground temple' and the Brocken is an ancient, magical place. Associated especially with witches and 'the Spectre of the Brocken', an aerial phenomenon that resembles a human figure (actually the shadow of the viewer on the mist).

'''The next time you visit...''' 
The University never looks the same after graduation; also, nothing ever does: Heraclitus' dictum that no man ever steps in the same river twice. Time (''pace'' Proust) cannot be reclaimed (even if you can find the tesseract's entrance again)because even if you go back in time, you are not the same person you were; you have been changed by experience. 
Again, it's 'the Museum' that's closing. This isn't the Museum of Professor Klein at the University, mentioned on p. 632, it's a 'nocturnal equivalent' out on the Brocken.

'''the cornerstone of the building is ... a tesseract''' 
[[Image:tessaract.gif|thumb|3D Projection of a Rotating Tesseract|right]]
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessaract tesseract] is a four dimensional cube. You can construct a cube in 3-space by connecting the corresponding vertices of two identical squares, each in a separate plane. You can construct a tesseract in 4-space by connecting the corresponding vertices of two identical cubes, ''each in its own separate 3-space''. So a tesseract is an embodiment of bilocation. The picture to the right is the perspective projection into 3-space of a tesseract spinning (click the enlarge button) in 4-space. The two cubes are identical, but appear different-sized due to perspective.

Since the building is constructed from tesseracts, fictionally it can exist in different locations and at different times.

'''"You know who I am."''' 
Cf. Leonard Cohen:

"You know who I am, you've stared at the sun.
I am the one who loves changing from nothing to one."

Some sort of god of mathematics, the curator of the museum?
The Spectre of the Brocken (seen by Slothrop and Geli in GR)? Rilke's angel, the terrible ecstasy referred to on p. 635? All three?

Another possibility: the author. After all, the characters are his 'children', his creations. And in a fiction, the author is God. The Museum that he's closing isn't only a museum of mathematics, it's a musuem of ''narratives'' about mathematics.

Bravo! Pynchon is speaking to the reader as well as his characters. He is closing his Museum of Monstrous Mathematical Metaphors for now.

Seems too pat to me. Everything can be metafictional or self-referential medium-is-the-message if you look at it from that perspective. Why not just say it's a disembodied voice that calls to mind a "price check on prune juice"-type intercom or loudspeaker annoucement of closing time. It's from the 4th dimension, after all. Thus part and parcel of the high-tech (even holographic) exhibits on display in this museum (from the future?)

==Page 637==

'''caldo tlapeno''' 
Mexican chicken vegetable soup.

'''Tampico''' 
Tampico means "the place of the otters". As a city, it is Mexico's second most important commercial port along the Gulf of Mexico, is located on the southeastern tip of Tamaulipas. The State of Tamaulipas is on the northeast side of Mexico directly south of Texas; but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampico Tampico] is about 300 miles from the US border.

'''Chiapas''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas Chiapas] is a poor and largely agricultural stat in the southeast of Mexico. It is best known for its 1994 Zapatista movement.

'''"El Atildado"''' 
Spanish: the neat man. But it also suggests "the man marked with a tilde" (see page 600). When reading this passage aloud, think about how to stress the word "also" in "a gift Günther von Quassel had ''also'' been blessed with."

(In mathematical notation, the tilde "~" means "approximately" or "is proportional to," depending on country.)

==Page 638==

'''''Bohnen''''' 
German: beans

'''Maragogype''' 
As Gunther says, a variety of coffee bean, large in size, grown in Mexico and Central America [http://coffeeplus.com.au/coffees/7443.html].

'''Arbuckles''' 
Not only a brand of coffee, but a method of preparation also known as "Cowboy Coffee" similar to Turkish/Greek coffee in one boils the grounds in the water [http://www.ineedcoffee.com/02/04/cowboycoffee/]. Synonymous here with "plain old, unfancified coffee"--perhaps a swipe at 21st century coffee gourmets and at Starbucks. Another paramorphic-mirror image of the early 21st century in the early 20th. 
Cowhands expected their coffee to be ‘brown gargle”, hot, black, strong and thick enough to float a six shooter in. 
It's really, really hard to equate cowboy coffee to Greek coffee. Greek (Turkish, Serbian) coffee is made from beans ground to powder and boiled for a few seconds, usually in sugar syrup. Grounds in the cup are a virtue. Cowboy coffee starts as coarse grounds, which are boiled for several minutes (or, heaven help us, longer) and often "refined" with eggshells, which cause the grounds to settle out.

'''''cafetalero''''' 
Perhaps as in ''pistolero''; i.e. a barrista.

more likely translates as "coffee man"

'''''el otro lado''''' 
Spanish: the other side (in one sense or other).

'''bucket shop''' 
A stock swindle, in which one set of trades is reported to the customer, while the brokerage is really using the money in other, usually riskier trades ("bucketing"). A place where the public could bet on the daily motions of stock prices before 1929 and before the advent of instant stock quotes via the Internet.

Given the year, this may be related to the Panic of 1907. Steve/Ramon bought stocks on margin and when they went south he was slammed.

'''flimming''' 
Probably = indulging in flimflam (fraud, swindles)

'''''norte''''' 
north wind.

'''Plaza de Toros''' 

A bullring.

'''[S]louching away into the yellow opacity, he invited them all up to a wingding [...] that evening.''' 
Compare with T.S. Eliot's ''Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'':

<blockquote>
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes 
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening</blockquote>
[[User:Bean|remy]] 09:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

okay. Compared. One is about London fog being personified as a cat, the other a Mexican businessman riding off into the sunset. No relation unless you figure Eliot has a monoply on the words "yellow" and "evening". There's explcit Eliot references (cf. hanged man, the extra passenger effect inthe Vormance expedition) but this most likely isn't one of them. We all need to lay off the google and the crack here.

==Page 639==

'''Rio Bravo''' 
Mexican name for the river known in the US as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande Rio Grande].

'''Ramos gin fizzes''' 
The original [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/ramos-gin-fizz.html Ramos gin fizz] was invented in the 1880s by Henry C. Ramos, in his bar at Meyer's Restaurant, this is one of New Orleans' most famous drinks.

'''jungles of Tehuantepec''' 
Jungles of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec The Isthmus of Tehuantepec] in Mexico. The isthmus represents the shortest distance between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

'''unnatural boom''' 
Another paramorphic mirroring of the 21st/20th centuries; tech stock boom/bust of ~2000.

'''Baku''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Baku]].

'''skeeters''' 
mosquitoes

'''adios ''chingamadre''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, motherfucker.

==Page 640==

'''Valkyrie''' 
In Norse mythology the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie Valkyries] are minor female deities.

'''Mondragón semiautomatics''' 
A self-loading rifle designed and patented by Mexican General Mondragón in 1896 — so it was only 10 years ago. It's magazine capacity was of 8-round or 10-round box, or later 30-round drum (for German service). For a picture of the refined 1908 model and its 1907 patent see [http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl26-e.htm Mondgragón M1908 rifle].

'''Springfield''' 
An American magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle Springfield].

'''Schnecken rigs''' 
A possible anachronism, but it is hard to be sure. The German word ''Schnecken'' in the small-arms context (''Schneckenmagazin'') refers to what's called a "cylindrical magazine" in English. The best-known weapon using this magazine is the Russian PP-19 Bison submachine gun, but the Bison is based in part on Kalashnikov technology and hence could not have been developed until after World War II. [http://88.198.24.206/invisionboard/lofiversion/index.php/t20170.html The definitive online information] on the Bison not only identifies it as using the ''Schneckenmagazin'' but also contains excellent cutaway drawings of the "helical feed" system; use your browser's search function to find the word Bison. [http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg08-e.htm This page] has a photo and specs in English. The Schnecken rig is definitely ''not'' the drum magazine used with the American Thompson submachine gun in the 1920s.

'''anti-Porfiristas''' 
Opponents of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, hence left wing. Eventually, ten years later, to become the Mexican Revolution led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

'''the Pánuco''' 
''Río Pánuco'', a river in Veracruz state, east-central Mexico. It is formed by the junction of the Moctezuma and Tamuín rivers on the San Luis Potosí-Veracruz state line, the Pánuco meanders generally east-northeastward past the town of Pánuco to the Gulf of Mexico about 6 miles below Tampico.

==Page 641==

'''Mondragóns will get you through''' 
Echoes the wonderful 1970s slogan "Dope will get you through times of no money better than money will get you through times of no dope."

'''hidalgo''' 
Coin with a portrait of Miguel Hidalgo (1753 – 1811), hero of the Mexican war of independence against Spain.

'''''este . . . perdón''''' 
this . . . sorry

==Page 642==

'''La Fotinga Huasteca''' 
''Fotinga'' is Spanish: jalopy. ''Huasteca'' is a region of the Sierra Madre Oriental north of San Luis Potosí. A local equivalent to "Tijuana Taxi"?

'''''batería''''' 
Spanish: battery (collection of percussion instruments).

'''[T]hat dirty li'l back-shootin Bob Ford.''' 
Ford shot notorious outlaw Jesse James in the back on April 3, 1882; Ford himself was shotgunned to death in 1892. The event inspired one Billy Gashade to pen the verse that became the popular folk ballad "Jesse James," recorded by Pete Seeger, Bruce Springsteen, and many others. 
[[User:bnilsson|bnilsson]] 01:41, 2 January 2007 (EDT)

'''''resentimientos''''' 
resentments.

'''eight seconds . . . rodeo''' 
A bull rider must stay aboard for eight seconds to score.

'''cerverzas Bohemias''' 
Bohemias (brand) beers, a Mexican beer.

'''Cuervo Extra''' 
Brand of tequila.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Cuervo José Cuervo] is a well-known brand of tequila; the wikipedia does not mention ''Extra'' but ''Especial''.

==Page 643==

'''''frontera''''' 
Spanish: frontier.

'''drygulched''' 
Ambushed, betrayed.

'''Krag-Jorgensens''' 
Repeating-bolt-action rifles designed by the Norwegians Ole Krag and Erik Jorgensen in late 19th century (1886). From 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krag-J%C3%B8rgensen Krag-Jorgensens] were used by the United States army as standard arms. And now it is a popular collector item.

'''Juárez''' 
''Ciudad Juárez'', or simply ''Juárez'', is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It stands on the Rio Grande across the border from El Paso, Texas. [http://www.juarez-mexico.com/ Juárez] is the major port of entry and transportation center of north central Mexico.

'''''Vaya con Dios, pendejo''''' 
Spanish: Go with God, asshole.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 615-643

2010-09-03T01:51:48Z

Bangorang: /* Page 636 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 615==

'''''Kreditbrief''''' 
German: letter of credit.

==Page 616==

'''Auditorienhaus''' 
Building housing auditoriums (and in this case a library).

'''Riemann's ''Habilitationsschrift''''' 
In Germany a new faculty member presents a lecture or, in this case, a thesis on taking up office. 
Riemann's lecture, ''On the Hypotheses that Lie at the Foundation of Geometry'', delivered on June 10, 1854. It became a classic of mathematics.

In particular, it provided the mathematical concepts used later by Einstein to formulate his General Theory of Relativity, in which our actual physical space and time are seen to be curved by the action of gravity. Riemann's modern reputation as a "prophetic physicist" thus rests on this lecture. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann Wikipedia]

The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation Habilitation] is actually a formal process for giving a person the right to teach university courses independently (i.e. without a formal assignment) and supervise doctoral candidates. This right is usually referred to as venia docendi or venia legendi in Germany. The process consists of delivering a thesis (Habilitationsschrift) and giving a lecture.

'''the 1859 paper on primes''' 
In August 1859 Riemann presented a paper, ''On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity'', to the Berlin Academy of Science. In the middle of that paper he made what later was called the ''Riemann Hypothesis'' (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:conjecture]]). Today, after nearly 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, it remains unproved.

'''''Achphänomen''''' 
German: the "aha" phenomenon.

'''''Tchetvyortoye Izmereniye''''' 
Today more likely transliterated ''Chetvertoe izmerenie.'' Russian: (the) fourth dimension.

'''''"Yob tvoyu mat'"''''' 
Russian: Fuck your mother. It's as impolite as it looks, but used way more often than in English.

'''Otzovists''' 
A splinter Bolshevik faction. The name comes from the noun ''otzyv'' meaning "recall"; it does not mean "god-builders." The group (existing under this name only in 1908-9) demanded the recall of Social Democrats from the national legislature.

'''Lenin''' 
[http://www.bartleby.com/65/le/Lenin-Vl.html Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov aka Lenin] (1870-1924), Russian revolutionary and founder of Bolshevism and the major force behind the October Revolution, 1917. He studied law at Kazan University but only practiced law for a couple of years before becoming a professional revolutionary. He was arrested in 1895 for his opinions and activities, and was exiled to Siberia in 1897 for three years. At the end of his exile he went to Switzerland in 1900 and became the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1903, and returned to Russia in 1905 during the 1905 Revolution. He left Russia in 1907 and only returned in April, 1917 with Germany's connivance. Lenin inaugurated the ''dictatorship of the proletariat'' after the October Revolution. He died on January 21, 1924 and became the demi-god of the Soviet Union. According to ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'' (1988) Lenin was "shrewd, dynamic, im[placable, pedantic, opportunist, as ice-cold in his economic reasoning as in his impersonal political hatreds that could encompass millions. . . . He inspired in the name of democracy a despotism boundless in the power of its ambition and sense of destiny.''

'''Bolshevists''' 
Commonly called ''Bolsheviks''. At the Second Congress of the Russia's Social Democratic Labor Party in August, 1903 there was a dispute between Lenin and Martov, two of the party's leaders. Lenin argued for a small party of highly disciplined, centralized and dedicated professional revolutionary elites with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters. Martov disagreed believing it was better to have a mass party of activists. At the end of the debate Lenin won a narrow victory: 28 to 23 (the only time in the party history up to then Lenin had a majority behind him). From then on, the Party was split into Lenin's faction called themselves ''Bolsheviks'' (majority) and Martov's faction known as ''Mensheviks'' (minority). The split became permanent as both groups' policy and practice diverged more and more. In 1912, Lenin's Bolsheviks faction formed a separate Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) which in 1918, after they came to power, changed its name to All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). It finally became Communist Party of Soviet Union in 1952 which was dissolved in 1991.

'''anti-Materialist''' 
Marxism belongs to the materialist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism] strain of the Western philosophical tradition, stating that the only objective reality is matter. The orthodox Marxist doctrine is divided into historical materialism (which claims that changes of society and even the non-material "superstructure" are determined by economical processes, and thus materially caused); and dialectical materialism, proposed by Engels and then Lenin, which is basically a philosophy of nature combined with a rather crude gnoseology. The latter maintains that matter is the only substance and it is inherently and objectively dialectical in nature, i.e. it is in constant development due to the interactions of conflicting forces on all levels. An anti-Materialist (like Mach, who was denounced as a "subjective Idealist") is one who is against such belief.

'''Mach''' 
Austrian physicist and philosopher. A strong critic of Newtonian absolute time and absolute space. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:Ernst Mach]] (1838-1916). He was the target of Lenin's attack in his best-known attempt to create a Marxist philosophy (in the technical sense), ''Materialism and Empiriocriticism''.

'''Ouspensky''' 
Russian mystic and author of ''The Fourth Dimension''. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 602|page 602:Young Ouspensky]] (1878-1947).

==Page 617==

'''above this galley-slave repetition of days''' 
ATD motif i.e. rebel against the quotidian day.

'''the already seen''' 
. . . which we know better under the French term ''déjà vu.''

'''Staring at the wallpaper.''' 
A parallel to Kovalevskaya, whose father used Ostrogradsky notes to cover
the walls. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Kovalevskaia wiki].

'''I couldn't get away with only one plane...''' [[Image:Riemann_surface.jpg|thumb|Riemann surface of the log function|right]]
Yashmeen was trying to visualize the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_surface Riemann surface] of a complex function, which details how the function transforms its 2D input (i.e. argument) to its 2D output (i.e. function). Presumably, reading Riemann's geometric works (Cf previous page) would help her understand how to correctly do this.

'''''i, j,'' and ''k'', the unit vectors''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526:Gibbsian Vectors]].

==Page 618==

'''''Schnitte''''' 
Plural of ''Schnitt.'' German: cuts.

'''cuts ... sheets''' 
Referring to the picture on the right, the horizontal planes are called "sheets". The transitions are called "cuts". This is because the picture can be constructed by taking multiple planes, cutting them, and then glueing the edges of the cuts to connect the planes.

Also consider cuts in films as viewed by a film editor (God?). What appear to the viewer as scene changes in time appear to the editor as segments of film glued together in space.

'''multiply-connected spaces''' 
In topology, geometrical objects or spaces that are connected but '''not''' simply connected are called multiply-connected spaces. 
A geometrical object or space is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply-connected simply connected] if it consists of one piece and doesn't have any "holes" that pass all the way through it. For example, balls and planes are simply connected since they have no holes. Neither a donut nor a coffee cup with handle is simply connected, and so both are [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MultiplyConnected.html multiply connected]. 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply_connected Also see Wikipedia] for a fine, relatively nontechnical explanation. 
Sea-ice and Venice were described as multiply connected spaces on [[ATD_119-148#Page_136|p. 136.]]

''''vector space'''' 
In mathematics, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space vector space] is a collection of objects, vectors, that may be scaled and added.

'''That's when it really...''' 
A Riemann surface (e.g. the picture to the right on the previous page) is a 2D [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemannian_manifold Riemannian manifold]. In a 3D [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemannian_manifold Riemannian manifold] (what Yashmeen saw), the multiple connected 2D planes are replaced with multiple 3D spaces. One can sympathize with her discomfort.

'''space of higher dimensionality''' 
Hypersphere. A four-dimensional hypersphere is currently considered the possible shape of our universe. (A 4-D hypersphere is to a 3-D sphere, what a 3-D sphere is to a circle.) In mathematics, [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hypersphere.html Hypersphere] can be n-dimensional with n = 4 and greater. Also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersphere Hypersphere of Wiki Entry].

Cf Riemann's Habilitationsschrift on [[ATD_615-643#Page_616|p. 616]]

'''''nichevo''''' 
Russian: nothing, "it doesn't matter".

'''if it doesn't work with gold, the next step will be lead''' 
Cowboy alchemy. If you can't settle your dispute with money, you will have to shoot it out. There's a reference to this process on page 105.

'''it's this damned English practice of talking in code''' 
Refers to commonly noted English cultural tendency to avoid direct expression in conversation.

'''the Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
The Britain and Russia settled a number of differences in Asia. And with both countries concerned about Germany but friendly with France they concluded the Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg. It defined their respective spheres of interest in Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet, with Russia taking the northern areas of Persia and Britain taking the Persian Gulf area in the south. Its primary aim was to keep Germany out of that region.

==Page 619==

'''''Bierstube''''' 
German: tavern, beer hall.

==Page 620==

'''''akousmaton''''' 
In ''AtD'' the plural ''akousmata'' occurs more often. [[A|Look it up in the alphabetical "A" page.]]

'''eidolon''' 
From Greek: image, picture.

'''minié ball''' 
Rifle bullet with a conical head used in muzzle-loading firearms. [[ATD_97-118#Page_101|See the fuller annotation on p. 101.]]

'''Zirconium''' 
A steel-gray hard ductile metallic element with a high melting point that occurs widely in combined form, is highly resistant to corrosion, and is used especially in alloys and in refractories and ceramics. 
Zirconium is often confused with ''zircon'' and even more often with ''zirconia.'' Zircon is a gemstone consisting chiefly of zirconium silicate. Zirconia is the oxide of zirconium. "Cubic zirconia" became a popular surrogate gem a couple of decades ago.

'''galena''' 
a bluish-gray cubic mineral with metallic luster consisting of lead sulfide and constituting the principal ore of lead.

==Page 621==

'''Reckon ''yo tengo que'' get ''el'' fuck out of ''aquí''''' 
Macaronic Spanish/English: Reckon I'd better get the fuck out of here. 
Kit said the same thing when he decided to leave Yale (page 318).

'''''Zum Mickifest! Komm, komm!''''' 
German: To the Mickey party, come, come! "Mickey Finn" = knockout drops such as chloral hydrate (see any film noir).

'''''K.O.-Tropfen''''' 
German: K.O. (= knockout) drops.

==Page 622==

'''Group-theoretical implications''' 
Introductions to group theory often use "symmetry under rotation" as an illustration. You can rotate a square 90 degrees and get the same square, and likewise 180 and 270 degrees, so the square has fourfold symmetry. Here Gottlob applies a similar concept to the printed words ''pun'' and ''und,'' which alternate with every 180 degree rotation.

'''rhonchus''' 
a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partly obstructed.

'''''Gottlob! Wo ist deine Spritze?''''' 
German: Gottlob, where is your syringe?

'''''"Streng reserviert für den Elefanten!"''''' 
German: Strictly reserved for the elephant (not elephants).

==Page 623==

'''strychnine''' 
a bitter poisonous alkaloid that is obtained from ''nux vomica'' and related plants, and is used as a poison (as for rodents) and medicinally as a stimulant of the central nervous system.

'''Noncommutative . . . Asymmetric''' 
A relation like "cures" is ''commutative'' if "A cures B" implies that "B cures A" and vice versa. Here the situation is fuzzier because a total cure is not at issue: "Chloral alleviates the effects of strychnine" and "Strychnine alleviates the effects of chloral" are both true, so ''noncommutative'' doesn't quite apply, but one is more true than the other, so ''asymmetric'' is a better choice of word.

'''''Verfluchte cowboy!''''' 
German: Damn cowboy! (should be ''Verfluchter Cowboy'')

'''''Achtung, Schwester!''''' 
German: Hey, Nurse!

'''''Klapsmühle''''' 
German: nut factory. (''Er hat einen Klaps'' means "He's nutty"; ''Mühle'' is a mill.)

'''one of his canonical outfits''' 
"Canonicals" is a term for priestly vestments. 
But also, in the psychology of perception, means 'typical' or 'most easily recognised as'

'''Dr. Willi Dingkopf''' 
German: Thinghead. Possibly, given other meanings of "thing", Dickhead.

==Page 624==

'''''Kit: '...You just hit me with, with that stick?'''''' 
This scene was revealed earlier in the book on page 596:
"This is the world, Kit reflected, a couple nights later, around 3 A.M., as an extra smack of the bamboo stick, She is the world."

'''''Hebraic''''' 
Jewish.

'''you are not ''also Hebraic''''' 
Anti-Semitic Dingkopf considered Kit Jewish by his name ''Traverse''.

'''Jew Cantor, the ''Beast of Halle'', . . . to demolish the very foundations of mathematics''' 
Greg Cantor (1845-1918) taught mathematics at University of Halle from 1869-1918. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 593|page 593:Greg Cantor]]). He introduced the concepts of infinity and continuum into mathematics and thus brought about one of mathematical crises mentioned on page 594. (Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]]). 
Dingkopf regarded Greg Cantor Jewish by his name ''Cantor''.

==Page 625==

'''"Cantor is a practicing Lutheran." "With a name like that? Please." 
Dingkopf hears the name and obsessively thinks of the many Polish Jewish families that bear it. But the connection is not as strong as he surmises: The church of St. Thomas (Thomaskirche) in Leipzig had a staff member called Cantor or Kantor, and noted practicing Lutheran Johann Sebastian Bach held the position in his prime years. Cantor/Lutheran is not an absurdity.

''Cantor'' just means ''singer'' in Latin, and it has been used for persons who have a singing part in both Jewish and Christian (and possibly other) rites.

'''"Dr Hilbert . . ." "Dr. . . . ''David'' Hilbert"''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page324:David Hilbet]] (1862-1943), a German mathematician. Again, Dingkopf regarded him as Jewish because of his name, ''David''.

'''''Kolonie''''' 
German: colony, compound.

'''Invisibilism''' 
The principles of this (apparently) fictional school of design bring to mind Buckminster Fuller's concept of '''ephemeralization''', which notes that as design and technology improve -- "the more ''rationally'' a structure was designed" -- the more that can be done with less, process waste converges toward zero and things become physically smaller, "less visible...to the point" -- the "Penultimate Term" -- of being all but invisible. A simple example, the telephone cord is quickly disappearing as we go to cordless phones, and transistors "grow" smaller and smaller as a corollary to Moore's law. The principle of ephemeralization can be applied to design, construction, transportation, computer and other technologies and tools.

'''into its own metastructure''' 
A German SAP engineer once explained "we control complexity through abstraction."

'''one is left with only traces in the world, a few tangles of barbed wire''' 
The Invisibilist principles are paramorphosized into a future of kolonies where only the barbed wire outlines are visible. Within the context of antisemitism in the preceding paragraphs, the text is moving from kolonies to concentration camps, concentration camps empty perhaps except for the traces of consciousness remaining, outlined in barbed wire, the plan-view of, not the Penultimate Term, but the Final Solution.

'''certain odors''' 
cf. p. 408
This has less to do with Proust and involutary memory than with "perhaps certain ''odors''[Italicized in the original] steming from a few tangles of barbed wire upwind, a wind "which itself possesses now the same index of refracton as the departed Structure..." As is explained to Kit by someone in a guard's uniform who may not actually be a guard. That certain odor seems to be the odor of smoke from the ovens.

'''refraction index''' 
Among other things a refraction index can be used to measure concentration (camps) and confirm purity (ethnic).

'''someone . . . whom Kit . . . assumed was a guard''' 
Error in grammar by Pynchon or, more charitably, introduced by a copy editor. Punctuating as ''someone who/whom (Kit assumed) was a guard'' makes the choice of pronoun clearer. Alternatively: did Kit assume someone? No, he assumed a proposition about someone: ''someone was a guard.'' When the subject of that is transformed to "who/whom" for the purpose of linking it into the sentence, it remains the subject: ''who was a guard.'' 
A quibble over a fine point? Yes, but Pynchon is renowned for his fine points, and this mistake seems to put him on a level with a news intern at a third-tier TV station. So let's consider this a teaching moment: ''Copy editors, don't impose your ignorance on good writers.''

'''''So Gut Wie Neu''''' 
German: as good as new.

'''Dirigible Field''' 
The inmates' occupational therapy is a disguise for constructing this landing facility.

'''a real Dirigible''' 
The inmates have established a cargo cult [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult Wikipedia article] or a [http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/ufos.html UFO cult.]
:Sounds like an echo and/or parody of the "He Who Must Come" material on page 543. Both are in close proximity to the name Richard Strauss.

'''Doofland''' 
German ''doof'' means comically stupid (possibly an origin of English "doofus").

Or maybe a version of "Tiefland" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiefland_(opera)], the 1903 Eugen d'Albert opera which was turned into a film directed by Leni Riefenstahl [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiefland_(film)]. The latter, which began filming in 1940 and wasn't released until 1954, turned out to be the most expensive b&w film made in Nazi Germany. Additional notoriety for the film comes from Riefenstahl's having used Roma and Stinti extras who were being held in Nazi collection camps, so-called "Zigeunerlager."

'''O Tempora, O Mores''' 
Latin: Oh, the times! Oh, the customs! (Was there really music under this title?)

Famous sentence by Cicero in his First Oration against Catiline, which means Oh the times! Oh the morals! In his opening speech against Catiline, who had previously tried to kill him, Cicero deplores the viciousness and corruption of his age. This sentence is now used as an exclamation to criticize present-day attitudes and trends, often jokingly. So, it is, indeed, an "old favorite"

'''The Black Whale of Askalon''' 
"Im Schwarzen Walfisch zu Askalon," comic song. The "Black Whale" is a tavern in the ancient Persian town of Askalon. [http://www.grainger.de/music/songs/schwarzenwalfisch.html A paraphrase of the lyrics.]

==Page 626==

'''the head of Jochanaan''' 
In Strauss' opera ''Salome'' the title character asks for and receives as tribute John the Baptist's head on a platter. John in the opera is called Jochanaan.

'''Richard Strauss's opera ''Salome'' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Richard Struass]]'s one-act opera ''Salome'' was performed first time in Dresden, Germany, on December 9, 1905. It was a sensation of the year 1905. The opera was based on the French play ''Salomé'' by Oscar Wilde. The time of action: about 30 A.D.; place of action: Jerusalem . . . for the story see [http://www.music.lv/opera/Salome/default_E.htm Salome].

'''the Five Jews''' 
In the middle of the opera ''Salome'' five Jews argued concerning the nature of God.

'''''Judeamus igitur, Judenes dum su-hu-mus''''' 
German university students used to sing ''Gaudeamus igitur, juvenes dum sumus'' ("Then let us be joyful while we are young men"); the melody forms the climax of Brahms' "Academic Festival" overture. Dr. Dingkopf, the Johnny One-Note of anti-Semitism, sings in bastard Latin, "Then let us Jew while we are Jews."

'''Ich Bin Ein Berliner''' 
JFK said "Ich bin ein Berliner" at the Berlin wall in 1963. According to Wikipedia, there is an urban legend: 
<blockquote>Kennedy should have said "Ich bin Berliner" to mean "I am a person from Berlin." By adding the indefinite article ein, his statement implied he was a non-human Berliner, thus "I am a jelly doughnut". The statement was followed by uproarious laughter.</blockquote> 
However, Wikipedia goes on to state: <blockquote>There is no grammatical error in Kennedy's statement; the indefinite article does not change its meaning. In German, the statement of origin "Ich bin ein Brandenburger" (I am a Brandenburger) is more common than "Ich bin Brandenburger" (I am Brandenburger), but both are correct. The article "ein" can be used as a form of emphasis: it implies "just one of many." As Kennedy did stress the "ein", the usage was, according to German linguist Jürgen Eichhoff [1], "not only correct, but the one and only correct way of expressing in German what the President intended to say."</blockquote> 
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:51, 19 December 2006 (PST)

And Kennedy's motto drew tumultuous cheers, not laughter; the Berliners had no trouble understanding what he meant.

Maybe a Simpsons connection as well:[http://www.anvari.org/fortune/Simpsons_Subtle_Allusions/9.html]

'''''Konditerei''''' 
German: pastry shop.

'''''Puderzucker''''' 
German: powdered sugar.

==Page 628==

'''Halfcourt? what kind of a name is that?''' 
This is Dingkopf speaking, in the context of his obsession with Jewish infiltration of British society. "What kind of a name is that?" has the subtext "Is that a ''Jewish'' name?"

'''''Der Wall''''' 
In German there are at least three words for "wall": ''Wand'' (the wall of a room), ''Mauer'' (a masonry wall) and ''Wall'' (a wall of a fortification). The infamous Berlin Wall was ''die Mauer.''

In this case 'der Wall' means the rampart on which the town wall stood. After this was razed in the 18. century a path was made on top of 'der Wall' along which Yashmeen and Kit take their walk.

'''dotted quarter rest''' 
Musical notation: brief pause.

==Page 629==

'''Hainberg''' 
Likely to be the Hainberg-Gymnasium at Göttingen http://hainberg-gymnasium.de/

'''Rheinpfalz''' 
A wine from the Rhine-Palatinate region in western Germany.

'''Deidesheimer...Herrgottsacker...Hofstück''' 
Three different wines.

'''do a bunk''' 
Flee.

==Page 630==

'''a Theosophist''' 
an adherent of theosophy professing to achieve a knowledge of God by spiritual ecstasy, direct intuition, or special individual revelation.

'''Sidney Reilly''' 
Sidney Reilly, aka The Ace of Spies--a real early 20th century British--and other--intelligence agent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Reilly].

'''hoosier''' 
Bumpkin; capitalized, it has a different meaning.

'''stans''' 
Countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkestan, etc.). Possible anachronism; term gained currency after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

No anachronism - in many central-asian languages (Pashtu, Dari, Farsi, etc.) '-stan' means 'land of', i.e. Afghanistan = Land of the Afghans, Nuristan = Land of Light, Frankistan = France, Germanistan = Germany, etc.

'''One Savile Row''' 
Seat of the Royal Geographical Society.

'''Kashgar''' 
Now called Kashi, a city in the extreme west of China; at the western end of the Taklimakan desert; a principal town of Chinese Turkestan. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar Kāshi (Kashgar)].

'''Auberon Halfcourt''' 
The name Auberon is derived from Oberon and related to Alberich, the dwarf in Wagner's ''Ring'' cycle. Half-court describes a reduced form of basketball. Another possible allusion (bit of a stretch, perhaps?) is to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberon_Herbert Auberon Herbert,] a British libertarian whom Benjamin Tucker described as "a true anarchist in everything but name."

==Page 631==

'''the recent Anglo-Russian Entente''' 
Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 618|page 618:Anglio-Russian Entente]] of 1907 in which the spheres of influence in inner Asia were divided between Britain and Russia in order to keep Germany out of that region.

'''Baku and Johannesburg''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Johannesburg; Baku]].

'''One vision . . . spiritual, and the other, capitalist.''' 
Competing visions as to the significance of what lies buried beneath the sands in Central Asia. We have already seen a map that reflects [[ATD 243-272#Page 249|dual visions]] of the area. The Great Game competition shaping up in Asia is a continuation of a global 'metaphysical' conflict between materialist and integrationist tendencies.

'''lie doggo''' 
Go underground, maintain a low profile.

==Page 632==

'''Museum der Monstrositäten''' 
German: museum of monstrosities. ''Mathematical'' monstrosities.

'''Professor Klein''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_klein Felix Klein] is best known for his application of group theory (roughly, the theory of symmetry) to geometry called the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlangen_Program Erlangen Program]. Presumably (I've never seen his math models) his collection would contain elegantly beautiful, crystalline forms, in contrast to the Museum der Monstrositäten.

'''motor diligence''' 
Motor taxi, as opposed to horse-drawn.

'''the Brocken''' 
The highest peak (3,750 ft) in the Harz Mountains in Germany. It is about 35 miles northeast of Göttingen. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brocken The Brocken]). 

Appears in ''GR'' where Slothrop and neophyte witch Geli Tripping encounter the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_329-336 Brockengespenst] p. 330. and ....

'''"An older Germany .... Deeper"''' 
Meaning pre-Christian Germany, as referenced earlier in the passage with the description 'witchlike'.

'''weapons somehow ''not yet decipherable''''' 
Rayguns.

'''Sapoleum''' 
''Sapo venetus'' (Venetian soap) or ''sapo hispanicus'' (Hispanic soap). Some kind of soap, obviously.

==Page 633==

'''Knipfel...von Imbiss''' 
Neither one existed. Imbiss is German: snacks, fast food. *** I have a differing opinion: Knipfel is Jim Knipfel. Thomas Pynchon has read Knipfel's memoirs, enjoyed them, and blurbed them.

'''''Weierstrass Functions''''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable]].

'''''Russell's Letter''''' 
Russell's letter of June 16, 1902. (see below "Poor Frege . . .").

'''''the Set of All Sets That Are Not Members of Themselves''''' 
Russell Paradox. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 538|page 538:Bertie Russell]].

'''''parallax effect''''' 
the apparent shift of an object against a background due to a change in observer's position.

'''Poor Frege . . . about to publish his book . . .''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Frege.html Gottlob Frege] (1848-1925) was a German mathematician. He was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic putting forward the view that mathematics is reducible to logic. 
In 1893 Frege published his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 1'' in which he axiomatized arithmetic with an intuitive collection of axioms. While his ''The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Vol. 2'' was at the printer, Frege received a letter (June 16, 1902) from Bertrand Russell in which Russell pointed out that the ''Russell Paradox'' gave a contradiction in Frege's system of axioms.

'''''Kot!''''' 
German: shit.

'''Crotona in Magna Grecia''' 
Crotona is the old Latin name of the Italian city [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotone Crotone] in southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto. Ancient Crotona was long one of the most flourishing cities of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Graecia Magna Grecia] (Latin for ''Greater Greece''), the area in Southern Italy colonised by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC. Pythagoras went to Crotona at the age of 40 and most of his philosophical activities occurred there.

'''Hilbeert . . . August . . . in 1900 . . . International Congress . . . "Paris Problems" 
Paris Problems = Hilbert's Problems. Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 604|page 604:the outstanding problems in mathematics]].

'''''zone of dual nature''''' 
One place that is two places: this peculiar Pynchonian form of bilocation again.

'''part "real"...part "pictorial" or let us say "fictional"''' 
Complex numbers are made up of a real number and an imaginary number (e.g "one plus the square root of negative one"), as AtD is made up of real and imaginary (fictional) parts, the effect of which (continuing into P.635) is described as "taking one beyond four dimensional environs...out into a timeless region..." This seems to be the goal of the protagonists, the author, and the reader.

==Page 634==

'''''Mengenlehre''''' 
German: set theory.

'''one is thrust . . . into a timeless region''' 
Like one of those funhouse rooms where gravity is reversed.

'''ZU DEN QUATERNIONEN''' 
German railway stations all have a big sign: ZU DEN ZÜGEN, to the trains. Here it's to the quaternions.

Not sure about the train connection, it reminded me rather of signs found in zoos or circus sideshows pointing to the major attractions (e.g. "Zu den Löwen" - "[This way] To the lions"). [[User:WolfgangFaber|WolfgangFaber]] 14:35, 11 October 2008 (PDT)

It is puzzling to find Quaternions in the musuem, since they weren't part of the "Crises in Mathematics" at the end of the 19th century. Perhaps Pynchon has placed them here because they were largely superseded by vectors, hence were unloved by most mathematicians, just like the other exhibits. Preterite mathematics.

'''Nernst light''' 
Light from [[ATD_429-459#Page 437|page 437:Nernst Lamp]].

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 561|page 561:Brougham Bridge]].

'''complex knife''' 
"part real and part imaginary", and there is a "real" reproduction nearby. These are ''aides memoires'', inspirations--perhaps the dimensions beyond are literally located in imagination, mental spaces.

'''Sofia Kovalevskaia and . . . Weierstrass''' 
From 1870 Weierstrass was Kovalevskaia's mathematics tutor in Berlin. He gave Kovalevskaia private lessons twice a week for four years. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia]]. 
Here, as on page 500, there is a hint of romantic involvement between the teacher and the student.

'''Lebesgue''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lebesgue.html Henri Lebesgue] (1875-1941) was a French mathematician. He formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and the following year he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral.

Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions based largely on the Riemann method of integration. However, in 1902, Lebesgue extended the concept of the area below a curve to include many ''discontinuous functions'' and thus generalised the notion of the Riemann integral and revolutionised the integral calculus.

'''Lebesgue's notorious "surface devoid of tangent planes"''' 
The usual calculus method for computing the area of a surface requires that [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/TangentToASurface/ tangent planes] to the surface exist at every point. Although smooth surfaces satisfy this requirement, infinitely rough surfaces, such as a "thoroughly crumpled handkerchief" may not. Lebesgue's integration theory can be used in such cases. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_area Wikipedia].

'''. . . everywhere continuous and nowhere differentiable''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 589|page 589:everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable, Weierstrass function]] and [[ATD_588-614#Page 594|page 594:crisis in mathematics]].

Poincare - "Yesterday, if a new function was invented it was to serve some practical end; today they are specially invented only to show up the arguments of our fathers, and they will never have any other use" (Collected Works, v.11, p.130)

Hermite - "I recoil with dismay and horror at this lamentable plague of functions which do not have derivatives."

'''"She was always my inspiration, you know."''' 
Michael Naumann, German minister of culture, stated somewhere (I've searched everywhere for the actual article-- the repeated report is everywhere but there's no link to the original source) that he assisted Pynchon in his research of Sofia Kovalesvskaia. Naumann said (apparently) that Pynchon's new book would pivot around Kovalesvskaia. While we've heard her name all over the place, it seems clear that rather than transform a historical figure into a fictional one (ala mssrs Mason & Dixon) Pynchon invented Yashmeen Halfcourt to play that role. The quote here, while a simple statement by Yashmeen, is also a fairly explicit fourth-wall breach. (Considering the last line of this chapter, this whole visit to the Museum der Monstrositäten is a fairly unusual authorial Hitchcockian walk-on for TRP.)

==Page 635==

'''The Kaiser now seeks in Mexico . . . opportunities for mischief toward the U.S.''' 
Now and for years to come: America's entry into World War One was spurred in part by the Kaiser's offer to return part of the Southwest to Mexico.

'''''Rosinenkacker''''' 
German: one who shits raisins. More commonly "Korinthenkacker", insulting term for a very pedantic person.

'''a world line...never travel''' 
A world line is a tensor, a four-dimensional vector through space ''and'' time, therefore a history. Here Gunther is describing the closing off of his future possibilities. In quantum theory observation causes possible states to 'collapse' into one measured state; hence, the past observed from the present is deterministic (it has only one possible state), but the present observed from the past has many possible states until our actions cause it to collapse into one state. Our actions will then be seen to have been inevitable, a world line [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel]. Hence: "Ach, das Schiksal".

'''''Ach, das Schicksal''''' 
German: ah, fate.

'''chloral to coffee''' 
A depressant to a stimulant, antipodal (opposite) effects on neuronal function. 

'''that terrible ecstasy known to result from unmediated observation of the beautiful''' 
Cf. Rilke, First Duino Elegy:
"For beauty is nothing but
the beginning of terror, that we are still able to bear,
and we revere it so, because it calmly disdains
to destroy us. Every Angel is terror." 
Rilke features strongly in V and GR (with Weissmann/Blicero). The idea that 'the sublime' involves an element of terror is fundamental to Romanticism.

May also be an allusion to what is known as "Stendhal Syndrome" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal_syndrome], a psychosomatic illness that causes rapid heartbeat, dizziness, confusion and even hallucinations when an individual is exposed to art, usually when the art is particularly 'beautiful' or a large amount of art is in a single place. The term can also be used to describe a similar reaction to a surfeit of choice in other circumstances, e.g. when confronted with immense beauty in the natural world. It is said that a lot of tourists who visit Florence and Venice experience it.

'''They moved along in regret...departures...from...mathematical study''' 
In 1964 Thomas Pynchon applied to the graduate program of the Mathematics Department of UC Berkeley and was rejected ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon Wikipedia]). He subsequently pursued a career solely as a writer.

==Page 636==

'''Children''' 
The preceding sections are a concise, riotous, poignant summary of life at an institute of higher learning; students and to some extent faculty are, notoriously, children at play. Yashmeen, Kit and Gunther are graduating, without diplomas but going out of the hothouse atmosphere of the University into the "real world". But given the preceding 5 pages, how real is that? 
But this is not so much about the University as about 'the Museum' on the Brocken, and the issue is really who is speaking. Who would feel qualified to call them 'children'? They're in a 'strange, underground temple' and the Brocken is an ancient, magical place. Associated especially with witches and 'the Spectre of the Brocken', an aerial phenomenon that resembles a human figure (actually the shadow of the viewer on the mist).

'''The next time you visit...''' 
The University never looks the same after graduation; also, nothing ever does: Heraclitus' dictum that no man ever steps in the same river twice. Time (''pace'' Proust) cannot be reclaimed (even if you can find the tesseract's entrance again)because even if you go back in time, you are not the same person you were; you have been changed by experience. 
Again, it's 'the Museum' that's closing. This isn't the Museum of Professor Klein at the University, mentioned on p. 632, it's a 'nocturnal equivalent' out on the Brocken.

'''the cornerstone of the building is ... a tesseract''' 
[[Image:tessaract.gif|thumb|3D Projection of a Rotating Tesseract|right]]
A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessaract tesseract] is a four dimensional cube. You can construct a cube in 3-space by connecting the corresponding vertices of two identical squares, each in a separate plane. You can construct a tesseract in 4-space by connecting the corresponding vertices of two identical cubes, ''each in its own separate 3-space''. So a tesseract is an embodiment of bilocation. The picture to the right is the perspective projection into 3-space of a tesseract spinning (click the enlarge button) in 4-space. The two cubes are identical, but appear different-sized due to perspective.

Since the building is constructed from tesseracts, fictionally it can exist in different locations and at different times.

'''"You know who I am."''' 
Cf. Leonard Cohen:

"You know who I am, you've stared at the sun.
I am the one who loves changing from nothing to one."

Some sort of god of mathematics, the curator of the museum?
The Spectre of the Brocken (seen by Slothrop and Geli in GR)? Rilke's angel, the terrible ecstasy referred to on p. 635? All three?

Another possibility: the author. After all, the characters are his 'children', his creations. And in a fiction, the author is God. The Museum that he's closing isn't only a museum of mathematics, it's a musuem of ''narratives'' about mathematics.

Bravo! Pynchon is speaking to the reader as well as his characters. He is closing his Museum of Monstrous Mathematical Metaphors for now.

Seems too pat to me. Everything can be metafictional or self-referential medium-is-the-message if you look at it from that perspective. Why not just say it's a disembodied voice that calls to mind a "price check on prune juice"-type intercom or loudspeaker annoucement of closing time. It's from the 4th dimension, after all. Thus part and parcel of the high-tech (even holographic) exhibits on display in this museum (from the future?)

==Page 637==

'''caldo tlapeno''' 
Mexican chicken vegetable soup.

'''Tampico''' 
Tampico means "the place of the otters". As a city, it is Mexico's second most important commercial port along the Gulf of Mexico, is located on the southeastern tip of Tamaulipas. The State of Tamaulipas is on the northeast side of Mexico directly south of Texas; but [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampico Tampico] is about 300 miles from the US border.

'''Chiapas''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas Chiapas] is a poor and largely agricultural stat in the southeast of Mexico. It is best known for its 1994 Zapatista movement.

'''"El Atildado"''' 
Spanish: the neat man. But it also suggests "the man marked with a tilde" (see page 600). When reading this passage aloud, think about how to stress the word "also" in "a gift Günther von Quassel had ''also'' been blessed with."

(In mathematical notation, the tilde "~" means "approximately" or "is proportional to," depending on country.)

==Page 638==

'''''Bohnen''''' 
German: beans

'''Maragogype''' 
As Gunther says, a variety of coffee bean, large in size, grown in Mexico and Central America [http://coffeeplus.com.au/coffees/7443.html].

'''Arbuckles''' 
Not only a brand of coffee, but a method of preparation also known as "Cowboy Coffee" similar to Turkish/Greek coffee in one boils the grounds in the water [http://www.ineedcoffee.com/02/04/cowboycoffee/]. Synonymous here with "plain old, unfancified coffee"--perhaps a swipe at 21st century coffee gourmets and at Starbucks. Another paramorphic-mirror image of the early 21st century in the early 20th. 
Cowhands expected their coffee to be ‘brown gargle”, hot, black, strong and thick enough to float a six shooter in. 
It's really, really hard to equate cowboy coffee to Greek coffee. Greek (Turkish, Serbian) coffee is made from beans ground to powder and boiled for a few seconds, usually in sugar syrup. Grounds in the cup are a virtue. Cowboy coffee starts as coarse grounds, which are boiled for several minutes (or, heaven help us, longer) and often "refined" with eggshells, which cause the grounds to settle out.

'''''cafetalero''''' 
Perhaps as in ''pistolero''; i.e. a barrista.

more likely translates as "coffee man"

'''''el otro lado''''' 
Spanish: the other side (in one sense or other).

'''bucket shop''' 
A stock swindle, in which one set of trades is reported to the customer, while the brokerage is really using the money in other, usually riskier trades ("bucketing"). A place where the public could bet on the daily motions of stock prices before 1929 and before the advent of instant stock quotes via the Internet.

Given the year, this may be related to the Panic of 1907. Steve/Ramon bought stocks on margin and when they went south he was slammed.

'''flimming''' 
Probably = indulging in flimflam (fraud, swindles)

'''''norte''''' 
north wind.

'''Plaza de Toros''' 
A bullring.

'''[S]louching away into the yellow opacity, he invited them all up to a wingding [...] that evening.''' 
Compare with T.S. Eliot's ''Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'':

<blockquote>
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes 
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening</blockquote>
[[User:Bean|remy]] 09:52, 28 December 2006 (PST)

==Page 639==

'''Rio Bravo''' 
Mexican name for the river known in the US as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande Rio Grande].

'''Ramos gin fizzes''' 
The original [http://www.gumbopages.com/food/beverages/ramos-gin-fizz.html Ramos gin fizz] was invented in the 1880s by Henry C. Ramos, in his bar at Meyer's Restaurant, this is one of New Orleans' most famous drinks.

'''jungles of Tehuantepec''' 
Jungles of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec The Isthmus of Tehuantepec] in Mexico. The isthmus represents the shortest distance between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

'''unnatural boom''' 
Another paramorphic mirroring of the 21st/20th centuries; tech stock boom/bust of ~2000.

'''Baku''' 
Cf [[ATD_149-170#Page_168|page 168: Baku]].

'''skeeters''' 
mosquitoes

'''adios ''chingamadre''''' 
Spanish: goodbye, motherfucker.

==Page 640==

'''Valkyrie''' 
In Norse mythology the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkyrie Valkyries] are minor female deities.

'''Mondragón semiautomatics''' 
A self-loading rifle designed and patented by Mexican General Mondragón in 1896 — so it was only 10 years ago. It's magazine capacity was of 8-round or 10-round box, or later 30-round drum (for German service). For a picture of the refined 1908 model and its 1907 patent see [http://world.guns.ru/rifle/rfl26-e.htm Mondgragón M1908 rifle].

'''Springfield''' 
An American magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield_rifle Springfield].

'''Schnecken rigs''' 
A possible anachronism, but it is hard to be sure. The German word ''Schnecken'' in the small-arms context (''Schneckenmagazin'') refers to what's called a "cylindrical magazine" in English. The best-known weapon using this magazine is the Russian PP-19 Bison submachine gun, but the Bison is based in part on Kalashnikov technology and hence could not have been developed until after World War II. [http://88.198.24.206/invisionboard/lofiversion/index.php/t20170.html The definitive online information] on the Bison not only identifies it as using the ''Schneckenmagazin'' but also contains excellent cutaway drawings of the "helical feed" system; use your browser's search function to find the word Bison. [http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg08-e.htm This page] has a photo and specs in English. The Schnecken rig is definitely ''not'' the drum magazine used with the American Thompson submachine gun in the 1920s.

'''anti-Porfiristas''' 
Opponents of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, hence left wing. Eventually, ten years later, to become the Mexican Revolution led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

'''the Pánuco''' 
''Río Pánuco'', a river in Veracruz state, east-central Mexico. It is formed by the junction of the Moctezuma and Tamuín rivers on the San Luis Potosí-Veracruz state line, the Pánuco meanders generally east-northeastward past the town of Pánuco to the Gulf of Mexico about 6 miles below Tampico.

==Page 641==

'''Mondragóns will get you through''' 
Echoes the wonderful 1970s slogan "Dope will get you through times of no money better than money will get you through times of no dope."

'''hidalgo''' 
Coin with a portrait of Miguel Hidalgo (1753 – 1811), hero of the Mexican war of independence against Spain.

'''''este . . . perdón''''' 
this . . . sorry

==Page 642==

'''La Fotinga Huasteca''' 
''Fotinga'' is Spanish: jalopy. ''Huasteca'' is a region of the Sierra Madre Oriental north of San Luis Potosí. A local equivalent to "Tijuana Taxi"?

'''''batería''''' 
Spanish: battery (collection of percussion instruments).

'''[T]hat dirty li'l back-shootin Bob Ford.''' 
Ford shot notorious outlaw Jesse James in the back on April 3, 1882; Ford himself was shotgunned to death in 1892. The event inspired one Billy Gashade to pen the verse that became the popular folk ballad "Jesse James," recorded by Pete Seeger, Bruce Springsteen, and many others. 
[[User:bnilsson|bnilsson]] 01:41, 2 January 2007 (EDT)

'''''resentimientos''''' 
resentments.

'''eight seconds . . . rodeo''' 
A bull rider must stay aboard for eight seconds to score.

'''cerverzas Bohemias''' 
Bohemias (brand) beers, a Mexican beer.

'''Cuervo Extra''' 
Brand of tequila.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Cuervo José Cuervo] is a well-known brand of tequila; the wikipedia does not mention ''Extra'' but ''Especial''.

==Page 643==

'''''frontera''''' 
Spanish: frontier.

'''drygulched''' 
Ambushed, betrayed.

'''Krag-Jorgensens''' 
Repeating-bolt-action rifles designed by the Norwegians Ole Krag and Erik Jorgensen in late 19th century (1886). From 1892 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krag-J%C3%B8rgensen Krag-Jorgensens] were used by the United States army as standard arms. And now it is a popular collector item.

'''Juárez''' 
''Ciudad Juárez'', or simply ''Juárez'', is a city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It stands on the Rio Grande across the border from El Paso, Texas. [http://www.juarez-mexico.com/ Juárez] is the major port of entry and transportation center of north central Mexico.

'''''Vaya con Dios, pendejo''''' 
Spanish: Go with God, asshole.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 588-614

2010-09-02T18:04:08Z

Bangorang: /* Page 610 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 588==

'''tannery''' 
In ancient history, tanning was considered a noxious or "odiferous trade" and relegated to the outskirts of town, amongst the poor. Indeed, tanning by ancient methods is so foul smelling that tanneries are still isolated from those towns today where the old methods are used.

'''Gottlob''' 
Literally "praise to God", as an exclamation also "Thank God!". Though it is rare, it is a real German name. 
Very much so: for example of mathematician/philospher Gottlob Frege, who did study at Göttingen, but not at this time.

'''Humfried''' 
A German translation of Humphrey. This was not an existing German name any time after the medieval, though.

'''Gauss's brain''' 
After Carl Friedrich Gauss died in 1855, his brain was preserved for research purposes. To this day, it is in the possession of the University of Göttingen. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Gauss]].

'''impervious to the wind''' 
(Attribute of tanned leather?)

'''''"Heiliger Bimbam!"''''' 
A German expression of surprise, translated elsewhere as "Holy Moly!"

'''It is she, she!''' 
probably an allusion to H. Rider Haggard's She. See Wikipedia entry. She has been purified by a pillar of fire. In ''Against the day'', she rises from the swamp. Carl Jung, who used the novel ''She'' (1887) as an example of anima, posited the anima is an archetypical form, expressing the fact that a man has a minority of female genes. Haggard's Queen Ayesha is an unmistakable anima type the ultimate guide and mediator to the inner world. The idea has also connections with the observations of James Frazer in his classical study ''The Golden Bough''. Haggard's idea of a journey into the "darkest Africa," which turns into a spiritual search, has been used by a number of writers, including Joseph Conrad in ''Heart of Darkness'' (1902). 
"My empire is of thy imagination", She says in the novel, "She". Cf. a line, [which I am checking] in "The Crying of Lot 49".

She is 'discovered' somewhere in unknown Africa by some British 'explorers' in a hidden kingdom, and she first appears in a sort of late 19th century private boudoir there. She came to that place via a complicated story some 2000 years earlier, and is of Yemenite origin, having come to the world in pretty much the normal fashion. Yashmeen seems indeed to be based on some fin-de-siecle imaginations of the 'ideal' woman (her looks in general, and the often mentioned streaming black hair of hers), but unlike Haggard's She, Yashmeen is rather powerless in the long run, despite her obvious erotic influence on the men and women in ATD. - Tommaso

:Powerless is a term worth lots of discussion here. [User: MKOHUT]

:It is certainly possible that the line is an allusion, but I think it may simply be a set-up to another goofy Pynchonian linguistic joke-- "Not 'chichi,' idiot..."

'''rim''' 
Kit pretends to think he's referring to monocle as 'chichi' (stylish).

'''Kovalevskaia''' 
Sofia Kovalevskaia, 1850-1891. Russian mathematician, in 1884 appointed professor in Stockholm. The third female professor in Europe ever. Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Sofia Kovalevskaia]] and (Wikipedia)

'''Roentgen-ray spectacles''' 
The X-ray glasses that used to be advertised in comic books.

'''''natürlich''''' 
German: naturally.

==Page 589==

'''Those curves are everywhere continuous but nowhere differentiable''' 
This is exactly a description of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weierstrass_function Weierstrass function] (1872), a pathological example of a real-valued function on the real line. This function was cited on page 594 by Yashmeen as one of the crises in mathermatics. Also see [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/WeierstrassFunction.html Weierstrass function from MathWorld] and Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 500|page 500:Karl Weierstrass]].

'''Those curves . . . ''Noli me tangere''''' 
A well-turned wordplay: The operation of differentiating a curve involves drawing ''tangents'' to it at selected points. The curves in question are continuous, but the injunction ''Noli me tangere'' means you can't draw the tangents.

:If a curve is nowhere differentiable then there will be no tangents anywhere. The curve is everywhere ''untouchable''.

'''''Noli me tangere''''' 
Latin for 'don't touch me'

or, in the immortal words of MC Hammer; "You can't touch this"

'''And is that a revolver you're carrying''' 
Implying, perhaps, an unvocalized "or are you just happy to see me?" Which would be in accord with Kit's reaction to the sight of a woman wearing a toque.

'''''Hausknochen''''' 
German: a giant housekey, as defined, literally House Bone,with perhaps a
double entendre on bone?

Also, slang for [http://www.russki-mat.net/page.php?l=DeFr&a=H penis].

==Page 590==

'''Hadamard... Poussin... Prime Number Theorem''' 
Jacques Hadamard and Charles de la Vallée-Poussin independently proved the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number_theorem prime number theorem] in 1896, relying on Riemann's Zeta function. The prime number theorem makes assertions about the distribution of prime numbers.

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Hadamard.html Jacques Hadamard] (1865-1963), a French mathematician best known for his proof of the Prime Number Theorem in 1896.

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Vallee_Poussin.html de la Vallée Poissin] (1866-1962), a Belgian mathematician best known for his proof (independently) of the Prime Number Theorem and his major work ''Cours d'Analyse''.

The Prime Number Theorem defied proof for several decades, and legend at the time had it that whoever did prove it would live forever. Examination of the dates of birth and death of both Hadamard and de la Vallée-Poussin show that this was not too far from the truth.

'''patent ''Kühlbox''''' 
''Kühlbox'' here just means "icebox" or "cooler." Refrigerators were available at the time of the action but not widely used, so an icebox is more likely. It's upstairs in Kit's room, so not necessarily portable.

"Patent," attached to a noun like [[ATD_429-459#Page_457|leather or pencil,]] could mean really, officially patented ''or'' novel and gimmicky. Patent medicines are sold under protected names but not genuine patents in most cases. So the icebox features some radical or distinctive design. My money's on asbestos insulation between the zinc sheets.

[http://www.dhm.de/datenbank/index.html?/datenbank/rb00/rb000891.html Pic of a ca. 1920 Eiskiste-model]. According to German Wikipedia, the mobile "Eiskiste" (icebox) had to be filled with (natural) ice, while its successor, the Kühlbox, worked/works with "Kühlaggregate" (cooling units). The contributor is not sure if suchlike were around at that time. German Wikipedia on [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiskiste Eiskiste] and [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BChlbox Kühlbox].

'''beleaguered subset''' 
a group (from the whole) under attack

'''That is, is it was ''some smile''''' 
Typo, for That is, it was ''some smile''.

'''Prime Number Theorem''' 
The Prime Number Theorem constitutes any number of equivalent statements concerning the distribution of prime numbers. Let ''π(n)'' be the number of primes that are less than ''n'', and let ''p''''n'' denote the ''n''th prime number. The Prime Number Theorem states that ''π(n) ~ n/ln(n)'' as ''n'' approaches infinity, or equivalently that ''p''''n'' ''~ n ln(n)''.

==Page 591==

'''prats''' 
Literally the buttocks. As a slang term, a 'prat' is an [[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day|idiot]].

'''''Die Nullstellen der ζ-Funktion''''' 
German: the zeroes of the ζ function. (Null = zero; Stelle = location.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function#Zeros_of_the_Riemann_zeta_function Wikipedia] on the "Zeros of the Riemann zeta-function".

'''not all that hard to prove''' 
Kit will upset the applecart if he can prove the Riemann Hypothesis; Yashmeen's research topic will shrink to triviality. No one has proved the Riemann hypothesis to the satisfaction of the mathematical community at large yet; eternal fame and a fat wad of money await he or she who does.

'''"Richard Harding Davis"''' 
Popular writer of fiction and drama, journalist/war-correspondent and a major male-role-model of his time (1864 - 1916). He was considered the model for illustrator Charles Dana Gibson's dashing Gibson man, the male equivalent of his famous Gibson Girl. He is also referenced early in Sinclair Lewis's book, ''Dodsworth'' as the example of an exciting, adventure-seeking legitimate hero. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Harding_Davis Wikipedia]. Among other things, he reported on Belgian atrocities in the Congo.

'''seldom, if ever''' 
Cf p559 re Umeki!?

'''tetralatry''' 
made up from greek "tettares" (prefix -tetra) = four and "latreia" = worship

'''C. Howard Hinton''' 
Charles Howard Hinton (1853 – 1907) was a British mathematician and writer of science fiction works titled ''Scientific Romances''. He was interested in higher dimensions, particularly the fourth dimension, and is known for coining the word ''tesseract'' and for his work on methods of visualising the geometry of higher dimensions. He also had a strong interest in theosophy. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Howard_Hinton Wikipedia Entry]

'''Johann K.F. Zöllner''' 
Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner (1834–1882) was a German astrophysicist. Studied Photometrie and optical illusions. He insisted a fourth dimension should be considered in Physics and tried to scientifically explain spiritist phenomena.

'''vogue... 'vague'''' 
Nice wordplay as Yashmeen seems to think the vogue of mysticism is not very precise, is 'vague' intellectually. Further play on "vague" = wave, as in an intellectual fad, e.g. in film, the French "Nouvelle Vague" (New Wave).

==Page 592==

'''upside-down triangles''' 
Also Pléiade p538. In mathematics that would be the operator ''del'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del Wikipedia]. Since pre-history and across most cultures the upside-down triangle is a symbol for the female (genitals).

Florian Cajori's ''A History of Mathematical Notations'' (v.2 p.135) states that the del (aka Hamiltonian operator) was introduced by William Hamilton in his 1853 lecture on Quaternions. Rumour has it that it is supposed to be a drawing of an ancient Hebrew harp (nabla). It is also known as the atled (backword delta).

This in turn suggests (within the context of AtD (atled??) a reversal of time or a mirror image of change.

'''screamingly obvious fallacy in this . . . "proof" of yours''' 
Yashmeen reacts in a slight panic to Kit's threat (page 591).

'''metallic banging''' 
Hausknochen on doors, with 'banging' entendre.

'''"metric interval"''' 
In Euclidean (three-dimensional) space a distance is just what you think it is. In other geometrical systems the term "metric interval" is preferred as a generalized distance.

'''social life is unpredictable''' 
mirrors the situation in the "Hotel Noctambulo", p. 462. Are all these guys "chums of chance"?

[Not sure about the "chums" idea, but more confusion between public and private space on pg. 155 -- Hunter Penhallow leaving the ruined city, presumably in a time machine: "At some point he must have come indoors, entering a sort of open courtyard....Without intending to, he was walking through inhabited rooms."]

'''Weenderstrasse '''
The main shopping street in Göttingen.

'''Prinzenstrasse and Weenderstrasse''' 
A street corner at the very center of Göttingen ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=g%C3%B6ttingen,+germany&ie=UTF8&om=1&z=17&ll=51.534284,9.935417&spn=0.006107,0.010793&t=h Google Maps]), "known to mathematicians here as the origin of the city of Göttingen's coordinate system". 
The intersection of these two streets is colloquial called "the navel". For visitors it is not that spectacular, but it's the number one meeting point for people who live in Göttingen before going to a cafe or pub. (I don't know, why we allways meet there, but we allways do!) So Pynchon definitley knows, why he compares this street corner with the origin of Göttingen's coordinate system. 
By the way, one of the oldest bookstores of Göttingen is situated right at the described corner of Prinzen- and Weenderstrasse.

==Page 593==

'''twenty marks''' 
A mark is short for deutschemark, a German monetary unit. 
That was the case after the Second World War, but the unit was just called the mark until at least the end of the empire. [http://www.thegoldcoinstore.com/WorldGold/German_Gold_20_Marks_Kaizer_Wilhelm_II.php Here] is a picture of a 20 mark coin from the period of the action.

'''''der Pistolenheld''''' 
German: the pistol hero. Meaning: the gunman. 'Pistolenheld' seems rather funny, the correct German word is: der Revolverheld.

'''automorphic functions and the Anharmonic Pencil''' 
[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AutomorphicFunction.html Automorphic Functions] are generalizations of trigonometric functions and elliptic functions.

Anharmonic Pencil see [[ATD_525-556#Page 532|page 532:Anharmonic Pencil]].

'''''das Nichtharmonischestrahlenbündel''''' 
Or ''das nichtharmonische Strahlenbündel.'' German: the anharmonic pencil. A "pencil" is the set of lines passing through a point.

'''Euler''' 
Leonhard Euler (pronounced Oiler; IPA [ˈɔʏlɐ]) (April 15, 1707 – September 7, 1783) was a Russian-German mathematician and physicist of Swiss descent. From Wikipedia and below:

Euler made important discoveries in fields as diverse as calculus, number theory, and topology. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. [1] He is also renowned for his work in mechanics, optics, and astronomy.

Euler is considered to be the preeminent mathematician of the 18th century and one of the greatest of all time.

'''Felix Klein''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Klein.html Felix Klein] (1849-1925), a German mathematician, best known for his work in non-Euclidean goemetry, for his work on the connections between geometry and group theory, and for results in function theory. Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 565|page 565:Felix Klein]].

'''''Mathematical Theory of the Top''''' 
Published in the U.S. in 1897. Compare Felix Klein and Arnold Sommerfeld, ''Über die Theorie des Kreisels,'' 4 volumes, 1897-1910.

'''Leopold Kronecker''' and '''Cantor''' 
[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Kronecker.html Leopold Kronecker] (1823-1891), a German mathematician, primary contributions were in the theory of equations. He made major contributions in elliptic functions and the theory of algebraic numbers.

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Cantor.html Georg Cantor] (1845-1918), a German mathematician. He founded set theory and introduced the concept of infinite numbers with his discovery of cardinal numbers. He also advanced the study of trigonometric series. (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 250|page 250:Dr. Cantor]]).

The "monumental quarrel between Kronecker and Cantor" is also referred to as a "religious war," appropriately enough. It's based in a disagreement over the legitimacy of numbers. Kronecker held that "'the positive integers were created by God, and all else is the work of man.'" This is contradicted by "'Cantor with his ''Kontinuum'', professing an equally strong belief in just those regions, infinitely divisible, which lie ''between'' the whole numbers so demanding of all Kronecker's devotion.'"

The disagreement between the two mathematicians is reminiscent of (or does it anticipate?) the rift between Pointsman and Mexico in ''Gravity's Rainbow''. Kronecker's integers "created by God" have become a Pavlovian digital binary for Pointsman, but the two oppositions track faithfully right down to the italicized "between."

"The young statistician [Mexico] is devoted to number and to method, not table-rapping or wishful thinking. But in the domain of zero to one, not-something to something, Pointsman can only possess the zero and the one. He cannot, like Mexico, survive anyplace in between. Like his master I. P. Pavlov before him, he imagines the cortex of the brain as a mosaic of tiny on/off elements.... But to Mexico belongs the domain ''between'' zero and one." [Page 55]

It should be noted, however, that the continuous number line was a modern innovation. In Greek number theory, a number is a collection of indivisible units. Irrationals, such as the square root of 2 are not numbers but "magnitudes." One is not even a number for it is not a number of units. There are no negative numbers as well. (see Klein's Greek Mathematical Thought and the Origin of Algebra.) So Kronecker's position may be less of a crazy innovation as much as a maintenance of ancient theory.

:That last paragraph makes an excellent point.

'''the square root of minus one''' 
The imaginary number ''i''. Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 133|page 133:Imarginary Number]].

'''the square root of ''plus two''' 
From Carl B. Boyer's ''A History of Mathematics'', 2nd Ed. 1991, pp.564 & 565): 
The domain of rational numbers can be extended to form a continuum of real numbers if one assumes Cantor-Dedekind axiom that the points on a line can be put into one-to-one correspondence with the real numbers. "Arithmetically expressed, this means that for every division of the rational numbers into two classes A and B such that every number of the first class, A, is less than every number of the second class, B, there is one and only one real number producing this ''Schnitt'', or . . . cut. If A has a largest number, or if B contains a smallest number, the cut defines a rational number; but if A has no largest number and B no smallest, then the cut defines an irrational number. If, for example, we put in A all negative rational numbers and also all positive rational numbers whose squares are less than 2, and in B all positive rational numbers whose squares are more than 2, we have subdivided the entire field of rational numbers in a manner defining an irrational number—in this case the number that we usually write as" ''suqare root of 2''. In fact, the squae root of ''plus two'' "can be defined simply as that segment or subclass of the set of rational numbers made up of all positive rational numbers whose squares are less than 2 and also of all negative rational numbers." —— This is what Kronecker did not believe.

'''''Kontinuum''''' 
This passage closely parallels the one about the "microcosm of Venice" on page 575.

==Page 594==

'''''Nervenklinik''''' 
German: nerve clinic. Three-dollar word for a mental hospital.

'''boundless epsilonic world''' 
Epsilon, Greek letter like E. In mathematics (particularly calculus), an arbitrary (or nearly so) small positive quantity is commonly denoted ε; see limit.
By analogy with this, the late mathematician Paul Erdős also used the term "epsilons" to refer to children (Hoffman 1998, p. 4). Wikipedia; of Huxley's five classes of citizens in ''Brave New World'' epsilons were purposely stunted physically and intellectually.

'''Der Finsterzwerg''' 
The choice of the tavern "The Dwarf of Darkness" may have been meant as a dig at five-foot-tall Kronecker.

'''chloral hydrate''' 
A/k/a "knockout drops" a/k/a a "Mickey Finn". Hence the ''Mickifest''. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloral_hydrate Wikipedia entry].

'''''Kneipe''''' 
German: pub

'''Gauss passing to Weber a remark''' 
Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß) (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and scientist of profound genius who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. Sometimes known as "the prince of mathematicians" and "greatest mathematician since antiquity", Gauss had a remarkable influence in many fields of mathematics and science and is ranked as one of history's most influential mathematicians. (Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 498|page 498:Gauss]].)

That influence is seen in the field of statistics where the Gaussian distribution (also known as the normal distribution, popularly known as the bell curve) is named after him. With its ability to correctly model "psychological measurements and physical phenomena" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution] and its resemblance to both the rainbow and the rocket's arc, there's no surprise Pynchon references it often in GR, even having Roger Mexico quote the formula as "an old saying among my people" (p.709, the Mexico quotation is actually some strange variant of the Normal distribution).

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber Wilhelm Weber] (1804-91), a noted German physicist. He studied magnetism with Gauss and in 1831, on the recommendation of Gauss, he was appointed as professor of physics at Göttingen. And in 1833 Gauss and Weber constructed the first electromagnetic telegraph. The SI unit of magnetic flux, the ''weber'', is named after him.

In 1831 Gauss developed a fruitful collaboration with the physics professor Wilhelm Weber; it led to new knowledge in the field of magnetism (including finding a representation for the unit of magnetism in terms of mass, length and time) and the discovery of Kirchhoff's circuit laws in electricity. Gauss and Weber constructed the first electromagnetic telegraph in 1833, which connected the observatory with the institute for physics in Göttingen. Gauss ordered a magnetic observatory to be built in the garden of the observatory and with Weber founded the magnetischer Verein ("magnetic club"), which supported measurements of earth's magnetic field in many regions of the world. He developed a method of measuring the horizontal intensity of the magnetic field which has been in use well into the second half of the 20th century and worked out the mathematical theory for separating the inner (core and crust) and outer (magnetospheric) sources of Earth's magnetic field

'''Göttingen . . . in the war with Prussia''' 
This refers to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_war Austro-Prussian War], (also called Seven Weeks' War), June 15–August 23, 1866, between Prussia, allied with Italy, and Austria, allied with Bavaria, Wüttemberg, Saxony (where Göttingen is located), Hanover, Baden and several other smaller German states. It was Bismarck's aim to expel, by force, Austria from the German Confederation as a step toward the unification of Germany under Prussian dominace.
:Göttingen is in Saxony now (specifically the state of ''Niedersachsen'' or Lower Saxony), but until 1866 it was an important city in the Kingdom of Hanover.

'''political crisis in Europe''' 
The period of 1870 to 1914 was characterized by the Anglo-German naval race and European powers - Germany, Italy, Belgium, Britain and France - scrambled for Africa. The major events in Europe were: 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War; 1905 Russian Revolution; 1908 Bosnia Crisis; 1911-12 Italian Turkish War; 1912-13 Balkan War; 1914 World War I began.

'''crisis in mathematics . . . Weierstrass functions, Cantor's continuum, Russell's inexhaustible capacity for mischief''' 
A genuine crisis as well-established ideas were challenged. Weierstrass functions have the unheard-of property that they are "continuous but nowhere differentiable." Cantor's ideas about the continuum violated a longstanding prohibition against infinite quantities. Bertrand Russell around this time was setting the cat among the pigeons by identifying paradoxes and inconsistencies in set theory and number theory.

'''"the infinite" was all but a conjuror's convenience''' 
There is a very good book relating how the infinite, between the 18th and early 20th centuries, finally found a place in mathematics: ''In Search of Infinity'' by N.Ya. Vilenkin (translated by Abe Shenitzer).

==Page 595==

'''That winter, in St. Petersburg . . . Hundreds were killed and wounded.''' 
22 Jan 1905, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_%281905%29 Bloody Sunday]. 

The event on January 22, 1905, ''Bloody Sunday'', was a watershed in the Russian history. 
Russia's armies were losing to the Japanese in the Far East. Her workers at home were challenging the rule of Romanov's Autocracy. At the beginning of 1905, the workers of ''Putilov Works'' of St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia, went on stike for better living and working conditions. They were joined by many from other factories. Father Gapon, a priest, urged the striking workers to present directly to the Tsar on January 22, 1905 a petition to seek justice and protection. They would beg Nicholas II to come to their aid. The morning of January 22 was very cold (about five degrees below freezing) and some 200,000 workers and their wives and children came peacefully and orderly carrying icons, portraits of Nicholas, and no revolutionary placards not even red handkerchiefs. To stop the workers' march upon the Palace Square barricades were set across several avenues that connected to the city center. At each of these points, soldiers tried to turn back the marchers and, at several of them, officers ordered to fire into the crowds. The worst slaughter took place on the Winter Palace Square itself, between 150 and 200 men, women, and children lay shot dead and another 450 to 800 had been wounded while the Cossacks charged into the dispersing crowds with sabers drawn. 
Bloody Sunday, as that tragic day soon became known, marked the beginning of what the Tsar's mother called the "year of nightmares", and the beginning of what many others called the "year of revolution". (Based on W. Bruce Lincoln's ''Romanovs'' (1981)).

'''Grand Duke Sergei''' 
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov (1857-1905) was the uncle and brother-in-law of Tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918, Reign: 1894-1917). In 1891 he was appointed as Moscow Governor General. In 1894 he also was a member of the State Council. He resigned from the Governorship on January 1, 1905 but continued as Commander of the Moscow military district. In the afternoon of February 17, 1905, in a carriage leaving the Kremlin Grand Duke Sergei was killed by a nitroglycerine bomb thrown by a Socialist Revolutionary terrorist directly into his lap. He was literally blown to bits and pieces. The assassination of Grand Duke Sergei signaled the beginning of a broader wave of popular unrest that had been sparked by the events of Bloody Sunday and swept the whole nation. Many more assassinations, strikes, disorders and uprisings followed during the year.
(Grand Duke Sergei's replacement, Shurvalov, was assassinated on July 11 of the same year.)

'''More strikes . . . peasant and military insurections . . . into the summer''' 
In January-February, turbulent reaction to Bloody Sunday spread across neighboring regions, especially the industrial centers which experienced spontaneous workers' strikes: Vilno, Kovno, Kiev, Moscow were paralyzed. In February-March the labor unrests reached Saratov Province and the Caucasus, and Siberia. Labor unrests were persistent throughout Russia into August. In early March university students left their classrooms, and at the end of the month the authorities closed down all the universities throughout the whole country for the rest of the academic year. (Student unrest even reached Orthodox seminaries.) 
In March, peasant unrests erupted widely, especially in Kursk, and Chernigov and Orel provinces and northwest regions of European Russia. In June, the Battleship ''Potemkin'' mutinied and in the Black Sea port city Odessa there was a large scale uprising by the sailors, soldiers, workers and ordinary citizens. On June 28 afternoon hundreds of protesters were killed on the Odessa Steps which was immortalized by the classic movie sequence in the 1925 Eisenstein's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Batlleship_Potemkin ''The Battleship Potemkin''] (considered by some one of the greatest films of all time). In summer widespread peasants' attacks on landowners' estates dramatically increased throughout Russia. The Peasant Union was organized at a secret August 13-14 Moscow conference.

'''Kronstadt''' 
Kronstadt was a naval fortress in the Gulf of Finland 18 miles west of St. Petersburg. Following the destruction of the Baltic Fleet by the Japanese in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) (Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318: The Russo-Japanese War]]) Kronstadt joined the general uprising which swept the whole Russian country. The first Kronstadt uprising on November 8-9, 1905, participated in by the majority of Kronstadt's 13,000 sailors and soldiers, was basically a large armed riot accompanied by liberal political demands. It lasted only two days. Kronstadt's second uprising took place in July 1906 but was brutally suppressed.

'''Sebastopol''' 
A port city of Russia (now, Sevastopol of Ukrain), located on the Black Sea coast of the Crimean peninsula west of Yalta. Sebastopol was associated with rebellion, mutiny and civil war. 
On June 27, 1905 the battleship ''Potemkin'' sailed from Sebastopol to Odessa and to mutiny against the ship's oppressive officers. The mutineers killed seven of the eighteen officers, including the Captain and the Second in Command. The ship eventually sailed to Romania and turned over to the authority there on July 7. (Sergei Eisenstein's ''The Battlehip Potemkin'' made her famous well beyond Russia.) 
On October 1, 1905, citizen of Sebastopol and sailors from the Black Fleet demonstrated in the city center demanding the authority to free political prisoners, etc, but were met with gun fire. Wide spread unrest and naval mutinies followed. In November the cruiser ''Ochakov'' led a rebellion joined by several other warships. The rebellion was eventually suppressed by a stronger government force a couple of months later.

'''Black Hundreds''' 
Anti-Semitic vigilantes.

The name was a derogatory one, adapted from the term "White Hundreds", which was used in medieval Russia for the privileged caste of nobles and wealthy merchants. The lower-class types who joined the Black Hundreds were not in this class hence their ironic nomenclature. It was formed in response to the October Manifesto by those who had either lost or were afraid of losing their petty status in the social hierachy as a result of modernization and reform. They blamed the Jews as the ultimate cuase for Tsar's retreat. Fighting revolution in the streets was their way of revenging themselves, a means of putting the clock back and restoring the social and racial hierarchy. (Based on Orlando Figes' ''A People's Tragedy'' (1996))

'''Japanese won''' 
The Japanese destroyed the bulk of the Russian Baltic Fleet in the Battle of Tsushima Strait on May 27-28, 1905. In ''GR'', the soon-to-be-defeated fleet puts in at German Southwest Africa during the 1904 Herero Revolt; Tchicherine's father, a sailor in that fleet, may also be the father of Enzian, leader of the Schwarzcommando.

By January 1905 the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo_Japanese_War Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)] had been going on in Manchuria for nearly a year. In the summer of 1904, the Russia's Pacific Fleet was bottled up inside Port Arthur (now, Lüshun, Liaoning, China) and the port was under siege as from August. In October, the Tsar sent the entire Baltic Fleet to relief the siege. At the beginning of 1905, Port Arthur finally fell after a siege and bombardment lasted 156 days. In March 1905 Russia and Japan fought the greatest land battle in the history up to then at Mukden (Shenyang, Liaoning). Each side committed more than 300,000 troops and over 1,000 pieces of artillery. After nearly one month's fighting both lost more than 50,000 killed and wounded, but the Russians withrew 40 miles to the north. After streaming halfway around the world in a grueling voyage of many months without adequate logistic support, on May 27 the Russian fleet met the waiting Japanese (under Admiral Togo) in the Tsuhsima Straits that separated Japan and Korea. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tsushima Battle of Tsushima Straits (May 27-28)] was one of the most decisive naval battles in history. Even though the Russians had more ships and more heavy guns, but within a few hours, they lost 8 battleships, 3 cruisers, 5 minelayers and 4 other ships. Four more battleship surrendered next day, and the Russian commanding admiral (Admiral Rozhdestvenskii) was also captured. The Japanese lost only a total of 3 torpedo boats. (Based on W. Bruce Lincoln's ''Romanovs'' (1981)). 
After two months' negotiation, the Russo-Japanese War officially ended with the signing of the Peace Treaty of Porstmouth (New Hampshire) on September 5, 1905.

'''A general strike in the autumn . . .''' 
In late September a printers' strike in Moscow was in progress for over a fortnight. By October 18 it seemed that the strike was losing steam. But on October 20 railroad workers struck the Moscow-Kazan Railway and the strike spread outward along all the railroad lines: to St Petersburg in the west, to Voronesh and Kharkov in the south; and by October 23 it had reached Siberia. Twenty-six thougsand miles of track were immobilized as 750,000 railroad employees struck. At this time much of European Russia was in the grip of one of the greatest and most effective general strikes in the history of labor protest anywhere in the world. All of Russia's industry ground to a halt, everyone stopped work. Factory workers, servants, postal workers, telegraph operators, janitors, and hackney drivers all walked off their jobs, as did bank clerks, shop clerks, and clerks in government office. Doctors, laywers, schoolteachers, university professors, even the entire corps de ballet of the great Imperial Mariinskii Theatre—all joined the strike. There were no newspapers, no streetlights, no tramcars . . . As all rail traffic stopped and telegraph line dead, Russia was isolated from the rest of the world. At the same time, the revolutionary groups organized a new body for coordinating the activities of the striking workers and for expressing their joint political and economic demands: the "St. Petersburg
''Soviet'' of Workers' Deputies". Many other Soviets were set up and developed later as alternate governing organizations. The name and organization ''Soviet'' (Russian word ''Sovet'' means council) took on a legendary meaning from then on and became historical. 
With the regime on the verge of collapse, in response, the Tsar, advised by the Prime Minister, issued the famouse ''October Manifesto'' on October 30, 1905, by which Nicholas granted to all Russian civil rights, agreed to summon a Duma (Parliament) elected by wide (though not universal) suffrage, and agreed that all laws must be approved by the Duma. In the meantime, on December 16, troops were sent to arrest some three hundred members of the St. Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies. The Revolution of 1905 in the Capital passed into history.

'''In December . . . another major uprising''' 
In Moscow, the Soviet of Workers' Deputies proclaimed a general strike for December 20. When the authorities moved to arrest the stike leaders, an armed uprising broke out. Barricades went up in workers' quarter of the city, and revolutionaries from St. Petersburg, Odessa, and elsewhere joined in the struggle. Nicholas dispatched elite troops with artillery which reduced the rebels' area to ruins. By December 31, the rebellion in Moscow was over. The number of killed and wounded totaled over a thousand.

'''In the East . . . up and down the railroad lines''' 
The Russo-Japanese War was officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth on August 23, 1905. In late summer there were numerous minor mutinies by troop returning from Manchuria on the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Fighting between the left and the right erupted on October 20 around Tomsk. On November 12, mutinous soldiers and sailors destroyed much of Vladivostok on the Pacific coast, the end of the Trans-Siberian. There were unrests and uprisings in Chita (November 29), Irkutsk (December 13), and Novorossiisk (December 22) as well.

'''Muslim rebellion''' 
The downfall of the Ottoman Empire by Turkey?

:No. In this whole paragraph Pynchon only factually describes the events in Russia and the Russian 1905 Revolution.

:Muslims in Central Asia (Kirghiz, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tadzhik, and others) had never been happy as pawns in the "Great Game" and now (1905) attempted to throw off Russian domination. Turkey, center of the Ottoman Empire, had its rebellion a few years later.

:The text said "'''''a''''' Muslim rebellion". Anyone knows this 1905 Muslim Rebellion in Russia?

'''the year that followed . . . Russians everywhere''' 
The well-known 1905 Revolution in Russian history was the beginning of the fall of the ''Old Regime''. The text "as the Revolution went collapsing" refered exactly to this one, not the February and October Revolutions in 1917. So "the year that followed" refered to 1906. In fact, Pynchon explicitly stated on page 602: "''By 1906'' there were Russians everywhere, . . ."

Soon after the collapse of the 1905 Revolution many Russians emmigrated abroad. They were 1) opponents to the Tsar regime feared of reprisal and backlash; 2) intelligentsia who were frightened by what just happened and afraid of a more violent upheaval in the future (Maxim Gorky, the writer, left Russia in the spring of 1906); 3) Jews, the victims of the large scale pogroms in 1905-06 (1964 Broadway musical ''Fiddler on the Roof'' told the story of how one Jewish family being forced to leave Russia in 1906); 4) youngsters who escaped the compulsory millitary service or looked for a quieter place for education. This was the second wave (1905-1917) of Russian emmigration. (1st wave: 1880-1905; 3rd: 1917-1939; 4th: 1945-1960; 5th: 1991-current).

'''as the Revolution went collapsing''' 
The first paragraph of this page is a factual description of the revolutionary events occured in Russia in 1905 which were later collectively called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revolution_of_1905 1905 Revolution]. It was the foreshock of that of 1917. It had all of Russia in its grip, and its outbreak had not been planned; it had simply grown spontaneously. It failed under the usual combination of repression and concessions. (see Richard Pipes' ''The Russian Revolution'' (1990)). In Soviet Marxist history 1905 Revolution is second only in importance to 1917 October Revolution, one of the most important revolutionary iconic events. (The 1917 Frebruary Revolution, the one actually overthrew the Tsar's Regime, was lightly mentioned because it was considered a ''bourgeois revolution''.) Numerous books, songs, poems, films . . . had been devoted to this Revolution. To the west the most memorable are the Eisenstein's silent film ''Battleship Potmekin'' (1925) and Shostakovich's ''Symphony No 11: The year 1905'' (1957).

'''Peter and Paul Fortress''' 
At St. Petersburg, established by Peter the Great. Political prisoners were confined there from the first half of the 1700s. Conditions were notoriously harsh.

'''kazatsky''' 
A Cossack dance, stereotypical Russian behavior.

'''raid....Waziristan''' 
Waziristan (Pashto: وزیرستان) is a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering some 11 585 km² (4,473 mi²). It comprises the area west and southwest of Peshawar between the Tochi River to the north and the Gomal River to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas. The North-West Frontier Province lies immediately to the east. The region was an independent tribal territory from 1893, remaining outside of British-ruled empire and Afghanistan. Tribal raiding into British-ruled territory was a constant problem for the British, eliciting frequent punitive expeditions between 1860 and 1945. Wikipedia

Currently, it is thought to be the last stronghold of Al Qaeda and Osama Bin Laden.

:Worth noting, perhaps, that Yashmeen came from Russia and had been ''transported'' to Waziristan for sale as a slave.

==Page 596==

'''as-ever transcendentally interesting hair''' 
(Perhaps a reference to Albert Einstein?)

Possibly, but given the numerous mentions of the Zeta function it is most likely a reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_numbers Transcendental Numbers]. These are irrational numbers that do not exist as the zero (or solution) to any algebraic function. A number of groundbreaking results regarding transcendentalism were made around the time the novel is set, and most if not all of the mathematicians and mathematical methods mentioned in the book revolve around transcendental numbers and functions.

Given that these numbers are often expressed as an infinite series, in which successive terms add ever-more-minuscule amounts to the value of the number, yet each digit is fascinatingly unique (since the decimal never repeats), it seems to me that Pynchon is suggesting that Yashmeen's hair has the quality of being endlessly fascinating, that even the observation of a single hair (or even a portion of a single hair) is involving and invigorating. This would mirror Kit's fascination and infatuation with Yashmeen, and the term would likely spring readily to the mind of a mathematician of the era.[[User:Dharper|Dharper]] 08:15, 16 January 2007 (PST)

'''. . . the Revolution''' 
Russian 1905 Revolution.

'''...it all finds its way back to the T.W.I.T. people....'''

"and what comes out of their shop can surprisingly often be trusted"

Suggestive of the CIA's Stargate Project in Remote Viewing

''''gen'''' 
British military slang for information. To gen-up is to learn quickly. OED gives earliest recorded use of the word as 1940.

'''a soul impaled . . . as if to bisect me''' 
Harks back to the fate of La Jarretière in ''V.''

'''Afghani dirhan''' 
An Afghani coin, more usually transliterated as "dirham". [http://ghaznavid.ancients.info/ This site] has pictures and more information.

'''Ghaznivid Empire''' 
Usually transliterated as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavid_Empire Ghaznavid Empire] (Wikipedia)

'''coffee scion''' 
Coffee motif. More likely: coffee heir.

'''Günther von Quassel''' 
"quasseln" is a German verb, meaning roughly "to jabber"

'''less than universally respected Ludwig Boltzmann''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann Boltzmann] proposed an explanation of thermodynamics based on the statistical behaviour of atoms, called the kinetic theory of gases, one of the most profound and far-reaching discoveries in the entire history of science. One baffling problem at the time was why macroscopic phenomena are not time-reversible but microscopic interactions are; any theory that purported to explain thermodynamics would have to address this breaking of the time-reversal symmetry. Boltzmann explained this by what he called the "molecular chaos assumption" (German 'Stosszahlansatz'), to which many objected as unfounded. (See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loschmidt%27s_paradox Loschmidt's paradox].) Hounded by his critics and already prone to bouts of depression, Boltzmann hanged himself.

==Page 597==

'''Gymnasium child''' 
A Gymnasium is a German secondary school

'''Some sort of ... steam-engine word''' 
Prior to Boltzmann, entropy was defined only by means of heat and temperature. Boltzmann gave the first statistical definition. [[Ludwig Boltzmann|Read his bio...]]

'''Except for the usual constants...''' 
This is Boltzmann's statistical definition of entropy and its discovery marked a watershed moment in physics. It is engraved on his tombstone.
[[Image:boltzmann.jpg|200px|thumb|Boltzmann's grave with his entropy formula inscribed|right]]

'''''Ach, die Zetamanie''''' 
German: Oh, the zeta-mania.

'''one measure of the chaos''' 
Via Boltzmann's definition, entropy can be interpreted as measuring the "chaos" or "disorder" in a physical system. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy Wikipedia Entry] 

Cf. p. 188, where Neville and Nigel are referred to as "the N's," and to the proliferation of N name in T.W.I.T. in general.

'''crime...narrative puzzle''' 
Hinting at Webb's role in the novel?

One of Pynchon's central themes and best depicted in The Crying of Lot 49 which can be read as a satire on the order of crime novels and a comment on the central order of narrative structures. Certainly ATD can be read as a vast extension on this theme. The chaos/ order binary has already been a introduced a couple of lines above.

Humfried's comment reiterates something Pynchon says in his essay 'Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?', in virtually the same words.

'''Göttingen tradition'''...'''statue''' 
Like other university towns, Göttingen has developed its own folklore. On the day of their doctorate, postgraduate students are drawn in handcarts from the Great Hall to the Gänseliesel-Fountain in front of the Old Town Hall. There they have to climb the fountain and kiss the statue of the Gänseliesel (Goose girl). This practice is actually forbidden by law, but the law is not at all enforced. She is considered to be the most-kissed girl in the world. Wikipedia.

Addendum of interest for GR and ATD.
Nearly untouched by allied bombing in World War II (the informal understanding during the war was that Germany wouldn't bomb Cambridge and Oxford and the allies wouldn't bomb Heidelberg and Göttingen).

'''Rathaus square''' 
The square in front of City Hall.

==Page 598==

'''Axioms of Zermelo''' 
The basic axioms of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zermelo-Frankel_set_theory#The_axioms Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory].

'''Poincaré''' 
Henri Poincaré (1854-1912), one of France's greatest mathermaticians and theorectical physicists. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9 Wikipedia]) His contributions to differential geometry would be integral in formulating Einstein's general theory of relativity. A conjecture he proposed in the 1890s remained unproven until 2006.

'''Cauchy''' 
Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789-1857), a French mathematician. Cauchy single-handedly invented most of complex analysis, largely as a means of evaluating certain improper integrals. His name was connected with many other mathematicians mentioned in ATD: Cauchy-Riemann equation, Cauchy-Frobenious lemma, Cauchy-Euler equation, Cauchy-Kovalevskaia theorem. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin_Louis_Cauchy Wikipedia])

'''Whittaker and Watson''' 
A standard mathematics textbook of the time ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whittaker_and_Watson Wikipedia])

'''two point one''' 
(Cf Sondheim lyric, "A Little Night Music" [http://lynxfeather.net/nest/lyrics/nightmusic-nowlatersoon.html lyrics].)

:I think here just point-by-point listing was being used: 1); 2); 2.1).

==Page 599==

'''Each time he would respond...''' 
Günther suffers from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativity_of_simultaneity "relativity of simultaneity"], as predicted by Einstein and further clarified by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Minkowski Minkowski]. Events detected as simultaneous in one reference frame may be detected as nonsimultaneous in another. Events may even change their order of occurrence in time, depending on the reference frame.

'''"What here is he ''doing?''" . . . "Obviously, we must now a duel fight."''' 
In keeping with his name (see p. 596 annotations), Günther speaks in a stage-German accent.

Because of relativity of simultaneity, Günther's direct object arrives in our reference frame before his verb. In physics, the effect is accentuated when motion is faster and the reference frames are farther apart, so perhaps Günther acts in this fashion when he's psychologically "distant" or "moving fast".

'''dueling-society cap''' 
Probably student corporation insignia.

'''inconvenience''' 
Obviously the name of the Chums' airship; whenever the word appears there seems to be a reference to the Chums; here: "...Here, not completely...slightly...somewhere else" as the airship always seems to be.

'''''Liebchen''''' 
German, "sweetheart"

'''''Egal was, meine Schatze''''' 
German, "No matter what, my darling" - though "meine Schatze" is an improper femininization, which ought to be "mein Schatz".

Meine Schatze literally means "my treasure" and is the term of endearment I used with my German girlfriend. She never mentioned it being "improper".

:"Meine Schatze" is definitely no German phrase, and it also sounds really strange to my (Austrian German) ears. "Meine Schätze" would be the plural, but that does not seem to make sense in this context. "Mein Schatz" instead would fit perfectly.

I'm thinking Yiddish, mebbe?

'''''Schläger''''' 
A specialized weapon for student duels. See Wikipedia's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_fencing Academic fencing] article.

'''Krummsäbel''' 
German, "scimitar".

'''Korbrapier''' 
A rapier with a basket ("Korb" in German) like protection hilt.

'''épée''' 
French for sword

A sharp-pointed duelling sword.

==Page 600==

'''Colt six-shooters''' 
I guess Kit's luggage beat him to Gottingen.

'''''Verbindung''''' 
German: connection, union. Here the student corps one belongs to.

'''upon the face of the other, ''to inscribe one's mark''''' 
In several of his movies, the actor Erich von Stroheim appeared with a nasty scar on the left side of his face. Dueling was a pastime of honor at some universities, and the sword scar was the mark of having sustained one's honor there. Special weapons, masks and inflaming treatments were employed to produce this lifelong disfigurement.

'''a Mexican tilde''' 
The wavy mark over the letter ñ in Spanish.

'''restoring moment, elastic constants''' 
Günther's scar is tilde-shaped because as his opponent's sword passed across his face it vibrated up and down once and returned to its starting position. The following would be a reasonable problem for a high-school physics student: If you know how fast the blade tip was traveling side to side and you're allowed to measure the scar, what was the frequency of the up-and-down motion? A second-year university physics student could work out the frequency of vibration given certain properties of the sword and swordsman. A ''restoring moment'' acts to swing the blade back to its mean position when it is deflected; the duelist's wrist exerts one restoring moment and the elasticity of the steel exerts a second one. The restoring moment depends in part on a number called ''elastic constant'' that relates force to linear deflection (think of the classic fisherman's scale, where more weight extends the spring farther).

'''wasn't going to converge . . . skipped a step . . . ''divided by zero''''' 
Kit insults Günther by pointing out blunders in the proof he gave to Yashmeen.

'''Geheimrat Hilbert''' 
German: confidential counsellor. A title of honor given to prominent civilian figures in Germany. For Hilbert Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page 324:Dr. Hilbert]].

==Page 601==

'''''Ehrenkodex''''' 
German, "code of honor"

'''Tyrolean hats''' 
[http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=tirolerhut&btnG=Search+Images Images]

'''''Schnurrbartbinde''''' 
A device to keep one's mustache safe from entanglement when sleeping, like [http://www.volkskrantblog.nl/pub/mm/2006/01/1137360569.70341.gif this].

'''Zeiss "Palmos Panoram"''' 
An early panoramic camera, mentioned in the 1911 Britannica's [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Photography Photography] article.

'''''"Auf die Mensur!"''''' 
German, "to the duel"

'''Andaman Islands''' 
[http://www.openencyclopedia.net/index.php/Andaman_Islands Here]'s a mention of tattooing practices in the Andaman Islands

'''Stephanie du Motel... group-theory godfather Évariste Galois''' 
Évariste Galois died in a duel at the age of 20. Though much confusion surrounds the affair, it is suspected that he provoked the duel after being rejected by one Stéphanie-Felice du Motel. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evariste_Galois#Final_days Wikipedia])

==Page 602==

'''By 1906 there were Russians everywhere, flown and fleeing westward''' 
Cf [[ATD_588-614#Page 595|page 595:the year that followed . . . Russians everywhere]]. fleeing westward: most popular destination for Russian refugees was then France, later America.

'''young Ouspensky''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Uspensky Peter D. Ouspensky] (1878-1947), Russian mystic and philosopher, author of ''The Fourth Dimension'', appropriate to Pynchon's themes in ''ATD''.

An anachronism: Ouspensky's ''The Fourth Dimension'' wasn't published until 1909. (See Linda Dalrymple Henderson's ''The Fourth Dimension and Non-Euclidean Geometry in Modern Art''.)

'''Theosophoid''' 
A Pynchonism. From Theosophist Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page 219|page 219:Madame Blavatsky, Theosophical Society]]. the suffix "oid" often used in mathematics, indicates a "similarity, not necessarily exact, to something else". (android: similar to a man, ovoid: similar to an egg, etc.) As it is explained in the next sentence, "That's a Theosophist, only not entirely". Fitting, in a book that is obsessed with doppelgängers and people who are at once themselves, but not quite (see the transformations of Dr. V Ganesh Rao)

'''Chong''' 
A strange and seemingly unlikely visitor to Göttingen. The name might be taken from the Chinese philosopher Wang Chong, or Wang Ch'ung. Could also be Cheech Marin's partner, Tommy Chong (C.Marin alluded to earlier p.477). - This is Sidney Reilly, a famous spy of the time, in disguise. See the note on Sidney below.

'''"The what?"''' 
(Precipitous drop in authorial expectations?)

'''Chinese Bolshevik''' 
Chinese Communist. For the true meaning of Bolshevik Cf [[ATD_615-643#Page 616|page 616:Bolshevists]]

'''Sidney . . . Kensington Sid''' 
Kensington is where elected officials worked. 

This is Sidney Reilly, the famous Ace of Spies. The reference is made clear by Swome on page 630, and, to the extent that any appearance here makes sense, a spy makes more sense than a political theorist. An annotation on page 630 includes a Wikipedia reference for Reilly. I don't know whether Reilly (or British spies of the day in general) had a particular association with Kensington, or whether the reference is to Chunxton Crescent, which is placed in roughly that part of London.

'''transtriadic''' 
Beyond the three.

==Page 603==

'''"Spiritual... At Göttingen?"''' 
Gottingen is materialistic. Preserved brains as like in a tannery.

'''Applied Mechanics Institute''' 
An institute of the University of Göttingen

'''Prandtl's recent discovery of the boundary layer''' 
Ludwig Prandtl ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Prandtl Wikipedia]) in 1904 developed the theory of the boundary layer, the thin region in an otherwise inviscid fluid around a bluff body where the effect of viscosity is important. Prandtl's work resolved an old paradox ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Alembert%27s_paradox d'Alembert's paradox]) that had plagued fluid dynamics for a half-century. Prandtl was an engineer and was in large part seeking a way to perform correct and simple calculations for fluid flows around airfoils.

'''powered flight . . . at the edge of history''' 
In 1905 already a reality, but the pioneering empirical work was taking place in Ohio, not Germany.

This is an excellent point that applies to many of the mathematicians mentioned in this chapter.
Minkowski invented spacetime, but Einstein created Relativity Theory. Hilbert proved his Spectral Theorem, but Heisenberg and Schrodinger created Quantum Mechanics. History was being made elsewhere. Cf Yashmeen's rant on page 594.

'''brambled guttie''' 
A proto golf-ball, see [http://www.che.rochester.edu/users/dafoster/ChE243/SciAm%20GolfBall.pdf here].

'''Bürgerstrasse''' 
German, "Citizen's Street", a street in Göttingen.<bre>
This translation is correct but here "Bürger" refers to the German poet Gottfried August Bürger (1748 - 1794) who lived in Göttingen.

'''brambling''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brambling Brambling] (''Fringilla montifringilla'') is a finch related to chaffinches, and is plumed orange, black, and white. Widespread in northern Europe and Asia, it occasionally strays to Alaska and farther south.

'''Brauweg''' 
German, "Brewery Way", a street in Göttingen.

'''Zhukovsky's Transformation''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joukowsky_transform Joukowsky Transform] maps the unit circle in the complex plane to a shape very much like an airfoil.

'''Geheimrat Klein ''' 
Geheimrat = Privy councillor. 
In geometry, the Klein model, also called the projective model... is a model of n-dimensional hyperbolic geometry in which the points of the geometry are in an n-dimensional disk, or ball, and the lines of the geometry are line segments contained in the disk; that is, with endpoints on the boundary of the disk. 

'''glass of tea''' 
(Why not 'cup'?)
because in Europe, as opposed to in England, tea may be drunk from glassware.

'''draw pictures . . . flights of arrows . . . vectors without pictures''' 
Vectors can be visualized as arrows in a plane or three-dimensional space; more generally they can be represented as arrays of coefficients, and now they are not limited to three dimensions.

'''''"...according to Spectral Theory, up to infinity." "And beyond, " added Gunther, nodding earnestly.''''' 
Reference to Buzz Lightyear's stock character phrase in 1995's TOY STORY (Pixar/Disney):
"To Infinity... and Beyond!"
--[[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 07:43, 19 December 2006 (PST)
:This reminded me of the caption "Jupiter and Beyond the Infinite" in the movie ''2001: A Space Odyssey''. [[User:WolfgangFaber|WolfgangFaber]] 07:44, 10 October 2008 (PDT)

'''according to Spectral Theory, up to infinity''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page 324:Spectral Theory]] and [[ATD_318-335#Page 324|page 324:''infinite'' dimensions]].

==Page 604==

'''nontrivial zeroes''' 
The Riemann zeta function has two classes of zeros, the trivial zeroes being at negative even integers (-2, -4...), the non-trivial complex numbers, believed (but not proven) to have Re(z)=1/2. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis Wikipedia]. or Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 496|page 496:Zeta function conjecture]].

'''much-noted talk''' 
At the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris, Hilbert proposed a research programme of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s_problems#Tabulated_information 23 problems]. The Riemann hypothesis is number 8 on the list.

'''Sorbonne''' 
Until 1971, the name ''Sorbonne'' refered to the historic University of Paris in Paris, France, one of the best universities in France. The name is derived from the ''Collège de Sorbonne'', founded in 1257 by Robert de Sorbon as one of the first significant colleges of the medieval University of Paris; the university itself as such predates the college by about a centure. In 1971, after the univeristy reforms, the five faculties of the former University of Paris were split and then reformed into thirteen interdisciplinary universities. Three of them as true "heirs" to the original, have kept the Sorbonne name as part of their official title: Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), the New Sorbonne, and the Panthéon-Sorbonne. [http://www.paris4.sorbonne.fr/en/sommaire.php3 The University of Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV)] was the inheritor of the former University of Paris' Arts and Sciences Faculties.

'''the outstanding problems in mathematics''' 
Hilbert's Problems are 23 (originally) unsolved problems in mathematics proposed by Hilbert. Of the 23 total appearing in the printed address, 10 were actually presented at the Second International Congress of Mathematics at the Sorbonne, Paris on August 8, 1900. [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HilbertsProblems.html Hilbert's Problems] were designed to serve as examples for the kinds of problems whose solutions would lead to the furthering of disciplines in mathermatics. As such, some were areas for investigation and therefore not strictly "problems".

'''eigenvalues''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalue Wikipedia] Dudley Eigenvalue, D.D.S., was a character in ''V.''

'''Hermitian operator''' 
A Hermitian operator is a particular type of linear operator on vector spaces that in essence only acts by stretching or reflecting along certain directions. In quantum mechanics, an observable is a Hermitian operator on the Hilbert space that is taken as the state space of the quantum system. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitian_operator Wikipedia]

'''spine of reality . . . ''"Rückgrat von Wirklichkeit"''''' 
Probably a reference to the main diagonal of a Hermitian matrix, which can contain only real numbers. The German phrase is one accurate way to translate the English.

:are there any others? Translate the German back to English and you get "backbone of reality"

'''Hilbert-Polya Conjecture''' 
The conjecture that the zeroes of the Riemann function would be the eigenvalues of a Hermitian operator, just what Yashmeen is suggesting. 

The most recent refinement of the Hilbert-Polya Conjecture [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert–Pólya_conjecture Wikipedia] is that the operator in question arises from the quantization of a chaotic dynamical system. The zeroes would then correspond to the possible energy levels of the system. This would answer Hilbert's prompt to Yasmeen "''some'' equation" on this page, and would provide the link between prime numbers and chaos intuited by Gunther on page 597.

==Page 605==

'''Vance Aychrome''' 
The voracious detective is a stock figure in the mystery genre (Nero Wolfe, Mycroft Holmes, Inspector Dover, D.C.I. Dalziel and others). 
Is his name pronounced Eye Chrome, as in private eye? Weak possible connection?-- a truck light called Big Eye Chrome. The name sounds like 'fancy chrome.' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philo_Vance Philo Vance] is an effete fictional detective created by S. S. Van Dyne in the 1920's. Vance Aychrome, as depicted by Pynchon, seems quite different from Philo Vance.

'''Full English Breakfast''' 
Bacon, eggs, tomato, toast... otherwise known as a fry-up.

'''Pythagorean dietary''' 
The Greek philosopher Pythagoras, who lived towards the end of the 6th century BC, was a prominent proponent of vegetarianism. The Pythagorean diet came to mean an avoidance of the flesh of slaughtered animals. Pythagorean ethics first became a philosophical morality between 490-430 BC with a desire to create a universal and absolute law including injunctions not to kill "living creatures," to abstain from "harsh-sounding bloodshed," in particular animal sacrifice, and "never to eat meat." (From a review of ''The Heretics Feast: a History of Vegetarianism'' by Colin Spencer, University Press of New England, 1995)
 
and never to eat beans (strange but true).

'''kippers and bloaters''' 
Different words (both Scottish) for smoked herrings

'''baps''' 
soft bread rolls - another Scottish word

'''Spong machine''' 
Appropriate technology. An English-made hand-cranked coffee grinder that doesn't light up, lacks a readout to tell when the beans are ready, and signally fails to function before the user wakes up. Only drawback is that some spouses compare its sound to half a load of cobbles being dumped on the roof.

'''thinned''' 
From full 78. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot Wikipedia]

'''vegetarian haggis''' 
It exists: [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22vegetarian+haggis Google search]

==Page 606==

'''Lamont Replevin''' 
"Replevin" is a legal term for a form of civil action to recover possession of property being wrongfully held by another.

'''Elflock Villa''' 
Elflock: A lock of hair tangled as if by elves. Often used in the plural.

'''Stuffed Edge, Herts''' 
An imaginary village in the South-East English county of Hertfordshire. Stuffed hedge?

'''kedgeree''' 
A hot breakfast dish of fish, rice, and eggs.

'''Cesare Lombroso''' 
Anthropologist who devised a method of identifying criminal "types" from their facial structures. (Cf [[ATD_171-198#Page 172|page 172: Dr. Lombroso]]).

Brock Vond, Pynchon's villain in ''Vineland'', is also a follower of Lombroso's theories. Cf. page 272-273 of ''Vineland''.

'''Trans-Oxanian''' 
From the other side of the Oxus River (now Amu-Darya) in Central Asia. Cf. [[ATD_429-459#Page 439|page 439:the Oxus]].

'''Graeco-Buddhist''' 
The hybrid cultural background evidenced in Shambhala. Greco-Buddhism, sometimes spelled Graeco-Buddhism, is the cultural syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 800 years in Central Asia in the area corresponding to modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan, between the 4th century BCE and the 5th century CE. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Buddhism Wikipedia] and Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page 438|page 438:Graeco-Buddhist]].

'''bad hats''' 
A bad hat is a slang term for a rascal

==Page 607==

'''Gas Office''' 
As explained in the text, the Scotland Yard bureau that kept gas communications under surveillance.

'''communication by means of coal-gas''' 
Cf Nabokov's "Ada". Also inverse of Tesla's energy-transmitter. A parallel to the Tristero, too. The description of communication by gas seems like a self-parody of ''The Crying of Lot 49.''

'''bombs... Suffragettes''' 
(Did they bomb post offices?!?)post boxes:Suffragettes carried out direct action such as chaining themselves to railings, setting fire to the contents of mailboxes, smashing windows and on occasions setting off bombs. Wikipedia

'''Persian''' 
Majority language in Iran, now called Farsi.

'''Pashto''' 
A language spoken in Afghanistan and nearby.

'''Tadjik''' 
A language spoken in Tadjikistan. "Mountain Tadjik" presumably dominates in the 60% or so of the country that is in high mountains.

'''Seven Dials''' 
In Covent Garden, London - a place where 7 roads meet. An unsavory assignment for a policeman.

==Page 608==

'''"Avoid beans"''' 
Pythagoreans follow a proscription against eating beans.

'''spotted dick''' 
A suet pudding with raisins or currants

'''Yarmouth bloater''' 
A cured herring from the port town of Yarmouth.

'''...if not for these unauthorized dilettantes all pottering about...''' 
Oddly reminiscent of the villains' perennial complaint in the old "Scooby-Doo" cartoons.

'''queering the pitch''' 
[http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/297387.html Disrupting someone's business;] compare [[ATD_748-767#Page_758|"yakitori pitches," p. 758.]]

''''shape'''' 
a doughnut,which comes in various shapes? Including the math-relevant
shape: a torus. But probably just a bit of bun, scone, etc. listed as Vance's breakfast...no doughnut listed.

'Shape' is another word for blancmange, which is made of gelatin, derived probably from the bones of some animal. Aychrome wonders "what's it made of", to which Lew responds "Maybe you don't want to know." [[User:Nehoccramcire|Nehoccramcire]] 09:14, 12 March 2007 (PDT)

'''the Embankment''' 
Victoria Embankment, London, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_yard Scotland Yard] was located there from 1890 to 1967. Scotland Yard was founded on September 29, 1829, on a street off Whitehall; and in 1967 it moved to the present location at 10 Broadway Street, London.

'''blue lamps''' 
Traditionally hung outside police stations in England.

'''lamé surfaces''' 
Lamé (fabric), a fabric inwoven metallic threads 
Lamé, name of the electrically conductive jacket worn by foil and sabre fencers 
Lamé (armor), an unarticulated component of a larger piece of armor 

'''yarmulke... high crown... dented Trilby style''' 
[http://www.wpclipart.com/clothes/hats/index.html Image of a Trilby hat.]

==Page 609==

'''Bukhara''' 
Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 425|page 425:Bukhara]]

'''''Kelly's Suburban Dictionary''''' 
The peerless [http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/10/22/design360.icon.az/index.html ''London A to Z''] did not come along until the 1930s.

'''wenlets''' 
Politician and journalist William Cobbett (1763-1835) called London "the great wen." It was not a compliment, because ''wen'' means a sebaceous cyst. Wenlets are small versions of the "great" wen.

==Page 610==

'''daylight oil''' 
from the streetlamps, lit up for hours?

'''a moon no one could see''' 
Note that the ''Inconvenience'' is repeatedly referred to as a "moon" ([[ATD_119-148#Page_144|p. 144,]] [[ATD_171-198#Page_187|p. 187]]) and is sometimes seen under other guises ([[ATD_199-218#Page_215|p. 215,]] [[ATD_243-272#Page_272|p. 272]]).

'''refused to dim''' 
(Nicely vivid.)

'''Vontz's Universal Pick''' 
Vontz (Yiddish): bedbug.

'''alchemized coke''' 
Gas works that manufacture syngas also produce coke as an end product, called gas house coke.

Fluid coking is a process by which heavy residual crude is converted into lighter products such as naptha, kerosene, heating oil, and hydrocarbon gases. The "fluid" term refers to the fact that coke particles are in a continuous system versus older batch coking technology. Wikipedia

'''Lincrusta-Walton''' 
an embossed fabric used for covering walls, invented in 1877 by Frederick Walton as an alternative to more expensive wallpapers (wikipedia).

'''hipshot''' 
having one hip lower than the other: a Greek statue in hipshot pose.M-W.

'''captive maiden''' 

In ''The Crying of Lot 49'', Oedipa Maas is referred to as a "captive maiden" in the scene where she's standing in front of the Remedios Varo painting. It would
certainly be worth while to examine the parallels more closely.

I'm not trying to be a negative Nelly but honestly I don't see the connection. That captive maiden is more chaste and Rapunzal-like, not a bondage enthusiast. While I don't think this statue is being referred to specifically, what Pynchon probably has in mind is something like a decadent twist on Hiram Powers' The Greek Slave. A naked Christian lady captured by turks and sold on the open market and, boy, did those repressed Victorians love to sentimentalize this horrific subjugation.

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Greek_Slave?wasRedirected=true

'''scalene polygons''' 
Polygons with sides of unequal length.

'''jet''' 
jet black, a color.

'''Apotheosis Sparkless Torch''' 

==Page 611==

'''magnalium''' 
An alloy of magnesium and aluminum.

'''Lamont Replevin (for it was he)''' 
Formula from penny-dreadful literature: Open the chapter with an unknown character (referred to ahead of time but never yet making an appearance), describe looks and some little action, then spring the name on the reader.

'''''The Slow and the Stupefied''''' 
Daytime soap 'The Young and the Restless'.

'''gas-head''' 
Cf pothead, acidhead, etc.

'''Pike's Peak''' 
Lew's old stompinground.

'''Gus Swallowfield''' 
A curious pseudonym assumed by Lew Basnight while in the presence of Lamont Replevin. As Mr. Swallowfield, Lew professes to be an insurance salesman. The name is very overtly British and is possibly referential to the Swallowfield estate in Berkshire, which itself has a curious history.

'''most theft policies''' 
(Fact?)

'''pantechnicon''' 
A closed van or carryall. (Is TRP trying to put a burr under S. Weisenburger's saddle by bringing this vehicle back? SW's gloss in the ''GR Companion,'' at page 19 of the Viking edition, is famously wrong.) 

Pantechnicon can mean either a furniture warehouse (originally a bazaar) or a removal van. The reference in GR to "the piano in the pantechnicon" is therefore ambiguous. TRP might say that he meant a van, not a bazaar, but that would not mean that SW was wrong. Just that SW and TRP had different readings of the novel. And the author's reading does not necessarily have primacy.

This assertion is generally debateable and in the case of TRP his conscious intentions in his fully thought out novels carries a lot of primacy most of the time, most might argue. This wiki attests to that.

:Lots of people would say the wiki is wrong then. You can discover sources and you may be able to parse processes (rewrites, selection of information), but the author's intentions are not accessible; only the work is. Therefore (and so on and so forth). A philosophical question and probably not wiki-able.

'''legitimate bill of sale''' 
That is, a stolen object with a stolen bill of sale cannot be proved to be stolen; the thief has the receipt.

'''burglary insurance''' 
Although TRP writes that most theft policies were written in the US by the time Lew speaks to Replevin, the first burglary policy was in fact offered by Cuthbert Heath, an Underwriter at Lloyd's, London in about 1889, which would seem to be a few years earlier than the scene. Antony Brown, ''Cuthbert Heath'' ( David & Charles, New Abbot London 1984)at pages 72-76. [[User:TheKenoshaKid|TheKenoshaKid]] 15:52, 9 March 2008 (PDT)

==Page 612==

'''''Pavonazzetto''''' 
brecciated white marble with violet veins from Docimia, Asia Minor.

'''Phrygian marble''' 
Phrygia is an ancient region of west central Asia Minor, to the south of Bithynia. Marble from there was highly valued.

'''Atys... Agdistis''' 
From Greek and Roman mythology. Atys (or Attis) is a young lover of the goddess Cybele (also known as Agdistis in Phrygia). When he wished to marry, Cybele drove him mad and he castrated himself. Catullus wrote a poem on the subject.

'''''The Mutilation of Atys''''' 
No images: [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&lr=&q=%22Mutilation%20of%20Atys&btnG=Search&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wi Google image search]

But under the name Attis, this two-panel sequence: [http://www.aztriad.com/aacarati.html page 1,] [http://www.aztriad.com/aacatals.html page 2,] from "Seladore's Historical Cartoons." And [http://paxnortona.notfrisco2.com/?p=2332 a photo] of what appears to be an old statue of Attis.

'''Arturo Naunt, Chelsea's own, shocking the bourgeoisie since 1889''' 
Phrasing reminiscent of advertising.

'''shocking the bourgeoisie''' 
A popular pastime for young and not-so-young soi-disant radicals ("Epater le bourgeois").

'''koumiss vessel''' 
A container for fermented horse's milk. Perhaps like this one:
[http://studentorgs.utexas.edu/husa/origins/szkitahist/scythianvessel.html]

According to the OED, an early form of the word 'koumiss' was 'cosmos' - its appearance here doesn't seem coincidental given the short disquisition on the etymology of 'chaos' soon to follow. For the Greeks 'cosmos' was the antithetical concept to 'chaos'. Pythagoras is said to be the first to apply the original meaning of 'cosmos', i.e., 'an orderly arrangement' to the universe itself.

'''depending on the angle you hold it at, sometimes it doesn't look like anything at all''' 
A concise description of anamorphic and paramorphic images; this one needs the Paramorphoscope to interpret it.

'''wrathful deities from Tantric Buddhism''' 
Tantric Buddhism is also known as Varjayana Buddhism. In Varjayana Buddhism, a dharmapāla (Tibetan drag-gshed) is a type of wrathful deity. The name means "Dharma-defender" in Sanskrit, and the dharmapalas are also known as the Defenders of the Law (Dharma) or the Protectors of the Law in English.
In Buddhist iconography, they are invariably depicted as fearsome beings, often with many heads, hands or feet; blue, black or red skin; and a fierce expression with protruding fangs. Though dharmapalas have a terrifying appearance, they are all bodhisattvas or buddhas- embodiments of compassion that act in a wrathful way for the sake of sentient beings.Wikipedia

==Page 613==

'''tiny German hand camera''' 
Probably a Zeiss Ikon. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeiss Wikipedia Entry]

A Zeiss Ikon would be an anachronism, as this company was created as a merger in 1926.

The description somehow suggests the classic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minox Minox] "spy cameras", but also these were created only in the 1930ies (originally in Latvia, mass production in Germany).

A small German camera matching the time would be [http://www.camerapedia.org/wiki/Gnom Gnom], a version of which was also sold in the UK.

'''raw light''' 
light from a gaslight is not 'artificial' as from electric lights, streetlamps, etc. Cf. Telleruide section.

'''Gasophilia''' 
Love of gas.

'''Schwärmer''' 
The name is a German word meaning visionary, zealot, raver.

'''Waves in a timeless stream of Gas''' 
Replevin equates piped gas to the æther.

'''Sensitive Flame''' 
A burner flame adjusted so that it responds to the tiniest disturbance in the
air. Used by both physicists and spiritualists.

'''cognizant nose...medium for the most exquisite poetry'''

see Proust

'''Chidambaram''' 
A city in south India and Chidambaram is one of the Panchabhoota Sthalams - temples built for the 5 elements said to embody Shiva - at Chidambaram (space), Kalahasti (wind), Thiruvanaikaval (water), Tiruvannamalai (fire) and Kanchipuram (earth).

'''''Akaša''''' 
Akasa is the fifth element,the ether, unseen and invisible but an important element permeating the whole universe. It is also considered
to be indentical with Brahma, the creator..... 
Akasa is 'simple,continuous infinite substance and is the substratum of sound.' Both from Indian Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1999.

Occultist Eliphas Levi associated akasa with what he called the "Astral Light". He writes: "[T]his electromagnetic ether, this vital and luminous caloric (Perhaps this explains Pynchon's insistence on the term "luminiferous aether"?), is represented on ancient monuments by the girdle of Isis which twines round two poles and in ancient theogonies by the serpent devouring its own tail, emblem of prudence and of Saturn" -- emblem of infinity, immortality, and Kronos -- 'Time'". He says it is "a force in Nature," by means of which "a single man who can master it... might throw the world into confusion and transform its face"; for it is the "great Arcanum of transcendent Magic." It is a "blind force... which souls must conquer in order to detach themselves from the chains of Earth; 'for if they should not,' they will be absorbed by the same power which first produced them and will return to the central and eternal fire."

It gets better... He writes: "It is through this Force that all the nervous centres secretly communicate with each other; from it -- that sympathy and antipathy are born; from it -- that we have our dreams; and that the phenomena of second sight and extra-natural visions take place... Astral Light, acting under the impulsion of powerful wills, destroys, coagulates, separates, breaks, gathers in all things... God created it on that day when he said: Fiat Lux..." He refers to akasa/Astral Light variably as "the body of the Holy Ghost", the "grand Agent Magique", "Lucifer" and "Baphomet", the winged-goat figure that served as the inspiration for the Devil Tarot card designed by Colman-Smith. [http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sd/sd1-1-12.htm From Madame Blavatsky's "The Secret Doctrine"][http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sd/sd2-2-06.htm Más]

[http://laluni.helloyou.ws/askbaba/prasnottaravahini/prasnottara01.html This page] also equates akasa with the ether and sez that "each subsequent element originated from the previous one" with akasa being the first, similar to the Kaballic Tree of Life.

'''Atman''' 
''Sanskrit''. In Hinduisim, the innermost essence of each individual. Also, the soul. ''Cf.'' Weed Atman in ''Vineland''.

''''''Chaos'''''' 
allusion is seems to Genesis. "Chaos" is in fact the Greek word [for without form and void], says this site.
"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth
And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
And God said, Let there be light; and there was light.
And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness."
-- Genesis 1: 1-4 (KJV)

'''van Helmont''' 
He claimed to have coined the word "gas" in just the way described here.

'In his "Physica" (1633), the Rosicrucian alchemist Jan Baptist van Helmont, wrote: "Ad huc spiritum incognitum Gas voco," i.e., "This hitherto unknown Spirit I call Gas." Further on in the same work he says, "This vapor which I have called Gas is not far removed from the Chaos the ancients spoke of."' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astral_light#Esoteric_conceptions wiki]

'''stridently unpopulated''' 
Cf p610.

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 557-587

2010-09-01T00:12:01Z

Bangorang: /* Page 585 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 557==

'''Viktor Mulciber''' 
Well, no benign associations with "Mulciber"! Mulciber is an alternative name of the Roman god Vulcan, the god of fire and volcanoes, and the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, and armor for gods and heroes. Mulciber is also the name of a character in John Milton's ''Paradise Lost'', the architect of the demon city of Pandemonium. When Pynchon was alluded to on The John Larroquette Show [80s or 90s], the book he was said to be working on was called ''Pandemonium of the Sun''. 
In the Harry Potter books, Mulciber is a Death Eater, a minor Dark Wizard.

'''bespoke''' 
made to order, hence hand-made and expensive. Somewhere in the novel is a reference to 1 Savile Row, the address of Gieves and Hawkes, a very traditional English tailor.

'''Basil Zaharoff''' 
Sir Basil Zaharoff, originally Zacharias Basileios, (1849, Muğla, Turkey - 1936, Monte Carlo, Monaco) was a Greek arms trader and financier, the director and chairman of the Vickers munitions firm during World War I [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaharoff_Basil]. He also turns up as an international arms dealer in Reilly, Ace of Spies.

In addition to the arms-dealing and being semi-fictionalized, Zaharoff is also notable for bribing the Japanese Admiral, helping to incorporate the company that eventually became British Petroleum, and through his association with Louis II of Monaco, the purchase of the Société des Bains de Mer, which ran the famous Monte Carlo casino.

'''trains of history... run''' 
Karl Marx, in ''Das Kapital'', referred to wars as the "express trains of history" because they can spark societal or national crises, marking a historical turning point, and they can release economic, social, and moral forces of unforeseen power and dimensions, making any return to the status quo impossible.
Also notice TRP's steady referencing of 'railroads' in a negative way.

'''Q-weapon''' 
Possible allusion to Professor Kokintz's "Q-bomb" in ''The Mouse That Roared'' (1959) or to James Bond's master armorer Q. It could also be an allusion to the character "Q" in Star Trek where the name "Q" is also shared by other members of the Q Continuum. Q is a mischievous omnipotent being who has taken an interest in humans. He also has a flair for the dramatic, with a mercurial personality that switches between a joking, camp style and a more ominous and even dangerous manner. While he is boastful, condescending and threatening, he arguably has humanity's best interests at heart. In the episode "The Q and the Gray" (''Star Trek: Voyager'' - 3rd season), Q weapons are provided to the crew of the Voyager to free Q and Janeway, who have been captured by rebels. [http://www.answers.com/topic/the-q-and-the-grey Synopsis]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(Star_Trek) Wikipedia]. Looney Tunes character Marvin the Martian possesses an earth-destroying weapon known as the Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator.

In this context, the Q stands for "Quaternion." See under [[Q]] in the alphabetical index.

See also [[Q-weapon and Photography]]...

'''Balkan ''komitadji''''' 
Originally, members of the rebel gangs ("committees"), controlled from Sofia, who made forays into Macedonia, the chief object of Bulgarian expansionism before WWI. The word was also commonly used for Serbian irregular fighters.

:See this slightly different [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komitadji Komitadji].

'''waybill''' 
Ancestor of what Fedex and UPS call "shipping document"; it identifies the article shipped and contains necessary addresses and instructions.

'''metamorphosed into an American Negro''' 
Cf honorary Negro (Frank above).

More like an actual negro. Dr V. Ganesh Rao, as was explained earlier, literally transforms after each quaternionic yoga pose.

'''Nipponese''' 
Japanese

'''peach''' 
Plum, actually.

'''Hertzian''' 
Electromagnetic waves, first demonstrated by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz Heinrich Hertz] (Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318:Hertz]]).

'''they cannot strictly . . . longitudinal as well as transverse''' 
Hertz's theory and Maxwell's equations describe ''transverse'' waves in which the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of travel; no longitudinal waves--with vibrations parallel to the direction of travel--are permitted. In air, sound waves are longitudinal; what's suggested here is a new wave that does not fit the Hertz-Maxwell paradigm.

==Page 558==

'''scalar part''' 
Quaternion equivalent of the real part. 
A scalar quantity in geometry has magnitude but not direction. The length of a line segment is a scalar. 
Time is a scalar term.

'''baritone in a barbershop quartet''' 
[http://www.barbershop.org/web/groups/public/documents/pages/pub_id_000827.hcsp Quote]:Technically speaking, barbershop harmony is a style of unaccompanied singing with three voices harmonizing to the melody. The lead usually sings the melody, with the tenor harmonizing above the lead. The bass sings the lowest harmonizing notes and the baritone provides in-between notes, either above or below the lead to make chords (specifically, dominant-type or "barbershop" sevenths) that give barbershop its distinctive, "full" sound.

'''viola in a string quartet''' 
Two violins, a viola, and a violoncello make up a string quartet. The viola is between the others in pitch and is generally considered to have been given the least interesting parts in Classical and Romantic music for string quartet. 
Classical musicians have a whole culture of viola-player jokes. Like drummers in rock bands.

'''Further Term''' 
The three parts of a quaternion that are multiples of '''i''', '''j''' and '''k''' (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525: Quaternions]].)

'''the fulfiller of the Trinity''' 
the name of the first atom bomb detonated at Los Alamos. Alluded to earlier as the "Anti-Stone" (Webb and Merle, p.78). The origin of the name Trinity for this event is uncertain. It is commonly thought that Robert Oppenheimer provided the name, which would seem logical, but even this is not definitely known. A leading theory is that Oppenheimer did select it, and that he did so with reference to the divine Hindu trinity of Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer). Oppenheimer had an avid interest in Sanskrit literature (which he had taught himself to read), and following the Trinity test is reported to have recited a passage from the Bhagavad-Gita that is quoted earlier in this wiki. 

The usage of the Tibetan Mount Kailash, the holy dwelling place of Shiva, God of destruction and regeneration, on p. 437 seems to support this.

Also, a religious allusion to the three-person Godhead in Christian theology. 
Also, third ATD meaning!, a college in Dublin mentioned on page 560.

Also,"the Destroyer, the fulfiller of the trinity" recalls the Destroyer on page 154, the meteorite, and thus relates ''that'' passage to the Anti-Stone.

Also, in Jungian Psychology the 'fulfiller' of the trinity, making it a complete four-aspect entity, is the 'shadow', or traditionally, the devil (the force always excluded and seen as bad in Christian theology). Cf. C. G. Jung, "Versuch einer psychologischen Deutung des Trinitätsdogmas", Gesammelte Werke 11, especially p.179-94. Interestingly, Jung uses the term 'quaternarisch' for this. More Q-talk, then.

'''the pulselessness of salvation''' 
salvation lies outside of time?

'''A weapon based on Time''' 
Time is why there is entropy, that key Pynchonian term. Pynchon has created a brilliant metaphor that uses the concept uniquely. The Q-weapon, at the heart of which lies "a crystal about the size of a human eyeball" is based on Time. What becomes of the Q-weapon after Umeki (possibly) gives it to Halfcourt in Constantinople? ([[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1036|See page 1036...]])

'''"...you could become the most feared person in history." ... "I'd rather be loved," said Root.''' 
Echoes Machiavelli's famous aphorism, "It is much safer to be feared than loved."

'''laterite''' 
A mineral structure formed by erosion, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laterite Wikipedia]. Laterite is typically rich in metal oxides and poor in organic matter.

'''Ostend''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Ostend]]. Ostend (Dutch: Oostende, French & German: Ostende) is a Belgian municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It comprises the villages of Mariakerke, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest at the Belgian coast. Wikipedia.

'''Inner Boulevards''' 
streets in Brussels."In spite of the competition of the Central or Inner Boulevards, the Montagne de la Cour still remains the principal street for shopping in Brussels." "Brussels", Antiques Digest, 1904.

'''Gare du Midi''' 
The largest railway station in Brussels and a haunt of prostitutes.

<div id="gevaert"></div>'''Edouard Gevaert''' 
It seems this gentleman is fictional. although there are some interesting, but tenuous, connections. Agfa-Gevaert is the current owner of the [[W#wardenclyffe|Wardenclyffe Tower]] facility which housed the Tesla Tower. [http://www.maerlant.be/photherel/student/nvgevaert.htm Lieven Gevaert] (1868-1935) was a Belgian industrialist who founded Gevaert & Co. which produced photographic paper, in 1894. The company specialized in "daylight" paper, which relies on the event of exposure of the positive image through daylight, as opposed to development paper which is based on a process of special manipulation with chemicals. (Are photographs "stolen goods"? "Unworldy go-betweens"? Is the Q-Weapon a ... camera? No. It unlocks Time, animating the photograph - [[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1036|See page 1036]]) Agfa (Actien-Gesellschaft für Anilin-Fabrikation) was founded in 1864 as a manufacturer of dies and stains. In World War II, it became part of IG Farben (prominent in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=IG_Farben_References ''Gravity's Rainbow'']. The Allies broke up IG Farben after the war and Agfa emerged as an individual company. And, well, there ''was'' a Dutch arms dealer named Edouard de Beaumont (1841-1895) who has a rifle named after him. Yes, a stretch... Upon further reflection, I believe "Edouard" may refer to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muybridge Eadweard Muybridge] (Edouard was a variant spelling he earlier used) and his photographic experiments with ''freezing'' motion/Time.

==Page 559==

'''Krupp field-piece''' 
The Krupps are an ancient German family, famous for making weapons. A field-piece is a light-cannon.

'''vaguely glandular''' 
Describes Belgium, it seems.

'''''ostinato''''' 
A continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm.

'''poleaxed''' 
Stunned, brought to a mental standstill. (A poleaxe was used in slaughterhouses.)

'''lost to silence''' 
(Not silent, or very?)Very

==Page 560==

'''Wellington Hippodrome''' 
A race track in Ostend. (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 528|page 528:Hippodrome]].)

'''Estacade''' 
:A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the approach of an enemy. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Estacade]

'''''mousmée... mouchard''''' 
French: a young Japanese woman; a police spy.

mouchard: informer

:When Henry James revised ''The Princess Casamassima'' for the 1909 New York edition, the phrase "middle-class spy" in the 1886 text became ''mouchard''. Source: note by Patricia Crick in Penguin Classics edition.

'''always lead an irregular life''' 
Cf GR.

'''Maria Bayley Hamilton''' 
Hamilton's wife !!!

'''council meeting''' 
???

==Page 561==

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
It was on this site that the [[H#hamilton|mathematician William Rowan Hamilton]], in a flash of genius, came upon the formula for Quaternions and scratched it into the stone of the bridge.

About the bridge, the carving, photos of them, a couple of mathematicians' impression of the bridge, etc, see [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/octonions/node24.html Brougham Bridge].

'''on the stone''' 
The bridge is evidently a stone bridge. Stone, a natural thing, is a good for Pynchon. Hamilton's action is metaphorically a deeply religious moment. "Pentecostal" wherein the Quaternions 'descend' to earth [in the thoughts of men].

'''''i² = j² = k² = ijk = –1''''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Quaternion]].

'''Pentecostal''' 
Pentecost (< Greek πεντηκοστή [ἡμέρα], pentekostē [hēmera], "the fiftieth day") is the fiftieth day after Easter Sunday, which corresponds to the tenth day after Ascension Thursday. It is a feast in the Christian liturgical calendar — symbolically related to the Jewish festival of Shavuot — that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and the followers of Jesus on that day, as described in the Book of Acts, Chapter 2. Pentecost is also called "Whitsunday" (deriving from "Wit Sunday") in UK and other English-speaking areas.

Almost needless to say, the Pentecostal revelation is what is supposed to happen at the end of "Lot 49".

'''official Mischief Opportunity''' 
like 'shore leave', it seems. To leave the rules of the Organization and create mischief.

'''absinthe spoons''' 
absinthe spoons have slits whereon are placed sugar cubes through which one pours the absinthe

'''cravats''' 
A cravat is the neckband forerunner of the modern, tailored necktie. From the end of the 16th century, the term "band" applied to any long-strip neckcloth that was not a "ruff"; the ruff—a starched, pleated white linen strip—started its fashion career earlier in the 16th century as neckcloth that could be changed-a-fresh to keep the neck of a doublet from becoming too-soiled or as a bib or a napkin. A "band" could indicate a plain, attached shirt collar or a detachable "falling band" that draped over the doublet collar. 
Necktie fashions have changed over time. The modern cravat originated in the 1630s when Western Europeans saw Croats wearing extravagant neck scarves; the French word ''cravate'' meant "Croatian cavalryman."

'''"four-door farce"''' 
(See eg Bogdanovich's "What's Up, Doc?")
This is also a pun on the name of Georges Feydeau, French writer of farces who was writing when Pynchon's novel is set. One of the recurring physical jokes involves sets with many doors and people coming in and out, just missing each other....

The ranking of farces by door number is mostly jocular. Neil Simon's ''Rumors'' is a fine example of a seven-door farce.

==Page 562==

'''Minque''' 
the fish auction house.

'''Bruges''' 
A city about 18 miles east of Ostende, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Bruges]].

'''Ghent''' 
A city about 40 miles southeast by east from Ostend, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Ghent]].

'''carillons . . . carillonneur''' 
The [http://www.gcna.org/crlnexp.html carillon] was popular in Belgium before it caught on in most other places. It comprises a set of bells, matched in character, forming a scale (a couple of chromatic octaves or even more), with the beaters or clappers mechanically linked to a keyboard. A later development replaced muscle power with electromechanical linkages. In a still later "advance," the carillon was automated with music-box-like control. The American practice of playing recorded bells through loudspeakers is a inexpensive way to imitate carillon music. 
The carillonneur is the master at the keyboard. 
English-style bell ringing is a totally different pursuit, using (often imperfectly) tuned bells actuated in nonmelodic sequences. The bells, not the clappers, are swung with ropes. The effect of an eight-bell "peal" and a team of ringers with plenty of time on their hands—as heard by this American contributor in Bristol one spring Sunday—is perfectly charming. 
By the way: The word "carillon" is derived from the Latin "quaternio" (= consisting of four elements)...

'''Hanseatic''' 
The Hansa or Hanseatic League (definitely a creation of "the Christian North," next paragraph) was a great mercantile system that held itself above national rule.

'''burghers''' 
middle-class married men 
Well, a bit more than that: a burgher was a 'citizen', but not everyone had that status. Originally town-dweller of the craftsman or merchant class, probably a member of a guild, and thus eligible to serve in the corporation or town council. Later it comes to mean something like 'bourgeois', which has the same origin, and later still just a 'solid citizen'. In Germanic-speaking countries today it's just a citizen in the broadest sense, someone who has citizenship.

'''silted up''' 
backed up, underwater, with mud; i.e. neglected, because replaced by railroads. -As it silted up "back in the 1400s" we can safely exclude the influence of railroads.

'''Damme and Sluis''' 
Port cities near Bruges, heavily dependent on them from the 14th Century. 
See [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/communities/damme.htm Damme] and [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/arounddamme/sluis.htm Sluis]. For an overview map, showing cannals, roads etc, of the general area around Bruges-Damme-Sluis see [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/maps/generaloverview.htm Bruges-Damme-Sluis]

==Page 563==

'''trusted his intuitiveness''' 
Woevre is a natural killer.

'''''"Jou moerskont!"''... Afrikaans''' 
Possibly "you horse's ass"? --More likely something like "mother's cunt".

==Page 564==

'''voices of everyone he had ever put to death had been ... scored for some immense choir''' 
A possible reference to ''Star Wars'': Obi-wan experiences the obliteration of an entire planet as "a great disturbance in the Force, as if millions of voices suddenly cried out in terror and were suddenly silenced." [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076759/quotes]

Also another potentially time-less event, all of Woevre's murders collapsed into a single moment.

The "choir" image occurs several times in ''AtD.'' [[ATD_1-25#Page_19|One example.]]

'''"I cannot bear it ... this terrible light..."''' 
Shades of the Kirghiz Light in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=The_Kirghiz_Light ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''''Voetsak''''' 
Afrikaans (maybe Dutch too): Go away! Also spelled ''voertsek'' or ''voetsek.'' 
Borrowed in English with the spelling ''footsack.'' The Urban Dictionary, which often excites skepticism, has [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=footsack a useful entry] with a marginally plausible etymology. In [http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/lit/drama/Finished/chap5.html ''Finished'' (1916),] novelist H. Rider Haggard glossed it this way: "Among Europeans he rejoiced in the name of Footsack, a Boer Dutch term which is generally addressed to troublesome dogs and means 'Get out.'" And in a defective 1943 book for young readers, ''Great Caesar's Ghost'' (by Manning Coles, creator of gentleman op Tommy Hambledon), an English merchant seaman says, "Get out, 'op it, vamoose, footsack, imshi, or I'll—" [http://www.absp.org.uk/words/interjections.html ''Imshi''] is British service slang for "go."

'''starers''' 
Those who stared at Kit earlier.

'''dramatic performance''' 
referring to 'No'?

'''tobacco-stricken''' 
A smoker's deep or gritty voice.

'''half-silvering''' 
A design for an optical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_splitter beam splitter] that causes half of the incident light to be transmitted and the other half to be reflected.

'''the fatal number four—to a Japanese mind''' 
Japanese character for number "four" has the same pronunciation as that of character "death". 
Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 258|page 258:Japanese character for "four"]].

'''four cusps... index-surface''' 
???

'''co-conscious''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 527|page 527:co-conscious]]. Repeat here: "mental processes outside the main stream of consciousness but sometimes available to it - from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary."

Third use, I think. Who/what is co-conscious here? (First time, page 478; then page 527.)

Could it be the dimly perceived consciousness of one's double in the adjacent, alternate world? Or one's consciousness of that world?

==Page 565==

'''true icosahedron''' 
Probably a regular icosahedron, where the sides are formed by 20 equilateral triangles. For a picture see [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Icosahedron.html Icosahedron].

'''12+8... pyrites''' 
Pyrite crystals form a structure that can be decomposed into unit cells that contain (part of) 12 sulphur atoms and 8 iron atoms.

'''Riemann sphere''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_sphere Wikipedia]

'''Felix Klein''' 
German mathematician ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Klein Wikipedia])

'''ebonite''' 
An early plastic([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebonite Wikipedia])

'''Ohmic Drift Compensator''' 
ohm = the practical meter-kilogram-second unit of electric resistance equal to the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampere; The Ohmic Drift Compensator a key component of the Q-weapon "regulates how much light is allowed to enter the silvering of the mirror! Special kind of refraction! Calibrated against imaginary index! Dangerous! Of the essence!'" See also [[ATD 525-556#Page 541|Page 541]].

'''speed of the earth . . . kinetic energy''' 
Einstein in 1905 showed most of this argument to be nonsense, but if Lorentz's paper is still recent (next entry) the shift in thinking may not have happened yet. 
::Umeki refers on page 564 to 'Minkowskian space-time', which is a geometrical interpretation of Special Relativity, so she must be well aware of Einstein's theory. In fact, this reference to Minkowski, and those at pp 594 and 602, seem to place these episodes after 1908. However, p 596 seems to make Kit's stay in Göttingen contemporary with the 1905 revolution in Russia. So... either Umeki and Yashmeen have knowledge of Minkowski's theories before he makes them public, or (and this gets my vote) it just isn't possible to construct a consistent, real-world chronology for the novel.
:Since the earth's mean orbital speed ( ~ 30 km/s) is rather small in comparison with the speed of light ( ~ 300,000 km/s), no relativistic correction is needed in calculating earth's orbital kinetic energy. And in a reference frame anchored on the Sun, the earth's kinetic eneregy, ''E = ½ m v²'', where ''m'' is the earth mass and ''v'' it's orbital speed, still holds. Einstein showed only that it is no longer true against the nonexistent stationary ''æther''. Of course, it is irrelevant to an earthbound weapon tried to make use of this energy against a person who is standing on the earth.

'''Recently Lorentz's paper''' 
Lorentz's 1904 "Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity less than that of light" ([http://www.soso.ch/wissen/hist/SRT/L-1904.pdf PDF])

'''Lorentz . . . Fitzgerald . . . along the axis of motion''' 
It was the phenomenon of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, together with the abolition of the æther by Michelson and Morley, that led Einstein to his theory of special relativity.
:Michelson and Morley did NOT abolish the æther. Their experiement (1887), attempting to detect the light speed change due to the effect of the æther wind, was a total failure, and they could not explain the negative result.
::OK, would you accept "the abolition of the æther hypothesis in consequence of Michelson and Morley's work"? In fact, that negative result—replicated many times since—did render the notion of the luminiferous æther untenable, as the next two paragraphs make clear.
:The Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis was proposed to explain the "null" result of the Michelson-Morley experiment but still keeping the æther. (see paragraph 8 of Lorentz's 1904 paper above). Lorentz considered the contraction was not physically real but a device to explain the Michelson-Morley experiment. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_Fitzgerald_contraction_hypothesis Lorentz_Fitzgerald Contraction]).
::Some of the repetitions of the M-M experiment, all yielding the same result, were performed by Morley with Dayton C. Miller. In the 1920s Miller conducted his own aether-drift experiments, recording ''positive'' results (i.e. apparently detecting the aether) and in 1925 was awarded an 'American Society for the Advancement of Science' prize for this work. So it was certainly not universally accepted that the original M-M experiment made the aether hypothesis untenable: it was believed by some scientists that the experiment had simply been a failure. Check out ''The Golem'' by Harry Collins and Trevor Pinch for the whole story.
:Einstein (1905) derived the Lorentz contraction directly, without assuming the existence of the æther, from the ''Principle of Relativity'' (ie different observers moving at a constant speed with respect to each other find the laws of physics to be identical and find the speed of light to be the same), and proved that Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis had been "ad-hoc". And Einstein explain the failure of Michelson-Morley experiment by abolishing the æther !

'''Lord Rayleigh [...] wonders if such motion might not cause a crystalline body to become double refracting''' 
John William Strutt, third Baron Rayleigh (1842-1919) was one of the very few members of higher nobility who won fame as an outstanding scientist. Lord Rayleigh's first researches were mainly mathematical, concerning optics and vibrating systems, but his later work ranged over almost the whole field of physics, covering sound, wave theory, colour vision, electrodynamics, electromagnetism, light scattering, flow of liquids, hydrodynamics, density of gases, viscosity, capillarity, elasticity, and photography.

This specific reference is to Lord Rayleigh's paper published in the ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character'', Vol. 98, No. 692 (Jan. 3, 1921), pp. 284-296, entitled "Double Refraction and Crystalline Structure of Silica Glass." The introduction:

:Silica glass, as is well known, may be produced by the fusion of clear crystalline quartz. In this way a clear transparent product is obtained. The present paper deals only with this kind of silica glass. The cruder variety, known as vitreosil, which is prepared from sand, is not free enough from bubbbles and striae to allow satisfactory observation.

:That silica glass may be doubly refracting was noticed in casual observations, made to test its suitability for windows, in my experiments on the scattering of light by gases. It soon become clear that this double refraction could not in all cases be due to stress, but was to be attributed to something of the nature of crystalline structure. At the same time, the double refraction is very weak indeed compared with that of crystalline quartz.

:Glasses have generally been considered essentially amorphous, and, indeed, this property would usually be invoked in the definition of a glass. It may be that, in view of the present results, the definition will need to be modified, though this point is hardly ripe for discussion. In the meantime, I still use the term silica glass.

:I have not met with similar effects in any of the ordinary complex glasses. When these are doubly refracting, it is always attributable to strain. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0950-1207(19210103)98%3A692%3C284%3ADRACSO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7]

==Page 566==

'''In a dream...''' 

This passage, describing Kit's dream of Umeki and the message it conveys, pulls together many of the main themes of ''Against the Day'', tying things together in a way that Pynchon seldom does, almost as if he's providing a rather large piece of the puzzle to help the reader understand the novel:

:"Deep among the equations describing the behavor of light, field equations, Vector and Quaternion equations, lies a set of directions, an intinerary, a map to a hidden space. Double refraction appears again and again as a key element, permitting a view into a Creation set just to the side of this one, so close as to overlap, where the membrane between the worlds, in many places, has become too frail, too permeable, for safety.... Within the mirror, with the scalar term, within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark intinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist."

This is rather a good description of ''AtD'' itself. It is a (inevitably) "corrupted pilgrim's guide", but is the guide corrupted, or the pilgrim?

'''analogies''' 
(Pynchonian heuristics.)

'''the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first''' 
Cf. p. 436 '''holy pilgrimages. One defines a destination, proceeds through a series of stations...

'''lightless uncreated''' 
(Gnostic heresy?)

'''...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist.''' 
Compare with "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light." '''and''' "the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp" ([[ATD 1018-1039#Page 1032|p. 1032]]);

'''stuffed sinus''' 
sinus/nasal congestion. It is like looking out onto a new world when one's sinus finally clears after days of congestion.

'''''Konichiwa''''' 
''sic'' for "Konnichiwa / Kon nichi wa" -- Japanese greeting.

==Page 567==

'''new Puccini opera''' 
Obviously, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Butterfly Madame Butterfly]

'''[Americans] can't ever die of shame''' 
shameless, unlike the Japanese

'''Kimura-san''' 
Kimura ( "tree village") is the 18th most common Japanese surname.
-san is used as a courtesy title in Japanese-speaking areas as a suffix to the given name, surname, or title of the person being addressed, regardless of age or gender: Yamamoto san; sensei-san. 
Chimera-san?

Kimura is Umeki's colleague who worked with De Forest on vector analysis for syntotic wireless under Gibbs at Yale. (see p. 532 and p. 29) I think this wiki would be more useful if we focused more on internal text references rather than Google-happy idle speculation. Pynchon is pretty conscientious about providing all we need to know within the text itself.

'''Borel-Clerc... "La Matchiche"''' 
Popular vaudeville song from 1903. "La Matchiche" is French for the Brazilian dance Maxixe.

'''western anchor''' 
What about France, Spain, Portugal? Belgium is a port country with a highly developed transportation system into all of these countries. .....it was the first country to industrialize in Europe....Wikipedia.

In addition, Ostend is the westernmost port. It remains today a major Continental ferry terminus for North Sea crossings, including the fastest surface route, the hydrofoil.

'''the Orient Express''' 
The first [http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r045.html Orient Express] (1883-1914), connecting the English Channel with the Black Sea, is one of the most famous trains in Europe. It ran from Calais and Paris to Bucharest (Romania), passing through Strasbourg (France), Munich (Germany), Vienna (Austria), Pozsony (or Pressburg; now Bratislava, Slovakia) and Budapest (Hungary). From Bucharest it went through Bulgaria and then, by ferry, to Istanbul of Turkey. The original Orient Express was operated by Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits. Ever since the original Orient Express started operation, the name has become synonymous with luxury travel. After World I there were various railway routes had the name of Orient Express.

'''the Trans-Siberian''' 
The [http://www.transsib.ru/Eng/history-phases.htm Trans-Siberian] is a railway route connecting Moscow (Europe) to Vladivostok or Beijing (Far East Asia). Taking a journey by the Trans-Siberian Railway has long been considered an experience with mythological proportions. It is the longest continuous rail line on earth - about 6,000 miles over one third of the globe. In 1891, Czar Alexander III drew up planes for the Trans-Siberian and initiated its construction, and a more or less continuous route was completed in 1905. It took many more years to make the route smoothly operative.

'''the Berlin-to-Baghdad''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Railway Berlin-Baghdad (also Basra) Railway] was the route of German's expansion from Europe to the Persian Gulf, from which trade goods and supplies could be directly exchanged with the farthest of the German colonies and the world. It could also supply German industry directly with oil. Its conception (1888) and completion a couple of years later engendered great opposition from Russia, France and England as part of the "Great Game".

'''World-Island''' 
[[ATD 429-459#Page_433|See annotation at page 433]]

'''Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits''' 
"International Sleeping-Car Company", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlson_Wagonlit Wikipedia]

'''two hundred francs''' 
"None of that, Hakkabut. Hold your tongue." And, turning to Rosette, the captain said, "If, sir, I understand right, you require some silver five-franc pieces for your operation?"
"Forty," said Rosette, surlily.
"Two hundred francs!" whined Hakkabut.-- On a Comet, Jules Verne

'''theory of sets''' 
Set theory is the mathematical theory of sets, which represent collections of abstract objects. It encompasses the everyday notions, introduced in primary school, of collections of objects, and the elements of, and membership in, such collections. In most modern mathematical formalisms, set theory provides the language in which mathematical objects are described. It is (along with logic and the predicate calculus) one of the axiomatic foundations for mathematics, allowing mathematical objects to be constructed formally from the undefined terms of "set" and "set membership". It is in its own right a branch of mathematics and an active field of mathematical research. Wikipedia 
:The members of a set can be, say, [Mike, Mary, Jack, Richard, Ron, Umeki, . . . . . .], the employees of a company, or the passengers of the train leaving the station; they need NOT be abstract. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 535|page 525:set theory]].

'''Bruges Canal''' 
Belgium: Bruges canal. For a picture of the canal see [http://cruises.about.com/library/pictures/baltic/blbruges19.htm Bruges Canal].

==Page 568==

'''vaporetto''' 
A Venetian water-bus.

'''Grand Canal''' 
The main canal that runs through the heart of Venice and down past San Marco, the city's main square.

'''San Marco end''' 
See above. This is where Florian's (appears in the novel) is situated.

'''Piazzetta''' 
??? A small piazza. The large square in front of St Mark's is the Piazza San Marco. The smaller side square running beside the Palazzo Ducale down to the canal is the Piazzetta San Marco.

'''San Giorgio Maggiore''' 
A rather over-ornate church on the Grand Canal opposite San Marco.

'''spreading... cloak''' 
Cliche/allusion?

'''live here forever''' 
Pynchon special-pleading that Dally isn't just another tourist.
Or is this just a typical reaction of the tourist? And a Pynchonesque longing for home?

Quite the contrary, Dally is thinking she feels "at home" as opposed to Kit on 567 who doesn't know what home is anymore. Note too that the Zombini family have deep "roots" in Italy, and "roots" or small people are exactly part of Dally's quest and what Merle warns that wildcrafting 'seng has to be approached with whispers and carefully (p. 70)

'''Teatro Verdi in Trieste''' 
A 1200+ seat theatre built in late-eighteenth century in Trieste for classical music, opera and ballet ([http://selectitaly.com/events.php?product_id=27&city_id=122 Teatro Verdi]). With its stately columns, elaborate adornments and lush elegance it is rather an unlikely venue for magic show. Another unlikely venue for magic show is Teatro Malibran in Venice (next page).

==Page 569==

'''Malibran... Polo's house''' 
The Teatro Malibran, built at the site of Marco Polo's house, which was destroyed in 1596.
:It is still there ! Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page 355|page 355:Teatro Malibran]] and the external link (for photos, etc) listed there.

'''"pincette" pass''' 
Probably from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pincer_movement pincer movement] of military strategy.
:Professor Hoffman's ''Modern Magic'' (1876) describes three "passes with coins," La Pincette, Le Tourniquet and La Coulée. Amazon has the book for sale if anyone wants to look up the details.

'''profondes''' 
"Large pockets in tail coats which can be used for vanishes or productions", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conjuring_terms Wikipedia]

'''Vincenzo Miserere''' 
??? Misero means poor, pitiful, miserable, etc. Psalm 51 (sometimes numbered as 50) is known as the Miserere because it begins (in Latin) Miserere mei Deus (Have mercy on me, God).

'''train to Trieste''' 
???Venice and Trieste are on the opposite sides (about 70 miles apart) of the same gulf : Gulf of Venice. Taking a train from Venice to Trieste would mean taking a route several times lengthier than a ferry.

'''Svegli''' 
The fictional professor's name comes from the Italian ''sveglio'' for "clever, dextrous, skillful."

'''shark leather''' 
Different from sharkskin?

'''''Specchiere''''' 
Mirror-maker

'''glassmakers on Murano''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murano Wikipedia]

'''today''' 
When is that?

'''''guaglion''''' 
Naples dialect: ''guaglione'' is boy. (It first appeared on page 531).

==Page 570==

'''another one of his stories''' 
(Jackson Pynchon should highlight all the AtD passages that originated as bedtime stories.)

'''TERAPIA''' 
Italian, "therapy"

'''San Servolo''' 
An island in the Venetian archipelago, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo Wikipedia], [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=45.418654+N,+12.35698+E&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=45.418651,12.35698&spn=0.006891,0.010793&t=k&om=1&iwloc=addr Google Maps]

'''Palazzo Ducale''' 
The Ducal Palace in Venice, residence of the Doge. It's by San Marco.

'''''manicomio''''' 
Italian, "madhouse"

'''''paramorfico''''' 
paramorphic - see the entry for [[P|Paramorphoscope]]

'''uterine vellum''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellum Vellum] produced from the skin of an unborn calf

'''pitch, rouge''' 
Products used in the grinding of lenses and mirrors.

==Page 571==

'''La Doppiatrice''' 
Italian: the Doubler.

Perhaps an analogue of the diffraction grating that splits the electron into two "alternate" electrons in Schrodinger's thought experiment on quantum effects, source here of a sort of human quantum splitting, an alternate universe creator.

'''Ettore Sananzolo''' 
???

'''Maskelyne cabinet''' 
After Neville Maskelyne, from ''Mason and Dixon.'' Maskelyne was sent at the same time as M and D to record the Transit of Venus on St. Helena. He became Astronomer Royal while they were in America.

While Maskelyne is indeed a real person, the name is very suggestive of mescaline. The two do not seem to be "related."

More likely a descendant, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nevil_Maskelyne John Nevil Maskelyne.] --[[User:Jeffersonista|Jordan]] 13:46, 25 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 572==

'''smoke back into a cigar''' 
Time's arrow/ entropy motif.

'''hard-as-a-rock black cigar''' 
The quality of a cigar is usually higher with dark, more tightly-wrapped tobacco. Vincenzo has a fine one, it seems.

'''thumping''' 
sound/feeling of a water-bus?

'''''salso''''' 
Longest river in Sicily.Its small deltaic system there is dominated by marine processes rather than fluvial ones. It is a seasonal torrent, with brief but violent floods during the winter rains (from November to February), Is this what riding the salso in and back out again means? Riding the floods from the winter rains?

Hardly. 'Salso' (ital.) means 'salty', so this is probably a poetical word for 'the sea'.

'''''sandoli''''' 
??? The sandolo is a type of boat used in Venice, similar to a gondola but (I believe) larger.

:Actually, [http://gondolablog.blogspot.com/2009/04/sandolo-in-venezia.html smaller].

'''trains pulling in''' 
Famous early film.

==Page 573==

'''San Polo''' 
It is one of the six districts (sestieri) of Venice. (The other five are: Cannaregio, Dorsoduro, Santa Croce, San Marco, and Castello.) It (with Santa Croce and Dorsoduro) is located at the south side of the Grand Canal just across the Rialto bridge from San Marco. The San Polo district is the second most important area of Venice in terms of historical immportance and attractions for the tourists. It is the home to the Rialto market, the old artisan quarters of Venice, and the stunning Frari church.

'''Cannareggio''' 
It is commonly spelled Cannaregio. It is located north of the Grand Canal, and is one of the few parts of the city where Venetians still live in great numbers. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannaregio Canaregio].

==Page 574==

'''thirty years older''' 
About 65yo?

'''that day''' 
In NYC when Dally showed up.

'''Stronzo''' 
Italian curse word, roughly "asshole"

'''''In bocc' al lupo!''''' 
From the Roman dialect, in which the Italians – including Rocco and Pino – seem to speak. Meaning, literally, "In the
mouth of the wolf," and idiomatically, "Good luck."

Specifically, as supported by the show business context, the good-luck wish among actors: "Break a leg!"

'''''campielli''''' 
??? Small squares. A campo is literally a field and by extension a large square in a town. A campiello is a small square. I believe Venice has only one Piazza (San Marco) and the other squares are campi and campielli.

'''impersonation of itself''' 
echoes "the mountains had become geometrical impersonations of themselves", p. 394

==Page 575==

'''Riva''' 
Probably Riva del Vin by the Grand Canal; a great tourist attraction from where one can view the historical Rialto Bridge. (The word ''riva'' itself means ''river bank''). [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-025 Riva del Vin] and[http://www.altravistavenezia.it/_VirtualTours/VA/Rialto_Riva_del_Vin/rialto_riva_del_vin.html Rialto-Riva del Vin]

'''middy blouses''' 
In the style of a midshipman's blouse (shirt).

'''not yet been rebuilt''' 
Remember [[ATD 243-272#Page 256|page 256]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
prostitutes

'''Hunter Penhallow''' 
Cf. [[ATD 119-148#Page 129|page 129]] for reference to the "Venice" phase of Hunter Penhallow's painting career

'''''fondamenta''''' 
A waterside street in Venice

'''''ombreta''''' 
''ombreta de vin'' means "a glass of wine" in Venetian dialect.

'''light's good here''' 
Old joke about drunk looking for car keys under streetlight though he dropped them somewhere else.

'''inside that labyrinth . . . microcosm of all Venice''' 
A hologram has this property, that a little chip broken off it contains the entire image. This is, however, a specific reference to Fractal non-Euclidian Geometry ... self-similarity over scale. A fractal is an object or quantity that displays self-similarity, in a somewhat technical sense, on all scales. The object need not exhibit exactly the same structure at all scales, but the same "type" of structures must appear on all scales. A plot of the quantity on a log-log graph versus scale then gives a straight line, whose slope is said to be the fractal dimension. The prototypical example for a fractal is the length of a coastline measured with different length rulers. The shorter the ruler, the longer the length measured, a paradox known as the coastline paradox, mentioned by Pynchon on [[ATD_821-848#Page_821|page 821: coastline approaching infinite length]].
:Good argument for the fractal reference, better than the original one for the hologram metaphor. Hunter is not making smaller and smaller paintings ("chips") but rather exploiting an observation about scale.

==Page 576==

'''''rio''''' 
narrow waterway in Venice (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 245|page 245:''rio'']].)

'''twelve soldi''' 
A soldo is a small coin.

'''franc... ten francs''' 
One "franc": a french coin. Not much, even for standard of the times.

'''Santos-Dumont style''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 529|page 529:Monsieur Santos-Dumont]]

'''Canaletto''' 
Real name: [http://www.wga.hu/bio/c/canalett/biograph.html Zuane Antonio Canal] (1697-1768), a well-known scenery painter at the time. He went to England in 1746 and returned to Venice in 1755. 
Venetian landscape painter, 1697-1768, famous for his paintings of Venice ([http://www.artericerca.com/ven_set/Canaletto/canaletto.htm Italian website]).

As described, Penhallow's pictures are reminiscent, in spirit and in some ways content, of John Singer Sargent's Venetian paintings. Sargent also later painted one of the most haunting images of World War I, [http://jssgallery.org/Paintings/Gassed/Gassed.htm "Gassed"], showing a column of men blinded by mustard gas feeling their way to an aid station.

'''Beppo''' 
Allusion to Byron's poem "Beppo - A Venetian Story". Beppo is a husband who's been away for many years and then, returning, reclaims his wife from another man.

Beppo = Mouse, diminutive of Giuseppi. There is also Beppo Levi (born on May 14, 1875 in Turin, Italy, died on August 28, 1961 in Rosario, Argentina) Italian mathematician, director of the Mathematics Institute of the National University of the Littoral from 1939 to 1961. His work included the mathematics of alternative spaces[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beppo_Levi].

'''pitch''' 
From Merriam-Webster Dictionary: ''chiefly British: an outdoor site (as for camping or doing business).

'''Bauer-Grünwald''' 
An expensive hotel near San Marco in Venice.

'''demobilized from a war that nobody knew about . . . seeking refuge from time''' 
Hunter Penhallow, one of the Trespassers?

==Page 577==

'''a time-traveler from the future''' 
Hunter Penhallow IS a Trespasser.

Not exactly. This subplot doesn't precisely overlap with the trespasser plot, though I think Hunter has seen that version of our future. I know we have a rule against spoilers but we should feel free to go back to previous pages in the text to help us in understanding what's going on even at a basic plot level. So Hunter is from a line of crystal tycoons but stows away on Etienne Malus (p. 129) which also stows away the Destoyer (p. 144) and brings that creature back to New York where Hunter flees by being rescued by some "curious mass conveyance" (p.155) to some futuristic world. Now Hunter has come back from the future, though he doesn't know how he got to Venice. Maybe just some rift in space-time that Miles theorizes about.

''''Safe'''' 
Recent art-movie title? I think safe here means safe without allusion.

'''neutral hour?''' 
Is any moment in Time apolitical?

'''Castello''' 
Castello is the largest of the six sestieri of Venice. The district grew up from the thirteenth century around a naval dockyard on what was originally the Isole Gemini.

Not sure on the derivation of Isole Gemini; but Gemini, like Pisces (cf. Fomalhaut, the brightest star in the Pisces constellation) and Sagittarius, are the dual signs of western astrology in keeping with "bi-locations," Deuce Kindred, Renfrew/Werfner, mirrors, etc.

Jyotisha (Indian astrology) includes Virgo as a dual sign or dvisvabha rashis -- thus forming a Quaternity (4 signs or rashis)of Duality. It's interesting that Pynchon does not say Gemini and Pisces directly, but alludes to them behind Castello and Fomalhaut. Be on the lookout for twins, fish, virgins and centaurs!

'''Evening Gun''' 
"At reveille the morning gun goes off; and at retreat, the evening". From
a history description. Here is a site with picture.http://www.ziplink.net/~edkreutz/1f.html

'''Dr. Grace''' 
Renowned, full-bearded 19th-century English cricket player.

'''Charing Cross''' 
Charing Cross Railway Station, London. The original station was opened on 11 January 1864 by the South East Railway. Now, over 37 million people pass through Charing Cross every year. Situated on the forecourt of the stations is the Eleanor Cross, from which point road distances from London are measured. For more see [http://www.networkrail.co.uk/aspx/795.aspx#history Charing Cross].

==Page 578==

'''Dorsoduro''' 
An area of Venice. The Dorsoduro district is a relatively central area of the city, located on the opposie side of the Grand Canal from the San Marco district. But, at the smae time it offers the visitor a chance to explore a delightful part of the city free from the crowds of San Marco.
The Accademia Gallery, Peggy Gugggenheim Museum, and the Santa della Maria Salute Church (one of the most famous landmarks of Venice) are all located here. [http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_dorsoduro.htm Dorsoduro].

'''''pensione''''' 
A cheap Italian hotel, like a bed and breakfast.

'''La Calcina''' 
A historical hotel. La Calcina means ''The Lime House'', because the hotel was built on a 17th-century lime production site. It is located on the Zattere promenade, at the foot of the Calcina Bridge. Various Bohemian artists frequented the Café of the hotel, and John Ruskin indeed stayed at the hotel from February 13 to May 23, 1877. For the historical background of the hotel see [http://www.lacalcina.com/HTML/en/calcina_storia_en.html La Calcina].

'''eminent ghosts, Turner and Whistler, Ruskin, Browning....'''

Evokes Lytton Strachey's ''Eminent Victorians'' and this Quaternity of artists were eminent indeed (though not the subject of Strachey's book). All had a conection to Venice, and the note on Ruskin at the La Calcina above could be true of the other three as well.

Robert Browning became a ghost in Venice in 1887. Of particular historic significance, Browning was the first person to ever have his voice heard after his death. Thomas Edison recorded Browning reading his poem "How They Brought Good News from Ghent to Aix" including the poet's apologies for forgetting the words. The recording was first played in Venice in 1890.

'''''"traces of conciousness". Psychical Research beginning to open these matters..streaming by''''' 

Possible allusion to Joyce's "stream of conciousness". Ulysses is also set in 1904, the year Joyce met his wife.

But that is not the stream of consciousness refered to here, and it is the wrong "James." William James actually coined the term "stream of consciousness." Joyce was not the first to use it as a literary technique either -- he just perfected it in a way not seen before -- except perhaps in Proust.

Considering the context in AtD concerns ghosts and the very next sentence begins with a mention of Psychical Research, "traces of consciousness" is not so much stream of consciousness as a trailing vapor or whisp of consciousness that streams by as a "kind of ghost." Think in terms of thought transference, ESP, mediums, hypnosis, hallucinations, ghosts. More than a few characters in this novel are involved in these things.

In order to study these phenomena, three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge founded The Society for Psychical Research in 1882. William James helped to found the American branch and was president of the group for a while.

There are recurring parallels in AtD to a famous James quote from ''Varieties of Religious Experience'':

Our normal waking consciousness . . . is but one special type of consciousness, whilst all about it, parted from it by the flimsiest of screens, there lie potential forms of consciousness entirely different. We may go through life without suspecting their existence; but apply the requisite stimulus and at a touch they are all there in all their completeness . . . No account of the universe in its totality can be final which leaves these other forms of consciousness quite disregarded.

'''Zattere''' 
An area of wide waterfront pavements in Venice.

'''''...in hotels, the way your dreams are often, alarmingly, not your own?''''' 
One more possible allusion to Proust, including also the following paragraph. At the beginning of the ''Recherche'', the main character, Marcel, spends a sleepless night in a hotel room, surrounded by memories he can't make sense of. 
And it's Pirate Prentice's 'job' in GR and presumably the whole first section of GR is one of Pirate's 'dreams not his own'. 
In ''Lot 49'' Oedipa Maas considers all the dreams and memories stored in the mattresses of transients' hotels, and of the information destroyed when they burned.

'''''cimici''''' 
Latin: bedbug.

'''to pick up traces of the dreams of whoever slept there just before them''' 
Cf. the Tom Waits song "9th & Hennepin": "And all the rooms they smell like diesel / And you take on the dreams of the ones who have slept there". [http://www.tomwaitslibrary.com/lyrics/raindogs/9thandhennepin.html Lyrics]

'''bora''' 
a regional wind, blowing each winter.

==Page 579==

'''vino forte''' 
strong wine.

'''Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Brletta''' 
They are the cities in Puglia (Apula) region of southeast Italy, ie. at the "heel of the Italian Boot".

'''Tintoretto's ''Abduction . . .''''' 
See [http://www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3374 here]

Tintoretto (1518-94), Venetian painter. Originally named Jacopo Robusti, because of his father's profession of ''tintore'' (dye) he was nicknamed as [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tintoret/biograph.html Tintoretto]. The most successful painter of Venetian school in the generation after Titian. His drawings, unlike Michelangelo's detailed life studies, are brilliant, rapid notations, bristling with energy, and his color is more somber and mystical than Titian's. For a better, can be enlarged, view of his [http://www.wga.hu/index1.html ''Abduction of the Body of St. Mark (1562-66)'']. (The title of the work in this Web Gallery of Art is: "The Stealing of the Dead Body of St Mark.")

'''Accademia''' 
The major art-gallery in Dorsoduro, Venice

'''Titian''' 
16th century Venetian painter. 
Vecellio Tiziano (1490-1576), better known as Titian, the greatest painter of the Venetain School and the leading light of the Italian Renaissance. Titian was recognized as a towering genius in his own time and his reputation as one of the giants of art has never been seriously questioned. He was supreme in every branch of painting and his achievements were so varied — ranging "from the joyous evocation of pagan antiquity . . . to the depths of tragedy in his late religious paintings" — that he has been an inspiration to artists of very different character. In many subjects, above all in portraiture, he set patterns that were followed by generations of artists. For more and Titian's paintings [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tiziano/biograph.html Titian].

'''Infancy Gospel of Thomas''' 
One of the apocryphal scriptures. The Infancy Gospel of Thomas relates the miraculous deeds of Jesus before he turned twelve. [http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/infancythomas.html 1] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Thomas Wikipedia on the Gospel of Thomas]

→Actually, The Infancy Gospel of Thomas is not the same as the Gospel of Thomas. The former is a brief summary of Jesus' misadventures as a child (as AtD notes, Jesus really is described as a hell-raiser and although at one point he brings a child named Zenon back from death, the Infancy Gospel mostly just makes a shallow exhibition of Jesus' miraculous powers). The latter is a Gnostic text and a "collection of sayings, prophecies, proverbs, and parables of Jesus" (Willis Barnstone, "The Other Bible" p. 299).

Also, I read through the whole Infancy Gospel of Thomas and could not find the particular parable that Pynchon describes. However, Pynchon's parable is in keeping with the style of this Gospel. Jesus gets in trouble--making adults irate--and then sets everything straight. This particular parable also does not appear in The Infancy Gospel of James, The Infacy Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, or The Arabic Infancy Gospel.

The reference to this Gospel is a double+ play on the twins/double/mirror motif. First, as can be seen in this posting, there is confusion between the Gospel of Thomas and the Infancy Gospel of Thomas. The two gospels appear to be the same, but they are different. Second, the name ''Thomas'' means ''twin''. Also(+), Thomas is the doubting Thomas.
To doubt is to be "of two minds." The historic and theological significance of Thomas is loaded with themes relevant to this novel.

I'd like to add that Pynchon already made up a quote of the Gospel of Thomas in ''Gravity's Rainbow'', p. 537, as an epigraph of Part III, Episode 24: "Dear Mom, I put a couple of people in Hell today . . . ". The author cited his source as "Oxyrhynchus papyrus number classified," which is both correct (the Infancy being a part of the apocryphal Gospel of Thomas which was found on papyri discovered in a Nile river village called Oxyrhynchus) and wrong: the so-called Thomas didn't write that Jesus ever said that to his mother! At least in the papyri that were published… See Weisenburger 2006, (''A Companion to'' GR), p. 282.

==Page 580==

'''Pentecost story in Acts''' 
Pentecost is a Christian holiday commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus' followers and the beginning of the Christian church. Pentecost is celebrated by many (but not all) Christians on the Sunday 50 days after Easter. It often falls in early June. [[Acts II|Read the Biblical passages in Acts II...]]

'''Galilean dialect''' 
Of Aramaic.

'''Yes, well, it's redemption, isn't it, you expect chaos, you get order instead''' 
In the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and the Pentecost, first Jesus, then the Holy Ghost, act as Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon]. In the Infancy Gospel story, Jesus sorts the randomly mixed dye molecules so that each garment comes out one color; in the Pentecost story the Holy Ghost causes a single language, just random noise to all but Galileans, to be heard as the many different languages of the listeners. Taking the two stories together, thermodynamic entropy is reversed, but the entropy of information is increased. This is the crux of ''Lot 49''; here it is another "secular miracle"; order emerges from chaos. The mathematicians, artists and similar seekers may bring forth a similar miracle, the ability to experience other dimensions, to understand the universe (See Kit's dream, P.566).

'''''rii''''' 
Plural of ''rio''.

==Page 581==

'''''sotopòrteghi''''' 
An open doorway for public access. (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 246|page 246:sotopòrteghi]].)

'''Bodeo 10.4 mm''' 
A mass-produced Italian-made service revolver, initially made around 1889. Demand for them as guns was low, causing thousands of the weapons to be converted to table lamps. An interesting Pynchonian connection between light, manufacture, weapons, and war.

==Page 582==

'''''foschetta''''' 
''Foschia'' in Italian means "fog". ''Foschetta'' is a term for "light fog".

'''''masègni''''' 
Blocks of Euganean trachyte used for paving, often marked off by bands of Istrian stone

'''''patrone''''' 
Probably meaning ''padrone'', "master". -- blicero2
:or female saint? not referring to Tonio but just as an expression.

'''wine trains up from Puglia''' 
Puglia region is in southeast of Italy (at the "heel of the Italian Boot"). From page 578-579: "In September, when the vino forte arrived from Brindis, Squinzano, and Barletta . . ." These three cities are in Puglia. Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:vino forte]] and [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Barletta]].

'''Winter''' 
1904-1905?

'''''osterie''''' 
taverns (''osteria'' is a tavern)

'''Principessa Spongiatosta''' 
Is Pugnax's book from p6 at all relevant here?
:Yes! [[Princess_Casamassima,_The|''The Princess Casamassima'']] has several resonances with ''AtD.''

'''Ca'''' 
Abbreviated form of "Casa," Italian for "house."

Which appears to be multidimensional, or at any rate non-Euclidean, reminiscent of Zombini's cabinet.

'''Roman Composite order''' 
A classical order (style of building design) dating from late Roman times, formed by superimposing Ionic volute (volute = a spiral scroll ornament) on a Corinthian capital (capital = the head or crowning feature of a column). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_order Composite order]).

'''japonica''' 
Japanese honeysuckle.

==Page 583==

'''Iron Bridge''' 
The Ponte dell’Accademia - connecting the Venetian quarters (sestieri) San Marco and Dorsoduro - was constructed during the Austrian occupation in 1854. This steel construction got replaced ca. 1933 by a wooden bridge (which was replaced by yet another wooden bridge in 1985) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_dell'Accademia Wikipedia]

'''Le Havre''' 
French port city on the Atlantic (English Channel).

'''''ma via''''' 
Meaning "come on!", in Italian. -- blicero2

'''third eyes touching''' 
The third eye, as existing on some reptiles is a dorsal organ that is receptive to light, otherwise known as the ''pineal eye''. Since the two half-sisters are obviously not reptiles, this reference might allude to the figurative third eye, or the eye of the mind, heart or soul. When the two touch foreheads, they are able to peer into each other consciences, by way of these third eyes. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/third+eye /Dictionary Entry]

==Page 584==

'''"Swiss insurance salesman. Wolf. No, Putzi."''' 
Bria's had so many beaux she gets them confused? One was a wolf; the other a putz?
:''Wolf'' is an uncommon given name but also a diminutive of Wolfgang. ''Putzi'' does not come from a given name; it's like "sweetiepie," a nickname for a cute boy.

Wolf + Putzi sounds a bit like Wuffli. Peter Wuffli was the CEO of UBS (Union Bank of Switzerland) [http://www.ubs.com] from December 2001 to June 2007. He unexpectedly resigned in Jun07, some months before the subprime crisis, in which UBS had to take large financial losses, exploded. [http://www.ubs.com/1/e/investors/releases.html?newsId=127571]

Possibly related, or possibly not-- Putzi's is the club in Cuxhaven where the beleaguered Tyrone Slothrop tries to pick up his forged papers in Gravity's Rainbow. (Home of the Eisenkröte!)

'''''topo''''' [[Image:Topo.jpg|thumb|Topo Boats|right]]
A topo is a guide for a crag or climbing area; a shortened form of "topographic map" of any type of surface topology. But what is Pynchon referring to? Topo is "rat" in Italian and "awkward person" in Spanish. The Greek topos means "place" or "commonplace" None seems to refer to a "day out on the water" or a "day off work" as it seems to imply here. Interesting Pynchonesque tidbit found while researching the root source of the word topology: A term used to refer to the continuity of space and spatial properties, such as connectivity, that are unchanged after distortion. (Thanks to the The University of Melbourne's GIS glossary) Topology includes the study of the surface of an object, such a as a the paint of a canvas painting and the transformations such surfaces can undergo mathematically, including through imaginary domains.

:Pynchon writes "Some artist friends had a ''topo'' for the day." He is referring to the boat they rented. It means "mouse" in Italian and is apparently the name of a small traditional Venetian fishing boat now used for [http://www.veniceword.com/special.html touring]. As for mathematical topology, Pynchon's topological metaphors reach a crescendo in the next chapter.

'''Dogana''' 
Custom House, built on a wedge of land called ''Punta della Dogana'' (Custom Point). This wedge of land is at the entrance of the Grand Canal, as described in the text: "where the Grand Canal and the Lagoon meet". The original 14th-century customs tower was replaced by a colonnaded building named the ''Dogana de Mare'' (Sea Customs Post). See picture [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/media_1041505867_761562189_-1_1/Punta_della_Dogana_Venice.html Punta della Dogana]

'''Andrea Tancredi''' 
An artist and acquaintence made by Hunter Penhallow in Venice. His name is likely derived from the Gioacchino Rossini opera ''Tancredi'' or the Voltaire play by the same name. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancredi Wikipedia Entry] 
Tancredi, restored, is a tragedy. the soldier Tancredi and his family have been stripped of their estates and inheritances, and he himself has been banished since his youth. Two more noble families — headed by Argirio and Orbazzano — have been warring for years. Wikipedia.
Tancredi presides in exile...he is mortally wounded at the end after learning the person he thought betrayed the heroine did not.

:Actually, per [[T#tancredi|my entry in the Alpha index]], more likely the name connects with Tancredi, the time-traveling character in ''City of Death'', a four-part serial in the British science fiction television series ''Dr. Who'' which involves time travel and bilocation. Tancredi is the sole survivor of the Jagaroth race, an evil people who destroyed themselves in a war some 400 million years ago. Tancredi explains that a few escaped in a dilapidated spacecraft and found Earth in a primeval, lifeless stage of its development. The ship disintegrated upon takeoff and [[Scaroth]] tells of how he was fractured in time, splinters of his being were scattered across time and space, all identical, none complete. Whereas, in ''City of Death'', Tancredi, one of the Scaroff "splinters" living in Renaissance Italy, is plotting to create multiple Mona Lisa's for fraudulent purposes, ''Against the Day'''s Tancredi is fighting art fraud. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Death Read the synopsis of ''City of Death'']; The name "Andrea" ''could'' be a reference to the protagonist Andrea Marsh, a time-traveler in the 1889 novel, ''Timeless Love'' by Judy Hinson ([[Timeless Love|synopsis]]).

'''Seurat and Signac''' 
George Seurat (1859-1891) and Paul Signac (1863-1935), French painters who developed pointillism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointillism Wikipedia entry].

'''Divisionism''' 
Term invented by Paul Signac to describe the Neo-Impressionist separation of colour into dots or patches applied directly to the canvas. From Grove Dictionary of Art.

'''Marinetti''' 
The Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti was the first among [the Futurists] to produce a manifesto of their artistic philosophy in his Manifesto of Futurism (1909)(see below).

'''"Futurists"''' 
Practitioners or followers of Futurism, an early 20th century art movement that is considered the genesis of Cubism, Dada and Art Deco. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism_%28art%29 Wikipedia entry].Marinetti summed up the major principles of the Futurists, including a passionate loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions. He and others also espoused a love of speed, technology and violence. The car, the plane, the industrial town were all legendary for the Futurists, because they represented the technological triumph of man over nature.

'''brutalism''' 
See above and The Futurists were often condemned as fascistic in their manifestos and outlook.

'''Torcello''' 
A lonely Venetian island: very peaceful and beautiful with a church and little else.

'''primitivo''' 
A kind of red wine (same as the original Zinfandel, actually).

==Page 585==

'''green-and-lavender''' 
Another clashing color scheme.

'''sirocco''' 
A hot dust-laden wind from the Libyan deserts that blows on the northern Mediterranean coast chiefly in Italy, Malta, and Sicily. 
The correct spelling in Italian is ''Scirocco''.

'''San Michele''' 
San Michele, nicknamed The Island of the Dead, is the cemetery island of Venice. It is associated with the sestiere of Cannaregio from which it lies a short distance north east.
Walls of San Michele.Along with neighbouring San Cristoforo della Pace, the island was a popular place for local travellers and fishermen to land. Mauro Codussi's Chiesa di San Michele in Isola of 1469, the first Renaissance church in Venice, and a monastery lie on the island.

'''futuristic vehicle''' 
See p. 155 [[ATD_149-170#Pages_154-155|and annotations.]] Of course, the machine-inspired Futurists would remind Hunter of this vehicle that 'had borne him to safety'!

Why? Hunter isn't the Futurist here and doesn't seem to share the same naive faith in Progress that Tancredi does.

Exactly the first commenter's point, I think. The ghosts of the future or "traces of consciousness" (p. 578) of his time-travel in the future (via the curious mass conveyance through a futuristic landcape, which Hunter was eventually disenchanted with) prevents Hunter from signing on to Tancredi's futurism. Pynchon is fleshing out Hunter's backstory, albeit vaguely or, if you wish, poetically.

'''the chill, comfortless faith in science and rationality...''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber Max Weber's] concept of rationality, and the [[Routinization of Charisma|routinization/rationalization of charisma]], is a prominent theme in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=R#routinization ''Gravity's Rainbow''] a spontaneous and charismatic source of authority is eventually "rationalized" and brought under the control of processes and rules. In Pynchon's view, it is a movement toward Death and thematically related to entropy a prominent theme in [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=E#entropy ''V.''] and, in [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#fengshui ''Mason & Dixon''], bad ''Feng Shui'' and the reduction of the fuzzy boundaries between Pennsylvania and Maryland into a straight line.

'''''Preliminary Studies...''''' 
Artists often do 'preliminary studies'..'infernal machine' comes out of Futurism's ideas.

==Page 586==
'''“One must begin by accepting Hell -- by understanding that Hell is real..."''' 
See multiple citations for ([http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=H Hell]) A book that takes us through Dante's gate twice (158, 401), has Ryder Thorn warn us explicitly that "this world.. will die and descend into Hell" (553), and ends with the words AtD ends with, may be good practice for taking Tancredi's advice.

'''Always with us.''' 
Gospel of Matthew. "The poor you will always have with you". Here reference is to born-again Christers.

'''''vero?''''' 
Literally meaning ''true'' in Italian, here it is used as you would use: "Are you talking of an infernal machine, ''aren't you'' ?"

'''Hell in a small bounded space ... But the finite space would expand rapidly''' 
Tancredi is probably envisioning the onset of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_war_i World War I], which hangs over the entire novel. The war began with the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, an event in land-locked Bosnia that led to a chain-reaction triggering of formal alliances and national interests, i.e. an infernal machine. The cultural changes brought on by the war, continuing through the Twentieth Century, include the suppression of Christianity in Eastern Europe and its decline as an ideology in the West. Of course, this is also an allusion to an actual chain-reaction, an atomic bomb, which begins with a small implosion.

'''We desire transformation''' 
Aligns the explosion-loving Tancredi with the Rilke-quoting Blicero from Gravity's Rainbow. '"Want the Change," Rilke said, "O be inspired by the Flame!"' (GR p.97)

It also might be helpful to recall that Shiva, who has been referred to implicitly numerous times already in ATD, is the transformative/destructive deity of the Hindi Trimurti.

This section also sets up Tancredi as an opposite of Hunter, who on p.577 wants to find a "neutral hour", that "goes neither forwards or back", and on the same page "felt no desire to join in, quite the opposite." Hunter himself is much like Katje from GR. Page 97 again: "But not Katje: No mothlike plunge. He must conclude that secretly she fears the change..."

'''orpiment yellow''' 
A yellow color pigment ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpiment Wikipedia])

'''Nürnberg violet''' 
An artificial color pigment discovered in 1868 in the city of Nuremberg

==Page 587==

'''"The energies of motion, the grammatical tyrannies of becoming, in divisionismo we discover how to break them apart into their component frequencies . . . we define a smallest element, a dot of color which becomes the basic unit of reality . . . .''' 
This seems to describe both the kind of painting done by Tancredi and atomic research. Breaking material into its atomic unit, the basic unit of reality, is literally part of the "energies of motion."
This also describes how a television set works. The screen is composed of millions of tiny dots that, taken together, create moving pictures.

'''Brownian movement''' 
Also called Brownian motion. It is the irregular motion of small particles suspended in a liquid or a gas, caused by the bombardment of the particles by molecules of the medium
first divscovered by botanist Robert Brown (1773-1858) in 1827. Einstein in one of his four ''Annus Mirabilis Papers'' of 1905 explained the random motion using molecular kinetic theory of heat. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:young Einstein]].

'''I really love the old dump''' 
For the same reason Dally does: Venice has what Pynchon called (in ''V.'') "Temporal Bandwidth": a life in a depth of time, a simultaneous humane immersion in past, present and future. The canals of industrialized Belgium are silted up, the connections to its Hanse past lost, paved and tracked over. This has not, and cannot, happen to Venice; even a Futurist painter cannot carry out the appaling modernization he describes. Venice is a place to hide from the future; indeed, in terms of physical destruction, the world wars barely touched La Serenisima.

'''''nebbia, nebbietta, foschia, caligo, sfumato''''' 
Varieties of fog.

'''speed of sound''' 
Air temperature is more important than density.

'''''La Velocità del Suono''''' 
Italian, "speed of sound"

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

Princess Casamassima, The

2010-08-31T20:45:43Z

Bangorang:

[http://www.henryjames.org.uk/pcasa/home.htm etext]

This book is the anti-''Against the Day, appropriate to the 1893-era anti-anarchist Chums.

HJ's reactionary theses:

* the nobility has a monopoly on fine feelings

* only expensive things gratify those feelings

* political movements can be successful only when led by nobles

* nobles will be loyal to their own in the end

Parallels to ''Against the Day'':

* spunky young urchiness makes limited inroads in society (Millicent/Dally)

* aristocratic women slumming with socialists (Reef and Ruperta)

* secret political meetings in back rooms (Lew, Webb)

* lower class young man learns upper class manners (Kit)

* planned political assassination (Tancredi)

I don't think it's fair to call HJ a "reactionary" just as below someone assumes, citing "most critics", that tPC is not based on any substantive knowledge of "anarchism". HJ was a socialist in hs youth and like a lot of other "canonical" authors in that time period (Shaw, Wilde, so on). Was HJ rich and famous? Yes and no. HJ had a lot of money problems and his books never made any money. He was well-known later in his life after publishing a HUGE amount of fiction and non-fiction. But TRP is rich and famous too, and nobody's calling him "reactionary" here. My own theory is that tPC engages with AtD in a number of ways only lightly touched on here. I'm trying to get my article on this overlap published so, sadly enough, I can't reveal all my research and conclusions here, though. My point is just that too many assumptions are being made about HJ and we should all go back and read his books carefully without leaping to any hasty conclusions.

* funny names (Hyacinth Robinson, Eustache Poupin)

Different people will certainly see different qualities in the book. Here's an alternative set of comments '''(with SPOILERS).'''

Set mostly in England in the early 1880s, ''The Princess Casamassima'' (''PC'') follows the life of Hyacinth Robinson, son of a French servant and (he thinks) an English aristocrat. He is fostered by Amanda Pynsett, an unsuccessful dressmaker, after his mother is sent to prison for killing the nobleman. Hyacinth grows up a sensitive man who believes he's inherited his taste and perceptiveness from his parents. People around him feel deep affection for him. The social position (or lack of it) that comes with his trade as a bookbinder brings him into contact with agitators: socialists who talk revolution.

Through a back-room acquaintance Hyacinth meets the Princess Casamassima, a great beauty who is living in London, separated from the Prince. She proves to be a sterling character who shares the ideas of the socialists. (The novel does not tell how she came to such views, though the earlier ''Roderick Hudson'' may explain.) Hyacinth and the Princess become close friends in their asymmetrical way.

Inflamed by the socialists' rhetoric, Hyacinth takes a mighty oath to obey any order he may receive from their leadership. In time, however, his relationship with the Princess weakens his feeling for "the people" and leads him to the view that it's only the class system that has made culture possible. At length the order comes: He is to murder a duke. Unable to carry out his vow in the face of his changing ideas, Hyacinth kills himself.

It isn't hard to find parallels between ''PC'' and ''AtD.'' The young assassin who fails and dies is an undeniable one (as noted at the top of the page: Hyacinth and Tancredi). Another is the evolution of characters' core beliefs and allegiances as they gain fuller exposure to conditions in the world (Hyacinth and the Chums of Chance).

Does ''PC'' play any controlling role in ''AtD,'' though? This is one of just a few books that Pynchon cites by title; Pugnax reads and appreciates it, and Lindsay is at least familiar with its setting. You have to pay attention to that! But Henry James' novel tracks just one life in one main plot, while ''AtD'' picks up and drops a couple of dozen characters' stories. Any parallel we find is likely to be contradicted by another.

Here's an example: Franz Ferdinand rubbing elbows with the Negroes in Chicago and the Princess attending a London music-hall show. F.F. outrages the crowd and leaves without paying his tab; the Princess comes away with a new appreciation for the lower classes. Not much there to draw inferences from. F.F. doesn't like Hungarians and the Princess doesn't like the French; but he hunts the one while she simply avoids the other. Again.

Of course the Spongiatostas make an analogy to the Casamassimas. Both princesses belong to the world of fashion, both befriend lower-class people possibly on their way up (Hyacinth and Dally), both have some radical leanings, neither is present when her husband is. But Princess C. drives the plot of her book, while Princess S. distinctly belongs to the third rank of characters in hers.

The biggest failed parallel between ''The Princess Casamassima'' and ''Against the Day,'' though, is in ideologies: not the apparent ideologies of their authors, but those of their characters. James' socialists express just one definite idea—the duke's murder—and it comes only in the last 40 pages of this long novel. Yes, the socialists are doing the Devil's work, thinking in unsuitable ways about the structure of society, hostile to any culture higher than a street ballad; but James doesn't even make these points explicitly, as if he knew his readers would fill in the gaping blank with lurid stereotypes. You can read all the way through ''PC'' and never think for a moment that James knew more about socialism than he could read in a day's newspapers.

Pynchon's characters express their ideas pretty clearly in word and deed. The Chums of Chance in particular—theirs is by far the most compelling plot in ''AtD''—begin as anarchist-haters working for Porfirio Díaz, but in the middle of the book (after the Harmonica Academy) they find they have become the Compassionate, and at the end they are approaching an anarchistic state of grace. Scarsdale Vibe talks out his principles, fears and plans with Foley Walker, then has Walker implement them. The Traverses acquire labor and individualist-anarchist views, but besides discussing them they put them into action. (Kit above all: His suspicion of Vibe is almost congenital, and his European stay is the way he, unlike his father, can stay alive to oppose the plutocrats in the long term.)

Because James gives the reader so little to grip, other than Hyacinth's world of sensations, it is hard to describe his premises as "reactionary," as another wiki contributor has (top of this page). The qualities that make Hyacinth a good Henry James hero have nothing to do with what Hyacinth believes. It is fair, though, to say the author leads him to a kind of class-based enlightenment.

In short, Pynchon makes articulated ideas the basis and context for action; James presents action through Hyacinth's impressions without causing the underlying ideas to be stated clearly. It's arguable that this contrast between the two novels is stronger—and more nearly a "controlling" factor—than any parallels are.

'''Some questions''' 
In the worlds that James and Pynchon write about, "socialism" or "anarchism" is a scare-word; it stands for a menace, not a set of ideas. Which of these two novels fits better with the present model of scare writing in which "terrorism" plays the same role?

The one concrete goal that anyone in ''PC'' expresses is Hyacinth's promise to kill the duke. Is the author or the narrator trying to suggest that pledging oneself to a definite goal leads to death?

The anarchists in ''AtD'' earn the opposition of plutocrats with faces. Is the lack of any definite, personal opposition to the socialists in ''PC'' a weakness in the book?

:''Does'' Henry James put reactionary ideas into his book?

::[[User:Volver|Volver]] 12:57, 7 March 2007 (PST)

Henry James' themes are deeply 'conservative', yes, in Princess Casamassima. Almost all critics and James' scholars think he had
little understanding, much less sympathy, for anarchist-socialists, (unlike, in understanding, Joseph Conrad in The Secret Agent, although he too is deeply conservative in his beliefs about society and social action) I think there are more parallels with The Secret Agent than PC in ATD. For one, the novel, based on a real incident, is about an anarchistic attempt to blow up Time, so to speak, in the real symbol of the Greenwich Conservatory!

Princess Casamassima along with The Secret Agent and Dostoevsky's Possessed (also The Devils) are the (only) major three 'canonical' works
in the literary tradition to Pynchon's coming-of-age time which deal with 'terrorists', anarchists fictionally. Essays have been written comparing and contrasting them since the sixties in major periodicals and
papers, such as American Scholar, Yale Review and the NYTimes. There was
a long, very intelligent essay in the NY Times within a few weeks of 9-11.

I will argue that we see TRP as a literary critic in ATD re Princess Casamassima, as Pugnax, dog of war, reads that famously difficult bourgeois writer of psychological complexity, Henry James' weakest book
(arguably); Pugnax, a reader who liked "lurid' tales---TRP saying if Pugnax thinks PC is "lurid", then wait...wait until all of the Chums--storybook characters at the start!--experience "real" reality. I think Pugnax and the Chums are linked to the cruise ship Stupendica and its turn into a battleship thematically in TRP's book--and to all of easy-living bourgeoisie living off of the hard labor of the exploited (and worse).
[User: MKohut, March 13, 2007]

ATD 557-587

2010-08-30T03:05:50Z

Bangorang: /* Page 577 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 557==

'''Viktor Mulciber''' 
Well, no benign associations with "Mulciber"! Mulciber is an alternative name of the Roman god Vulcan, the god of fire and volcanoes, and the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, and armor for gods and heroes. Mulciber is also the name of a character in John Milton's ''Paradise Lost'', the architect of the demon city of Pandemonium. When Pynchon was alluded to on The John Larroquette Show [80s or 90s], the book he was said to be working on was called ''Pandemonium of the Sun''. 
In the Harry Potter books, Mulciber is a Death Eater, a minor Dark Wizard.

'''bespoke''' 
made to order, hence hand-made and expensive. Somewhere in the novel is a reference to 1 Savile Row, the address of Gieves and Hawkes, a very traditional English tailor.

'''Basil Zaharoff''' 
Sir Basil Zaharoff, originally Zacharias Basileios, (1849, Muğla, Turkey - 1936, Monte Carlo, Monaco) was a Greek arms trader and financier, the director and chairman of the Vickers munitions firm during World War I [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaharoff_Basil]. He also turns up as an international arms dealer in Reilly, Ace of Spies.

In addition to the arms-dealing and being semi-fictionalized, Zaharoff is also notable for bribing the Japanese Admiral, helping to incorporate the company that eventually became British Petroleum, and through his association with Louis II of Monaco, the purchase of the Société des Bains de Mer, which ran the famous Monte Carlo casino.

'''trains of history... run''' 
Karl Marx, in ''Das Kapital'', referred to wars as the "express trains of history" because they can spark societal or national crises, marking a historical turning point, and they can release economic, social, and moral forces of unforeseen power and dimensions, making any return to the status quo impossible.
Also notice TRP's steady referencing of 'railroads' in a negative way.

'''Q-weapon''' 
Possible allusion to Professor Kokintz's "Q-bomb" in ''The Mouse That Roared'' (1959) or to James Bond's master armorer Q. It could also be an allusion to the character "Q" in Star Trek where the name "Q" is also shared by other members of the Q Continuum. Q is a mischievous omnipotent being who has taken an interest in humans. He also has a flair for the dramatic, with a mercurial personality that switches between a joking, camp style and a more ominous and even dangerous manner. While he is boastful, condescending and threatening, he arguably has humanity's best interests at heart. In the episode "The Q and the Gray" (''Star Trek: Voyager'' - 3rd season), Q weapons are provided to the crew of the Voyager to free Q and Janeway, who have been captured by rebels. [http://www.answers.com/topic/the-q-and-the-grey Synopsis]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(Star_Trek) Wikipedia]. Looney Tunes character Marvin the Martian possesses an earth-destroying weapon known as the Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator.

In this context, the Q stands for "Quaternion." See under [[Q]] in the alphabetical index.

See also [[Q-weapon and Photography]]...

'''Balkan ''komitadji''''' 
Originally, members of the rebel gangs ("committees"), controlled from Sofia, who made forays into Macedonia, the chief object of Bulgarian expansionism before WWI. The word was also commonly used for Serbian irregular fighters.

:See this slightly different [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komitadji Komitadji].

'''waybill''' 
Ancestor of what Fedex and UPS call "shipping document"; it identifies the article shipped and contains necessary addresses and instructions.

'''metamorphosed into an American Negro''' 
Cf honorary Negro (Frank above).

More like an actual negro. Dr V. Ganesh Rao, as was explained earlier, literally transforms after each quaternionic yoga pose.

'''Nipponese''' 
Japanese

'''peach''' 
Plum, actually.

'''Hertzian''' 
Electromagnetic waves, first demonstrated by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz Heinrich Hertz] (Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318:Hertz]]).

'''they cannot strictly . . . longitudinal as well as transverse''' 
Hertz's theory and Maxwell's equations describe ''transverse'' waves in which the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of travel; no longitudinal waves--with vibrations parallel to the direction of travel--are permitted. In air, sound waves are longitudinal; what's suggested here is a new wave that does not fit the Hertz-Maxwell paradigm.

==Page 558==

'''scalar part''' 
Quaternion equivalent of the real part. 
A scalar quantity in geometry has magnitude but not direction. The length of a line segment is a scalar. 
Time is a scalar term.

'''baritone in a barbershop quartet''' 
[http://www.barbershop.org/web/groups/public/documents/pages/pub_id_000827.hcsp Quote]:Technically speaking, barbershop harmony is a style of unaccompanied singing with three voices harmonizing to the melody. The lead usually sings the melody, with the tenor harmonizing above the lead. The bass sings the lowest harmonizing notes and the baritone provides in-between notes, either above or below the lead to make chords (specifically, dominant-type or "barbershop" sevenths) that give barbershop its distinctive, "full" sound.

'''viola in a string quartet''' 
Two violins, a viola, and a violoncello make up a string quartet. The viola is between the others in pitch and is generally considered to have been given the least interesting parts in Classical and Romantic music for string quartet. 
Classical musicians have a whole culture of viola-player jokes. Like drummers in rock bands.

'''Further Term''' 
The three parts of a quaternion that are multiples of '''i''', '''j''' and '''k''' (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525: Quaternions]].)

'''the fulfiller of the Trinity''' 
the name of the first atom bomb detonated at Los Alamos. Alluded to earlier as the "Anti-Stone" (Webb and Merle, p.78). The origin of the name Trinity for this event is uncertain. It is commonly thought that Robert Oppenheimer provided the name, which would seem logical, but even this is not definitely known. A leading theory is that Oppenheimer did select it, and that he did so with reference to the divine Hindu trinity of Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer). Oppenheimer had an avid interest in Sanskrit literature (which he had taught himself to read), and following the Trinity test is reported to have recited a passage from the Bhagavad-Gita that is quoted earlier in this wiki. 

The usage of the Tibetan Mount Kailash, the holy dwelling place of Shiva, God of destruction and regeneration, on p. 437 seems to support this.

Also, a religious allusion to the three-person Godhead in Christian theology. 
Also, third ATD meaning!, a college in Dublin mentioned on page 560.

Also,"the Destroyer, the fulfiller of the trinity" recalls the Destroyer on page 154, the meteorite, and thus relates ''that'' passage to the Anti-Stone.

Also, in Jungian Psychology the 'fulfiller' of the trinity, making it a complete four-aspect entity, is the 'shadow', or traditionally, the devil (the force always excluded and seen as bad in Christian theology). Cf. C. G. Jung, "Versuch einer psychologischen Deutung des Trinitätsdogmas", Gesammelte Werke 11, especially p.179-94. Interestingly, Jung uses the term 'quaternarisch' for this. More Q-talk, then.

'''the pulselessness of salvation''' 
salvation lies outside of time?

'''A weapon based on Time''' 
Time is why there is entropy, that key Pynchonian term. Pynchon has created a brilliant metaphor that uses the concept uniquely. The Q-weapon, at the heart of which lies "a crystal about the size of a human eyeball" is based on Time. What becomes of the Q-weapon after Umeki (possibly) gives it to Halfcourt in Constantinople? ([[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1036|See page 1036...]])

'''"...you could become the most feared person in history." ... "I'd rather be loved," said Root.''' 
Echoes Machiavelli's famous aphorism, "It is much safer to be feared than loved."

'''laterite''' 
A mineral structure formed by erosion, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laterite Wikipedia]. Laterite is typically rich in metal oxides and poor in organic matter.

'''Ostend''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Ostend]]. Ostend (Dutch: Oostende, French & German: Ostende) is a Belgian municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It comprises the villages of Mariakerke, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest at the Belgian coast. Wikipedia.

'''Inner Boulevards''' 
streets in Brussels."In spite of the competition of the Central or Inner Boulevards, the Montagne de la Cour still remains the principal street for shopping in Brussels." "Brussels", Antiques Digest, 1904.

'''Gare du Midi''' 
The largest railway station in Brussels and a haunt of prostitutes.

<div id="gevaert"></div>'''Edouard Gevaert''' 
It seems this gentleman is fictional. although there are some interesting, but tenuous, connections. Agfa-Gevaert is the current owner of the [[W#wardenclyffe|Wardenclyffe Tower]] facility which housed the Tesla Tower. [http://www.maerlant.be/photherel/student/nvgevaert.htm Lieven Gevaert] (1868-1935) was a Belgian industrialist who founded Gevaert & Co. which produced photographic paper, in 1894. The company specialized in "daylight" paper, which relies on the event of exposure of the positive image through daylight, as opposed to development paper which is based on a process of special manipulation with chemicals. (Are photographs "stolen goods"? "Unworldy go-betweens"? Is the Q-Weapon a ... camera? No. It unlocks Time, animating the photograph - [[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1036|See page 1036]]) Agfa (Actien-Gesellschaft für Anilin-Fabrikation) was founded in 1864 as a manufacturer of dies and stains. In World War II, it became part of IG Farben (prominent in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=IG_Farben_References ''Gravity's Rainbow'']. The Allies broke up IG Farben after the war and Agfa emerged as an individual company. And, well, there ''was'' a Dutch arms dealer named Edouard de Beaumont (1841-1895) who has a rifle named after him. Yes, a stretch... Upon further reflection, I believe "Edouard" may refer to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muybridge Eadweard Muybridge] (Edouard was a variant spelling he earlier used) and his photographic experiments with ''freezing'' motion/Time.

==Page 559==

'''Krupp field-piece''' 
The Krupps are an ancient German family, famous for making weapons. A field-piece is a light-cannon.

'''vaguely glandular''' 
Describes Belgium, it seems.

'''''ostinato''''' 
A continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm.

'''poleaxed''' 
Stunned, brought to a mental standstill. (A poleaxe was used in slaughterhouses.)

'''lost to silence''' 
(Not silent, or very?)Very

==Page 560==

'''Wellington Hippodrome''' 
A race track in Ostend. (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 528|page 528:Hippodrome]].)

'''Estacade''' 
:A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the approach of an enemy. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Estacade]

'''''mousmée... mouchard''''' 
French: a young Japanese woman; a police spy.

mouchard: informer

:When Henry James revised ''The Princess Casamassima'' for the 1909 New York edition, the phrase "middle-class spy" in the 1886 text became ''mouchard''. Source: note by Patricia Crick in Penguin Classics edition.

'''always lead an irregular life''' 
Cf GR.

'''Maria Bayley Hamilton''' 
Hamilton's wife !!!

'''council meeting''' 
???

==Page 561==

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
It was on this site that the [[H#hamilton|mathematician William Rowan Hamilton]], in a flash of genius, came upon the formula for Quaternions and scratched it into the stone of the bridge.

About the bridge, the carving, photos of them, a couple of mathematicians' impression of the bridge, etc, see [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/octonions/node24.html Brougham Bridge].

'''on the stone''' 
The bridge is evidently a stone bridge. Stone, a natural thing, is a good for Pynchon. Hamilton's action is metaphorically a deeply religious moment. "Pentecostal" wherein the Quaternions 'descend' to earth [in the thoughts of men].

'''''i² = j² = k² = ijk = –1''''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Quaternion]].

'''Pentecostal''' 
Pentecost (< Greek πεντηκοστή [ἡμέρα], pentekostē [hēmera], "the fiftieth day") is the fiftieth day after Easter Sunday, which corresponds to the tenth day after Ascension Thursday. It is a feast in the Christian liturgical calendar — symbolically related to the Jewish festival of Shavuot — that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and the followers of Jesus on that day, as described in the Book of Acts, Chapter 2. Pentecost is also called "Whitsunday" (deriving from "Wit Sunday") in UK and other English-speaking areas.

Almost needless to say, the Pentecostal revelation is what is supposed to happen at the end of "Lot 49".

'''official Mischief Opportunity''' 
like 'shore leave', it seems. To leave the rules of the Organization and create mischief.

'''absinthe spoons''' 
absinthe spoons have slits whereon are placed sugar cubes through which one pours the absinthe

'''cravats''' 
A cravat is the neckband forerunner of the modern, tailored necktie. From the end of the 16th century, the term "band" applied to any long-strip neckcloth that was not a "ruff"; the ruff—a starched, pleated white linen strip—started its fashion career earlier in the 16th century as neckcloth that could be changed-a-fresh to keep the neck of a doublet from becoming too-soiled or as a bib or a napkin. A "band" could indicate a plain, attached shirt collar or a detachable "falling band" that draped over the doublet collar. 
Necktie fashions have changed over time. The modern cravat originated in the 1630s when Western Europeans saw Croats wearing extravagant neck scarves; the French word ''cravate'' meant "Croatian cavalryman."

'''"four-door farce"''' 
(See eg Bogdanovich's "What's Up, Doc?")
This is also a pun on the name of Georges Feydeau, French writer of farces who was writing when Pynchon's novel is set. One of the recurring physical jokes involves sets with many doors and people coming in and out, just missing each other....

The ranking of farces by door number is mostly jocular. Neil Simon's ''Rumors'' is a fine example of a seven-door farce.

==Page 562==

'''Minque''' 
the fish auction house.

'''Bruges''' 
A city about 18 miles east of Ostende, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Bruges]].

'''Ghent''' 
A city about 40 miles southeast by east from Ostend, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Ghent]].

'''carillons . . . carillonneur''' 
The [http://www.gcna.org/crlnexp.html carillon] was popular in Belgium before it caught on in most other places. It comprises a set of bells, matched in character, forming a scale (a couple of chromatic octaves or even more), with the beaters or clappers mechanically linked to a keyboard. A later development replaced muscle power with electromechanical linkages. In a still later "advance," the carillon was automated with music-box-like control. The American practice of playing recorded bells through loudspeakers is a inexpensive way to imitate carillon music. 
The carillonneur is the master at the keyboard. 
English-style bell ringing is a totally different pursuit, using (often imperfectly) tuned bells actuated in nonmelodic sequences. The bells, not the clappers, are swung with ropes. The effect of an eight-bell "peal" and a team of ringers with plenty of time on their hands—as heard by this American contributor in Bristol one spring Sunday—is perfectly charming. 
By the way: The word "carillon" is derived from the Latin "quaternio" (= consisting of four elements)...

'''Hanseatic''' 
The Hansa or Hanseatic League (definitely a creation of "the Christian North," next paragraph) was a great mercantile system that held itself above national rule.

'''burghers''' 
middle-class married men 
Well, a bit more than that: a burgher was a 'citizen', but not everyone had that status. Originally town-dweller of the craftsman or merchant class, probably a member of a guild, and thus eligible to serve in the corporation or town council. Later it comes to mean something like 'bourgeois', which has the same origin, and later still just a 'solid citizen'. In Germanic-speaking countries today it's just a citizen in the broadest sense, someone who has citizenship.

'''silted up''' 
backed up, underwater, with mud; i.e. neglected, because replaced by railroads. -As it silted up "back in the 1400s" we can safely exclude the influence of railroads.

'''Damme and Sluis''' 
Port cities near Bruges, heavily dependent on them from the 14th Century. 
See [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/communities/damme.htm Damme] and [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/arounddamme/sluis.htm Sluis]. For an overview map, showing cannals, roads etc, of the general area around Bruges-Damme-Sluis see [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/maps/generaloverview.htm Bruges-Damme-Sluis]

==Page 563==

'''trusted his intuitiveness''' 
Woevre is a natural killer.

'''''"Jou moerskont!"''... Afrikaans''' 
Possibly "you horse's ass"? --More likely something like "mother's cunt".

==Page 564==

'''voices of everyone he had ever put to death had been ... scored for some immense choir''' 
A possible reference to ''Star Wars'': Obi-wan experiences the obliteration of an entire planet as "a great disturbance in the Force, as if millions of voices suddenly cried out in terror and were suddenly silenced." [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076759/quotes]

Also another potentially time-less event, all of Woevre's murders collapsed into a single moment.

The "choir" image occurs several times in ''AtD.'' [[ATD_1-25#Page_19|One example.]]

'''"I cannot bear it ... this terrible light..."''' 
Shades of the Kirghiz Light in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=The_Kirghiz_Light ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''''Voetsak''''' 
Afrikaans (maybe Dutch too): Go away! Also spelled ''voertsek'' or ''voetsek.'' 
Borrowed in English with the spelling ''footsack.'' The Urban Dictionary, which often excites skepticism, has [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=footsack a useful entry] with a marginally plausible etymology. In [http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/lit/drama/Finished/chap5.html ''Finished'' (1916),] novelist H. Rider Haggard glossed it this way: "Among Europeans he rejoiced in the name of Footsack, a Boer Dutch term which is generally addressed to troublesome dogs and means 'Get out.'" And in a defective 1943 book for young readers, ''Great Caesar's Ghost'' (by Manning Coles, creator of gentleman op Tommy Hambledon), an English merchant seaman says, "Get out, 'op it, vamoose, footsack, imshi, or I'll—" [http://www.absp.org.uk/words/interjections.html ''Imshi''] is British service slang for "go."

'''starers''' 
Those who stared at Kit earlier.

'''dramatic performance''' 
referring to 'No'?

'''tobacco-stricken''' 
A smoker's deep or gritty voice.

'''half-silvering''' 
A design for an optical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_splitter beam splitter] that causes half of the incident light to be transmitted and the other half to be reflected.

'''the fatal number four—to a Japanese mind''' 
Japanese character for number "four" has the same pronunciation as that of character "death". 
Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 258|page 258:Japanese character for "four"]].

'''four cusps... index-surface''' 
???

'''co-conscious''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 527|page 527:co-conscious]]. Repeat here: "mental processes outside the main stream of consciousness but sometimes available to it - from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary."

Third use, I think. Who/what is co-conscious here? (First time, page 478; then page 527.)

Could it be the dimly perceived consciousness of one's double in the adjacent, alternate world? Or one's consciousness of that world?

==Page 565==

'''true icosahedron''' 
Probably a regular icosahedron, where the sides are formed by 20 equilateral triangles. For a picture see [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Icosahedron.html Icosahedron].

'''12+8... pyrites''' 
Pyrite crystals form a structure that can be decomposed into unit cells that contain (part of) 12 sulphur atoms and 8 iron atoms.

'''Riemann sphere''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_sphere Wikipedia]

'''Felix Klein''' 
German mathematician ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Klein Wikipedia])

'''ebonite''' 
An early plastic([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebonite Wikipedia])

'''Ohmic Drift Compensator''' 
ohm = the practical meter-kilogram-second unit of electric resistance equal to the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampere; The Ohmic Drift Compensator a key component of the Q-weapon "regulates how much light is allowed to enter the silvering of the mirror! Special kind of refraction! Calibrated against imaginary index! Dangerous! Of the essence!'" See also [[ATD 525-556#Page 541|Page 541]].

'''speed of the earth . . . kinetic energy''' 
Einstein in 1905 showed most of this argument to be nonsense, but if Lorentz's paper is still recent (next entry) the shift in thinking may not have happened yet. 
::Umeki refers on page 564 to 'Minkowskian space-time', which is a geometrical interpretation of Special Relativity, so she must be well aware of Einstein's theory. In fact, this reference to Minkowski, and those at pp 594 and 602, seem to place these episodes after 1908. However, p 596 seems to make Kit's stay in Göttingen contemporary with the 1905 revolution in Russia. So... either Umeki and Yashmeen have knowledge of Minkowski's theories before he makes them public, or (and this gets my vote) it just isn't possible to construct a consistent, real-world chronology for the novel.
:Since the earth's mean orbital speed ( ~ 30 km/s) is rather small in comparison with the speed of light ( ~ 300,000 km/s), no relativistic correction is needed in calculating earth's orbital kinetic energy. And in a reference frame anchored on the Sun, the earth's kinetic eneregy, ''E = ½ m v²'', where ''m'' is the earth mass and ''v'' it's orbital speed, still holds. Einstein showed only that it is no longer true against the nonexistent stationary ''æther''. Of course, it is irrelevant to an earthbound weapon tried to make use of this energy against a person who is standing on the earth.

'''Recently Lorentz's paper''' 
Lorentz's 1904 "Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity less than that of light" ([http://www.soso.ch/wissen/hist/SRT/L-1904.pdf PDF])

'''Lorentz . . . Fitzgerald . . . along the axis of motion''' 
It was the phenomenon of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, together with the abolition of the æther by Michelson and Morley, that led Einstein to his theory of special relativity.
:Michelson and Morley did NOT abolish the æther. Their experiement (1887), attempting to detect the light speed change due to the effect of the æther wind, was a total failure, and they could not explain the negative result.
::OK, would you accept "the abolition of the æther hypothesis in consequence of Michelson and Morley's work"? In fact, that negative result—replicated many times since—did render the notion of the luminiferous æther untenable, as the next two paragraphs make clear.
:The Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis was proposed to explain the "null" result of the Michelson-Morley experiment but still keeping the æther. (see paragraph 8 of Lorentz's 1904 paper above). Lorentz considered the contraction was not physically real but a device to explain the Michelson-Morley experiment. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_Fitzgerald_contraction_hypothesis Lorentz_Fitzgerald Contraction]).
::Some of the repetitions of the M-M experiment, all yielding the same result, were performed by Morley with Dayton C. Miller. In the 1920s Miller conducted his own aether-drift experiments, recording ''positive'' results (i.e. apparently detecting the aether) and in 1925 was awarded an 'American Society for the Advancement of Science' prize for this work. So it was certainly not universally accepted that the original M-M experiment made the aether hypothesis untenable: it was believed by some scientists that the experiment had simply been a failure. Check out ''The Golem'' by Harry Collins and Trevor Pinch for the whole story.
:Einstein (1905) derived the Lorentz contraction directly, without assuming the existence of the æther, from the ''Principle of Relativity'' (ie different observers moving at a constant speed with respect to each other find the laws of physics to be identical and find the speed of light to be the same), and proved that Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis had been "ad-hoc". And Einstein explain the failure of Michelson-Morley experiment by abolishing the æther !

'''Lord Rayleigh [...] wonders if such motion might not cause a crystalline body to become double refracting''' 
John William Strutt, third Baron Rayleigh (1842-1919) was one of the very few members of higher nobility who won fame as an outstanding scientist. Lord Rayleigh's first researches were mainly mathematical, concerning optics and vibrating systems, but his later work ranged over almost the whole field of physics, covering sound, wave theory, colour vision, electrodynamics, electromagnetism, light scattering, flow of liquids, hydrodynamics, density of gases, viscosity, capillarity, elasticity, and photography.

This specific reference is to Lord Rayleigh's paper published in the ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character'', Vol. 98, No. 692 (Jan. 3, 1921), pp. 284-296, entitled "Double Refraction and Crystalline Structure of Silica Glass." The introduction:

:Silica glass, as is well known, may be produced by the fusion of clear crystalline quartz. In this way a clear transparent product is obtained. The present paper deals only with this kind of silica glass. The cruder variety, known as vitreosil, which is prepared from sand, is not free enough from bubbbles and striae to allow satisfactory observation.

:That silica glass may be doubly refracting was noticed in casual observations, made to test its suitability for windows, in my experiments on the scattering of light by gases. It soon become clear that this double refraction could not in all cases be due to stress, but was to be attributed to something of the nature of crystalline structure. At the same time, the double refraction is very weak indeed compared with that of crystalline quartz.

:Glasses have generally been considered essentially amorphous, and, indeed, this property would usually be invoked in the definition of a glass. It may be that, in view of the present results, the definition will need to be modified, though this point is hardly ripe for discussion. In the meantime, I still use the term silica glass.

:I have not met with similar effects in any of the ordinary complex glasses. When these are doubly refracting, it is always attributable to strain. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0950-1207(19210103)98%3A692%3C284%3ADRACSO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7]

==Page 566==

'''In a dream...''' 

This passage, describing Kit's dream of Umeki and the message it conveys, pulls together many of the main themes of ''Against the Day'', tying things together in a way that Pynchon seldom does, almost as if he's providing a rather large piece of the puzzle to help the reader understand the novel:

:"Deep among the equations describing the behavor of light, field equations, Vector and Quaternion equations, lies a set of directions, an intinerary, a map to a hidden space. Double refraction appears again and again as a key element, permitting a view into a Creation set just to the side of this one, so close as to overlap, where the membrane between the worlds, in many places, has become too frail, too permeable, for safety.... Within the mirror, with the scalar term, within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark intinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist."

This is rather a good description of ''AtD'' itself. It is a (inevitably) "corrupted pilgrim's guide", but is the guide corrupted, or the pilgrim?

'''analogies''' 
(Pynchonian heuristics.)

'''the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first''' 
Cf. p. 436 '''holy pilgrimages. One defines a destination, proceeds through a series of stations...

'''lightless uncreated''' 
(Gnostic heresy?)

'''...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist.''' 
Compare with "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light." '''and''' "the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp" ([[ATD 1018-1039#Page 1032|p. 1032]]);

'''stuffed sinus''' 
sinus/nasal congestion. It is like looking out onto a new world when one's sinus finally clears after days of congestion.

'''''Konichiwa''''' 
''sic'' for "Konnichiwa / Kon nichi wa" -- Japanese greeting.

==Page 567==

'''new Puccini opera''' 
Obviously, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Butterfly Madame Butterfly]

'''[Americans] can't ever die of shame''' 
shameless, unlike the Japanese

'''Kimura-san''' 
Kimura ( "tree village") is the 18th most common Japanese surname.
-san is used as a courtesy title in Japanese-speaking areas as a suffix to the given name, surname, or title of the person being addressed, regardless of age or gender: Yamamoto san; sensei-san. 
Chimera-san?

Kimura is Umeki's colleague who worked with De Forest on vector analysis for syntotic wireless under Gibbs at Yale. (see p. 532 and p. 29) I think this wiki would be more useful if we focused more on internal text references rather than Google-happy idle speculation. Pynchon is pretty conscientious about providing all we need to know within the text itself.

'''Borel-Clerc... "La Matchiche"''' 
Popular vaudeville song from 1903. "La Matchiche" is French for the Brazilian dance Maxixe.

'''western anchor''' 
What about France, Spain, Portugal? Belgium is a port country with a highly developed transportation system into all of these countries. .....it was the first country to industrialize in Europe....Wikipedia.

In addition, Ostend is the westernmost port. It remains today a major Continental ferry terminus for North Sea crossings, including the fastest surface route, the hydrofoil.

'''the Orient Express''' 
The first [http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r045.html Orient Express] (1883-1914), connecting the English Channel with the Black Sea, is one of the most famous trains in Europe. It ran from Calais and Paris to Bucharest (Romania), passing through Strasbourg (France), Munich (Germany), Vienna (Austria), Pozsony (or Pressburg; now Bratislava, Slovakia) and Budapest (Hungary). From Bucharest it went through Bulgaria and then, by ferry, to Istanbul of Turkey. The original Orient Express was operated by Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits. Ever since the original Orient Express started operation, the name has become synonymous with luxury travel. After World I there were various railway routes had the name of Orient Express.

'''the Trans-Siberian''' 
The [http://www.transsib.ru/Eng/history-phases.htm Trans-Siberian] is a railway route connecting Moscow (Europe) to Vladivostok or Beijing (Far East Asia). Taking a journey by the Trans-Siberian Railway has long been considered an experience with mythological proportions. It is the longest continuous rail line on earth - about 6,000 miles over one third of the globe. In 1891, Czar Alexander III drew up planes for the Trans-Siberian and initiated its construction, and a more or less continuous route was completed in 1905. It took many more years to make the route smoothly operative.

'''the Berlin-to-Baghdad''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Railway Berlin-Baghdad (also Basra) Railway] was the route of German's expansion from Europe to the Persian Gulf, from which trade goods and supplies could be directly exchanged with the farthest of the German colonies and the world. It could also supply German industry directly with oil. Its conception (1888) and completion a couple of years later engendered great opposition from Russia, France and England as part of the "Great Game".

'''World-Island''' 
[[ATD 429-459#Page_433|See annotation at page 433]]

'''Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits''' 
"International Sleeping-Car Company", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlson_Wagonlit Wikipedia]

'''two hundred francs''' 
"None of that, Hakkabut. Hold your tongue." And, turning to Rosette, the captain said, "If, sir, I understand right, you require some silver five-franc pieces for your operation?"
"Forty," said Rosette, surlily.
"Two hundred francs!" whined Hakkabut.-- On a Comet, Jules Verne

'''theory of sets''' 
Set theory is the mathematical theory of sets, which represent collections of abstract objects. It encompasses the everyday notions, introduced in primary school, of collections of objects, and the elements of, and membership in, such collections. In most modern mathematical formalisms, set theory provides the language in which mathematical objects are described. It is (along with logic and the predicate calculus) one of the axiomatic foundations for mathematics, allowing mathematical objects to be constructed formally from the undefined terms of "set" and "set membership". It is in its own right a branch of mathematics and an active field of mathematical research. Wikipedia 
:The members of a set can be, say, [Mike, Mary, Jack, Richard, Ron, Umeki, . . . . . .], the employees of a company, or the passengers of the train leaving the station; they need NOT be abstract. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 535|page 525:set theory]].

'''Bruges Canal''' 
Belgium: Bruges canal. For a picture of the canal see [http://cruises.about.com/library/pictures/baltic/blbruges19.htm Bruges Canal].

==Page 568==

'''vaporetto''' 
A Venetian water-bus.

'''Grand Canal''' 
The main canal that runs through the heart of Venice and down past San Marco, the city's main square.

'''San Marco end''' 
See above. This is where Florian's (appears in the novel) is situated.

'''Piazzetta''' 
??? A small piazza. The large square in front of St Mark's is the Piazza San Marco. The smaller side square running beside the Palazzo Ducale down to the canal is the Piazzetta San Marco.

'''San Giorgio Maggiore''' 
A rather over-ornate church on the Grand Canal opposite San Marco.

'''spreading... cloak''' 
Cliche/allusion?

'''live here forever''' 
Pynchon special-pleading that Dally isn't just another tourist.
Or is this just a typical reaction of the tourist? And a Pynchonesque longing for home?

Quite the contrary, Dally is thinking she feels "at home" as opposed to Kit on 567 who doesn't know what home is anymore. Note too that the Zombini family have deep "roots" in Italy, and "roots" or small people are exactly part of Dally's quest and what Merle warns that wildcrafting 'seng has to be approached with whispers and carefully (p. 70)

'''Teatro Verdi in Trieste''' 
A 1200+ seat theatre built in late-eighteenth century in Trieste for classical music, opera and ballet ([http://selectitaly.com/events.php?product_id=27&city_id=122 Teatro Verdi]). With its stately columns, elaborate adornments and lush elegance it is rather an unlikely venue for magic show. Another unlikely venue for magic show is Teatro Malibran in Venice (next page).

==Page 569==

'''Malibran... Polo's house''' 
The Teatro Malibran, built at the site of Marco Polo's house, which was destroyed in 1596.
:It is still there ! Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page 355|page 355:Teatro Malibran]] and the external link (for photos, etc) listed there.

'''"pincette" pass''' 
Probably from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pincer_movement pincer movement] of military strategy.
:Professor Hoffman's ''Modern Magic'' (1876) describes three "passes with coins," La Pincette, Le Tourniquet and La Coulée. Amazon has the book for sale if anyone wants to look up the details.

'''profondes''' 
"Large pockets in tail coats which can be used for vanishes or productions", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conjuring_terms Wikipedia]

'''Vincenzo Miserere''' 
??? Misero means poor, pitiful, miserable, etc. Psalm 51 (sometimes numbered as 50) is known as the Miserere because it begins (in Latin) Miserere mei Deus (Have mercy on me, God).

'''train to Trieste''' 
???Venice and Trieste are on the opposite sides (about 70 miles apart) of the same gulf : Gulf of Venice. Taking a train from Venice to Trieste would mean taking a route several times lengthier than a ferry.

'''Svegli''' 
The fictional professor's name comes from the Italian ''sveglio'' for "clever, dextrous, skillful."

'''shark leather''' 
Different from sharkskin?

'''''Specchiere''''' 
Mirror-maker

'''glassmakers on Murano''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murano Wikipedia]

'''today''' 
When is that?

'''''guaglion''''' 
Naples dialect: ''guaglione'' is boy. (It first appeared on page 531).

==Page 570==

'''another one of his stories''' 
(Jackson Pynchon should highlight all the AtD passages that originated as bedtime stories.)

'''TERAPIA''' 
Italian, "therapy"

'''San Servolo''' 
An island in the Venetian archipelago, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo Wikipedia], [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=45.418654+N,+12.35698+E&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=45.418651,12.35698&spn=0.006891,0.010793&t=k&om=1&iwloc=addr Google Maps]

'''Palazzo Ducale''' 
The Ducal Palace in Venice, residence of the Doge. It's by San Marco.

'''''manicomio''''' 
Italian, "madhouse"

'''''paramorfico''''' 
paramorphic - see the entry for [[P|Paramorphoscope]]

'''uterine vellum''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellum Vellum] produced from the skin of an unborn calf

'''pitch, rouge''' 
Products used in the grinding of lenses and mirrors.

==Page 571==

'''La Doppiatrice''' 
Italian: the Doubler.

Perhaps an analogue of the diffraction grating that splits the electron into two "alternate" electrons in Schrodinger's thought experiment on quantum effects, source here of a sort of human quantum splitting, an alternate universe creator.

'''Ettore Sananzolo''' 
???

'''Maskelyne cabinet''' 
After Neville Maskelyne, from ''Mason and Dixon.'' Maskelyne was sent at the same time as M and D to record the Transit of Venus on St. Helena. He became Astronomer Royal while they were in America.

While Maskelyne is indeed a real person, the name is very suggestive of mescaline. The two do not seem to be "related."

More likely a descendant, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nevil_Maskelyne John Nevil Maskelyne.] --[[User:Jeffersonista|Jordan]] 13:46, 25 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 572==

'''smoke back into a cigar''' 
Time's arrow/ entropy motif.

'''hard-as-a-rock black cigar''' 
The quality of a cigar is usually higher with dark, more tightly-wrapped tobacco. Vincenzo has a fine one, it seems.

'''thumping''' 
sound/feeling of a water-bus?

'''''salso''''' 
Longest river in Sicily.Its small deltaic system there is dominated by marine processes rather than fluvial ones. It is a seasonal torrent, with brief but violent floods during the winter rains (from November to February), Is this what riding the salso in and back out again means? Riding the floods from the winter rains?

Hardly. 'Salso' (ital.) means 'salty', so this is probably a poetical word for 'the sea'.

'''''sandoli''''' 
??? The sandolo is a type of boat used in Venice, similar to a gondola but (I believe) larger.

:Actually, [http://gondolablog.blogspot.com/2009/04/sandolo-in-venezia.html smaller].

'''trains pulling in''' 
Famous early film.

==Page 573==

'''San Polo''' 
It is one of the six districts (sestieri) of Venice. (The other five are: Cannaregio, Dorsoduro, Santa Croce, San Marco, and Castello.) It (with Santa Croce and Dorsoduro) is located at the south side of the Grand Canal just across the Rialto bridge from San Marco. The San Polo district is the second most important area of Venice in terms of historical immportance and attractions for the tourists. It is the home to the Rialto market, the old artisan quarters of Venice, and the stunning Frari church.

'''Cannareggio''' 
It is commonly spelled Cannaregio. It is located north of the Grand Canal, and is one of the few parts of the city where Venetians still live in great numbers. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannaregio Canaregio].

==Page 574==

'''thirty years older''' 
About 65yo?

'''that day''' 
In NYC when Dally showed up.

'''Stronzo''' 
Italian curse word, roughly "asshole"

'''''In bocc' al lupo!''''' 
From the Roman dialect, in which the Italians – including Rocco and Pino – seem to speak. Meaning, literally, "In the
mouth of the wolf," and idiomatically, "Good luck."

Specifically, as supported by the show business context, the good-luck wish among actors: "Break a leg!"

'''''campielli''''' 
??? Small squares. A campo is literally a field and by extension a large square in a town. A campiello is a small square. I believe Venice has only one Piazza (San Marco) and the other squares are campi and campielli.

'''impersonation of itself''' 
echoes "the mountains had become geometrical impersonations of themselves", p. 394

==Page 575==

'''Riva''' 
Probably Riva del Vin by the Grand Canal; a great tourist attraction from where one can view the historical Rialto Bridge. (The word ''riva'' itself means ''river bank''). [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-025 Riva del Vin] and[http://www.altravistavenezia.it/_VirtualTours/VA/Rialto_Riva_del_Vin/rialto_riva_del_vin.html Rialto-Riva del Vin]

'''middy blouses''' 
In the style of a midshipman's blouse (shirt).

'''not yet been rebuilt''' 
Remember [[ATD 243-272#Page 256|page 256]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
prostitutes

'''Hunter Penhallow''' 
Cf. [[ATD 119-148#Page 129|page 129]] for reference to the "Venice" phase of Hunter Penhallow's painting career

'''''fondamenta''''' 
A waterside street in Venice

'''''ombreta''''' 
''ombreta de vin'' means "a glass of wine" in Venetian dialect.

'''light's good here''' 
Old joke about drunk looking for car keys under streetlight though he dropped them somewhere else.

'''inside that labyrinth . . . microcosm of all Venice''' 
A hologram has this property, that a little chip broken off it contains the entire image. This is, however, a specific reference to Fractal non-Euclidian Geometry ... self-similarity over scale. A fractal is an object or quantity that displays self-similarity, in a somewhat technical sense, on all scales. The object need not exhibit exactly the same structure at all scales, but the same "type" of structures must appear on all scales. A plot of the quantity on a log-log graph versus scale then gives a straight line, whose slope is said to be the fractal dimension. The prototypical example for a fractal is the length of a coastline measured with different length rulers. The shorter the ruler, the longer the length measured, a paradox known as the coastline paradox, mentioned by Pynchon on [[ATD_821-848#Page_821|page 821: coastline approaching infinite length]].
:Good argument for the fractal reference, better than the original one for the hologram metaphor. Hunter is not making smaller and smaller paintings ("chips") but rather exploiting an observation about scale.

==Page 576==

'''''rio''''' 
narrow waterway in Venice (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 245|page 245:''rio'']].)

'''twelve soldi''' 
A soldo is a small coin.

'''franc... ten francs''' 
One "franc": a french coin. Not much, even for standard of the times.

'''Santos-Dumont style''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 529|page 529:Monsieur Santos-Dumont]]

'''Canaletto''' 
Real name: [http://www.wga.hu/bio/c/canalett/biograph.html Zuane Antonio Canal] (1697-1768), a well-known scenery painter at the time. He went to England in 1746 and returned to Venice in 1755. 
Venetian landscape painter, 1697-1768, famous for his paintings of Venice ([http://www.artericerca.com/ven_set/Canaletto/canaletto.htm Italian website]).

As described, Penhallow's pictures are reminiscent, in spirit and in some ways content, of John Singer Sargent's Venetian paintings. Sargent also later painted one of the most haunting images of World War I, [http://jssgallery.org/Paintings/Gassed/Gassed.htm "Gassed"], showing a column of men blinded by mustard gas feeling their way to an aid station.

'''Beppo''' 
Allusion to Byron's poem "Beppo - A Venetian Story". Beppo is a husband who's been away for many years and then, returning, reclaims his wife from another man.

Beppo = Mouse, diminutive of Giuseppi. There is also Beppo Levi (born on May 14, 1875 in Turin, Italy, died on August 28, 1961 in Rosario, Argentina) Italian mathematician, director of the Mathematics Institute of the National University of the Littoral from 1939 to 1961. His work included the mathematics of alternative spaces[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beppo_Levi].

'''pitch''' 
From Merriam-Webster Dictionary: ''chiefly British: an outdoor site (as for camping or doing business).

'''Bauer-Grünwald''' 
An expensive hotel near San Marco in Venice.

'''demobilized from a war that nobody knew about . . . seeking refuge from time''' 
Hunter Penhallow, one of the Trespassers?

==Page 577==

'''a time-traveler from the future''' 
Hunter Penhallow IS a Trespasser.

Not exactly. This subplot doesn't precisely overlap with the trespasser plot, though I think Hunter has seen that version of our future. I know we have a rule against spoilers but we should feel free to go back to previous pages in the text to help us in understanding what's going on even at a basic plot level. So Hunter is from a line of crystal tycoons but stows away on Etienne Malus (p. 129) which also stows away the Destoyer (p. 144) and brings that creature back to New York where Hunter flees by being rescued by some "curious mass conveyance" (p.155) to some futuristic world. Now Hunter has come back from the future, though he doesn't know how he got to Venice. Maybe just some rift in space-time that Miles theorizes about.

''''Safe'''' 
Recent art-movie title? I think safe here means safe without allusion.

'''neutral hour?''' 
Is any moment in Time apolitical?

'''Castello''' 
Castello is the largest of the six sestieri of Venice. The district grew up from the thirteenth century around a naval dockyard on what was originally the Isole Gemini.

Not sure on the derivation of Isole Gemini; but Gemini, like Pisces (cf. Fomalhaut, the brightest star in the Pisces constellation) and Sagittarius, are the dual signs of western astrology in keeping with "bi-locations," Deuce Kindred, Renfrew/Werfner, mirrors, etc.

Jyotisha (Indian astrology) includes Virgo as a dual sign or dvisvabha rashis -- thus forming a Quaternity (4 signs or rashis)of Duality. It's interesting that Pynchon does not say Gemini and Pisces directly, but alludes to them behind Castello and Fomalhaut. Be on the lookout for twins, fish, virgins and centaurs!

'''Evening Gun''' 
"At reveille the morning gun goes off; and at retreat, the evening". From
a history description. Here is a site with picture.http://www.ziplink.net/~edkreutz/1f.html

'''Dr. Grace''' 
Renowned, full-bearded 19th-century English cricket player.

'''Charing Cross''' 
Charing Cross Railway Station, London. The original station was opened on 11 January 1864 by the South East Railway. Now, over 37 million people pass through Charing Cross every year. Situated on the forecourt of the stations is the Eleanor Cross, from which point road distances from London are measured. For more see [http://www.networkrail.co.uk/aspx/795.aspx#history Charing Cross].

==Page 578==

'''Dorsoduro''' 
An area of Venice. The Dorsoduro district is a relatively central area of the city, located on the opposie side of the Grand Canal from the San Marco district. But, at the smae time it offers the visitor a chance to explore a delightful part of the city free from the crowds of San Marco.
The Accademia Gallery, Peggy Gugggenheim Museum, and the Santa della Maria Salute Church (one of the most famous landmarks of Venice) are all located here. [http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_dorsoduro.htm Dorsoduro].

'''''pensione''''' 
A cheap Italian hotel, like a bed and breakfast.

'''La Calcina''' 
A historical hotel. La Calcina means ''The Lime House'', because the hotel was built on a 17th-century lime production site. It is located on the Zattere promenade, at the foot of the Calcina Bridge. Various Bohemian artists frequented the Café of the hotel, and John Ruskin indeed stayed at the hotel from February 13 to May 23, 1877. For the historical background of the hotel see [http://www.lacalcina.com/HTML/en/calcina_storia_en.html La Calcina].

'''eminent ghosts, Turner and Whistler, Ruskin, Browning....'''

Evokes Lytton Strachey's ''Eminent Victorians'' and this Quaternity of artists were eminent indeed (though not the subject of Strachey's book). All had a conection to Venice, and the note on Ruskin at the La Calcina above could be true of the other three as well.

Robert Browning became a ghost in Venice in 1887. Of particular historic significance, Browning was the first person to ever have his voice heard after his death. Thomas Edison recorded Browning reading his poem "How They Brought Good News from Ghent to Aix" including the poet's apologies for forgetting the words. The recording was first played in Venice in 1890.

'''''"traces of conciousness". Psychical Research beginning to open these matters..streaming by''''' 

Possible allusion to Joyce's "stream of conciousness". Ulysses is also set in 1904, the year Joyce met his wife.

But that is not the stream of consciousness refered to here, and it is the wrong "James." William James actually coined the term "stream of consciousness." Joyce was not the first to use it as a literary technique either -- he just perfected it in a way not seen before -- except perhaps in Proust.

Considering the context in AtD concerns ghosts and the very next sentence begins with a mention of Psychical Research, "traces of consciousness" is not so much stream of consciousness as a trailing vapor or whisp of consciousness that streams by as a "kind of ghost." Think in terms of thought transference, ESP, mediums, hypnosis, hallucinations, ghosts. More than a few characters in this novel are involved in these things.

In order to study these phenomena, three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge founded The Society for Psychical Research in 1882. William James helped to found the American branch and was president of the group for a while.

There are recurring parallels in AtD to a famous James quote from ''Varieties of Religious Experience'':

Our normal waking consciousness . . . is but one special type of consciousness, whilst all about it, parted from it by the flimsiest of screens, there lie potential forms of consciousness entirely different. We may go through life without suspecting their existence; but apply the requisite stimulus and at a touch they are all there in all their completeness . . . No account of the universe in its totality can be final which leaves these other forms of consciousness quite disregarded.

'''Zattere''' 
An area of wide waterfront pavements in Venice.

'''''...in hotels, the way your dreams are often, alarmingly, not your own?''''' 
One more possible allusion to Proust, including also the following paragraph. At the beginning of the ''Recherche'', the main character, Marcel, spends a sleepless night in a hotel room, surrounded by memories he can't make sense of. 
And it's Pirate Prentice's 'job' in GR and presumably the whole first section of GR is one of Pirate's 'dreams not his own'. 
In ''Lot 49'' Oedipa Maas considers all the dreams and memories stored in the mattresses of transients' hotels, and of the information destroyed when they burned.

'''''cimici''''' 
Latin: bedbug.

'''to pick up traces of the dreams of whoever slept there just before them''' 
Cf. the Tom Waits song "9th & Hennepin": "And all the rooms they smell like diesel / And you take on the dreams of the ones who have slept there". [http://www.tomwaitslibrary.com/lyrics/raindogs/9thandhennepin.html Lyrics]

'''bora''' 
a regional wind, blowing each winter.

==Page 579==

'''vino forte''' 
strong wine.

'''Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Brletta''' 
They are the cities in Puglia (Apula) region of southeast Italy, ie. at the "heel of the Italian Boot".

'''Tintoretto's ''Abduction . . .''''' 
See [http://www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3374 here]

Tintoretto (1518-94), Venetian painter. Originally named Jacopo Robusti, because of his father's profession of ''tintore'' (dye) he was nicknamed as [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tintoret/biograph.html Tintoretto]. The most successful painter of Venetian school in the generation after Titian. His drawings, unlike Michelangelo's detailed life studies, are brilliant, rapid notations, bristling with energy, and his color is more somber and mystical than Titian's. For a better, can be enlarged, view of his [http://www.wga.hu/index1.html ''Abduction of the Body of St. Mark (1562-66)'']. (The title of the work in this Web Gallery of Art is: "The Stealing of the Dead Body of St Mark.")

'''Accademia''' 
The major art-gallery in Dorsoduro, Venice

'''Titian''' 
16th century Venetian painter. 
Vecellio Tiziano (1490-1576), better known as Titian, the greatest painter of the Venetain School and the leading light of the Italian Renaissance. Titian was recognized as a towering genius in his own time and his reputation as one of the giants of art has never been seriously questioned. He was supreme in every branch of painting and his achievements were so varied — ranging "from the joyous evocation of pagan antiquity . . . to the depths of tragedy in his late religious paintings" — that he has been an inspiration to artists of very different character. In many subjects, above all in portraiture, he set patterns that were followed by generations of artists. For more and Titian's paintings [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tiziano/biograph.html Titian].

'''Infancy Gospel of Thomas''' 
One of the apocryphal scriptures. The Infancy Gospel of Thomas relates the miraculous deeds of Jesus before he turned twelve. [http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/infancythomas.html 1] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Thomas Wikipedia on the Gospel of Thomas]

→Actually, The Infancy Gospel of Thomas is not the same as the Gospel of Thomas. The former is a brief summary of Jesus' misadventures as a child (as AtD notes, Jesus really is described as a hell-raiser and although at one point he brings a child named Zenon back from death, the Infancy Gospel mostly just makes a shallow exhibition of Jesus' miraculous powers). The latter is a Gnostic text and a "collection of sayings, prophecies, proverbs, and parables of Jesus" (Willis Barnstone, "The Other Bible" p. 299).

Also, I read through the whole Infancy Gospel of Thomas and could not find the particular parable that Pynchon describes. However, Pynchon's parable is in keeping with the style of this Gospel. Jesus gets in trouble--making adults irate--and then sets everything straight. This particular parable also does not appear in The Infancy Gospel of James, The Infacy Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, or The Arabic Infancy Gospel.

The reference to this Gospel is a double+ play on the twins/double/mirror motif. First, as can be seen in this posting, there is confusion between the Gospel of Thomas and the Infancy Gospel of Thomas. The two gospels appear to be the same, but they are different. Second, the name ''Thomas'' means ''twin''. Also(+), Thomas is the doubting Thomas.
To doubt is to be "of two minds." The historic and theological significance of Thomas is loaded with themes relevant to this novel.

I'd like to add that Pynchon already made up a quote of the Gospel of Thomas in ''Gravity's Rainbow'', p. 537, as an epigraph of Part III, Episode 24: "Dear Mom, I put a couple of people in Hell today . . . ". The author cited his source as "Oxyrhynchus papyrus number classified," which is both correct (the Infancy being a part of the apocryphal Gospel of Thomas which was found on papyri discovered in a Nile river village called Oxyrhynchus) and wrong: the so-called Thomas didn't write that Jesus ever said that to his mother! At least in the papyri that were published… See Weisenburger 2006, (''A Companion to'' GR), p. 282.

==Page 580==

'''Pentecost story in Acts''' 
Pentecost is a Christian holiday commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus' followers and the beginning of the Christian church. Pentecost is celebrated by many (but not all) Christians on the Sunday 50 days after Easter. It often falls in early June. [[Acts II|Read the Biblical passages in Acts II...]]

'''Galilean dialect''' 
Of Aramaic.

'''Yes, well, it's redemption, isn't it, you expect chaos, you get order instead''' 
In the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and the Pentecost, first Jesus, then the Holy Ghost, act as Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon]. In the Infancy Gospel story, Jesus sorts the randomly mixed dye molecules so that each garment comes out one color; in the Pentecost story the Holy Ghost causes a single language, just random noise to all but Galileans, to be heard as the many different languages of the listeners. Taking the two stories together, thermodynamic entropy is reversed, but the entropy of information is increased. This is the crux of ''Lot 49''; here it is another "secular miracle"; order emerges from chaos. The mathematicians, artists and similar seekers may bring forth a similar miracle, the ability to experience other dimensions, to understand the universe (See Kit's dream, P.566).

'''''rii''''' 
Plural of ''rio''.

==Page 581==

'''''sotopòrteghi''''' 
An open doorway for public access. (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 246|page 246:sotopòrteghi]].)

'''Bodeo 10.4 mm''' 
A mass-produced Italian-made service revolver, initially made around 1889. Demand for them as guns was low, causing thousands of the weapons to be converted to table lamps. An interesting Pynchonian connection between light, manufacture, weapons, and war.

==Page 582==

'''''foschetta''''' 
''Foschia'' in Italian means "fog". ''Foschetta'' is a term for "light fog".

'''''masègni''''' 
Blocks of Euganean trachyte used for paving, often marked off by bands of Istrian stone

'''''patrone''''' 
Probably meaning ''padrone'', "master". -- blicero2
:or female saint? not referring to Tonio but just as an expression.

'''wine trains up from Puglia''' 
Puglia region is in southeast of Italy (at the "heel of the Italian Boot"). From page 578-579: "In September, when the vino forte arrived from Brindis, Squinzano, and Barletta . . ." These three cities are in Puglia. Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:vino forte]] and [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Barletta]].

'''Winter''' 
1904-1905?

'''''osterie''''' 
taverns (''osteria'' is a tavern)

'''Principessa Spongiatosta''' 
Is Pugnax's book from p6 at all relevant here?
:Yes! [[Princess_Casamassima,_The|''The Princess Casamassima'']] has several resonances with ''AtD.''

'''Ca'''' 
Abbreviated form of "Casa," Italian for "house."

Which appears to be multidimensional, or at any rate non-Euclidean, reminiscent of Zombini's cabinet.

'''Roman Composite order''' 
A classical order (style of building design) dating from late Roman times, formed by superimposing Ionic volute (volute = a spiral scroll ornament) on a Corinthian capital (capital = the head or crowning feature of a column). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_order Composite order]).

'''japonica''' 
Japanese honeysuckle.

==Page 583==

'''Iron Bridge''' 
The Ponte dell’Accademia - connecting the Venetian quarters (sestieri) San Marco and Dorsoduro - was constructed during the Austrian occupation in 1854. This steel construction got replaced ca. 1933 by a wooden bridge (which was replaced by yet another wooden bridge in 1985) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_dell'Accademia Wikipedia]

'''Le Havre''' 
French port city on the Atlantic (English Channel).

'''''ma via''''' 
Meaning "come on!", in Italian. -- blicero2

'''third eyes touching''' 
The third eye, as existing on some reptiles is a dorsal organ that is receptive to light, otherwise known as the ''pineal eye''. Since the two half-sisters are obviously not reptiles, this reference might allude to the figurative third eye, or the eye of the mind, heart or soul. When the two touch foreheads, they are able to peer into each other consciences, by way of these third eyes. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/third+eye /Dictionary Entry]

==Page 584==

'''"Swiss insurance salesman. Wolf. No, Putzi."''' 
Bria's had so many beaux she gets them confused? One was a wolf; the other a putz?
:''Wolf'' is an uncommon given name but also a diminutive of Wolfgang. ''Putzi'' does not come from a given name; it's like "sweetiepie," a nickname for a cute boy.

Wolf + Putzi sounds a bit like Wuffli. Peter Wuffli was the CEO of UBS (Union Bank of Switzerland) [http://www.ubs.com] from December 2001 to June 2007. He unexpectedly resigned in Jun07, some months before the subprime crisis, in which UBS had to take large financial losses, exploded. [http://www.ubs.com/1/e/investors/releases.html?newsId=127571]

Possibly related, or possibly not-- Putzi's is the club in Cuxhaven where the beleaguered Tyrone Slothrop tries to pick up his forged papers in Gravity's Rainbow. (Home of the Eisenkröte!)

'''''topo''''' [[Image:Topo.jpg|thumb|Topo Boats|right]]
A topo is a guide for a crag or climbing area; a shortened form of "topographic map" of any type of surface topology. But what is Pynchon referring to? Topo is "rat" in Italian and "awkward person" in Spanish. The Greek topos means "place" or "commonplace" None seems to refer to a "day out on the water" or a "day off work" as it seems to imply here. Interesting Pynchonesque tidbit found while researching the root source of the word topology: A term used to refer to the continuity of space and spatial properties, such as connectivity, that are unchanged after distortion. (Thanks to the The University of Melbourne's GIS glossary) Topology includes the study of the surface of an object, such a as a the paint of a canvas painting and the transformations such surfaces can undergo mathematically, including through imaginary domains.

:Pynchon writes "Some artist friends had a ''topo'' for the day." He is referring to the boat they rented. It means "mouse" in Italian and is apparently the name of a small traditional Venetian fishing boat now used for [http://www.veniceword.com/special.html touring]. As for mathematical topology, Pynchon's topological metaphors reach a crescendo in the next chapter.

'''Dogana''' 
Custom House, built on a wedge of land called ''Punta della Dogana'' (Custom Point). This wedge of land is at the entrance of the Grand Canal, as described in the text: "where the Grand Canal and the Lagoon meet". The original 14th-century customs tower was replaced by a colonnaded building named the ''Dogana de Mare'' (Sea Customs Post). See picture [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/media_1041505867_761562189_-1_1/Punta_della_Dogana_Venice.html Punta della Dogana]

'''Andrea Tancredi''' 
An artist and acquaintence made by Hunter Penhallow in Venice. His name is likely derived from the Gioacchino Rossini opera ''Tancredi'' or the Voltaire play by the same name. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancredi Wikipedia Entry] 
Tancredi, restored, is a tragedy. the soldier Tancredi and his family have been stripped of their estates and inheritances, and he himself has been banished since his youth. Two more noble families — headed by Argirio and Orbazzano — have been warring for years. Wikipedia.
Tancredi presides in exile...he is mortally wounded at the end after learning the person he thought betrayed the heroine did not.

:Actually, per [[T#tancredi|my entry in the Alpha index]], more likely the name connects with Tancredi, the time-traveling character in ''City of Death'', a four-part serial in the British science fiction television series ''Dr. Who'' which involves time travel and bilocation. Tancredi is the sole survivor of the Jagaroth race, an evil people who destroyed themselves in a war some 400 million years ago. Tancredi explains that a few escaped in a dilapidated spacecraft and found Earth in a primeval, lifeless stage of its development. The ship disintegrated upon takeoff and [[Scaroth]] tells of how he was fractured in time, splinters of his being were scattered across time and space, all identical, none complete. Whereas, in ''City of Death'', Tancredi, one of the Scaroff "splinters" living in Renaissance Italy, is plotting to create multiple Mona Lisa's for fraudulent purposes, ''Against the Day'''s Tancredi is fighting art fraud. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Death Read the synopsis of ''City of Death'']; The name "Andrea" ''could'' be a reference to the protagonist Andrea Marsh, a time-traveler in the 1889 novel, ''Timeless Love'' by Judy Hinson ([[Timeless Love|synopsis]]).

'''Seurat and Signac''' 
George Seurat (1859-1891) and Paul Signac (1863-1935), French painters who developed pointillism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointillism Wikipedia entry].

'''Divisionism''' 
Term invented by Paul Signac to describe the Neo-Impressionist separation of colour into dots or patches applied directly to the canvas. From Grove Dictionary of Art.

'''Marinetti''' 
The Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti was the first among [the Futurists] to produce a manifesto of their artistic philosophy in his Manifesto of Futurism (1909)(see below).

'''"Futurists"''' 
Practitioners or followers of Futurism, an early 20th century art movement that is considered the genesis of Cubism, Dada and Art Deco. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism_%28art%29 Wikipedia entry].Marinetti summed up the major principles of the Futurists, including a passionate loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions. He and others also espoused a love of speed, technology and violence. The car, the plane, the industrial town were all legendary for the Futurists, because they represented the technological triumph of man over nature.

'''brutalism''' 
See above and The Futurists were often condemned as fascistic in their manifestos and outlook.

'''Torcello''' 
A lonely Venetian island: very peaceful and beautiful with a church and little else.

'''primitivo''' 
A kind of red wine (same as the original Zinfandel, actually).

==Page 585==

'''green-and-lavender''' 
Another clashing color scheme.

'''sirocco''' 
A hot dust-laden wind from the Libyan deserts that blows on the northern Mediterranean coast chiefly in Italy, Malta, and Sicily. 
The correct spelling in Italian is ''Scirocco''.

'''San Michele''' 
San Michele, nicknamed The Island of the Dead, is the cemetery island of Venice. It is associated with the sestiere of Cannaregio from which it lies a short distance north east.
Walls of San Michele.Along with neighbouring San Cristoforo della Pace, the island was a popular place for local travellers and fishermen to land. Mauro Codussi's Chiesa di San Michele in Isola of 1469, the first Renaissance church in Venice, and a monastery lie on the island.

'''futuristic vehicle''' 
See p. 155 [[ATD_149-170#Pages_154-155|and annotations.]] Of course, the machine-inspired Futurists would remind Hunter of this vehicle that 'had borne him to safety'!

Why? Hunter isn't the Futurist here and doesn't seem to share the same naive faith in Progress that Tancredi does.

'''the chill, comfortless faith in science and rationality...''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber Max Weber's] concept of rationality, and the [[Routinization of Charisma|routinization/rationalization of charisma]], is a prominent theme in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=R#routinization ''Gravity's Rainbow''] a spontaneous and charismatic source of authority is eventually "rationalized" and brought under the control of processes and rules. In Pynchon's view, it is a movement toward Death and thematically related to entropy a prominent theme in [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=E#entropy ''V.''] and, in [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#fengshui ''Mason & Dixon''], bad ''Feng Shui'' and the reduction of the fuzzy boundaries between Pennsylvania and Maryland into a straight line.

'''''Preliminary Studies...''''' 
Artists often do 'preliminary studies'..'infernal machine' comes out of Futurism's ideas.

==Page 586==
'''“One must begin by accepting Hell -- by understanding that Hell is real..."''' 
See multiple citations for ([http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=H Hell]) A book that takes us through Dante's gate twice (158, 401), has Ryder Thorn warn us explicitly that "this world.. will die and descend into Hell" (553), and ends with the words AtD ends with, may be good practice for taking Tancredi's advice.

'''Always with us.''' 
Gospel of Matthew. "The poor you will always have with you". Here reference is to born-again Christers.

'''''vero?''''' 
Literally meaning ''true'' in Italian, here it is used as you would use: "Are you talking of an infernal machine, ''aren't you'' ?"

'''Hell in a small bounded space ... But the finite space would expand rapidly''' 
Tancredi is probably envisioning the onset of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_war_i World War I], which hangs over the entire novel. The war began with the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, an event in land-locked Bosnia that led to a chain-reaction triggering of formal alliances and national interests, i.e. an infernal machine. The cultural changes brought on by the war, continuing through the Twentieth Century, include the suppression of Christianity in Eastern Europe and its decline as an ideology in the West. Of course, this is also an allusion to an actual chain-reaction, an atomic bomb, which begins with a small implosion.

'''We desire transformation''' 
Aligns the explosion-loving Tancredi with the Rilke-quoting Blicero from Gravity's Rainbow. '"Want the Change," Rilke said, "O be inspired by the Flame!"' (GR p.97)

It also might be helpful to recall that Shiva, who has been referred to implicitly numerous times already in ATD, is the transformative/destructive deity of the Hindi Trimurti.

This section also sets up Tancredi as an opposite of Hunter, who on p.577 wants to find a "neutral hour", that "goes neither forwards or back", and on the same page "felt no desire to join in, quite the opposite." Hunter himself is much like Katje from GR. Page 97 again: "But not Katje: No mothlike plunge. He must conclude that secretly she fears the change..."

'''orpiment yellow''' 
A yellow color pigment ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpiment Wikipedia])

'''Nürnberg violet''' 
An artificial color pigment discovered in 1868 in the city of Nuremberg

==Page 587==

'''"The energies of motion, the grammatical tyrannies of becoming, in divisionismo we discover how to break them apart into their component frequencies . . . we define a smallest element, a dot of color which becomes the basic unit of reality . . . .''' 
This seems to describe both the kind of painting done by Tancredi and atomic research. Breaking material into its atomic unit, the basic unit of reality, is literally part of the "energies of motion."
This also describes how a television set works. The screen is composed of millions of tiny dots that, taken together, create moving pictures.

'''Brownian movement''' 
Also called Brownian motion. It is the irregular motion of small particles suspended in a liquid or a gas, caused by the bombardment of the particles by molecules of the medium
first divscovered by botanist Robert Brown (1773-1858) in 1827. Einstein in one of his four ''Annus Mirabilis Papers'' of 1905 explained the random motion using molecular kinetic theory of heat. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:young Einstein]].

'''I really love the old dump''' 
For the same reason Dally does: Venice has what Pynchon called (in ''V.'') "Temporal Bandwidth": a life in a depth of time, a simultaneous humane immersion in past, present and future. The canals of industrialized Belgium are silted up, the connections to its Hanse past lost, paved and tracked over. This has not, and cannot, happen to Venice; even a Futurist painter cannot carry out the appaling modernization he describes. Venice is a place to hide from the future; indeed, in terms of physical destruction, the world wars barely touched La Serenisima.

'''''nebbia, nebbietta, foschia, caligo, sfumato''''' 
Varieties of fog.

'''speed of sound''' 
Air temperature is more important than density.

'''''La Velocità del Suono''''' 
Italian, "speed of sound"

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 557-587

2010-08-30T03:00:21Z

Bangorang: /* Page 577 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 557==

'''Viktor Mulciber''' 
Well, no benign associations with "Mulciber"! Mulciber is an alternative name of the Roman god Vulcan, the god of fire and volcanoes, and the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, and armor for gods and heroes. Mulciber is also the name of a character in John Milton's ''Paradise Lost'', the architect of the demon city of Pandemonium. When Pynchon was alluded to on The John Larroquette Show [80s or 90s], the book he was said to be working on was called ''Pandemonium of the Sun''. 
In the Harry Potter books, Mulciber is a Death Eater, a minor Dark Wizard.

'''bespoke''' 
made to order, hence hand-made and expensive. Somewhere in the novel is a reference to 1 Savile Row, the address of Gieves and Hawkes, a very traditional English tailor.

'''Basil Zaharoff''' 
Sir Basil Zaharoff, originally Zacharias Basileios, (1849, Muğla, Turkey - 1936, Monte Carlo, Monaco) was a Greek arms trader and financier, the director and chairman of the Vickers munitions firm during World War I [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaharoff_Basil]. He also turns up as an international arms dealer in Reilly, Ace of Spies.

In addition to the arms-dealing and being semi-fictionalized, Zaharoff is also notable for bribing the Japanese Admiral, helping to incorporate the company that eventually became British Petroleum, and through his association with Louis II of Monaco, the purchase of the Société des Bains de Mer, which ran the famous Monte Carlo casino.

'''trains of history... run''' 
Karl Marx, in ''Das Kapital'', referred to wars as the "express trains of history" because they can spark societal or national crises, marking a historical turning point, and they can release economic, social, and moral forces of unforeseen power and dimensions, making any return to the status quo impossible.
Also notice TRP's steady referencing of 'railroads' in a negative way.

'''Q-weapon''' 
Possible allusion to Professor Kokintz's "Q-bomb" in ''The Mouse That Roared'' (1959) or to James Bond's master armorer Q. It could also be an allusion to the character "Q" in Star Trek where the name "Q" is also shared by other members of the Q Continuum. Q is a mischievous omnipotent being who has taken an interest in humans. He also has a flair for the dramatic, with a mercurial personality that switches between a joking, camp style and a more ominous and even dangerous manner. While he is boastful, condescending and threatening, he arguably has humanity's best interests at heart. In the episode "The Q and the Gray" (''Star Trek: Voyager'' - 3rd season), Q weapons are provided to the crew of the Voyager to free Q and Janeway, who have been captured by rebels. [http://www.answers.com/topic/the-q-and-the-grey Synopsis]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(Star_Trek) Wikipedia]. Looney Tunes character Marvin the Martian possesses an earth-destroying weapon known as the Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator.

In this context, the Q stands for "Quaternion." See under [[Q]] in the alphabetical index.

See also [[Q-weapon and Photography]]...

'''Balkan ''komitadji''''' 
Originally, members of the rebel gangs ("committees"), controlled from Sofia, who made forays into Macedonia, the chief object of Bulgarian expansionism before WWI. The word was also commonly used for Serbian irregular fighters.

:See this slightly different [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komitadji Komitadji].

'''waybill''' 
Ancestor of what Fedex and UPS call "shipping document"; it identifies the article shipped and contains necessary addresses and instructions.

'''metamorphosed into an American Negro''' 
Cf honorary Negro (Frank above).

More like an actual negro. Dr V. Ganesh Rao, as was explained earlier, literally transforms after each quaternionic yoga pose.

'''Nipponese''' 
Japanese

'''peach''' 
Plum, actually.

'''Hertzian''' 
Electromagnetic waves, first demonstrated by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz Heinrich Hertz] (Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318:Hertz]]).

'''they cannot strictly . . . longitudinal as well as transverse''' 
Hertz's theory and Maxwell's equations describe ''transverse'' waves in which the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of travel; no longitudinal waves--with vibrations parallel to the direction of travel--are permitted. In air, sound waves are longitudinal; what's suggested here is a new wave that does not fit the Hertz-Maxwell paradigm.

==Page 558==

'''scalar part''' 
Quaternion equivalent of the real part. 
A scalar quantity in geometry has magnitude but not direction. The length of a line segment is a scalar. 
Time is a scalar term.

'''baritone in a barbershop quartet''' 
[http://www.barbershop.org/web/groups/public/documents/pages/pub_id_000827.hcsp Quote]:Technically speaking, barbershop harmony is a style of unaccompanied singing with three voices harmonizing to the melody. The lead usually sings the melody, with the tenor harmonizing above the lead. The bass sings the lowest harmonizing notes and the baritone provides in-between notes, either above or below the lead to make chords (specifically, dominant-type or "barbershop" sevenths) that give barbershop its distinctive, "full" sound.

'''viola in a string quartet''' 
Two violins, a viola, and a violoncello make up a string quartet. The viola is between the others in pitch and is generally considered to have been given the least interesting parts in Classical and Romantic music for string quartet. 
Classical musicians have a whole culture of viola-player jokes. Like drummers in rock bands.

'''Further Term''' 
The three parts of a quaternion that are multiples of '''i''', '''j''' and '''k''' (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525: Quaternions]].)

'''the fulfiller of the Trinity''' 
the name of the first atom bomb detonated at Los Alamos. Alluded to earlier as the "Anti-Stone" (Webb and Merle, p.78). The origin of the name Trinity for this event is uncertain. It is commonly thought that Robert Oppenheimer provided the name, which would seem logical, but even this is not definitely known. A leading theory is that Oppenheimer did select it, and that he did so with reference to the divine Hindu trinity of Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer). Oppenheimer had an avid interest in Sanskrit literature (which he had taught himself to read), and following the Trinity test is reported to have recited a passage from the Bhagavad-Gita that is quoted earlier in this wiki. 

The usage of the Tibetan Mount Kailash, the holy dwelling place of Shiva, God of destruction and regeneration, on p. 437 seems to support this.

Also, a religious allusion to the three-person Godhead in Christian theology. 
Also, third ATD meaning!, a college in Dublin mentioned on page 560.

Also,"the Destroyer, the fulfiller of the trinity" recalls the Destroyer on page 154, the meteorite, and thus relates ''that'' passage to the Anti-Stone.

Also, in Jungian Psychology the 'fulfiller' of the trinity, making it a complete four-aspect entity, is the 'shadow', or traditionally, the devil (the force always excluded and seen as bad in Christian theology). Cf. C. G. Jung, "Versuch einer psychologischen Deutung des Trinitätsdogmas", Gesammelte Werke 11, especially p.179-94. Interestingly, Jung uses the term 'quaternarisch' for this. More Q-talk, then.

'''the pulselessness of salvation''' 
salvation lies outside of time?

'''A weapon based on Time''' 
Time is why there is entropy, that key Pynchonian term. Pynchon has created a brilliant metaphor that uses the concept uniquely. The Q-weapon, at the heart of which lies "a crystal about the size of a human eyeball" is based on Time. What becomes of the Q-weapon after Umeki (possibly) gives it to Halfcourt in Constantinople? ([[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1036|See page 1036...]])

'''"...you could become the most feared person in history." ... "I'd rather be loved," said Root.''' 
Echoes Machiavelli's famous aphorism, "It is much safer to be feared than loved."

'''laterite''' 
A mineral structure formed by erosion, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laterite Wikipedia]. Laterite is typically rich in metal oxides and poor in organic matter.

'''Ostend''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Ostend]]. Ostend (Dutch: Oostende, French & German: Ostende) is a Belgian municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It comprises the villages of Mariakerke, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest at the Belgian coast. Wikipedia.

'''Inner Boulevards''' 
streets in Brussels."In spite of the competition of the Central or Inner Boulevards, the Montagne de la Cour still remains the principal street for shopping in Brussels." "Brussels", Antiques Digest, 1904.

'''Gare du Midi''' 
The largest railway station in Brussels and a haunt of prostitutes.

<div id="gevaert"></div>'''Edouard Gevaert''' 
It seems this gentleman is fictional. although there are some interesting, but tenuous, connections. Agfa-Gevaert is the current owner of the [[W#wardenclyffe|Wardenclyffe Tower]] facility which housed the Tesla Tower. [http://www.maerlant.be/photherel/student/nvgevaert.htm Lieven Gevaert] (1868-1935) was a Belgian industrialist who founded Gevaert & Co. which produced photographic paper, in 1894. The company specialized in "daylight" paper, which relies on the event of exposure of the positive image through daylight, as opposed to development paper which is based on a process of special manipulation with chemicals. (Are photographs "stolen goods"? "Unworldy go-betweens"? Is the Q-Weapon a ... camera? No. It unlocks Time, animating the photograph - [[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1036|See page 1036]]) Agfa (Actien-Gesellschaft für Anilin-Fabrikation) was founded in 1864 as a manufacturer of dies and stains. In World War II, it became part of IG Farben (prominent in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=IG_Farben_References ''Gravity's Rainbow'']. The Allies broke up IG Farben after the war and Agfa emerged as an individual company. And, well, there ''was'' a Dutch arms dealer named Edouard de Beaumont (1841-1895) who has a rifle named after him. Yes, a stretch... Upon further reflection, I believe "Edouard" may refer to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muybridge Eadweard Muybridge] (Edouard was a variant spelling he earlier used) and his photographic experiments with ''freezing'' motion/Time.

==Page 559==

'''Krupp field-piece''' 
The Krupps are an ancient German family, famous for making weapons. A field-piece is a light-cannon.

'''vaguely glandular''' 
Describes Belgium, it seems.

'''''ostinato''''' 
A continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm.

'''poleaxed''' 
Stunned, brought to a mental standstill. (A poleaxe was used in slaughterhouses.)

'''lost to silence''' 
(Not silent, or very?)Very

==Page 560==

'''Wellington Hippodrome''' 
A race track in Ostend. (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 528|page 528:Hippodrome]].)

'''Estacade''' 
:A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the approach of an enemy. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Estacade]

'''''mousmée... mouchard''''' 
French: a young Japanese woman; a police spy.

mouchard: informer

:When Henry James revised ''The Princess Casamassima'' for the 1909 New York edition, the phrase "middle-class spy" in the 1886 text became ''mouchard''. Source: note by Patricia Crick in Penguin Classics edition.

'''always lead an irregular life''' 
Cf GR.

'''Maria Bayley Hamilton''' 
Hamilton's wife !!!

'''council meeting''' 
???

==Page 561==

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
It was on this site that the [[H#hamilton|mathematician William Rowan Hamilton]], in a flash of genius, came upon the formula for Quaternions and scratched it into the stone of the bridge.

About the bridge, the carving, photos of them, a couple of mathematicians' impression of the bridge, etc, see [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/octonions/node24.html Brougham Bridge].

'''on the stone''' 
The bridge is evidently a stone bridge. Stone, a natural thing, is a good for Pynchon. Hamilton's action is metaphorically a deeply religious moment. "Pentecostal" wherein the Quaternions 'descend' to earth [in the thoughts of men].

'''''i² = j² = k² = ijk = –1''''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Quaternion]].

'''Pentecostal''' 
Pentecost (< Greek πεντηκοστή [ἡμέρα], pentekostē [hēmera], "the fiftieth day") is the fiftieth day after Easter Sunday, which corresponds to the tenth day after Ascension Thursday. It is a feast in the Christian liturgical calendar — symbolically related to the Jewish festival of Shavuot — that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and the followers of Jesus on that day, as described in the Book of Acts, Chapter 2. Pentecost is also called "Whitsunday" (deriving from "Wit Sunday") in UK and other English-speaking areas.

Almost needless to say, the Pentecostal revelation is what is supposed to happen at the end of "Lot 49".

'''official Mischief Opportunity''' 
like 'shore leave', it seems. To leave the rules of the Organization and create mischief.

'''absinthe spoons''' 
absinthe spoons have slits whereon are placed sugar cubes through which one pours the absinthe

'''cravats''' 
A cravat is the neckband forerunner of the modern, tailored necktie. From the end of the 16th century, the term "band" applied to any long-strip neckcloth that was not a "ruff"; the ruff—a starched, pleated white linen strip—started its fashion career earlier in the 16th century as neckcloth that could be changed-a-fresh to keep the neck of a doublet from becoming too-soiled or as a bib or a napkin. A "band" could indicate a plain, attached shirt collar or a detachable "falling band" that draped over the doublet collar. 
Necktie fashions have changed over time. The modern cravat originated in the 1630s when Western Europeans saw Croats wearing extravagant neck scarves; the French word ''cravate'' meant "Croatian cavalryman."

'''"four-door farce"''' 
(See eg Bogdanovich's "What's Up, Doc?")
This is also a pun on the name of Georges Feydeau, French writer of farces who was writing when Pynchon's novel is set. One of the recurring physical jokes involves sets with many doors and people coming in and out, just missing each other....

The ranking of farces by door number is mostly jocular. Neil Simon's ''Rumors'' is a fine example of a seven-door farce.

==Page 562==

'''Minque''' 
the fish auction house.

'''Bruges''' 
A city about 18 miles east of Ostende, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Bruges]].

'''Ghent''' 
A city about 40 miles southeast by east from Ostend, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Ghent]].

'''carillons . . . carillonneur''' 
The [http://www.gcna.org/crlnexp.html carillon] was popular in Belgium before it caught on in most other places. It comprises a set of bells, matched in character, forming a scale (a couple of chromatic octaves or even more), with the beaters or clappers mechanically linked to a keyboard. A later development replaced muscle power with electromechanical linkages. In a still later "advance," the carillon was automated with music-box-like control. The American practice of playing recorded bells through loudspeakers is a inexpensive way to imitate carillon music. 
The carillonneur is the master at the keyboard. 
English-style bell ringing is a totally different pursuit, using (often imperfectly) tuned bells actuated in nonmelodic sequences. The bells, not the clappers, are swung with ropes. The effect of an eight-bell "peal" and a team of ringers with plenty of time on their hands—as heard by this American contributor in Bristol one spring Sunday—is perfectly charming. 
By the way: The word "carillon" is derived from the Latin "quaternio" (= consisting of four elements)...

'''Hanseatic''' 
The Hansa or Hanseatic League (definitely a creation of "the Christian North," next paragraph) was a great mercantile system that held itself above national rule.

'''burghers''' 
middle-class married men 
Well, a bit more than that: a burgher was a 'citizen', but not everyone had that status. Originally town-dweller of the craftsman or merchant class, probably a member of a guild, and thus eligible to serve in the corporation or town council. Later it comes to mean something like 'bourgeois', which has the same origin, and later still just a 'solid citizen'. In Germanic-speaking countries today it's just a citizen in the broadest sense, someone who has citizenship.

'''silted up''' 
backed up, underwater, with mud; i.e. neglected, because replaced by railroads. -As it silted up "back in the 1400s" we can safely exclude the influence of railroads.

'''Damme and Sluis''' 
Port cities near Bruges, heavily dependent on them from the 14th Century. 
See [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/communities/damme.htm Damme] and [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/arounddamme/sluis.htm Sluis]. For an overview map, showing cannals, roads etc, of the general area around Bruges-Damme-Sluis see [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/maps/generaloverview.htm Bruges-Damme-Sluis]

==Page 563==

'''trusted his intuitiveness''' 
Woevre is a natural killer.

'''''"Jou moerskont!"''... Afrikaans''' 
Possibly "you horse's ass"? --More likely something like "mother's cunt".

==Page 564==

'''voices of everyone he had ever put to death had been ... scored for some immense choir''' 
A possible reference to ''Star Wars'': Obi-wan experiences the obliteration of an entire planet as "a great disturbance in the Force, as if millions of voices suddenly cried out in terror and were suddenly silenced." [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076759/quotes]

Also another potentially time-less event, all of Woevre's murders collapsed into a single moment.

The "choir" image occurs several times in ''AtD.'' [[ATD_1-25#Page_19|One example.]]

'''"I cannot bear it ... this terrible light..."''' 
Shades of the Kirghiz Light in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=The_Kirghiz_Light ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''''Voetsak''''' 
Afrikaans (maybe Dutch too): Go away! Also spelled ''voertsek'' or ''voetsek.'' 
Borrowed in English with the spelling ''footsack.'' The Urban Dictionary, which often excites skepticism, has [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=footsack a useful entry] with a marginally plausible etymology. In [http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/lit/drama/Finished/chap5.html ''Finished'' (1916),] novelist H. Rider Haggard glossed it this way: "Among Europeans he rejoiced in the name of Footsack, a Boer Dutch term which is generally addressed to troublesome dogs and means 'Get out.'" And in a defective 1943 book for young readers, ''Great Caesar's Ghost'' (by Manning Coles, creator of gentleman op Tommy Hambledon), an English merchant seaman says, "Get out, 'op it, vamoose, footsack, imshi, or I'll—" [http://www.absp.org.uk/words/interjections.html ''Imshi''] is British service slang for "go."

'''starers''' 
Those who stared at Kit earlier.

'''dramatic performance''' 
referring to 'No'?

'''tobacco-stricken''' 
A smoker's deep or gritty voice.

'''half-silvering''' 
A design for an optical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_splitter beam splitter] that causes half of the incident light to be transmitted and the other half to be reflected.

'''the fatal number four—to a Japanese mind''' 
Japanese character for number "four" has the same pronunciation as that of character "death". 
Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 258|page 258:Japanese character for "four"]].

'''four cusps... index-surface''' 
???

'''co-conscious''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 527|page 527:co-conscious]]. Repeat here: "mental processes outside the main stream of consciousness but sometimes available to it - from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary."

Third use, I think. Who/what is co-conscious here? (First time, page 478; then page 527.)

Could it be the dimly perceived consciousness of one's double in the adjacent, alternate world? Or one's consciousness of that world?

==Page 565==

'''true icosahedron''' 
Probably a regular icosahedron, where the sides are formed by 20 equilateral triangles. For a picture see [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Icosahedron.html Icosahedron].

'''12+8... pyrites''' 
Pyrite crystals form a structure that can be decomposed into unit cells that contain (part of) 12 sulphur atoms and 8 iron atoms.

'''Riemann sphere''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_sphere Wikipedia]

'''Felix Klein''' 
German mathematician ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Klein Wikipedia])

'''ebonite''' 
An early plastic([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebonite Wikipedia])

'''Ohmic Drift Compensator''' 
ohm = the practical meter-kilogram-second unit of electric resistance equal to the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampere; The Ohmic Drift Compensator a key component of the Q-weapon "regulates how much light is allowed to enter the silvering of the mirror! Special kind of refraction! Calibrated against imaginary index! Dangerous! Of the essence!'" See also [[ATD 525-556#Page 541|Page 541]].

'''speed of the earth . . . kinetic energy''' 
Einstein in 1905 showed most of this argument to be nonsense, but if Lorentz's paper is still recent (next entry) the shift in thinking may not have happened yet. 
::Umeki refers on page 564 to 'Minkowskian space-time', which is a geometrical interpretation of Special Relativity, so she must be well aware of Einstein's theory. In fact, this reference to Minkowski, and those at pp 594 and 602, seem to place these episodes after 1908. However, p 596 seems to make Kit's stay in Göttingen contemporary with the 1905 revolution in Russia. So... either Umeki and Yashmeen have knowledge of Minkowski's theories before he makes them public, or (and this gets my vote) it just isn't possible to construct a consistent, real-world chronology for the novel.
:Since the earth's mean orbital speed ( ~ 30 km/s) is rather small in comparison with the speed of light ( ~ 300,000 km/s), no relativistic correction is needed in calculating earth's orbital kinetic energy. And in a reference frame anchored on the Sun, the earth's kinetic eneregy, ''E = ½ m v²'', where ''m'' is the earth mass and ''v'' it's orbital speed, still holds. Einstein showed only that it is no longer true against the nonexistent stationary ''æther''. Of course, it is irrelevant to an earthbound weapon tried to make use of this energy against a person who is standing on the earth.

'''Recently Lorentz's paper''' 
Lorentz's 1904 "Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity less than that of light" ([http://www.soso.ch/wissen/hist/SRT/L-1904.pdf PDF])

'''Lorentz . . . Fitzgerald . . . along the axis of motion''' 
It was the phenomenon of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, together with the abolition of the æther by Michelson and Morley, that led Einstein to his theory of special relativity.
:Michelson and Morley did NOT abolish the æther. Their experiement (1887), attempting to detect the light speed change due to the effect of the æther wind, was a total failure, and they could not explain the negative result.
::OK, would you accept "the abolition of the æther hypothesis in consequence of Michelson and Morley's work"? In fact, that negative result—replicated many times since—did render the notion of the luminiferous æther untenable, as the next two paragraphs make clear.
:The Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis was proposed to explain the "null" result of the Michelson-Morley experiment but still keeping the æther. (see paragraph 8 of Lorentz's 1904 paper above). Lorentz considered the contraction was not physically real but a device to explain the Michelson-Morley experiment. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_Fitzgerald_contraction_hypothesis Lorentz_Fitzgerald Contraction]).
::Some of the repetitions of the M-M experiment, all yielding the same result, were performed by Morley with Dayton C. Miller. In the 1920s Miller conducted his own aether-drift experiments, recording ''positive'' results (i.e. apparently detecting the aether) and in 1925 was awarded an 'American Society for the Advancement of Science' prize for this work. So it was certainly not universally accepted that the original M-M experiment made the aether hypothesis untenable: it was believed by some scientists that the experiment had simply been a failure. Check out ''The Golem'' by Harry Collins and Trevor Pinch for the whole story.
:Einstein (1905) derived the Lorentz contraction directly, without assuming the existence of the æther, from the ''Principle of Relativity'' (ie different observers moving at a constant speed with respect to each other find the laws of physics to be identical and find the speed of light to be the same), and proved that Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis had been "ad-hoc". And Einstein explain the failure of Michelson-Morley experiment by abolishing the æther !

'''Lord Rayleigh [...] wonders if such motion might not cause a crystalline body to become double refracting''' 
John William Strutt, third Baron Rayleigh (1842-1919) was one of the very few members of higher nobility who won fame as an outstanding scientist. Lord Rayleigh's first researches were mainly mathematical, concerning optics and vibrating systems, but his later work ranged over almost the whole field of physics, covering sound, wave theory, colour vision, electrodynamics, electromagnetism, light scattering, flow of liquids, hydrodynamics, density of gases, viscosity, capillarity, elasticity, and photography.

This specific reference is to Lord Rayleigh's paper published in the ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character'', Vol. 98, No. 692 (Jan. 3, 1921), pp. 284-296, entitled "Double Refraction and Crystalline Structure of Silica Glass." The introduction:

:Silica glass, as is well known, may be produced by the fusion of clear crystalline quartz. In this way a clear transparent product is obtained. The present paper deals only with this kind of silica glass. The cruder variety, known as vitreosil, which is prepared from sand, is not free enough from bubbbles and striae to allow satisfactory observation.

:That silica glass may be doubly refracting was noticed in casual observations, made to test its suitability for windows, in my experiments on the scattering of light by gases. It soon become clear that this double refraction could not in all cases be due to stress, but was to be attributed to something of the nature of crystalline structure. At the same time, the double refraction is very weak indeed compared with that of crystalline quartz.

:Glasses have generally been considered essentially amorphous, and, indeed, this property would usually be invoked in the definition of a glass. It may be that, in view of the present results, the definition will need to be modified, though this point is hardly ripe for discussion. In the meantime, I still use the term silica glass.

:I have not met with similar effects in any of the ordinary complex glasses. When these are doubly refracting, it is always attributable to strain. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0950-1207(19210103)98%3A692%3C284%3ADRACSO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7]

==Page 566==

'''In a dream...''' 

This passage, describing Kit's dream of Umeki and the message it conveys, pulls together many of the main themes of ''Against the Day'', tying things together in a way that Pynchon seldom does, almost as if he's providing a rather large piece of the puzzle to help the reader understand the novel:

:"Deep among the equations describing the behavor of light, field equations, Vector and Quaternion equations, lies a set of directions, an intinerary, a map to a hidden space. Double refraction appears again and again as a key element, permitting a view into a Creation set just to the side of this one, so close as to overlap, where the membrane between the worlds, in many places, has become too frail, too permeable, for safety.... Within the mirror, with the scalar term, within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark intinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist."

This is rather a good description of ''AtD'' itself. It is a (inevitably) "corrupted pilgrim's guide", but is the guide corrupted, or the pilgrim?

'''analogies''' 
(Pynchonian heuristics.)

'''the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first''' 
Cf. p. 436 '''holy pilgrimages. One defines a destination, proceeds through a series of stations...

'''lightless uncreated''' 
(Gnostic heresy?)

'''...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist.''' 
Compare with "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light." '''and''' "the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp" ([[ATD 1018-1039#Page 1032|p. 1032]]);

'''stuffed sinus''' 
sinus/nasal congestion. It is like looking out onto a new world when one's sinus finally clears after days of congestion.

'''''Konichiwa''''' 
''sic'' for "Konnichiwa / Kon nichi wa" -- Japanese greeting.

==Page 567==

'''new Puccini opera''' 
Obviously, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Butterfly Madame Butterfly]

'''[Americans] can't ever die of shame''' 
shameless, unlike the Japanese

'''Kimura-san''' 
Kimura ( "tree village") is the 18th most common Japanese surname.
-san is used as a courtesy title in Japanese-speaking areas as a suffix to the given name, surname, or title of the person being addressed, regardless of age or gender: Yamamoto san; sensei-san. 
Chimera-san?

Kimura is Umeki's colleague who worked with De Forest on vector analysis for syntotic wireless under Gibbs at Yale. (see p. 532 and p. 29) I think this wiki would be more useful if we focused more on internal text references rather than Google-happy idle speculation. Pynchon is pretty conscientious about providing all we need to know within the text itself.

'''Borel-Clerc... "La Matchiche"''' 
Popular vaudeville song from 1903. "La Matchiche" is French for the Brazilian dance Maxixe.

'''western anchor''' 
What about France, Spain, Portugal? Belgium is a port country with a highly developed transportation system into all of these countries. .....it was the first country to industrialize in Europe....Wikipedia.

In addition, Ostend is the westernmost port. It remains today a major Continental ferry terminus for North Sea crossings, including the fastest surface route, the hydrofoil.

'''the Orient Express''' 
The first [http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r045.html Orient Express] (1883-1914), connecting the English Channel with the Black Sea, is one of the most famous trains in Europe. It ran from Calais and Paris to Bucharest (Romania), passing through Strasbourg (France), Munich (Germany), Vienna (Austria), Pozsony (or Pressburg; now Bratislava, Slovakia) and Budapest (Hungary). From Bucharest it went through Bulgaria and then, by ferry, to Istanbul of Turkey. The original Orient Express was operated by Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits. Ever since the original Orient Express started operation, the name has become synonymous with luxury travel. After World I there were various railway routes had the name of Orient Express.

'''the Trans-Siberian''' 
The [http://www.transsib.ru/Eng/history-phases.htm Trans-Siberian] is a railway route connecting Moscow (Europe) to Vladivostok or Beijing (Far East Asia). Taking a journey by the Trans-Siberian Railway has long been considered an experience with mythological proportions. It is the longest continuous rail line on earth - about 6,000 miles over one third of the globe. In 1891, Czar Alexander III drew up planes for the Trans-Siberian and initiated its construction, and a more or less continuous route was completed in 1905. It took many more years to make the route smoothly operative.

'''the Berlin-to-Baghdad''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Railway Berlin-Baghdad (also Basra) Railway] was the route of German's expansion from Europe to the Persian Gulf, from which trade goods and supplies could be directly exchanged with the farthest of the German colonies and the world. It could also supply German industry directly with oil. Its conception (1888) and completion a couple of years later engendered great opposition from Russia, France and England as part of the "Great Game".

'''World-Island''' 
[[ATD 429-459#Page_433|See annotation at page 433]]

'''Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits''' 
"International Sleeping-Car Company", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlson_Wagonlit Wikipedia]

'''two hundred francs''' 
"None of that, Hakkabut. Hold your tongue." And, turning to Rosette, the captain said, "If, sir, I understand right, you require some silver five-franc pieces for your operation?"
"Forty," said Rosette, surlily.
"Two hundred francs!" whined Hakkabut.-- On a Comet, Jules Verne

'''theory of sets''' 
Set theory is the mathematical theory of sets, which represent collections of abstract objects. It encompasses the everyday notions, introduced in primary school, of collections of objects, and the elements of, and membership in, such collections. In most modern mathematical formalisms, set theory provides the language in which mathematical objects are described. It is (along with logic and the predicate calculus) one of the axiomatic foundations for mathematics, allowing mathematical objects to be constructed formally from the undefined terms of "set" and "set membership". It is in its own right a branch of mathematics and an active field of mathematical research. Wikipedia 
:The members of a set can be, say, [Mike, Mary, Jack, Richard, Ron, Umeki, . . . . . .], the employees of a company, or the passengers of the train leaving the station; they need NOT be abstract. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 535|page 525:set theory]].

'''Bruges Canal''' 
Belgium: Bruges canal. For a picture of the canal see [http://cruises.about.com/library/pictures/baltic/blbruges19.htm Bruges Canal].

==Page 568==

'''vaporetto''' 
A Venetian water-bus.

'''Grand Canal''' 
The main canal that runs through the heart of Venice and down past San Marco, the city's main square.

'''San Marco end''' 
See above. This is where Florian's (appears in the novel) is situated.

'''Piazzetta''' 
??? A small piazza. The large square in front of St Mark's is the Piazza San Marco. The smaller side square running beside the Palazzo Ducale down to the canal is the Piazzetta San Marco.

'''San Giorgio Maggiore''' 
A rather over-ornate church on the Grand Canal opposite San Marco.

'''spreading... cloak''' 
Cliche/allusion?

'''live here forever''' 
Pynchon special-pleading that Dally isn't just another tourist.
Or is this just a typical reaction of the tourist? And a Pynchonesque longing for home?

Quite the contrary, Dally is thinking she feels "at home" as opposed to Kit on 567 who doesn't know what home is anymore. Note too that the Zombini family have deep "roots" in Italy, and "roots" or small people are exactly part of Dally's quest and what Merle warns that wildcrafting 'seng has to be approached with whispers and carefully (p. 70)

'''Teatro Verdi in Trieste''' 
A 1200+ seat theatre built in late-eighteenth century in Trieste for classical music, opera and ballet ([http://selectitaly.com/events.php?product_id=27&city_id=122 Teatro Verdi]). With its stately columns, elaborate adornments and lush elegance it is rather an unlikely venue for magic show. Another unlikely venue for magic show is Teatro Malibran in Venice (next page).

==Page 569==

'''Malibran... Polo's house''' 
The Teatro Malibran, built at the site of Marco Polo's house, which was destroyed in 1596.
:It is still there ! Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page 355|page 355:Teatro Malibran]] and the external link (for photos, etc) listed there.

'''"pincette" pass''' 
Probably from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pincer_movement pincer movement] of military strategy.
:Professor Hoffman's ''Modern Magic'' (1876) describes three "passes with coins," La Pincette, Le Tourniquet and La Coulée. Amazon has the book for sale if anyone wants to look up the details.

'''profondes''' 
"Large pockets in tail coats which can be used for vanishes or productions", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conjuring_terms Wikipedia]

'''Vincenzo Miserere''' 
??? Misero means poor, pitiful, miserable, etc. Psalm 51 (sometimes numbered as 50) is known as the Miserere because it begins (in Latin) Miserere mei Deus (Have mercy on me, God).

'''train to Trieste''' 
???Venice and Trieste are on the opposite sides (about 70 miles apart) of the same gulf : Gulf of Venice. Taking a train from Venice to Trieste would mean taking a route several times lengthier than a ferry.

'''Svegli''' 
The fictional professor's name comes from the Italian ''sveglio'' for "clever, dextrous, skillful."

'''shark leather''' 
Different from sharkskin?

'''''Specchiere''''' 
Mirror-maker

'''glassmakers on Murano''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murano Wikipedia]

'''today''' 
When is that?

'''''guaglion''''' 
Naples dialect: ''guaglione'' is boy. (It first appeared on page 531).

==Page 570==

'''another one of his stories''' 
(Jackson Pynchon should highlight all the AtD passages that originated as bedtime stories.)

'''TERAPIA''' 
Italian, "therapy"

'''San Servolo''' 
An island in the Venetian archipelago, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo Wikipedia], [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=45.418654+N,+12.35698+E&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=45.418651,12.35698&spn=0.006891,0.010793&t=k&om=1&iwloc=addr Google Maps]

'''Palazzo Ducale''' 
The Ducal Palace in Venice, residence of the Doge. It's by San Marco.

'''''manicomio''''' 
Italian, "madhouse"

'''''paramorfico''''' 
paramorphic - see the entry for [[P|Paramorphoscope]]

'''uterine vellum''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellum Vellum] produced from the skin of an unborn calf

'''pitch, rouge''' 
Products used in the grinding of lenses and mirrors.

==Page 571==

'''La Doppiatrice''' 
Italian: the Doubler.

Perhaps an analogue of the diffraction grating that splits the electron into two "alternate" electrons in Schrodinger's thought experiment on quantum effects, source here of a sort of human quantum splitting, an alternate universe creator.

'''Ettore Sananzolo''' 
???

'''Maskelyne cabinet''' 
After Neville Maskelyne, from ''Mason and Dixon.'' Maskelyne was sent at the same time as M and D to record the Transit of Venus on St. Helena. He became Astronomer Royal while they were in America.

While Maskelyne is indeed a real person, the name is very suggestive of mescaline. The two do not seem to be "related."

More likely a descendant, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nevil_Maskelyne John Nevil Maskelyne.] --[[User:Jeffersonista|Jordan]] 13:46, 25 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 572==

'''smoke back into a cigar''' 
Time's arrow/ entropy motif.

'''hard-as-a-rock black cigar''' 
The quality of a cigar is usually higher with dark, more tightly-wrapped tobacco. Vincenzo has a fine one, it seems.

'''thumping''' 
sound/feeling of a water-bus?

'''''salso''''' 
Longest river in Sicily.Its small deltaic system there is dominated by marine processes rather than fluvial ones. It is a seasonal torrent, with brief but violent floods during the winter rains (from November to February), Is this what riding the salso in and back out again means? Riding the floods from the winter rains?

Hardly. 'Salso' (ital.) means 'salty', so this is probably a poetical word for 'the sea'.

'''''sandoli''''' 
??? The sandolo is a type of boat used in Venice, similar to a gondola but (I believe) larger.

:Actually, [http://gondolablog.blogspot.com/2009/04/sandolo-in-venezia.html smaller].

'''trains pulling in''' 
Famous early film.

==Page 573==

'''San Polo''' 
It is one of the six districts (sestieri) of Venice. (The other five are: Cannaregio, Dorsoduro, Santa Croce, San Marco, and Castello.) It (with Santa Croce and Dorsoduro) is located at the south side of the Grand Canal just across the Rialto bridge from San Marco. The San Polo district is the second most important area of Venice in terms of historical immportance and attractions for the tourists. It is the home to the Rialto market, the old artisan quarters of Venice, and the stunning Frari church.

'''Cannareggio''' 
It is commonly spelled Cannaregio. It is located north of the Grand Canal, and is one of the few parts of the city where Venetians still live in great numbers. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannaregio Canaregio].

==Page 574==

'''thirty years older''' 
About 65yo?

'''that day''' 
In NYC when Dally showed up.

'''Stronzo''' 
Italian curse word, roughly "asshole"

'''''In bocc' al lupo!''''' 
From the Roman dialect, in which the Italians – including Rocco and Pino – seem to speak. Meaning, literally, "In the
mouth of the wolf," and idiomatically, "Good luck."

Specifically, as supported by the show business context, the good-luck wish among actors: "Break a leg!"

'''''campielli''''' 
??? Small squares. A campo is literally a field and by extension a large square in a town. A campiello is a small square. I believe Venice has only one Piazza (San Marco) and the other squares are campi and campielli.

'''impersonation of itself''' 
echoes "the mountains had become geometrical impersonations of themselves", p. 394

==Page 575==

'''Riva''' 
Probably Riva del Vin by the Grand Canal; a great tourist attraction from where one can view the historical Rialto Bridge. (The word ''riva'' itself means ''river bank''). [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-025 Riva del Vin] and[http://www.altravistavenezia.it/_VirtualTours/VA/Rialto_Riva_del_Vin/rialto_riva_del_vin.html Rialto-Riva del Vin]

'''middy blouses''' 
In the style of a midshipman's blouse (shirt).

'''not yet been rebuilt''' 
Remember [[ATD 243-272#Page 256|page 256]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
prostitutes

'''Hunter Penhallow''' 
Cf. [[ATD 119-148#Page 129|page 129]] for reference to the "Venice" phase of Hunter Penhallow's painting career

'''''fondamenta''''' 
A waterside street in Venice

'''''ombreta''''' 
''ombreta de vin'' means "a glass of wine" in Venetian dialect.

'''light's good here''' 
Old joke about drunk looking for car keys under streetlight though he dropped them somewhere else.

'''inside that labyrinth . . . microcosm of all Venice''' 
A hologram has this property, that a little chip broken off it contains the entire image. This is, however, a specific reference to Fractal non-Euclidian Geometry ... self-similarity over scale. A fractal is an object or quantity that displays self-similarity, in a somewhat technical sense, on all scales. The object need not exhibit exactly the same structure at all scales, but the same "type" of structures must appear on all scales. A plot of the quantity on a log-log graph versus scale then gives a straight line, whose slope is said to be the fractal dimension. The prototypical example for a fractal is the length of a coastline measured with different length rulers. The shorter the ruler, the longer the length measured, a paradox known as the coastline paradox, mentioned by Pynchon on [[ATD_821-848#Page_821|page 821: coastline approaching infinite length]].
:Good argument for the fractal reference, better than the original one for the hologram metaphor. Hunter is not making smaller and smaller paintings ("chips") but rather exploiting an observation about scale.

==Page 576==

'''''rio''''' 
narrow waterway in Venice (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 245|page 245:''rio'']].)

'''twelve soldi''' 
A soldo is a small coin.

'''franc... ten francs''' 
One "franc": a french coin. Not much, even for standard of the times.

'''Santos-Dumont style''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 529|page 529:Monsieur Santos-Dumont]]

'''Canaletto''' 
Real name: [http://www.wga.hu/bio/c/canalett/biograph.html Zuane Antonio Canal] (1697-1768), a well-known scenery painter at the time. He went to England in 1746 and returned to Venice in 1755. 
Venetian landscape painter, 1697-1768, famous for his paintings of Venice ([http://www.artericerca.com/ven_set/Canaletto/canaletto.htm Italian website]).

As described, Penhallow's pictures are reminiscent, in spirit and in some ways content, of John Singer Sargent's Venetian paintings. Sargent also later painted one of the most haunting images of World War I, [http://jssgallery.org/Paintings/Gassed/Gassed.htm "Gassed"], showing a column of men blinded by mustard gas feeling their way to an aid station.

'''Beppo''' 
Allusion to Byron's poem "Beppo - A Venetian Story". Beppo is a husband who's been away for many years and then, returning, reclaims his wife from another man.

Beppo = Mouse, diminutive of Giuseppi. There is also Beppo Levi (born on May 14, 1875 in Turin, Italy, died on August 28, 1961 in Rosario, Argentina) Italian mathematician, director of the Mathematics Institute of the National University of the Littoral from 1939 to 1961. His work included the mathematics of alternative spaces[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beppo_Levi].

'''pitch''' 
From Merriam-Webster Dictionary: ''chiefly British: an outdoor site (as for camping or doing business).

'''Bauer-Grünwald''' 
An expensive hotel near San Marco in Venice.

'''demobilized from a war that nobody knew about . . . seeking refuge from time''' 
Hunter Penhallow, one of the Trespassers?

==Page 577==

'''a time-traveler from the future''' 
Hunter Penhallow IS a Trespasser.

Nah. I know we have a rule against spoilers but what we should feel free to go back to previous pages in the text to help us in understanding the text even at a basic plot level. So Hunter is from a line of crystal tycoons but stows away on Etienne Malus (p. 129) which also stows away the Destoyer (p. 144) and brings that creature back to New York where Hunter flees by being rescued by some "curious mass conveyance" (p.155) to some futuristic world. Now Hunter has come back from the future, though he doesn't know why.

''''Safe'''' 
Recent art-movie title? I think safe here means safe without allusion.

'''neutral hour?''' 
Is any moment in Time apolitical?

'''Castello''' 
Castello is the largest of the six sestieri of Venice. The district grew up from the thirteenth century around a naval dockyard on what was originally the Isole Gemini.

Not sure on the derivation of Isole Gemini; but Gemini, like Pisces (cf. Fomalhaut, the brightest star in the Pisces constellation) and Sagittarius, are the dual signs of western astrology in keeping with "bi-locations," Deuce Kindred, Renfrew/Werfner, mirrors, etc.

Jyotisha (Indian astrology) includes Virgo as a dual sign or dvisvabha rashis -- thus forming a Quaternity (4 signs or rashis)of Duality. It's interesting that Pynchon does not say Gemini and Pisces directly, but alludes to them behind Castello and Fomalhaut. Be on the lookout for twins, fish, virgins and centaurs!

'''Evening Gun''' 
"At reveille the morning gun goes off; and at retreat, the evening". From
a history description. Here is a site with picture.http://www.ziplink.net/~edkreutz/1f.html

'''Dr. Grace''' 
Renowned, full-bearded 19th-century English cricket player.

'''Charing Cross''' 
Charing Cross Railway Station, London. The original station was opened on 11 January 1864 by the South East Railway. Now, over 37 million people pass through Charing Cross every year. Situated on the forecourt of the stations is the Eleanor Cross, from which point road distances from London are measured. For more see [http://www.networkrail.co.uk/aspx/795.aspx#history Charing Cross].

==Page 578==

'''Dorsoduro''' 
An area of Venice. The Dorsoduro district is a relatively central area of the city, located on the opposie side of the Grand Canal from the San Marco district. But, at the smae time it offers the visitor a chance to explore a delightful part of the city free from the crowds of San Marco.
The Accademia Gallery, Peggy Gugggenheim Museum, and the Santa della Maria Salute Church (one of the most famous landmarks of Venice) are all located here. [http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_dorsoduro.htm Dorsoduro].

'''''pensione''''' 
A cheap Italian hotel, like a bed and breakfast.

'''La Calcina''' 
A historical hotel. La Calcina means ''The Lime House'', because the hotel was built on a 17th-century lime production site. It is located on the Zattere promenade, at the foot of the Calcina Bridge. Various Bohemian artists frequented the Café of the hotel, and John Ruskin indeed stayed at the hotel from February 13 to May 23, 1877. For the historical background of the hotel see [http://www.lacalcina.com/HTML/en/calcina_storia_en.html La Calcina].

'''eminent ghosts, Turner and Whistler, Ruskin, Browning....'''

Evokes Lytton Strachey's ''Eminent Victorians'' and this Quaternity of artists were eminent indeed (though not the subject of Strachey's book). All had a conection to Venice, and the note on Ruskin at the La Calcina above could be true of the other three as well.

Robert Browning became a ghost in Venice in 1887. Of particular historic significance, Browning was the first person to ever have his voice heard after his death. Thomas Edison recorded Browning reading his poem "How They Brought Good News from Ghent to Aix" including the poet's apologies for forgetting the words. The recording was first played in Venice in 1890.

'''''"traces of conciousness". Psychical Research beginning to open these matters..streaming by''''' 

Possible allusion to Joyce's "stream of conciousness". Ulysses is also set in 1904, the year Joyce met his wife.

But that is not the stream of consciousness refered to here, and it is the wrong "James." William James actually coined the term "stream of consciousness." Joyce was not the first to use it as a literary technique either -- he just perfected it in a way not seen before -- except perhaps in Proust.

Considering the context in AtD concerns ghosts and the very next sentence begins with a mention of Psychical Research, "traces of consciousness" is not so much stream of consciousness as a trailing vapor or whisp of consciousness that streams by as a "kind of ghost." Think in terms of thought transference, ESP, mediums, hypnosis, hallucinations, ghosts. More than a few characters in this novel are involved in these things.

In order to study these phenomena, three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge founded The Society for Psychical Research in 1882. William James helped to found the American branch and was president of the group for a while.

There are recurring parallels in AtD to a famous James quote from ''Varieties of Religious Experience'':

Our normal waking consciousness . . . is but one special type of consciousness, whilst all about it, parted from it by the flimsiest of screens, there lie potential forms of consciousness entirely different. We may go through life without suspecting their existence; but apply the requisite stimulus and at a touch they are all there in all their completeness . . . No account of the universe in its totality can be final which leaves these other forms of consciousness quite disregarded.

'''Zattere''' 
An area of wide waterfront pavements in Venice.

'''''...in hotels, the way your dreams are often, alarmingly, not your own?''''' 
One more possible allusion to Proust, including also the following paragraph. At the beginning of the ''Recherche'', the main character, Marcel, spends a sleepless night in a hotel room, surrounded by memories he can't make sense of. 
And it's Pirate Prentice's 'job' in GR and presumably the whole first section of GR is one of Pirate's 'dreams not his own'. 
In ''Lot 49'' Oedipa Maas considers all the dreams and memories stored in the mattresses of transients' hotels, and of the information destroyed when they burned.

'''''cimici''''' 
Latin: bedbug.

'''to pick up traces of the dreams of whoever slept there just before them''' 
Cf. the Tom Waits song "9th & Hennepin": "And all the rooms they smell like diesel / And you take on the dreams of the ones who have slept there". [http://www.tomwaitslibrary.com/lyrics/raindogs/9thandhennepin.html Lyrics]

'''bora''' 
a regional wind, blowing each winter.

==Page 579==

'''vino forte''' 
strong wine.

'''Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Brletta''' 
They are the cities in Puglia (Apula) region of southeast Italy, ie. at the "heel of the Italian Boot".

'''Tintoretto's ''Abduction . . .''''' 
See [http://www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3374 here]

Tintoretto (1518-94), Venetian painter. Originally named Jacopo Robusti, because of his father's profession of ''tintore'' (dye) he was nicknamed as [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tintoret/biograph.html Tintoretto]. The most successful painter of Venetian school in the generation after Titian. His drawings, unlike Michelangelo's detailed life studies, are brilliant, rapid notations, bristling with energy, and his color is more somber and mystical than Titian's. For a better, can be enlarged, view of his [http://www.wga.hu/index1.html ''Abduction of the Body of St. Mark (1562-66)'']. (The title of the work in this Web Gallery of Art is: "The Stealing of the Dead Body of St Mark.")

'''Accademia''' 
The major art-gallery in Dorsoduro, Venice

'''Titian''' 
16th century Venetian painter. 
Vecellio Tiziano (1490-1576), better known as Titian, the greatest painter of the Venetain School and the leading light of the Italian Renaissance. Titian was recognized as a towering genius in his own time and his reputation as one of the giants of art has never been seriously questioned. He was supreme in every branch of painting and his achievements were so varied — ranging "from the joyous evocation of pagan antiquity . . . to the depths of tragedy in his late religious paintings" — that he has been an inspiration to artists of very different character. In many subjects, above all in portraiture, he set patterns that were followed by generations of artists. For more and Titian's paintings [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tiziano/biograph.html Titian].

'''Infancy Gospel of Thomas''' 
One of the apocryphal scriptures. The Infancy Gospel of Thomas relates the miraculous deeds of Jesus before he turned twelve. [http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/infancythomas.html 1] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Thomas Wikipedia on the Gospel of Thomas]

→Actually, The Infancy Gospel of Thomas is not the same as the Gospel of Thomas. The former is a brief summary of Jesus' misadventures as a child (as AtD notes, Jesus really is described as a hell-raiser and although at one point he brings a child named Zenon back from death, the Infancy Gospel mostly just makes a shallow exhibition of Jesus' miraculous powers). The latter is a Gnostic text and a "collection of sayings, prophecies, proverbs, and parables of Jesus" (Willis Barnstone, "The Other Bible" p. 299).

Also, I read through the whole Infancy Gospel of Thomas and could not find the particular parable that Pynchon describes. However, Pynchon's parable is in keeping with the style of this Gospel. Jesus gets in trouble--making adults irate--and then sets everything straight. This particular parable also does not appear in The Infancy Gospel of James, The Infacy Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, or The Arabic Infancy Gospel.

The reference to this Gospel is a double+ play on the twins/double/mirror motif. First, as can be seen in this posting, there is confusion between the Gospel of Thomas and the Infancy Gospel of Thomas. The two gospels appear to be the same, but they are different. Second, the name ''Thomas'' means ''twin''. Also(+), Thomas is the doubting Thomas.
To doubt is to be "of two minds." The historic and theological significance of Thomas is loaded with themes relevant to this novel.

I'd like to add that Pynchon already made up a quote of the Gospel of Thomas in ''Gravity's Rainbow'', p. 537, as an epigraph of Part III, Episode 24: "Dear Mom, I put a couple of people in Hell today . . . ". The author cited his source as "Oxyrhynchus papyrus number classified," which is both correct (the Infancy being a part of the apocryphal Gospel of Thomas which was found on papyri discovered in a Nile river village called Oxyrhynchus) and wrong: the so-called Thomas didn't write that Jesus ever said that to his mother! At least in the papyri that were published… See Weisenburger 2006, (''A Companion to'' GR), p. 282.

==Page 580==

'''Pentecost story in Acts''' 
Pentecost is a Christian holiday commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus' followers and the beginning of the Christian church. Pentecost is celebrated by many (but not all) Christians on the Sunday 50 days after Easter. It often falls in early June. [[Acts II|Read the Biblical passages in Acts II...]]

'''Galilean dialect''' 
Of Aramaic.

'''Yes, well, it's redemption, isn't it, you expect chaos, you get order instead''' 
In the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and the Pentecost, first Jesus, then the Holy Ghost, act as Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon]. In the Infancy Gospel story, Jesus sorts the randomly mixed dye molecules so that each garment comes out one color; in the Pentecost story the Holy Ghost causes a single language, just random noise to all but Galileans, to be heard as the many different languages of the listeners. Taking the two stories together, thermodynamic entropy is reversed, but the entropy of information is increased. This is the crux of ''Lot 49''; here it is another "secular miracle"; order emerges from chaos. The mathematicians, artists and similar seekers may bring forth a similar miracle, the ability to experience other dimensions, to understand the universe (See Kit's dream, P.566).

'''''rii''''' 
Plural of ''rio''.

==Page 581==

'''''sotopòrteghi''''' 
An open doorway for public access. (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 246|page 246:sotopòrteghi]].)

'''Bodeo 10.4 mm''' 
A mass-produced Italian-made service revolver, initially made around 1889. Demand for them as guns was low, causing thousands of the weapons to be converted to table lamps. An interesting Pynchonian connection between light, manufacture, weapons, and war.

==Page 582==

'''''foschetta''''' 
''Foschia'' in Italian means "fog". ''Foschetta'' is a term for "light fog".

'''''masègni''''' 
Blocks of Euganean trachyte used for paving, often marked off by bands of Istrian stone

'''''patrone''''' 
Probably meaning ''padrone'', "master". -- blicero2
:or female saint? not referring to Tonio but just as an expression.

'''wine trains up from Puglia''' 
Puglia region is in southeast of Italy (at the "heel of the Italian Boot"). From page 578-579: "In September, when the vino forte arrived from Brindis, Squinzano, and Barletta . . ." These three cities are in Puglia. Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:vino forte]] and [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Barletta]].

'''Winter''' 
1904-1905?

'''''osterie''''' 
taverns (''osteria'' is a tavern)

'''Principessa Spongiatosta''' 
Is Pugnax's book from p6 at all relevant here?
:Yes! [[Princess_Casamassima,_The|''The Princess Casamassima'']] has several resonances with ''AtD.''

'''Ca'''' 
Abbreviated form of "Casa," Italian for "house."

Which appears to be multidimensional, or at any rate non-Euclidean, reminiscent of Zombini's cabinet.

'''Roman Composite order''' 
A classical order (style of building design) dating from late Roman times, formed by superimposing Ionic volute (volute = a spiral scroll ornament) on a Corinthian capital (capital = the head or crowning feature of a column). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_order Composite order]).

'''japonica''' 
Japanese honeysuckle.

==Page 583==

'''Iron Bridge''' 
The Ponte dell’Accademia - connecting the Venetian quarters (sestieri) San Marco and Dorsoduro - was constructed during the Austrian occupation in 1854. This steel construction got replaced ca. 1933 by a wooden bridge (which was replaced by yet another wooden bridge in 1985) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_dell'Accademia Wikipedia]

'''Le Havre''' 
French port city on the Atlantic (English Channel).

'''''ma via''''' 
Meaning "come on!", in Italian. -- blicero2

'''third eyes touching''' 
The third eye, as existing on some reptiles is a dorsal organ that is receptive to light, otherwise known as the ''pineal eye''. Since the two half-sisters are obviously not reptiles, this reference might allude to the figurative third eye, or the eye of the mind, heart or soul. When the two touch foreheads, they are able to peer into each other consciences, by way of these third eyes. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/third+eye /Dictionary Entry]

==Page 584==

'''"Swiss insurance salesman. Wolf. No, Putzi."''' 
Bria's had so many beaux she gets them confused? One was a wolf; the other a putz?
:''Wolf'' is an uncommon given name but also a diminutive of Wolfgang. ''Putzi'' does not come from a given name; it's like "sweetiepie," a nickname for a cute boy.

Wolf + Putzi sounds a bit like Wuffli. Peter Wuffli was the CEO of UBS (Union Bank of Switzerland) [http://www.ubs.com] from December 2001 to June 2007. He unexpectedly resigned in Jun07, some months before the subprime crisis, in which UBS had to take large financial losses, exploded. [http://www.ubs.com/1/e/investors/releases.html?newsId=127571]

Possibly related, or possibly not-- Putzi's is the club in Cuxhaven where the beleaguered Tyrone Slothrop tries to pick up his forged papers in Gravity's Rainbow. (Home of the Eisenkröte!)

'''''topo''''' [[Image:Topo.jpg|thumb|Topo Boats|right]]
A topo is a guide for a crag or climbing area; a shortened form of "topographic map" of any type of surface topology. But what is Pynchon referring to? Topo is "rat" in Italian and "awkward person" in Spanish. The Greek topos means "place" or "commonplace" None seems to refer to a "day out on the water" or a "day off work" as it seems to imply here. Interesting Pynchonesque tidbit found while researching the root source of the word topology: A term used to refer to the continuity of space and spatial properties, such as connectivity, that are unchanged after distortion. (Thanks to the The University of Melbourne's GIS glossary) Topology includes the study of the surface of an object, such a as a the paint of a canvas painting and the transformations such surfaces can undergo mathematically, including through imaginary domains.

:Pynchon writes "Some artist friends had a ''topo'' for the day." He is referring to the boat they rented. It means "mouse" in Italian and is apparently the name of a small traditional Venetian fishing boat now used for [http://www.veniceword.com/special.html touring]. As for mathematical topology, Pynchon's topological metaphors reach a crescendo in the next chapter.

'''Dogana''' 
Custom House, built on a wedge of land called ''Punta della Dogana'' (Custom Point). This wedge of land is at the entrance of the Grand Canal, as described in the text: "where the Grand Canal and the Lagoon meet". The original 14th-century customs tower was replaced by a colonnaded building named the ''Dogana de Mare'' (Sea Customs Post). See picture [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/media_1041505867_761562189_-1_1/Punta_della_Dogana_Venice.html Punta della Dogana]

'''Andrea Tancredi''' 
An artist and acquaintence made by Hunter Penhallow in Venice. His name is likely derived from the Gioacchino Rossini opera ''Tancredi'' or the Voltaire play by the same name. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancredi Wikipedia Entry] 
Tancredi, restored, is a tragedy. the soldier Tancredi and his family have been stripped of their estates and inheritances, and he himself has been banished since his youth. Two more noble families — headed by Argirio and Orbazzano — have been warring for years. Wikipedia.
Tancredi presides in exile...he is mortally wounded at the end after learning the person he thought betrayed the heroine did not.

:Actually, per [[T#tancredi|my entry in the Alpha index]], more likely the name connects with Tancredi, the time-traveling character in ''City of Death'', a four-part serial in the British science fiction television series ''Dr. Who'' which involves time travel and bilocation. Tancredi is the sole survivor of the Jagaroth race, an evil people who destroyed themselves in a war some 400 million years ago. Tancredi explains that a few escaped in a dilapidated spacecraft and found Earth in a primeval, lifeless stage of its development. The ship disintegrated upon takeoff and [[Scaroth]] tells of how he was fractured in time, splinters of his being were scattered across time and space, all identical, none complete. Whereas, in ''City of Death'', Tancredi, one of the Scaroff "splinters" living in Renaissance Italy, is plotting to create multiple Mona Lisa's for fraudulent purposes, ''Against the Day'''s Tancredi is fighting art fraud. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Death Read the synopsis of ''City of Death'']; The name "Andrea" ''could'' be a reference to the protagonist Andrea Marsh, a time-traveler in the 1889 novel, ''Timeless Love'' by Judy Hinson ([[Timeless Love|synopsis]]).

'''Seurat and Signac''' 
George Seurat (1859-1891) and Paul Signac (1863-1935), French painters who developed pointillism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointillism Wikipedia entry].

'''Divisionism''' 
Term invented by Paul Signac to describe the Neo-Impressionist separation of colour into dots or patches applied directly to the canvas. From Grove Dictionary of Art.

'''Marinetti''' 
The Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti was the first among [the Futurists] to produce a manifesto of their artistic philosophy in his Manifesto of Futurism (1909)(see below).

'''"Futurists"''' 
Practitioners or followers of Futurism, an early 20th century art movement that is considered the genesis of Cubism, Dada and Art Deco. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism_%28art%29 Wikipedia entry].Marinetti summed up the major principles of the Futurists, including a passionate loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions. He and others also espoused a love of speed, technology and violence. The car, the plane, the industrial town were all legendary for the Futurists, because they represented the technological triumph of man over nature.

'''brutalism''' 
See above and The Futurists were often condemned as fascistic in their manifestos and outlook.

'''Torcello''' 
A lonely Venetian island: very peaceful and beautiful with a church and little else.

'''primitivo''' 
A kind of red wine (same as the original Zinfandel, actually).

==Page 585==

'''green-and-lavender''' 
Another clashing color scheme.

'''sirocco''' 
A hot dust-laden wind from the Libyan deserts that blows on the northern Mediterranean coast chiefly in Italy, Malta, and Sicily. 
The correct spelling in Italian is ''Scirocco''.

'''San Michele''' 
San Michele, nicknamed The Island of the Dead, is the cemetery island of Venice. It is associated with the sestiere of Cannaregio from which it lies a short distance north east.
Walls of San Michele.Along with neighbouring San Cristoforo della Pace, the island was a popular place for local travellers and fishermen to land. Mauro Codussi's Chiesa di San Michele in Isola of 1469, the first Renaissance church in Venice, and a monastery lie on the island.

'''futuristic vehicle''' 
See p. 155 [[ATD_149-170#Pages_154-155|and annotations.]] Of course, the machine-inspired Futurists would remind Hunter of this vehicle that 'had borne him to safety'!

Why? Hunter isn't the Futurist here and doesn't seem to share the same naive faith in Progress that Tancredi does.

'''the chill, comfortless faith in science and rationality...''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber Max Weber's] concept of rationality, and the [[Routinization of Charisma|routinization/rationalization of charisma]], is a prominent theme in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=R#routinization ''Gravity's Rainbow''] a spontaneous and charismatic source of authority is eventually "rationalized" and brought under the control of processes and rules. In Pynchon's view, it is a movement toward Death and thematically related to entropy a prominent theme in [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=E#entropy ''V.''] and, in [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#fengshui ''Mason & Dixon''], bad ''Feng Shui'' and the reduction of the fuzzy boundaries between Pennsylvania and Maryland into a straight line.

'''''Preliminary Studies...''''' 
Artists often do 'preliminary studies'..'infernal machine' comes out of Futurism's ideas.

==Page 586==
'''“One must begin by accepting Hell -- by understanding that Hell is real..."''' 
See multiple citations for ([http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=H Hell]) A book that takes us through Dante's gate twice (158, 401), has Ryder Thorn warn us explicitly that "this world.. will die and descend into Hell" (553), and ends with the words AtD ends with, may be good practice for taking Tancredi's advice.

'''Always with us.''' 
Gospel of Matthew. "The poor you will always have with you". Here reference is to born-again Christers.

'''''vero?''''' 
Literally meaning ''true'' in Italian, here it is used as you would use: "Are you talking of an infernal machine, ''aren't you'' ?"

'''Hell in a small bounded space ... But the finite space would expand rapidly''' 
Tancredi is probably envisioning the onset of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_war_i World War I], which hangs over the entire novel. The war began with the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, an event in land-locked Bosnia that led to a chain-reaction triggering of formal alliances and national interests, i.e. an infernal machine. The cultural changes brought on by the war, continuing through the Twentieth Century, include the suppression of Christianity in Eastern Europe and its decline as an ideology in the West. Of course, this is also an allusion to an actual chain-reaction, an atomic bomb, which begins with a small implosion.

'''We desire transformation''' 
Aligns the explosion-loving Tancredi with the Rilke-quoting Blicero from Gravity's Rainbow. '"Want the Change," Rilke said, "O be inspired by the Flame!"' (GR p.97)

It also might be helpful to recall that Shiva, who has been referred to implicitly numerous times already in ATD, is the transformative/destructive deity of the Hindi Trimurti.

This section also sets up Tancredi as an opposite of Hunter, who on p.577 wants to find a "neutral hour", that "goes neither forwards or back", and on the same page "felt no desire to join in, quite the opposite." Hunter himself is much like Katje from GR. Page 97 again: "But not Katje: No mothlike plunge. He must conclude that secretly she fears the change..."

'''orpiment yellow''' 
A yellow color pigment ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpiment Wikipedia])

'''Nürnberg violet''' 
An artificial color pigment discovered in 1868 in the city of Nuremberg

==Page 587==

'''"The energies of motion, the grammatical tyrannies of becoming, in divisionismo we discover how to break them apart into their component frequencies . . . we define a smallest element, a dot of color which becomes the basic unit of reality . . . .''' 
This seems to describe both the kind of painting done by Tancredi and atomic research. Breaking material into its atomic unit, the basic unit of reality, is literally part of the "energies of motion."
This also describes how a television set works. The screen is composed of millions of tiny dots that, taken together, create moving pictures.

'''Brownian movement''' 
Also called Brownian motion. It is the irregular motion of small particles suspended in a liquid or a gas, caused by the bombardment of the particles by molecules of the medium
first divscovered by botanist Robert Brown (1773-1858) in 1827. Einstein in one of his four ''Annus Mirabilis Papers'' of 1905 explained the random motion using molecular kinetic theory of heat. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:young Einstein]].

'''I really love the old dump''' 
For the same reason Dally does: Venice has what Pynchon called (in ''V.'') "Temporal Bandwidth": a life in a depth of time, a simultaneous humane immersion in past, present and future. The canals of industrialized Belgium are silted up, the connections to its Hanse past lost, paved and tracked over. This has not, and cannot, happen to Venice; even a Futurist painter cannot carry out the appaling modernization he describes. Venice is a place to hide from the future; indeed, in terms of physical destruction, the world wars barely touched La Serenisima.

'''''nebbia, nebbietta, foschia, caligo, sfumato''''' 
Varieties of fog.

'''speed of sound''' 
Air temperature is more important than density.

'''''La Velocità del Suono''''' 
Italian, "speed of sound"

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 557-587

2010-08-30T00:11:43Z

Bangorang: /* Page 568 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 557==

'''Viktor Mulciber''' 
Well, no benign associations with "Mulciber"! Mulciber is an alternative name of the Roman god Vulcan, the god of fire and volcanoes, and the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, and armor for gods and heroes. Mulciber is also the name of a character in John Milton's ''Paradise Lost'', the architect of the demon city of Pandemonium. When Pynchon was alluded to on The John Larroquette Show [80s or 90s], the book he was said to be working on was called ''Pandemonium of the Sun''. 
In the Harry Potter books, Mulciber is a Death Eater, a minor Dark Wizard.

'''bespoke''' 
made to order, hence hand-made and expensive. Somewhere in the novel is a reference to 1 Savile Row, the address of Gieves and Hawkes, a very traditional English tailor.

'''Basil Zaharoff''' 
Sir Basil Zaharoff, originally Zacharias Basileios, (1849, Muğla, Turkey - 1936, Monte Carlo, Monaco) was a Greek arms trader and financier, the director and chairman of the Vickers munitions firm during World War I [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaharoff_Basil]. He also turns up as an international arms dealer in Reilly, Ace of Spies.

In addition to the arms-dealing and being semi-fictionalized, Zaharoff is also notable for bribing the Japanese Admiral, helping to incorporate the company that eventually became British Petroleum, and through his association with Louis II of Monaco, the purchase of the Société des Bains de Mer, which ran the famous Monte Carlo casino.

'''trains of history... run''' 
Karl Marx, in ''Das Kapital'', referred to wars as the "express trains of history" because they can spark societal or national crises, marking a historical turning point, and they can release economic, social, and moral forces of unforeseen power and dimensions, making any return to the status quo impossible.
Also notice TRP's steady referencing of 'railroads' in a negative way.

'''Q-weapon''' 
Possible allusion to Professor Kokintz's "Q-bomb" in ''The Mouse That Roared'' (1959) or to James Bond's master armorer Q. It could also be an allusion to the character "Q" in Star Trek where the name "Q" is also shared by other members of the Q Continuum. Q is a mischievous omnipotent being who has taken an interest in humans. He also has a flair for the dramatic, with a mercurial personality that switches between a joking, camp style and a more ominous and even dangerous manner. While he is boastful, condescending and threatening, he arguably has humanity's best interests at heart. In the episode "The Q and the Gray" (''Star Trek: Voyager'' - 3rd season), Q weapons are provided to the crew of the Voyager to free Q and Janeway, who have been captured by rebels. [http://www.answers.com/topic/the-q-and-the-grey Synopsis]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(Star_Trek) Wikipedia]. Looney Tunes character Marvin the Martian possesses an earth-destroying weapon known as the Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator.

In this context, the Q stands for "Quaternion." See under [[Q]] in the alphabetical index.

See also [[Q-weapon and Photography]]...

'''Balkan ''komitadji''''' 
Originally, members of the rebel gangs ("committees"), controlled from Sofia, who made forays into Macedonia, the chief object of Bulgarian expansionism before WWI. The word was also commonly used for Serbian irregular fighters.

:See this slightly different [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komitadji Komitadji].

'''waybill''' 
Ancestor of what Fedex and UPS call "shipping document"; it identifies the article shipped and contains necessary addresses and instructions.

'''metamorphosed into an American Negro''' 
Cf honorary Negro (Frank above).

More like an actual negro. Dr V. Ganesh Rao, as was explained earlier, literally transforms after each quaternionic yoga pose.

'''Nipponese''' 
Japanese

'''peach''' 
Plum, actually.

'''Hertzian''' 
Electromagnetic waves, first demonstrated by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz Heinrich Hertz] (Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318:Hertz]]).

'''they cannot strictly . . . longitudinal as well as transverse''' 
Hertz's theory and Maxwell's equations describe ''transverse'' waves in which the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of travel; no longitudinal waves--with vibrations parallel to the direction of travel--are permitted. In air, sound waves are longitudinal; what's suggested here is a new wave that does not fit the Hertz-Maxwell paradigm.

==Page 558==

'''scalar part''' 
Quaternion equivalent of the real part. 
A scalar quantity in geometry has magnitude but not direction. The length of a line segment is a scalar. 
Time is a scalar term.

'''baritone in a barbershop quartet''' 
[http://www.barbershop.org/web/groups/public/documents/pages/pub_id_000827.hcsp Quote]:Technically speaking, barbershop harmony is a style of unaccompanied singing with three voices harmonizing to the melody. The lead usually sings the melody, with the tenor harmonizing above the lead. The bass sings the lowest harmonizing notes and the baritone provides in-between notes, either above or below the lead to make chords (specifically, dominant-type or "barbershop" sevenths) that give barbershop its distinctive, "full" sound.

'''viola in a string quartet''' 
Two violins, a viola, and a violoncello make up a string quartet. The viola is between the others in pitch and is generally considered to have been given the least interesting parts in Classical and Romantic music for string quartet. 
Classical musicians have a whole culture of viola-player jokes. Like drummers in rock bands.

'''Further Term''' 
The three parts of a quaternion that are multiples of '''i''', '''j''' and '''k''' (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525: Quaternions]].)

'''the fulfiller of the Trinity''' 
the name of the first atom bomb detonated at Los Alamos. Alluded to earlier as the "Anti-Stone" (Webb and Merle, p.78). The origin of the name Trinity for this event is uncertain. It is commonly thought that Robert Oppenheimer provided the name, which would seem logical, but even this is not definitely known. A leading theory is that Oppenheimer did select it, and that he did so with reference to the divine Hindu trinity of Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer). Oppenheimer had an avid interest in Sanskrit literature (which he had taught himself to read), and following the Trinity test is reported to have recited a passage from the Bhagavad-Gita that is quoted earlier in this wiki. 

The usage of the Tibetan Mount Kailash, the holy dwelling place of Shiva, God of destruction and regeneration, on p. 437 seems to support this.

Also, a religious allusion to the three-person Godhead in Christian theology. 
Also, third ATD meaning!, a college in Dublin mentioned on page 560.

Also,"the Destroyer, the fulfiller of the trinity" recalls the Destroyer on page 154, the meteorite, and thus relates ''that'' passage to the Anti-Stone.

Also, in Jungian Psychology the 'fulfiller' of the trinity, making it a complete four-aspect entity, is the 'shadow', or traditionally, the devil (the force always excluded and seen as bad in Christian theology). Cf. C. G. Jung, "Versuch einer psychologischen Deutung des Trinitätsdogmas", Gesammelte Werke 11, especially p.179-94. Interestingly, Jung uses the term 'quaternarisch' for this. More Q-talk, then.

'''the pulselessness of salvation''' 
salvation lies outside of time?

'''A weapon based on Time''' 
Time is why there is entropy, that key Pynchonian term. Pynchon has created a brilliant metaphor that uses the concept uniquely. The Q-weapon, at the heart of which lies "a crystal about the size of a human eyeball" is based on Time. What becomes of the Q-weapon after Umeki (possibly) gives it to Halfcourt in Constantinople? ([[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1036|See page 1036...]])

'''"...you could become the most feared person in history." ... "I'd rather be loved," said Root.''' 
Echoes Machiavelli's famous aphorism, "It is much safer to be feared than loved."

'''laterite''' 
A mineral structure formed by erosion, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laterite Wikipedia]. Laterite is typically rich in metal oxides and poor in organic matter.

'''Ostend''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Ostend]]. Ostend (Dutch: Oostende, French & German: Ostende) is a Belgian municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It comprises the villages of Mariakerke, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest at the Belgian coast. Wikipedia.

'''Inner Boulevards''' 
streets in Brussels."In spite of the competition of the Central or Inner Boulevards, the Montagne de la Cour still remains the principal street for shopping in Brussels." "Brussels", Antiques Digest, 1904.

'''Gare du Midi''' 
The largest railway station in Brussels and a haunt of prostitutes.

<div id="gevaert"></div>'''Edouard Gevaert''' 
It seems this gentleman is fictional. although there are some interesting, but tenuous, connections. Agfa-Gevaert is the current owner of the [[W#wardenclyffe|Wardenclyffe Tower]] facility which housed the Tesla Tower. [http://www.maerlant.be/photherel/student/nvgevaert.htm Lieven Gevaert] (1868-1935) was a Belgian industrialist who founded Gevaert & Co. which produced photographic paper, in 1894. The company specialized in "daylight" paper, which relies on the event of exposure of the positive image through daylight, as opposed to development paper which is based on a process of special manipulation with chemicals. (Are photographs "stolen goods"? "Unworldy go-betweens"? Is the Q-Weapon a ... camera? No. It unlocks Time, animating the photograph - [[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1036|See page 1036]]) Agfa (Actien-Gesellschaft für Anilin-Fabrikation) was founded in 1864 as a manufacturer of dies and stains. In World War II, it became part of IG Farben (prominent in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=IG_Farben_References ''Gravity's Rainbow'']. The Allies broke up IG Farben after the war and Agfa emerged as an individual company. And, well, there ''was'' a Dutch arms dealer named Edouard de Beaumont (1841-1895) who has a rifle named after him. Yes, a stretch... Upon further reflection, I believe "Edouard" may refer to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muybridge Eadweard Muybridge] (Edouard was a variant spelling he earlier used) and his photographic experiments with ''freezing'' motion/Time.

==Page 559==

'''Krupp field-piece''' 
The Krupps are an ancient German family, famous for making weapons. A field-piece is a light-cannon.

'''vaguely glandular''' 
Describes Belgium, it seems.

'''''ostinato''''' 
A continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm.

'''poleaxed''' 
Stunned, brought to a mental standstill. (A poleaxe was used in slaughterhouses.)

'''lost to silence''' 
(Not silent, or very?)Very

==Page 560==

'''Wellington Hippodrome''' 
A race track in Ostend. (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 528|page 528:Hippodrome]].)

'''Estacade''' 
:A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the approach of an enemy. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Estacade]

'''''mousmée... mouchard''''' 
French: a young Japanese woman; a police spy.

mouchard: informer

:When Henry James revised ''The Princess Casamassima'' for the 1909 New York edition, the phrase "middle-class spy" in the 1886 text became ''mouchard''. Source: note by Patricia Crick in Penguin Classics edition.

'''always lead an irregular life''' 
Cf GR.

'''Maria Bayley Hamilton''' 
Hamilton's wife !!!

'''council meeting''' 
???

==Page 561==

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
It was on this site that the [[H#hamilton|mathematician William Rowan Hamilton]], in a flash of genius, came upon the formula for Quaternions and scratched it into the stone of the bridge.

About the bridge, the carving, photos of them, a couple of mathematicians' impression of the bridge, etc, see [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/octonions/node24.html Brougham Bridge].

'''on the stone''' 
The bridge is evidently a stone bridge. Stone, a natural thing, is a good for Pynchon. Hamilton's action is metaphorically a deeply religious moment. "Pentecostal" wherein the Quaternions 'descend' to earth [in the thoughts of men].

'''''i² = j² = k² = ijk = –1''''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Quaternion]].

'''Pentecostal''' 
Pentecost (< Greek πεντηκοστή [ἡμέρα], pentekostē [hēmera], "the fiftieth day") is the fiftieth day after Easter Sunday, which corresponds to the tenth day after Ascension Thursday. It is a feast in the Christian liturgical calendar — symbolically related to the Jewish festival of Shavuot — that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and the followers of Jesus on that day, as described in the Book of Acts, Chapter 2. Pentecost is also called "Whitsunday" (deriving from "Wit Sunday") in UK and other English-speaking areas.

Almost needless to say, the Pentecostal revelation is what is supposed to happen at the end of "Lot 49".

'''official Mischief Opportunity''' 
like 'shore leave', it seems. To leave the rules of the Organization and create mischief.

'''absinthe spoons''' 
absinthe spoons have slits whereon are placed sugar cubes through which one pours the absinthe

'''cravats''' 
A cravat is the neckband forerunner of the modern, tailored necktie. From the end of the 16th century, the term "band" applied to any long-strip neckcloth that was not a "ruff"; the ruff—a starched, pleated white linen strip—started its fashion career earlier in the 16th century as neckcloth that could be changed-a-fresh to keep the neck of a doublet from becoming too-soiled or as a bib or a napkin. A "band" could indicate a plain, attached shirt collar or a detachable "falling band" that draped over the doublet collar. 
Necktie fashions have changed over time. The modern cravat originated in the 1630s when Western Europeans saw Croats wearing extravagant neck scarves; the French word ''cravate'' meant "Croatian cavalryman."

'''"four-door farce"''' 
(See eg Bogdanovich's "What's Up, Doc?")
This is also a pun on the name of Georges Feydeau, French writer of farces who was writing when Pynchon's novel is set. One of the recurring physical jokes involves sets with many doors and people coming in and out, just missing each other....

The ranking of farces by door number is mostly jocular. Neil Simon's ''Rumors'' is a fine example of a seven-door farce.

==Page 562==

'''Minque''' 
the fish auction house.

'''Bruges''' 
A city about 18 miles east of Ostende, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Bruges]].

'''Ghent''' 
A city about 40 miles southeast by east from Ostend, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Ghent]].

'''carillons . . . carillonneur''' 
The [http://www.gcna.org/crlnexp.html carillon] was popular in Belgium before it caught on in most other places. It comprises a set of bells, matched in character, forming a scale (a couple of chromatic octaves or even more), with the beaters or clappers mechanically linked to a keyboard. A later development replaced muscle power with electromechanical linkages. In a still later "advance," the carillon was automated with music-box-like control. The American practice of playing recorded bells through loudspeakers is a inexpensive way to imitate carillon music. 
The carillonneur is the master at the keyboard. 
English-style bell ringing is a totally different pursuit, using (often imperfectly) tuned bells actuated in nonmelodic sequences. The bells, not the clappers, are swung with ropes. The effect of an eight-bell "peal" and a team of ringers with plenty of time on their hands—as heard by this American contributor in Bristol one spring Sunday—is perfectly charming. 
By the way: The word "carillon" is derived from the Latin "quaternio" (= consisting of four elements)...

'''Hanseatic''' 
The Hansa or Hanseatic League (definitely a creation of "the Christian North," next paragraph) was a great mercantile system that held itself above national rule.

'''burghers''' 
middle-class married men 
Well, a bit more than that: a burgher was a 'citizen', but not everyone had that status. Originally town-dweller of the craftsman or merchant class, probably a member of a guild, and thus eligible to serve in the corporation or town council. Later it comes to mean something like 'bourgeois', which has the same origin, and later still just a 'solid citizen'. In Germanic-speaking countries today it's just a citizen in the broadest sense, someone who has citizenship.

'''silted up''' 
backed up, underwater, with mud; i.e. neglected, because replaced by railroads. -As it silted up "back in the 1400s" we can safely exclude the influence of railroads.

'''Damme and Sluis''' 
Port cities near Bruges, heavily dependent on them from the 14th Century. 
See [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/communities/damme.htm Damme] and [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/arounddamme/sluis.htm Sluis]. For an overview map, showing cannals, roads etc, of the general area around Bruges-Damme-Sluis see [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/maps/generaloverview.htm Bruges-Damme-Sluis]

==Page 563==

'''trusted his intuitiveness''' 
Woevre is a natural killer.

'''''"Jou moerskont!"''... Afrikaans''' 
Possibly "you horse's ass"? --More likely something like "mother's cunt".

==Page 564==

'''voices of everyone he had ever put to death had been ... scored for some immense choir''' 
A possible reference to ''Star Wars'': Obi-wan experiences the obliteration of an entire planet as "a great disturbance in the Force, as if millions of voices suddenly cried out in terror and were suddenly silenced." [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076759/quotes]

Also another potentially time-less event, all of Woevre's murders collapsed into a single moment.

The "choir" image occurs several times in ''AtD.'' [[ATD_1-25#Page_19|One example.]]

'''"I cannot bear it ... this terrible light..."''' 
Shades of the Kirghiz Light in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=The_Kirghiz_Light ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''''Voetsak''''' 
Afrikaans (maybe Dutch too): Go away! Also spelled ''voertsek'' or ''voetsek.'' 
Borrowed in English with the spelling ''footsack.'' The Urban Dictionary, which often excites skepticism, has [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=footsack a useful entry] with a marginally plausible etymology. In [http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/lit/drama/Finished/chap5.html ''Finished'' (1916),] novelist H. Rider Haggard glossed it this way: "Among Europeans he rejoiced in the name of Footsack, a Boer Dutch term which is generally addressed to troublesome dogs and means 'Get out.'" And in a defective 1943 book for young readers, ''Great Caesar's Ghost'' (by Manning Coles, creator of gentleman op Tommy Hambledon), an English merchant seaman says, "Get out, 'op it, vamoose, footsack, imshi, or I'll—" [http://www.absp.org.uk/words/interjections.html ''Imshi''] is British service slang for "go."

'''starers''' 
Those who stared at Kit earlier.

'''dramatic performance''' 
referring to 'No'?

'''tobacco-stricken''' 
A smoker's deep or gritty voice.

'''half-silvering''' 
A design for an optical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_splitter beam splitter] that causes half of the incident light to be transmitted and the other half to be reflected.

'''the fatal number four—to a Japanese mind''' 
Japanese character for number "four" has the same pronunciation as that of character "death". 
Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 258|page 258:Japanese character for "four"]].

'''four cusps... index-surface''' 
???

'''co-conscious''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 527|page 527:co-conscious]]. Repeat here: "mental processes outside the main stream of consciousness but sometimes available to it - from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary."

Third use, I think. Who/what is co-conscious here? (First time, page 478; then page 527.)

Could it be the dimly perceived consciousness of one's double in the adjacent, alternate world? Or one's consciousness of that world?

==Page 565==

'''true icosahedron''' 
Probably a regular icosahedron, where the sides are formed by 20 equilateral triangles. For a picture see [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Icosahedron.html Icosahedron].

'''12+8... pyrites''' 
Pyrite crystals form a structure that can be decomposed into unit cells that contain (part of) 12 sulphur atoms and 8 iron atoms.

'''Riemann sphere''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_sphere Wikipedia]

'''Felix Klein''' 
German mathematician ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Klein Wikipedia])

'''ebonite''' 
An early plastic([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebonite Wikipedia])

'''Ohmic Drift Compensator''' 
ohm = the practical meter-kilogram-second unit of electric resistance equal to the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampere; The Ohmic Drift Compensator a key component of the Q-weapon "regulates how much light is allowed to enter the silvering of the mirror! Special kind of refraction! Calibrated against imaginary index! Dangerous! Of the essence!'" See also [[ATD 525-556#Page 541|Page 541]].

'''speed of the earth . . . kinetic energy''' 
Einstein in 1905 showed most of this argument to be nonsense, but if Lorentz's paper is still recent (next entry) the shift in thinking may not have happened yet. 
::Umeki refers on page 564 to 'Minkowskian space-time', which is a geometrical interpretation of Special Relativity, so she must be well aware of Einstein's theory. In fact, this reference to Minkowski, and those at pp 594 and 602, seem to place these episodes after 1908. However, p 596 seems to make Kit's stay in Göttingen contemporary with the 1905 revolution in Russia. So... either Umeki and Yashmeen have knowledge of Minkowski's theories before he makes them public, or (and this gets my vote) it just isn't possible to construct a consistent, real-world chronology for the novel.
:Since the earth's mean orbital speed ( ~ 30 km/s) is rather small in comparison with the speed of light ( ~ 300,000 km/s), no relativistic correction is needed in calculating earth's orbital kinetic energy. And in a reference frame anchored on the Sun, the earth's kinetic eneregy, ''E = ½ m v²'', where ''m'' is the earth mass and ''v'' it's orbital speed, still holds. Einstein showed only that it is no longer true against the nonexistent stationary ''æther''. Of course, it is irrelevant to an earthbound weapon tried to make use of this energy against a person who is standing on the earth.

'''Recently Lorentz's paper''' 
Lorentz's 1904 "Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity less than that of light" ([http://www.soso.ch/wissen/hist/SRT/L-1904.pdf PDF])

'''Lorentz . . . Fitzgerald . . . along the axis of motion''' 
It was the phenomenon of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, together with the abolition of the æther by Michelson and Morley, that led Einstein to his theory of special relativity.
:Michelson and Morley did NOT abolish the æther. Their experiement (1887), attempting to detect the light speed change due to the effect of the æther wind, was a total failure, and they could not explain the negative result.
::OK, would you accept "the abolition of the æther hypothesis in consequence of Michelson and Morley's work"? In fact, that negative result—replicated many times since—did render the notion of the luminiferous æther untenable, as the next two paragraphs make clear.
:The Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis was proposed to explain the "null" result of the Michelson-Morley experiment but still keeping the æther. (see paragraph 8 of Lorentz's 1904 paper above). Lorentz considered the contraction was not physically real but a device to explain the Michelson-Morley experiment. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_Fitzgerald_contraction_hypothesis Lorentz_Fitzgerald Contraction]).
::Some of the repetitions of the M-M experiment, all yielding the same result, were performed by Morley with Dayton C. Miller. In the 1920s Miller conducted his own aether-drift experiments, recording ''positive'' results (i.e. apparently detecting the aether) and in 1925 was awarded an 'American Society for the Advancement of Science' prize for this work. So it was certainly not universally accepted that the original M-M experiment made the aether hypothesis untenable: it was believed by some scientists that the experiment had simply been a failure. Check out ''The Golem'' by Harry Collins and Trevor Pinch for the whole story.
:Einstein (1905) derived the Lorentz contraction directly, without assuming the existence of the æther, from the ''Principle of Relativity'' (ie different observers moving at a constant speed with respect to each other find the laws of physics to be identical and find the speed of light to be the same), and proved that Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis had been "ad-hoc". And Einstein explain the failure of Michelson-Morley experiment by abolishing the æther !

'''Lord Rayleigh [...] wonders if such motion might not cause a crystalline body to become double refracting''' 
John William Strutt, third Baron Rayleigh (1842-1919) was one of the very few members of higher nobility who won fame as an outstanding scientist. Lord Rayleigh's first researches were mainly mathematical, concerning optics and vibrating systems, but his later work ranged over almost the whole field of physics, covering sound, wave theory, colour vision, electrodynamics, electromagnetism, light scattering, flow of liquids, hydrodynamics, density of gases, viscosity, capillarity, elasticity, and photography.

This specific reference is to Lord Rayleigh's paper published in the ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character'', Vol. 98, No. 692 (Jan. 3, 1921), pp. 284-296, entitled "Double Refraction and Crystalline Structure of Silica Glass." The introduction:

:Silica glass, as is well known, may be produced by the fusion of clear crystalline quartz. In this way a clear transparent product is obtained. The present paper deals only with this kind of silica glass. The cruder variety, known as vitreosil, which is prepared from sand, is not free enough from bubbbles and striae to allow satisfactory observation.

:That silica glass may be doubly refracting was noticed in casual observations, made to test its suitability for windows, in my experiments on the scattering of light by gases. It soon become clear that this double refraction could not in all cases be due to stress, but was to be attributed to something of the nature of crystalline structure. At the same time, the double refraction is very weak indeed compared with that of crystalline quartz.

:Glasses have generally been considered essentially amorphous, and, indeed, this property would usually be invoked in the definition of a glass. It may be that, in view of the present results, the definition will need to be modified, though this point is hardly ripe for discussion. In the meantime, I still use the term silica glass.

:I have not met with similar effects in any of the ordinary complex glasses. When these are doubly refracting, it is always attributable to strain. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0950-1207(19210103)98%3A692%3C284%3ADRACSO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7]

==Page 566==

'''In a dream...''' 

This passage, describing Kit's dream of Umeki and the message it conveys, pulls together many of the main themes of ''Against the Day'', tying things together in a way that Pynchon seldom does, almost as if he's providing a rather large piece of the puzzle to help the reader understand the novel:

:"Deep among the equations describing the behavor of light, field equations, Vector and Quaternion equations, lies a set of directions, an intinerary, a map to a hidden space. Double refraction appears again and again as a key element, permitting a view into a Creation set just to the side of this one, so close as to overlap, where the membrane between the worlds, in many places, has become too frail, too permeable, for safety.... Within the mirror, with the scalar term, within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark intinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist."

This is rather a good description of ''AtD'' itself. It is a (inevitably) "corrupted pilgrim's guide", but is the guide corrupted, or the pilgrim?

'''analogies''' 
(Pynchonian heuristics.)

'''the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first''' 
Cf. p. 436 '''holy pilgrimages. One defines a destination, proceeds through a series of stations...

'''lightless uncreated''' 
(Gnostic heresy?)

'''...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist.''' 
Compare with "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light." '''and''' "the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp" ([[ATD 1018-1039#Page 1032|p. 1032]]);

'''stuffed sinus''' 
sinus/nasal congestion. It is like looking out onto a new world when one's sinus finally clears after days of congestion.

'''''Konichiwa''''' 
''sic'' for "Konnichiwa / Kon nichi wa" -- Japanese greeting.

==Page 567==

'''new Puccini opera''' 
Obviously, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Butterfly Madame Butterfly]

'''[Americans] can't ever die of shame''' 
shameless, unlike the Japanese

'''Kimura-san''' 
Kimura ( "tree village") is the 18th most common Japanese surname.
-san is used as a courtesy title in Japanese-speaking areas as a suffix to the given name, surname, or title of the person being addressed, regardless of age or gender: Yamamoto san; sensei-san. 
Chimera-san?

Kimura is Umeki's colleague who worked with De Forest on vector analysis for syntotic wireless under Gibbs at Yale. (see p. 532 and p. 29) I think this wiki would be more useful if we focused more on internal text references rather than Google-happy idle speculation. Pynchon is pretty conscientious about providing all we need to know within the text itself.

'''Borel-Clerc... "La Matchiche"''' 
Popular vaudeville song from 1903. "La Matchiche" is French for the Brazilian dance Maxixe.

'''western anchor''' 
What about France, Spain, Portugal? Belgium is a port country with a highly developed transportation system into all of these countries. .....it was the first country to industrialize in Europe....Wikipedia.

In addition, Ostend is the westernmost port. It remains today a major Continental ferry terminus for North Sea crossings, including the fastest surface route, the hydrofoil.

'''the Orient Express''' 
The first [http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r045.html Orient Express] (1883-1914), connecting the English Channel with the Black Sea, is one of the most famous trains in Europe. It ran from Calais and Paris to Bucharest (Romania), passing through Strasbourg (France), Munich (Germany), Vienna (Austria), Pozsony (or Pressburg; now Bratislava, Slovakia) and Budapest (Hungary). From Bucharest it went through Bulgaria and then, by ferry, to Istanbul of Turkey. The original Orient Express was operated by Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits. Ever since the original Orient Express started operation, the name has become synonymous with luxury travel. After World I there were various railway routes had the name of Orient Express.

'''the Trans-Siberian''' 
The [http://www.transsib.ru/Eng/history-phases.htm Trans-Siberian] is a railway route connecting Moscow (Europe) to Vladivostok or Beijing (Far East Asia). Taking a journey by the Trans-Siberian Railway has long been considered an experience with mythological proportions. It is the longest continuous rail line on earth - about 6,000 miles over one third of the globe. In 1891, Czar Alexander III drew up planes for the Trans-Siberian and initiated its construction, and a more or less continuous route was completed in 1905. It took many more years to make the route smoothly operative.

'''the Berlin-to-Baghdad''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Railway Berlin-Baghdad (also Basra) Railway] was the route of German's expansion from Europe to the Persian Gulf, from which trade goods and supplies could be directly exchanged with the farthest of the German colonies and the world. It could also supply German industry directly with oil. Its conception (1888) and completion a couple of years later engendered great opposition from Russia, France and England as part of the "Great Game".

'''World-Island''' 
[[ATD 429-459#Page_433|See annotation at page 433]]

'''Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits''' 
"International Sleeping-Car Company", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlson_Wagonlit Wikipedia]

'''two hundred francs''' 
"None of that, Hakkabut. Hold your tongue." And, turning to Rosette, the captain said, "If, sir, I understand right, you require some silver five-franc pieces for your operation?"
"Forty," said Rosette, surlily.
"Two hundred francs!" whined Hakkabut.-- On a Comet, Jules Verne

'''theory of sets''' 
Set theory is the mathematical theory of sets, which represent collections of abstract objects. It encompasses the everyday notions, introduced in primary school, of collections of objects, and the elements of, and membership in, such collections. In most modern mathematical formalisms, set theory provides the language in which mathematical objects are described. It is (along with logic and the predicate calculus) one of the axiomatic foundations for mathematics, allowing mathematical objects to be constructed formally from the undefined terms of "set" and "set membership". It is in its own right a branch of mathematics and an active field of mathematical research. Wikipedia 
:The members of a set can be, say, [Mike, Mary, Jack, Richard, Ron, Umeki, . . . . . .], the employees of a company, or the passengers of the train leaving the station; they need NOT be abstract. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 535|page 525:set theory]].

'''Bruges Canal''' 
Belgium: Bruges canal. For a picture of the canal see [http://cruises.about.com/library/pictures/baltic/blbruges19.htm Bruges Canal].

==Page 568==

'''vaporetto''' 
A Venetian water-bus.

'''Grand Canal''' 
The main canal that runs through the heart of Venice and down past San Marco, the city's main square.

'''San Marco end''' 
See above. This is where Florian's (appears in the novel) is situated.

'''Piazzetta''' 
??? A small piazza. The large square in front of St Mark's is the Piazza San Marco. The smaller side square running beside the Palazzo Ducale down to the canal is the Piazzetta San Marco.

'''San Giorgio Maggiore''' 
A rather over-ornate church on the Grand Canal opposite San Marco.

'''spreading... cloak''' 
Cliche/allusion?

'''live here forever''' 
Pynchon special-pleading that Dally isn't just another tourist.
Or is this just a typical reaction of the tourist? And a Pynchonesque longing for home?

Quite the contrary, Dally is thinking she feels "at home" as opposed to Kit on 567 who doesn't know what home is anymore. Note too that the Zombini family have deep "roots" in Italy, and "roots" or small people are exactly part of Dally's quest and what Merle warns that wildcrafting 'seng has to be approached with whispers and carefully (p. 70)

'''Teatro Verdi in Trieste''' 
A 1200+ seat theatre built in late-eighteenth century in Trieste for classical music, opera and ballet ([http://selectitaly.com/events.php?product_id=27&city_id=122 Teatro Verdi]). With its stately columns, elaborate adornments and lush elegance it is rather an unlikely venue for magic show. Another unlikely venue for magic show is Teatro Malibran in Venice (next page).

==Page 569==

'''Malibran... Polo's house''' 
The Teatro Malibran, built at the site of Marco Polo's house, which was destroyed in 1596.
:It is still there ! Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page 355|page 355:Teatro Malibran]] and the external link (for photos, etc) listed there.

'''"pincette" pass''' 
Probably from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pincer_movement pincer movement] of military strategy.
:Professor Hoffman's ''Modern Magic'' (1876) describes three "passes with coins," La Pincette, Le Tourniquet and La Coulée. Amazon has the book for sale if anyone wants to look up the details.

'''profondes''' 
"Large pockets in tail coats which can be used for vanishes or productions", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conjuring_terms Wikipedia]

'''Vincenzo Miserere''' 
??? Misero means poor, pitiful, miserable, etc. Psalm 51 (sometimes numbered as 50) is known as the Miserere because it begins (in Latin) Miserere mei Deus (Have mercy on me, God).

'''train to Trieste''' 
???Venice and Trieste are on the opposite sides (about 70 miles apart) of the same gulf : Gulf of Venice. Taking a train from Venice to Trieste would mean taking a route several times lengthier than a ferry.

'''Svegli''' 
The fictional professor's name comes from the Italian ''sveglio'' for "clever, dextrous, skillful."

'''shark leather''' 
Different from sharkskin?

'''''Specchiere''''' 
Mirror-maker

'''glassmakers on Murano''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murano Wikipedia]

'''today''' 
When is that?

'''''guaglion''''' 
Naples dialect: ''guaglione'' is boy. (It first appeared on page 531).

==Page 570==

'''another one of his stories''' 
(Jackson Pynchon should highlight all the AtD passages that originated as bedtime stories.)

'''TERAPIA''' 
Italian, "therapy"

'''San Servolo''' 
An island in the Venetian archipelago, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo Wikipedia], [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=45.418654+N,+12.35698+E&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=45.418651,12.35698&spn=0.006891,0.010793&t=k&om=1&iwloc=addr Google Maps]

'''Palazzo Ducale''' 
The Ducal Palace in Venice, residence of the Doge. It's by San Marco.

'''''manicomio''''' 
Italian, "madhouse"

'''''paramorfico''''' 
paramorphic - see the entry for [[P|Paramorphoscope]]

'''uterine vellum''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellum Vellum] produced from the skin of an unborn calf

'''pitch, rouge''' 
Products used in the grinding of lenses and mirrors.

==Page 571==

'''La Doppiatrice''' 
Italian: the Doubler.

Perhaps an analogue of the diffraction grating that splits the electron into two "alternate" electrons in Schrodinger's thought experiment on quantum effects, source here of a sort of human quantum splitting, an alternate universe creator.

'''Ettore Sananzolo''' 
???

'''Maskelyne cabinet''' 
After Neville Maskelyne, from ''Mason and Dixon.'' Maskelyne was sent at the same time as M and D to record the Transit of Venus on St. Helena. He became Astronomer Royal while they were in America.

While Maskelyne is indeed a real person, the name is very suggestive of mescaline. The two do not seem to be "related."

More likely a descendant, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nevil_Maskelyne John Nevil Maskelyne.] --[[User:Jeffersonista|Jordan]] 13:46, 25 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 572==

'''smoke back into a cigar''' 
Time's arrow/ entropy motif.

'''hard-as-a-rock black cigar''' 
The quality of a cigar is usually higher with dark, more tightly-wrapped tobacco. Vincenzo has a fine one, it seems.

'''thumping''' 
sound/feeling of a water-bus?

'''''salso''''' 
Longest river in Sicily.Its small deltaic system there is dominated by marine processes rather than fluvial ones. It is a seasonal torrent, with brief but violent floods during the winter rains (from November to February), Is this what riding the salso in and back out again means? Riding the floods from the winter rains?

Hardly. 'Salso' (ital.) means 'salty', so this is probably a poetical word for 'the sea'.

'''''sandoli''''' 
??? The sandolo is a type of boat used in Venice, similar to a gondola but (I believe) larger.

:Actually, [http://gondolablog.blogspot.com/2009/04/sandolo-in-venezia.html smaller].

'''trains pulling in''' 
Famous early film.

==Page 573==

'''San Polo''' 
It is one of the six districts (sestieri) of Venice. (The other five are: Cannaregio, Dorsoduro, Santa Croce, San Marco, and Castello.) It (with Santa Croce and Dorsoduro) is located at the south side of the Grand Canal just across the Rialto bridge from San Marco. The San Polo district is the second most important area of Venice in terms of historical immportance and attractions for the tourists. It is the home to the Rialto market, the old artisan quarters of Venice, and the stunning Frari church.

'''Cannareggio''' 
It is commonly spelled Cannaregio. It is located north of the Grand Canal, and is one of the few parts of the city where Venetians still live in great numbers. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannaregio Canaregio].

==Page 574==

'''thirty years older''' 
About 65yo?

'''that day''' 
In NYC when Dally showed up.

'''Stronzo''' 
Italian curse word, roughly "asshole"

'''''In bocc' al lupo!''''' 
From the Roman dialect, in which the Italians – including Rocco and Pino – seem to speak. Meaning, literally, "In the
mouth of the wolf," and idiomatically, "Good luck."

Specifically, as supported by the show business context, the good-luck wish among actors: "Break a leg!"

'''''campielli''''' 
??? Small squares. A campo is literally a field and by extension a large square in a town. A campiello is a small square. I believe Venice has only one Piazza (San Marco) and the other squares are campi and campielli.

'''impersonation of itself''' 
echoes "the mountains had become geometrical impersonations of themselves", p. 394

==Page 575==

'''Riva''' 
Probably Riva del Vin by the Grand Canal; a great tourist attraction from where one can view the historical Rialto Bridge. (The word ''riva'' itself means ''river bank''). [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-025 Riva del Vin] and[http://www.altravistavenezia.it/_VirtualTours/VA/Rialto_Riva_del_Vin/rialto_riva_del_vin.html Rialto-Riva del Vin]

'''middy blouses''' 
In the style of a midshipman's blouse (shirt).

'''not yet been rebuilt''' 
Remember [[ATD 243-272#Page 256|page 256]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
prostitutes

'''Hunter Penhallow''' 
Cf. [[ATD 119-148#Page 129|page 129]] for reference to the "Venice" phase of Hunter Penhallow's painting career

'''''fondamenta''''' 
A waterside street in Venice

'''''ombreta''''' 
''ombreta de vin'' means "a glass of wine" in Venetian dialect.

'''light's good here''' 
Old joke about drunk looking for car keys under streetlight though he dropped them somewhere else.

'''inside that labyrinth . . . microcosm of all Venice''' 
A hologram has this property, that a little chip broken off it contains the entire image. This is, however, a specific reference to Fractal non-Euclidian Geometry ... self-similarity over scale. A fractal is an object or quantity that displays self-similarity, in a somewhat technical sense, on all scales. The object need not exhibit exactly the same structure at all scales, but the same "type" of structures must appear on all scales. A plot of the quantity on a log-log graph versus scale then gives a straight line, whose slope is said to be the fractal dimension. The prototypical example for a fractal is the length of a coastline measured with different length rulers. The shorter the ruler, the longer the length measured, a paradox known as the coastline paradox, mentioned by Pynchon on [[ATD_821-848#Page_821|page 821: coastline approaching infinite length]].
:Good argument for the fractal reference, better than the original one for the hologram metaphor. Hunter is not making smaller and smaller paintings ("chips") but rather exploiting an observation about scale.

==Page 576==

'''''rio''''' 
narrow waterway in Venice (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 245|page 245:''rio'']].)

'''twelve soldi''' 
A soldo is a small coin.

'''franc... ten francs''' 
One "franc": a french coin. Not much, even for standard of the times.

'''Santos-Dumont style''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 529|page 529:Monsieur Santos-Dumont]]

'''Canaletto''' 
Real name: [http://www.wga.hu/bio/c/canalett/biograph.html Zuane Antonio Canal] (1697-1768), a well-known scenery painter at the time. He went to England in 1746 and returned to Venice in 1755. 
Venetian landscape painter, 1697-1768, famous for his paintings of Venice ([http://www.artericerca.com/ven_set/Canaletto/canaletto.htm Italian website]).

As described, Penhallow's pictures are reminiscent, in spirit and in some ways content, of John Singer Sargent's Venetian paintings. Sargent also later painted one of the most haunting images of World War I, [http://jssgallery.org/Paintings/Gassed/Gassed.htm "Gassed"], showing a column of men blinded by mustard gas feeling their way to an aid station.

'''Beppo''' 
Allusion to Byron's poem "Beppo - A Venetian Story". Beppo is a husband who's been away for many years and then, returning, reclaims his wife from another man.

Beppo = Mouse, diminutive of Giuseppi. There is also Beppo Levi (born on May 14, 1875 in Turin, Italy, died on August 28, 1961 in Rosario, Argentina) Italian mathematician, director of the Mathematics Institute of the National University of the Littoral from 1939 to 1961. His work included the mathematics of alternative spaces[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beppo_Levi].

'''pitch''' 
From Merriam-Webster Dictionary: ''chiefly British: an outdoor site (as for camping or doing business).

'''Bauer-Grünwald''' 
An expensive hotel near San Marco in Venice.

'''demobilized from a war that nobody knew about . . . seeking refuge from time''' 
Hunter Penhallow, one of the Trespassers?

==Page 577==

'''a time-traveler from the future''' 
Hunter Penhallow IS a Trespasser.

''''Safe'''' 
Recent art-movie title? I think safe here means safe without allusion.

'''neutral hour?''' 
Is any moment in Time apolitical?

'''Castello''' 
Castello is the largest of the six sestieri of Venice. The district grew up from the thirteenth century around a naval dockyard on what was originally the Isole Gemini.

Not sure on the derivation of Isole Gemini; but Gemini, like Pisces (cf. Fomalhaut, the brightest star in the Pisces constellation) and Sagittarius, are the dual signs of western astrology in keeping with "bi-locations," Deuce Kindred, Renfrew/Werfner, mirrors, etc.

Jyotisha (Indian astrology) includes Virgo as a dual sign or dvisvabha rashis -- thus forming a Quaternity (4 signs or rashis)of Duality. It's interesting that Pynchon does not say Gemini and Pisces directly, but alludes to them behind Castello and Fomalhaut. Be on the lookout for twins, fish, virgins and centaurs!

'''Evening Gun''' 
"At reveille the morning gun goes off; and at retreat, the evening". From
a history description. Here is a site with picture.http://www.ziplink.net/~edkreutz/1f.html

'''Dr. Grace''' 
Renowned, full-bearded 19th-century English cricket player.

'''Charing Cross''' 
Charing Cross Railway Station, London. The original station was opened on 11 January 1864 by the South East Railway. Now, over 37 million people pass through Charing Cross every year. Situated on the forecourt of the stations is the Eleanor Cross, from which point road distances from London are measured. For more see [http://www.networkrail.co.uk/aspx/795.aspx#history Charing Cross].

==Page 578==

'''Dorsoduro''' 
An area of Venice. The Dorsoduro district is a relatively central area of the city, located on the opposie side of the Grand Canal from the San Marco district. But, at the smae time it offers the visitor a chance to explore a delightful part of the city free from the crowds of San Marco.
The Accademia Gallery, Peggy Gugggenheim Museum, and the Santa della Maria Salute Church (one of the most famous landmarks of Venice) are all located here. [http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_dorsoduro.htm Dorsoduro].

'''''pensione''''' 
A cheap Italian hotel, like a bed and breakfast.

'''La Calcina''' 
A historical hotel. La Calcina means ''The Lime House'', because the hotel was built on a 17th-century lime production site. It is located on the Zattere promenade, at the foot of the Calcina Bridge. Various Bohemian artists frequented the Café of the hotel, and John Ruskin indeed stayed at the hotel from February 13 to May 23, 1877. For the historical background of the hotel see [http://www.lacalcina.com/HTML/en/calcina_storia_en.html La Calcina].

'''eminent ghosts, Turner and Whistler, Ruskin, Browning....'''

Evokes Lytton Strachey's ''Eminent Victorians'' and this Quaternity of artists were eminent indeed (though not the subject of Strachey's book). All had a conection to Venice, and the note on Ruskin at the La Calcina above could be true of the other three as well.

Robert Browning became a ghost in Venice in 1887. Of particular historic significance, Browning was the first person to ever have his voice heard after his death. Thomas Edison recorded Browning reading his poem "How They Brought Good News from Ghent to Aix" including the poet's apologies for forgetting the words. The recording was first played in Venice in 1890.

'''''"traces of conciousness". Psychical Research beginning to open these matters..streaming by''''' 

Possible allusion to Joyce's "stream of conciousness". Ulysses is also set in 1904, the year Joyce met his wife.

But that is not the stream of consciousness refered to here, and it is the wrong "James." William James actually coined the term "stream of consciousness." Joyce was not the first to use it as a literary technique either -- he just perfected it in a way not seen before -- except perhaps in Proust.

Considering the context in AtD concerns ghosts and the very next sentence begins with a mention of Psychical Research, "traces of consciousness" is not so much stream of consciousness as a trailing vapor or whisp of consciousness that streams by as a "kind of ghost." Think in terms of thought transference, ESP, mediums, hypnosis, hallucinations, ghosts. More than a few characters in this novel are involved in these things.

In order to study these phenomena, three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge founded The Society for Psychical Research in 1882. William James helped to found the American branch and was president of the group for a while.

There are recurring parallels in AtD to a famous James quote from ''Varieties of Religious Experience'':

Our normal waking consciousness . . . is but one special type of consciousness, whilst all about it, parted from it by the flimsiest of screens, there lie potential forms of consciousness entirely different. We may go through life without suspecting their existence; but apply the requisite stimulus and at a touch they are all there in all their completeness . . . No account of the universe in its totality can be final which leaves these other forms of consciousness quite disregarded.

'''Zattere''' 
An area of wide waterfront pavements in Venice.

'''''...in hotels, the way your dreams are often, alarmingly, not your own?''''' 
One more possible allusion to Proust, including also the following paragraph. At the beginning of the ''Recherche'', the main character, Marcel, spends a sleepless night in a hotel room, surrounded by memories he can't make sense of. 
And it's Pirate Prentice's 'job' in GR and presumably the whole first section of GR is one of Pirate's 'dreams not his own'. 
In ''Lot 49'' Oedipa Maas considers all the dreams and memories stored in the mattresses of transients' hotels, and of the information destroyed when they burned.

'''''cimici''''' 
Latin: bedbug.

'''to pick up traces of the dreams of whoever slept there just before them''' 
Cf. the Tom Waits song "9th & Hennepin": "And all the rooms they smell like diesel / And you take on the dreams of the ones who have slept there". [http://www.tomwaitslibrary.com/lyrics/raindogs/9thandhennepin.html Lyrics]

'''bora''' 
a regional wind, blowing each winter.

==Page 579==

'''vino forte''' 
strong wine.

'''Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Brletta''' 
They are the cities in Puglia (Apula) region of southeast Italy, ie. at the "heel of the Italian Boot".

'''Tintoretto's ''Abduction . . .''''' 
See [http://www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3374 here]

Tintoretto (1518-94), Venetian painter. Originally named Jacopo Robusti, because of his father's profession of ''tintore'' (dye) he was nicknamed as [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tintoret/biograph.html Tintoretto]. The most successful painter of Venetian school in the generation after Titian. His drawings, unlike Michelangelo's detailed life studies, are brilliant, rapid notations, bristling with energy, and his color is more somber and mystical than Titian's. For a better, can be enlarged, view of his [http://www.wga.hu/index1.html ''Abduction of the Body of St. Mark (1562-66)'']. (The title of the work in this Web Gallery of Art is: "The Stealing of the Dead Body of St Mark.")

'''Accademia''' 
The major art-gallery in Dorsoduro, Venice

'''Titian''' 
16th century Venetian painter. 
Vecellio Tiziano (1490-1576), better known as Titian, the greatest painter of the Venetain School and the leading light of the Italian Renaissance. Titian was recognized as a towering genius in his own time and his reputation as one of the giants of art has never been seriously questioned. He was supreme in every branch of painting and his achievements were so varied — ranging "from the joyous evocation of pagan antiquity . . . to the depths of tragedy in his late religious paintings" — that he has been an inspiration to artists of very different character. In many subjects, above all in portraiture, he set patterns that were followed by generations of artists. For more and Titian's paintings [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tiziano/biograph.html Titian].

'''Infancy Gospel of Thomas''' 
One of the apocryphal scriptures. The Infancy Gospel of Thomas relates the miraculous deeds of Jesus before he turned twelve. [http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/infancythomas.html 1] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Thomas Wikipedia on the Gospel of Thomas]

→Actually, The Infancy Gospel of Thomas is not the same as the Gospel of Thomas. The former is a brief summary of Jesus' misadventures as a child (as AtD notes, Jesus really is described as a hell-raiser and although at one point he brings a child named Zenon back from death, the Infancy Gospel mostly just makes a shallow exhibition of Jesus' miraculous powers). The latter is a Gnostic text and a "collection of sayings, prophecies, proverbs, and parables of Jesus" (Willis Barnstone, "The Other Bible" p. 299).

Also, I read through the whole Infancy Gospel of Thomas and could not find the particular parable that Pynchon describes. However, Pynchon's parable is in keeping with the style of this Gospel. Jesus gets in trouble--making adults irate--and then sets everything straight. This particular parable also does not appear in The Infancy Gospel of James, The Infacy Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, or The Arabic Infancy Gospel.

The reference to this Gospel is a double+ play on the twins/double/mirror motif. First, as can be seen in this posting, there is confusion between the Gospel of Thomas and the Infancy Gospel of Thomas. The two gospels appear to be the same, but they are different. Second, the name ''Thomas'' means ''twin''. Also(+), Thomas is the doubting Thomas.
To doubt is to be "of two minds." The historic and theological significance of Thomas is loaded with themes relevant to this novel.

I'd like to add that Pynchon already made up a quote of the Gospel of Thomas in ''Gravity's Rainbow'', p. 537, as an epigraph of Part III, Episode 24: "Dear Mom, I put a couple of people in Hell today . . . ". The author cited his source as "Oxyrhynchus papyrus number classified," which is both correct (the Infancy being a part of the apocryphal Gospel of Thomas which was found on papyri discovered in a Nile river village called Oxyrhynchus) and wrong: the so-called Thomas didn't write that Jesus ever said that to his mother! At least in the papyri that were published… See Weisenburger 2006, (''A Companion to'' GR), p. 282.

==Page 580==

'''Pentecost story in Acts''' 
Pentecost is a Christian holiday commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus' followers and the beginning of the Christian church. Pentecost is celebrated by many (but not all) Christians on the Sunday 50 days after Easter. It often falls in early June. [[Acts II|Read the Biblical passages in Acts II...]]

'''Galilean dialect''' 
Of Aramaic.

'''Yes, well, it's redemption, isn't it, you expect chaos, you get order instead''' 
In the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and the Pentecost, first Jesus, then the Holy Ghost, act as Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon]. In the Infancy Gospel story, Jesus sorts the randomly mixed dye molecules so that each garment comes out one color; in the Pentecost story the Holy Ghost causes a single language, just random noise to all but Galileans, to be heard as the many different languages of the listeners. Taking the two stories together, thermodynamic entropy is reversed, but the entropy of information is increased. This is the crux of ''Lot 49''; here it is another "secular miracle"; order emerges from chaos. The mathematicians, artists and similar seekers may bring forth a similar miracle, the ability to experience other dimensions, to understand the universe (See Kit's dream, P.566).

'''''rii''''' 
Plural of ''rio''.

==Page 581==

'''''sotopòrteghi''''' 
An open doorway for public access. (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 246|page 246:sotopòrteghi]].)

'''Bodeo 10.4 mm''' 
A mass-produced Italian-made service revolver, initially made around 1889. Demand for them as guns was low, causing thousands of the weapons to be converted to table lamps. An interesting Pynchonian connection between light, manufacture, weapons, and war.

==Page 582==

'''''foschetta''''' 
''Foschia'' in Italian means "fog". ''Foschetta'' is a term for "light fog".

'''''masègni''''' 
Blocks of Euganean trachyte used for paving, often marked off by bands of Istrian stone

'''''patrone''''' 
Probably meaning ''padrone'', "master". -- blicero2
:or female saint? not referring to Tonio but just as an expression.

'''wine trains up from Puglia''' 
Puglia region is in southeast of Italy (at the "heel of the Italian Boot"). From page 578-579: "In September, when the vino forte arrived from Brindis, Squinzano, and Barletta . . ." These three cities are in Puglia. Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:vino forte]] and [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Barletta]].

'''Winter''' 
1904-1905?

'''''osterie''''' 
taverns (''osteria'' is a tavern)

'''Principessa Spongiatosta''' 
Is Pugnax's book from p6 at all relevant here?
:Yes! [[Princess_Casamassima,_The|''The Princess Casamassima'']] has several resonances with ''AtD.''

'''Ca'''' 
Abbreviated form of "Casa," Italian for "house."

Which appears to be multidimensional, or at any rate non-Euclidean, reminiscent of Zombini's cabinet.

'''Roman Composite order''' 
A classical order (style of building design) dating from late Roman times, formed by superimposing Ionic volute (volute = a spiral scroll ornament) on a Corinthian capital (capital = the head or crowning feature of a column). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_order Composite order]).

'''japonica''' 
Japanese honeysuckle.

==Page 583==

'''Iron Bridge''' 
The Ponte dell’Accademia - connecting the Venetian quarters (sestieri) San Marco and Dorsoduro - was constructed during the Austrian occupation in 1854. This steel construction got replaced ca. 1933 by a wooden bridge (which was replaced by yet another wooden bridge in 1985) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_dell'Accademia Wikipedia]

'''Le Havre''' 
French port city on the Atlantic (English Channel).

'''''ma via''''' 
Meaning "come on!", in Italian. -- blicero2

'''third eyes touching''' 
The third eye, as existing on some reptiles is a dorsal organ that is receptive to light, otherwise known as the ''pineal eye''. Since the two half-sisters are obviously not reptiles, this reference might allude to the figurative third eye, or the eye of the mind, heart or soul. When the two touch foreheads, they are able to peer into each other consciences, by way of these third eyes. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/third+eye /Dictionary Entry]

==Page 584==

'''"Swiss insurance salesman. Wolf. No, Putzi."''' 
Bria's had so many beaux she gets them confused? One was a wolf; the other a putz?
:''Wolf'' is an uncommon given name but also a diminutive of Wolfgang. ''Putzi'' does not come from a given name; it's like "sweetiepie," a nickname for a cute boy.

Wolf + Putzi sounds a bit like Wuffli. Peter Wuffli was the CEO of UBS (Union Bank of Switzerland) [http://www.ubs.com] from December 2001 to June 2007. He unexpectedly resigned in Jun07, some months before the subprime crisis, in which UBS had to take large financial losses, exploded. [http://www.ubs.com/1/e/investors/releases.html?newsId=127571]

Possibly related, or possibly not-- Putzi's is the club in Cuxhaven where the beleaguered Tyrone Slothrop tries to pick up his forged papers in Gravity's Rainbow. (Home of the Eisenkröte!)

'''''topo''''' [[Image:Topo.jpg|thumb|Topo Boats|right]]
A topo is a guide for a crag or climbing area; a shortened form of "topographic map" of any type of surface topology. But what is Pynchon referring to? Topo is "rat" in Italian and "awkward person" in Spanish. The Greek topos means "place" or "commonplace" None seems to refer to a "day out on the water" or a "day off work" as it seems to imply here. Interesting Pynchonesque tidbit found while researching the root source of the word topology: A term used to refer to the continuity of space and spatial properties, such as connectivity, that are unchanged after distortion. (Thanks to the The University of Melbourne's GIS glossary) Topology includes the study of the surface of an object, such a as a the paint of a canvas painting and the transformations such surfaces can undergo mathematically, including through imaginary domains.

:Pynchon writes "Some artist friends had a ''topo'' for the day." He is referring to the boat they rented. It means "mouse" in Italian and is apparently the name of a small traditional Venetian fishing boat now used for [http://www.veniceword.com/special.html touring]. As for mathematical topology, Pynchon's topological metaphors reach a crescendo in the next chapter.

'''Dogana''' 
Custom House, built on a wedge of land called ''Punta della Dogana'' (Custom Point). This wedge of land is at the entrance of the Grand Canal, as described in the text: "where the Grand Canal and the Lagoon meet". The original 14th-century customs tower was replaced by a colonnaded building named the ''Dogana de Mare'' (Sea Customs Post). See picture [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/media_1041505867_761562189_-1_1/Punta_della_Dogana_Venice.html Punta della Dogana]

'''Andrea Tancredi''' 
An artist and acquaintence made by Hunter Penhallow in Venice. His name is likely derived from the Gioacchino Rossini opera ''Tancredi'' or the Voltaire play by the same name. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancredi Wikipedia Entry] 
Tancredi, restored, is a tragedy. the soldier Tancredi and his family have been stripped of their estates and inheritances, and he himself has been banished since his youth. Two more noble families — headed by Argirio and Orbazzano — have been warring for years. Wikipedia.
Tancredi presides in exile...he is mortally wounded at the end after learning the person he thought betrayed the heroine did not.

:Actually, per [[T#tancredi|my entry in the Alpha index]], more likely the name connects with Tancredi, the time-traveling character in ''City of Death'', a four-part serial in the British science fiction television series ''Dr. Who'' which involves time travel and bilocation. Tancredi is the sole survivor of the Jagaroth race, an evil people who destroyed themselves in a war some 400 million years ago. Tancredi explains that a few escaped in a dilapidated spacecraft and found Earth in a primeval, lifeless stage of its development. The ship disintegrated upon takeoff and [[Scaroth]] tells of how he was fractured in time, splinters of his being were scattered across time and space, all identical, none complete. Whereas, in ''City of Death'', Tancredi, one of the Scaroff "splinters" living in Renaissance Italy, is plotting to create multiple Mona Lisa's for fraudulent purposes, ''Against the Day'''s Tancredi is fighting art fraud. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Death Read the synopsis of ''City of Death'']; The name "Andrea" ''could'' be a reference to the protagonist Andrea Marsh, a time-traveler in the 1889 novel, ''Timeless Love'' by Judy Hinson ([[Timeless Love|synopsis]]).

'''Seurat and Signac''' 
George Seurat (1859-1891) and Paul Signac (1863-1935), French painters who developed pointillism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointillism Wikipedia entry].

'''Divisionism''' 
Term invented by Paul Signac to describe the Neo-Impressionist separation of colour into dots or patches applied directly to the canvas. From Grove Dictionary of Art.

'''Marinetti''' 
The Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti was the first among [the Futurists] to produce a manifesto of their artistic philosophy in his Manifesto of Futurism (1909)(see below).

'''"Futurists"''' 
Practitioners or followers of Futurism, an early 20th century art movement that is considered the genesis of Cubism, Dada and Art Deco. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism_%28art%29 Wikipedia entry].Marinetti summed up the major principles of the Futurists, including a passionate loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions. He and others also espoused a love of speed, technology and violence. The car, the plane, the industrial town were all legendary for the Futurists, because they represented the technological triumph of man over nature.

'''brutalism''' 
See above and The Futurists were often condemned as fascistic in their manifestos and outlook.

'''Torcello''' 
A lonely Venetian island: very peaceful and beautiful with a church and little else.

'''primitivo''' 
A kind of red wine (same as the original Zinfandel, actually).

==Page 585==

'''green-and-lavender''' 
Another clashing color scheme.

'''sirocco''' 
A hot dust-laden wind from the Libyan deserts that blows on the northern Mediterranean coast chiefly in Italy, Malta, and Sicily. 
The correct spelling in Italian is ''Scirocco''.

'''San Michele''' 
San Michele, nicknamed The Island of the Dead, is the cemetery island of Venice. It is associated with the sestiere of Cannaregio from which it lies a short distance north east.
Walls of San Michele.Along with neighbouring San Cristoforo della Pace, the island was a popular place for local travellers and fishermen to land. Mauro Codussi's Chiesa di San Michele in Isola of 1469, the first Renaissance church in Venice, and a monastery lie on the island.

'''futuristic vehicle''' 
See p. 155 [[ATD_149-170#Pages_154-155|and annotations.]] Of course, the machine-inspired Futurists would remind Hunter of this vehicle that 'had borne him to safety'!

Why? Hunter isn't the Futurist here and doesn't seem to share the same naive faith in Progress that Tancredi does.

'''the chill, comfortless faith in science and rationality...''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber Max Weber's] concept of rationality, and the [[Routinization of Charisma|routinization/rationalization of charisma]], is a prominent theme in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=R#routinization ''Gravity's Rainbow''] a spontaneous and charismatic source of authority is eventually "rationalized" and brought under the control of processes and rules. In Pynchon's view, it is a movement toward Death and thematically related to entropy a prominent theme in [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=E#entropy ''V.''] and, in [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#fengshui ''Mason & Dixon''], bad ''Feng Shui'' and the reduction of the fuzzy boundaries between Pennsylvania and Maryland into a straight line.

'''''Preliminary Studies...''''' 
Artists often do 'preliminary studies'..'infernal machine' comes out of Futurism's ideas.

==Page 586==
'''“One must begin by accepting Hell -- by understanding that Hell is real..."''' 
See multiple citations for ([http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=H Hell]) A book that takes us through Dante's gate twice (158, 401), has Ryder Thorn warn us explicitly that "this world.. will die and descend into Hell" (553), and ends with the words AtD ends with, may be good practice for taking Tancredi's advice.

'''Always with us.''' 
Gospel of Matthew. "The poor you will always have with you". Here reference is to born-again Christers.

'''''vero?''''' 
Literally meaning ''true'' in Italian, here it is used as you would use: "Are you talking of an infernal machine, ''aren't you'' ?"

'''Hell in a small bounded space ... But the finite space would expand rapidly''' 
Tancredi is probably envisioning the onset of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_war_i World War I], which hangs over the entire novel. The war began with the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, an event in land-locked Bosnia that led to a chain-reaction triggering of formal alliances and national interests, i.e. an infernal machine. The cultural changes brought on by the war, continuing through the Twentieth Century, include the suppression of Christianity in Eastern Europe and its decline as an ideology in the West. Of course, this is also an allusion to an actual chain-reaction, an atomic bomb, which begins with a small implosion.

'''We desire transformation''' 
Aligns the explosion-loving Tancredi with the Rilke-quoting Blicero from Gravity's Rainbow. '"Want the Change," Rilke said, "O be inspired by the Flame!"' (GR p.97)

It also might be helpful to recall that Shiva, who has been referred to implicitly numerous times already in ATD, is the transformative/destructive deity of the Hindi Trimurti.

This section also sets up Tancredi as an opposite of Hunter, who on p.577 wants to find a "neutral hour", that "goes neither forwards or back", and on the same page "felt no desire to join in, quite the opposite." Hunter himself is much like Katje from GR. Page 97 again: "But not Katje: No mothlike plunge. He must conclude that secretly she fears the change..."

'''orpiment yellow''' 
A yellow color pigment ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpiment Wikipedia])

'''Nürnberg violet''' 
An artificial color pigment discovered in 1868 in the city of Nuremberg

==Page 587==

'''"The energies of motion, the grammatical tyrannies of becoming, in divisionismo we discover how to break them apart into their component frequencies . . . we define a smallest element, a dot of color which becomes the basic unit of reality . . . .''' 
This seems to describe both the kind of painting done by Tancredi and atomic research. Breaking material into its atomic unit, the basic unit of reality, is literally part of the "energies of motion."
This also describes how a television set works. The screen is composed of millions of tiny dots that, taken together, create moving pictures.

'''Brownian movement''' 
Also called Brownian motion. It is the irregular motion of small particles suspended in a liquid or a gas, caused by the bombardment of the particles by molecules of the medium
first divscovered by botanist Robert Brown (1773-1858) in 1827. Einstein in one of his four ''Annus Mirabilis Papers'' of 1905 explained the random motion using molecular kinetic theory of heat. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:young Einstein]].

'''I really love the old dump''' 
For the same reason Dally does: Venice has what Pynchon called (in ''V.'') "Temporal Bandwidth": a life in a depth of time, a simultaneous humane immersion in past, present and future. The canals of industrialized Belgium are silted up, the connections to its Hanse past lost, paved and tracked over. This has not, and cannot, happen to Venice; even a Futurist painter cannot carry out the appaling modernization he describes. Venice is a place to hide from the future; indeed, in terms of physical destruction, the world wars barely touched La Serenisima.

'''''nebbia, nebbietta, foschia, caligo, sfumato''''' 
Varieties of fog.

'''speed of sound''' 
Air temperature is more important than density.

'''''La Velocità del Suono''''' 
Italian, "speed of sound"

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 557-587

2010-08-29T22:52:43Z

Bangorang: /* Page 567 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 557==

'''Viktor Mulciber''' 
Well, no benign associations with "Mulciber"! Mulciber is an alternative name of the Roman god Vulcan, the god of fire and volcanoes, and the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, and armor for gods and heroes. Mulciber is also the name of a character in John Milton's ''Paradise Lost'', the architect of the demon city of Pandemonium. When Pynchon was alluded to on The John Larroquette Show [80s or 90s], the book he was said to be working on was called ''Pandemonium of the Sun''. 
In the Harry Potter books, Mulciber is a Death Eater, a minor Dark Wizard.

'''bespoke''' 
made to order, hence hand-made and expensive. Somewhere in the novel is a reference to 1 Savile Row, the address of Gieves and Hawkes, a very traditional English tailor.

'''Basil Zaharoff''' 
Sir Basil Zaharoff, originally Zacharias Basileios, (1849, Muğla, Turkey - 1936, Monte Carlo, Monaco) was a Greek arms trader and financier, the director and chairman of the Vickers munitions firm during World War I [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaharoff_Basil]. He also turns up as an international arms dealer in Reilly, Ace of Spies.

In addition to the arms-dealing and being semi-fictionalized, Zaharoff is also notable for bribing the Japanese Admiral, helping to incorporate the company that eventually became British Petroleum, and through his association with Louis II of Monaco, the purchase of the Société des Bains de Mer, which ran the famous Monte Carlo casino.

'''trains of history... run''' 
Karl Marx, in ''Das Kapital'', referred to wars as the "express trains of history" because they can spark societal or national crises, marking a historical turning point, and they can release economic, social, and moral forces of unforeseen power and dimensions, making any return to the status quo impossible.
Also notice TRP's steady referencing of 'railroads' in a negative way.

'''Q-weapon''' 
Possible allusion to Professor Kokintz's "Q-bomb" in ''The Mouse That Roared'' (1959) or to James Bond's master armorer Q. It could also be an allusion to the character "Q" in Star Trek where the name "Q" is also shared by other members of the Q Continuum. Q is a mischievous omnipotent being who has taken an interest in humans. He also has a flair for the dramatic, with a mercurial personality that switches between a joking, camp style and a more ominous and even dangerous manner. While he is boastful, condescending and threatening, he arguably has humanity's best interests at heart. In the episode "The Q and the Gray" (''Star Trek: Voyager'' - 3rd season), Q weapons are provided to the crew of the Voyager to free Q and Janeway, who have been captured by rebels. [http://www.answers.com/topic/the-q-and-the-grey Synopsis]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(Star_Trek) Wikipedia]. Looney Tunes character Marvin the Martian possesses an earth-destroying weapon known as the Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator.

In this context, the Q stands for "Quaternion." See under [[Q]] in the alphabetical index.

See also [[Q-weapon and Photography]]...

'''Balkan ''komitadji''''' 
Originally, members of the rebel gangs ("committees"), controlled from Sofia, who made forays into Macedonia, the chief object of Bulgarian expansionism before WWI. The word was also commonly used for Serbian irregular fighters.

:See this slightly different [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komitadji Komitadji].

'''waybill''' 
Ancestor of what Fedex and UPS call "shipping document"; it identifies the article shipped and contains necessary addresses and instructions.

'''metamorphosed into an American Negro''' 
Cf honorary Negro (Frank above).

More like an actual negro. Dr V. Ganesh Rao, as was explained earlier, literally transforms after each quaternionic yoga pose.

'''Nipponese''' 
Japanese

'''peach''' 
Plum, actually.

'''Hertzian''' 
Electromagnetic waves, first demonstrated by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz Heinrich Hertz] (Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318:Hertz]]).

'''they cannot strictly . . . longitudinal as well as transverse''' 
Hertz's theory and Maxwell's equations describe ''transverse'' waves in which the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of travel; no longitudinal waves--with vibrations parallel to the direction of travel--are permitted. In air, sound waves are longitudinal; what's suggested here is a new wave that does not fit the Hertz-Maxwell paradigm.

==Page 558==

'''scalar part''' 
Quaternion equivalent of the real part. 
A scalar quantity in geometry has magnitude but not direction. The length of a line segment is a scalar. 
Time is a scalar term.

'''baritone in a barbershop quartet''' 
[http://www.barbershop.org/web/groups/public/documents/pages/pub_id_000827.hcsp Quote]:Technically speaking, barbershop harmony is a style of unaccompanied singing with three voices harmonizing to the melody. The lead usually sings the melody, with the tenor harmonizing above the lead. The bass sings the lowest harmonizing notes and the baritone provides in-between notes, either above or below the lead to make chords (specifically, dominant-type or "barbershop" sevenths) that give barbershop its distinctive, "full" sound.

'''viola in a string quartet''' 
Two violins, a viola, and a violoncello make up a string quartet. The viola is between the others in pitch and is generally considered to have been given the least interesting parts in Classical and Romantic music for string quartet. 
Classical musicians have a whole culture of viola-player jokes. Like drummers in rock bands.

'''Further Term''' 
The three parts of a quaternion that are multiples of '''i''', '''j''' and '''k''' (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525: Quaternions]].)

'''the fulfiller of the Trinity''' 
the name of the first atom bomb detonated at Los Alamos. Alluded to earlier as the "Anti-Stone" (Webb and Merle, p.78). The origin of the name Trinity for this event is uncertain. It is commonly thought that Robert Oppenheimer provided the name, which would seem logical, but even this is not definitely known. A leading theory is that Oppenheimer did select it, and that he did so with reference to the divine Hindu trinity of Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer). Oppenheimer had an avid interest in Sanskrit literature (which he had taught himself to read), and following the Trinity test is reported to have recited a passage from the Bhagavad-Gita that is quoted earlier in this wiki. 

The usage of the Tibetan Mount Kailash, the holy dwelling place of Shiva, God of destruction and regeneration, on p. 437 seems to support this.

Also, a religious allusion to the three-person Godhead in Christian theology. 
Also, third ATD meaning!, a college in Dublin mentioned on page 560.

Also,"the Destroyer, the fulfiller of the trinity" recalls the Destroyer on page 154, the meteorite, and thus relates ''that'' passage to the Anti-Stone.

Also, in Jungian Psychology the 'fulfiller' of the trinity, making it a complete four-aspect entity, is the 'shadow', or traditionally, the devil (the force always excluded and seen as bad in Christian theology). Cf. C. G. Jung, "Versuch einer psychologischen Deutung des Trinitätsdogmas", Gesammelte Werke 11, especially p.179-94. Interestingly, Jung uses the term 'quaternarisch' for this. More Q-talk, then.

'''the pulselessness of salvation''' 
salvation lies outside of time?

'''A weapon based on Time''' 
Time is why there is entropy, that key Pynchonian term. Pynchon has created a brilliant metaphor that uses the concept uniquely. The Q-weapon, at the heart of which lies "a crystal about the size of a human eyeball" is based on Time. What becomes of the Q-weapon after Umeki (possibly) gives it to Halfcourt in Constantinople? ([[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1036|See page 1036...]])

'''"...you could become the most feared person in history." ... "I'd rather be loved," said Root.''' 
Echoes Machiavelli's famous aphorism, "It is much safer to be feared than loved."

'''laterite''' 
A mineral structure formed by erosion, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laterite Wikipedia]. Laterite is typically rich in metal oxides and poor in organic matter.

'''Ostend''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Ostend]]. Ostend (Dutch: Oostende, French & German: Ostende) is a Belgian municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It comprises the villages of Mariakerke, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest at the Belgian coast. Wikipedia.

'''Inner Boulevards''' 
streets in Brussels."In spite of the competition of the Central or Inner Boulevards, the Montagne de la Cour still remains the principal street for shopping in Brussels." "Brussels", Antiques Digest, 1904.

'''Gare du Midi''' 
The largest railway station in Brussels and a haunt of prostitutes.

<div id="gevaert"></div>'''Edouard Gevaert''' 
It seems this gentleman is fictional. although there are some interesting, but tenuous, connections. Agfa-Gevaert is the current owner of the [[W#wardenclyffe|Wardenclyffe Tower]] facility which housed the Tesla Tower. [http://www.maerlant.be/photherel/student/nvgevaert.htm Lieven Gevaert] (1868-1935) was a Belgian industrialist who founded Gevaert & Co. which produced photographic paper, in 1894. The company specialized in "daylight" paper, which relies on the event of exposure of the positive image through daylight, as opposed to development paper which is based on a process of special manipulation with chemicals. (Are photographs "stolen goods"? "Unworldy go-betweens"? Is the Q-Weapon a ... camera? No. It unlocks Time, animating the photograph - [[ATD_1018-1039#Page 1036|See page 1036]]) Agfa (Actien-Gesellschaft für Anilin-Fabrikation) was founded in 1864 as a manufacturer of dies and stains. In World War II, it became part of IG Farben (prominent in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=IG_Farben_References ''Gravity's Rainbow'']. The Allies broke up IG Farben after the war and Agfa emerged as an individual company. And, well, there ''was'' a Dutch arms dealer named Edouard de Beaumont (1841-1895) who has a rifle named after him. Yes, a stretch... Upon further reflection, I believe "Edouard" may refer to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muybridge Eadweard Muybridge] (Edouard was a variant spelling he earlier used) and his photographic experiments with ''freezing'' motion/Time.

==Page 559==

'''Krupp field-piece''' 
The Krupps are an ancient German family, famous for making weapons. A field-piece is a light-cannon.

'''vaguely glandular''' 
Describes Belgium, it seems.

'''''ostinato''''' 
A continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm.

'''poleaxed''' 
Stunned, brought to a mental standstill. (A poleaxe was used in slaughterhouses.)

'''lost to silence''' 
(Not silent, or very?)Very

==Page 560==

'''Wellington Hippodrome''' 
A race track in Ostend. (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 528|page 528:Hippodrome]].)

'''Estacade''' 
:A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the approach of an enemy. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Estacade]

'''''mousmée... mouchard''''' 
French: a young Japanese woman; a police spy.

mouchard: informer

:When Henry James revised ''The Princess Casamassima'' for the 1909 New York edition, the phrase "middle-class spy" in the 1886 text became ''mouchard''. Source: note by Patricia Crick in Penguin Classics edition.

'''always lead an irregular life''' 
Cf GR.

'''Maria Bayley Hamilton''' 
Hamilton's wife !!!

'''council meeting''' 
???

==Page 561==

'''Brougham Bridge''' 
It was on this site that the [[H#hamilton|mathematician William Rowan Hamilton]], in a flash of genius, came upon the formula for Quaternions and scratched it into the stone of the bridge.

About the bridge, the carving, photos of them, a couple of mathematicians' impression of the bridge, etc, see [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/octonions/node24.html Brougham Bridge].

'''on the stone''' 
The bridge is evidently a stone bridge. Stone, a natural thing, is a good for Pynchon. Hamilton's action is metaphorically a deeply religious moment. "Pentecostal" wherein the Quaternions 'descend' to earth [in the thoughts of men].

'''''i² = j² = k² = ijk = –1''''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Quaternion]].

'''Pentecostal''' 
Pentecost (< Greek πεντηκοστή [ἡμέρα], pentekostē [hēmera], "the fiftieth day") is the fiftieth day after Easter Sunday, which corresponds to the tenth day after Ascension Thursday. It is a feast in the Christian liturgical calendar — symbolically related to the Jewish festival of Shavuot — that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and the followers of Jesus on that day, as described in the Book of Acts, Chapter 2. Pentecost is also called "Whitsunday" (deriving from "Wit Sunday") in UK and other English-speaking areas.

Almost needless to say, the Pentecostal revelation is what is supposed to happen at the end of "Lot 49".

'''official Mischief Opportunity''' 
like 'shore leave', it seems. To leave the rules of the Organization and create mischief.

'''absinthe spoons''' 
absinthe spoons have slits whereon are placed sugar cubes through which one pours the absinthe

'''cravats''' 
A cravat is the neckband forerunner of the modern, tailored necktie. From the end of the 16th century, the term "band" applied to any long-strip neckcloth that was not a "ruff"; the ruff—a starched, pleated white linen strip—started its fashion career earlier in the 16th century as neckcloth that could be changed-a-fresh to keep the neck of a doublet from becoming too-soiled or as a bib or a napkin. A "band" could indicate a plain, attached shirt collar or a detachable "falling band" that draped over the doublet collar. 
Necktie fashions have changed over time. The modern cravat originated in the 1630s when Western Europeans saw Croats wearing extravagant neck scarves; the French word ''cravate'' meant "Croatian cavalryman."

'''"four-door farce"''' 
(See eg Bogdanovich's "What's Up, Doc?")
This is also a pun on the name of Georges Feydeau, French writer of farces who was writing when Pynchon's novel is set. One of the recurring physical jokes involves sets with many doors and people coming in and out, just missing each other....

The ranking of farces by door number is mostly jocular. Neil Simon's ''Rumors'' is a fine example of a seven-door farce.

==Page 562==

'''Minque''' 
the fish auction house.

'''Bruges''' 
A city about 18 miles east of Ostende, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Bruges]].

'''Ghent''' 
A city about 40 miles southeast by east from Ostend, Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 531|page 531:Ghent]].

'''carillons . . . carillonneur''' 
The [http://www.gcna.org/crlnexp.html carillon] was popular in Belgium before it caught on in most other places. It comprises a set of bells, matched in character, forming a scale (a couple of chromatic octaves or even more), with the beaters or clappers mechanically linked to a keyboard. A later development replaced muscle power with electromechanical linkages. In a still later "advance," the carillon was automated with music-box-like control. The American practice of playing recorded bells through loudspeakers is a inexpensive way to imitate carillon music. 
The carillonneur is the master at the keyboard. 
English-style bell ringing is a totally different pursuit, using (often imperfectly) tuned bells actuated in nonmelodic sequences. The bells, not the clappers, are swung with ropes. The effect of an eight-bell "peal" and a team of ringers with plenty of time on their hands—as heard by this American contributor in Bristol one spring Sunday—is perfectly charming. 
By the way: The word "carillon" is derived from the Latin "quaternio" (= consisting of four elements)...

'''Hanseatic''' 
The Hansa or Hanseatic League (definitely a creation of "the Christian North," next paragraph) was a great mercantile system that held itself above national rule.

'''burghers''' 
middle-class married men 
Well, a bit more than that: a burgher was a 'citizen', but not everyone had that status. Originally town-dweller of the craftsman or merchant class, probably a member of a guild, and thus eligible to serve in the corporation or town council. Later it comes to mean something like 'bourgeois', which has the same origin, and later still just a 'solid citizen'. In Germanic-speaking countries today it's just a citizen in the broadest sense, someone who has citizenship.

'''silted up''' 
backed up, underwater, with mud; i.e. neglected, because replaced by railroads. -As it silted up "back in the 1400s" we can safely exclude the influence of railroads.

'''Damme and Sluis''' 
Port cities near Bruges, heavily dependent on them from the 14th Century. 
See [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/communities/damme.htm Damme] and [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/arounddamme/sluis.htm Sluis]. For an overview map, showing cannals, roads etc, of the general area around Bruges-Damme-Sluis see [http://www.damme-online.com/gb/maps/generaloverview.htm Bruges-Damme-Sluis]

==Page 563==

'''trusted his intuitiveness''' 
Woevre is a natural killer.

'''''"Jou moerskont!"''... Afrikaans''' 
Possibly "you horse's ass"? --More likely something like "mother's cunt".

==Page 564==

'''voices of everyone he had ever put to death had been ... scored for some immense choir''' 
A possible reference to ''Star Wars'': Obi-wan experiences the obliteration of an entire planet as "a great disturbance in the Force, as if millions of voices suddenly cried out in terror and were suddenly silenced." [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076759/quotes]

Also another potentially time-less event, all of Woevre's murders collapsed into a single moment.

The "choir" image occurs several times in ''AtD.'' [[ATD_1-25#Page_19|One example.]]

'''"I cannot bear it ... this terrible light..."''' 
Shades of the Kirghiz Light in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=The_Kirghiz_Light ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''''Voetsak''''' 
Afrikaans (maybe Dutch too): Go away! Also spelled ''voertsek'' or ''voetsek.'' 
Borrowed in English with the spelling ''footsack.'' The Urban Dictionary, which often excites skepticism, has [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=footsack a useful entry] with a marginally plausible etymology. In [http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/lit/drama/Finished/chap5.html ''Finished'' (1916),] novelist H. Rider Haggard glossed it this way: "Among Europeans he rejoiced in the name of Footsack, a Boer Dutch term which is generally addressed to troublesome dogs and means 'Get out.'" And in a defective 1943 book for young readers, ''Great Caesar's Ghost'' (by Manning Coles, creator of gentleman op Tommy Hambledon), an English merchant seaman says, "Get out, 'op it, vamoose, footsack, imshi, or I'll—" [http://www.absp.org.uk/words/interjections.html ''Imshi''] is British service slang for "go."

'''starers''' 
Those who stared at Kit earlier.

'''dramatic performance''' 
referring to 'No'?

'''tobacco-stricken''' 
A smoker's deep or gritty voice.

'''half-silvering''' 
A design for an optical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_splitter beam splitter] that causes half of the incident light to be transmitted and the other half to be reflected.

'''the fatal number four—to a Japanese mind''' 
Japanese character for number "four" has the same pronunciation as that of character "death". 
Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 258|page 258:Japanese character for "four"]].

'''four cusps... index-surface''' 
???

'''co-conscious''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 527|page 527:co-conscious]]. Repeat here: "mental processes outside the main stream of consciousness but sometimes available to it - from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary."

Third use, I think. Who/what is co-conscious here? (First time, page 478; then page 527.)

Could it be the dimly perceived consciousness of one's double in the adjacent, alternate world? Or one's consciousness of that world?

==Page 565==

'''true icosahedron''' 
Probably a regular icosahedron, where the sides are formed by 20 equilateral triangles. For a picture see [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Icosahedron.html Icosahedron].

'''12+8... pyrites''' 
Pyrite crystals form a structure that can be decomposed into unit cells that contain (part of) 12 sulphur atoms and 8 iron atoms.

'''Riemann sphere''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_sphere Wikipedia]

'''Felix Klein''' 
German mathematician ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Klein Wikipedia])

'''ebonite''' 
An early plastic([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebonite Wikipedia])

'''Ohmic Drift Compensator''' 
ohm = the practical meter-kilogram-second unit of electric resistance equal to the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampere; The Ohmic Drift Compensator a key component of the Q-weapon "regulates how much light is allowed to enter the silvering of the mirror! Special kind of refraction! Calibrated against imaginary index! Dangerous! Of the essence!'" See also [[ATD 525-556#Page 541|Page 541]].

'''speed of the earth . . . kinetic energy''' 
Einstein in 1905 showed most of this argument to be nonsense, but if Lorentz's paper is still recent (next entry) the shift in thinking may not have happened yet. 
::Umeki refers on page 564 to 'Minkowskian space-time', which is a geometrical interpretation of Special Relativity, so she must be well aware of Einstein's theory. In fact, this reference to Minkowski, and those at pp 594 and 602, seem to place these episodes after 1908. However, p 596 seems to make Kit's stay in Göttingen contemporary with the 1905 revolution in Russia. So... either Umeki and Yashmeen have knowledge of Minkowski's theories before he makes them public, or (and this gets my vote) it just isn't possible to construct a consistent, real-world chronology for the novel.
:Since the earth's mean orbital speed ( ~ 30 km/s) is rather small in comparison with the speed of light ( ~ 300,000 km/s), no relativistic correction is needed in calculating earth's orbital kinetic energy. And in a reference frame anchored on the Sun, the earth's kinetic eneregy, ''E = ½ m v²'', where ''m'' is the earth mass and ''v'' it's orbital speed, still holds. Einstein showed only that it is no longer true against the nonexistent stationary ''æther''. Of course, it is irrelevant to an earthbound weapon tried to make use of this energy against a person who is standing on the earth.

'''Recently Lorentz's paper''' 
Lorentz's 1904 "Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity less than that of light" ([http://www.soso.ch/wissen/hist/SRT/L-1904.pdf PDF])

'''Lorentz . . . Fitzgerald . . . along the axis of motion''' 
It was the phenomenon of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, together with the abolition of the æther by Michelson and Morley, that led Einstein to his theory of special relativity.
:Michelson and Morley did NOT abolish the æther. Their experiement (1887), attempting to detect the light speed change due to the effect of the æther wind, was a total failure, and they could not explain the negative result.
::OK, would you accept "the abolition of the æther hypothesis in consequence of Michelson and Morley's work"? In fact, that negative result—replicated many times since—did render the notion of the luminiferous æther untenable, as the next two paragraphs make clear.
:The Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis was proposed to explain the "null" result of the Michelson-Morley experiment but still keeping the æther. (see paragraph 8 of Lorentz's 1904 paper above). Lorentz considered the contraction was not physically real but a device to explain the Michelson-Morley experiment. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_Fitzgerald_contraction_hypothesis Lorentz_Fitzgerald Contraction]).
::Some of the repetitions of the M-M experiment, all yielding the same result, were performed by Morley with Dayton C. Miller. In the 1920s Miller conducted his own aether-drift experiments, recording ''positive'' results (i.e. apparently detecting the aether) and in 1925 was awarded an 'American Society for the Advancement of Science' prize for this work. So it was certainly not universally accepted that the original M-M experiment made the aether hypothesis untenable: it was believed by some scientists that the experiment had simply been a failure. Check out ''The Golem'' by Harry Collins and Trevor Pinch for the whole story.
:Einstein (1905) derived the Lorentz contraction directly, without assuming the existence of the æther, from the ''Principle of Relativity'' (ie different observers moving at a constant speed with respect to each other find the laws of physics to be identical and find the speed of light to be the same), and proved that Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis had been "ad-hoc". And Einstein explain the failure of Michelson-Morley experiment by abolishing the æther !

'''Lord Rayleigh [...] wonders if such motion might not cause a crystalline body to become double refracting''' 
John William Strutt, third Baron Rayleigh (1842-1919) was one of the very few members of higher nobility who won fame as an outstanding scientist. Lord Rayleigh's first researches were mainly mathematical, concerning optics and vibrating systems, but his later work ranged over almost the whole field of physics, covering sound, wave theory, colour vision, electrodynamics, electromagnetism, light scattering, flow of liquids, hydrodynamics, density of gases, viscosity, capillarity, elasticity, and photography.

This specific reference is to Lord Rayleigh's paper published in the ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character'', Vol. 98, No. 692 (Jan. 3, 1921), pp. 284-296, entitled "Double Refraction and Crystalline Structure of Silica Glass." The introduction:

:Silica glass, as is well known, may be produced by the fusion of clear crystalline quartz. In this way a clear transparent product is obtained. The present paper deals only with this kind of silica glass. The cruder variety, known as vitreosil, which is prepared from sand, is not free enough from bubbbles and striae to allow satisfactory observation.

:That silica glass may be doubly refracting was noticed in casual observations, made to test its suitability for windows, in my experiments on the scattering of light by gases. It soon become clear that this double refraction could not in all cases be due to stress, but was to be attributed to something of the nature of crystalline structure. At the same time, the double refraction is very weak indeed compared with that of crystalline quartz.

:Glasses have generally been considered essentially amorphous, and, indeed, this property would usually be invoked in the definition of a glass. It may be that, in view of the present results, the definition will need to be modified, though this point is hardly ripe for discussion. In the meantime, I still use the term silica glass.

:I have not met with similar effects in any of the ordinary complex glasses. When these are doubly refracting, it is always attributable to strain. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0950-1207(19210103)98%3A692%3C284%3ADRACSO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7]

==Page 566==

'''In a dream...''' 

This passage, describing Kit's dream of Umeki and the message it conveys, pulls together many of the main themes of ''Against the Day'', tying things together in a way that Pynchon seldom does, almost as if he's providing a rather large piece of the puzzle to help the reader understand the novel:

:"Deep among the equations describing the behavor of light, field equations, Vector and Quaternion equations, lies a set of directions, an intinerary, a map to a hidden space. Double refraction appears again and again as a key element, permitting a view into a Creation set just to the side of this one, so close as to overlap, where the membrane between the worlds, in many places, has become too frail, too permeable, for safety.... Within the mirror, with the scalar term, within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark intinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist."

This is rather a good description of ''AtD'' itself. It is a (inevitably) "corrupted pilgrim's guide", but is the guide corrupted, or the pilgrim?

'''analogies''' 
(Pynchonian heuristics.)

'''the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the nameless Station before the first''' 
Cf. p. 436 '''holy pilgrimages. One defines a destination, proceeds through a series of stations...

'''lightless uncreated''' 
(Gnostic heresy?)

'''...within the daylit and obvious and taken-for-granted has always lain, as if in wait, the dark itinerary, the corrupted pilgrim's guide, the names Station before the first, in the lightless uncreated, where salvation does not yet exist.''' 
Compare with "daylit America . . . its steadfast denial of night" ([[ATD_724-747#Page 732|page 732]]), ''AtD'' epigraph, Thelonious Monk's "It's always night, or we wouldn't need light." '''and''' "the boys expressed wonder at how much more infected with light the night-time terrains passing below them had become [...] they felt themselves in uneasy witness to some final conquest, a triumph over night whose motive none could quite grasp" ([[ATD 1018-1039#Page 1032|p. 1032]]);

'''stuffed sinus''' 
sinus/nasal congestion. It is like looking out onto a new world when one's sinus finally clears after days of congestion.

'''''Konichiwa''''' 
''sic'' for "Konnichiwa / Kon nichi wa" -- Japanese greeting.

==Page 567==

'''new Puccini opera''' 
Obviously, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Butterfly Madame Butterfly]

'''[Americans] can't ever die of shame''' 
shameless, unlike the Japanese

'''Kimura-san''' 
Kimura ( "tree village") is the 18th most common Japanese surname.
-san is used as a courtesy title in Japanese-speaking areas as a suffix to the given name, surname, or title of the person being addressed, regardless of age or gender: Yamamoto san; sensei-san. 
Chimera-san?

Kimura is Umeki's colleague who worked with De Forest on vector analysis for syntotic wireless under Gibbs at Yale. (see p. 532 and p. 29) I think this wiki would be more useful if we focused more on internal text references rather than Google-happy idle speculation. Pynchon is pretty conscientious about providing all we need to know within the text itself.

'''Borel-Clerc... "La Matchiche"''' 
Popular vaudeville song from 1903. "La Matchiche" is French for the Brazilian dance Maxixe.

'''western anchor''' 
What about France, Spain, Portugal? Belgium is a port country with a highly developed transportation system into all of these countries. .....it was the first country to industrialize in Europe....Wikipedia.

In addition, Ostend is the westernmost port. It remains today a major Continental ferry terminus for North Sea crossings, including the fastest surface route, the hydrofoil.

'''the Orient Express''' 
The first [http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r045.html Orient Express] (1883-1914), connecting the English Channel with the Black Sea, is one of the most famous trains in Europe. It ran from Calais and Paris to Bucharest (Romania), passing through Strasbourg (France), Munich (Germany), Vienna (Austria), Pozsony (or Pressburg; now Bratislava, Slovakia) and Budapest (Hungary). From Bucharest it went through Bulgaria and then, by ferry, to Istanbul of Turkey. The original Orient Express was operated by Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits. Ever since the original Orient Express started operation, the name has become synonymous with luxury travel. After World I there were various railway routes had the name of Orient Express.

'''the Trans-Siberian''' 
The [http://www.transsib.ru/Eng/history-phases.htm Trans-Siberian] is a railway route connecting Moscow (Europe) to Vladivostok or Beijing (Far East Asia). Taking a journey by the Trans-Siberian Railway has long been considered an experience with mythological proportions. It is the longest continuous rail line on earth - about 6,000 miles over one third of the globe. In 1891, Czar Alexander III drew up planes for the Trans-Siberian and initiated its construction, and a more or less continuous route was completed in 1905. It took many more years to make the route smoothly operative.

'''the Berlin-to-Baghdad''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Railway Berlin-Baghdad (also Basra) Railway] was the route of German's expansion from Europe to the Persian Gulf, from which trade goods and supplies could be directly exchanged with the farthest of the German colonies and the world. It could also supply German industry directly with oil. Its conception (1888) and completion a couple of years later engendered great opposition from Russia, France and England as part of the "Great Game".

'''World-Island''' 
[[ATD 429-459#Page_433|See annotation at page 433]]

'''Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits''' 
"International Sleeping-Car Company", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlson_Wagonlit Wikipedia]

'''two hundred francs''' 
"None of that, Hakkabut. Hold your tongue." And, turning to Rosette, the captain said, "If, sir, I understand right, you require some silver five-franc pieces for your operation?"
"Forty," said Rosette, surlily.
"Two hundred francs!" whined Hakkabut.-- On a Comet, Jules Verne

'''theory of sets''' 
Set theory is the mathematical theory of sets, which represent collections of abstract objects. It encompasses the everyday notions, introduced in primary school, of collections of objects, and the elements of, and membership in, such collections. In most modern mathematical formalisms, set theory provides the language in which mathematical objects are described. It is (along with logic and the predicate calculus) one of the axiomatic foundations for mathematics, allowing mathematical objects to be constructed formally from the undefined terms of "set" and "set membership". It is in its own right a branch of mathematics and an active field of mathematical research. Wikipedia 
:The members of a set can be, say, [Mike, Mary, Jack, Richard, Ron, Umeki, . . . . . .], the employees of a company, or the passengers of the train leaving the station; they need NOT be abstract. Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 535|page 525:set theory]].

'''Bruges Canal''' 
Belgium: Bruges canal. For a picture of the canal see [http://cruises.about.com/library/pictures/baltic/blbruges19.htm Bruges Canal].

==Page 568==

'''vaporetto''' 
A Venetian water-bus.

'''Grand Canal''' 
The main canal that runs through the heart of Venice and down past San Marco, the city's main square.

'''San Marco end''' 
See above. This is where Florian's (appears in the novel) is situated.

'''Piazzetta''' 
??? A small piazza. The large square in front of St Mark's is the Piazza San Marco. The smaller side square running beside the Palazzo Ducale down to the canal is the Piazzetta San Marco.

'''San Giorgio Maggiore''' 
A rather over-ornate church on the Grand Canal opposite San Marco.

'''spreading... cloak''' 
Cliche/allusion?

'''live here forever''' 
Pynchon special-pleading that Dally isn't just another tourist.
Or is this just a typical reaction of the tourist? And a Pynchonesque longing for home?

'''Teatro Verdi in Trieste''' 
A 1200+ seat theatre built in late-eighteenth century in Trieste for classical music, opera and ballet ([http://selectitaly.com/events.php?product_id=27&city_id=122 Teatro Verdi]). With its stately columns, elaborate adornments and lush elegance it is rather an unlikely venue for magic show. Another unlikely venue for magic show is Teatro Malibran in Venice (next page).

==Page 569==

'''Malibran... Polo's house''' 
The Teatro Malibran, built at the site of Marco Polo's house, which was destroyed in 1596.
:It is still there ! Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page 355|page 355:Teatro Malibran]] and the external link (for photos, etc) listed there.

'''"pincette" pass''' 
Probably from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pincer_movement pincer movement] of military strategy.
:Professor Hoffman's ''Modern Magic'' (1876) describes three "passes with coins," La Pincette, Le Tourniquet and La Coulée. Amazon has the book for sale if anyone wants to look up the details.

'''profondes''' 
"Large pockets in tail coats which can be used for vanishes or productions", [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conjuring_terms Wikipedia]

'''Vincenzo Miserere''' 
??? Misero means poor, pitiful, miserable, etc. Psalm 51 (sometimes numbered as 50) is known as the Miserere because it begins (in Latin) Miserere mei Deus (Have mercy on me, God).

'''train to Trieste''' 
???Venice and Trieste are on the opposite sides (about 70 miles apart) of the same gulf : Gulf of Venice. Taking a train from Venice to Trieste would mean taking a route several times lengthier than a ferry.

'''Svegli''' 
The fictional professor's name comes from the Italian ''sveglio'' for "clever, dextrous, skillful."

'''shark leather''' 
Different from sharkskin?

'''''Specchiere''''' 
Mirror-maker

'''glassmakers on Murano''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murano Wikipedia]

'''today''' 
When is that?

'''''guaglion''''' 
Naples dialect: ''guaglione'' is boy. (It first appeared on page 531).

==Page 570==

'''another one of his stories''' 
(Jackson Pynchon should highlight all the AtD passages that originated as bedtime stories.)

'''TERAPIA''' 
Italian, "therapy"

'''San Servolo''' 
An island in the Venetian archipelago, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Servolo Wikipedia], [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=45.418654+N,+12.35698+E&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=45.418651,12.35698&spn=0.006891,0.010793&t=k&om=1&iwloc=addr Google Maps]

'''Palazzo Ducale''' 
The Ducal Palace in Venice, residence of the Doge. It's by San Marco.

'''''manicomio''''' 
Italian, "madhouse"

'''''paramorfico''''' 
paramorphic - see the entry for [[P|Paramorphoscope]]

'''uterine vellum''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellum Vellum] produced from the skin of an unborn calf

'''pitch, rouge''' 
Products used in the grinding of lenses and mirrors.

==Page 571==

'''La Doppiatrice''' 
Italian: the Doubler.

Perhaps an analogue of the diffraction grating that splits the electron into two "alternate" electrons in Schrodinger's thought experiment on quantum effects, source here of a sort of human quantum splitting, an alternate universe creator.

'''Ettore Sananzolo''' 
???

'''Maskelyne cabinet''' 
After Neville Maskelyne, from ''Mason and Dixon.'' Maskelyne was sent at the same time as M and D to record the Transit of Venus on St. Helena. He became Astronomer Royal while they were in America.

While Maskelyne is indeed a real person, the name is very suggestive of mescaline. The two do not seem to be "related."

More likely a descendant, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nevil_Maskelyne John Nevil Maskelyne.] --[[User:Jeffersonista|Jordan]] 13:46, 25 January 2007 (PST)

==Page 572==

'''smoke back into a cigar''' 
Time's arrow/ entropy motif.

'''hard-as-a-rock black cigar''' 
The quality of a cigar is usually higher with dark, more tightly-wrapped tobacco. Vincenzo has a fine one, it seems.

'''thumping''' 
sound/feeling of a water-bus?

'''''salso''''' 
Longest river in Sicily.Its small deltaic system there is dominated by marine processes rather than fluvial ones. It is a seasonal torrent, with brief but violent floods during the winter rains (from November to February), Is this what riding the salso in and back out again means? Riding the floods from the winter rains?

Hardly. 'Salso' (ital.) means 'salty', so this is probably a poetical word for 'the sea'.

'''''sandoli''''' 
??? The sandolo is a type of boat used in Venice, similar to a gondola but (I believe) larger.

:Actually, [http://gondolablog.blogspot.com/2009/04/sandolo-in-venezia.html smaller].

'''trains pulling in''' 
Famous early film.

==Page 573==

'''San Polo''' 
It is one of the six districts (sestieri) of Venice. (The other five are: Cannaregio, Dorsoduro, Santa Croce, San Marco, and Castello.) It (with Santa Croce and Dorsoduro) is located at the south side of the Grand Canal just across the Rialto bridge from San Marco. The San Polo district is the second most important area of Venice in terms of historical immportance and attractions for the tourists. It is the home to the Rialto market, the old artisan quarters of Venice, and the stunning Frari church.

'''Cannareggio''' 
It is commonly spelled Cannaregio. It is located north of the Grand Canal, and is one of the few parts of the city where Venetians still live in great numbers. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannaregio Canaregio].

==Page 574==

'''thirty years older''' 
About 65yo?

'''that day''' 
In NYC when Dally showed up.

'''Stronzo''' 
Italian curse word, roughly "asshole"

'''''In bocc' al lupo!''''' 
From the Roman dialect, in which the Italians – including Rocco and Pino – seem to speak. Meaning, literally, "In the
mouth of the wolf," and idiomatically, "Good luck."

Specifically, as supported by the show business context, the good-luck wish among actors: "Break a leg!"

'''''campielli''''' 
??? Small squares. A campo is literally a field and by extension a large square in a town. A campiello is a small square. I believe Venice has only one Piazza (San Marco) and the other squares are campi and campielli.

'''impersonation of itself''' 
echoes "the mountains had become geometrical impersonations of themselves", p. 394

==Page 575==

'''Riva''' 
Probably Riva del Vin by the Grand Canal; a great tourist attraction from where one can view the historical Rialto Bridge. (The word ''riva'' itself means ''river bank''). [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=venice&name=20050525-025 Riva del Vin] and[http://www.altravistavenezia.it/_VirtualTours/VA/Rialto_Riva_del_Vin/rialto_riva_del_vin.html Rialto-Riva del Vin]

'''middy blouses''' 
In the style of a midshipman's blouse (shirt).

'''not yet been rebuilt''' 
Remember [[ATD 243-272#Page 256|page 256]].

'''''lucciole''''' 
prostitutes

'''Hunter Penhallow''' 
Cf. [[ATD 119-148#Page 129|page 129]] for reference to the "Venice" phase of Hunter Penhallow's painting career

'''''fondamenta''''' 
A waterside street in Venice

'''''ombreta''''' 
''ombreta de vin'' means "a glass of wine" in Venetian dialect.

'''light's good here''' 
Old joke about drunk looking for car keys under streetlight though he dropped them somewhere else.

'''inside that labyrinth . . . microcosm of all Venice''' 
A hologram has this property, that a little chip broken off it contains the entire image. This is, however, a specific reference to Fractal non-Euclidian Geometry ... self-similarity over scale. A fractal is an object or quantity that displays self-similarity, in a somewhat technical sense, on all scales. The object need not exhibit exactly the same structure at all scales, but the same "type" of structures must appear on all scales. A plot of the quantity on a log-log graph versus scale then gives a straight line, whose slope is said to be the fractal dimension. The prototypical example for a fractal is the length of a coastline measured with different length rulers. The shorter the ruler, the longer the length measured, a paradox known as the coastline paradox, mentioned by Pynchon on [[ATD_821-848#Page_821|page 821: coastline approaching infinite length]].
:Good argument for the fractal reference, better than the original one for the hologram metaphor. Hunter is not making smaller and smaller paintings ("chips") but rather exploiting an observation about scale.

==Page 576==

'''''rio''''' 
narrow waterway in Venice (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 245|page 245:''rio'']].)

'''twelve soldi''' 
A soldo is a small coin.

'''franc... ten francs''' 
One "franc": a french coin. Not much, even for standard of the times.

'''Santos-Dumont style''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 529|page 529:Monsieur Santos-Dumont]]

'''Canaletto''' 
Real name: [http://www.wga.hu/bio/c/canalett/biograph.html Zuane Antonio Canal] (1697-1768), a well-known scenery painter at the time. He went to England in 1746 and returned to Venice in 1755. 
Venetian landscape painter, 1697-1768, famous for his paintings of Venice ([http://www.artericerca.com/ven_set/Canaletto/canaletto.htm Italian website]).

As described, Penhallow's pictures are reminiscent, in spirit and in some ways content, of John Singer Sargent's Venetian paintings. Sargent also later painted one of the most haunting images of World War I, [http://jssgallery.org/Paintings/Gassed/Gassed.htm "Gassed"], showing a column of men blinded by mustard gas feeling their way to an aid station.

'''Beppo''' 
Allusion to Byron's poem "Beppo - A Venetian Story". Beppo is a husband who's been away for many years and then, returning, reclaims his wife from another man.

Beppo = Mouse, diminutive of Giuseppi. There is also Beppo Levi (born on May 14, 1875 in Turin, Italy, died on August 28, 1961 in Rosario, Argentina) Italian mathematician, director of the Mathematics Institute of the National University of the Littoral from 1939 to 1961. His work included the mathematics of alternative spaces[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beppo_Levi].

'''pitch''' 
From Merriam-Webster Dictionary: ''chiefly British: an outdoor site (as for camping or doing business).

'''Bauer-Grünwald''' 
An expensive hotel near San Marco in Venice.

'''demobilized from a war that nobody knew about . . . seeking refuge from time''' 
Hunter Penhallow, one of the Trespassers?

==Page 577==

'''a time-traveler from the future''' 
Hunter Penhallow IS a Trespasser.

''''Safe'''' 
Recent art-movie title? I think safe here means safe without allusion.

'''neutral hour?''' 
Is any moment in Time apolitical?

'''Castello''' 
Castello is the largest of the six sestieri of Venice. The district grew up from the thirteenth century around a naval dockyard on what was originally the Isole Gemini.

Not sure on the derivation of Isole Gemini; but Gemini, like Pisces (cf. Fomalhaut, the brightest star in the Pisces constellation) and Sagittarius, are the dual signs of western astrology in keeping with "bi-locations," Deuce Kindred, Renfrew/Werfner, mirrors, etc.

Jyotisha (Indian astrology) includes Virgo as a dual sign or dvisvabha rashis -- thus forming a Quaternity (4 signs or rashis)of Duality. It's interesting that Pynchon does not say Gemini and Pisces directly, but alludes to them behind Castello and Fomalhaut. Be on the lookout for twins, fish, virgins and centaurs!

'''Evening Gun''' 
"At reveille the morning gun goes off; and at retreat, the evening". From
a history description. Here is a site with picture.http://www.ziplink.net/~edkreutz/1f.html

'''Dr. Grace''' 
Renowned, full-bearded 19th-century English cricket player.

'''Charing Cross''' 
Charing Cross Railway Station, London. The original station was opened on 11 January 1864 by the South East Railway. Now, over 37 million people pass through Charing Cross every year. Situated on the forecourt of the stations is the Eleanor Cross, from which point road distances from London are measured. For more see [http://www.networkrail.co.uk/aspx/795.aspx#history Charing Cross].

==Page 578==

'''Dorsoduro''' 
An area of Venice. The Dorsoduro district is a relatively central area of the city, located on the opposie side of the Grand Canal from the San Marco district. But, at the smae time it offers the visitor a chance to explore a delightful part of the city free from the crowds of San Marco.
The Accademia Gallery, Peggy Gugggenheim Museum, and the Santa della Maria Salute Church (one of the most famous landmarks of Venice) are all located here. [http://www.tours-italy.com/venice/guide_dorsoduro.htm Dorsoduro].

'''''pensione''''' 
A cheap Italian hotel, like a bed and breakfast.

'''La Calcina''' 
A historical hotel. La Calcina means ''The Lime House'', because the hotel was built on a 17th-century lime production site. It is located on the Zattere promenade, at the foot of the Calcina Bridge. Various Bohemian artists frequented the Café of the hotel, and John Ruskin indeed stayed at the hotel from February 13 to May 23, 1877. For the historical background of the hotel see [http://www.lacalcina.com/HTML/en/calcina_storia_en.html La Calcina].

'''eminent ghosts, Turner and Whistler, Ruskin, Browning....'''

Evokes Lytton Strachey's ''Eminent Victorians'' and this Quaternity of artists were eminent indeed (though not the subject of Strachey's book). All had a conection to Venice, and the note on Ruskin at the La Calcina above could be true of the other three as well.

Robert Browning became a ghost in Venice in 1887. Of particular historic significance, Browning was the first person to ever have his voice heard after his death. Thomas Edison recorded Browning reading his poem "How They Brought Good News from Ghent to Aix" including the poet's apologies for forgetting the words. The recording was first played in Venice in 1890.

'''''"traces of conciousness". Psychical Research beginning to open these matters..streaming by''''' 

Possible allusion to Joyce's "stream of conciousness". Ulysses is also set in 1904, the year Joyce met his wife.

But that is not the stream of consciousness refered to here, and it is the wrong "James." William James actually coined the term "stream of consciousness." Joyce was not the first to use it as a literary technique either -- he just perfected it in a way not seen before -- except perhaps in Proust.

Considering the context in AtD concerns ghosts and the very next sentence begins with a mention of Psychical Research, "traces of consciousness" is not so much stream of consciousness as a trailing vapor or whisp of consciousness that streams by as a "kind of ghost." Think in terms of thought transference, ESP, mediums, hypnosis, hallucinations, ghosts. More than a few characters in this novel are involved in these things.

In order to study these phenomena, three dons of Trinity College, Cambridge founded The Society for Psychical Research in 1882. William James helped to found the American branch and was president of the group for a while.

There are recurring parallels in AtD to a famous James quote from ''Varieties of Religious Experience'':

Our normal waking consciousness . . . is but one special type of consciousness, whilst all about it, parted from it by the flimsiest of screens, there lie potential forms of consciousness entirely different. We may go through life without suspecting their existence; but apply the requisite stimulus and at a touch they are all there in all their completeness . . . No account of the universe in its totality can be final which leaves these other forms of consciousness quite disregarded.

'''Zattere''' 
An area of wide waterfront pavements in Venice.

'''''...in hotels, the way your dreams are often, alarmingly, not your own?''''' 
One more possible allusion to Proust, including also the following paragraph. At the beginning of the ''Recherche'', the main character, Marcel, spends a sleepless night in a hotel room, surrounded by memories he can't make sense of. 
And it's Pirate Prentice's 'job' in GR and presumably the whole first section of GR is one of Pirate's 'dreams not his own'. 
In ''Lot 49'' Oedipa Maas considers all the dreams and memories stored in the mattresses of transients' hotels, and of the information destroyed when they burned.

'''''cimici''''' 
Latin: bedbug.

'''to pick up traces of the dreams of whoever slept there just before them''' 
Cf. the Tom Waits song "9th & Hennepin": "And all the rooms they smell like diesel / And you take on the dreams of the ones who have slept there". [http://www.tomwaitslibrary.com/lyrics/raindogs/9thandhennepin.html Lyrics]

'''bora''' 
a regional wind, blowing each winter.

==Page 579==

'''vino forte''' 
strong wine.

'''Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Brletta''' 
They are the cities in Puglia (Apula) region of southeast Italy, ie. at the "heel of the Italian Boot".

'''Tintoretto's ''Abduction . . .''''' 
See [http://www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3374 here]

Tintoretto (1518-94), Venetian painter. Originally named Jacopo Robusti, because of his father's profession of ''tintore'' (dye) he was nicknamed as [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tintoret/biograph.html Tintoretto]. The most successful painter of Venetian school in the generation after Titian. His drawings, unlike Michelangelo's detailed life studies, are brilliant, rapid notations, bristling with energy, and his color is more somber and mystical than Titian's. For a better, can be enlarged, view of his [http://www.wga.hu/index1.html ''Abduction of the Body of St. Mark (1562-66)'']. (The title of the work in this Web Gallery of Art is: "The Stealing of the Dead Body of St Mark.")

'''Accademia''' 
The major art-gallery in Dorsoduro, Venice

'''Titian''' 
16th century Venetian painter. 
Vecellio Tiziano (1490-1576), better known as Titian, the greatest painter of the Venetain School and the leading light of the Italian Renaissance. Titian was recognized as a towering genius in his own time and his reputation as one of the giants of art has never been seriously questioned. He was supreme in every branch of painting and his achievements were so varied — ranging "from the joyous evocation of pagan antiquity . . . to the depths of tragedy in his late religious paintings" — that he has been an inspiration to artists of very different character. In many subjects, above all in portraiture, he set patterns that were followed by generations of artists. For more and Titian's paintings [http://www.wga.hu/bio/t/tiziano/biograph.html Titian].

'''Infancy Gospel of Thomas''' 
One of the apocryphal scriptures. The Infancy Gospel of Thomas relates the miraculous deeds of Jesus before he turned twelve. [http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/infancythomas.html 1] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Thomas Wikipedia on the Gospel of Thomas]

→Actually, The Infancy Gospel of Thomas is not the same as the Gospel of Thomas. The former is a brief summary of Jesus' misadventures as a child (as AtD notes, Jesus really is described as a hell-raiser and although at one point he brings a child named Zenon back from death, the Infancy Gospel mostly just makes a shallow exhibition of Jesus' miraculous powers). The latter is a Gnostic text and a "collection of sayings, prophecies, proverbs, and parables of Jesus" (Willis Barnstone, "The Other Bible" p. 299).

Also, I read through the whole Infancy Gospel of Thomas and could not find the particular parable that Pynchon describes. However, Pynchon's parable is in keeping with the style of this Gospel. Jesus gets in trouble--making adults irate--and then sets everything straight. This particular parable also does not appear in The Infancy Gospel of James, The Infacy Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, or The Arabic Infancy Gospel.

The reference to this Gospel is a double+ play on the twins/double/mirror motif. First, as can be seen in this posting, there is confusion between the Gospel of Thomas and the Infancy Gospel of Thomas. The two gospels appear to be the same, but they are different. Second, the name ''Thomas'' means ''twin''. Also(+), Thomas is the doubting Thomas.
To doubt is to be "of two minds." The historic and theological significance of Thomas is loaded with themes relevant to this novel.

I'd like to add that Pynchon already made up a quote of the Gospel of Thomas in ''Gravity's Rainbow'', p. 537, as an epigraph of Part III, Episode 24: "Dear Mom, I put a couple of people in Hell today . . . ". The author cited his source as "Oxyrhynchus papyrus number classified," which is both correct (the Infancy being a part of the apocryphal Gospel of Thomas which was found on papyri discovered in a Nile river village called Oxyrhynchus) and wrong: the so-called Thomas didn't write that Jesus ever said that to his mother! At least in the papyri that were published… See Weisenburger 2006, (''A Companion to'' GR), p. 282.

==Page 580==

'''Pentecost story in Acts''' 
Pentecost is a Christian holiday commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus' followers and the beginning of the Christian church. Pentecost is celebrated by many (but not all) Christians on the Sunday 50 days after Easter. It often falls in early June. [[Acts II|Read the Biblical passages in Acts II...]]

'''Galilean dialect''' 
Of Aramaic.

'''Yes, well, it's redemption, isn't it, you expect chaos, you get order instead''' 
In the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and the Pentecost, first Jesus, then the Holy Ghost, act as Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon]. In the Infancy Gospel story, Jesus sorts the randomly mixed dye molecules so that each garment comes out one color; in the Pentecost story the Holy Ghost causes a single language, just random noise to all but Galileans, to be heard as the many different languages of the listeners. Taking the two stories together, thermodynamic entropy is reversed, but the entropy of information is increased. This is the crux of ''Lot 49''; here it is another "secular miracle"; order emerges from chaos. The mathematicians, artists and similar seekers may bring forth a similar miracle, the ability to experience other dimensions, to understand the universe (See Kit's dream, P.566).

'''''rii''''' 
Plural of ''rio''.

==Page 581==

'''''sotopòrteghi''''' 
An open doorway for public access. (Cf [[ATD_243-272#Page 246|page 246:sotopòrteghi]].)

'''Bodeo 10.4 mm''' 
A mass-produced Italian-made service revolver, initially made around 1889. Demand for them as guns was low, causing thousands of the weapons to be converted to table lamps. An interesting Pynchonian connection between light, manufacture, weapons, and war.

==Page 582==

'''''foschetta''''' 
''Foschia'' in Italian means "fog". ''Foschetta'' is a term for "light fog".

'''''masègni''''' 
Blocks of Euganean trachyte used for paving, often marked off by bands of Istrian stone

'''''patrone''''' 
Probably meaning ''padrone'', "master". -- blicero2
:or female saint? not referring to Tonio but just as an expression.

'''wine trains up from Puglia''' 
Puglia region is in southeast of Italy (at the "heel of the Italian Boot"). From page 578-579: "In September, when the vino forte arrived from Brindis, Squinzano, and Barletta . . ." These three cities are in Puglia. Cf [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:vino forte]] and [[ATD_557-587#Page 579|page 579:Brindisi, Squinzano, . . . Barletta]].

'''Winter''' 
1904-1905?

'''''osterie''''' 
taverns (''osteria'' is a tavern)

'''Principessa Spongiatosta''' 
Is Pugnax's book from p6 at all relevant here?
:Yes! [[Princess_Casamassima,_The|''The Princess Casamassima'']] has several resonances with ''AtD.''

'''Ca'''' 
Abbreviated form of "Casa," Italian for "house."

Which appears to be multidimensional, or at any rate non-Euclidean, reminiscent of Zombini's cabinet.

'''Roman Composite order''' 
A classical order (style of building design) dating from late Roman times, formed by superimposing Ionic volute (volute = a spiral scroll ornament) on a Corinthian capital (capital = the head or crowning feature of a column). ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_order Composite order]).

'''japonica''' 
Japanese honeysuckle.

==Page 583==

'''Iron Bridge''' 
The Ponte dell’Accademia - connecting the Venetian quarters (sestieri) San Marco and Dorsoduro - was constructed during the Austrian occupation in 1854. This steel construction got replaced ca. 1933 by a wooden bridge (which was replaced by yet another wooden bridge in 1985) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_dell'Accademia Wikipedia]

'''Le Havre''' 
French port city on the Atlantic (English Channel).

'''''ma via''''' 
Meaning "come on!", in Italian. -- blicero2

'''third eyes touching''' 
The third eye, as existing on some reptiles is a dorsal organ that is receptive to light, otherwise known as the ''pineal eye''. Since the two half-sisters are obviously not reptiles, this reference might allude to the figurative third eye, or the eye of the mind, heart or soul. When the two touch foreheads, they are able to peer into each other consciences, by way of these third eyes. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/third+eye /Dictionary Entry]

==Page 584==

'''"Swiss insurance salesman. Wolf. No, Putzi."''' 
Bria's had so many beaux she gets them confused? One was a wolf; the other a putz?
:''Wolf'' is an uncommon given name but also a diminutive of Wolfgang. ''Putzi'' does not come from a given name; it's like "sweetiepie," a nickname for a cute boy.

Wolf + Putzi sounds a bit like Wuffli. Peter Wuffli was the CEO of UBS (Union Bank of Switzerland) [http://www.ubs.com] from December 2001 to June 2007. He unexpectedly resigned in Jun07, some months before the subprime crisis, in which UBS had to take large financial losses, exploded. [http://www.ubs.com/1/e/investors/releases.html?newsId=127571]

Possibly related, or possibly not-- Putzi's is the club in Cuxhaven where the beleaguered Tyrone Slothrop tries to pick up his forged papers in Gravity's Rainbow. (Home of the Eisenkröte!)

'''''topo''''' [[Image:Topo.jpg|thumb|Topo Boats|right]]
A topo is a guide for a crag or climbing area; a shortened form of "topographic map" of any type of surface topology. But what is Pynchon referring to? Topo is "rat" in Italian and "awkward person" in Spanish. The Greek topos means "place" or "commonplace" None seems to refer to a "day out on the water" or a "day off work" as it seems to imply here. Interesting Pynchonesque tidbit found while researching the root source of the word topology: A term used to refer to the continuity of space and spatial properties, such as connectivity, that are unchanged after distortion. (Thanks to the The University of Melbourne's GIS glossary) Topology includes the study of the surface of an object, such a as a the paint of a canvas painting and the transformations such surfaces can undergo mathematically, including through imaginary domains.

:Pynchon writes "Some artist friends had a ''topo'' for the day." He is referring to the boat they rented. It means "mouse" in Italian and is apparently the name of a small traditional Venetian fishing boat now used for [http://www.veniceword.com/special.html touring]. As for mathematical topology, Pynchon's topological metaphors reach a crescendo in the next chapter.

'''Dogana''' 
Custom House, built on a wedge of land called ''Punta della Dogana'' (Custom Point). This wedge of land is at the entrance of the Grand Canal, as described in the text: "where the Grand Canal and the Lagoon meet". The original 14th-century customs tower was replaced by a colonnaded building named the ''Dogana de Mare'' (Sea Customs Post). See picture [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/media_1041505867_761562189_-1_1/Punta_della_Dogana_Venice.html Punta della Dogana]

'''Andrea Tancredi''' 
An artist and acquaintence made by Hunter Penhallow in Venice. His name is likely derived from the Gioacchino Rossini opera ''Tancredi'' or the Voltaire play by the same name. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancredi Wikipedia Entry] 
Tancredi, restored, is a tragedy. the soldier Tancredi and his family have been stripped of their estates and inheritances, and he himself has been banished since his youth. Two more noble families — headed by Argirio and Orbazzano — have been warring for years. Wikipedia.
Tancredi presides in exile...he is mortally wounded at the end after learning the person he thought betrayed the heroine did not.

:Actually, per [[T#tancredi|my entry in the Alpha index]], more likely the name connects with Tancredi, the time-traveling character in ''City of Death'', a four-part serial in the British science fiction television series ''Dr. Who'' which involves time travel and bilocation. Tancredi is the sole survivor of the Jagaroth race, an evil people who destroyed themselves in a war some 400 million years ago. Tancredi explains that a few escaped in a dilapidated spacecraft and found Earth in a primeval, lifeless stage of its development. The ship disintegrated upon takeoff and [[Scaroth]] tells of how he was fractured in time, splinters of his being were scattered across time and space, all identical, none complete. Whereas, in ''City of Death'', Tancredi, one of the Scaroff "splinters" living in Renaissance Italy, is plotting to create multiple Mona Lisa's for fraudulent purposes, ''Against the Day'''s Tancredi is fighting art fraud. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Death Read the synopsis of ''City of Death'']; The name "Andrea" ''could'' be a reference to the protagonist Andrea Marsh, a time-traveler in the 1889 novel, ''Timeless Love'' by Judy Hinson ([[Timeless Love|synopsis]]).

'''Seurat and Signac''' 
George Seurat (1859-1891) and Paul Signac (1863-1935), French painters who developed pointillism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointillism Wikipedia entry].

'''Divisionism''' 
Term invented by Paul Signac to describe the Neo-Impressionist separation of colour into dots or patches applied directly to the canvas. From Grove Dictionary of Art.

'''Marinetti''' 
The Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti was the first among [the Futurists] to produce a manifesto of their artistic philosophy in his Manifesto of Futurism (1909)(see below).

'''"Futurists"''' 
Practitioners or followers of Futurism, an early 20th century art movement that is considered the genesis of Cubism, Dada and Art Deco. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism_%28art%29 Wikipedia entry].Marinetti summed up the major principles of the Futurists, including a passionate loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions. He and others also espoused a love of speed, technology and violence. The car, the plane, the industrial town were all legendary for the Futurists, because they represented the technological triumph of man over nature.

'''brutalism''' 
See above and The Futurists were often condemned as fascistic in their manifestos and outlook.

'''Torcello''' 
A lonely Venetian island: very peaceful and beautiful with a church and little else.

'''primitivo''' 
A kind of red wine (same as the original Zinfandel, actually).

==Page 585==

'''green-and-lavender''' 
Another clashing color scheme.

'''sirocco''' 
A hot dust-laden wind from the Libyan deserts that blows on the northern Mediterranean coast chiefly in Italy, Malta, and Sicily. 
The correct spelling in Italian is ''Scirocco''.

'''San Michele''' 
San Michele, nicknamed The Island of the Dead, is the cemetery island of Venice. It is associated with the sestiere of Cannaregio from which it lies a short distance north east.
Walls of San Michele.Along with neighbouring San Cristoforo della Pace, the island was a popular place for local travellers and fishermen to land. Mauro Codussi's Chiesa di San Michele in Isola of 1469, the first Renaissance church in Venice, and a monastery lie on the island.

'''futuristic vehicle''' 
See p. 155 [[ATD_149-170#Pages_154-155|and annotations.]] Of course, the machine-inspired Futurists would remind Hunter of this vehicle that 'had borne him to safety'!

Why? Hunter isn't the Futurist here and doesn't seem to share the same naive faith in Progress that Tancredi does.

'''the chill, comfortless faith in science and rationality...''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber Max Weber's] concept of rationality, and the [[Routinization of Charisma|routinization/rationalization of charisma]], is a prominent theme in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=R#routinization ''Gravity's Rainbow''] a spontaneous and charismatic source of authority is eventually "rationalized" and brought under the control of processes and rules. In Pynchon's view, it is a movement toward Death and thematically related to entropy a prominent theme in [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=E#entropy ''V.''] and, in [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=F#fengshui ''Mason & Dixon''], bad ''Feng Shui'' and the reduction of the fuzzy boundaries between Pennsylvania and Maryland into a straight line.

'''''Preliminary Studies...''''' 
Artists often do 'preliminary studies'..'infernal machine' comes out of Futurism's ideas.

==Page 586==
'''“One must begin by accepting Hell -- by understanding that Hell is real..."''' 
See multiple citations for ([http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=H Hell]) A book that takes us through Dante's gate twice (158, 401), has Ryder Thorn warn us explicitly that "this world.. will die and descend into Hell" (553), and ends with the words AtD ends with, may be good practice for taking Tancredi's advice.

'''Always with us.''' 
Gospel of Matthew. "The poor you will always have with you". Here reference is to born-again Christers.

'''''vero?''''' 
Literally meaning ''true'' in Italian, here it is used as you would use: "Are you talking of an infernal machine, ''aren't you'' ?"

'''Hell in a small bounded space ... But the finite space would expand rapidly''' 
Tancredi is probably envisioning the onset of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_war_i World War I], which hangs over the entire novel. The war began with the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, an event in land-locked Bosnia that led to a chain-reaction triggering of formal alliances and national interests, i.e. an infernal machine. The cultural changes brought on by the war, continuing through the Twentieth Century, include the suppression of Christianity in Eastern Europe and its decline as an ideology in the West. Of course, this is also an allusion to an actual chain-reaction, an atomic bomb, which begins with a small implosion.

'''We desire transformation''' 
Aligns the explosion-loving Tancredi with the Rilke-quoting Blicero from Gravity's Rainbow. '"Want the Change," Rilke said, "O be inspired by the Flame!"' (GR p.97)

It also might be helpful to recall that Shiva, who has been referred to implicitly numerous times already in ATD, is the transformative/destructive deity of the Hindi Trimurti.

This section also sets up Tancredi as an opposite of Hunter, who on p.577 wants to find a "neutral hour", that "goes neither forwards or back", and on the same page "felt no desire to join in, quite the opposite." Hunter himself is much like Katje from GR. Page 97 again: "But not Katje: No mothlike plunge. He must conclude that secretly she fears the change..."

'''orpiment yellow''' 
A yellow color pigment ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpiment Wikipedia])

'''Nürnberg violet''' 
An artificial color pigment discovered in 1868 in the city of Nuremberg

==Page 587==

'''"The energies of motion, the grammatical tyrannies of becoming, in divisionismo we discover how to break them apart into their component frequencies . . . we define a smallest element, a dot of color which becomes the basic unit of reality . . . .''' 
This seems to describe both the kind of painting done by Tancredi and atomic research. Breaking material into its atomic unit, the basic unit of reality, is literally part of the "energies of motion."
This also describes how a television set works. The screen is composed of millions of tiny dots that, taken together, create moving pictures.

'''Brownian movement''' 
Also called Brownian motion. It is the irregular motion of small particles suspended in a liquid or a gas, caused by the bombardment of the particles by molecules of the medium
first divscovered by botanist Robert Brown (1773-1858) in 1827. Einstein in one of his four ''Annus Mirabilis Papers'' of 1905 explained the random motion using molecular kinetic theory of heat. Cf [[ATD_397-428#Page 412|page 412:young Einstein]].

'''I really love the old dump''' 
For the same reason Dally does: Venice has what Pynchon called (in ''V.'') "Temporal Bandwidth": a life in a depth of time, a simultaneous humane immersion in past, present and future. The canals of industrialized Belgium are silted up, the connections to its Hanse past lost, paved and tracked over. This has not, and cannot, happen to Venice; even a Futurist painter cannot carry out the appaling modernization he describes. Venice is a place to hide from the future; indeed, in terms of physical destruction, the world wars barely touched La Serenisima.

'''''nebbia, nebbietta, foschia, caligo, sfumato''''' 
Varieties of fog.

'''speed of sound''' 
Air temperature is more important than density.

'''''La Velocità del Suono''''' 
Italian, "speed of sound"

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 525-556

2010-08-28T04:18:19Z

Bangorang: /* Page 538 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 525==

'''Ostend''' 
Cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 521|page 521: Ostend]], a seaport in northwest Belgium. Among English-speaking tourists, Ostend (or Ostende) is best known as a ferry port.

'''Fishermen's Quai''' 
Fishermen's Quay, also called ''De Trap''. The shrimp boats come home here from the sea in the morning. Along the quay many stands sell lots of seafoods.

'''Boulevard van Isenghem''' 
A major thoroughfare in Ostend, locally called ''Van Iseghemlaan'', extending diagonally from seafront southwest through the city.

'''street-plausible''' 
Presentable.

'''Quai de l'empereur''' 
Since Ostende is in the Flemish part of Belgium this should be the Keizerskaai, a street along the old part of the harbour, 1919 renamed Vindictivelaan.

'''estaminet''' 
According to the OED - A café in which smoking is allowed. Now, any small establishment selling alcoholic liquor.

'''twelve-centime''' 
one centime is the French equivalent of one cent. A twelve-centime beer would cost 12/100 of a franc.

Although the definition above still stands, remember these are Belgian francs, a different currency than French francs.

'''Quaternions''' 
Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 130|page 130:Quaternions]]. Quaternions are a non-commutative extension of complex numbers (Hamilton, 1843). 

Analogy with the complex numbers (Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 132|page 132:complex number]]) being represented as a sum of real and imaginary parts, a + b''i'', where ''i''² = −1, a quaternion is defined as a combination a + b''i'' + c''j'' + d''k'', where ''i''² = ''j''² = ''k''² = ''i j k'' = −1, and a, b, c, d are ''four'' explicit real numbers. The non-commutative property refers to ''i j = −j i = k; j k = −k j = i; k i = −i k = j''. (i.e. ''i j ≠ j i; j k ≠ k j; k i ≠ i k''; etc.) The using of ''i, j, k'', the imaginary numbers (Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 133|page 133:imaginary number]]), led to the phrases of "the ''ijk'' lot" of page 533 and "creature of ''i-j-k''" of page 534.

'''Kellner''' 
German: waiter, barman. Use of the German word would be insulting to the Belgian barman.

Well, I don't think it may sound insulting for the waiter, as Ostend is in the part of Belgium were Flemish (Dutch) is spoken and in that language ''kelner'' is the word for waiter, which sounds like the German ''Kellner''. Pynchon misspelling, maybe? (DCB)

'''''demi''''' 
A half-pint glass (25 centiliters, actually).

'''Lambic''' 
Pron. ''lahm-BEEK.'' Unique Belgian beer style, sour and often thin in body.

'''skimmer''' 
Straw hat ("Panama").

==Page 526==

'''biquaternion''' 
Or "octonion," an innovation of English mathematician W.K. Clifford, [[ATD_243-272#Page_249|referred to on p. 249.]]

'''Barry Nebulay''' 
Pun on a term from heraldry, ''barry nebuly.'' The term barry (rhymes with "starry," not "carry") refers to a shield divided into an even number of parts by horizontal lines. Nebuly, possibly also spelled ''nebulée,'' signals that the lines are deformed into stylized "cloud" shapes. (Actually the dividing line looks more like interlocking parts of a jigsaw puzzle.) [http://www.rarebooks.nd.edu/digital/heraldry/partitions.html Here you can see an example.]

A play on the astronomical term ''nebulae'' is just conceivable, but then why "Barry"?

'''University of Dublin''' 
The Alma Mater of Hamilton, the father of Quaternion. He studied, graduated and taught at Trinity College, the University of Dublin, Ireland's oldest university.

If University College, Dublin, then Joyce had graduated in 1902. 

'''Quaternioneers''' 
Quaternion believers.

'''Gibbsian Vectors''' 
Vector Analysis (or Vector Calculus) developed by Willard Gibbs (Cf [[ATD_26-56#Page 29|page 29:Professor Gibbs]]) in 1881 and 1884. It is a branch of calculus that deals with vectors and process involving vectors. It is much more easily applied to phsics and other applied sciences than Hamilton's Quaternions (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Quaternions]]). 
A vector is defined by not only a magnitude but also a direction, such as a velocity vector, ''v'' is defined by ''v'' = a''i'' + b''j'' + c''k'',
where a, b, and c are the magnitudes of the velocity components in directions of ''i, j'' and ''k'' which are unit vectors, (not imaginary numbers as in Quaternion), with magnitude of 1. In three dimensional cases and ''xyz'' coordinate system is used then ''i, j, k'' are related to ''x, y, z'' directions ("''xyz'' people" of page 533); but they, in general, may be used irrespective of the notation of the coordinates.
Mathematical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication), differentiation (''curl'' — Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326:Curl]] and p. 536, ''Laplacian'' — Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326:Laplacian]] and p. 536, etc) and integration can be applied to vectors. It is interesting to know that one of the two multiplication operations is called cross product; for unit vectors (''i, j, k'') perpendicular to each other, then, ''i × i = j × j = k × k = 0'', ''i × j = k'', ''j × i = -k'', etc. ([http://web.mit.edu/wwmath/vectorc/summary.html Vector Calculus]). 
A simple vector anyalysis example here: if ''k'', the unit vector, stands for the direction upward and g is the gravitational acceleration, then the acceleration vector, ''a'', for a projectile, is defined for downward action, (the ''i'' and ''j'' directions have zero components): 
:''a'' = -g ''k'' 
Integrating ''a'' would give the velocity vector, ''v'' 
:''v'' = -g t ''k'' 
for zero initial velocity case, and t standing for time. 
And integrating ''v'' would yield the position vector, ''h'', for the projectile 
:''h'' = -½ g t² ''k'' 
toward the sea level.

'''Quaternionists''' 
Quaternion believers, same as Quaternioneers.

'''Tasmania''' 
Tasmania is an island of the southern coast of Australia. Known for its relative isolation, it was a prison for English convicts in the 1800s

'''Having been inseparable from the rise of the electromagnetic''' 
In his 1865 work ''The Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field'', James Clerk Maxwell unified electricity and magnetism. He put forth twenty equations, with twenty unknowns, in vector form (though different in notation and form than the equations that now bear his name) that completely described all known electromagnetic phenomena. In his 1873 treatise on the subject, he expressed the equations in the mathematics of quaternions. It appears that the quaternion form of the equations remained popular even though, at the behest of his publisher, Maxwell reverted to the 1865 form in the second edition (1881)--though they remain scattered throughout. In 1892 Oliver Heaviside (On the Forces, Stresses, and Fluxes of Energy in the Electromagnetic Field. ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.'' A, Vol. 183. pp423-480), while spewing scientific vitriol at the Quaternionists, reformulated Maxwell's original 1865 equations (Heaviside chose to remove the vector potential and scalar fields from the equations; the inclusion of these terms had served as Maxwell's justification for the use of quaternions), and provided the notation still in use today. See this [http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=Downloads&d_op=getit&lid=60 PDF] for the evolution of Maxwell's equations.

'''Hamiltonian devotees''' 
The Quaternion faction, after William Hamilton, who devised the scheme.

'''Grand Hôtel de la Nouvelle Digue''' 
There is a Hotel Digue in the Seychelles; this is a New Hotel Digue by Pynchon?

Grand Hotel of New Dyke, may be a made up hotel name.

'''anterooms of death''' 
This metaphor is sometimes applied to concentration camps. Here the lyric "feel like I'm fixin' to die" seems more apposite.

'''Belgian Art Nouveau''' 
Art Nouveau, 1890(or 80) to 1914, explores a new style in the visual arts and architecture that developed in Europe and North America at the end of the 19th century. At its height (~1907), Art Nouveau was a concerted attempt to create an international style based on decoration. It was developed by a brilliant and energetic generation of artists and desisgners, who sought to fashion an art form appropriate to the post-Industrial Revolution modern age. 
Brussels was one of the Art Nouveau centers and represented different style from the others. The jewelers there, accepted as artists rahter than craftsmen, (together with those in Paris) defined Art Nouveau in jewelery and achieved the most renown. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Nouveau Art Nouveau]).

==Page 527==

'''dossing''' 
British slang for "sleeping", "staying overnight"

'''Russian nihilists''' 
:The following four are local, Belgian, not Russian, nihilists !
:: It only says Russian in the first edition. Corrected to "Belgian nihilists" in the paperback.

'''Eugénie''' 
Female. Possibly named for Empress Eugénie (1826-1920), consort of French Emperor Napoleon III. Ultimately for St. Eugenia, 3rd-century Roman martyr whose feast is celebrated on December 25.

'''Fatou''' 
Female. A pseudonym? In view of the date of the action, certainly not named after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatou the mathematician Fatou] (1878-1929).

Although there is no reference to ethnicity in the text, Fatou is an African name, very common in Senegal. It would be highly uncommon to find a white Belgian bearing that name in the early 20th century. And it would make sense if a revolutionary group named Young Congo had at least one or two African members!
However it is more likely that the revolutionaries had taken on new handles, more appropriate to their cause.

'''Denis''' 
Male. Named for St. Denis or Dionysius, patron saint of Paris and of France, 3rd-century bishop of Paris, martyr, beheaded on the hill now called Montmartre. "Montjoie St. Denis!" was a warcry used by French troops in the Middle Ages. His intercession is effective against demonic possession and headache.

'''Policarpe''' 
Male. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarp Saint Polycarp] was a Christian bishop of Smyrna (now İzmir in Turkey) in the second century. He was stabbed and died a martyr after an attempt to burn him at the stake failed. His intercession is sought against earache and dysentery.

again, possibly African. It was very common for white missionaries in Africa to give their newly converted flock the names of famous Saints.

'''Young Congo''' 
Probably in reference to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Turks Young Turks], a Turkish revolutionary movement

'''Garde Civique''' 
A part of the Belgian army. According to the [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Belgium 1911 Britannica], "the mass of the garde civique does not pretend to possess military value. It is a defence against sedition and socialism."

'''French Second Bureau boys''' 
Deuxieme Bureau; French Intelligence.

'''''phalange''''' 
French: phalanx. A military (here mock-military) group ready for combat. 

It also conjures up memories of the early 19th century utopian socialist
Charles Fourier, who theorized that people should live communally in "phalanxes" of a specific number based upon their "passions." His solid ideas included equality of the sexes, but he also taught wacky things such as the moon being made of lemonade. Of particular relevance is his rejection of industrial civilization. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utopian_socialism]

'''"...until something had happened, something too terrible to remember..."''' 
Again this theme of an unknowable past transgression, here invoked almost as if the unknown signifies the other 'lateral' (a word which has cropped up at least a dozen times already) 'vector'.

'''the Digue''' 
French for "dyke"

'''Congo... Belgians''' 
The Belgian colonisation of the Congo was, as Conrad's ''Heart of Darkness'' makes clear, notable for its greed and brutality.

'''Leopold, King of the Belgians''' 
1835-1909, reigned 1865-1909. A man of almost Nixonian fiendishness. In the Congo he acted as sole proprietor and absolute ruler. The positive outcomes of his exploitation include ''Heart of Darkness'' and the phrase "crime against humanity."

'''co-conscious''' 
mental processes outside the main stream of consciousness but sometimes available to it — from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary.

'''Force Publique''' 
Belgian armed forces operating in the Belgian Congo ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_Publique Wikipedia]). "King Leopold's private army" may be a more accurate description.

'''rubber worker''' 
See above: One of the early missions of the FP was to increase rubber export quotas through forced labor and related atrocities.

==Page 528==

'''''khâgne''''' 
an informal term used by French students for Classes Préparatoires Littéraires, the two-year cycle of classes taken after the Baccalaureat (taken at age 17-18), to prepare for the entrance examination to the Ecole Normale Supeieure. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A2gne khâgne]).

'''Reclus''' 
J. J. Élisée Reclus (1830-1905), French geographer but mainly educated in Germany. Several times he was forced to leave France because of his political views; he traveled widely in Europe, the British Isles, the United States, and South America and for many years lived in Switzerland. He was professor of comparative geography at the University of Brussels from 1895 to 1905. He had quite an extensive connection with various socialist and anarchist circles (met Bakunin while in Florence).Once he was imprisoned in Versailles in 1871 for his part in the ''Paris Commune''. In 1882 he initiated the ''Anti-marriage movement'' while in Geneva. [[http://academic.reed.edu/formosa/texts/reclusbio.html Reclus]).

'''Stirnerite''' 
Follower of Max Stirner, 19th century German philosopher and author of ''The Ego and Its Own,'' a work influential in anarchist thought. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Stirner Wikipedia entry]. [[Max Stirner|Discussion...]]

'''''Anarcho-individualiste''''' 
i.e. he has doctrinal differences with Stirnerism, strictly speaking; see P. 324, and "Eigenheit".

'''Leopold''' 
See [[#Page 527|p. 527]].

'''going down lately''' 
Being assassinated.

'''Sipido''' 
Jean-Baptiste Sipido (1884-1959), a Belgian socialist. Accusing the Prince of Wales of causing thousands of inocents were killed in the Boer War in South Africa, on April 5, 1900, Sipido leaped onto the foot board of the royal compartment right before the train left the North Railway Station (Gare du Nord), Brussel, and fired two (or one? as reported in ''The Manchester Guardian'', or four? as stated in the text here) shots through the window but missed everyone inside. He was arrested, tried and acquitted. The leader of the House of Commons called the acquittal a "grave and most unfortunate miscarriage of justice." ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Sipido Sipido]).

'''Prince... of Wales''' 
(Maud Gonne's husband claimed to have been involved in another such plot.)

'''Hippodrome''' 
Hippodrome Wellington, a horse racing track in Ostend built in 1883. The facility hosts both harness and flat racing events. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippodrome_Wellington Hippodrome]).

'''Royal Bathing Hut... twenty francs''' 
A bathing machine ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathing_machine bathing machine])? The King of Belgium certainly would not want to be seen in a swimsuit on a public beach... It seems unlikely, though, that such a royal bathing machine would be for hire.

'''twenty francs''' 
???

==Page 529==

'''picric family''' 
The explosive picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and its derivatives. For picric acid, Brugère's powder and Designolle's powder, [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/PER_PIG/PICRIC_ACID_or_TRINITROPHENOL_C.html see this Britannica article.]

'''Brugère's powder''' 
See "picric family" above.

'''Designolle's''' 
See "picric family" above.

'''Monsieur Santos-Dumont''' 
Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873-1932), a pioneer of aviation from Brasil. Check out [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Santos-Dumont Wikipedia] to get a look at the way he was wearing his "trademark Panama hat".

'''Green Hour''' and '''''l'heure vertigineuse''''' 
Absinthe-drinking time. The liqueur is green. In French, ''l'heure verte,'' so ''vertigineuse'' (vertiginous, causing dizziness) is a pun on the word for "green."

'''Rocco and Pino''' 
Rabid Quaternionists and sudden friends of Kit Traverse.
:No, they were not mathematicians at all, let alone Quaternionists, but two "Italian naval renegades" !!
::"Rocco and Pino" are, in temperament, something like the "Mason and Dixon" of manned-torpedoes... cf. the "torpedo" (i.e., "Electrick-Eel") of ''Mason & Dixon''.

'''Whitehead works in Fiume''' 
Anticipating GR's V2 works.

''Robert Whitehead'' (1823-1905), an English engineer. He developed the first self-propelled torpedo in 1866. He attended Manchester's Mechanics Institute, worked in a shipyard in Toulon (1844), France, and as a consultant engineer in Milan (1847), Italy. Later he moved to Trieste and in 1856 became a manager of a company called ''Founderia Mettali'' (later, ''Stabilimento Tecnico di Fiume'') in Fiume producing ship steam boilers and engines which were the most advanced of that era. He also developed the first self-propelled torpedo which was very popular. Whitehead's torpedo was propelled by a compressed air engine, carried 18lbs dynamites and a self-regulating device which kept the torpedo cruising at a constant preset depth. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Whitehead Whitehead]].

''Fiume'' is now Rijeka, Croatia. Trieste is on the northwestern edge of the Istra Peninsula, Rijeka is east of it. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijeka Fiume]].

Interesting sidebar: Whitehead's fortune from Fiume and the torpedo went solely to his granddaughter Agatha Whitehead, who married Baron von Trapp. The Von Trapp money came from Robert Whitehead, and most of the von Trapp singers were his great-grandchildren.

'''''Alberta''''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_yacht Wikipedia] entry on royal yachts goes back to the 17th century but doesn't include ''Alberta.'' The craft does get a mention in [http://www.bouncing-balls.com/timeline/people/nr_leopoldmorel.htm this page on Leopold and the Congo.]

'''Siluro Dirigibile a Lenta Corsa''' 
or S.L.C. "slow course torpedo", "slow-running torpedo". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manned_torpedo Wikipedia] Italy‘s Navy was among the first to experiment with manned torpedos. Though according to [http://web.ukonline.co.uk/chalcraft/sm/chariots.html this site] this did not happen until 1935, Italian frogmen as early as October 31, 1918 made it into the harbour of Pula with the help of a modified german torpedo and sank the former Austrian but by then since a few hours Croatian/Slovenian/Bosnian battleship SMS ''Viribus Unitis''. [http://www.geocities.com/tegetthoff66/viribus.html website]

The Wikipedia entry linked above doesn't contain the Italian word ''dirigibile'' (steerable), which sets up the torpedo as a counterpart of the dirigible ''Inconvenience.''

:I suspect there's a connection between the torpedo and "Not the usual lateener, in fact appearing to have neither sails, masts, nor oars" in Miles' reversed vision, [[ATD_243-272#Page_250|page 250.]] Needs work, though.

==Page 530==

'''exfiltrate''' 
Make a surreptitious escape (as "infiltrate" means to make a surreptitious entrance).

'''''Macchè''''' 
Italian: certainly not, not a chance. And in Pynchon's Italian is used as an all-purpose exclamation.

'''''Ehi, stu gazz', categoria''''' 
Stu gazz' is a dialect representation of ''sto cazzo'', literally meaning ''this dick here''. Normally you could translate the sense of the sentence as: ''yeah, why not, a fucking category! ''. -- blicero2 - 2007.02.22

'''''mezzogiornismo''''' 
Denigrating the Italian South. Mezzogiorno means ''midday'' in Italian but refers generally to Southern Italy.

==Page 531==

'''Bruges''' 
An exceptionally beautiful Belgian town of canals which is thus one of several towns known as the 'Venice of the north'. In the 14th cettury Burges already became an international finanacial and trading center, but
started to decline in the 15th century. In the 20th century, however, the city was discovered by the international tourism and the medieval heritage turned out to be a new source of wealth. A new harbor of Zeebrugge, 10 miles outside of Bruges at the North Sea coast, brought new developments and new industries to the region. For the city and its history see ([http://www.trabel.com/brugge.htm Bruges]).

'''Raoul's Atelier de la Vitesse''' 
French: Ralph's Speed Shop.

'''Ghent''' 
Belgian city, less than 30 miles southeast of Bruges, on the rail line about halfway between Ostend and Brussels. It is the fourth largest city of Belgium. It is bigger than Bruges but not as famous as a tourist attraction. But the city is a showcase of medieval Flemish wealth and commercial success. See ([http://www.trabel.com/gent.htm Ghent]).

'''Daimler six-cylinder''' 
Six cylinder engine (most likely a "straight six", as V6 engines weren't made before 1950) manufactured by the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (Daimler Motor Company), German engine and later automobile manufacturer (of the famous Mercedes), in operation from 1890 until 1926. Later merged with the Benz Co. and thus was born the Mercedes Benz. Merged with Chrysler in 1998 and is now know as Daimler AG. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_Motoren_Gesellschaft]

'''a hundred horsepower''' 
In the early 1900's, Daimler's top straight six cylinder engines (see above), the only ones being manufactured in continental Europe, could manage an impressive 75 horsepower. So the engine here is most likely a supercharged version of a car engine.

'''''guaglion''''' 
italian (dialectal) = boy, young person

'''Umeki Tsurigane''' 
Umeki is typically made with some combination of the various kanji for "plum" (ume) and "tree" (ki), though one has the ki being the character for "ghost/devil" and one obscure reading that's entirely redundant, where ume is "plant" (usually read ue). There is one where ume is the kanji for "buried or embedded". Tsurigane, means a "temple bell", which can stand alone or be followed by the grass kanji to mean "bellflower" (lots of botanical stuff happening here, if that means anything; hardly the only example in ''AtD''). Given the search for Shambhala going on, "Buried Temple Bell" seems a likely translation, at least at this point; the botanical meanings could perhaps emerge later.

Or, another terrible name-pun? "You make [m]e sore again." See another on P. [[ATD_748-767#Page_757| 757]]

'''Professor Knott''' 
Cargill Knott (1856-1922), professor of physics; seismologist. See his biography [http://www.penicuikcdt.org.uk/Cargill_Knott.html here].

==Page 532==

'''Kimura''' 
Cf [[ATD_26-56#Page 29|page 29:Kimura]] and [[ATD_318-335#Page 318|page 318:Shunkichi Kimura]].

'''drover's sombrero''' 
Cowboy hat.

'''furoshiki''' 
Japanese all-purpose cloth. Can be worn, used as wrapping, or used as a bag.

'''taupe''' 
A brownish gray.

'''boilermakers and their helpers''' 
[[ATD_358-373#Page_360|See annotation to p. 360.]]

'''Anharmonic Pencil''' 
''Pencil'' is a term commonly used in Synthetic Geometry. Straight lines incident with a plane - coplanar lines - and passing through a common point are said to be concurrent lines and the set of all such concurrent coplanar lines is called the ''pencil''. (Cf [[ATD_429-459#Page 456|page 456:Pencil]]). For a figure and a not quite precise definition see [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Pencil.html pencil]. If a, b, c and d, are four distinct coplanar lines and their double ratio λ = (abcd) = -1, then a, b, c, d are called a harmonic quadruple of lines; they are said to constitute a ''harmonic pencil''. A ''pencil'' which is not harmonic then is known as ''anharmonic pencil''. See Pencil (lines 8-9), Double Ratio λ (lines 32-35) and Harmonic Pencil (line 39) of [http://ca.geocities.com/ingsaler6/mathworld.html Mathworld].

'''''Comptes rendus''''' 
''Comptes rendus des séances hebdomadaires,'' Proceedings of the weekly sessions (of the Academy of Sciences), published from 1835, later (ca. 1935) retitled ''Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences,'' Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences. (Notice that the academy didn't see the need to specify "French." Take that, Royal Society of London!) For about a century, one of two journals so universally circulated and recognized that bibliographies nearly always cited them in nickname form: ''C.R.'' The other was ''Ber.,'' short for ''Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft,'' Reports of the German Chemical Society (from 1868).

'''De Forest''' 
Cf [[ATD_26-56#Page 29|page 29:De Forest]].

'''Gibbs''' 
Cf [[ATD_26-56#Page 29|page 29:Professor Gibbs]].

'''Maxwell Equations''' 
Cf [[ATD_57-80#Page 58|page 58:Maxwell Field Equations]].

==Page 533==

'''aniline teal''' 
The wallpaper dye; aniline dyes were the first synthetic dyes, discovered by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Perkin William Perkin] in 1858. Their intense and fade-resistant colors were very fashionable at the end of the nineteenth century. The dyes are also significant in ''GR'' as the products of I.G. Farben.

'''Heavisiders''' 
Oliver Heaviside (May 18, 1850 – February 3, 1925) was a self-taught English electrical engineer, mathematician and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, developed techniques for applying Laplace transforms to the solution of differential equations, reformulated Maxwell's field equations in terms of electric and magnetic forces and energy flux, and independently co-formulated vector analysis. Although at odds with the scientific establishment for most of his life, Heaviside changed the face of mathematics and science for years to come.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaviside].

'''Grassmanniacs''' 
Nineteenth century German mathematician and linguist, essentially the inventor/discoverer of vector space. Grassmann showed that once geometry is put into the algebraic form he advocated, then the number three has no privileged role as the number of spatial dimensions; the number of possible dimensions is in fact unbounded.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Grassmann].

'''in the mood for a clambake''' 
Anachronistic Broadway show tune? If so, the clambake in ''Carousel'' turns into a brawl; the assembled factions of mathematicians could be in the mood for either a party or a brawl, apparently.

'''Monopole de la Maison''' 
Monopole of the House, a fanciful name of a fanciful drink. 
There is, since 1898, a well known restaurant called ''Monopole Lunch & Sea Grill'' in Plattsburgh of upper New York state. ([http://www.monopole.org Monopole Restaurant]). 
Most probably, it's the Magnetic monopole being referred here. In physics, a monopole is a magnet with a net magnetic charge, i.e. there is only one pole instead of two (so no net magnetic charge) as usual. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_monopole Monopole]). It's existence had been theoretically predicted by various particle theories (superstring theory, etc) but never been proved experimentally. Proving the existence of a monopole would certainly earn a Nobel Prize.

'''Idiom Neutral''' 
An invented language, like Esperanto. Idiom Neutral dictionaries first appeared in 1902. It looks like a simplified Latinate language and it grew out of Volapuk, another "auxiliary language." It was abandoned by the ''Akademi Internasional de Lingu Universal'' in 1908.

For a list of all the invented languages that linguists are keeping track of, including Klingon, try [http://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/GetListOfConstructedLgs.html Eastern Michigan's Linguist List]. And don't forget to click on the link to "Browse sites devoted to constructed languages."

'''phatic''' 
Basically, small talk or chatter. Words used to convey fellow-feeling rather than to impart information.

'''''Kampf ums Dasein''''' 
German: struggle for existence.

'''Q-brother''' 
Fellow Quaternioneer or Fellow Quaternionist.

'''We are the Jews of mathematics, wandering out here in our diaspora--some destined for the past, others the future, even a few able to set out at unknown angles from the simple line of Time, upon journeys that no one can predict''' 
In keeping with the analogy of Judaism, those "few" people within the Quaternionists "able to set out at unknown angles" are most likely being compared to Kabbalists who claim to partake in a mystic "journey to the Throne of God through the mythological realm of the seven heavens" (Armstrong, A History of God--p. 247). Throne Mysticism in Kabbalah is explored extensively in Gravity's Rainbow.

Perhaps this is obvious to some, but these "Jews of Mathematics" worship the Hamiltonian Tetractys [http://www.math.ucr.edu/home/baez/dublin/]; those other Jews worshipped the Tetragrammatron. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetragrammaton] The proliferation of 4s continues.

==Page 534==

'''Poiret gown''' 
A gown designed by Paul Poiret (1879-1944), a French fashion designer based in Paris. "In the annals of fashion history, Paul Poiret is best remembered for freeing women from corsets and further liberating them through pantaloons . . . it was Poiret's remarkable innovations in the cut and construction of clothing . . . Working with fabric directly onto the body, Poiret helped to pioneer a radical approach to dressmakeing that relied more on the skills of drapery than on those of tailoring." (from [http://www.metmuseum.org/special/se_event.asp?OccurrenceId={0DC3D00F-4611-4F91-8DC2-CC3C1A5C48D5} MetMuseum],
New York Metropolitan Museum's Special Exhibitions, ''Poiret: King of Fashion'', May 9, 2007 to August 5, 2007). For a picture of Poiret gown see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Poiretgown.jpg Poiret Gown]. ''The New York Times'' reported on February 1, 2007 that A Poiret Gown Brings $5,500 at [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B07EFDA1538F93AA15756C0A967948260 Christie's Auction] - the gown was made in 1913 when Poiret was at the height of his career. For his bio see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Poiret Poiret].

'''''green and long''''' 
Pickle, or... what?
: A green and long ''gherkin'' (a small, immature fruit of a variety of cucumber used in pickling).

==Page 535==

'''no-name wine''' 
1970s idiom for common European practice?

'''set theory''' 
Set theory deals with the properties of well-defined collections, or ''sets'', of entities - the ''elements'' or ''members'' of the set - conceived as a whole. The elements may be of a mathematical nature or non-mathematical. The set theory grew out of the German mathematician Georg Cantor's (1845-1918) study of infinite sets of real numbers.

The ''language of sets'' has become an important tool for all branches of mathematics, but is of very little relevance to the practice of mathematics in everyday life. As a source of metaphors, however, it's been quite productive; "subset," "superset," "universe," "intersection" and "Venn diagram" have found varying degrees of acceptance. Recasting Aristotle's syllogisms in set-theoretic language also makes them easier for many people to understand.

'''Hamilton . . . early genius''' 
Hamilton, according to ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'', "at fifteen knew thirteen languages, had read Newton's ''Principia'', and commenced original investigations". At twenty-two, "while still an undergraduate, he was appointed professor of Astronomy at Dublin and Irish Astronomer-Royal"; at thirty "he was knighted".

'''Hamilton . . . in the grip of a first love''' 
??? 
Pynchon probably didn't mean Quaternion was Hamilton's first love, but its effect on him was similar to that of a first love. In 1843 at the age of 38 Hamilton invented the Quaternion, the first non-communtative algebra to be studied. He felt this would revolutionise mathematical physics, and he spent the rest of his life working on it. In 1853 he published a large volume, ''Lectures on Quaternions'', on his grand invention. The last seven years of his life, Hamilton was writing an 800-page book ''Elements of Quaternions'' modeling on Euclid's ''Elements''. The last chapter of the book was completed by his son after his death.

'''the Walt Whitman of English physics''' 
Whitman pops up again, last seen on [[ATD_489-524#Page_491|page 491]].

==Page 536==

'''Oscar Wilde''' 
Note that Wilde's Dorian Gray also undergoes a kind of bilocation.

'''Kursaal''' 
German: "cure hall" aka a spa or, more generally, a place of healthy amusement, eg casino.

'''vectors''' 
For serious minds, see Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526: Gibbsian Vectors]], but let's follow Pynchon's lighter mood, here is a non-mathematical definition by Kamen (1995):
:''Many things have more than direction;''
:''The magnitude is also a question.''
:''With acceleration or force,''
:''And many more things, of course,''
:''It's vectors that make the connection.''

'''Curls''' 
Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326: Curl]]: curl is a vector operator that shows a vector field's rate of rotation.

'''Laplacians''' 
Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (March 23, 1749 – March 5, 1827); French mathematician and astronomer who summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five volume Mécanique Céleste (Celestial Mechanics) (1799-1825), translating the geometrical study of mechanics used by Isaac Newton to one based on calculus, known as physical mechanics.

He is also the discoverer of Laplace's equation. Although the Laplace transform is named in honor of Laplace, who used the transform in his work on probability theory, the transform was discovered originally by Leonhard Euler. The Laplace transform appears in all branches of mathematical physics — a field he took a leading role in forming. The Laplacian differential operator, much relied-upon in applied mathematics, is likewise named after him. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace].

:Cf [[ATD_318-335#Page 326|page 326: Laplacian]]: Laplacian is a differential operator named after Laplace. The text here was talking about mathematical operations and operators — rates of change, rotations, partial differentials, Curls, ''Laplacians'', . . .

'''beginning to appal''' 
By 1905 there had been years of outrage at conditions in the Belgian Congo, King Leopold's private fief. Conrad's ''Heart of Darkness'' had been published as a serial in Blackwood's Magazine in 1899 and as a book in 1902. There were missionaries' accounts of the brutality, and newspaper reports. Leopold and his apologists published rebuttals. The Norton Critical Edition of ''Heart of Darkness'' contains an extensive collection of both.

'''baize''' 
Baize is a coarse woolen felt.

==Page 537==

'''broken symmetries''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_symmetry Broken symmetry] is a concept used widely in mathematics and physics. For a simplest explanation (good enough for the text here), this term means that an object breaks either rotational symmetry or translational sysmetry - when one can only rotate an object in certain angles or when one is able to tell if the object has been shifted sideways. For a little bit more detailed explanation see [http://www.lassp.cornell.edu/sethna/OrderParameters/BrokenSymmetry.html Identify the Broken Symmetry]; or even more [http://scienceweek.com/2005/sw050708-6.htm On Broken Symmetry].

'''''sphinxe Khnopffienne''''' 
refers to the Belgian symbolist painter Fernand Khnopff (1858-1921), famous for his painting "The Caress", in which a female sphinx erotically lures a young man. The painting can be seen in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Khnopff wikipedia entry]

Or, possibly another oblique reference to Yeats' poem 'The Second Coming,' which starts with a 'gyre,' ends with a 'sphinx,' and is widely seen as expressing the poet's appalled reaction to the human violence unleashed by WWI. The sphinx in the poem appears to be the incarnation of the baffling spirit of human cruelty, as well as out-of-control technology, of the newborn 20th Century. [http://www.online-literature.com/yeats/780/].

'''Pléiade Lafrisée''' 
in French, "friser" means to curl or twist. "La frisée" could mean "curled," by extension "twisted." The Pleiades is a cluster of hundreds of stars, though only a few are visible, sometimes referred to as The Seven Sisters. If Pleiades are Sisters, Pléiade is ''one'' Sister, so her name means Twisted Sister!

In Greek mythology, the Pleiades were the seven daughters of the titan Atlas (you kow, the guy who was condemned to hold the sky on his shoulders for eternity) and the sea-nymph Pleione.

They are:
Maia, eldest of the seven Pleiades, was mother of Hermes by Zeus.
Electra was mother of Dardanus and Iasion by Zeus.
Taygete was mother of Lacedaemon, also by Zeus.
Alcyone was mother of Hyrieus by Poseidon.
Celaeno was mother of Lycus and Eurypylus by Poseidon.
Sterope (also Asterope) was mother of Oenomaus by Ares.
Merope, youngest of the seven Pleiades, wooed by Orion. In other mythic contexts she married Sisyphus and, becoming mortal, faded away. She bore to Sisyphus several sons.

Pléïade is also used in French to describe a group of talented people. When capitalized, it refers to a group of poets. It is also the name of the most prstigious collection of books published in French. If you make it to the Pléïade, you become an immortal author.

Lafrisée translates literally to "The Curly One"

'''''Conseilleuse''''' 
Female consultant?

Not an actual French word, but it's tolerable. If we were to describe somebody who counsels or gives advice (in the female form), it would be "conseillère". The suffix "euse" is sometimes used in French to denote a lesser form. In French Canada, for example, the word "violoniste" is used to describe a "violonist", and "violonneux" is used to describe a "fiddler". Therefore, "Conseilleuse" would suggest an unofficial counseler of sorts.

==Page 538==

'''retroversion matrix''' 
???

'''''Ma foi''''' 
Literally "My faith", i.e. "By my faith!", a mild exclamation of incredulity.

'''ten thousand francs''' 

Based on currency conversions relative to gold, this is equivalent to
about $30,000 US today.

'''piker''' 
Someone cheap or cautious, possibly named after people from PIke County, Missouri, who came to California in the 1800s, looking for work. They were poor, hence cheap.

'''what is a Quaternino?''' 
Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Quaternions]] for a mathematical definition. From ''The Random House Dictionary of the English Languages'', The Unabridged Edition (1966): Quaternion is "a quantity or operator expressed as the sum of a real number and three complex numbers, equivalent to the ''quotient of two vectors''. The field of quaternions is not commutative under multiplication.".

'''Bertie ('Mad Dog') Russell''' 
'Mad Dog' seems to be used with heavy irony here. Bertrand Russell was known most for his rationalism, so to speak, his work in modern logic.
He did little in his public roles (at this time in AtD) that would have
him referred to as "crazy', as we say, beyond the social norm, "mad".

Russell was an anarchist, however, and therefore maybe deserving the honorific "mad dog".

It might be argued that his use of 'logic' against philosophers such as Hegel and McTaggart within ''Against the Day'' showed up their 'madness'.
(Many did think McTaggart was a bit...different...for seriously not believing in Time.) McTaggart broke with Russell after an early influential friendship---Russell was the younger man and the influenced one. He said he was an Hegelian because of McTaggart--Russell wrote in his
Autobiography that McTaggart said he no longer wanted to meet/talk with him bcause he could no longer stand Russell's opinions.

[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1950/russell-bio.html Bertrand Russell] (1872-1970) was a British mathematician, philosopher, logician and social critic. Best known for his work in mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. In late spring of 1901 he discovered the so-called [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell-paradox/ Russell Paradox], "the most famous of the logical or set-theoretical paradoxes. The paradox arises within naive set theory by considering the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. Such a set appears to be a member of itself if and only if it is not a member of itself, hence the paradox." (On-line Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). He won the 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature in "recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought".

'''Barry Nebulay''' 
[[ATD_525-556#Page_526|See annotations to page 526.]]

'''Hegel... puns''' 
Probably refers to the fact that quite a lot of Hegel's philosophy deals with the is-ness of the world as we know and experience it.

On page 787 of Bertrand Russell's ''History of Western Philosophy'' is a summary, perhaps, of this remark about Hegel's puns: "as a result of analysis of the concept "existence", modern logic has proved this [Cartesianism, refuted by Kant, reinstated by Hegel] argument invalid....."

We know from other places that TRP himself seems to 'not like' Cartesianism. See 'cartesian' citations within this wiki.

==Page 539==

'''a vector quotient''' 
The result of one vector divided by another. According to the English dictionary definition of previous page this is just a Quaternion.

'''unit vector''' 
Unit vector is a vector with magnitude of one. The unit vectors in 3-dimensional space, ''i, j, k'', associated with ''x, y, z'' directions are used in defining a general 3D vector (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 526|page 526:Gibbsian Vectors]]).

'''''square root of minus one''''' 
Imaginary number (Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page 132|page 133:Imaginary Number]]). The imaginary numbers ''i, j, k'' are used in defining a Quaternion (Cf [[ATD_525-556#Page 525|page 525:Quaternions]]).

''''Triangle Asana'''' 
A basic yoga pose.

[http://yoga.org.nz/postures/yoga_positions_images_page.htm Here are images of several basic poses.]

''''Dr Rao abruptly vanished'''' 
Might be a reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Gardner Martin Gardner]'s
[http://www.amazon.com/No-Sided-Professor-Fantasy-Mystery-Philosophy/dp/0879753900 "No-Sided Professor"]

''''Quadrantal Versor Asana'''' 
A triangle pose taken that extra dimension.

'''''"Uwe moer!"''''' 
Looks a lot like the Dutch "Uw moeder!" - a cry of astonishment ("Your mother!"), the equivalent to the black English "yo mama".

'''noncommutative''' 
A term typical to mathematics. A commutative equation is one that can operate in exact reverse and still yield the same results. 'Noncommutative' then suggests unidirectionality. The ability to go from point A to point B, but not from B to A.

'''reticule''' 
A woman's drawstring handbag; usually made of net or beading or brocade; also: A system of lines forming a pattern of squares at the focal plane of a telescope, used in micrometers.
[http://www.astunit.com/tutorials/glossary.htm]
:Isn't that sort of a red herring? "[P]roducing from her reticule a . . . watch" doesn't really allow of that second meaning. 
:It could be a pun, since a reticule/ handbag always shows its pattern of lines, and a watch (timepiece) is drawn from it. Remember that, e.g. railroad lines of tracks, are a sign of industrialism encroaching on the natural and the spiritual.

'''Vacheron & Constantin watch''' 
Made by a Swiss company founded in 1755. From 1819 to 1970 the name was as in the text, then the & dropped out. See the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacheron_Constantin Wikipedia entry.]

'''hunting-case''' 
For a pocket watch, a case with a hinged metal cover. More often called "hunter case" (and such a watch a "hunter").

==Page 540==

'''"haar rekening, ja?"''' 
''Her bill, yes?" (Dutch/Flemish) I.e., give the check to the lady.

Given the presence of Chris 'Kit' Traverse here, this very much suggests a reference to Christopher 'Kit' Marlowe, Elizabethan poet, playwright and contemporary of Shakespeare. Marlowe was stabbed to death in 1593, in murky circumstances, ostensibly over a bill or 'reckoning', though he was widely believed to have been involved in some form of espionage.

Strictly speaking "haar rekening" means that the lady pays for herself only. If Root wanted to make sure that Pléiade pays for the whole company he would have to say "de hele rekening voor de dame".

That is not correct; "haar rekening, ja?" unambiguously means that they are making sure that the entire bill will be for her.

'''Piet Woevre''' 
The Woëvre is a natural region of Lorraine in north-east France. It forms part of Lorraine plateau and lies largely in the department of Meuse. During World War I, there was much fighting there due to vast mineral resources that had been discovered in the Briey basin or Eastern Woevre at the end of the 19th century. "Piet" is Dutch for "rock" or "stone" and is a fairly common Dutch name, the English equivalent being Peter.

Piet doesn't have a meaning as a name in Dutch, it is just a fairly common name and denotes that he is from humble origin (whereas he superior de Decker may be from nobility).

Woevre is not a common name in Flandres. Interestingly the sound reminds one immidiately of Woeste, which is a better know name. Charles Woeste (1837-1922) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Woeste] was a conservative catholic politician in Belgium trying to stop the struggle of the liberation of the Flemish textile workers in Aalst by Priester Daens[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Daens] .

If the surname is pronounced as in Dutch, Woevre is another Pynchon villain with a "V"-name (Vond, Weissman, Vibe).

This is not correct, neither in Dutch nor in French (which would be the language spoken by the upper class in Belgium at that time) is the W pronounced as a V. So it is not a "V"-name.

'''Force Publique''' 
The Force Publique (FP) was the official armed force for what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1885, (when the territory was known as the Congo Free State), through the period of direct Belgian rule (1908-60), until the beginning of the Second Republic in 1965. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_Publique Wikipedia entry]

'''made him reach''' 
Possible allusion to a famous line, "When I hear the word culture I reach for my gun." From Hanns Johst's biographical play ''Schlageter''. The original line is slightly different: "Wenn ich Kultur höre ... entsichere ich meinen Browning," "Whenever I hear of culture... I release the safety-catch of my Browning!" (Act 1, Scene 1). It is spoken by another character in conversation with the young Schlageter. In the scene Schlageter and his wartime comrade Friedrich Thiemann are studying for a college examination, but then start disputing whether it's worthwhile doing so when the nation is not free.

The line is often misattributed to better-known Nazis and others [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanns_Johst].

*In Jean-Luc Godard's 1963 film [http://www.chicagoreader.com/movies/archives/0997/09057.html ''Le Mépris'' (''Contempt'')], Jack Palance's character "Jeremy Prokosch," an American movie-producer, intones to Fritz Lang: "Whenever I hear the word culture, I reach for my checkbook."

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That's_When_I_Reach_For_My_Revolver That's When I Reach for My Revolver] is a song written in the beginning of the 1980ies by Clint Conley of Mission of Burma. It has been covered many times, most prominently by Moby.

'''not unambiguous''' 
Ie, ambiguous.

'''''rastaquoueres''''' 
Social upstarts

'''de Decker''' 
In Dutch/Flemish, the name means "roofer." (''De'' in these names almost never means "of, from" as in French; it's nearly always the definite article.)

The small "d" in "de Decker" denotes that he is from the upper-class, likely nobility. Piet Woevre, on the contrary, is a much more common name.

==Page 541==

'''''bobbejaan''''' 
Afrikaans: baboon. (Afrikaans is the language spoken by descendants of Dutch colonists in present-day South Africa. Some items identified as Dutch or Flemish in this wiki may really be Afrikaans.)

The South African song "Bobbejaan klim die berg" ("Bobbejaan climbed the hill") is the source of the stage name of Belgium's most famous country and western musician, Bobbejaan Schoepen (b. 1925). In 1943 he was suppressed by the Nazis after performing a South African song, "Mamma, 'k wil 'n man hê" ("Mama, I want a man"), which contains the line "No, Mama, I don't want a German, because I don't like pork." He founded the Bobbejaanland theme park in Belgium, where he still lives.

'''MKIV/ODC... Mark Four''' 
This would be the Mark IV Ohmic Drift Compensator ([[ATD 557-587#Page 565|Page 565]]), a key component of the Q-weapon, which "regulates how much light is allowed to enter the silvering of the mirror! Special kind of refraction! Calibrated against imaginary index! Dangerous! Of the essence!'"

'''not part of your remit''' 
Not included in your job description, instructions, authorization. "Remit" (noun) is usually a British usage.

'''''gatkruiper''''' 
Dutch/Flemish: brownnose, ass-kisser.

'''one on her wrist''' 
All the bruises reflect some refinement or artistry except this one, which may have been inflicted crudely.

'''over the day''' 
Title motif?

==Page 542==

'''trans-horizontic''' 
Across the horizon " a screaming comes across the sky"

'''Edmund Whittaker''' 
Edmund Whittaker (1873-1956), an English mathematician. He is best known for his work in numerical analysis. And he contributed widely to applied mathematics, mathematical physics and the theory of special functions. He also worked on celestial mechanics and the history of applied mathermatics and physics. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._T._Whittaker Whittaker]).

The Sir Edmund Whittaker Memorial Prize is awarded every four years by the Edinburgh Mathematical Society to an outstanding young mathematician having a specified connection with Scotland [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Whittaker_Memorial_Prize].

'''louche''' 
The cloudy effect caused by the addition of water to absinthe. Dictionary definition: "of questionable taste or morality; decadent."

'''"Now, with no sensible passage of time, the rooms were resonant with absence."''' 
Cf. [[ATD_397-428#Page_414|page 414]], where Chick Counterfly first encounters the Trespassers at Candlebrow U. ("as if positive expressions of silence and absence were being deployed against him").

'''cheval-glass''' 
Standing mirror in a freestanding vertical frame.

'''as if someone''' 
Sound-cancelling vs opacity-cancelling?

'''"dressing-gown...faceless, armless, attending him"''' 
Not saying this is a deliberate reference by TRP, but this section where Kit appears to see Pliéiade Lafrisée's dressing-gown standing by itself in the moonlight against the window reminds me strongly of a particular image from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Prayer_for_Owen_Meany ''A Prayer for Owen Meany''] by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Irving John Irving]. Without going on forever here, if you know that book, you probably know the image I'm talking about, and it's uncannily similar to this section of ''AtD''...a faceless, armless mannequin holding a dress belonging to the narrator's mother, taken by Owen to be an angel of death. It's a central image in that novel that recurs in various ways.

Isn't there an apparition like this in one of the ghost stories of M.R. James? James (1862-1936) is the British author famous for, among other things, the story ("Casting of the Runes") which was turned into the 1957 horror film "Night of the Demon." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.R._James]

==Page 543==

'''wraith of Pleiade Lafrisee'''

Pleiade manifests one of her not-visible stars. Perhaps this sister has somehow twisted herself on an imaginary axis ala Dr. V. Ganesh Rao.

'''monitory''' 
Warning, giving advice, by extension ominous or menacing.

'''Against....the day....'''
Note: this phrase happens at the exact halfway point of the novel: p.542.3

'''He Who Must Come''' 
The evil-doer who must come might be Adolf Hitler. It would make sense. The implication being that Europe is precipitating into a no-return situation. Capitalism cannot but end in WW2. 
Ah, a lot more and less than capitalism going on here, especially if anyone specific like Hitler is meant.
:When French writers use this phrase (''celui qui doit venir'') they '''do''' mean the Messiah . . . although a few devout quibblers point out that the Messiah has already come. It's rather tiresome Googling the phrase; the first 83 hits definitely refer to Christ and most of them quote the first verses of Matthew 11. But there's also a Camus reference (in English, I think) down at No. 90, if anyone has a JSTOR account:
:links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0361-1299(1985)39%3A4%3C251%3ACFS%22M%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X

Recalls Yeats' 'The Second Coming' once again: "And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?" [http://chumpsofchoice.blogspot.com/2007/05/casino-royale-in-flanders-field.html#c3637134446204467798 ]

What this had *me* thinking of was the aria "Es gibt ein Reich" in the Richard Strauss/Hugo von Hofmannstal opera "Ariadne auf Naxos" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariadne_auf_Naxos]. When Ariadne sings this, in Act II, she has been abandoned by her lover and she awaits the arrival of the god Hermes, who will surely carry her off into The Land of the Dead. A portion of the von Hofmannstal text can be translated as "Soon a herald will come, / Hermes is his name [...] It is you who will save me, / My captive soul freed of this burden of being." Here's some good writing that places the aria in context. [http://www.cs.rice.edu/~ssiyer/minstrels/poems/1680.html ] The opera had its premiere in 1912, but Strauss and von Hofmannstal were *very* much a part of this period. And, of course, Strauss-iana does pop up around here.

'''General Boulanger''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Boulanger Georges Boulanger], French military man, and War Minister in the late 19th century. He was one of those men "on a white horse" that some conservatives looked to, as he urged an attack on Germany and the end of the French Republic with a return to monarchy. He was also notorious for his harsh reprisals against workers' demonstrations. "'Boulangisme'" threatened a coup in 1889, but the general's procrastination brought the crisis to an end. 
In ''The Infernal Machine: A History of Terrorism''
by Matthew Carr, 2007, Boulanger is called the "father" of fascism.

'''what death and what transfiguration''' 
Allusion to Richard Strauss' tone poem "Death and Transfiguration" (''Tod und Verklärung''), premiered in 1890.

'''''"Zeker"''''' 
Dutch: certainly.

'''''dead cert''''' 
Dead certainty, sure thing.

'''Von Schlieffen''' 
Alfred von Schlieffen was the author of a German war plan to win a two-front war against both France and Russia by quickly defeating France before Russian troops could be mobilized. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_Plan Schlieffen Plan] included an attack on France through Belgium, disregarding its neutrality.

'''Wilhelm has offered Leopold part of France, the ancient Duchy of Burgundy''' 
[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr-bg.html History of the duchy.] [http://www.freiburg-madison.de/freiburg_history/1386-1517_The%20Early%20Habsburgs.htm Map,] with portrait of Duke Charles the Rash.

'''lowlands''' 
Title of Pynchon's first published story. Here, ass?

Actually the second published story, being "The Small Rain" the first in '59. And I think it means literally lowlands, as they are below sea level.

The Netherlands and Flandres are known as the Low Lands (Nether/Neder = under, below).

==Page 544==

'''Place d'Armes''' 
Main square of Ostend; literally "drill field".

'''peau de soie''' 
"Skin of silk" A heavy, smooth satin with very fine ribbing; somewhat dull in sheen compared with traditional silk finishes.

'''Krafft-Ebing''' 
Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing, Austro-German psychiatrist and author of ''Psychopathia Sexualis'' (1886), a pioneering study of deviant sexual behavior and fetishism. Coined both ''sadism'' and ''masochism'' as terms for these respective behaviors. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Freiherr_von_Krafft-Ebing Wikipedia entry].

'''toque''' 
Toque here refers to a lady's hat, originally of fur but here in velvet, which is rather like a flattened chef's hat in shape.

Proust: in ''À l'ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs'' the narrator first sees Albertine wearing a toque. There seem to be quite a few Proust themes and references running throughout the novel. Indeed '''Pléiade''' is the French publisher of Proust's works.

'''guipure''' 
Lace trim.

'''midinette''' 
A shopgirl or dressmakers apprentice. A milliner.
These days, mostly used to describe a naive and sentimental young girl

'''Lambic''' 
A distinctive Belgian style of beer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambic Wikipedia]

'''sous''' 

Coins. Originally Roman gold coins, latterly any kind of coin.

Also an old French currency

Specifically small change. She is affecting modesty by claiming that a hat like hers can be had for pennies in any unpretentious shop. In France "sou is used as slang for money, as in ''sans le sou''. 'I'm broke', 'without money'. It is also a slang term for the Canadian cent (standard French, cent)." ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sou Wikipedia])

'''mayonnaise''' 
Brautigan's "Trout Fishing in America" famously ends with the word mayonnaise. [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0395500761&id=rbEjDovfyNMC&pg=RA2-PA111&lpg=RA2-PA111&ots=ELKl5b_6Tx&dq=mayonnaise+trout.fishing&num=100&sig=BiyXRqJXRGrMWbrBNgn8de2kpCo#PRA2-PA112,M1 GoogleBooks]

'''ovoöleaginous''' 
Another Pynchonic word combination, here denoting the two main ingredients of mayonnaise: 1) eggs, and 2) oil. It's not "fecoventilatory collision" as seen in "Vineland," but it's nice.

'''Grenache''' 
Grape commonly used in Rhone Valley wines e.g. Chateauneuf du Pape.

in this case, it refers to a deep, dark shade of red

'''Chantilly''' 

Region north of Paris.

Here the reference is to crème chantilly otherwise known as whipped cream. Chantilly mayonnaise is made by incorporating the beaten egg whites for extra lightness.

'''attainder''' 
Legislative act declaring that a person is guilty of a crime and setting punishment without the benefit of a formal trial. The Constitution forbids the federal government (Article I, Section 9, clause 3) and the state governments (Article I, Section 10, clause 1) from passing bills of attainder.
[www.historycentral.com/Civics/B.html]

''''''Aux armes, citoyens'''''' 
''To arms, citizens'', from the French national anthem, ''La Marseillaise'' (1792). Kit confused La Mayonnaise with La Marseillaise. 
I don't think he's confused - he suspects Pleiade and is making a point ironically. A James-Bondish sort of quip. In fact this whole incident is Bondish and Pleiade is a Bond-type seductress. And let's not forget, Kit is surrounded by Flemings...

Interesting foresight from Thomas Pynchon. The Belgian Federal Elections of June 10th 2007 led to very long and difficult coalition negotiations. Yves Leterme, the leader of the Flemish Christian Deomocratic Party CD&V was the big winner of the elections in Flandres with a very much pro-Flemish programme (some would say, an alomost separatist programme). Mr Leterme encountered enormous difficulty setting up a government and was not popular at all in the southern (French-speaking) part of Belgium. When asked on July 21st 2007 (the Belgian National Holiday) if he knew the Belgian National Hymn in French, he started singing the French National Hymn, The Marseillaise instead of the Belgian National Hymn, The Brabançonne, shocking a large part of the Belgian population. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABTR2Xe_sGw]

'''Louis XV''' 
King of France 1715-1774 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XV].

'''Cléo de Mérode''' 
Glamorous French ballerina (1875-1966), later Follies Bergere dancer and famous beauty. Her reputed intimacy with King Leopold was only a rumor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleo_de_Merode]. The character Madame Leonora Armfeldt in Stephen Sondheim's ''A Little Night Music'' has some features in common with her.

'''Marquise de Pompadour''' 
Mistress of Louis XV,once friend of Voltaire and a power behind official scenes.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour].

'''Neuropathists would recognize in both kings a desire to construct a self-consistent world to live inside, which allows them to continue the great damage they are inflicting on the world the rest of us must live in.'''

Cf. Crime and Punishment

==Page 545==

'''duc de Richelieu''' 
Duc de Richelieu (1696-1788), marshal of France, was a grandnephew of Cardinal Richelieu, and born in Paris. Apart from his reputation as a man of exceptionally loose morals, he attained, in spite of a defective education, distinction as a diplomatist and general. ([http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Louis_Francois_Armand_du_Plessis,_duc_de_Richelieu duc de Richelieu] and cf [[ATD_489-524#Page 490|page 490:duc de Richelieu]])

'''dubious 'victory' in 1756''' 
As part of the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), duc de Richelieu (1696-1788), a Marshal of France, won a victory in the Battle of Minorca (May 20, 1756) over John Byng (1704-1757), a British Admiral. In spring of 1756 John Byng was sent with a small and undermanned fleet to relieve the British ''Port Mahon'' on the Mediterranean island of Minorca. During the battle ensued, several British ships were badly damaged by the French squadron while others, including Byng's flagship, were still out of effective firing range. Instead of engaging the enemy directly, Byng decided to keep the formation, allowing the French fleet to get away undamaged. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Minorca Battle of Minorca]).

'''the ill-fated Admiral Byng''' 
John Byng, convicted by court-martial of failure "to do his utmost" in the battle, shot in 1757. Remembered because of (1) his being the last officer of flag rank to be put to death for conduct in battle and (2) Voltaire's gag in ''Candide:'' "In this country it is good to kill an admiral from time to time in order to encourage the others."

'''cantharides''' 
"Spanish fly," contact irritant sometimes ill-advisedly used as aphrodisiac.

'''Sadean''' 
Pertaining to the Marquis de Sade. The acts the chef performs on the egg and oil have the same names as acts of Sadean sex.

'''''n'est-ce pas?''''' 
Right? (Isn't that so?)

'''vetiver''' 
A grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) of tropical India, cultivated for its aromatic roots that yield an oil used in perfumery.
[www.answers.com/topic/vetiver]. So, a perfume with, llterallly, roots in India.

Vetiver makes frequent appearances throughout ''À la recherche du temps perdu.''

'''pip''' 
A beaut; in current parlance, a hottie.

'''Q.P. system''' 
Quaternion Probability, page 536.

'''Usine Régionale''' 
French: as translated in the text.

Actually, this is not proper French at all! Regional Mayonnaise Works should translate as "Usine Régionale de Mayonnaise" or, even better "Fabrique Régionale de Mayonnaise". "Usine ''à la'' mayonnaise" means mayo flavored factory, which makes no sense at all... or does it?

==Page 546==

'''disjunctive effects of thunderstorms''' 
Folk wisdom says a thunderstorm will cause mayonnaise to separate (oil from yolks).

'''cottonseed oil'''

Mayonnaise like Smegmo and Crisco is a hydrogenated fat; cottonseed oil is a common factor to all three. Indeed, the name Crisco derives from the intial sounds of "'''crys'''tallized '''c'''ottonseed '''o'''il". Note in the next few pages a mention of Candlebrow -- underscoring a tie-in between Mayonnaise and Smegmo.
[http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:ATD_525-556 Discussion]

'''lounge suit''' 
A lounge suit is another name for business suit consisting of a matching jacket and trousers or skirt.

'''congress shoes''' 
ankle high shoes with elastic gussets in the sides (wordweb online)

'''invisible hand'''

Suggestive of Adam Smith's metaphor for market forces in economics.

'''dripping-heads''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayonnaise To make mayonnaise,] beat together egg yolks, salt, mustard and vinegar, then drip in oil while beating to form the emulsion. If you scale the process up for industrial production, you will automate the introduction of the oil, using nozzles that release it a drop at a time—but in a large vat you can have many such nozzles.

'''''cuves d'agitation''''' 
Vat or tank in which the mayonnaise is agitated or beaten.

'''Clinique d'Urgence pour Sauvetage des Sauces''' 
French: Emergency Clinic for Salvage of Sauces.

If I were to nitpick (which I always do when it comes to my mother tongue), I would point out that it should read Clinique d'Urgence pour '''le''' Sauvetage des Sauces (i.e.: Emergency Clinic for '''the''' Salvage of Sauces).

Pynchon is having fun here. The simple way to "save" a mayonnaise is to add a spoonful of water.

'''Mayonnaise!''' 
This scene reminds one of the famous scene in the Tricatel factory in the French movie "l'Aile ou la cuisse" with Louis de Funes and Coluche. [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0074103/]. Charles Duchemin (Louis de Funes) is a famous restaurant critic in a struggle with the industrial food producer Jacques Tricatel (Julien Guiomar). During the movie Charles Duchemin ends with his son Gerard (Coluche) in the Tricatel factory to discover how this food is being made. The factory has no visible workers, but Tricatel discovers them and tries to get them killed. The end up in giant pastries, tanks of thick sauses etc.

==Page 547==

'''' ...engulfed in thick, slick, sour-smelling mayonnaise. ''''
The whole Kit's experience in the mayonnaise factory is very much reminiscent to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Dahl Roald Dahl]'s [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory Charlie and the Chocolate Factory].

'''''Cazzo, cretino''''' 
Literally, "Dick, cretin." ''Cazzo'' is a common Italian interjectionary obscenity, especially in the south. "Cazzo, cretino," is akin to someone saying, "Well shit, dummy," or "F-ing moron!"

'''''È il cowboy!''''' 
Italian: It's the cowboy!

'''''vero?''''' 
true? real?

'''''Le bambole anarchiste, porca miseria''''' 
Italian: Anarchist babes, oh boy.

'''Oudenberg''' 
A southeast suburb of Ostende.

'''Quai de l'Entrepôt''' 
Warehouse Quay

'''''ragazzi''''' 
Italian: boys, guys.

==Page 548==

'''General Boulanger''' 
That the General was 'reactionary' and that the C of C bureaucracy had a 'defiant residue' of Boulangism, continues the characterization of the organization for which the Chums 'work'. 
See p. 543 above, regarding a 2007 book in which Boulanger is called the 'father of fascism'.

'''''timbres fictifs''''' 
French: fictive postage stamps. Cf "Lot 49". 
Yes, stamps mean something in Pynchon's works; here, it seems important that these stamps are characterized as frauds.

'''"IIIb"''' 
As explained in the text. 
"Section IIIB (Intelligence) of the German High Command. After WWI, was funded by Alfred Hugenberg (financial backer of Nazi party)". From ''Sabotage'' by Sayers & Kahn, 1942.[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22IIIB%27+%2B+INTELLIGENCE&btnG=Search]. The authors state in the Forward, in 1942, "that 'Nazi Germany' is the creation of spies and saboteurs". See ''V.'' & ''Gravity's Rainbow'', of course.

'''Germany might stand a better chance...''' 
That is, if the French were to push into Alsace (per Boulanger) as the Germans executed the Schlieffen Plan [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_plan] for the encirclement of Paris, it would put the French at an even greater disadvantage...as actually happened in 1914. Had the Belgians and British not delayed the Germans in Flanders, and had the French railroads not performed speedily to bring the French troops back to the Marne, World War I could have had a very different outcome...an alternate history.

'''revanchist''' 
Policies based on revenge, or a person following such policies. In General Boulanger's case, revenge against Germany for the Franco-Prussian War (that is, retaking Alsace, lost in 1871).

'''the somewhat discomposed General''' 
Having died in 1891, the General by the time of the action is certainly somewhat '''de'''composed; brief biographies do not suggest he was ''non compos mentis,'' that is, mentally discomposed.

==Page 549==
'''grow more and more invisible''' 
What could be meant? Clearly, they inhabit bodies that people interact with?, as well as being characters in works of fiction. 
Given what happens with the Chums as the story progresses [Spoiler bit, thematically], I suggest that their invisibility here
means the entering of simple human life, to live out their lives 'anonymously' in history. I want to suggest this is largely a positive vision, indicated in other ways and places as well in TRPs work. Here is an overt bit of circumstantial evidence from Pynchon's introduction to Jim Dodge's novel ''Stone Junction'': 
"Equally difficult for those who might wish to proceed through life
anonymously and without trace has been the continuing assault against
the once-reliable refuge of the cash or non-plastic economy." [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_stone.html]

'''cackled Darby''' 
(When did he lose his innocence?)

'''a modification of any salsician metaphor toward the diminutive''' 
Salsician: pertaining to sausage. Lindsay says Suckling's penis is better compared to a wiener than a knockwurst.

'''"Why you little–and I do mean 'little'–"''' 
Another Simpsons reference?

Noseworth, the Master-At-Arms of the Chums division of this organization with a defiant residue of 'fascism', who had no smell to Pugnax early on,
is called out, either for real or in a sex-bashing putdown, for homosexuality. cf. homosexuality as a metaphor in ''Gravity's Rainbow''.

'''dunes between Nieuport and Dunkirk''' 
Nieuport is a Belgian seaport about 10 miles southwest of Ostend. Dunkirk is a French port (less than 10 miles inside the French border) about 20 miles southwest of Nieuport. The latter was a site of one of the bloodest battle in World War I. The general area between Niewport and Dunkirk was the well traversed battle fields of two world wars. (Dunkirk was (in)famous for the British Army's escape from the Nazi German's assault in World War II.)

'''power-receivers''' 
Not information, energy.

==Page 550==

'''Lot's wife''' 
Angels of God led Lot and his family out of Sodom as it was being destroyed and told them not to look back at the mayhem. Lot's wife, Edith, imprudently looked back and was transfigured into a pillar of salt.

'''preference...for interiors''' 
In [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361 Mason & Dixon, p. 354]
, the interiors of some coaches were larger than their exterior dimensions. Interiors have importance in Pynchon's worldview. Cf. "invisibility", and a 'human life' above. 

'''Italian grotto''' 
an imitating recess or structure made to resemble a natural Italian grotto.

'''a highly developed taste, moreover, for human blood''' 
Since Pugnax developed this taste in the Carpathians, home of Castle Dracula, this seems a clear reference to Bram Stoker's novel.

'''Carpathians''' 
Major mountain range running northwest-southeast through Poland, Slovakia, western Ukraine and Romania.

'''Uhlans''' 
Uhlan regiments belonged to the light cavalry. They wore splendid uniforms (model for some U.S. marching band uniforms). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhlan Wikipedia article.]

'''Temesvár''' 
Now Timişoara, extreme western Romania.

==Page 551==
'''prefiguration...of the holy City''' 
City of God, ala Augustine? ''The Heavenly City of the 18th Century Philosophers''[http://www.amazon.com/Heavenly-City-Eighteenth-Century-Philosophers/dp/0300101503]
, as explored in the book Ian McEwan says he lent Pynchon? [citation needed] 

'''...separated by only a slice of Time...''' 
Miles is beginning to experience Time almost as a spatial dimension, his personal vector as traversing (!) 4-dimensional space, or perhaps multidimensional space, the mathematics for which is being debated in Ostend.

'''securing the mess decks''' 
The Chums follow U.S. Navy idiom in orders (frequently prefixed with "Now") and shipboard activities ("secure" meaning "whatever you did before, undo it now," in this case put away the dishes and fold up the tables).

'''Ryder Thorn''' 
Tolkienesque name? Or perhaps it's a nod to the Ryder-Waite Tarot deck and to Kevin Thorn (Kevin Matthew Fertig, 1977-), the American professional wrestler better known by his ring name Kevin Thorn who is currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment wrestling on its ECW brand. He has appeared in vigniettes with Ariel (Shelly Martinez, 1980-), the tarot card reader, who spits blood at the camera while she "predicted the future of ECW." Yup, a stretch...

*The name also evokes the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.

'''He was at Candlebrow.''' 
Presumably a 'trespasser.'

'''the four-note chord in the context of timelessness''' 
A melody is formed by notes following one another in time; a chord on the ukulele violates that practice by having all the notes sound at once. A really clever little passage.
Note: Jazz musicians describe musical improvisations as horizontal (with the melody) or vertical (with the chord). <blockquote>Actually, the words are used by all trained musicians to describe any music. The passage is quite profound and an indication (beyond the pervasive and—amazing!—correctly used references to musical terms) of how thoughtful Pynchon is on the subject. Briefly, there is a time paradox in the very nature of music in that a single tone tends to represent for us stasis or "timelessness" (like a three-dimensional object, which it is—or rather a series of rapidly expanding spheres of differential air pressure that register with our ears as they pass and are interpreted by our brains as one thing as long as the rate remains constant). Yet, as a phenomenon of vibration, this apparent timelessness can only exist in time. A sense of time in our musical understanding comes from a succession of tones (melody), but even in that case, we seem to perceive a single "thing" undergoing change—what musicians call the "horizontal" more resembling motion of an object in three-dimensional space. Chords (the "vertical") are implicit in the overtones (partials, or whole-number-fractional vibrations) of a single tone, and the implicit hierarchy of relationships among the overtones can be extrapolated by giving each of them its own chord, based on its own partials. In psychological space, these tend to seem like objects that displace one another, or if time is thought of as a fourth dimension, they sit "next" to each other in time. If anything is clear from the foregoing, one hopes it is that the "horizontal" and the "vertical" are completely interwoven. This may remind some of space-time itself, and to strain at a metaphor, it is perhaps no accident that like quaternions, music is not normally commutative. (Some of the otherworldly—crystalline?—beauty of Webern's music is due to its being intentionally constructed such that it does "work" in both directions.) [[User:Dezama125|Dezama125]] 17:36, 15 October 2009 (PDT)</blockquote>

References to ukuleles and Hawaii and its culture abound in Pynchon's novels [http://vineland.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=The_Hawaiian_Islands_and_Ukuleles ''Vineland''] and [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=The_Hawaiian_Islands_and_Ukuleles ''Gravity's Rainbow'']. [[Hawaii|More on Hawaii & ukulele references in ''Against the Day'']]...

==Page 552==

'''the widespread contempt in which ukulele players are held''' 
Cf. Tiny Tim, of "Tiptoe through the Tulips" fame?

'''knuckle-duster''' 
Brass knuckles.

'''Diksmuide''' 
20 kilometers south of Ostend (about halfway to Ypres).

==Page 553==

'''The terrain was flat...lowlands''' 
Not, this time, a reference to Pynchon's ''Lowlands'', but to the two-dimensionality of Flanders, as in Edwin A. Abbott's ''Flatland'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatland]; most humans, like the inhabitants of Flanders and Abbott's Flatlanders, experience life in two dimensions.

'''Somewhere up in the sky was Miles' home...''' 
Whereas Miles and the Chums of Chance, in contrast, live in three dimensions. The mathematicians gathered in Ostend are trying to calculate how to experience and use vectors to live in four dimensions; in a way, to experience Time as a kind of spatial dimension. Miles, on P. 551, is demonstrating the beginnings of an intuitive discovery of how to experience Time as an almost spatial dimension. Which would be a sort of "time travel", or at least an expanded view of life and history.

'''retted''' 
soaked in water or exposed to moisture (as flax or hemp) to facilitate the removal of the fiber from the woody tissue by partial rotting.

==Page 554==

'''Ypres and Menin''' 
Municipalities in West Flanders that were sites of some of the bloodiest battles of WWI. At the beginning of the war, the British and Belgian stand helped save Paris from encirclement by the Germans, and saved the Channel ports, but as Thorn points out, the area became the western anchor of the Western Front trench system. The several Battles of Ypres saw the first uses of poison gas (Mustard Gas, dichlorodiethylsulfide, was first called Yperite), the use of enormous mines, and the legendary mud of Passchendaele [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passchendaele].

'''Ten years from now''' 
(1914?) through 1918? and beyond?. Another paramorphic mirror--what do we now face. Whatever it is, it is nuclear.

'''Bosch''' 
Hieronymous Bosch (1450-1516), Dutch painter of nightmares. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronymus_Bosch Wikipedia entry].

'''Brueghel''' 
Pieter Brueghel the Elder(1525-1569), Flemish painter.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Brueghel_the_Elder Wikipedia entry].

'''League''' 
League of Nations? The League of Nations was formed after WWI to prevent future wars. Didn't succeed.

No. In this case a historical unit of length, approximately three miles -

No, again; a league here is an association of people joined by common interests and "League on league" means tremendous masses of people.

'''where the needles went and which way to rotate them''' 
I.e., how to push Thorn's buttons; the image is from acupuncture.

==Page 555==

'''simpletons at the fair''' 
Making Pynchon's metaphor explicit.

'''Chopin E-minor Nocturne''' 
Frédéric Chopin (1810-49), a Polish pianist and composer ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin Chopin]). He was born in Warsaw, Poland to a Polish morther and a French father. He went to Paris at the age of 20 and died there at the age of 39. He was widely regarded as one of the most famous and influential composers for the piano. From 1837-47 he had a 10-year stormy relationship with the French writer George Sand. His E-minor Nocturne is a 4-minute long Romantic style piano solo composed in 1827. (A ''nocturne'' is usually a musical composition that is inspired by, or evocative of, the night [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturne Nocturne].)

'''owl-light''' 
???glimmering or imperfect light or twilight hours.

''''plasmic hysteresis'''' 

A coined term, apparently similar in meaning to Miles’ phrase “failure of physical translation.” Plasma would take an older meaning of “form” or “shape." Hysteresis, according to Webster's, refers to “a retardation in effect when the forces on an object are changed.” Hysteresis is used to describe magnetic phenomenon as well as plastic or elastic materials, that involve changes to a rest state that last beyond the forces that cause them. Examples include recordings on magnetic tape or a thumbprint slowly disappearing from putty. In the context of this passage, plasmic hysteresis appears to describe the lingering visage of someone who is no longer present – a hysteresis of form only and thus a failed physical translation. See [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=plasma&searchmode=none etymology of plasma] and this nifty explanation of [http://www.lassp.cornell.edu/sethna/hysteresis/WhatIsHysteresis.html hysteresis].

Hysteresis has also been used to refer to “loops” in time, certainly apropos in this case. I stumbled across an excellent example in a 1980 episode of Dr. Who, in which the eponymous Dr. is trapped in “chronic hysteresis,” an endless loop or return to a previous
point in time – very similar to the situation of Ryder Thorn. [http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_5q.htm Check it out for yourself!]

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 489-524

2010-08-27T23:26:23Z

Bangorang: /* Page 523 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 489==

'''Neville . . . Nigel''' 
Lew's rescuers after the attempt to blow him up in Colorado, page 185. These two characters remind one of Looney Tunes Goofy Gophers.

'''stage left or audience left?''' 
A theater has two directions called left. "Stage left" is to the left of the performers as they face the audience. "House left" or "audience left" is to the left of an audience member facing the stage.

'''desolate sighs''' 
(They're not gay?)

'''embryo Apostlet''' 
The Cambridge Apostles, also known as the Cambridge Conversazione Society, is an elite intellectual secret society at Cambridge University, founded in 1820 by George Tomlinson, a Cambridge student who went on to become the Bishop of Gibraltar. Undergraduates being considered for membership are called "embryos" and are invited to "embryo parties," where members judge whether the student should be invited to join. "-let" is a common suffix that denotes smallness or youth, like droplet (small drop) or piglet or eyelet &c &c..., thus, a young Apostle. [[Cambridge Apostles|More on the Cambridge Apostles and the Cambridge spy ring...]]

'''Cyprian Latewood''' 
The name connects the character to the Greek demigod Orpheus. When Cyprian arrives, with Reef and Yashmeen, at the convent in the Balkans (Thrace) ([[ATD_946-975#Page 956|p. 956]]), he is greeted with "Welcome home." Thrace was the birthplace of Orpheus.

'''"Cyprian":''' 
:After Orpheus loses Eurydice forever by turning to see if she's still following him out of the underworld, he never loves another woman, turning instead to young boys. One of Greek god Apollo's beloved boys, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyparissus Cyparissus], loves a beautiful tame stag that he accidentally kills with a spear. In his grief, Apollo turns him into a cypress tree. The Cypress was one of the trees Orpheus charmed with song, according to [[Cyprian Latewood|Ovid in his ''Metamorphoses'']].

'''"Latewood":''' 
:The "late wood" is the outer portion of the growth ring on a tree, more dense than the "early wood" which appears early in the growing season, appearing later in the season, usually summer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_ring Wikipedia entry]. The tree connection is strong. It was said that Orpheus could even charm the trees, and Rilke (who figures prominently in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow'']) in the first of his ''Sonnets to Orpheus'', begins:

::Tree arising! O pure ascendance!
::Orpheus Sings! Towering tree within the ear!
::Everywhere stillness, yet in this abeyance:
::seeds of change and new beginnings near.

[[Cyprian Latewood|More about this connection...]]

All very interesting, but let's not forget the obvious:
'the Cyprian' in classical literature is a standard name for Aphrodite/Venus, goddess of love, because she was born in Cyprus, from the waves, as in the famous picture by Botticelli that plays a role in 'V' ('She hangs on the Western Wall'). 
And so, by association, 'a follower of Aphrodite', and in later usage, according to Webster, a prostitute.

:if we were looking for yet another sexual innuendo, it would be interesting to note that the French word "cyprine" (the pronounciation of which is very similar to "Cyprian") describes the vaginal secretions that occur during the period of sexual arousal. The origin of this word can be traced back to the explanation above (i.e. Aphrodite). As for Late''wood'', well, that's kind of self-explanatory, no?

'''sod''' 
Common use; short for ''sodomite.''

'''Eastern wog''' 
Cf p222.

'''The German Sea''' 
A public house; the name occurs again with a different meaning at the end of this chapter.

'''sub-Clerkenwell''' 
Clerkenwell is a neighborhood in London that has a reputation for producing the highest quality of watches, clocks and jewellery. A sub-Clerkenwell trinket would be a poorly made trinket

'''annoyance''' 
(Why?)
:the other's penis seemed larger than one's own?
::Annoyance not because of the penises but because they are rivals. Lethargic not because of the penises but because they aren't getting anywhere in their courtship. Finally, "each regarding the other's penis" because even straight men can't deny that that's one of the things they look at in the steamroom.

Note that ''annoyance'' is a synonym for ''inconvenience''.

==Page 490==

'''gyps''' 
A gyp is a college servant, whose office is that of a gentleman's valet, waiting on two or more collegians in the University of Cambridge. He differs from a bed-maker, inasmuch as he does not make beds; but he runs on errands, waits at table, wakes men for morning chapel, brushes their clothes, and so on. His perquisites are innumerable, and he is called a "gyp" (Greek: vulture) because he preys upon his employer like a vulture. At Oxford they are called scouts. [http://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/brewers/gyp.html]

[[image:ByronsPool.jpg|thumb|Byron's Pool|100px|right]]'''Byron's Pool''' 
A conservation area in Cambridge. The pool is named after the romantic poet Lord Byron, who is believed to have enjoyed swimming there. Byron studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, starting in 1805.

'''"Div!"''' 
Probably short for "divine!" Of course, if these kids were Vectorists they would be aware of the double ''entendre'' with the '''div''' (divergence) operator.

'''"Whizzo!"''' 
An early-twentieth century English slang expression of delight. Uttered earlier, by Neville or Nigel, on introducing Lew to the Tarot deck, page 186.

'''''"That'' is that of which ''I'' speak!"''' 
prob. homosexuality. cf. "I am the Love that dare not speak its name." -- Lord Alfred Douglas's poem 'Two Loves' in ''Chameleon'' ca. 1896.

Made more famous as an utterance by Oscar Wilde during his trial for sodomy. His response: '"The Love that dare not speak its name" in this century is such a great affection of an elder for a younger man as there was between David and Jonathan, such as Plato made the very basis of his philosophy, and such as you find in the sonnets of Michelangelo and Shakespeare.[...]. It is intellectual, and it repeatedly exists between an elder and a younger man, when the elder man has intellect, and the younger man has all the joy, hope and glamour of life before him."

: This seems wrong, given the typical Pynchon scene of males ogling/desiring women. There is no homosexuality invloved with these guys
but a "'range' [again] of remarks" and 'all-night rhapsodizing' over the beauty of naked women. This line "That, etc." seems more likely a comic spin on a famous line which we know Pynchon has alluded to before [V.]: Wittgenstein's "whereof I can not speak, thereof I must remain silent" from the Tractatus. He could NOT not speak of their nakedness.

This whole scene is reminiscent, perhaps, of the biblically famous Susannah and the Elders, where she, too, is watched appreciatively bathing. Wallace Stevens, among others, has a famous poem about it.

::All this about homosexuality is useful knowledge, but (a) the men here are motivated by lust directed at ''women'' and (b) this is among the "catchphrases of [a] day" when Oscar Wilde's love could not yet even speak its name. "''That'' is that of which ''I'' speak!" is a Pynchon trick, taking a 20th-21st century expression and paramorphically projecting it back in time. At the university it was upper-class and refined; today it has become a vulgarism, "That's what I'm talkin' about!" Other examples: "high susceptibility to primordial variables," page 801 (today "extreme sensitivity to initial conditions"); "as cheerful as a finch," page 21 ("as happy as a lark").

Exactly as in the last paragraph, a poke at the currently colloquial:
"That's what I'm talkin' about!"

'''Cloisters Court''' 
Cloisters Court, part of Girton College, Cambridge University.

'''King's''' 
King's College, Cambridge University.

'''Queen Anne's Gate''' 
Some part of the British Home Office is, or was, located in the London (Westminster) street named Queen Anne's Gate.
: According to Wikipedia the British Home Office resided there from 1978 to 2004, so this is unlikely. Since the 1860's until recently, however, parts of the British secret service had their offices at Queen Anne's Gate - the context suggests that the N's report to that.

'''inconvenience''' 
Not sure what connection Pynchon is making here, but the word inconvenience could not come up accidentally in this novel.

True enough. The word seems to keep cropping up, too, but nonchalantly. By this point in the novel, I had already been kicking myself for not circling every prior use of the word.

For what it's worth, one of my Google searches for "inconvenience" yielded this bit of Pynchon-worthy information:

:John Evelyn, one of members of the Invisible College (the group that founded the Royal Society of the United Kingdom), published one of the first books on pre-industrial air pollution in 1661, '''''Fumufugium''': or, The Inconvience of the Aer, and Smoak of London Dissipated''.

:The first two paragraphs of Part I:

:It is not without some considerable ''Analogy'', that sundry of the ''Philosophers'' have named the ''Aer'' the ''Vehicle of the Soul'', as well as that of the Earth, and this frail Vessell of ours which contains it; since we all of us finde the benefit which we derive from it, not onely for the necessity of Respiration and functions of the Organs; but likewise for the use of the ''Spirits'' and ''Primigene Humors'', which doe most neerly approach that Divine particle. But we shall not need to insist, or refine much on this sublime Subject; and, perhaps, it might scandalize scrupulous Persons to pursue to the height it may possibly reach (as ''Diogenes'' and ''Anaximenes'' were wont to ''Deifie'' it) after we are past the ''Aetherial'', which is a certain ''Aer'' of ''Plato's'' denomination, as well as that of the lesse pure, more turbulent and dense, which, for the most part, we live and breath in, and which comes here to be examined as it relates to the design in hand, the City of ''London'', and the environs about it.

:It would doubtlesse be esteemed for a strange and extravagant ''Paradox'', that one should affirme, that the ''Aer'' itself is many times a potent and great disposer to ''Rebellion'' [note JE's book was printed right after Prince Charles' restoration]; and that ''Insulary people'', and indeed, most of the ''Septentrion Tracts'', where this ''Medium'' is grosse and heavy, are extremely versatile and obnoxious to change both in Religious and Secular Affaires: Plant the Foote of your Compasses on the very ''Pole'', and extend the other limb to 50 ''degrees of Latitude'': bring it about 'till it describe the Circle, and then reade the Histories of those Nations inclusively, and make the Calculation.

'''Newnham''' 
An all-women's college at Cambridge, founded in 1871.

'''Wrangleresses''' 
Made-up: top female Math Scholars at Cambridge. Top students were called Wranglers, all male at this time. "Cambridge University and within it of the Mathematics Tripos, the competitive graduation examination process that ranked candidates in order of “Wrangler”" ...

'''Phillippa Fawcett''' 
Typo, should be Philippa Fawcett (1868-1948). She was educated at Newnham College, Cambridge. In 1890, she was the first woman to score the highest mark at Mathematics Tripos at Cambridge. She served as a College Lecturer in mathematics at Newnham College for 10 years. [http://www.agnesscott.edu/Lriddle/WOMEN/fawcett.htm]

'''Grace Chisholm and Will Young''' 
Grace Chisholm (1868-1944), an English mathematician. She went to Girton College, Cambridge in 1889 to study mathematics. Since no women were accepted to graduate schools in England, after graduation She went to the University of Göttingen to continue her mathematics education and received her PhD there in 1895. The following year she married William Young (1863-1942), one of her tutors at Girton and also a mathematician. (''romances with one's tutors à la . . .'') Grace Chisholm and Will Young formed a mathematical married partnetship of real significance. Husband and wife played a major role in set theory research. Between them they wrote 214 mathematical articles and several books, including one on geometry and one on set theory. [http://www.agnesscott.edu/LRIDDLE/WOMEN/young.htm Grace Chisholm] and [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Young.html William Young].

'''nautch-girl''' 
The nautch girl was an Indian traditional dancer in Hindu temple or court performing ritual and religious dances. Her costume generally was of bright color. Pynchon probably refered to Yahsmeen's beautiful but exotic, extraordinary look and poise.
[[http://www.hitchams.suffolk.sch.uk/india_art/starter/nautch_girls.htm nautch girl]].

And then, through the medium of carnivals, she became an exotic dancer. This whole phrase "nautch-girl extravagance of looks and self-possession" refers to the sense of dominance the stripper feels over the yawps in the audience. Which figures in the key scene of the musical ''Gypsy'' (1959, book by Arthur Laurents, music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim).
And an [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|annotation to p. 125]] ("red as a cursed ruby") points to a weird ''AtD'' nautch girl connection.

'''socio-acrobatic aggrandizement''' 
'social climbing'

'''''opium beer''''' 
laudanum?, if not literally.

'''duc de Richelieu''' 
Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (September 9, 1585 – December 4, 1642), was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman.

Consecrated as a bishop in 1607, he later entered politics, becoming a Secretary of State in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Church and the state, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642;
from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Wikipedia].

:Wrong Richelieu. The duke in question won his big battle at Mahon in 1756. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois_Armand_du_Plessis%2C_duc_de_Richelieu Here's the Wikipedia link for the right one.]

'''Line and staff''' 
Cyprian's father sees his work in the City as analogous to the profession of arms. Officers in the British and most other armies of the time were classified as "line," those commanding troops, and "staff," those performing administrative and planning functions.

==Page 491==

'''the City''' 
Major banks and other big-money institutions are located in the City of London, a fairly small subset of Metropolitan London.

'''can't ''ever'' tell''' 
Dog-eat-dog capitalism?

'''Reginald "Ratty" McHugh''' 

'''"fifteen years later'''
Reginald nodded appreciatively FIFTEEN YEARS OR SO LATER?...What is going
on here time-wise? 
All the conversation before this line, between Cyprian and his father, is "recalled", having taken place some "fifteen years or so" earlier.

'''one more flag''' 
IE, his father's wallpaper brand.

'''Balkan Sobranies''' 
An upscale brand of cigarette.

'''lilies-and-lassitude humor of the '90s''' 
Cult of Oscar Wilde?
Aubrey Beardsley and the pre-Raphaelites? 
More generally, the 'Aesthetes', not the same as the Pre-Raphaelites. People like Wilde. In Gilbert and Sullivan's 'Patience' the Wilde-like character is described as follows:

Though the Philistines may jostle, 
you will rank as an apostle 
in the high aesthetic band, 
If you walk down Piccadilly 
with a poppy or a lily 
in your medieval hand. 

And ev'ryone will say, 
As you walk your flow'ry way, 
"If he's content with a vegetable love 
which would certainly not suit me, 
Why, what a most particularly pure young man 
this pure young man must be!" 

'''table d'hôte''' 
French: host's table. In a restaurant, a meal chosen by the management, no substitutions please. If the appetizer is shrimp and you don't like shrimp, then don't eat the appetizer.

'''Very well, I contradict myself.''' 
Walt Whitman allusion. See Leaves of Grass. Next line in ADT affirms this.

==Page 492==

'''divine . . . prosaic''' 
(Walt Whitman was of course prosaic himself before he became divine.)

'''xanthocroid''' 
Prefix xantho- is from Greek and means yellow. Does the whole word mean "yellow-haired"? Yes, i.e. blondes.

'''Capsheaf''' 
Is this a third speaker, or another name for Ratty? Third speaker. Ratty puts in some words a little bit down the page.

In mathematics, a sheaf is the basic tool for expressing relationships between small regions of a space and large regions. Beginning with a topological space X, a sheaf assigns to every region (technically, open set) U of X some data F(U), such as a set, a group, or a ring. Often these data are a collection of geometric objects defined on that region, such as functions, vector fields, or differential forms. The data can be restricted to smaller regions, and compatible collections of data can be glued to give data over larger regions. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheaf_%28mathematics%29 wikipedia entry]

'''viva''' 
Slangy short form of ''viva voce,'' an oral examination.

'''Crayke''' 
Crayke is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England, about two miles east of Easingwold. Relevant?

Also, "crake" designates various species in the family [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crake Rallidae], which also includes rails, coots, gallinules, and swamphens. Crakes and rails generally are medium-sized, ground-dwelling birds, with adaptations of the foot suited to wetlands.

'''spot of audit''' 
[http://www.andrewcusack.com/blog/2006/12/drink_audit_ale.php Audit ale,] a strong ale served on a few special days. Some colleges at British universities brew their own or contract it out.

'''Shetland''' 
Shetland Islands, an island group northeast of the Orkney Islands, comprising a county of Scotland.

'''Shetland ponies''' 
one of a breed of small but sturdy, rough-coated ponies raised originally in the Shetland Islands.

'''''D'accord''''' 
French: right, OK.

'''reputation for viciousness''' 
The Shetland pony breed has a repuation for viciousness, even if this reputation isn't entirely accurate.

'''Arab''' 
Arabian hourse. One of a breed of horses, raised originally in Arabia and adjacent countries, noted for their intellegence, grace, and speed.

'''Thoroughbred''' 
One of a breed of horses, to which all race horse belong, originally developed in England by crossing Arbian stallions with European mares.

'''croft''' 
Farm.

'''Mainland''' 
The name of one of the 29 inhabited islands in the Shetland Islands, Scotland, UK. It is the largest island in Shetland Islands, the third largest in Great Britian.

'''Mavis Grind''' 
A narrow isthmus joining the Northmavine peninsula to the rest of Mainland in the Shetland Islands, UK. The name means "gate of the narrow isthmus" in the local dialect. Mavis Grind is said to be the only place in the UK where you can toss a stone across land from the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

'''orthopædic journals''' 
Both prof and pony have to do some twisting in order to get the act done. Their skeletal disorders will, erhhm, ''spur'' the interest of orthopædists. Especially if she kicks.

'''Dymphna''' 
After [http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/saintd01.htm St. Dymphna,] whose intercession is effective against insanity, possession and epilepsy. Her shrine at Gheel, Belgium, has since the 11th century been a refuge for persons with mental illness and intellectual disability. The afflicted wealthy went to the shrine to be cured; they were boarded with townspeople, beginning a tradition of adult foster care for persons with mental illness which continues to this day; Gheel is a designated state psychiatric hospital center, at which all the patients live in foster family homes.

'''decks full of hearts''' 
(52 or 13 per deck?)

==Page 493==

'''Thucydides... remind me''' 
Thucydides' book is an account of the Peloponnesian war, organized in a rather difficult method in which all the actions of one season are described before proceeding to the next. Here are some erotic possibilities in it, however: 
-Pericles, in his famous funeral oration, says the citizen ought to have an eros for the city. 
-At one point some Athenians are lured out of a garrison by way of a gymnastic (that is male, nude) demonstration. 
-On the eve of the fateful Sicilian expedition, all the oversized phalloi of the hermes are mysteriously knocked off. One of the generals on the expedition, Alcibiades, is accused of the offense and is eventually called called back. In Plato's Symposium Alcibiades drunkenly crashes the party and confesses that Socrates has consistently spurned his sexual advances.

In this context, Thucydides is proposed specifically for its non-erotic qualities. In writing his histories, Thucydides attempted to produce a clinical account of the Peloponnesian war without the passion and inaccuracies of previous histories, such as those of Herodotus. Indeed it is hard to imagine a less erotic work. It is suggested for Cyprian Latewood to help him get over his infatuation with Yashmeen.

'''McHugh''' 
Talking to self?

'''''Peeng''-kyeah''' 
Pinky, name given to Yashmeen by the blonde girls, Lorelei, Noellyn an Faun.

'''alfresceehwh''' 
An alfresco, an outdoor gathering. ''-eehwh'' is a rendering of the accent for comic effect.

'''Lorelei, Noellyn, and Faun''' 
Lorelei, more frequently "Loreley": In a famous German myth, a mermaid sitting on a rock by the river Rhine. The rock itself is also named Loreley. With her song, she bewitches the captains of passing ships, who then steer into the rock. The syllable "Ley" derives from a Celtic word for "stone".

Faun: Faunus, the Roman god of fertility, also responsible for nightmares. Fauns are also the Romans counterparts of the Greek "satyrs", followers of Dionysos. Faunus is playing a flute, another connection to music.

Noellyn ?? 
She is No Ellen? 
Echo of Noel?

'''"all blonde, of course"''' 
with all the Germanic mythology around here, possibly a reference to the "blonde/blue-eyed"-cliche of German women. Possible play on light-theme? Blonde (light, reflection) opposed to the dark (absence of light, absorption) Yashmeen?

'''High Albedo''' 
Albedo: power of reflecting light. Blondes reflect more light than brunettes. 
Possibly a citation of ''Gravity's Rainbow'', p. 152 (Viking), "high-albedo stockings".

'''"dark rock...again and again"''' 
cf "Lorelei"

'''Pinky''' 
Nicknames opposite of truth?

''''''sans merci'''''' 
a reference to Keats's 19th century Romantic ballad 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci'. The lady of the title entraps men by making them fall in love with her and abandoning them.

French for "no mercy" or "no pity", or, more precisely in this case: "without mercy". Alludes to Pinky's cold and unforgiving nature.

==Page 494==

'''wrong altar''' 
She, a lesbian, tells him that he 'worships' a woman who is wrong for him.

'''gnomic tenses''' 
Gnomic = marked by aphorisms; aphoristic...'gnomic verse, a gnomic style".
American Heritage Dictionary.

: In Greek the gnomic tense is the timeless aorist, i.e. an aorist indicating no special time. In English there is the timeless present tense, e.g. in proverbs. Since the gnomic aorist differs from the usual aorist only in its usage the term "gnomic tenses" seems a little stressed.

'''circs''' 
Short form (typically British): circumstances.

''''If she's not content with a vegetable love'''' 
a reference to Marvell's seventeenth century poem 'To His Coy Mistress'. "Vegetable love" refers to the slow, slow way he would let his love grow, to become "vaster than empires and more slow" had they "world enough and time", but since they don't, since they are in human time, he is trying to 'convince' her to make love with him now. Another interpretation would be female masturbation via vegetables. 
True, but more directly, quoting Gilbert and Sullivan. See comments on p. 491 (lilies-and-lassitude).

'''Rugby blue''' 
To be a 'Rugby blue' means to have represented Oxford (colour: dark blue) or Cambridge (light blue) at Rugby, which is a major European sport, invented, supposedly, at Rugby school in England in the nineteenth century.

'''Mâconnais''' 
This refers to a bargain sub-Burgundian wine that comes from the Macon region of France.

:Bargain? You've obviously never enjoyed a good bottle of Mâcon Villages Cuvée Botrytis Domaine de la Bongran 2000, which, if you decide to treat yourself to a great bottle of white, will set you back at least 180$. It is true, though, that some wine snobs look down on Mâcon Wines because the region doesn't have any Grand Crus or Premier Crus.

<div id="grosssmith">'''George Grossmith...and that jolly Weedon'''</div>
George and Weedon Grossmith, authors of the sublime, hillarious 'Diary of a Nobody', which gave the world the adjective 'pooterish'. Undoubtedly an influence on Pynchon's depictions of the 'oh dear' side of Englishness. Pooter is a 'nobody' who decides to publish his diaries, even though he is of no interest and nothing of any note occurs. A prototypical blogger, some might suggest. Originally published in Punch magazine (I think), set in late 19th Century. Don't know if the Grossmiths went to Cambridge, will check....

The elder George Grossmith performed in Gilbert and Sullivan works. He was not university-educated. The younger G.G. was also a noted performer and collaborated with P.G. Wodehouse.

[plenty of info here: http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/english/DON/Diary_Home.htm]

==Page 495==

'''Junior or Senior?''' 
expressions used at traditional English (independent) schools to refer to younger and older brothers. Thus Smith Junior or Smith Senior.—

I don't think this is correct - the junior/senior here just refers to the question of whether it's Grossmith the father or Grossmith the son. The traditional expression for younger and older brothers is minor/major. So Smith major would be the elder Smith brother, Smith minor the younger brother.[[User:Geb|Geb]] 19:49, 10 April 2008 (PDT)geb

See [[#grossmith|Grossmith entry]] on preceding page.

'''"Small hands, some evidence of early trauma, cp. Wilhelm II file"''' 
Wilhelm II suffered an injury at birth and had a withered arm. All his photographs show him with the "small hand" in his pocket.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II_of_Germany From Wikipedia]: 
William II, German Emperor (1859-1941), Reigned 1888-1918.

The role of William II in German history is sometimes a controversial issue in historical scholarship. Initially seen as an important, but embarrassing figure in German history until the late 1950s, for many years after that, the dominant view was that he had little or no influence on German policy leading up to the First World War. This has been challenged since the late 1970s, particularly by Professor John C. G. Röhl who saw William II as the key figure in understanding the recklessness and subsequent downfall of Imperial Germany.

'''"Map of the World"''' 
Like it says in the text, simply what Renfrew calls all his data.

Although the name is possibly of some significance! Renfrew's dossiers could act as a way of divining holistic truth from a series of perspectives or projections. Obviously interpreting this data requires the correct viewing individual, or "lens." In this way, Renfrew's "Map" is not unlike the Sfinciuno Itinerary.

Ah, I think it worth pointing out that Renfrew's dossiers on "everyone' is a paranoid's nightmare. The map is a "map" of what Refrew learns about everyone, not a common meaning of 'map", and reminding this reader of They/Them in ''Gravity's Rainbow'' who have a map of everywhere Slothrop--
and others?--appear to be/have been. At least. [[User:MKOHUT|MKOHUT]] 06:55, 3 October 2007 (PDT)

Also brings to mind the Wittgenstein line that TRP alludes to in ''The Crying of Lot 49'': "The world is all that is the case". If Renfrew
could map everything everyone does, he would have the whole [human] world
'mapped'.

'''Newmarket''' 
A famous English race-course, hence the following reference to the 'racing season'. 
And very close to Cambridge.

'''Morse and Vassilev''' 
In 1896-97 the first radio-telegraphic equipment was imported into Bulgaria for the needs of the armed forces and large postal offices. This was the start of Bulgarian National Radio (BNR). At that time, the equipment was used only to transmit Morse code on electro-magnetic waves. Samuel F. B. Morse, an English speaking American, invented Morse code and the telegraph.(On May 24, 1844 he transmitted the first telegraph message: "What hath God wrought!"). BNR at one time was headed by Orlin Vassilev, a Bulgarian playwright. BNR at one time also employed former (Bulgarian) environment minister Valentin Vassilev. 
Charles Morse published a full textbook of Bulgarian grammar in 1860, and compiled the first Bulgarian-English dictionary.#REDIRECT [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian-American_relations]]

'''East Rumelian''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_356|page 356: East Rumelia. ]] Rumelia was a Turkish province in the Balkan Peninsula. East Rumelia lay mostly in what is now Bulgaria.

'''the Treaty of Berlin''' 
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 Russia crushed Turkey and forced it to accept the Treaty of San Stefano. This created a greatly expanded Bulgaria under Russian protection. Britain feared that Russia might spread its control to Constantinople (now Istanbul) and to the Suez Canal, and therefore, with Austria, demanded a revised treaty. Weakened by war, Russia consented. The Treaty of San Stefano was replaced thus by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_%281878%29 the Treaty of Berlin] (1878), the final act of the Congress of Berlin of the Great Britain, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The new treaty recognized the complete independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro. The autonomy of Bulgaria was also recognized but it remained under formal Ottoman overlordship and divied between the Principality of Bulgaria and the autonomous province of ''East Rumelia''. And the Ottoman province of Bosnia was placed uner Austro-Hungarian administration.

'''''zadruga''''' 
Bulgarian: labor cooperative.

'''''tchifliks''''' 
Bulgarian: farms.

'''''gradinarski druzhini''''' 
Bulgarian: gardening (or farming?) associations.

'''gossamer''' 
Sheer, light, delicate, flimsy, airy, tenuous, like a cobweb.

==Page 496==

'''sod . . . pouffe''' 
Derogatory terms for homosexual ("sod" from "sodomite").

'''failed canards''' 
Discredited rumors.

'''Lent . . . Easter . . . Long Vacation''' 
''Lent'' is an anual season of fasting and penitence in preparation for ''Easter'', beginning at Ash Wednesday and lasting 40 weekdays to Easter. After ''Lent'', ''Easter'' the school terms would soon glide into the summer recess, the ''Long Vacation.''
 
::At Cambridge University 'Lent Term' is the second term of the academic year (after Christmas), and 'Easter Term' is the third (between Easter and Summer - or 'Long' - vacations.) So 'Lent and Easter' qualifies 'The Terms' in the previous clause: the sense is 'Lent Term and Easter Term went gliding...' (The first term of the Cambridge year, incidentally, is called 'Michaelmas'.)

'''Colonial Office''' 
Defunct British Ministry, later Foreign & Colonial Office, now Foreign & Commonwealth Office.

'''Okhrana''' 
a secret police force of the Russian Empire and part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhrana Wikipedia Entry]

'''Ballhausplatz''' 
Location of the Austrian State Chancellery and Foreign Ministry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballhausplatz Wikipedia Entry]

'''Wilhelmstrasse''' 
Administrative Center of the Kingdom of Prussia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmstrasse Wikipedia Entry]

'''G.F.B. Riemann''' 
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann. A German mathematician who did extensive work in differential geometry. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Riemann Wikipedia Entry]

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Riemann.html Bernhard Riemann] (1826-66), a German mathematician. He studied mathematics at the University of Göttingen and later taught that subject there. He did important work in geometry, complex analysis, and mathematical physics. Riemanm's work on Riemann geometry laid the foundation for Einstein's general relativity. He investigated the Riemann zeta function about which he stated the famous (and still not completely proven) Riemann hypothesis (see below). He died of tuberculosis in Selasca, Italy, at the age of 39.

'''Zeta function . . . conjecture''' 
The Riemann zeta function. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function/ Wikipedia Entry]

The Riemann zeta function is an extremely important special function of mathematics and physics that arises in definite integration and is intimately related with very deep results surrounding the prime number theorem. While many of the properties of this function have been investigated, there remain important fundamental ''conjectures'' (most notably the Riemann hypothesis) that remain unproved to this day. See [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function Zeta function]].

The Riemann hypothesis (''conjecture'') is a conjecture about the distribution of zeros of the Riemann zeta function. The Riemann zeta function is defined for all complex numbers (Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page132|page 132]]) not equal to zero. It has zeros at the negative even integers, (-2, -4, -6 and so on), called trivial zeros. The Riemann hypothesis is concerned with the non-trivial zeros, saying, ''"The real part of any non-trivial zero of the Riemann zeta function is 1/2."'' This conjecture remains unproved. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis Riemann conjecture]].

Riemann's zeta function is also used in the Zipf Probability Distribution [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ZipfDistribution.html], which itself led to the formulation of Zipf's Principle of Least Effort that TRP mined for semantic resonances in GR. [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Zipf%27s_Principle_of_Least_Effort]

''''joint'''' 
Opium den.

'''Bob's your uncle''' 
An English and Commonwealth expression referring to the ease with which something can be done. Still used, though probably more common in the time in which ''Against the Day'' is set. Possible [http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/70100.html derivations].

'''Limehouse''' 
An area of East London that borders on the River Thames near the Isle of Dogs. The name may derive from the fact that sailors were about as this was a point of embarkation for sea journeys. In the late 19th century the area was famous for opium dens [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limehouse Wikipedia].

==Page 497==

'''Knightsbridge''' 
Knightsbridge is a street in Westminster borough, London. Notable for its super rich and famous high profile residents and its exclusive shops. (Recent residents included members of the Saudi royal family, Joan Collins, Gucci, Prince Diana and so on; it's shops included Egyptian Fayed's Harrods, etc . . . ) [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knightsbridge Knightsbridge]].

'''Hôtel Alsace''' 
The propre name is Hôtel d'Alsace. It was, and still is, located at number 13 rue des Beaux-Arts, in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. Oscar Wilde died there, under an assumed named, on november 30th, in 1900, following a two-day agony. Note some similarity of letters between the names Griswold and Wilde (both "sodomite"…). 

Also, Wilde's famous last words (well, recounted as last words but really uttered months before his death) was "either that wallpaper goes, or I do." Cyprian's uncle, Griswold, it seems, had the atrocious decorative taste that shoved Wilde into the great beyond. This is post-Wilde; the avant-garde pose has calcified into a tacky schtick, the "lilies-and-lassitude" 90s, like the foreclosed frontier, a dead duck in the sodomite water.

see "Gris"--four associative definitions that interestingly modify/play with, the name Wilde: gray; a pale rose' (as in vin gris)and Juan Gris, Spanish painter. [http://www.google.com/search?q=define:gris&hl=en&oi=definel&defl=all gris]

'''excess''' 
(So not wholly gossamer?)

'''Coronation Red''' 
The Peer‘s traditional robes at Coronation Day are made of crimson red velvet [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_Monarch Wikipedia] [http://www.geocities.com/noelcox/Peers_Robes.htm website]. Edward VII and Queen Alexandra were crowned at Westminster Abbey on 9 August 1902 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom Wikipedia]

'''Ranji and C.B. Fry''' 
Two notable cricketers who would have been in their prime when the novel is set. Both played for England. 'Ranji' is short for Ranjitsinhji and is how he was familiarly known. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/12930.html C.B. Fry] [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/19331.html Ranji]

'''Australian season''' 
A reference to the Australian cricket season which runs throughout their summer and the European winter.

More likely to refer to the tour of the Australian cricket team to England in the Summer of 1902. Of particular interest is the fact that the Aussies played a match against Cambridge University on June 9-10. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1902 1902 Ashes Tour]

'''New Court''' 
A major building in St John's College (founded 1511), University of Cambridge. It was completed in 1831. It's style is Gothic, a romantic version of a mediaeval building; its basic plan is classical. For pictures and more info [http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/about/tour/new_court New Court].

'''Tavernier-Gravet slide rules''' 
French-made, some with special scales (slope conversions, etc.). [http://discover.com/issues/aug-03/features/featslide/ Photograph.]

'''High Church''' 
Anglican

'''Mags and Nuncs and Matins responsories''' 
A responsory is a form of (Christian) chant (call and response, perhaps), which is here qualified by Latin designations for specific prayers. 
Mags: possibly for ''Magnificat,'' the hymn beginning "My soul doth magnify the Lord"? 
Nunc = Now. For ''Nunc dimittis,'' the prayer beginning "Let thy servant now depart." 
Matin = Morning.

'''Trinity''' 
Trinity College, was founded by Henry VIII in 1546 as part of the Univeristy of Cambridge. Most of its major buildings date from the 16th and 17th centuries. "Princes, spies, poets and prime-ministers have all been taught here." (Trinity's own website [http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php?pageid=2 Trinity])

'''King's''' 
King's College, Cambridge University, was found by Henry VI in 1441. From the first, the College's buildings were intened to be a magnificent display of the power of royal patronage. King's College Chapel, wanted by the King to be without equal in size and beauty and took nearly a century to complete, is one of the greatest examples of gothic architecture. It is also home to the world famous Choir, envisaged by Henry VI for daily singing of services in the chapel. [[http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/visitors/history.html King's]].

'''not Zion''' 
The context indicated that the original meaning Mount Zion, a hill near Jerusalem, was used; i.e. "not Mount Zion".

'''Compline hour''' 
Bedtime. Compline is the last prayers or service of the day.

'''Te Deum''' 
Te Deum = Thou, O God (Latin).

Since "the Te Deum" was used in the text, it meant the ancient Latin hymn of praise to God, in the form of a psalm, sung regularly at matins in the Roman Catholic Church and, usually in an English translation, at Morning Prayer in the Anglican Church, as well as on special occasions as a service of thanksgiving or commemoration. First words of the hymn, which begin; ''Te Deum laudāmus'' (we praise thee God). Te Deum also refers to the musical setting or form of this hymn with a certain structure which Filtham had blotched. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_Deum Wikipedia]

Coincidence? According to the [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14468c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia] there is a discussion among scholars whether the hymn of the Te Deum goes back to a text written by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Cyprian St. Cyprian of Carthage] : "...if the hymn was borrowed from St. Cyprian, why did it not include the "virgines" instead of stopping with "martyrum"?".

'''Khaki Election''' 
A term in British political history. It refered to the British general election of 1900. The reason for this name was that the issues of the election were overshadowed totally by the issue of the (2nd) Boer War (South African War, 1899-1902 [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War Boer War]]), as ''khaki'' was the color of the new army uniform. A ''Khaki Election'' is now applied to any British national election which is heavily influenced by wartime or postwar sentiment. 1918 general election (end of World War I) and 1945 election (end of Wordl War II) were both described as Khaki Elections.

'''Filtham''' 
???

==Page 498==

'''violation of . . . child-labor statutes''' 
If such laws applied to children in the choirs of Cambridge colleges, the great length of the composition would keep them at work too many hours.

'''chromaticism . . . Richard Strauss''' 
Chromaticism refers to the use of the chromatic scale in composing music. Ever since Baroque Period (17th to early 18th century) almost all music were compsoed either in major or minor scale, in which only seven of the twelve tones of the octave were used. Beginning in the late Romanic Period (mid 19th to 20th century) the chromatic scale including all 12 tones of the octave was used. By using the tones that are not "supposed" to be in a certain key, the music thus composed had stronger dissonance and exaggerated tension. 

Richard Strauss (1864-1949) was a German composer of the late Romantic era well known for his tone poems and operas. His ''Also sprach Zarathustra'' (1896), a symphonic poem, was made widely popular by Stanley Kubrick's film ''2001: A Space Odyssey'' in 1968 — the music (especially the brass fanfare opening) introduced the memorable ape/man sequence of the film. His many operas include ''Salome, Der Rosenkavalier, Capriccio'' and others. Chromaticism was not that new to Richard Strauss, but "relentless chromaticism" just might be too "modern" for him.

'''Staindrop''' 
Home of Jeremiah Dixon.

'''"Filtham's Tedium"''' 
(Talk about overlabored puns...)
:"Tedium" is a common humorous way to refer to somebody-or-other's "Te Deum."

'''dress regulations''' 
???

'''Gauss''' 
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), a German mathematician and scientist, and one of the all-time greats. He worked in a wide variety of fields in both mathematics and physics including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. His work has had an immense influence in many areas. Riemann was a student of his at Göttingen. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss Wikipedia].

'''Ramanujan''' 
Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920), one of India's greatest mathematical geniuses. Long before he came to Cambridge and though without any formal university education, Ramanujan made substantial contributions to the anlytical theory of numbers and worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions and infinite series. He, a poor savant from India, was invited in 1914 to Cambridge by G.H. Hardy after he wrote him a letter asking abstruse mathematical questions. In his letter, Ramanujan enclosed a long list of then unproved theorems which he had solved. After his arriving at Cambridge Ramanujan collaborated with G.H. Hardy resulting in important results. He was allowed to enroll in 1914 in Cambridge despite not having the proper qualifications and received a PhD degree in 1916. Plagued by health problems all his life, his health deteriorated rapidly from 1917, and he returned to India in 1919 and died there the following year. Two years before his death, however, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London. [[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Ramanujan.html Ramanujan]]. Therefore,
". . . Ramanujan here at Trinity . . ." could have happened only between 1914 - 1919.

'''revisited, in some way 'relighted' the scene''' 
Light, mental light.

'''display of hurt feelings''' 
Cf p30.

==Page 499==

'''light up''' 
Dark world vs spark of value.

'''ζ-function''' 
Another reference to the Riemann zeta function.

'''Hilbert thinks of nothing else''' 
The Riemann hypothesis is one of the 20 problems put forth by Hilbert in 1900.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert_problem Wikipedia Entry]

'''desire... of rather a specialized sort''' 
???

'''Great Eastern''' 
Railway linking Cambridge and London.

==Page 500==

'''Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia''' 
Sofia Kovalevskaia was the first woman to apply for a mathematics degree at the University of Goettingen in Germany. She was not accepted at the university, but was allowed to tutor under one of the university's math professors. She wrote a paper there that became an important part of the theory of differential equations.

:Kovalevskaia's private math tutor was Weierstrass at Berlin (see below).

''Karl Weierstrass'' (1815-97), a German mathermatician. He attended the University of Bonn studying law, finance and economics instead of mathermatics, the subject he was really interested in and studied out of school. He left the Univeristy of Bonn without a degree and went to the University of Münster for mathematics. Later he became a teacher in the city of Münster. Around 1850 he took a chair at the Technical University of Berlin. For four years (1870-1874) he gave private mathematics lessons to Sofia Kovalevskaia while she was denied the university entrance in Berlin. His investigations were mainly on the topic of "Special Functions": Weierstrass Elliptic Function, Weierstrass Zeta Function, Weierstrass Product Theroem, etc.

''Sofia Kovalevskaia'' (1850-91) Russian mathematician and novelist. She was born in Moscow and showed an interest in mathematics from an early age. When 11 she studied differential and integral analysis from her father's calculus lecture notes that were used as wallpaper in the family house. She was given a special tutor of higher mathematics. At age 18 she entered a "false" marriage (it became genuine later) in order to be able to attend college abroad. In 1869 she enrolled as a provisional student at Heidelberg University. In 1870 she moved to Berlin attempting to study under ''Weierstrass'' and enroll at Berlin University. But the university refused to accept her because of her gender. However, Weierstrass was so impressed by her talent that he gave her private mathematics lessons twice a week for four years. By the spring of 1874, Kovalevskaia had completed three papers. Weierstrass deemed each of these worthy of a doctorate. And with his help, in Kovaleskaia's absence, University of Göttingen granted her a PhD in Mathematics (a historical first) and Master (''summa cum laude'') in Fine Art. In the same year she returned to Russia but failed to get an academic job. She did not practice mathematics for six years but pursued literary work instead. In 1880 she returned to mathematics and applied to teach at universities in Russia but was denied again. Finaly she found employment at Sweden's Stockholm University in 1883. She died of pneumonia in Stockholm in 1891. 
In her short life Kovalevskaia had won a historic place in mathermatics. She was the first woman to receive a doctorate in mathermatics, the first woman to obtain a permanent position on a university faculty in mathematics, the first woman having a place on the editorial staff of a mathematical journal, the first female member of St. Petersburg Academy of Science, and the first woman to win the most prestigeous mathematical contest of her day, an honor equivalent to the winning of a Nobel Prize. Her literary achievements was quite substantial. Her ''Russian Childhood'' won wide acclaim and was translated into many languages (the English edition still available). She had a couple of novels (''Nihilist Girl'' etc.) published as well. She dabbled in playwriting and produced a steady stream of both fiction and nonfiction publications for Russian journals.

'''Pythagorean doctrine''' 
From the text it refers to Pythagorean doctrine of transmigration of souls. Pythagoras and his disciples believed in reincarnation (or metempsychosis), according to which human souls are immortal and are reborn into other animals after death. ("reborn as a vegetable" may be questionable.) 
Perhaps not so questionable. There is, after all, the Pythagorean prohibition against eating beans, wind being 'pneuma' = spirit.

[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pythagora Pythagoras], one of the most famous and controversial ancient Greek philosophers, lived from ca. 570 to ca. 490 BC. He spent his early years on the island of Samos, off the coast of modern Turkey. At the age of 40, he moved to Crotona in southern Italy and most of his philosophical activity occurred there. His philosophical thinking exercised an important influence on the work of Plato. "Pythagoras was famous (1) as an expert on the fate of the soul after death . . .; (2) as an expert on religious ritual; (3) as a wonder-worker who had a thigh of gold and who could be two places at the same time; (4) as the founder of a strict way of life that emphasized dietary restrictions, . . . and rigorous self discipline." (on-line Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). 
Pythagoras was also a famous mathematician best known for the Pythagorean Theorem and the Music of the Spheres. Known as the father of numbers, his philosophy encompassed harmonics in mathematics, music, cosmology, geometry and had a lasting impact on hermeticism, gnosticism and alchemy.

'''sounds like maths''' 
Yashmeen seems to see 'maths' as otherwordly.

'''folio''' 
an edition of a book in pages that fold in half to make the leaves of a codex.

'''four-color chromolithograph''' 
Chromo--in Chemistry, chromium
 
:Nothing to do with chromium. Chromolithography means 'The art of printing in colours from stone' (OED), an early technique for printing in more than one colour. The chromo- prefix is a shortened form of chromato-, a Greek-derived prefix denoting 'to do with colour'.

'''Snazzbury''' 
???

'''Silent Frock''' 
Cf noise-canceling headphones.

'''toilette''' 
No longer in use in modern english, the term 'toilette' indicated a dressing table covered to the floor with cloth (toile) and lace, on which stood a dressing glass, which might also be draped in lace. Wikipedia

It's still used, and in addition to the dressing table meaning, it refers to how somebody is "got up"--dress, makeup and all.

==Page 501==

'''green, white, and mauve stripes''' 
Colors associated with the Suffragette Movement of the time.Diane Atkinson, one of the leading contemporary scholars on the suffrage movement, edited a book, Suffragettes in the Purple, White, and Green London 1906-1914, which served as a catalog at an exhibition of suffrage memorabilia at the Museum of London and which discusses the symbolism. Atkinson notes that the color scheme was devised by Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence, treasurer and co-editor of the weekly newspaper Votes for Women. In the spring 1908 issue of that paper, Pethick-Lawrence explained the symbolism of the colors:

"Purple as everyone knows is the royal colour. It stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of every suffragette, the instinct of freedom and dignity...white stands for purity in private and public life...green is the colour of hope and the emblem of spring."

'''black crepon''' 
The shell is made of black rayon crepon and fully lined to within 2" of bottom hem. From a description of a black [nursing] dress online.

'''Italian-cloth''' 
The Champagne fairs were a circuit of six cloth fairs in the towns of Champagne and Brie, changing location every two months and spanning the year from January to October. At their height, in the 13th century, the Champagne fairs linked the cloth-producing cities of the Low Countries with the Italian dyeing and exporting centers. The fairs, which were already well-organized at the start of the century, were one of the earliest manifestations of a linked European economy, a characteristic of the High Middle Ages.

The towns provided huge warehouses, still to be seen at Provins. From the north came woolens and linen cloth. Wikipedia.

==Page 502==

'''modern lettering''' 
Refers to Art Nouveau lettering popular at the turn of the 20th century and still commonly used on entrance signs for Paris metro stations.

'''"a kind of helical ramp"''' 
Possibly a reference to the Riemann Sphere, which is built in large part upon complex numbers and which look something like a helix. 
[[Image:Riemann Sphere.jpg]]

'''L'ARIMEAUX ET QUEURLIS''' 
Larry, Moe, and Curly's

'''twilling''' 
Twill = A fabric with diagonal parallel ribs. 2. The weave used to produce such a fabric.
TRANSITIVE VERB: Inflected forms: twilled, twill·ing, twills
To weave (cloth) so as to produce a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs. From The American Heritage Dictionary

==Page 503==

'''Earl's Court Wheel''' 
Earl's Court is an area of London. A Ferris Wheel there.

Another "paramorphic" parallel to our time: The London Eye, a huge Ferris Wheel built for the Millenium Exposition of 2000. The trip around is not, as Yasmeen notes, thermodynamically reversible, since one would be "changed forever" in the course of the journey around the wheel (in the Heraclitean sense that "No man steps in the same river twice"--the river changes.) 
This is the connection between entropy in thermodynamics and entropy in information theory, embodied in Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon], at the center of Pynchon's ''Crying of Lot 49'', now back as a problem in non-Euclidean geometries and multiple dimensions.

'''whelks''' 
A whelk is a large marine gastropod (snail) found in temperate waters. 
Popular in the early 20th C as fast food sold from stalls in the street. You extracted the somewhat bogey-like creature with a pin and ate it.

'''five pound note, like in the song''' 
¿¿¿???

'''Chinese Turkestan railway shares''' 
Chinese Turkestan is where the Chums of Chance are currently, in the sub-desertine vehicle.

'''jellied eel''' 
An East End of London delicacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellied_eels Wikipedia]

'''West Ham, the Park, Upton Lane, lads all in claret and blue''' 
The "lads in claret and blue" are kicking a football around, as they are players of current Premiership side West Ham United. Founded in 1895, the "Hammers" are playing their home games at Boleyn Ground aka "Upton Park". Yep, soccer. However, it's highly dubious that Upton Park could be seen from Earl's Court, even at 300 feet. Much easier to see Chelsea, Fulham or Queen's Park Rangers grounds, all very close to Earl's Court.

'''lupine liminality''' 
Latin: lupus = wolf, limen = threshold. Allusion to the proverbial wolf at the door.

Lupine = any of a genus (Lupinus) of leguminous herbs including some poisonous forms and others cultivated for their long showy racemes of usually blue, purple, white, or yellow flowers or for green manure, fodder, or their edible seeds; also : an edible lupine seed.

The liminal state is characterized by ambiguity, openness, and indeterminacy. One's sense of identity dissolves to some extent, bringing about disorientation. Liminality is a period of transition, during which your normal limits to thought, self-understanding, and behavior are relaxed, opening the way to something new.

'''hydrangeas''' 
a kind of flower. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrangea Wikipedia]

'''Hardy,''' 
Cf. [[ATD_219-242#Page 239|page 239:McTaggart . . . Hardy]]. G.H. (Godfrey Harold) Hardy (1877-1947),famous Cambridge mathematician [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._H._Hardy Wikipedia]. He wrote "A Mathematician's Apology" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Mathematician%27s_Apology Wikipedia] [http://www.math.ualberta.ca/~mss/books/A%20Mathematician's%20Apology.pdf Full Text]. Knew all the most famous intellectuals and was himself very influential.

==Page 504==

'''Harwich... German Sea''' 
Harwich is a town in Essex, England, located on the coast with the North Sea to the east.The North Sea historically also known as the German Ocean. By the late nineteenth century, German Sea was a rare, scholarly usage ...

"The German Sea" is also a public house (p. 489).

'''Hook of Holland''' 
Hoek van Holland in the Netherlands. It is not a hook but the southwest ''corner'' of South-Holland province (Dutch ''hoek'' = corner).

''Hook of Holland'' is also the name of the ferry port, an entry point into Holland and Europe. It is served by ferry sailings from Harwich and is the main entry port when travelling from the UK. It is less than 15 miles southwest of The Hague. [[http://www.eurodrive.co.uk/ports.asp?ID=39&p=Hook-Of-Holland Port of Hook of Holland]].

'''madhouse at Osnabrück''' 
OSNABRUCK, a town and episcopal see of Germany, in the Prussian province of Hanover, situated on the Hase, 70 m. W. of the city of Hanover, 31 m. by rail N.E. of Munster, and at the junction of the lines Hamburg-Cologne and BerlinAmsterdam. Pop. (1905) 59,5 80. The lunatic asylum occupies a former nunnery.

==Page 505==

'''plug hats''' 
a plug hat may be a top hat or a bowler hat.

'''Cobh''' 
the historic port town of Cobh Ireland. Many ocean liners sailed from there, including the Titanic... the port of Queenstown (now known as Cobh)

==Page 506==

'''Euclid''' 
Avenue of classy mansions in Cleveland

Euclid (300 BC) is also the father of geometry. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid wikipedia entry] check out the section on optics and the theory of mirrors.

'''elms in Cleveland''' 
(Before Dutch elm disease?)

'''went on for years''' 
the Krakatoa eruption put dust and ashes aloft for years.

'''Krakatoa''' 
The correct name is Krakatau. It is a volcanic, uninhabited Indonesia's island lies between Java and Sumatra. A series of cataclysmic explosions of August 26 - 27, 1883, the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history, collapsed the northern two-thirds of the island beneath the sea, generating an immense tsunamis that ravaged adjeacent coastlines and killed over 36,000 perople. Tephra (volcanic rock and glass fragments) from the eruption fell as far as 1,500 miles downwind in the days following the explosion. The finest fragments were propelled high into the stratosphere, spreading outward as a broad cloud acroos the entire equatorial belt in only two weeks. These particles would remain suspended in the atmosphere for a long time. For years, the earth experienced exotic colors in the sky, halos around the sun and moon, and a spectacular array of anomalous sunsets and sunrises. In the year following the equption, average global temperatures fell by as much as 1.2° Celsius. Weather patterns continued to be chaotic for years and temperature did not return to normal until 1888. For more about 1883 eruption, map, pictures, current volcanic activities etc see [http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Krakatau.html Krakatau 1] and [http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/krakatau/krakatau.html Krakatau 2].

'''Krakatoa...child's story'''

''The 21 Balloons''? which could have been a Chums of Chance adventure!

'''Shorty''' 
the 'short-order' cook?

==Page 507==
'''I thought sunsets were just supposed to look like that...

Suggestive of the sentiments in Wordsworth's ''Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood'' [http://www.bartleby.com/145/ww331.html]

Also brought to mind The Orb's ''Little Fluffy Clouds'' (1990) in which Rickie Lee Jones answers the question.....

What were the skies like when you were young? [by saying]

''They went on forever
And ''they -- when I
We lived in Arizona
And the skies always had little fluffy clouds
And they were long and clear
And there were lots of stars, at night
And when it rained it would all turn
It -- they were beautiful
The most beautiful skies as a matter of fact
The sunsets were purple and red
And yellow and on fire
And the clouds would catch the colors everywhere
That's -- it's neat
Because I used to look at them all the time
When I was little
You don't see that''''

Circling the rabbit hole....In this song, The Orb uses a harmonica sample from the song ''The Man With The Harmonica'' from the film '''Once Upon a Time in the West''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Fluffy_Clouds]. The film in turn seems to have strong Pynchon/AtD overtones, (pre-tones??) --
Frank vs. Harmonica, the railroads destroying the Old West...etc. Pynchon showing a strong preference for harmonicas, old movies and songs and protagonists named Frank.

'''how little I cared''' 
(Blaming Krakatoa???)Seems to me she is saying that her feelings for Bert faded, as everything was, maybe, supposed to, as had the fantastic sunsets
caused by Krakatoa when they got back to ordinary.

'''palm upward''' 
One of many "old wives' tales" described in [http://www.childbirthsolutions.com/articles/pregnancy/oldwives/index.php this web page.]

'''Prospect Avenue''' 
Once fashionable street in Cleveland, Ohio.

'''leaf-spring suspension''' 
A form of suspension for wheeled vehicles. Still very occasionally used in automobiles, but more likely nowadays to be seen on a perambulator. A "leaf" here is a long thin strip of tempered steel (they may also be stacked for greater strength).

'''overrun''' 
the excess kerosene when made.

'''Flats''' 
lands around the Cuyahoga River.

==Page 508==

'''Cuyahoga''' 
Major river in Ohio that goes around Cleveland. Famous in the 60's for literally catching on fire from the combustible pollutants in it. Here, Pynchon shows that industrial pollution and its effect on the river. "It's like looking down into the sky".

'''your exact face''' 
(How common?)

'''allowing Erlys do the work''' 
Error in first edition. Should be "allowing Erlys to do the work..."

==Page 509==

'''descending minor triad''' 
in music, an interval of three half tones. 
No, the triad is a chord, so it's three notes moving downwards (soh-mi-doh) forming a minor chord.

'''Svengali''' 
In George Du Maurier's novel ''Trilby'' (1894), the hypnotist who makes the title character a great singer but keeps her under rigorous control.

'''tea roses''' 
Yellow-orange roses.

'''cosmos''' 
any composite plant of the genus ''Cosmos'', of tropical America, some species of which are cultivated for their showy flowers.

==Page 510==

'''first momentous glance''' 
Page 349 only?

'''Elis''' 
Yale University students, called so after founder Eli Yale.

'''snooting''' 
the act of snubbing, treating scornfully or with disdain (OED)

'''tuned to a 440 A''' 
the elusive 440 A. ... Today's A above middle C has been set at 440 cycles per second or 440 Hertz. ...

==Page 511==

'''preferring''' 
Cf Rose in James Cameron's ''Titanic''.

'''Root Tubsmith''' 
Most likely a fictional character.

'''Fuchs''' 
Lazarus Fuchs (1833-1902), a German mathematician. He worked on differential equations and the theory of functions, ordinary differential equations with complex functions as coefficients, elliptic integrals, etc. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Fuchs.html Fuchs].

'''Schwarz''' 
Herman Schwarz (1843-1921), a German mathematician, known for his work in complex analysis. He worked in Halle, Göttingen and then Berlin, dealing with the subjects of function theory, differential geometry and the calculus of variation. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Schwarz.html Schwarz].

'''Frobenius''' 
Ferdinand Frobenius (1849-1917), a German mathematician. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Georg_Frobenius], possibly important here for his contributions to Group Theory and to topology [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenius_theorem_%28differential_topology%29]. He received his doctorate from the Univeristy of Berlin supervised by Weierstrass. Later, he taught mathematics there as well. He combined results from the theory of algebraic equations, geometry and number theory, which led him to the representation theory and the character theory of groups. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Frobenius.html Frobenius].

'''Professor Manning''' 
Henry Parker Manning (1859-1956) In 1889 he entered Johns Hopkins University to study mathematics, astronomy and physics. When he received his Ph.D. degree in 1891, his first printed paper had already appeared in the ''American Journal of Mathematics''. He was appointed instructor in mathematics at Brown that same year, and “with his advent,” Professor Raymond C. Archibald would later write, “a new era in the development of mathematics at Brown was ushered in.” From 1893 to 1908 Manning offered courses in higher mathematics never previously available at Brown, courses with names like “Theory of functions: algebraic functions, Riemann surfaces, and Abelian functions,” “Substitutions and transformation groups,” and “Quaternions, non-Euclidean geometry, and hyperspace.” After 1908 there were others in the department able to teach higher mathematics. His publications included ''Non-Euclidean Geometry'' in 1901, the first English language text in this subject, ''Irrational Numbers and their Representation by Sequences and Series'' in 1906, and ''Geometry of Four Dimensions'' in 1914. [http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/search.php?serial=M0090]

'''language difference''' 
Kit and Root both speak English, but in different mathematical dialects.

'''Marseilles''' 
Second largest city of France; Mediterannean port, legendarily corrupt.

'''species of tarantella''' 
Tarantella is a fast dance or dance tune in 6/8 time. Probably named for Taranto, not tarantula.

'''dreamed it''' 
(Page?)

Page 349, at R.W. Vibe's "Italianate town house." Dally confirms this on page five hundred and twelve.

'''Cigar Deck''' 
A deck on a luxury yacht, hotel or residence where 'gentlemen' went to smoke cigars.... "venue has everything - including a full bar, cigar deck, and dance floor. ..."

==Page 512==

'''how to stop looking''' 
Cf p27.

'''lobelias''' 
Plant or flower of the genus Lobelia. At least one member of the genus is blue (Blue Lobelia.

'''Victor Herbert''' 
Irish-born American composer (1859-1924) of songs, operettas, light classics.

'''Wolf-Ferrari''' 
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876-1948), born in Venice, composer of many extremely popular operas.

==Page 513==

'''She smlled falsely''' 
Error in first edition. Should be "She smiled falsely."

'''Reuben''' 
A hick, as in the carnie's cry, "Hey, Rube".
 
:Maybe, but given that Kit's ''age'' is at issue, may refer to the fact that Reuben was the eldest of the twelve sons of Jacob/Israel (Genesis 29.32).

'''sailing along on Moonlight Bay''' 
Apparently someone overheard Kit's dialog. This phrase would become part of the song "On Moonlight Bay," Madden (lyrics) and Weinrich (music), 1912.

==Page 515==

'''high-hatting''' 
Snubbing, cutting.

'''memories of desert plateau, mountian peaks...some unexpected river''' 
Instantly recognizable to anyone familiar with the back-country Rocky Mountains.
Cf also the description of the landscape Frank's riding through on page 394/395.

'''twenty-knot push''' 
The ship is making twenty knots (20 nautical miles per hour), hence generating a twenty knot wind toward the stern.

'''uncreated''' 
Featureless? ongoing present becoming the future as compared to his memories.

The watery void of Genesis, before creation of the land and life.

'''after 1914''' 
Still 10 years away.

'''S.M.S. ''Emperor Maximilian''''' 
S.M.S.: Seiner Majestäts Schiff, His Majesty's Ship (German or, as in this case, Austrian). One Habsburg Emperor Maximilian was set up in Mexico, then deposed and killed.

'''25,000-ton''' 
The ship's displacement (measure of its size).

'''dreadnoughts''' 
''HMS Dreadnought'' gave her name to a new philosophy that governed the design of capital ships beginning in the 1890s and continuing past the 1920s: high speed, heavy armor, heavy investment in the "main battery" and de-emphasis of secondary battery, main battery comprising the largest practicable guns mounted in turrets on the ship's centerline.

'''Slavonian''' 
Perhaps a deceptive name for the company; Slavonia was an inland province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, northwest of Croatia; Trieste would have been in Slovenia.

'''Schultz-Thorneycroft''' 
Apparently a maker of steamships' boilers.

'''Parsons turbines''' 
Cf. The Steam Turbine, by Sir Charles A. Parsons ---The Rede Lecture, 1911.
Was manufactured and named for Parsons--this lecture was after its extensive use.

'''British men-o'-war''' 
Warships.

==Page 516==

'''shell-rooms-to-be and giant powder magazines''' 
''Stupendica'' contains spaces that will belong to ''Maximilian'' on her transformation. (Indeed, she must contain the shells and powder too.)

'''circular cabins''' 
A battleship turret extends several decks below the gunhouse. No doubt there were stacks of these circular cabins.

'''twelve-inch barrels''' 
The typical main armament for dreadnoughts in this period (1904) was 12 inch guns - the guns having barrels. By WWI, newer dreadnoughts had 14-16" armament.

'''shelter deck''' 
???

'''to fold upward''' 
Transformer fashion.

'''casemates''' 
Turrets.

'''freeboard''' 
The amount of the ship above the water. You need a certain amount of freeboard to maintain balance, but battleships try to limit it as much as possible (so as to present a smaller target).

'''"Dazzle" camouflage''' 
Patterns as described in the text, meant to confuse enemy eyes. [http://www.bobolinkbooks.com/Camoupedia/DazzleCamouflage.html] Camouflage techniques used in World War I were developed in part by magician Jasper Maskelyne, a descendant of the Astronomer Royal in ''Mason & Dixon.''

'''dihedrals''' 
A dihedral is the figure formed by two planes intersecting in a line. The bow of a ship is pretty close.

'''Fangsley''' 
???

'''less horizontally disposed''' 
less level

Passenger liner has as many decks as possible above waterline. Warship has as many as possible ''below'' waterline, hence it's "taller."

'''Trieste''' 
Trieste is a city and port in northeastern Italy right on the border with Slovenia. It is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste on the Adriatic Sea, about 70 miles east of Venice across the Gulf of Venice. The city had been occupied, administrated, annexed by various countries in the past. As late as early 19th century Napoleon took it for France, and in 1813 Austrian empire annexed it and kept it until the end of World War I. In 1920 it was transfered to Italy. During World War II German occupied the city until 1945 when Yugoslav partisans under Tito briefly occupied the city. Between 1947 to 1954 Trieste was governed by British and American. Finally, in 1954 the city of Trieste went to Italy and the southern suburb went to Yugoslavia (now Slovenia).

'''Lloyd Arsenale''' 
Lloyd Shipyard, Austria's commercial counterpart of Stabilimento Tecnico. In 1833 a company with the name ''Lloyd Austriaco'' was founded as a maritime insurance organization. Three years later a new section, the Shipping Section was established and running company's own vessels. In 1853 Lloyd Austriaco started buidling its own shipyard, called ''Arsenale'', both for building new ships and maintenance of the fleet. The shipyard was completed and fully operative in 1861. In 1919 ''Lloyd Austriaco'' changed its name to ''Lloyd Triestino'', currently still operating in Trieste. [[http://www.italiamarittima.it/newhistory.asp?ordernum=10 Lloyd Arsenale]].

'''Stabilimento Tecnico''' 
Technical Plant, a shipyard. Stabilimento Tecnico was an Austro-Hungarian shipbuilding company based in Trieste. It served the Austro-Hungarian Navy on a large scale and was the largest shipyard of that country. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilimento_Tecnico_Triestino Stabilimento]]. Four Tegetthoff class dreadnoughts were built by Stabilimento Tecnico for the Austro-Hungarian Navy: ''SMS Viribus Unitis, SMS Tegetthoff, SMS Prinz Eugen'' and ''SMS Szent Istvan''. They were of about 21,000 ton displacement and a speed of 20 kt with twelve 12-inch guns. Tegetthoff was a 19th century Austrian admiral.[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegetthoff_class_battleship Tegetthoff battleships]]. 
Stabilimento Tecnico and Lloyd Triestino are both currently active. In fact these two establishments are the largest industrial organizations in Trieste.

==Page 517==

'''''merged''''' 
Pynchon writes about bilocation in a peculiar sense: not necessarily one person being in two places, but one ''place'' being two (or one language being two, Dutch/Flemish, Serbian/Croatian).

'''Different witnesses.....no longer in either, simply appearing unforseen...''' 
Sounds a lot like the quantum mechanical measurement process. An electron can't be located until a measurement. May be easiest unerstood via the "Schroedinger's cat" picture.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat]

'''Promontorio''' 
In Italian promontorio is headland, a small stripe of mountain-like terrain surrounded on all but one side by see.

'''O.I.C. Bodine''' 
Gotta be Pig Bodine from ''V.'' and ''GR'' and descendant of Fender-Belly Bodine in [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Mason & Dixon''].
:Naw, three different Bodines. (1) Fender-Belly is the patriarch (flourished in the 1760s); (2) the stoker O.I.C. is in his prime in the decade around 1910; (3) Pig serves in WW2 and is still around to go roistering with Benny in the 1960s. The strangest thing about the Bodines—a family with saltwater in their DNA—is that they dropped anchor in Minnesota . . . or ever even visited such an inland spot as [http://www.city.albertlea.org/home.html Albert Lea.]

"O.I.C." is an initialism for Ohio Improved Chester, which is a breed of hog. Jack London actually [http://www.jacklondons.net/palace.html raised them on his ranch]. As has been pointed out, "O.I.C." standing for "Officer in Charge" in the Bodine context is a non-starter, as Bodine is neither an officer nor in charge of anything. He's a stoker, one of the lowest class of laborers aboard. Also, "oic" does have a piggish ring to it ("oink" without the "n"). And of course it also works as Internet slang: "Oh, I see," although this sounds a bit too cutesy for Pynchon, IMHO, and besides, as pointed out above, O.I.C. Bodine ain't the Bodine seen in other Pynchon novels, but most likely the father or uncle of Pig of ''V.'' and ''Gravity's Rainbow''.

In ''V.'', Pig's first appearance in a Pynchon novel (he also appears in "Lowlands," a Pynchon short story Flange's "big gaping [[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day|idiot]] buddy"), he brags of his Harley motorcycle (called Hogs, in the vernacular): "Ain't an SP car made that can take my Harley." (p.15) Perhaps this Bodine was given the nickname "O.I.C." by his Navy buddies as a joke, ''because'' the initialism stands for a breed of hog ''and'' "Officer in Charge" (which he's far from) ''and'' sounds like a pig's utterance (We know his putative son's or nephew's laugh sounds like a pig ("Hyeugh, hyeugh ... it was, as Pig intended, horribly obscene" ''V.'', p.14 so maybe it's inherited). And perhaps Pynchon gave him the last name of Bodine to connect him visually and/or temperamentally with the character Jethro Bodine of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Hillbillies ''The Beverly Hillbillies''] (1962-1971), also a big, not-too-smart goofball.

'''fermented potato mash''' 
Cf Veikko's vodka, [[ATD 81-96#Page 82|page 82]].

'''four shafts''' 
Four propellers.

'''''Mauretania''''' 
HMS Mauretania, launched 1907, sister ship of the ill-fated Lusitania (the sinking of the latter propelled the US into WW I). Served as Cunard liner, troopship, hospital ship in WW I.

'''''Zu befehl, Herr Hauptheitzer''''' 
German: Ready for orders, Chief Stoker. (Should be ''Zu Befehl, Herr Hauptheizer.'')

'''Black Gang''' 
The stoking crew, turned black by coal dust.

'''Oberhauptheitzer''' 
German: Master Chief Stoker. (Should be: ''Oberhauptheizer.'')

'''Mannlicher''' 
German military pistol.

'''''"Dampf mehr!"''''' 
German for "more steam!" (Should be: ''Mehr Dampf!'')
:If this is an error, as it appears to be (and as it's marked by [http://www.glanzundelend.de/glanzneu/pynchonpalm.htm German native speakers]), it may stem from a common phrase such as ''Wir haben keinen Dampf mehr,'' we have no more steam. Is there any remote possibility that ''Dampf mehr!'' was a form used in shipboard orders (spoken or telegraphed) at the time of the action?
:Following up this nagging question, I have found some photos of engine room telegraphs with German on the dials: [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiffstelegraf here] and [http://www.digitalstock.de/detail.php?bildnummer=178966&seite=5&abilder=20&uid=&kategorie= here]. Neither refers to ''Dampf'' at all (instead ''volle Kraft'' = full power, ''volle Fahrt'' = full speed). These finds seem to eliminate the possibility that ''Dampf mehr'' is a phrase Pynchon collected in this context.

'''singlet''' 
Undershirt.

'''syntonic wireless''' 

See [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_397-428#Page_397 p.397] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_219-242#Page_229 p. 229]. The comparison of wireless communications with messages from the spirit world echoes Kipling's short story [http://www.benlo.com/ham/wireless.html Wireless], Scribner's Magazine, August 1902. There are many Kipling echoes in AtD.

==Page 518==

'''ignorant off''' 
Error in first edition. Should be "ignorant of".

'''Marconi room''' 
Radio shack.

'''British and German battle groups were engaged off the Moroccan coast''' 
This could be a reference to the First Moroccan Crisis (a.k.a. Tangier Crisis) taking place between March 1905 and May 1906. This would be in keeping with the timeline of the novel, however, there seems to have been no engagement of troops between British and German forces. On the other hand, this could also be a reference to the Agadir Crisis (a.k.a. The Second Moroccan Crisis) of 1911 where the German gunboat, Panther, was deployed to the Moroccan port of Agadir, threatening British naval supremacy. Although the later altercation seems unlikely given the timeline of the story, Pynchon notes that the S.S. Stupendica received its message "from somewhere else not quite in the world, more like from a continuum lateral to it."

'''design maximum of nine degrees''' 
''Maximilian'' will right herself from a nine-degree heel but may be in trouble if she leans over farther.

'''nymphs''' 
Stage in the life cycle of many insects, including the cockroach.

'''''"Porca miseria"''''' 
Italian: good grief, for heaven's sake, dammit.

==Page 519==

'''tight circle''' 
Military as inane as circus clowns.

'''southeast by east''' 
The compass rose has 32 points, each 11 and a quarter degrees from the next. Southeast by east is one point to the east of southeast, i.e., 123 and three-quarters degrees clockwise from north.

'''deeper levels''' 
(Eg particle vs wave?)

'''A "deeper level" where dualities are resolved''' 
Engine room is far below the main deck, therefore a deeper level. The ''Stupendica/Maximilian'' duality is resolved there because it's a shared space.

'''Chinese''' 
???

Maybe the allusion refers to Chinese boxes, one box containing another box, containing another, etc? In the last box, at the "deeper level" dualities are resolved... don't know...

'''''nicht wahr''''' 
German: aint it true?

'''Graz''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz] is the capital of the Austrian province of Styria. It is the second largest city, after Vienna, in Austria. Graz's old town is one of the best-preserved city centers in Central Europe and is on the UNESCO list of World Cultural Heritage Sites.

'''bilge-crab''' 
Most likely an insult meaning "below-decks crew".

==Page 520==

'''a Teutonic''' 
Ethnically a German.

'''Tangier''' 
a seaport in Northern Morocco on the west end of the Strait of Gibralta, about 500 miles northeast from Agadir, another Atlantic seaport. (Casablanca is midway between them.)

'''Mulai Ahmed er-Raisuli''' 
Infamous Morrocan outlaw/warlord. From this [http://www.explorers.org/publications/books_club/imprint/housetears.php website]: "Several decades before Saddam Hussein, Osama bin Laden, and Islamic insurgents, an international crisis ignited between the United States and the Middle East. In May 1904 Moroccan warlord Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli kidnapped Ion Perdicaris, a wealthy Greek-American resident of Tangier, in an attempt to extort money from the Sultan of Morocco. President Theodore Roosevelt responded with his "big stick" approach to diplomacy by dispatching a squadron of seven battleships to the Moroccan coast with the order: "Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead." The nine-week standoff, with US troops and ships in Tangier Bay and Raisuli holding fort in the mountains, exposed the impotence of emerging American power and a critical misunderstanding about Moroccan politics. When it was discovered that Perdicaris was not an American citizen after all, the US government kept the embarrassing episode a secret until 1933. Profiting royally from the conflict, Raisuli built his palace, which he called the "House of Tears"." [http://www.capitalcentury.com/1904.html another source]

'''Agadir, Queen of the Iron Coast''' 
Agadir is a city in southwest Morocco, capital of the Souss-Massa-Dra region. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agadir Wikipedia] From the [http://www.jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/MOL_MOS/MOROCCO.html Encyclopedia Britannica]: "Sixty miles farther south lies Mogador, beyond which the coast becomes more and more inaccessible and dangerous in winter, being known to navigators as the " Iron Coast." From Cape Sim (Ras Tagriwalt), to m. south of Mogador, the direction is due south to Cape Ghir (Ighir Ufrani), the termination of Jebel Ida u Taman, a spur of the Atlas. Beyond this headland lies Agadir (Agadir Ighir), the Santa Cruz Mayor or Santa Cruz de Berberia
of the Spaniards, formerly known as the Gate of the Sudan.' It is a little town with white battlements three-quarters of a mile in circumference, on a steep eminence 600 ft. high." [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=AGADIR old postcards from Agadir]

'''''colonists''...justify German interests...shadow-colonists''' 
In July 1911, the german gunboat "Panther" approached the harbour of Agadir under the pretext to protect german citizens from Sus-tribesmen, resulting in the "Agadir-Crisis" and nearly triggering WW I three years early. As there were no german citizens to protect in Agadir, so one had to be dispatched from Mogador. See [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/boshtml/bos137.htm Morocco Crisis of 1911.] and [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/05/23/its_not_the_first_war_under_false_pretenses/ source]

'''...destined for plantation...''' 
Typo in First Edition.
???

'''Sus... Susi''' 
The Sous Basin [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souss Wikipedia] and it‘s inhabitants, probably.

'''Abdel Aziz''' 
Sultan of Morocco 1894-1908 (aged 10-24yrs.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelaziz_of_Morocco Wikipedia]

'''Canaries''' 
Canary Islands, about 80 miles off Morocco‘s Atlantic coast [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_islands Wikipedia]

'''Many would go crazy and set out in small boats...''' 
Another paramorpic mirror image of our century. The Canaries, a Spanish possession, are the goal of untold thousands of would-be African entrants to the EU, i.e. a route of illegal immigration.

'''Lübeck''' 
Lübeck is the second-largest city in Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck Wikipedia]

'''Berbers''' 
The Berbers (also called Amazigh people or Imazighen, "free men") are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. In actuality, Berber is a generic name given to numerous heterogeneous ethnic groups that share similar cultural, political, and economic practices. It is not a term originated by the group itself. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people Wikipedia]. Berbers of southwestern Morocco usually belong to the ones known as Chleuhs [http://c.1asphost.com/imazighen/chleuhs/algeria.htm pics]

==Page 521==

'''tree-climbing goats''' 
Can be seen often, esp. in Morocco [http://www.markhorrell.com/travel/morocco/antiatlas/goats3.html Pic]

'''argan trees''' 
The Argan (Argania spinosa, syn. A. sideroxylon Roem. & Schult.) is a species of tree endemic to the calcareous semi-desert Sous valley of southwestern
Morocco. It is the sole species in the genus Argania. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argan_tree Wikipedia]

'''Gnaoua''' 
The Gnawa or Gnaoua refers at once to a style of Moroccan music with sub-Saharan Africa origins or influence, an ethnic group and religious order at least in part descended from former slaves from Sub-Saharan Africa or black Africans migrated in caravans with the Trans-Saharan trade, or a combination of both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnawa Wikipedia] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/english/gallery/music/gnawa.html more on Gnaoua] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/french/galerie/musique/mp3/gnaoua.mp3 Gnaoua music sample mp3] [http://www.ibiblio.org/gnawastories/GNAWA%20STORIES20cDRIVE.swf nicely made site on Gnawa]

'''''mlouk gnaoui''''' 
Mlouk is the plural of melk, a supernatural entity envoked in the Gnawa rituals. Various types are known and they are distinguished by colors. The following is a google translation of the relevant paragraph from [http://www.bladi.net/2556-les-differents-aspects-de-la-culture-gnaouie.html this site]: "The mlouk are of male or female sex, Moslems or Jews. Their color corresponds to their origins. Thus one distinguishes the mlouks from the sea (bahriyin) to which one allots the light blue; the celestial ones (samaouiyin), have as a color dark blue; the mlouk of the forest (rijal el ghaba), originating in Africa, have as a color the black just like the mlouk pertaining to the troop of Sidi Mimoun, finally the red mlouk (Al homar), related to blood and which haunt the slaughter-houses, have as a color the red. The white and the green, colors symbols of Islam sunnite, are reserved to the called upon saints, in particular Moulay Abdelkader Jilali and Chorfa. To the female mlouk three colors are allotted: the yellow for the coquettery of Lala Reflected, the red for Lala Rkia for its capacity to cure the menorrhagia and the black for Lala Aïcha Kendisha because of its Sudanese origin. The Jewish mlouks which are sometimes called upon after the troop of the female mlouk have the black color. Incense fumigations of various perfumes accompany the invocations by these mlouks, with a preference however for the benzoin or jaoui."

'''Seigneurs Noirs''' 
French: Black Lords. According to the above translation, those most probably are jewish mlouks.

'''Bardo State''' 
Tibetan Bhuddist belief in a state between two mortal incarnations, during which one has direct perception of reality--for better or worse, Karmically speaking. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo]

'''Habsburg navy''' 
Austrian Navy

'''Mogador road''' 
Mogador" is a city and tourist resort in Morocco, near Marrakech on the Atlantic coast. (31°30′47″N)
Mogador is another name for Essaouira [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogador Wkipedia] about 70 miles north of Agadir. [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=MOGADOR old postcards Mogador]

'''Tawil Balak''' 
In the Liner Notes for the Album "Love Songs of Lebanon" [http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/trackdetail.aspx?itemid=29129 downloadable from this site] the song ''Tawil Balak Ya Habboub'' translates as "Patience, My Love" - Tawil Balak being the Patience part. (Thats one nice soundtrack, btw!)

"Tawil", according to web-searches, is arabic for "allegorical explanation/interpretation/exegese" (of the Qu‘ran and Sunna texts). "Balak" might refer to the according Tora reading (Parsah) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balak_%28parsha%29 Wikipedia]. cf. Balaam‘s Ass p. 432. Do the cosmopolitan regulars at the bar like Moises spend their time interpreting holy texts?

'''Rahman''' 
???

'''Ostend''' 
a seaport in northwest Belgium. ''Ostende'' in German and French. It is the largest city at the Belgian North Sea coast. (It is about 1,700 miles from Agadir, Morocco.)

'''''Fomalhaut''''' 
The Maritime Digital Encyclopedia lists a "Dutch Vessel" named "Formalhaut" [http://www.ibiblio.org/maritime/photolibrary/displayimage.php?album=lastup&cat=688&pos=0 pic].

According to several websites [http://skytonight.com/news/3310401.html?showAll=y&c=y 1] [http://www.skyscript.co.uk/pis_aus.html 2] [http://www.icoproject.org/star.html 3] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomalhaut Wikipedia] etc. Fomalhaut is the 17th or 18th brightest star as seen from our planet and is located in the constellation called Pisces Austrinus (Southern Fish). The name derives from the Arabic Fum (or Fam) al-Hut, meaning "Mouth of the Fish" or according to a few web-resources the contributor has just visited, "Mouth of the Whale". The latter would mean its a strong connotation with the Biblical Legend of Jonah and the Whale (see annotations for this page below (not a spoiler, i hope).

Among most readers of Science-Fiction "Fomalhaut" is a location as common as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldebaran "Aldebaran"] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_%28constellation%29 "Cassiopeia"].

As per today (07 01 10) the Wikipedia-Entry on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon_Fomalhaut Demon Fomalhaut] is just a stub. According to most sites the contributor just visited, claiming credibility in the Book of Enoch [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Enoch Wikipedia] and due to some more non-canonical catergorizations, Fomalhaut seems to be a member of the infamous gang of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallen_angel Fallen Angels], a daredevil companero to Lucifer that is. This sub-summation in a hierarchy of angels might refer to some astrological/-nomical constellations of the star Fomalhaut as is.

As usual, with TP, we dont know for sure if theres some outlandish pun intended/-cluded in the name of a person or thing. What, to give variety to it, about a german compositive noun? Ger. "formal" = formal (like in formal behavior) + "haut" = skin; "Formal Skin".

'''Moïsés''' 
???

'''Jonah... Massa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonah Jonah Wikipedia Entry] [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/jonah/jonah.html "Jonah on the Web"] From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco website]: "Some 60 m. farther south (from Agadir), at the mouth of a river known by the same name, is the roadstead of Massa, with a mosque popularly reputed the scene of Jonah's restoration to terra firma."

==Page 522==

'''Two Fishes, two Jonahs, two Agadirs?''' 
The Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 mentions rabbinic literature regarding two fishes - one male, one female - having swallowed Jonah: check out the "fish" paragraph [http://72.14.221.104/search?q=cache:8_12F1Yp1YoJ:www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp%3Fartid%3D388%26letter%3DJ+jonah+encyclopedia&hl=de&gl=at&ct=clnk&cd=1 here]. Both Tarshish (Cadiz), the "Agadir" in southwestern Spain, and Agadir in Morocco likely were founded by the Phoenicians: "Cadiz bears a Phoenician name, a deformation of Gaddir (wall), which we find in the Berber city of Agadir in Morroco." [http://faculty.uml.edu/jgarreau/50.315/Europ1.htm source]

Pynchon is riffing on Ch. 9 of Moby Dick where Father Mapple reads the biblical story of Jonah and talks about Tarshish being Cadiz and how that shows that he was trying to escape his fate for some unnammed "disobedience". Melville bilocates "god" and "man", insisting that the two forces are at odds. Melville also implicitly draws a parallel between Jonah and Ahab who rails against his being peglegged by Moby Dick and seeks revenge against the whale who ultimately consumes him, and Ishmael who humbly accepts his punishment and so survives to tell his tale. In AtD, the Moby Dick resonances ring most clearly in the Traverse bros/sis seeking revenge against sociocultural pieties for inflicting loss & grief & pain on the undeserving; the correspondence b/w the anarchist preacher Moss Gatlin and the ex-harpooner minister Mapple; Lew's mysterious penance and Webb's divided loyalties and now the story of Jonah and his fugitive flight, not unlike Kit's running from his troubles. Also, the name Fom al-Haut comes from scientific Arabic فم الحوت fam al-ħūt (al-janūbī) "the mouth of the (southern) fish/whale"

'''kashbah''' 
Wikipedia entries on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasbah Kasbah] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casbah Casbah] [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/AGADIR/agadir-la-casbah-vue-en-avion.jpg The Casbah of Agadir as seen from above]

'''Ighir Ufrani''' 
a.k.a Cape Ghir, a cape north of Agadir.

'''''Mogador herring''...''alimzah''...''tasargelt''''' 
From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco Morocco Entry]: "Occasionally a small shoal (of mackarel) may be found as far south as Mogador. Soles, turbot, bream, bass, conger eel and mullet are common along the coast, and southern Morocco is visited occasionally by shoals of a large fish called the azlimzah (sciaena aquila), rough scaled and resembling a cod, and the tasargelt (Temnodon saltator), the "blue fish" of North America. Crayfish, prawns, oysters and mussels swarm in the rocky places, but the natives have no proper method of catching them, and edible crabs seem unknown. The tunny, pilchard and sardine, and a kind of shad known as the "Mogador herring," all prove at times of practical importance."

azlimzah (sciaena aquila) [http://www.finerareprints.com/animals/histoire_naturelle/vol_hn_fish_4999.htm pic] (the lower one).

tasargelt (Temnodon saltator) [http://www.amatorbalikci.net/resimupload/lufer.jpg pic] (not sure if this is the real thing!)

'''scruff''' 
???

'''Staketsel''' 
According to the [http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staketsel Dutch Wikipedia] and its link to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier english site] this means "pier". [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=oostende&name=20040909-004 pic]

'''lazarettes''' 
Below-decks storage space in the stern of a vessel. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarette].

'''''mon chou''''' 
"My cabbage." A french term of affection.

==Page 523==

'''moon deck''' 
???

'''lower orlop''' 
Lowest deck of a multi-decked vessel (OED).

'''lateen-riggers''' 
Boats or larger craft with triangular sails rigged fore-and-aft (picture: [http://www.carfilhiot.co.uk/media/1/20050607-rig.jpg]common in the Mediterannean [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateen] after introduction by the Romans in the 3rd century.

'''Dally had expected Bria would be the first...''' 
Editorial error? If one substitutes "Dally" with "Erlys" this sentence makes much more sense.

I hesitate to assign such sloppiness to the notoriously meticulous Pynchon and his editorial team. Note that the previous sentence conflates Dally and Erlys's uncertainty about the romantic setback. And note earlier (p 512) Dally was scandalized (facetiously) over Bria's shameless and un-chaperon-like interest in Root.

==Page 524==

'''exhilirated''' 
Second occurrence of this misspelling of ''exhilarated.'' (Cf. page 236, line 38: "exhiliration".)

'''Piazza Grande''' 
The central square in many Italian cities.

'''Denza''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page 353|page 353]]. Luigi Denza (1846-1922), Italian composer, most famous for his "Funiculi, funicula".

'''Antonio Smareglia''' 
Italian opera composer (1854-1929).

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 489-524

2010-08-27T21:58:48Z

Bangorang: /* Page 522 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 489==

'''Neville . . . Nigel''' 
Lew's rescuers after the attempt to blow him up in Colorado, page 185. These two characters remind one of Looney Tunes Goofy Gophers.

'''stage left or audience left?''' 
A theater has two directions called left. "Stage left" is to the left of the performers as they face the audience. "House left" or "audience left" is to the left of an audience member facing the stage.

'''desolate sighs''' 
(They're not gay?)

'''embryo Apostlet''' 
The Cambridge Apostles, also known as the Cambridge Conversazione Society, is an elite intellectual secret society at Cambridge University, founded in 1820 by George Tomlinson, a Cambridge student who went on to become the Bishop of Gibraltar. Undergraduates being considered for membership are called "embryos" and are invited to "embryo parties," where members judge whether the student should be invited to join. "-let" is a common suffix that denotes smallness or youth, like droplet (small drop) or piglet or eyelet &c &c..., thus, a young Apostle. [[Cambridge Apostles|More on the Cambridge Apostles and the Cambridge spy ring...]]

'''Cyprian Latewood''' 
The name connects the character to the Greek demigod Orpheus. When Cyprian arrives, with Reef and Yashmeen, at the convent in the Balkans (Thrace) ([[ATD_946-975#Page 956|p. 956]]), he is greeted with "Welcome home." Thrace was the birthplace of Orpheus.

'''"Cyprian":''' 
:After Orpheus loses Eurydice forever by turning to see if she's still following him out of the underworld, he never loves another woman, turning instead to young boys. One of Greek god Apollo's beloved boys, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyparissus Cyparissus], loves a beautiful tame stag that he accidentally kills with a spear. In his grief, Apollo turns him into a cypress tree. The Cypress was one of the trees Orpheus charmed with song, according to [[Cyprian Latewood|Ovid in his ''Metamorphoses'']].

'''"Latewood":''' 
:The "late wood" is the outer portion of the growth ring on a tree, more dense than the "early wood" which appears early in the growing season, appearing later in the season, usually summer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_ring Wikipedia entry]. The tree connection is strong. It was said that Orpheus could even charm the trees, and Rilke (who figures prominently in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow'']) in the first of his ''Sonnets to Orpheus'', begins:

::Tree arising! O pure ascendance!
::Orpheus Sings! Towering tree within the ear!
::Everywhere stillness, yet in this abeyance:
::seeds of change and new beginnings near.

[[Cyprian Latewood|More about this connection...]]

All very interesting, but let's not forget the obvious:
'the Cyprian' in classical literature is a standard name for Aphrodite/Venus, goddess of love, because she was born in Cyprus, from the waves, as in the famous picture by Botticelli that plays a role in 'V' ('She hangs on the Western Wall'). 
And so, by association, 'a follower of Aphrodite', and in later usage, according to Webster, a prostitute.

:if we were looking for yet another sexual innuendo, it would be interesting to note that the French word "cyprine" (the pronounciation of which is very similar to "Cyprian") describes the vaginal secretions that occur during the period of sexual arousal. The origin of this word can be traced back to the explanation above (i.e. Aphrodite). As for Late''wood'', well, that's kind of self-explanatory, no?

'''sod''' 
Common use; short for ''sodomite.''

'''Eastern wog''' 
Cf p222.

'''The German Sea''' 
A public house; the name occurs again with a different meaning at the end of this chapter.

'''sub-Clerkenwell''' 
Clerkenwell is a neighborhood in London that has a reputation for producing the highest quality of watches, clocks and jewellery. A sub-Clerkenwell trinket would be a poorly made trinket

'''annoyance''' 
(Why?)
:the other's penis seemed larger than one's own?
::Annoyance not because of the penises but because they are rivals. Lethargic not because of the penises but because they aren't getting anywhere in their courtship. Finally, "each regarding the other's penis" because even straight men can't deny that that's one of the things they look at in the steamroom.

Note that ''annoyance'' is a synonym for ''inconvenience''.

==Page 490==

'''gyps''' 
A gyp is a college servant, whose office is that of a gentleman's valet, waiting on two or more collegians in the University of Cambridge. He differs from a bed-maker, inasmuch as he does not make beds; but he runs on errands, waits at table, wakes men for morning chapel, brushes their clothes, and so on. His perquisites are innumerable, and he is called a "gyp" (Greek: vulture) because he preys upon his employer like a vulture. At Oxford they are called scouts. [http://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/brewers/gyp.html]

[[image:ByronsPool.jpg|thumb|Byron's Pool|100px|right]]'''Byron's Pool''' 
A conservation area in Cambridge. The pool is named after the romantic poet Lord Byron, who is believed to have enjoyed swimming there. Byron studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, starting in 1805.

'''"Div!"''' 
Probably short for "divine!" Of course, if these kids were Vectorists they would be aware of the double ''entendre'' with the '''div''' (divergence) operator.

'''"Whizzo!"''' 
An early-twentieth century English slang expression of delight. Uttered earlier, by Neville or Nigel, on introducing Lew to the Tarot deck, page 186.

'''''"That'' is that of which ''I'' speak!"''' 
prob. homosexuality. cf. "I am the Love that dare not speak its name." -- Lord Alfred Douglas's poem 'Two Loves' in ''Chameleon'' ca. 1896.

Made more famous as an utterance by Oscar Wilde during his trial for sodomy. His response: '"The Love that dare not speak its name" in this century is such a great affection of an elder for a younger man as there was between David and Jonathan, such as Plato made the very basis of his philosophy, and such as you find in the sonnets of Michelangelo and Shakespeare.[...]. It is intellectual, and it repeatedly exists between an elder and a younger man, when the elder man has intellect, and the younger man has all the joy, hope and glamour of life before him."

: This seems wrong, given the typical Pynchon scene of males ogling/desiring women. There is no homosexuality invloved with these guys
but a "'range' [again] of remarks" and 'all-night rhapsodizing' over the beauty of naked women. This line "That, etc." seems more likely a comic spin on a famous line which we know Pynchon has alluded to before [V.]: Wittgenstein's "whereof I can not speak, thereof I must remain silent" from the Tractatus. He could NOT not speak of their nakedness.

This whole scene is reminiscent, perhaps, of the biblically famous Susannah and the Elders, where she, too, is watched appreciatively bathing. Wallace Stevens, among others, has a famous poem about it.

::All this about homosexuality is useful knowledge, but (a) the men here are motivated by lust directed at ''women'' and (b) this is among the "catchphrases of [a] day" when Oscar Wilde's love could not yet even speak its name. "''That'' is that of which ''I'' speak!" is a Pynchon trick, taking a 20th-21st century expression and paramorphically projecting it back in time. At the university it was upper-class and refined; today it has become a vulgarism, "That's what I'm talkin' about!" Other examples: "high susceptibility to primordial variables," page 801 (today "extreme sensitivity to initial conditions"); "as cheerful as a finch," page 21 ("as happy as a lark").

Exactly as in the last paragraph, a poke at the currently colloquial:
"That's what I'm talkin' about!"

'''Cloisters Court''' 
Cloisters Court, part of Girton College, Cambridge University.

'''King's''' 
King's College, Cambridge University.

'''Queen Anne's Gate''' 
Some part of the British Home Office is, or was, located in the London (Westminster) street named Queen Anne's Gate.
: According to Wikipedia the British Home Office resided there from 1978 to 2004, so this is unlikely. Since the 1860's until recently, however, parts of the British secret service had their offices at Queen Anne's Gate - the context suggests that the N's report to that.

'''inconvenience''' 
Not sure what connection Pynchon is making here, but the word inconvenience could not come up accidentally in this novel.

True enough. The word seems to keep cropping up, too, but nonchalantly. By this point in the novel, I had already been kicking myself for not circling every prior use of the word.

For what it's worth, one of my Google searches for "inconvenience" yielded this bit of Pynchon-worthy information:

:John Evelyn, one of members of the Invisible College (the group that founded the Royal Society of the United Kingdom), published one of the first books on pre-industrial air pollution in 1661, '''''Fumufugium''': or, The Inconvience of the Aer, and Smoak of London Dissipated''.

:The first two paragraphs of Part I:

:It is not without some considerable ''Analogy'', that sundry of the ''Philosophers'' have named the ''Aer'' the ''Vehicle of the Soul'', as well as that of the Earth, and this frail Vessell of ours which contains it; since we all of us finde the benefit which we derive from it, not onely for the necessity of Respiration and functions of the Organs; but likewise for the use of the ''Spirits'' and ''Primigene Humors'', which doe most neerly approach that Divine particle. But we shall not need to insist, or refine much on this sublime Subject; and, perhaps, it might scandalize scrupulous Persons to pursue to the height it may possibly reach (as ''Diogenes'' and ''Anaximenes'' were wont to ''Deifie'' it) after we are past the ''Aetherial'', which is a certain ''Aer'' of ''Plato's'' denomination, as well as that of the lesse pure, more turbulent and dense, which, for the most part, we live and breath in, and which comes here to be examined as it relates to the design in hand, the City of ''London'', and the environs about it.

:It would doubtlesse be esteemed for a strange and extravagant ''Paradox'', that one should affirme, that the ''Aer'' itself is many times a potent and great disposer to ''Rebellion'' [note JE's book was printed right after Prince Charles' restoration]; and that ''Insulary people'', and indeed, most of the ''Septentrion Tracts'', where this ''Medium'' is grosse and heavy, are extremely versatile and obnoxious to change both in Religious and Secular Affaires: Plant the Foote of your Compasses on the very ''Pole'', and extend the other limb to 50 ''degrees of Latitude'': bring it about 'till it describe the Circle, and then reade the Histories of those Nations inclusively, and make the Calculation.

'''Newnham''' 
An all-women's college at Cambridge, founded in 1871.

'''Wrangleresses''' 
Made-up: top female Math Scholars at Cambridge. Top students were called Wranglers, all male at this time. "Cambridge University and within it of the Mathematics Tripos, the competitive graduation examination process that ranked candidates in order of “Wrangler”" ...

'''Phillippa Fawcett''' 
Typo, should be Philippa Fawcett (1868-1948). She was educated at Newnham College, Cambridge. In 1890, she was the first woman to score the highest mark at Mathematics Tripos at Cambridge. She served as a College Lecturer in mathematics at Newnham College for 10 years. [http://www.agnesscott.edu/Lriddle/WOMEN/fawcett.htm]

'''Grace Chisholm and Will Young''' 
Grace Chisholm (1868-1944), an English mathematician. She went to Girton College, Cambridge in 1889 to study mathematics. Since no women were accepted to graduate schools in England, after graduation She went to the University of Göttingen to continue her mathematics education and received her PhD there in 1895. The following year she married William Young (1863-1942), one of her tutors at Girton and also a mathematician. (''romances with one's tutors à la . . .'') Grace Chisholm and Will Young formed a mathematical married partnetship of real significance. Husband and wife played a major role in set theory research. Between them they wrote 214 mathematical articles and several books, including one on geometry and one on set theory. [http://www.agnesscott.edu/LRIDDLE/WOMEN/young.htm Grace Chisholm] and [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Young.html William Young].

'''nautch-girl''' 
The nautch girl was an Indian traditional dancer in Hindu temple or court performing ritual and religious dances. Her costume generally was of bright color. Pynchon probably refered to Yahsmeen's beautiful but exotic, extraordinary look and poise.
[[http://www.hitchams.suffolk.sch.uk/india_art/starter/nautch_girls.htm nautch girl]].

And then, through the medium of carnivals, she became an exotic dancer. This whole phrase "nautch-girl extravagance of looks and self-possession" refers to the sense of dominance the stripper feels over the yawps in the audience. Which figures in the key scene of the musical ''Gypsy'' (1959, book by Arthur Laurents, music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim).
And an [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|annotation to p. 125]] ("red as a cursed ruby") points to a weird ''AtD'' nautch girl connection.

'''socio-acrobatic aggrandizement''' 
'social climbing'

'''''opium beer''''' 
laudanum?, if not literally.

'''duc de Richelieu''' 
Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (September 9, 1585 – December 4, 1642), was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman.

Consecrated as a bishop in 1607, he later entered politics, becoming a Secretary of State in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Church and the state, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642;
from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Wikipedia].

:Wrong Richelieu. The duke in question won his big battle at Mahon in 1756. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois_Armand_du_Plessis%2C_duc_de_Richelieu Here's the Wikipedia link for the right one.]

'''Line and staff''' 
Cyprian's father sees his work in the City as analogous to the profession of arms. Officers in the British and most other armies of the time were classified as "line," those commanding troops, and "staff," those performing administrative and planning functions.

==Page 491==

'''the City''' 
Major banks and other big-money institutions are located in the City of London, a fairly small subset of Metropolitan London.

'''can't ''ever'' tell''' 
Dog-eat-dog capitalism?

'''Reginald "Ratty" McHugh''' 

'''"fifteen years later'''
Reginald nodded appreciatively FIFTEEN YEARS OR SO LATER?...What is going
on here time-wise? 
All the conversation before this line, between Cyprian and his father, is "recalled", having taken place some "fifteen years or so" earlier.

'''one more flag''' 
IE, his father's wallpaper brand.

'''Balkan Sobranies''' 
An upscale brand of cigarette.

'''lilies-and-lassitude humor of the '90s''' 
Cult of Oscar Wilde?
Aubrey Beardsley and the pre-Raphaelites? 
More generally, the 'Aesthetes', not the same as the Pre-Raphaelites. People like Wilde. In Gilbert and Sullivan's 'Patience' the Wilde-like character is described as follows:

Though the Philistines may jostle, 
you will rank as an apostle 
in the high aesthetic band, 
If you walk down Piccadilly 
with a poppy or a lily 
in your medieval hand. 

And ev'ryone will say, 
As you walk your flow'ry way, 
"If he's content with a vegetable love 
which would certainly not suit me, 
Why, what a most particularly pure young man 
this pure young man must be!" 

'''table d'hôte''' 
French: host's table. In a restaurant, a meal chosen by the management, no substitutions please. If the appetizer is shrimp and you don't like shrimp, then don't eat the appetizer.

'''Very well, I contradict myself.''' 
Walt Whitman allusion. See Leaves of Grass. Next line in ADT affirms this.

==Page 492==

'''divine . . . prosaic''' 
(Walt Whitman was of course prosaic himself before he became divine.)

'''xanthocroid''' 
Prefix xantho- is from Greek and means yellow. Does the whole word mean "yellow-haired"? Yes, i.e. blondes.

'''Capsheaf''' 
Is this a third speaker, or another name for Ratty? Third speaker. Ratty puts in some words a little bit down the page.

In mathematics, a sheaf is the basic tool for expressing relationships between small regions of a space and large regions. Beginning with a topological space X, a sheaf assigns to every region (technically, open set) U of X some data F(U), such as a set, a group, or a ring. Often these data are a collection of geometric objects defined on that region, such as functions, vector fields, or differential forms. The data can be restricted to smaller regions, and compatible collections of data can be glued to give data over larger regions. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheaf_%28mathematics%29 wikipedia entry]

'''viva''' 
Slangy short form of ''viva voce,'' an oral examination.

'''Crayke''' 
Crayke is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England, about two miles east of Easingwold. Relevant?

Also, "crake" designates various species in the family [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crake Rallidae], which also includes rails, coots, gallinules, and swamphens. Crakes and rails generally are medium-sized, ground-dwelling birds, with adaptations of the foot suited to wetlands.

'''spot of audit''' 
[http://www.andrewcusack.com/blog/2006/12/drink_audit_ale.php Audit ale,] a strong ale served on a few special days. Some colleges at British universities brew their own or contract it out.

'''Shetland''' 
Shetland Islands, an island group northeast of the Orkney Islands, comprising a county of Scotland.

'''Shetland ponies''' 
one of a breed of small but sturdy, rough-coated ponies raised originally in the Shetland Islands.

'''''D'accord''''' 
French: right, OK.

'''reputation for viciousness''' 
The Shetland pony breed has a repuation for viciousness, even if this reputation isn't entirely accurate.

'''Arab''' 
Arabian hourse. One of a breed of horses, raised originally in Arabia and adjacent countries, noted for their intellegence, grace, and speed.

'''Thoroughbred''' 
One of a breed of horses, to which all race horse belong, originally developed in England by crossing Arbian stallions with European mares.

'''croft''' 
Farm.

'''Mainland''' 
The name of one of the 29 inhabited islands in the Shetland Islands, Scotland, UK. It is the largest island in Shetland Islands, the third largest in Great Britian.

'''Mavis Grind''' 
A narrow isthmus joining the Northmavine peninsula to the rest of Mainland in the Shetland Islands, UK. The name means "gate of the narrow isthmus" in the local dialect. Mavis Grind is said to be the only place in the UK where you can toss a stone across land from the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

'''orthopædic journals''' 
Both prof and pony have to do some twisting in order to get the act done. Their skeletal disorders will, erhhm, ''spur'' the interest of orthopædists. Especially if she kicks.

'''Dymphna''' 
After [http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/saintd01.htm St. Dymphna,] whose intercession is effective against insanity, possession and epilepsy. Her shrine at Gheel, Belgium, has since the 11th century been a refuge for persons with mental illness and intellectual disability. The afflicted wealthy went to the shrine to be cured; they were boarded with townspeople, beginning a tradition of adult foster care for persons with mental illness which continues to this day; Gheel is a designated state psychiatric hospital center, at which all the patients live in foster family homes.

'''decks full of hearts''' 
(52 or 13 per deck?)

==Page 493==

'''Thucydides... remind me''' 
Thucydides' book is an account of the Peloponnesian war, organized in a rather difficult method in which all the actions of one season are described before proceeding to the next. Here are some erotic possibilities in it, however: 
-Pericles, in his famous funeral oration, says the citizen ought to have an eros for the city. 
-At one point some Athenians are lured out of a garrison by way of a gymnastic (that is male, nude) demonstration. 
-On the eve of the fateful Sicilian expedition, all the oversized phalloi of the hermes are mysteriously knocked off. One of the generals on the expedition, Alcibiades, is accused of the offense and is eventually called called back. In Plato's Symposium Alcibiades drunkenly crashes the party and confesses that Socrates has consistently spurned his sexual advances.

In this context, Thucydides is proposed specifically for its non-erotic qualities. In writing his histories, Thucydides attempted to produce a clinical account of the Peloponnesian war without the passion and inaccuracies of previous histories, such as those of Herodotus. Indeed it is hard to imagine a less erotic work. It is suggested for Cyprian Latewood to help him get over his infatuation with Yashmeen.

'''McHugh''' 
Talking to self?

'''''Peeng''-kyeah''' 
Pinky, name given to Yashmeen by the blonde girls, Lorelei, Noellyn an Faun.

'''alfresceehwh''' 
An alfresco, an outdoor gathering. ''-eehwh'' is a rendering of the accent for comic effect.

'''Lorelei, Noellyn, and Faun''' 
Lorelei, more frequently "Loreley": In a famous German myth, a mermaid sitting on a rock by the river Rhine. The rock itself is also named Loreley. With her song, she bewitches the captains of passing ships, who then steer into the rock. The syllable "Ley" derives from a Celtic word for "stone".

Faun: Faunus, the Roman god of fertility, also responsible for nightmares. Fauns are also the Romans counterparts of the Greek "satyrs", followers of Dionysos. Faunus is playing a flute, another connection to music.

Noellyn ?? 
She is No Ellen? 
Echo of Noel?

'''"all blonde, of course"''' 
with all the Germanic mythology around here, possibly a reference to the "blonde/blue-eyed"-cliche of German women. Possible play on light-theme? Blonde (light, reflection) opposed to the dark (absence of light, absorption) Yashmeen?

'''High Albedo''' 
Albedo: power of reflecting light. Blondes reflect more light than brunettes. 
Possibly a citation of ''Gravity's Rainbow'', p. 152 (Viking), "high-albedo stockings".

'''"dark rock...again and again"''' 
cf "Lorelei"

'''Pinky''' 
Nicknames opposite of truth?

''''''sans merci'''''' 
a reference to Keats's 19th century Romantic ballad 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci'. The lady of the title entraps men by making them fall in love with her and abandoning them.

French for "no mercy" or "no pity", or, more precisely in this case: "without mercy". Alludes to Pinky's cold and unforgiving nature.

==Page 494==

'''wrong altar''' 
She, a lesbian, tells him that he 'worships' a woman who is wrong for him.

'''gnomic tenses''' 
Gnomic = marked by aphorisms; aphoristic...'gnomic verse, a gnomic style".
American Heritage Dictionary.

: In Greek the gnomic tense is the timeless aorist, i.e. an aorist indicating no special time. In English there is the timeless present tense, e.g. in proverbs. Since the gnomic aorist differs from the usual aorist only in its usage the term "gnomic tenses" seems a little stressed.

'''circs''' 
Short form (typically British): circumstances.

''''If she's not content with a vegetable love'''' 
a reference to Marvell's seventeenth century poem 'To His Coy Mistress'. "Vegetable love" refers to the slow, slow way he would let his love grow, to become "vaster than empires and more slow" had they "world enough and time", but since they don't, since they are in human time, he is trying to 'convince' her to make love with him now. Another interpretation would be female masturbation via vegetables. 
True, but more directly, quoting Gilbert and Sullivan. See comments on p. 491 (lilies-and-lassitude).

'''Rugby blue''' 
To be a 'Rugby blue' means to have represented Oxford (colour: dark blue) or Cambridge (light blue) at Rugby, which is a major European sport, invented, supposedly, at Rugby school in England in the nineteenth century.

'''Mâconnais''' 
This refers to a bargain sub-Burgundian wine that comes from the Macon region of France.

:Bargain? You've obviously never enjoyed a good bottle of Mâcon Villages Cuvée Botrytis Domaine de la Bongran 2000, which, if you decide to treat yourself to a great bottle of white, will set you back at least 180$. It is true, though, that some wine snobs look down on Mâcon Wines because the region doesn't have any Grand Crus or Premier Crus.

<div id="grosssmith">'''George Grossmith...and that jolly Weedon'''</div>
George and Weedon Grossmith, authors of the sublime, hillarious 'Diary of a Nobody', which gave the world the adjective 'pooterish'. Undoubtedly an influence on Pynchon's depictions of the 'oh dear' side of Englishness. Pooter is a 'nobody' who decides to publish his diaries, even though he is of no interest and nothing of any note occurs. A prototypical blogger, some might suggest. Originally published in Punch magazine (I think), set in late 19th Century. Don't know if the Grossmiths went to Cambridge, will check....

The elder George Grossmith performed in Gilbert and Sullivan works. He was not university-educated. The younger G.G. was also a noted performer and collaborated with P.G. Wodehouse.

[plenty of info here: http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/english/DON/Diary_Home.htm]

==Page 495==

'''Junior or Senior?''' 
expressions used at traditional English (independent) schools to refer to younger and older brothers. Thus Smith Junior or Smith Senior.—

I don't think this is correct - the junior/senior here just refers to the question of whether it's Grossmith the father or Grossmith the son. The traditional expression for younger and older brothers is minor/major. So Smith major would be the elder Smith brother, Smith minor the younger brother.[[User:Geb|Geb]] 19:49, 10 April 2008 (PDT)geb

See [[#grossmith|Grossmith entry]] on preceding page.

'''"Small hands, some evidence of early trauma, cp. Wilhelm II file"''' 
Wilhelm II suffered an injury at birth and had a withered arm. All his photographs show him with the "small hand" in his pocket.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II_of_Germany From Wikipedia]: 
William II, German Emperor (1859-1941), Reigned 1888-1918.

The role of William II in German history is sometimes a controversial issue in historical scholarship. Initially seen as an important, but embarrassing figure in German history until the late 1950s, for many years after that, the dominant view was that he had little or no influence on German policy leading up to the First World War. This has been challenged since the late 1970s, particularly by Professor John C. G. Röhl who saw William II as the key figure in understanding the recklessness and subsequent downfall of Imperial Germany.

'''"Map of the World"''' 
Like it says in the text, simply what Renfrew calls all his data.

Although the name is possibly of some significance! Renfrew's dossiers could act as a way of divining holistic truth from a series of perspectives or projections. Obviously interpreting this data requires the correct viewing individual, or "lens." In this way, Renfrew's "Map" is not unlike the Sfinciuno Itinerary.

Ah, I think it worth pointing out that Renfrew's dossiers on "everyone' is a paranoid's nightmare. The map is a "map" of what Refrew learns about everyone, not a common meaning of 'map", and reminding this reader of They/Them in ''Gravity's Rainbow'' who have a map of everywhere Slothrop--
and others?--appear to be/have been. At least. [[User:MKOHUT|MKOHUT]] 06:55, 3 October 2007 (PDT)

Also brings to mind the Wittgenstein line that TRP alludes to in ''The Crying of Lot 49'': "The world is all that is the case". If Renfrew
could map everything everyone does, he would have the whole [human] world
'mapped'.

'''Newmarket''' 
A famous English race-course, hence the following reference to the 'racing season'. 
And very close to Cambridge.

'''Morse and Vassilev''' 
In 1896-97 the first radio-telegraphic equipment was imported into Bulgaria for the needs of the armed forces and large postal offices. This was the start of Bulgarian National Radio (BNR). At that time, the equipment was used only to transmit Morse code on electro-magnetic waves. Samuel F. B. Morse, an English speaking American, invented Morse code and the telegraph.(On May 24, 1844 he transmitted the first telegraph message: "What hath God wrought!"). BNR at one time was headed by Orlin Vassilev, a Bulgarian playwright. BNR at one time also employed former (Bulgarian) environment minister Valentin Vassilev. 
Charles Morse published a full textbook of Bulgarian grammar in 1860, and compiled the first Bulgarian-English dictionary.#REDIRECT [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian-American_relations]]

'''East Rumelian''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_356|page 356: East Rumelia. ]] Rumelia was a Turkish province in the Balkan Peninsula. East Rumelia lay mostly in what is now Bulgaria.

'''the Treaty of Berlin''' 
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 Russia crushed Turkey and forced it to accept the Treaty of San Stefano. This created a greatly expanded Bulgaria under Russian protection. Britain feared that Russia might spread its control to Constantinople (now Istanbul) and to the Suez Canal, and therefore, with Austria, demanded a revised treaty. Weakened by war, Russia consented. The Treaty of San Stefano was replaced thus by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_%281878%29 the Treaty of Berlin] (1878), the final act of the Congress of Berlin of the Great Britain, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The new treaty recognized the complete independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro. The autonomy of Bulgaria was also recognized but it remained under formal Ottoman overlordship and divied between the Principality of Bulgaria and the autonomous province of ''East Rumelia''. And the Ottoman province of Bosnia was placed uner Austro-Hungarian administration.

'''''zadruga''''' 
Bulgarian: labor cooperative.

'''''tchifliks''''' 
Bulgarian: farms.

'''''gradinarski druzhini''''' 
Bulgarian: gardening (or farming?) associations.

'''gossamer''' 
Sheer, light, delicate, flimsy, airy, tenuous, like a cobweb.

==Page 496==

'''sod . . . pouffe''' 
Derogatory terms for homosexual ("sod" from "sodomite").

'''failed canards''' 
Discredited rumors.

'''Lent . . . Easter . . . Long Vacation''' 
''Lent'' is an anual season of fasting and penitence in preparation for ''Easter'', beginning at Ash Wednesday and lasting 40 weekdays to Easter. After ''Lent'', ''Easter'' the school terms would soon glide into the summer recess, the ''Long Vacation.''
 
::At Cambridge University 'Lent Term' is the second term of the academic year (after Christmas), and 'Easter Term' is the third (between Easter and Summer - or 'Long' - vacations.) So 'Lent and Easter' qualifies 'The Terms' in the previous clause: the sense is 'Lent Term and Easter Term went gliding...' (The first term of the Cambridge year, incidentally, is called 'Michaelmas'.)

'''Colonial Office''' 
Defunct British Ministry, later Foreign & Colonial Office, now Foreign & Commonwealth Office.

'''Okhrana''' 
a secret police force of the Russian Empire and part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhrana Wikipedia Entry]

'''Ballhausplatz''' 
Location of the Austrian State Chancellery and Foreign Ministry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballhausplatz Wikipedia Entry]

'''Wilhelmstrasse''' 
Administrative Center of the Kingdom of Prussia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmstrasse Wikipedia Entry]

'''G.F.B. Riemann''' 
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann. A German mathematician who did extensive work in differential geometry. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Riemann Wikipedia Entry]

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Riemann.html Bernhard Riemann] (1826-66), a German mathematician. He studied mathematics at the University of Göttingen and later taught that subject there. He did important work in geometry, complex analysis, and mathematical physics. Riemanm's work on Riemann geometry laid the foundation for Einstein's general relativity. He investigated the Riemann zeta function about which he stated the famous (and still not completely proven) Riemann hypothesis (see below). He died of tuberculosis in Selasca, Italy, at the age of 39.

'''Zeta function . . . conjecture''' 
The Riemann zeta function. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function/ Wikipedia Entry]

The Riemann zeta function is an extremely important special function of mathematics and physics that arises in definite integration and is intimately related with very deep results surrounding the prime number theorem. While many of the properties of this function have been investigated, there remain important fundamental ''conjectures'' (most notably the Riemann hypothesis) that remain unproved to this day. See [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function Zeta function]].

The Riemann hypothesis (''conjecture'') is a conjecture about the distribution of zeros of the Riemann zeta function. The Riemann zeta function is defined for all complex numbers (Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page132|page 132]]) not equal to zero. It has zeros at the negative even integers, (-2, -4, -6 and so on), called trivial zeros. The Riemann hypothesis is concerned with the non-trivial zeros, saying, ''"The real part of any non-trivial zero of the Riemann zeta function is 1/2."'' This conjecture remains unproved. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis Riemann conjecture]].

Riemann's zeta function is also used in the Zipf Probability Distribution [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ZipfDistribution.html], which itself led to the formulation of Zipf's Principle of Least Effort that TRP mined for semantic resonances in GR. [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Zipf%27s_Principle_of_Least_Effort]

''''joint'''' 
Opium den.

'''Bob's your uncle''' 
An English and Commonwealth expression referring to the ease with which something can be done. Still used, though probably more common in the time in which ''Against the Day'' is set. Possible [http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/70100.html derivations].

'''Limehouse''' 
An area of East London that borders on the River Thames near the Isle of Dogs. The name may derive from the fact that sailors were about as this was a point of embarkation for sea journeys. In the late 19th century the area was famous for opium dens [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limehouse Wikipedia].

==Page 497==

'''Knightsbridge''' 
Knightsbridge is a street in Westminster borough, London. Notable for its super rich and famous high profile residents and its exclusive shops. (Recent residents included members of the Saudi royal family, Joan Collins, Gucci, Prince Diana and so on; it's shops included Egyptian Fayed's Harrods, etc . . . ) [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knightsbridge Knightsbridge]].

'''Hôtel Alsace''' 
The propre name is Hôtel d'Alsace. It was, and still is, located at number 13 rue des Beaux-Arts, in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. Oscar Wilde died there, under an assumed named, on november 30th, in 1900, following a two-day agony. Note some similarity of letters between the names Griswold and Wilde (both "sodomite"…). 

Also, Wilde's famous last words (well, recounted as last words but really uttered months before his death) was "either that wallpaper goes, or I do." Cyprian's uncle, Griswold, it seems, had the atrocious decorative taste that shoved Wilde into the great beyond. This is post-Wilde; the avant-garde pose has calcified into a tacky schtick, the "lilies-and-lassitude" 90s, like the foreclosed frontier, a dead duck in the sodomite water.

see "Gris"--four associative definitions that interestingly modify/play with, the name Wilde: gray; a pale rose' (as in vin gris)and Juan Gris, Spanish painter. [http://www.google.com/search?q=define:gris&hl=en&oi=definel&defl=all gris]

'''excess''' 
(So not wholly gossamer?)

'''Coronation Red''' 
The Peer‘s traditional robes at Coronation Day are made of crimson red velvet [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_Monarch Wikipedia] [http://www.geocities.com/noelcox/Peers_Robes.htm website]. Edward VII and Queen Alexandra were crowned at Westminster Abbey on 9 August 1902 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom Wikipedia]

'''Ranji and C.B. Fry''' 
Two notable cricketers who would have been in their prime when the novel is set. Both played for England. 'Ranji' is short for Ranjitsinhji and is how he was familiarly known. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/12930.html C.B. Fry] [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/19331.html Ranji]

'''Australian season''' 
A reference to the Australian cricket season which runs throughout their summer and the European winter.

More likely to refer to the tour of the Australian cricket team to England in the Summer of 1902. Of particular interest is the fact that the Aussies played a match against Cambridge University on June 9-10. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1902 1902 Ashes Tour]

'''New Court''' 
A major building in St John's College (founded 1511), University of Cambridge. It was completed in 1831. It's style is Gothic, a romantic version of a mediaeval building; its basic plan is classical. For pictures and more info [http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/about/tour/new_court New Court].

'''Tavernier-Gravet slide rules''' 
French-made, some with special scales (slope conversions, etc.). [http://discover.com/issues/aug-03/features/featslide/ Photograph.]

'''High Church''' 
Anglican

'''Mags and Nuncs and Matins responsories''' 
A responsory is a form of (Christian) chant (call and response, perhaps), which is here qualified by Latin designations for specific prayers. 
Mags: possibly for ''Magnificat,'' the hymn beginning "My soul doth magnify the Lord"? 
Nunc = Now. For ''Nunc dimittis,'' the prayer beginning "Let thy servant now depart." 
Matin = Morning.

'''Trinity''' 
Trinity College, was founded by Henry VIII in 1546 as part of the Univeristy of Cambridge. Most of its major buildings date from the 16th and 17th centuries. "Princes, spies, poets and prime-ministers have all been taught here." (Trinity's own website [http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php?pageid=2 Trinity])

'''King's''' 
King's College, Cambridge University, was found by Henry VI in 1441. From the first, the College's buildings were intened to be a magnificent display of the power of royal patronage. King's College Chapel, wanted by the King to be without equal in size and beauty and took nearly a century to complete, is one of the greatest examples of gothic architecture. It is also home to the world famous Choir, envisaged by Henry VI for daily singing of services in the chapel. [[http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/visitors/history.html King's]].

'''not Zion''' 
The context indicated that the original meaning Mount Zion, a hill near Jerusalem, was used; i.e. "not Mount Zion".

'''Compline hour''' 
Bedtime. Compline is the last prayers or service of the day.

'''Te Deum''' 
Te Deum = Thou, O God (Latin).

Since "the Te Deum" was used in the text, it meant the ancient Latin hymn of praise to God, in the form of a psalm, sung regularly at matins in the Roman Catholic Church and, usually in an English translation, at Morning Prayer in the Anglican Church, as well as on special occasions as a service of thanksgiving or commemoration. First words of the hymn, which begin; ''Te Deum laudāmus'' (we praise thee God). Te Deum also refers to the musical setting or form of this hymn with a certain structure which Filtham had blotched. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_Deum Wikipedia]

Coincidence? According to the [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14468c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia] there is a discussion among scholars whether the hymn of the Te Deum goes back to a text written by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Cyprian St. Cyprian of Carthage] : "...if the hymn was borrowed from St. Cyprian, why did it not include the "virgines" instead of stopping with "martyrum"?".

'''Khaki Election''' 
A term in British political history. It refered to the British general election of 1900. The reason for this name was that the issues of the election were overshadowed totally by the issue of the (2nd) Boer War (South African War, 1899-1902 [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War Boer War]]), as ''khaki'' was the color of the new army uniform. A ''Khaki Election'' is now applied to any British national election which is heavily influenced by wartime or postwar sentiment. 1918 general election (end of World War I) and 1945 election (end of Wordl War II) were both described as Khaki Elections.

'''Filtham''' 
???

==Page 498==

'''violation of . . . child-labor statutes''' 
If such laws applied to children in the choirs of Cambridge colleges, the great length of the composition would keep them at work too many hours.

'''chromaticism . . . Richard Strauss''' 
Chromaticism refers to the use of the chromatic scale in composing music. Ever since Baroque Period (17th to early 18th century) almost all music were compsoed either in major or minor scale, in which only seven of the twelve tones of the octave were used. Beginning in the late Romanic Period (mid 19th to 20th century) the chromatic scale including all 12 tones of the octave was used. By using the tones that are not "supposed" to be in a certain key, the music thus composed had stronger dissonance and exaggerated tension. 

Richard Strauss (1864-1949) was a German composer of the late Romantic era well known for his tone poems and operas. His ''Also sprach Zarathustra'' (1896), a symphonic poem, was made widely popular by Stanley Kubrick's film ''2001: A Space Odyssey'' in 1968 — the music (especially the brass fanfare opening) introduced the memorable ape/man sequence of the film. His many operas include ''Salome, Der Rosenkavalier, Capriccio'' and others. Chromaticism was not that new to Richard Strauss, but "relentless chromaticism" just might be too "modern" for him.

'''Staindrop''' 
Home of Jeremiah Dixon.

'''"Filtham's Tedium"''' 
(Talk about overlabored puns...)
:"Tedium" is a common humorous way to refer to somebody-or-other's "Te Deum."

'''dress regulations''' 
???

'''Gauss''' 
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), a German mathematician and scientist, and one of the all-time greats. He worked in a wide variety of fields in both mathematics and physics including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. His work has had an immense influence in many areas. Riemann was a student of his at Göttingen. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss Wikipedia].

'''Ramanujan''' 
Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920), one of India's greatest mathematical geniuses. Long before he came to Cambridge and though without any formal university education, Ramanujan made substantial contributions to the anlytical theory of numbers and worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions and infinite series. He, a poor savant from India, was invited in 1914 to Cambridge by G.H. Hardy after he wrote him a letter asking abstruse mathematical questions. In his letter, Ramanujan enclosed a long list of then unproved theorems which he had solved. After his arriving at Cambridge Ramanujan collaborated with G.H. Hardy resulting in important results. He was allowed to enroll in 1914 in Cambridge despite not having the proper qualifications and received a PhD degree in 1916. Plagued by health problems all his life, his health deteriorated rapidly from 1917, and he returned to India in 1919 and died there the following year. Two years before his death, however, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London. [[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Ramanujan.html Ramanujan]]. Therefore,
". . . Ramanujan here at Trinity . . ." could have happened only between 1914 - 1919.

'''revisited, in some way 'relighted' the scene''' 
Light, mental light.

'''display of hurt feelings''' 
Cf p30.

==Page 499==

'''light up''' 
Dark world vs spark of value.

'''ζ-function''' 
Another reference to the Riemann zeta function.

'''Hilbert thinks of nothing else''' 
The Riemann hypothesis is one of the 20 problems put forth by Hilbert in 1900.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert_problem Wikipedia Entry]

'''desire... of rather a specialized sort''' 
???

'''Great Eastern''' 
Railway linking Cambridge and London.

==Page 500==

'''Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia''' 
Sofia Kovalevskaia was the first woman to apply for a mathematics degree at the University of Goettingen in Germany. She was not accepted at the university, but was allowed to tutor under one of the university's math professors. She wrote a paper there that became an important part of the theory of differential equations.

:Kovalevskaia's private math tutor was Weierstrass at Berlin (see below).

''Karl Weierstrass'' (1815-97), a German mathermatician. He attended the University of Bonn studying law, finance and economics instead of mathermatics, the subject he was really interested in and studied out of school. He left the Univeristy of Bonn without a degree and went to the University of Münster for mathematics. Later he became a teacher in the city of Münster. Around 1850 he took a chair at the Technical University of Berlin. For four years (1870-1874) he gave private mathematics lessons to Sofia Kovalevskaia while she was denied the university entrance in Berlin. His investigations were mainly on the topic of "Special Functions": Weierstrass Elliptic Function, Weierstrass Zeta Function, Weierstrass Product Theroem, etc.

''Sofia Kovalevskaia'' (1850-91) Russian mathematician and novelist. She was born in Moscow and showed an interest in mathematics from an early age. When 11 she studied differential and integral analysis from her father's calculus lecture notes that were used as wallpaper in the family house. She was given a special tutor of higher mathematics. At age 18 she entered a "false" marriage (it became genuine later) in order to be able to attend college abroad. In 1869 she enrolled as a provisional student at Heidelberg University. In 1870 she moved to Berlin attempting to study under ''Weierstrass'' and enroll at Berlin University. But the university refused to accept her because of her gender. However, Weierstrass was so impressed by her talent that he gave her private mathematics lessons twice a week for four years. By the spring of 1874, Kovalevskaia had completed three papers. Weierstrass deemed each of these worthy of a doctorate. And with his help, in Kovaleskaia's absence, University of Göttingen granted her a PhD in Mathematics (a historical first) and Master (''summa cum laude'') in Fine Art. In the same year she returned to Russia but failed to get an academic job. She did not practice mathematics for six years but pursued literary work instead. In 1880 she returned to mathematics and applied to teach at universities in Russia but was denied again. Finaly she found employment at Sweden's Stockholm University in 1883. She died of pneumonia in Stockholm in 1891. 
In her short life Kovalevskaia had won a historic place in mathermatics. She was the first woman to receive a doctorate in mathermatics, the first woman to obtain a permanent position on a university faculty in mathematics, the first woman having a place on the editorial staff of a mathematical journal, the first female member of St. Petersburg Academy of Science, and the first woman to win the most prestigeous mathematical contest of her day, an honor equivalent to the winning of a Nobel Prize. Her literary achievements was quite substantial. Her ''Russian Childhood'' won wide acclaim and was translated into many languages (the English edition still available). She had a couple of novels (''Nihilist Girl'' etc.) published as well. She dabbled in playwriting and produced a steady stream of both fiction and nonfiction publications for Russian journals.

'''Pythagorean doctrine''' 
From the text it refers to Pythagorean doctrine of transmigration of souls. Pythagoras and his disciples believed in reincarnation (or metempsychosis), according to which human souls are immortal and are reborn into other animals after death. ("reborn as a vegetable" may be questionable.) 
Perhaps not so questionable. There is, after all, the Pythagorean prohibition against eating beans, wind being 'pneuma' = spirit.

[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pythagora Pythagoras], one of the most famous and controversial ancient Greek philosophers, lived from ca. 570 to ca. 490 BC. He spent his early years on the island of Samos, off the coast of modern Turkey. At the age of 40, he moved to Crotona in southern Italy and most of his philosophical activity occurred there. His philosophical thinking exercised an important influence on the work of Plato. "Pythagoras was famous (1) as an expert on the fate of the soul after death . . .; (2) as an expert on religious ritual; (3) as a wonder-worker who had a thigh of gold and who could be two places at the same time; (4) as the founder of a strict way of life that emphasized dietary restrictions, . . . and rigorous self discipline." (on-line Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). 
Pythagoras was also a famous mathematician best known for the Pythagorean Theorem and the Music of the Spheres. Known as the father of numbers, his philosophy encompassed harmonics in mathematics, music, cosmology, geometry and had a lasting impact on hermeticism, gnosticism and alchemy.

'''sounds like maths''' 
Yashmeen seems to see 'maths' as otherwordly.

'''folio''' 
an edition of a book in pages that fold in half to make the leaves of a codex.

'''four-color chromolithograph''' 
Chromo--in Chemistry, chromium
 
:Nothing to do with chromium. Chromolithography means 'The art of printing in colours from stone' (OED), an early technique for printing in more than one colour. The chromo- prefix is a shortened form of chromato-, a Greek-derived prefix denoting 'to do with colour'.

'''Snazzbury''' 
???

'''Silent Frock''' 
Cf noise-canceling headphones.

'''toilette''' 
No longer in use in modern english, the term 'toilette' indicated a dressing table covered to the floor with cloth (toile) and lace, on which stood a dressing glass, which might also be draped in lace. Wikipedia

It's still used, and in addition to the dressing table meaning, it refers to how somebody is "got up"--dress, makeup and all.

==Page 501==

'''green, white, and mauve stripes''' 
Colors associated with the Suffragette Movement of the time.Diane Atkinson, one of the leading contemporary scholars on the suffrage movement, edited a book, Suffragettes in the Purple, White, and Green London 1906-1914, which served as a catalog at an exhibition of suffrage memorabilia at the Museum of London and which discusses the symbolism. Atkinson notes that the color scheme was devised by Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence, treasurer and co-editor of the weekly newspaper Votes for Women. In the spring 1908 issue of that paper, Pethick-Lawrence explained the symbolism of the colors:

"Purple as everyone knows is the royal colour. It stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of every suffragette, the instinct of freedom and dignity...white stands for purity in private and public life...green is the colour of hope and the emblem of spring."

'''black crepon''' 
The shell is made of black rayon crepon and fully lined to within 2" of bottom hem. From a description of a black [nursing] dress online.

'''Italian-cloth''' 
The Champagne fairs were a circuit of six cloth fairs in the towns of Champagne and Brie, changing location every two months and spanning the year from January to October. At their height, in the 13th century, the Champagne fairs linked the cloth-producing cities of the Low Countries with the Italian dyeing and exporting centers. The fairs, which were already well-organized at the start of the century, were one of the earliest manifestations of a linked European economy, a characteristic of the High Middle Ages.

The towns provided huge warehouses, still to be seen at Provins. From the north came woolens and linen cloth. Wikipedia.

==Page 502==

'''modern lettering''' 
Refers to Art Nouveau lettering popular at the turn of the 20th century and still commonly used on entrance signs for Paris metro stations.

'''"a kind of helical ramp"''' 
Possibly a reference to the Riemann Sphere, which is built in large part upon complex numbers and which look something like a helix. 
[[Image:Riemann Sphere.jpg]]

'''L'ARIMEAUX ET QUEURLIS''' 
Larry, Moe, and Curly's

'''twilling''' 
Twill = A fabric with diagonal parallel ribs. 2. The weave used to produce such a fabric.
TRANSITIVE VERB: Inflected forms: twilled, twill·ing, twills
To weave (cloth) so as to produce a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs. From The American Heritage Dictionary

==Page 503==

'''Earl's Court Wheel''' 
Earl's Court is an area of London. A Ferris Wheel there.

Another "paramorphic" parallel to our time: The London Eye, a huge Ferris Wheel built for the Millenium Exposition of 2000. The trip around is not, as Yasmeen notes, thermodynamically reversible, since one would be "changed forever" in the course of the journey around the wheel (in the Heraclitean sense that "No man steps in the same river twice"--the river changes.) 
This is the connection between entropy in thermodynamics and entropy in information theory, embodied in Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon], at the center of Pynchon's ''Crying of Lot 49'', now back as a problem in non-Euclidean geometries and multiple dimensions.

'''whelks''' 
A whelk is a large marine gastropod (snail) found in temperate waters. 
Popular in the early 20th C as fast food sold from stalls in the street. You extracted the somewhat bogey-like creature with a pin and ate it.

'''five pound note, like in the song''' 
¿¿¿???

'''Chinese Turkestan railway shares''' 
Chinese Turkestan is where the Chums of Chance are currently, in the sub-desertine vehicle.

'''jellied eel''' 
An East End of London delicacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellied_eels Wikipedia]

'''West Ham, the Park, Upton Lane, lads all in claret and blue''' 
The "lads in claret and blue" are kicking a football around, as they are players of current Premiership side West Ham United. Founded in 1895, the "Hammers" are playing their home games at Boleyn Ground aka "Upton Park". Yep, soccer. However, it's highly dubious that Upton Park could be seen from Earl's Court, even at 300 feet. Much easier to see Chelsea, Fulham or Queen's Park Rangers grounds, all very close to Earl's Court.

'''lupine liminality''' 
Latin: lupus = wolf, limen = threshold. Allusion to the proverbial wolf at the door.

Lupine = any of a genus (Lupinus) of leguminous herbs including some poisonous forms and others cultivated for their long showy racemes of usually blue, purple, white, or yellow flowers or for green manure, fodder, or their edible seeds; also : an edible lupine seed.

The liminal state is characterized by ambiguity, openness, and indeterminacy. One's sense of identity dissolves to some extent, bringing about disorientation. Liminality is a period of transition, during which your normal limits to thought, self-understanding, and behavior are relaxed, opening the way to something new.

'''hydrangeas''' 
a kind of flower. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrangea Wikipedia]

'''Hardy,''' 
Cf. [[ATD_219-242#Page 239|page 239:McTaggart . . . Hardy]]. G.H. (Godfrey Harold) Hardy (1877-1947),famous Cambridge mathematician [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._H._Hardy Wikipedia]. He wrote "A Mathematician's Apology" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Mathematician%27s_Apology Wikipedia] [http://www.math.ualberta.ca/~mss/books/A%20Mathematician's%20Apology.pdf Full Text]. Knew all the most famous intellectuals and was himself very influential.

==Page 504==

'''Harwich... German Sea''' 
Harwich is a town in Essex, England, located on the coast with the North Sea to the east.The North Sea historically also known as the German Ocean. By the late nineteenth century, German Sea was a rare, scholarly usage ...

"The German Sea" is also a public house (p. 489).

'''Hook of Holland''' 
Hoek van Holland in the Netherlands. It is not a hook but the southwest ''corner'' of South-Holland province (Dutch ''hoek'' = corner).

''Hook of Holland'' is also the name of the ferry port, an entry point into Holland and Europe. It is served by ferry sailings from Harwich and is the main entry port when travelling from the UK. It is less than 15 miles southwest of The Hague. [[http://www.eurodrive.co.uk/ports.asp?ID=39&p=Hook-Of-Holland Port of Hook of Holland]].

'''madhouse at Osnabrück''' 
OSNABRUCK, a town and episcopal see of Germany, in the Prussian province of Hanover, situated on the Hase, 70 m. W. of the city of Hanover, 31 m. by rail N.E. of Munster, and at the junction of the lines Hamburg-Cologne and BerlinAmsterdam. Pop. (1905) 59,5 80. The lunatic asylum occupies a former nunnery.

==Page 505==

'''plug hats''' 
a plug hat may be a top hat or a bowler hat.

'''Cobh''' 
the historic port town of Cobh Ireland. Many ocean liners sailed from there, including the Titanic... the port of Queenstown (now known as Cobh)

==Page 506==

'''Euclid''' 
Avenue of classy mansions in Cleveland

Euclid (300 BC) is also the father of geometry. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid wikipedia entry] check out the section on optics and the theory of mirrors.

'''elms in Cleveland''' 
(Before Dutch elm disease?)

'''went on for years''' 
the Krakatoa eruption put dust and ashes aloft for years.

'''Krakatoa''' 
The correct name is Krakatau. It is a volcanic, uninhabited Indonesia's island lies between Java and Sumatra. A series of cataclysmic explosions of August 26 - 27, 1883, the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history, collapsed the northern two-thirds of the island beneath the sea, generating an immense tsunamis that ravaged adjeacent coastlines and killed over 36,000 perople. Tephra (volcanic rock and glass fragments) from the eruption fell as far as 1,500 miles downwind in the days following the explosion. The finest fragments were propelled high into the stratosphere, spreading outward as a broad cloud acroos the entire equatorial belt in only two weeks. These particles would remain suspended in the atmosphere for a long time. For years, the earth experienced exotic colors in the sky, halos around the sun and moon, and a spectacular array of anomalous sunsets and sunrises. In the year following the equption, average global temperatures fell by as much as 1.2° Celsius. Weather patterns continued to be chaotic for years and temperature did not return to normal until 1888. For more about 1883 eruption, map, pictures, current volcanic activities etc see [http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Krakatau.html Krakatau 1] and [http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/krakatau/krakatau.html Krakatau 2].

'''Krakatoa...child's story'''

''The 21 Balloons''? which could have been a Chums of Chance adventure!

'''Shorty''' 
the 'short-order' cook?

==Page 507==
'''I thought sunsets were just supposed to look like that...

Suggestive of the sentiments in Wordsworth's ''Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood'' [http://www.bartleby.com/145/ww331.html]

Also brought to mind The Orb's ''Little Fluffy Clouds'' (1990) in which Rickie Lee Jones answers the question.....

What were the skies like when you were young? [by saying]

''They went on forever
And ''they -- when I
We lived in Arizona
And the skies always had little fluffy clouds
And they were long and clear
And there were lots of stars, at night
And when it rained it would all turn
It -- they were beautiful
The most beautiful skies as a matter of fact
The sunsets were purple and red
And yellow and on fire
And the clouds would catch the colors everywhere
That's -- it's neat
Because I used to look at them all the time
When I was little
You don't see that''''

Circling the rabbit hole....In this song, The Orb uses a harmonica sample from the song ''The Man With The Harmonica'' from the film '''Once Upon a Time in the West''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Fluffy_Clouds]. The film in turn seems to have strong Pynchon/AtD overtones, (pre-tones??) --
Frank vs. Harmonica, the railroads destroying the Old West...etc. Pynchon showing a strong preference for harmonicas, old movies and songs and protagonists named Frank.

'''how little I cared''' 
(Blaming Krakatoa???)Seems to me she is saying that her feelings for Bert faded, as everything was, maybe, supposed to, as had the fantastic sunsets
caused by Krakatoa when they got back to ordinary.

'''palm upward''' 
One of many "old wives' tales" described in [http://www.childbirthsolutions.com/articles/pregnancy/oldwives/index.php this web page.]

'''Prospect Avenue''' 
Once fashionable street in Cleveland, Ohio.

'''leaf-spring suspension''' 
A form of suspension for wheeled vehicles. Still very occasionally used in automobiles, but more likely nowadays to be seen on a perambulator. A "leaf" here is a long thin strip of tempered steel (they may also be stacked for greater strength).

'''overrun''' 
the excess kerosene when made.

'''Flats''' 
lands around the Cuyahoga River.

==Page 508==

'''Cuyahoga''' 
Major river in Ohio that goes around Cleveland. Famous in the 60's for literally catching on fire from the combustible pollutants in it. Here, Pynchon shows that industrial pollution and its effect on the river. "It's like looking down into the sky".

'''your exact face''' 
(How common?)

'''allowing Erlys do the work''' 
Error in first edition. Should be "allowing Erlys to do the work..."

==Page 509==

'''descending minor triad''' 
in music, an interval of three half tones. 
No, the triad is a chord, so it's three notes moving downwards (soh-mi-doh) forming a minor chord.

'''Svengali''' 
In George Du Maurier's novel ''Trilby'' (1894), the hypnotist who makes the title character a great singer but keeps her under rigorous control.

'''tea roses''' 
Yellow-orange roses.

'''cosmos''' 
any composite plant of the genus ''Cosmos'', of tropical America, some species of which are cultivated for their showy flowers.

==Page 510==

'''first momentous glance''' 
Page 349 only?

'''Elis''' 
Yale University students, called so after founder Eli Yale.

'''snooting''' 
the act of snubbing, treating scornfully or with disdain (OED)

'''tuned to a 440 A''' 
the elusive 440 A. ... Today's A above middle C has been set at 440 cycles per second or 440 Hertz. ...

==Page 511==

'''preferring''' 
Cf Rose in James Cameron's ''Titanic''.

'''Root Tubsmith''' 
Most likely a fictional character.

'''Fuchs''' 
Lazarus Fuchs (1833-1902), a German mathematician. He worked on differential equations and the theory of functions, ordinary differential equations with complex functions as coefficients, elliptic integrals, etc. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Fuchs.html Fuchs].

'''Schwarz''' 
Herman Schwarz (1843-1921), a German mathematician, known for his work in complex analysis. He worked in Halle, Göttingen and then Berlin, dealing with the subjects of function theory, differential geometry and the calculus of variation. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Schwarz.html Schwarz].

'''Frobenius''' 
Ferdinand Frobenius (1849-1917), a German mathematician. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Georg_Frobenius], possibly important here for his contributions to Group Theory and to topology [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenius_theorem_%28differential_topology%29]. He received his doctorate from the Univeristy of Berlin supervised by Weierstrass. Later, he taught mathematics there as well. He combined results from the theory of algebraic equations, geometry and number theory, which led him to the representation theory and the character theory of groups. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Frobenius.html Frobenius].

'''Professor Manning''' 
Henry Parker Manning (1859-1956) In 1889 he entered Johns Hopkins University to study mathematics, astronomy and physics. When he received his Ph.D. degree in 1891, his first printed paper had already appeared in the ''American Journal of Mathematics''. He was appointed instructor in mathematics at Brown that same year, and “with his advent,” Professor Raymond C. Archibald would later write, “a new era in the development of mathematics at Brown was ushered in.” From 1893 to 1908 Manning offered courses in higher mathematics never previously available at Brown, courses with names like “Theory of functions: algebraic functions, Riemann surfaces, and Abelian functions,” “Substitutions and transformation groups,” and “Quaternions, non-Euclidean geometry, and hyperspace.” After 1908 there were others in the department able to teach higher mathematics. His publications included ''Non-Euclidean Geometry'' in 1901, the first English language text in this subject, ''Irrational Numbers and their Representation by Sequences and Series'' in 1906, and ''Geometry of Four Dimensions'' in 1914. [http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/search.php?serial=M0090]

'''language difference''' 
Kit and Root both speak English, but in different mathematical dialects.

'''Marseilles''' 
Second largest city of France; Mediterannean port, legendarily corrupt.

'''species of tarantella''' 
Tarantella is a fast dance or dance tune in 6/8 time. Probably named for Taranto, not tarantula.

'''dreamed it''' 
(Page?)

Page 349, at R.W. Vibe's "Italianate town house." Dally confirms this on page five hundred and twelve.

'''Cigar Deck''' 
A deck on a luxury yacht, hotel or residence where 'gentlemen' went to smoke cigars.... "venue has everything - including a full bar, cigar deck, and dance floor. ..."

==Page 512==

'''how to stop looking''' 
Cf p27.

'''lobelias''' 
Plant or flower of the genus Lobelia. At least one member of the genus is blue (Blue Lobelia.

'''Victor Herbert''' 
Irish-born American composer (1859-1924) of songs, operettas, light classics.

'''Wolf-Ferrari''' 
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876-1948), born in Venice, composer of many extremely popular operas.

==Page 513==

'''She smlled falsely''' 
Error in first edition. Should be "She smiled falsely."

'''Reuben''' 
A hick, as in the carnie's cry, "Hey, Rube".
 
:Maybe, but given that Kit's ''age'' is at issue, may refer to the fact that Reuben was the eldest of the twelve sons of Jacob/Israel (Genesis 29.32).

'''sailing along on Moonlight Bay''' 
Apparently someone overheard Kit's dialog. This phrase would become part of the song "On Moonlight Bay," Madden (lyrics) and Weinrich (music), 1912.

==Page 515==

'''high-hatting''' 
Snubbing, cutting.

'''memories of desert plateau, mountian peaks...some unexpected river''' 
Instantly recognizable to anyone familiar with the back-country Rocky Mountains.
Cf also the description of the landscape Frank's riding through on page 394/395.

'''twenty-knot push''' 
The ship is making twenty knots (20 nautical miles per hour), hence generating a twenty knot wind toward the stern.

'''uncreated''' 
Featureless? ongoing present becoming the future as compared to his memories.

The watery void of Genesis, before creation of the land and life.

'''after 1914''' 
Still 10 years away.

'''S.M.S. ''Emperor Maximilian''''' 
S.M.S.: Seiner Majestäts Schiff, His Majesty's Ship (German or, as in this case, Austrian). One Habsburg Emperor Maximilian was set up in Mexico, then deposed and killed.

'''25,000-ton''' 
The ship's displacement (measure of its size).

'''dreadnoughts''' 
''HMS Dreadnought'' gave her name to a new philosophy that governed the design of capital ships beginning in the 1890s and continuing past the 1920s: high speed, heavy armor, heavy investment in the "main battery" and de-emphasis of secondary battery, main battery comprising the largest practicable guns mounted in turrets on the ship's centerline.

'''Slavonian''' 
Perhaps a deceptive name for the company; Slavonia was an inland province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, northwest of Croatia; Trieste would have been in Slovenia.

'''Schultz-Thorneycroft''' 
Apparently a maker of steamships' boilers.

'''Parsons turbines''' 
Cf. The Steam Turbine, by Sir Charles A. Parsons ---The Rede Lecture, 1911.
Was manufactured and named for Parsons--this lecture was after its extensive use.

'''British men-o'-war''' 
Warships.

==Page 516==

'''shell-rooms-to-be and giant powder magazines''' 
''Stupendica'' contains spaces that will belong to ''Maximilian'' on her transformation. (Indeed, she must contain the shells and powder too.)

'''circular cabins''' 
A battleship turret extends several decks below the gunhouse. No doubt there were stacks of these circular cabins.

'''twelve-inch barrels''' 
The typical main armament for dreadnoughts in this period (1904) was 12 inch guns - the guns having barrels. By WWI, newer dreadnoughts had 14-16" armament.

'''shelter deck''' 
???

'''to fold upward''' 
Transformer fashion.

'''casemates''' 
Turrets.

'''freeboard''' 
The amount of the ship above the water. You need a certain amount of freeboard to maintain balance, but battleships try to limit it as much as possible (so as to present a smaller target).

'''"Dazzle" camouflage''' 
Patterns as described in the text, meant to confuse enemy eyes. [http://www.bobolinkbooks.com/Camoupedia/DazzleCamouflage.html] Camouflage techniques used in World War I were developed in part by magician Jasper Maskelyne, a descendant of the Astronomer Royal in ''Mason & Dixon.''

'''dihedrals''' 
A dihedral is the figure formed by two planes intersecting in a line. The bow of a ship is pretty close.

'''Fangsley''' 
???

'''less horizontally disposed''' 
less level

Passenger liner has as many decks as possible above waterline. Warship has as many as possible ''below'' waterline, hence it's "taller."

'''Trieste''' 
Trieste is a city and port in northeastern Italy right on the border with Slovenia. It is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste on the Adriatic Sea, about 70 miles east of Venice across the Gulf of Venice. The city had been occupied, administrated, annexed by various countries in the past. As late as early 19th century Napoleon took it for France, and in 1813 Austrian empire annexed it and kept it until the end of World War I. In 1920 it was transfered to Italy. During World War II German occupied the city until 1945 when Yugoslav partisans under Tito briefly occupied the city. Between 1947 to 1954 Trieste was governed by British and American. Finally, in 1954 the city of Trieste went to Italy and the southern suburb went to Yugoslavia (now Slovenia).

'''Lloyd Arsenale''' 
Lloyd Shipyard, Austria's commercial counterpart of Stabilimento Tecnico. In 1833 a company with the name ''Lloyd Austriaco'' was founded as a maritime insurance organization. Three years later a new section, the Shipping Section was established and running company's own vessels. In 1853 Lloyd Austriaco started buidling its own shipyard, called ''Arsenale'', both for building new ships and maintenance of the fleet. The shipyard was completed and fully operative in 1861. In 1919 ''Lloyd Austriaco'' changed its name to ''Lloyd Triestino'', currently still operating in Trieste. [[http://www.italiamarittima.it/newhistory.asp?ordernum=10 Lloyd Arsenale]].

'''Stabilimento Tecnico''' 
Technical Plant, a shipyard. Stabilimento Tecnico was an Austro-Hungarian shipbuilding company based in Trieste. It served the Austro-Hungarian Navy on a large scale and was the largest shipyard of that country. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilimento_Tecnico_Triestino Stabilimento]]. Four Tegetthoff class dreadnoughts were built by Stabilimento Tecnico for the Austro-Hungarian Navy: ''SMS Viribus Unitis, SMS Tegetthoff, SMS Prinz Eugen'' and ''SMS Szent Istvan''. They were of about 21,000 ton displacement and a speed of 20 kt with twelve 12-inch guns. Tegetthoff was a 19th century Austrian admiral.[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegetthoff_class_battleship Tegetthoff battleships]]. 
Stabilimento Tecnico and Lloyd Triestino are both currently active. In fact these two establishments are the largest industrial organizations in Trieste.

==Page 517==

'''''merged''''' 
Pynchon writes about bilocation in a peculiar sense: not necessarily one person being in two places, but one ''place'' being two (or one language being two, Dutch/Flemish, Serbian/Croatian).

'''Different witnesses.....no longer in either, simply appearing unforseen...''' 
Sounds a lot like the quantum mechanical measurement process. An electron can't be located until a measurement. May be easiest unerstood via the "Schroedinger's cat" picture.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat]

'''Promontorio''' 
In Italian promontorio is headland, a small stripe of mountain-like terrain surrounded on all but one side by see.

'''O.I.C. Bodine''' 
Gotta be Pig Bodine from ''V.'' and ''GR'' and descendant of Fender-Belly Bodine in [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Mason & Dixon''].
:Naw, three different Bodines. (1) Fender-Belly is the patriarch (flourished in the 1760s); (2) the stoker O.I.C. is in his prime in the decade around 1910; (3) Pig serves in WW2 and is still around to go roistering with Benny in the 1960s. The strangest thing about the Bodines—a family with saltwater in their DNA—is that they dropped anchor in Minnesota . . . or ever even visited such an inland spot as [http://www.city.albertlea.org/home.html Albert Lea.]

"O.I.C." is an initialism for Ohio Improved Chester, which is a breed of hog. Jack London actually [http://www.jacklondons.net/palace.html raised them on his ranch]. As has been pointed out, "O.I.C." standing for "Officer in Charge" in the Bodine context is a non-starter, as Bodine is neither an officer nor in charge of anything. He's a stoker, one of the lowest class of laborers aboard. Also, "oic" does have a piggish ring to it ("oink" without the "n"). And of course it also works as Internet slang: "Oh, I see," although this sounds a bit too cutesy for Pynchon, IMHO, and besides, as pointed out above, O.I.C. Bodine ain't the Bodine seen in other Pynchon novels, but most likely the father or uncle of Pig of ''V.'' and ''Gravity's Rainbow''.

In ''V.'', Pig's first appearance in a Pynchon novel (he also appears in "Lowlands," a Pynchon short story Flange's "big gaping [[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day|idiot]] buddy"), he brags of his Harley motorcycle (called Hogs, in the vernacular): "Ain't an SP car made that can take my Harley." (p.15) Perhaps this Bodine was given the nickname "O.I.C." by his Navy buddies as a joke, ''because'' the initialism stands for a breed of hog ''and'' "Officer in Charge" (which he's far from) ''and'' sounds like a pig's utterance (We know his putative son's or nephew's laugh sounds like a pig ("Hyeugh, hyeugh ... it was, as Pig intended, horribly obscene" ''V.'', p.14 so maybe it's inherited). And perhaps Pynchon gave him the last name of Bodine to connect him visually and/or temperamentally with the character Jethro Bodine of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Hillbillies ''The Beverly Hillbillies''] (1962-1971), also a big, not-too-smart goofball.

'''fermented potato mash''' 
Cf Veikko's vodka, [[ATD 81-96#Page 82|page 82]].

'''four shafts''' 
Four propellers.

'''''Mauretania''''' 
HMS Mauretania, launched 1907, sister ship of the ill-fated Lusitania (the sinking of the latter propelled the US into WW I). Served as Cunard liner, troopship, hospital ship in WW I.

'''''Zu befehl, Herr Hauptheitzer''''' 
German: Ready for orders, Chief Stoker. (Should be ''Zu Befehl, Herr Hauptheizer.'')

'''Black Gang''' 
The stoking crew, turned black by coal dust.

'''Oberhauptheitzer''' 
German: Master Chief Stoker. (Should be: ''Oberhauptheizer.'')

'''Mannlicher''' 
German military pistol.

'''''"Dampf mehr!"''''' 
German for "more steam!" (Should be: ''Mehr Dampf!'')
:If this is an error, as it appears to be (and as it's marked by [http://www.glanzundelend.de/glanzneu/pynchonpalm.htm German native speakers]), it may stem from a common phrase such as ''Wir haben keinen Dampf mehr,'' we have no more steam. Is there any remote possibility that ''Dampf mehr!'' was a form used in shipboard orders (spoken or telegraphed) at the time of the action?
:Following up this nagging question, I have found some photos of engine room telegraphs with German on the dials: [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiffstelegraf here] and [http://www.digitalstock.de/detail.php?bildnummer=178966&seite=5&abilder=20&uid=&kategorie= here]. Neither refers to ''Dampf'' at all (instead ''volle Kraft'' = full power, ''volle Fahrt'' = full speed). These finds seem to eliminate the possibility that ''Dampf mehr'' is a phrase Pynchon collected in this context.

'''singlet''' 
Undershirt.

'''syntonic wireless''' 

See [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_397-428#Page_397 p.397] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_219-242#Page_229 p. 229]. The comparison of wireless communications with messages from the spirit world echoes Kipling's short story [http://www.benlo.com/ham/wireless.html Wireless], Scribner's Magazine, August 1902. There are many Kipling echoes in AtD.

==Page 518==

'''ignorant off''' 
Error in first edition. Should be "ignorant of".

'''Marconi room''' 
Radio shack.

'''British and German battle groups were engaged off the Moroccan coast''' 
This could be a reference to the First Moroccan Crisis (a.k.a. Tangier Crisis) taking place between March 1905 and May 1906. This would be in keeping with the timeline of the novel, however, there seems to have been no engagement of troops between British and German forces. On the other hand, this could also be a reference to the Agadir Crisis (a.k.a. The Second Moroccan Crisis) of 1911 where the German gunboat, Panther, was deployed to the Moroccan port of Agadir, threatening British naval supremacy. Although the later altercation seems unlikely given the timeline of the story, Pynchon notes that the S.S. Stupendica received its message "from somewhere else not quite in the world, more like from a continuum lateral to it."

'''design maximum of nine degrees''' 
''Maximilian'' will right herself from a nine-degree heel but may be in trouble if she leans over farther.

'''nymphs''' 
Stage in the life cycle of many insects, including the cockroach.

'''''"Porca miseria"''''' 
Italian: good grief, for heaven's sake, dammit.

==Page 519==

'''tight circle''' 
Military as inane as circus clowns.

'''southeast by east''' 
The compass rose has 32 points, each 11 and a quarter degrees from the next. Southeast by east is one point to the east of southeast, i.e., 123 and three-quarters degrees clockwise from north.

'''deeper levels''' 
(Eg particle vs wave?)

'''A "deeper level" where dualities are resolved''' 
Engine room is far below the main deck, therefore a deeper level. The ''Stupendica/Maximilian'' duality is resolved there because it's a shared space.

'''Chinese''' 
???

Maybe the allusion refers to Chinese boxes, one box containing another box, containing another, etc? In the last box, at the "deeper level" dualities are resolved... don't know...

'''''nicht wahr''''' 
German: aint it true?

'''Graz''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz] is the capital of the Austrian province of Styria. It is the second largest city, after Vienna, in Austria. Graz's old town is one of the best-preserved city centers in Central Europe and is on the UNESCO list of World Cultural Heritage Sites.

'''bilge-crab''' 
Most likely an insult meaning "below-decks crew".

==Page 520==

'''a Teutonic''' 
Ethnically a German.

'''Tangier''' 
a seaport in Northern Morocco on the west end of the Strait of Gibralta, about 500 miles northeast from Agadir, another Atlantic seaport. (Casablanca is midway between them.)

'''Mulai Ahmed er-Raisuli''' 
Infamous Morrocan outlaw/warlord. From this [http://www.explorers.org/publications/books_club/imprint/housetears.php website]: "Several decades before Saddam Hussein, Osama bin Laden, and Islamic insurgents, an international crisis ignited between the United States and the Middle East. In May 1904 Moroccan warlord Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli kidnapped Ion Perdicaris, a wealthy Greek-American resident of Tangier, in an attempt to extort money from the Sultan of Morocco. President Theodore Roosevelt responded with his "big stick" approach to diplomacy by dispatching a squadron of seven battleships to the Moroccan coast with the order: "Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead." The nine-week standoff, with US troops and ships in Tangier Bay and Raisuli holding fort in the mountains, exposed the impotence of emerging American power and a critical misunderstanding about Moroccan politics. When it was discovered that Perdicaris was not an American citizen after all, the US government kept the embarrassing episode a secret until 1933. Profiting royally from the conflict, Raisuli built his palace, which he called the "House of Tears"." [http://www.capitalcentury.com/1904.html another source]

'''Agadir, Queen of the Iron Coast''' 
Agadir is a city in southwest Morocco, capital of the Souss-Massa-Dra region. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agadir Wikipedia] From the [http://www.jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/MOL_MOS/MOROCCO.html Encyclopedia Britannica]: "Sixty miles farther south lies Mogador, beyond which the coast becomes more and more inaccessible and dangerous in winter, being known to navigators as the " Iron Coast." From Cape Sim (Ras Tagriwalt), to m. south of Mogador, the direction is due south to Cape Ghir (Ighir Ufrani), the termination of Jebel Ida u Taman, a spur of the Atlas. Beyond this headland lies Agadir (Agadir Ighir), the Santa Cruz Mayor or Santa Cruz de Berberia
of the Spaniards, formerly known as the Gate of the Sudan.' It is a little town with white battlements three-quarters of a mile in circumference, on a steep eminence 600 ft. high." [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=AGADIR old postcards from Agadir]

'''''colonists''...justify German interests...shadow-colonists''' 
In July 1911, the german gunboat "Panther" approached the harbour of Agadir under the pretext to protect german citizens from Sus-tribesmen, resulting in the "Agadir-Crisis" and nearly triggering WW I three years early. As there were no german citizens to protect in Agadir, so one had to be dispatched from Mogador. See [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/boshtml/bos137.htm Morocco Crisis of 1911.] and [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/05/23/its_not_the_first_war_under_false_pretenses/ source]

'''...destined for plantation...''' 
Typo in First Edition.
???

'''Sus... Susi''' 
The Sous Basin [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souss Wikipedia] and it‘s inhabitants, probably.

'''Abdel Aziz''' 
Sultan of Morocco 1894-1908 (aged 10-24yrs.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelaziz_of_Morocco Wikipedia]

'''Canaries''' 
Canary Islands, about 80 miles off Morocco‘s Atlantic coast [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_islands Wikipedia]

'''Many would go crazy and set out in small boats...''' 
Another paramorpic mirror image of our century. The Canaries, a Spanish possession, are the goal of untold thousands of would-be African entrants to the EU, i.e. a route of illegal immigration.

'''Lübeck''' 
Lübeck is the second-largest city in Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck Wikipedia]

'''Berbers''' 
The Berbers (also called Amazigh people or Imazighen, "free men") are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. In actuality, Berber is a generic name given to numerous heterogeneous ethnic groups that share similar cultural, political, and economic practices. It is not a term originated by the group itself. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people Wikipedia]. Berbers of southwestern Morocco usually belong to the ones known as Chleuhs [http://c.1asphost.com/imazighen/chleuhs/algeria.htm pics]

==Page 521==

'''tree-climbing goats''' 
Can be seen often, esp. in Morocco [http://www.markhorrell.com/travel/morocco/antiatlas/goats3.html Pic]

'''argan trees''' 
The Argan (Argania spinosa, syn. A. sideroxylon Roem. & Schult.) is a species of tree endemic to the calcareous semi-desert Sous valley of southwestern
Morocco. It is the sole species in the genus Argania. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argan_tree Wikipedia]

'''Gnaoua''' 
The Gnawa or Gnaoua refers at once to a style of Moroccan music with sub-Saharan Africa origins or influence, an ethnic group and religious order at least in part descended from former slaves from Sub-Saharan Africa or black Africans migrated in caravans with the Trans-Saharan trade, or a combination of both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnawa Wikipedia] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/english/gallery/music/gnawa.html more on Gnaoua] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/french/galerie/musique/mp3/gnaoua.mp3 Gnaoua music sample mp3] [http://www.ibiblio.org/gnawastories/GNAWA%20STORIES20cDRIVE.swf nicely made site on Gnawa]

'''''mlouk gnaoui''''' 
Mlouk is the plural of melk, a supernatural entity envoked in the Gnawa rituals. Various types are known and they are distinguished by colors. The following is a google translation of the relevant paragraph from [http://www.bladi.net/2556-les-differents-aspects-de-la-culture-gnaouie.html this site]: "The mlouk are of male or female sex, Moslems or Jews. Their color corresponds to their origins. Thus one distinguishes the mlouks from the sea (bahriyin) to which one allots the light blue; the celestial ones (samaouiyin), have as a color dark blue; the mlouk of the forest (rijal el ghaba), originating in Africa, have as a color the black just like the mlouk pertaining to the troop of Sidi Mimoun, finally the red mlouk (Al homar), related to blood and which haunt the slaughter-houses, have as a color the red. The white and the green, colors symbols of Islam sunnite, are reserved to the called upon saints, in particular Moulay Abdelkader Jilali and Chorfa. To the female mlouk three colors are allotted: the yellow for the coquettery of Lala Reflected, the red for Lala Rkia for its capacity to cure the menorrhagia and the black for Lala Aïcha Kendisha because of its Sudanese origin. The Jewish mlouks which are sometimes called upon after the troop of the female mlouk have the black color. Incense fumigations of various perfumes accompany the invocations by these mlouks, with a preference however for the benzoin or jaoui."

'''Seigneurs Noirs''' 
French: Black Lords. According to the above translation, those most probably are jewish mlouks.

'''Bardo State''' 
Tibetan Bhuddist belief in a state between two mortal incarnations, during which one has direct perception of reality--for better or worse, Karmically speaking. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo]

'''Habsburg navy''' 
Austrian Navy

'''Mogador road''' 
Mogador" is a city and tourist resort in Morocco, near Marrakech on the Atlantic coast. (31°30′47″N)
Mogador is another name for Essaouira [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogador Wkipedia] about 70 miles north of Agadir. [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=MOGADOR old postcards Mogador]

'''Tawil Balak''' 
In the Liner Notes for the Album "Love Songs of Lebanon" [http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/trackdetail.aspx?itemid=29129 downloadable from this site] the song ''Tawil Balak Ya Habboub'' translates as "Patience, My Love" - Tawil Balak being the Patience part. (Thats one nice soundtrack, btw!)

"Tawil", according to web-searches, is arabic for "allegorical explanation/interpretation/exegese" (of the Qu‘ran and Sunna texts). "Balak" might refer to the according Tora reading (Parsah) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balak_%28parsha%29 Wikipedia]. cf. Balaam‘s Ass p. 432. Do the cosmopolitan regulars at the bar like Moises spend their time interpreting holy texts?

'''Rahman''' 
???

'''Ostend''' 
a seaport in northwest Belgium. ''Ostende'' in German and French. It is the largest city at the Belgian North Sea coast. (It is about 1,700 miles from Agadir, Morocco.)

'''''Fomalhaut''''' 
The Maritime Digital Encyclopedia lists a "Dutch Vessel" named "Formalhaut" [http://www.ibiblio.org/maritime/photolibrary/displayimage.php?album=lastup&cat=688&pos=0 pic].

According to several websites [http://skytonight.com/news/3310401.html?showAll=y&c=y 1] [http://www.skyscript.co.uk/pis_aus.html 2] [http://www.icoproject.org/star.html 3] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomalhaut Wikipedia] etc. Fomalhaut is the 17th or 18th brightest star as seen from our planet and is located in the constellation called Pisces Austrinus (Southern Fish). The name derives from the Arabic Fum (or Fam) al-Hut, meaning "Mouth of the Fish" or according to a few web-resources the contributor has just visited, "Mouth of the Whale". The latter would mean its a strong connotation with the Biblical Legend of Jonah and the Whale (see annotations for this page below (not a spoiler, i hope).

Among most readers of Science-Fiction "Fomalhaut" is a location as common as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldebaran "Aldebaran"] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_%28constellation%29 "Cassiopeia"].

As per today (07 01 10) the Wikipedia-Entry on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon_Fomalhaut Demon Fomalhaut] is just a stub. According to most sites the contributor just visited, claiming credibility in the Book of Enoch [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Enoch Wikipedia] and due to some more non-canonical catergorizations, Fomalhaut seems to be a member of the infamous gang of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallen_angel Fallen Angels], a daredevil companero to Lucifer that is. This sub-summation in a hierarchy of angels might refer to some astrological/-nomical constellations of the star Fomalhaut as is.

As usual, with TP, we dont know for sure if theres some outlandish pun intended/-cluded in the name of a person or thing. What, to give variety to it, about a german compositive noun? Ger. "formal" = formal (like in formal behavior) + "haut" = skin; "Formal Skin".

'''Moïsés''' 
???

'''Jonah... Massa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonah Jonah Wikipedia Entry] [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/jonah/jonah.html "Jonah on the Web"] From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco website]: "Some 60 m. farther south (from Agadir), at the mouth of a river known by the same name, is the roadstead of Massa, with a mosque popularly reputed the scene of Jonah's restoration to terra firma."

==Page 522==

'''Two Fishes, two Jonahs, two Agadirs?''' 
The Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 mentions rabbinic literature regarding two fishes - one male, one female - having swallowed Jonah: check out the "fish" paragraph [http://72.14.221.104/search?q=cache:8_12F1Yp1YoJ:www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp%3Fartid%3D388%26letter%3DJ+jonah+encyclopedia&hl=de&gl=at&ct=clnk&cd=1 here]. Both Tarshish (Cadiz), the "Agadir" in southwestern Spain, and Agadir in Morocco likely were founded by the Phoenicians: "Cadiz bears a Phoenician name, a deformation of Gaddir (wall), which we find in the Berber city of Agadir in Morroco." [http://faculty.uml.edu/jgarreau/50.315/Europ1.htm source]

Pynchon is riffing on Ch. 9 of Moby Dick where Father Mapple reads the biblical story of Jonah and talks about Tarshish being Cadiz and how that shows that he was trying to escape his fate for some unnammed "disobedience". Melville bilocates "god" and "man", insisting that the two forces are at odds. Melville also implicitly draws a parallel between Jonah and Ahab who rails against his being peglegged by Moby Dick and seeks revenge against the whale who ultimately consumes him, and Ishmael who humbly accepts his punishment and so survives to tell his tale. In AtD, the Moby Dick resonances ring most clearly in the Traverse bros/sis seeking revenge against sociocultural pieties for inflicting loss & grief & pain on the undeserving; the correspondence b/w the anarchist preacher Moss Gatlin and the ex-harpooner minister Mapple; Lew's mysterious penance and Webb's divided loyalties and now the story of Jonah and his fugitive flight, not unlike Kit's running from his troubles. Also, the name Fom al-Haut comes from scientific Arabic فم الحوت fam al-ħūt (al-janūbī) "the mouth of the (southern) fish/whale"

'''kashbah''' 
Wikipedia entries on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasbah Kasbah] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casbah Casbah] [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/AGADIR/agadir-la-casbah-vue-en-avion.jpg The Casbah of Agadir as seen from above]

'''Ighir Ufrani''' 
a.k.a Cape Ghir, a cape north of Agadir.

'''''Mogador herring''...''alimzah''...''tasargelt''''' 
From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco Morocco Entry]: "Occasionally a small shoal (of mackarel) may be found as far south as Mogador. Soles, turbot, bream, bass, conger eel and mullet are common along the coast, and southern Morocco is visited occasionally by shoals of a large fish called the azlimzah (sciaena aquila), rough scaled and resembling a cod, and the tasargelt (Temnodon saltator), the "blue fish" of North America. Crayfish, prawns, oysters and mussels swarm in the rocky places, but the natives have no proper method of catching them, and edible crabs seem unknown. The tunny, pilchard and sardine, and a kind of shad known as the "Mogador herring," all prove at times of practical importance."

azlimzah (sciaena aquila) [http://www.finerareprints.com/animals/histoire_naturelle/vol_hn_fish_4999.htm pic] (the lower one).

tasargelt (Temnodon saltator) [http://www.amatorbalikci.net/resimupload/lufer.jpg pic] (not sure if this is the real thing!)

'''scruff''' 
???

'''Staketsel''' 
According to the [http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staketsel Dutch Wikipedia] and its link to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier english site] this means "pier". [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=oostende&name=20040909-004 pic]

'''lazarettes''' 
Below-decks storage space in the stern of a vessel. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarette].

'''''mon chou''''' 
"My cabbage." A french term of affection.

==Page 523==

'''moon deck''' 
???

'''lower orlop''' 
Lowest deck of a multi-decked vessel (OED).

'''lateen-riggers''' 
Boats or larger craft with triangular sails rigged fore-and-aft (picture: [http://www.carfilhiot.co.uk/media/1/20050607-rig.jpg]common in the Mediterannean [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateen] after introduction by the Romans in the 3rd century.

'''Dally had expected Bria would be the first...''' 
Editorial error? If one substitutes "Dally" with "Erlys" this sentence makes much more sense.

==Page 524==

'''exhilirated''' 
Second occurrence of this misspelling of ''exhilarated.'' (Cf. page 236, line 38: "exhiliration".)

'''Piazza Grande''' 
The central square in many Italian cities.

'''Denza''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page 353|page 353]]. Luigi Denza (1846-1922), Italian composer, most famous for his "Funiculi, funicula".

'''Antonio Smareglia''' 
Italian opera composer (1854-1929).

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 489-524

2010-08-26T21:36:12Z

Bangorang: /* Page 497 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 489==

'''Neville . . . Nigel''' 
Lew's rescuers after the attempt to blow him up in Colorado, page 185. These two characters remind one of Looney Tunes Goofy Gophers.

'''stage left or audience left?''' 
A theater has two directions called left. "Stage left" is to the left of the performers as they face the audience. "House left" or "audience left" is to the left of an audience member facing the stage.

'''desolate sighs''' 
(They're not gay?)

'''embryo Apostlet''' 
The Cambridge Apostles, also known as the Cambridge Conversazione Society, is an elite intellectual secret society at Cambridge University, founded in 1820 by George Tomlinson, a Cambridge student who went on to become the Bishop of Gibraltar. Undergraduates being considered for membership are called "embryos" and are invited to "embryo parties," where members judge whether the student should be invited to join. "-let" is a common suffix that denotes smallness or youth, like droplet (small drop) or piglet or eyelet &c &c..., thus, a young Apostle. [[Cambridge Apostles|More on the Cambridge Apostles and the Cambridge spy ring...]]

'''Cyprian Latewood''' 
The name connects the character to the Greek demigod Orpheus. When Cyprian arrives, with Reef and Yashmeen, at the convent in the Balkans (Thrace) ([[ATD_946-975#Page 956|p. 956]]), he is greeted with "Welcome home." Thrace was the birthplace of Orpheus.

'''"Cyprian":''' 
:After Orpheus loses Eurydice forever by turning to see if she's still following him out of the underworld, he never loves another woman, turning instead to young boys. One of Greek god Apollo's beloved boys, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyparissus Cyparissus], loves a beautiful tame stag that he accidentally kills with a spear. In his grief, Apollo turns him into a cypress tree. The Cypress was one of the trees Orpheus charmed with song, according to [[Cyprian Latewood|Ovid in his ''Metamorphoses'']].

'''"Latewood":''' 
:The "late wood" is the outer portion of the growth ring on a tree, more dense than the "early wood" which appears early in the growing season, appearing later in the season, usually summer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_ring Wikipedia entry]. The tree connection is strong. It was said that Orpheus could even charm the trees, and Rilke (who figures prominently in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow'']) in the first of his ''Sonnets to Orpheus'', begins:

::Tree arising! O pure ascendance!
::Orpheus Sings! Towering tree within the ear!
::Everywhere stillness, yet in this abeyance:
::seeds of change and new beginnings near.

[[Cyprian Latewood|More about this connection...]]

All very interesting, but let's not forget the obvious:
'the Cyprian' in classical literature is a standard name for Aphrodite/Venus, goddess of love, because she was born in Cyprus, from the waves, as in the famous picture by Botticelli that plays a role in 'V' ('She hangs on the Western Wall'). 
And so, by association, 'a follower of Aphrodite', and in later usage, according to Webster, a prostitute.

:if we were looking for yet another sexual innuendo, it would be interesting to note that the French word "cyprine" (the pronounciation of which is very similar to "Cyprian") describes the vaginal secretions that occur during the period of sexual arousal. The origin of this word can be traced back to the explanation above (i.e. Aphrodite). As for Late''wood'', well, that's kind of self-explanatory, no?

'''sod''' 
Common use; short for ''sodomite.''

'''Eastern wog''' 
Cf p222.

'''The German Sea''' 
A public house; the name occurs again with a different meaning at the end of this chapter.

'''sub-Clerkenwell''' 
Clerkenwell is a neighborhood in London that has a reputation for producing the highest quality of watches, clocks and jewellery. A sub-Clerkenwell trinket would be a poorly made trinket

'''annoyance''' 
(Why?)
:the other's penis seemed larger than one's own?
::Annoyance not because of the penises but because they are rivals. Lethargic not because of the penises but because they aren't getting anywhere in their courtship. Finally, "each regarding the other's penis" because even straight men can't deny that that's one of the things they look at in the steamroom.

Note that ''annoyance'' is a synonym for ''inconvenience''.

==Page 490==

'''gyps''' 
A gyp is a college servant, whose office is that of a gentleman's valet, waiting on two or more collegians in the University of Cambridge. He differs from a bed-maker, inasmuch as he does not make beds; but he runs on errands, waits at table, wakes men for morning chapel, brushes their clothes, and so on. His perquisites are innumerable, and he is called a "gyp" (Greek: vulture) because he preys upon his employer like a vulture. At Oxford they are called scouts. [http://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/brewers/gyp.html]

[[image:ByronsPool.jpg|thumb|Byron's Pool|100px|right]]'''Byron's Pool''' 
A conservation area in Cambridge. The pool is named after the romantic poet Lord Byron, who is believed to have enjoyed swimming there. Byron studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, starting in 1805.

'''"Div!"''' 
Probably short for "divine!" Of course, if these kids were Vectorists they would be aware of the double ''entendre'' with the '''div''' (divergence) operator.

'''"Whizzo!"''' 
An early-twentieth century English slang expression of delight. Uttered earlier, by Neville or Nigel, on introducing Lew to the Tarot deck, page 186.

'''''"That'' is that of which ''I'' speak!"''' 
prob. homosexuality. cf. "I am the Love that dare not speak its name." -- Lord Alfred Douglas's poem 'Two Loves' in ''Chameleon'' ca. 1896.

Made more famous as an utterance by Oscar Wilde during his trial for sodomy. His response: '"The Love that dare not speak its name" in this century is such a great affection of an elder for a younger man as there was between David and Jonathan, such as Plato made the very basis of his philosophy, and such as you find in the sonnets of Michelangelo and Shakespeare.[...]. It is intellectual, and it repeatedly exists between an elder and a younger man, when the elder man has intellect, and the younger man has all the joy, hope and glamour of life before him."

: This seems wrong, given the typical Pynchon scene of males ogling/desiring women. There is no homosexuality invloved with these guys
but a "'range' [again] of remarks" and 'all-night rhapsodizing' over the beauty of naked women. This line "That, etc." seems more likely a comic spin on a famous line which we know Pynchon has alluded to before [V.]: Wittgenstein's "whereof I can not speak, thereof I must remain silent" from the Tractatus. He could NOT not speak of their nakedness.

This whole scene is reminiscent, perhaps, of the biblically famous Susannah and the Elders, where she, too, is watched appreciatively bathing. Wallace Stevens, among others, has a famous poem about it.

::All this about homosexuality is useful knowledge, but (a) the men here are motivated by lust directed at ''women'' and (b) this is among the "catchphrases of [a] day" when Oscar Wilde's love could not yet even speak its name. "''That'' is that of which ''I'' speak!" is a Pynchon trick, taking a 20th-21st century expression and paramorphically projecting it back in time. At the university it was upper-class and refined; today it has become a vulgarism, "That's what I'm talkin' about!" Other examples: "high susceptibility to primordial variables," page 801 (today "extreme sensitivity to initial conditions"); "as cheerful as a finch," page 21 ("as happy as a lark").

Exactly as in the last paragraph, a poke at the currently colloquial:
"That's what I'm talkin' about!"

'''Cloisters Court''' 
Cloisters Court, part of Girton College, Cambridge University.

'''King's''' 
King's College, Cambridge University.

'''Queen Anne's Gate''' 
Some part of the British Home Office is, or was, located in the London (Westminster) street named Queen Anne's Gate.
: According to Wikipedia the British Home Office resided there from 1978 to 2004, so this is unlikely. Since the 1860's until recently, however, parts of the British secret service had their offices at Queen Anne's Gate - the context suggests that the N's report to that.

'''inconvenience''' 
Not sure what connection Pynchon is making here, but the word inconvenience could not come up accidentally in this novel.

True enough. The word seems to keep cropping up, too, but nonchalantly. By this point in the novel, I had already been kicking myself for not circling every prior use of the word.

For what it's worth, one of my Google searches for "inconvenience" yielded this bit of Pynchon-worthy information:

:John Evelyn, one of members of the Invisible College (the group that founded the Royal Society of the United Kingdom), published one of the first books on pre-industrial air pollution in 1661, '''''Fumufugium''': or, The Inconvience of the Aer, and Smoak of London Dissipated''.

:The first two paragraphs of Part I:

:It is not without some considerable ''Analogy'', that sundry of the ''Philosophers'' have named the ''Aer'' the ''Vehicle of the Soul'', as well as that of the Earth, and this frail Vessell of ours which contains it; since we all of us finde the benefit which we derive from it, not onely for the necessity of Respiration and functions of the Organs; but likewise for the use of the ''Spirits'' and ''Primigene Humors'', which doe most neerly approach that Divine particle. But we shall not need to insist, or refine much on this sublime Subject; and, perhaps, it might scandalize scrupulous Persons to pursue to the height it may possibly reach (as ''Diogenes'' and ''Anaximenes'' were wont to ''Deifie'' it) after we are past the ''Aetherial'', which is a certain ''Aer'' of ''Plato's'' denomination, as well as that of the lesse pure, more turbulent and dense, which, for the most part, we live and breath in, and which comes here to be examined as it relates to the design in hand, the City of ''London'', and the environs about it.

:It would doubtlesse be esteemed for a strange and extravagant ''Paradox'', that one should affirme, that the ''Aer'' itself is many times a potent and great disposer to ''Rebellion'' [note JE's book was printed right after Prince Charles' restoration]; and that ''Insulary people'', and indeed, most of the ''Septentrion Tracts'', where this ''Medium'' is grosse and heavy, are extremely versatile and obnoxious to change both in Religious and Secular Affaires: Plant the Foote of your Compasses on the very ''Pole'', and extend the other limb to 50 ''degrees of Latitude'': bring it about 'till it describe the Circle, and then reade the Histories of those Nations inclusively, and make the Calculation.

'''Newnham''' 
An all-women's college at Cambridge, founded in 1871.

'''Wrangleresses''' 
Made-up: top female Math Scholars at Cambridge. Top students were called Wranglers, all male at this time. "Cambridge University and within it of the Mathematics Tripos, the competitive graduation examination process that ranked candidates in order of “Wrangler”" ...

'''Phillippa Fawcett''' 
Typo, should be Philippa Fawcett (1868-1948). She was educated at Newnham College, Cambridge. In 1890, she was the first woman to score the highest mark at Mathematics Tripos at Cambridge. She served as a College Lecturer in mathematics at Newnham College for 10 years. [http://www.agnesscott.edu/Lriddle/WOMEN/fawcett.htm]

'''Grace Chisholm and Will Young''' 
Grace Chisholm (1868-1944), an English mathematician. She went to Girton College, Cambridge in 1889 to study mathematics. Since no women were accepted to graduate schools in England, after graduation She went to the University of Göttingen to continue her mathematics education and received her PhD there in 1895. The following year she married William Young (1863-1942), one of her tutors at Girton and also a mathematician. (''romances with one's tutors à la . . .'') Grace Chisholm and Will Young formed a mathematical married partnetship of real significance. Husband and wife played a major role in set theory research. Between them they wrote 214 mathematical articles and several books, including one on geometry and one on set theory. [http://www.agnesscott.edu/LRIDDLE/WOMEN/young.htm Grace Chisholm] and [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Young.html William Young].

'''nautch-girl''' 
The nautch girl was an Indian traditional dancer in Hindu temple or court performing ritual and religious dances. Her costume generally was of bright color. Pynchon probably refered to Yahsmeen's beautiful but exotic, extraordinary look and poise.
[[http://www.hitchams.suffolk.sch.uk/india_art/starter/nautch_girls.htm nautch girl]].

And then, through the medium of carnivals, she became an exotic dancer. This whole phrase "nautch-girl extravagance of looks and self-possession" refers to the sense of dominance the stripper feels over the yawps in the audience. Which figures in the key scene of the musical ''Gypsy'' (1959, book by Arthur Laurents, music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim).
And an [[ATD_119-148#Page_125|annotation to p. 125]] ("red as a cursed ruby") points to a weird ''AtD'' nautch girl connection.

'''socio-acrobatic aggrandizement''' 
'social climbing'

'''''opium beer''''' 
laudanum?, if not literally.

'''duc de Richelieu''' 
Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (September 9, 1585 – December 4, 1642), was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman.

Consecrated as a bishop in 1607, he later entered politics, becoming a Secretary of State in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Church and the state, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642;
from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Wikipedia].

:Wrong Richelieu. The duke in question won his big battle at Mahon in 1756. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois_Armand_du_Plessis%2C_duc_de_Richelieu Here's the Wikipedia link for the right one.]

'''Line and staff''' 
Cyprian's father sees his work in the City as analogous to the profession of arms. Officers in the British and most other armies of the time were classified as "line," those commanding troops, and "staff," those performing administrative and planning functions.

==Page 491==

'''the City''' 
Major banks and other big-money institutions are located in the City of London, a fairly small subset of Metropolitan London.

'''can't ''ever'' tell''' 
Dog-eat-dog capitalism?

'''Reginald "Ratty" McHugh''' 

'''"fifteen years later'''
Reginald nodded appreciatively FIFTEEN YEARS OR SO LATER?...What is going
on here time-wise? 
All the conversation before this line, between Cyprian and his father, is "recalled", having taken place some "fifteen years or so" earlier.

'''one more flag''' 
IE, his father's wallpaper brand.

'''Balkan Sobranies''' 
An upscale brand of cigarette.

'''lilies-and-lassitude humor of the '90s''' 
Cult of Oscar Wilde?
Aubrey Beardsley and the pre-Raphaelites? 
More generally, the 'Aesthetes', not the same as the Pre-Raphaelites. People like Wilde. In Gilbert and Sullivan's 'Patience' the Wilde-like character is described as follows:

Though the Philistines may jostle, 
you will rank as an apostle 
in the high aesthetic band, 
If you walk down Piccadilly 
with a poppy or a lily 
in your medieval hand. 

And ev'ryone will say, 
As you walk your flow'ry way, 
"If he's content with a vegetable love 
which would certainly not suit me, 
Why, what a most particularly pure young man 
this pure young man must be!" 

'''table d'hôte''' 
French: host's table. In a restaurant, a meal chosen by the management, no substitutions please. If the appetizer is shrimp and you don't like shrimp, then don't eat the appetizer.

'''Very well, I contradict myself.''' 
Walt Whitman allusion. See Leaves of Grass. Next line in ADT affirms this.

==Page 492==

'''divine . . . prosaic''' 
(Walt Whitman was of course prosaic himself before he became divine.)

'''xanthocroid''' 
Prefix xantho- is from Greek and means yellow. Does the whole word mean "yellow-haired"? Yes, i.e. blondes.

'''Capsheaf''' 
Is this a third speaker, or another name for Ratty? Third speaker. Ratty puts in some words a little bit down the page.

In mathematics, a sheaf is the basic tool for expressing relationships between small regions of a space and large regions. Beginning with a topological space X, a sheaf assigns to every region (technically, open set) U of X some data F(U), such as a set, a group, or a ring. Often these data are a collection of geometric objects defined on that region, such as functions, vector fields, or differential forms. The data can be restricted to smaller regions, and compatible collections of data can be glued to give data over larger regions. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheaf_%28mathematics%29 wikipedia entry]

'''viva''' 
Slangy short form of ''viva voce,'' an oral examination.

'''Crayke''' 
Crayke is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England, about two miles east of Easingwold. Relevant?

Also, "crake" designates various species in the family [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crake Rallidae], which also includes rails, coots, gallinules, and swamphens. Crakes and rails generally are medium-sized, ground-dwelling birds, with adaptations of the foot suited to wetlands.

'''spot of audit''' 
[http://www.andrewcusack.com/blog/2006/12/drink_audit_ale.php Audit ale,] a strong ale served on a few special days. Some colleges at British universities brew their own or contract it out.

'''Shetland''' 
Shetland Islands, an island group northeast of the Orkney Islands, comprising a county of Scotland.

'''Shetland ponies''' 
one of a breed of small but sturdy, rough-coated ponies raised originally in the Shetland Islands.

'''''D'accord''''' 
French: right, OK.

'''reputation for viciousness''' 
The Shetland pony breed has a repuation for viciousness, even if this reputation isn't entirely accurate.

'''Arab''' 
Arabian hourse. One of a breed of horses, raised originally in Arabia and adjacent countries, noted for their intellegence, grace, and speed.

'''Thoroughbred''' 
One of a breed of horses, to which all race horse belong, originally developed in England by crossing Arbian stallions with European mares.

'''croft''' 
Farm.

'''Mainland''' 
The name of one of the 29 inhabited islands in the Shetland Islands, Scotland, UK. It is the largest island in Shetland Islands, the third largest in Great Britian.

'''Mavis Grind''' 
A narrow isthmus joining the Northmavine peninsula to the rest of Mainland in the Shetland Islands, UK. The name means "gate of the narrow isthmus" in the local dialect. Mavis Grind is said to be the only place in the UK where you can toss a stone across land from the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

'''orthopædic journals''' 
Both prof and pony have to do some twisting in order to get the act done. Their skeletal disorders will, erhhm, ''spur'' the interest of orthopædists. Especially if she kicks.

'''Dymphna''' 
After [http://www.catholic-forum.com/SAINTS/saintd01.htm St. Dymphna,] whose intercession is effective against insanity, possession and epilepsy. Her shrine at Gheel, Belgium, has since the 11th century been a refuge for persons with mental illness and intellectual disability. The afflicted wealthy went to the shrine to be cured; they were boarded with townspeople, beginning a tradition of adult foster care for persons with mental illness which continues to this day; Gheel is a designated state psychiatric hospital center, at which all the patients live in foster family homes.

'''decks full of hearts''' 
(52 or 13 per deck?)

==Page 493==

'''Thucydides... remind me''' 
Thucydides' book is an account of the Peloponnesian war, organized in a rather difficult method in which all the actions of one season are described before proceeding to the next. Here are some erotic possibilities in it, however: 
-Pericles, in his famous funeral oration, says the citizen ought to have an eros for the city. 
-At one point some Athenians are lured out of a garrison by way of a gymnastic (that is male, nude) demonstration. 
-On the eve of the fateful Sicilian expedition, all the oversized phalloi of the hermes are mysteriously knocked off. One of the generals on the expedition, Alcibiades, is accused of the offense and is eventually called called back. In Plato's Symposium Alcibiades drunkenly crashes the party and confesses that Socrates has consistently spurned his sexual advances.

In this context, Thucydides is proposed specifically for its non-erotic qualities. In writing his histories, Thucydides attempted to produce a clinical account of the Peloponnesian war without the passion and inaccuracies of previous histories, such as those of Herodotus. Indeed it is hard to imagine a less erotic work. It is suggested for Cyprian Latewood to help him get over his infatuation with Yashmeen.

'''McHugh''' 
Talking to self?

'''''Peeng''-kyeah''' 
Pinky, name given to Yashmeen by the blonde girls, Lorelei, Noellyn an Faun.

'''alfresceehwh''' 
An alfresco, an outdoor gathering. ''-eehwh'' is a rendering of the accent for comic effect.

'''Lorelei, Noellyn, and Faun''' 
Lorelei, more frequently "Loreley": In a famous German myth, a mermaid sitting on a rock by the river Rhine. The rock itself is also named Loreley. With her song, she bewitches the captains of passing ships, who then steer into the rock. The syllable "Ley" derives from a Celtic word for "stone".

Faun: Faunus, the Roman god of fertility, also responsible for nightmares. Fauns are also the Romans counterparts of the Greek "satyrs", followers of Dionysos. Faunus is playing a flute, another connection to music.

Noellyn ?? 
She is No Ellen? 
Echo of Noel?

'''"all blonde, of course"''' 
with all the Germanic mythology around here, possibly a reference to the "blonde/blue-eyed"-cliche of German women. Possible play on light-theme? Blonde (light, reflection) opposed to the dark (absence of light, absorption) Yashmeen?

'''High Albedo''' 
Albedo: power of reflecting light. Blondes reflect more light than brunettes. 
Possibly a citation of ''Gravity's Rainbow'', p. 152 (Viking), "high-albedo stockings".

'''"dark rock...again and again"''' 
cf "Lorelei"

'''Pinky''' 
Nicknames opposite of truth?

''''''sans merci'''''' 
a reference to Keats's 19th century Romantic ballad 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci'. The lady of the title entraps men by making them fall in love with her and abandoning them.

French for "no mercy" or "no pity", or, more precisely in this case: "without mercy". Alludes to Pinky's cold and unforgiving nature.

==Page 494==

'''wrong altar''' 
She, a lesbian, tells him that he 'worships' a woman who is wrong for him.

'''gnomic tenses''' 
Gnomic = marked by aphorisms; aphoristic...'gnomic verse, a gnomic style".
American Heritage Dictionary.

: In Greek the gnomic tense is the timeless aorist, i.e. an aorist indicating no special time. In English there is the timeless present tense, e.g. in proverbs. Since the gnomic aorist differs from the usual aorist only in its usage the term "gnomic tenses" seems a little stressed.

'''circs''' 
Short form (typically British): circumstances.

''''If she's not content with a vegetable love'''' 
a reference to Marvell's seventeenth century poem 'To His Coy Mistress'. "Vegetable love" refers to the slow, slow way he would let his love grow, to become "vaster than empires and more slow" had they "world enough and time", but since they don't, since they are in human time, he is trying to 'convince' her to make love with him now. Another interpretation would be female masturbation via vegetables. 
True, but more directly, quoting Gilbert and Sullivan. See comments on p. 491 (lilies-and-lassitude).

'''Rugby blue''' 
To be a 'Rugby blue' means to have represented Oxford (colour: dark blue) or Cambridge (light blue) at Rugby, which is a major European sport, invented, supposedly, at Rugby school in England in the nineteenth century.

'''Mâconnais''' 
This refers to a bargain sub-Burgundian wine that comes from the Macon region of France.

:Bargain? You've obviously never enjoyed a good bottle of Mâcon Villages Cuvée Botrytis Domaine de la Bongran 2000, which, if you decide to treat yourself to a great bottle of white, will set you back at least 180$. It is true, though, that some wine snobs look down on Mâcon Wines because the region doesn't have any Grand Crus or Premier Crus.

<div id="grosssmith">'''George Grossmith...and that jolly Weedon'''</div>
George and Weedon Grossmith, authors of the sublime, hillarious 'Diary of a Nobody', which gave the world the adjective 'pooterish'. Undoubtedly an influence on Pynchon's depictions of the 'oh dear' side of Englishness. Pooter is a 'nobody' who decides to publish his diaries, even though he is of no interest and nothing of any note occurs. A prototypical blogger, some might suggest. Originally published in Punch magazine (I think), set in late 19th Century. Don't know if the Grossmiths went to Cambridge, will check....

The elder George Grossmith performed in Gilbert and Sullivan works. He was not university-educated. The younger G.G. was also a noted performer and collaborated with P.G. Wodehouse.

[plenty of info here: http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/english/DON/Diary_Home.htm]

==Page 495==

'''Junior or Senior?''' 
expressions used at traditional English (independent) schools to refer to younger and older brothers. Thus Smith Junior or Smith Senior.—

I don't think this is correct - the junior/senior here just refers to the question of whether it's Grossmith the father or Grossmith the son. The traditional expression for younger and older brothers is minor/major. So Smith major would be the elder Smith brother, Smith minor the younger brother.[[User:Geb|Geb]] 19:49, 10 April 2008 (PDT)geb

See [[#grossmith|Grossmith entry]] on preceding page.

'''"Small hands, some evidence of early trauma, cp. Wilhelm II file"''' 
Wilhelm II suffered an injury at birth and had a withered arm. All his photographs show him with the "small hand" in his pocket.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II_of_Germany From Wikipedia]: 
William II, German Emperor (1859-1941), Reigned 1888-1918.

The role of William II in German history is sometimes a controversial issue in historical scholarship. Initially seen as an important, but embarrassing figure in German history until the late 1950s, for many years after that, the dominant view was that he had little or no influence on German policy leading up to the First World War. This has been challenged since the late 1970s, particularly by Professor John C. G. Röhl who saw William II as the key figure in understanding the recklessness and subsequent downfall of Imperial Germany.

'''"Map of the World"''' 
Like it says in the text, simply what Renfrew calls all his data.

Although the name is possibly of some significance! Renfrew's dossiers could act as a way of divining holistic truth from a series of perspectives or projections. Obviously interpreting this data requires the correct viewing individual, or "lens." In this way, Renfrew's "Map" is not unlike the Sfinciuno Itinerary.

Ah, I think it worth pointing out that Renfrew's dossiers on "everyone' is a paranoid's nightmare. The map is a "map" of what Refrew learns about everyone, not a common meaning of 'map", and reminding this reader of They/Them in ''Gravity's Rainbow'' who have a map of everywhere Slothrop--
and others?--appear to be/have been. At least. [[User:MKOHUT|MKOHUT]] 06:55, 3 October 2007 (PDT)

Also brings to mind the Wittgenstein line that TRP alludes to in ''The Crying of Lot 49'': "The world is all that is the case". If Renfrew
could map everything everyone does, he would have the whole [human] world
'mapped'.

'''Newmarket''' 
A famous English race-course, hence the following reference to the 'racing season'. 
And very close to Cambridge.

'''Morse and Vassilev''' 
In 1896-97 the first radio-telegraphic equipment was imported into Bulgaria for the needs of the armed forces and large postal offices. This was the start of Bulgarian National Radio (BNR). At that time, the equipment was used only to transmit Morse code on electro-magnetic waves. Samuel F. B. Morse, an English speaking American, invented Morse code and the telegraph.(On May 24, 1844 he transmitted the first telegraph message: "What hath God wrought!"). BNR at one time was headed by Orlin Vassilev, a Bulgarian playwright. BNR at one time also employed former (Bulgarian) environment minister Valentin Vassilev. 
Charles Morse published a full textbook of Bulgarian grammar in 1860, and compiled the first Bulgarian-English dictionary.#REDIRECT [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian-American_relations]]

'''East Rumelian''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page_356|page 356: East Rumelia. ]] Rumelia was a Turkish province in the Balkan Peninsula. East Rumelia lay mostly in what is now Bulgaria.

'''the Treaty of Berlin''' 
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 Russia crushed Turkey and forced it to accept the Treaty of San Stefano. This created a greatly expanded Bulgaria under Russian protection. Britain feared that Russia might spread its control to Constantinople (now Istanbul) and to the Suez Canal, and therefore, with Austria, demanded a revised treaty. Weakened by war, Russia consented. The Treaty of San Stefano was replaced thus by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_%281878%29 the Treaty of Berlin] (1878), the final act of the Congress of Berlin of the Great Britain, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The new treaty recognized the complete independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro. The autonomy of Bulgaria was also recognized but it remained under formal Ottoman overlordship and divied between the Principality of Bulgaria and the autonomous province of ''East Rumelia''. And the Ottoman province of Bosnia was placed uner Austro-Hungarian administration.

'''''zadruga''''' 
Bulgarian: labor cooperative.

'''''tchifliks''''' 
Bulgarian: farms.

'''''gradinarski druzhini''''' 
Bulgarian: gardening (or farming?) associations.

'''gossamer''' 
Sheer, light, delicate, flimsy, airy, tenuous, like a cobweb.

==Page 496==

'''sod . . . pouffe''' 
Derogatory terms for homosexual ("sod" from "sodomite").

'''failed canards''' 
Discredited rumors.

'''Lent . . . Easter . . . Long Vacation''' 
''Lent'' is an anual season of fasting and penitence in preparation for ''Easter'', beginning at Ash Wednesday and lasting 40 weekdays to Easter. After ''Lent'', ''Easter'' the school terms would soon glide into the summer recess, the ''Long Vacation.''
 
::At Cambridge University 'Lent Term' is the second term of the academic year (after Christmas), and 'Easter Term' is the third (between Easter and Summer - or 'Long' - vacations.) So 'Lent and Easter' qualifies 'The Terms' in the previous clause: the sense is 'Lent Term and Easter Term went gliding...' (The first term of the Cambridge year, incidentally, is called 'Michaelmas'.)

'''Colonial Office''' 
Defunct British Ministry, later Foreign & Colonial Office, now Foreign & Commonwealth Office.

'''Okhrana''' 
a secret police force of the Russian Empire and part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhrana Wikipedia Entry]

'''Ballhausplatz''' 
Location of the Austrian State Chancellery and Foreign Ministry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballhausplatz Wikipedia Entry]

'''Wilhelmstrasse''' 
Administrative Center of the Kingdom of Prussia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmstrasse Wikipedia Entry]

'''G.F.B. Riemann''' 
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann. A German mathematician who did extensive work in differential geometry. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Riemann Wikipedia Entry]

[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Riemann.html Bernhard Riemann] (1826-66), a German mathematician. He studied mathematics at the University of Göttingen and later taught that subject there. He did important work in geometry, complex analysis, and mathematical physics. Riemanm's work on Riemann geometry laid the foundation for Einstein's general relativity. He investigated the Riemann zeta function about which he stated the famous (and still not completely proven) Riemann hypothesis (see below). He died of tuberculosis in Selasca, Italy, at the age of 39.

'''Zeta function . . . conjecture''' 
The Riemann zeta function. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function/ Wikipedia Entry]

The Riemann zeta function is an extremely important special function of mathematics and physics that arises in definite integration and is intimately related with very deep results surrounding the prime number theorem. While many of the properties of this function have been investigated, there remain important fundamental ''conjectures'' (most notably the Riemann hypothesis) that remain unproved to this day. See [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function Zeta function]].

The Riemann hypothesis (''conjecture'') is a conjecture about the distribution of zeros of the Riemann zeta function. The Riemann zeta function is defined for all complex numbers (Cf [[ATD_119-148#Page132|page 132]]) not equal to zero. It has zeros at the negative even integers, (-2, -4, -6 and so on), called trivial zeros. The Riemann hypothesis is concerned with the non-trivial zeros, saying, ''"The real part of any non-trivial zero of the Riemann zeta function is 1/2."'' This conjecture remains unproved. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis Riemann conjecture]].

Riemann's zeta function is also used in the Zipf Probability Distribution [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ZipfDistribution.html], which itself led to the formulation of Zipf's Principle of Least Effort that TRP mined for semantic resonances in GR. [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Zipf%27s_Principle_of_Least_Effort]

''''joint'''' 
Opium den.

'''Bob's your uncle''' 
An English and Commonwealth expression referring to the ease with which something can be done. Still used, though probably more common in the time in which ''Against the Day'' is set. Possible [http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/70100.html derivations].

'''Limehouse''' 
An area of East London that borders on the River Thames near the Isle of Dogs. The name may derive from the fact that sailors were about as this was a point of embarkation for sea journeys. In the late 19th century the area was famous for opium dens [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limehouse Wikipedia].

==Page 497==

'''Knightsbridge''' 
Knightsbridge is a street in Westminster borough, London. Notable for its super rich and famous high profile residents and its exclusive shops. (Recent residents included members of the Saudi royal family, Joan Collins, Gucci, Prince Diana and so on; it's shops included Egyptian Fayed's Harrods, etc . . . ) [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knightsbridge Knightsbridge]].

'''Hôtel Alsace''' 
The propre name is Hôtel d'Alsace. It was, and still is, located at number 13 rue des Beaux-Arts, in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. Oscar Wilde died there, under an assumed named, on november 30th, in 1900, following a two-day agony. Note some similarity of letters between the names Griswold and Wilde (both "sodomite"…). 

Also, Wilde's famous last words (well, recounted as last words but really uttered months before his death) was "either that wallpaper goes, or I do." Cyprian's uncle, Griswold, it seems, had the atrocious decorative taste that shoved Wilde into the great beyond. This is post-Wilde; the avant-garde pose has calcified into a tacky schtick, the "lilies-and-lassitude" 90s, like the foreclosed frontier, a dead duck in the sodomite water.

see "Gris"--four associative definitions that interestingly modify/play with, the name Wilde: gray; a pale rose' (as in vin gris)and Juan Gris, Spanish painter. [http://www.google.com/search?q=define:gris&hl=en&oi=definel&defl=all gris]

'''excess''' 
(So not wholly gossamer?)

'''Coronation Red''' 
The Peer‘s traditional robes at Coronation Day are made of crimson red velvet [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_Monarch Wikipedia] [http://www.geocities.com/noelcox/Peers_Robes.htm website]. Edward VII and Queen Alexandra were crowned at Westminster Abbey on 9 August 1902 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom Wikipedia]

'''Ranji and C.B. Fry''' 
Two notable cricketers who would have been in their prime when the novel is set. Both played for England. 'Ranji' is short for Ranjitsinhji and is how he was familiarly known. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/12930.html C.B. Fry] [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/19331.html Ranji]

'''Australian season''' 
A reference to the Australian cricket season which runs throughout their summer and the European winter.

More likely to refer to the tour of the Australian cricket team to England in the Summer of 1902. Of particular interest is the fact that the Aussies played a match against Cambridge University on June 9-10. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1902 1902 Ashes Tour]

'''New Court''' 
A major building in St John's College (founded 1511), University of Cambridge. It was completed in 1831. It's style is Gothic, a romantic version of a mediaeval building; its basic plan is classical. For pictures and more info [http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/about/tour/new_court New Court].

'''Tavernier-Gravet slide rules''' 
French-made, some with special scales (slope conversions, etc.). [http://discover.com/issues/aug-03/features/featslide/ Photograph.]

'''High Church''' 
Anglican

'''Mags and Nuncs and Matins responsories''' 
A responsory is a form of (Christian) chant (call and response, perhaps), which is here qualified by Latin designations for specific prayers. 
Mags: possibly for ''Magnificat,'' the hymn beginning "My soul doth magnify the Lord"? 
Nunc = Now. For ''Nunc dimittis,'' the prayer beginning "Let thy servant now depart." 
Matin = Morning.

'''Trinity''' 
Trinity College, was founded by Henry VIII in 1546 as part of the Univeristy of Cambridge. Most of its major buildings date from the 16th and 17th centuries. "Princes, spies, poets and prime-ministers have all been taught here." (Trinity's own website [http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php?pageid=2 Trinity])

'''King's''' 
King's College, Cambridge University, was found by Henry VI in 1441. From the first, the College's buildings were intened to be a magnificent display of the power of royal patronage. King's College Chapel, wanted by the King to be without equal in size and beauty and took nearly a century to complete, is one of the greatest examples of gothic architecture. It is also home to the world famous Choir, envisaged by Henry VI for daily singing of services in the chapel. [[http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/visitors/history.html King's]].

'''not Zion''' 
The context indicated that the original meaning Mount Zion, a hill near Jerusalem, was used; i.e. "not Mount Zion".

'''Compline hour''' 
Bedtime. Compline is the last prayers or service of the day.

'''Te Deum''' 
Te Deum = Thou, O God (Latin).

Since "the Te Deum" was used in the text, it meant the ancient Latin hymn of praise to God, in the form of a psalm, sung regularly at matins in the Roman Catholic Church and, usually in an English translation, at Morning Prayer in the Anglican Church, as well as on special occasions as a service of thanksgiving or commemoration. First words of the hymn, which begin; ''Te Deum laudāmus'' (we praise thee God). Te Deum also refers to the musical setting or form of this hymn with a certain structure which Filtham had blotched. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_Deum Wikipedia]

Coincidence? According to the [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14468c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia] there is a discussion among scholars whether the hymn of the Te Deum goes back to a text written by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Cyprian St. Cyprian of Carthage] : "...if the hymn was borrowed from St. Cyprian, why did it not include the "virgines" instead of stopping with "martyrum"?".

'''Khaki Election''' 
A term in British political history. It refered to the British general election of 1900. The reason for this name was that the issues of the election were overshadowed totally by the issue of the (2nd) Boer War (South African War, 1899-1902 [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War Boer War]]), as ''khaki'' was the color of the new army uniform. A ''Khaki Election'' is now applied to any British national election which is heavily influenced by wartime or postwar sentiment. 1918 general election (end of World War I) and 1945 election (end of Wordl War II) were both described as Khaki Elections.

'''Filtham''' 
???

==Page 498==

'''violation of . . . child-labor statutes''' 
If such laws applied to children in the choirs of Cambridge colleges, the great length of the composition would keep them at work too many hours.

'''chromaticism . . . Richard Strauss''' 
Chromaticism refers to the use of the chromatic scale in composing music. Ever since Baroque Period (17th to early 18th century) almost all music were compsoed either in major or minor scale, in which only seven of the twelve tones of the octave were used. Beginning in the late Romanic Period (mid 19th to 20th century) the chromatic scale including all 12 tones of the octave was used. By using the tones that are not "supposed" to be in a certain key, the music thus composed had stronger dissonance and exaggerated tension. 

Richard Strauss (1864-1949) was a German composer of the late Romantic era well known for his tone poems and operas. His ''Also sprach Zarathustra'' (1896), a symphonic poem, was made widely popular by Stanley Kubrick's film ''2001: A Space Odyssey'' in 1968 — the music (especially the brass fanfare opening) introduced the memorable ape/man sequence of the film. His many operas include ''Salome, Der Rosenkavalier, Capriccio'' and others. Chromaticism was not that new to Richard Strauss, but "relentless chromaticism" just might be too "modern" for him.

'''Staindrop''' 
Home of Jeremiah Dixon.

'''"Filtham's Tedium"''' 
(Talk about overlabored puns...)
:"Tedium" is a common humorous way to refer to somebody-or-other's "Te Deum."

'''dress regulations''' 
???

'''Gauss''' 
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), a German mathematician and scientist, and one of the all-time greats. He worked in a wide variety of fields in both mathematics and physics including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. His work has had an immense influence in many areas. Riemann was a student of his at Göttingen. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss Wikipedia].

'''Ramanujan''' 
Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920), one of India's greatest mathematical geniuses. Long before he came to Cambridge and though without any formal university education, Ramanujan made substantial contributions to the anlytical theory of numbers and worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions and infinite series. He, a poor savant from India, was invited in 1914 to Cambridge by G.H. Hardy after he wrote him a letter asking abstruse mathematical questions. In his letter, Ramanujan enclosed a long list of then unproved theorems which he had solved. After his arriving at Cambridge Ramanujan collaborated with G.H. Hardy resulting in important results. He was allowed to enroll in 1914 in Cambridge despite not having the proper qualifications and received a PhD degree in 1916. Plagued by health problems all his life, his health deteriorated rapidly from 1917, and he returned to India in 1919 and died there the following year. Two years before his death, however, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London. [[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Ramanujan.html Ramanujan]]. Therefore,
". . . Ramanujan here at Trinity . . ." could have happened only between 1914 - 1919.

'''revisited, in some way 'relighted' the scene''' 
Light, mental light.

'''display of hurt feelings''' 
Cf p30.

==Page 499==

'''light up''' 
Dark world vs spark of value.

'''ζ-function''' 
Another reference to the Riemann zeta function.

'''Hilbert thinks of nothing else''' 
The Riemann hypothesis is one of the 20 problems put forth by Hilbert in 1900.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert_problem Wikipedia Entry]

'''desire... of rather a specialized sort''' 
???

'''Great Eastern''' 
Railway linking Cambridge and London.

==Page 500==

'''Weierstrass and Sofia Kovalevskaia''' 
Sofia Kovalevskaia was the first woman to apply for a mathematics degree at the University of Goettingen in Germany. She was not accepted at the university, but was allowed to tutor under one of the university's math professors. She wrote a paper there that became an important part of the theory of differential equations.

:Kovalevskaia's private math tutor was Weierstrass at Berlin (see below).

''Karl Weierstrass'' (1815-97), a German mathermatician. He attended the University of Bonn studying law, finance and economics instead of mathermatics, the subject he was really interested in and studied out of school. He left the Univeristy of Bonn without a degree and went to the University of Münster for mathematics. Later he became a teacher in the city of Münster. Around 1850 he took a chair at the Technical University of Berlin. For four years (1870-1874) he gave private mathematics lessons to Sofia Kovalevskaia while she was denied the university entrance in Berlin. His investigations were mainly on the topic of "Special Functions": Weierstrass Elliptic Function, Weierstrass Zeta Function, Weierstrass Product Theroem, etc.

''Sofia Kovalevskaia'' (1850-91) Russian mathematician and novelist. She was born in Moscow and showed an interest in mathematics from an early age. When 11 she studied differential and integral analysis from her father's calculus lecture notes that were used as wallpaper in the family house. She was given a special tutor of higher mathematics. At age 18 she entered a "false" marriage (it became genuine later) in order to be able to attend college abroad. In 1869 she enrolled as a provisional student at Heidelberg University. In 1870 she moved to Berlin attempting to study under ''Weierstrass'' and enroll at Berlin University. But the university refused to accept her because of her gender. However, Weierstrass was so impressed by her talent that he gave her private mathematics lessons twice a week for four years. By the spring of 1874, Kovalevskaia had completed three papers. Weierstrass deemed each of these worthy of a doctorate. And with his help, in Kovaleskaia's absence, University of Göttingen granted her a PhD in Mathematics (a historical first) and Master (''summa cum laude'') in Fine Art. In the same year she returned to Russia but failed to get an academic job. She did not practice mathematics for six years but pursued literary work instead. In 1880 she returned to mathematics and applied to teach at universities in Russia but was denied again. Finaly she found employment at Sweden's Stockholm University in 1883. She died of pneumonia in Stockholm in 1891. 
In her short life Kovalevskaia had won a historic place in mathermatics. She was the first woman to receive a doctorate in mathermatics, the first woman to obtain a permanent position on a university faculty in mathematics, the first woman having a place on the editorial staff of a mathematical journal, the first female member of St. Petersburg Academy of Science, and the first woman to win the most prestigeous mathematical contest of her day, an honor equivalent to the winning of a Nobel Prize. Her literary achievements was quite substantial. Her ''Russian Childhood'' won wide acclaim and was translated into many languages (the English edition still available). She had a couple of novels (''Nihilist Girl'' etc.) published as well. She dabbled in playwriting and produced a steady stream of both fiction and nonfiction publications for Russian journals.

'''Pythagorean doctrine''' 
From the text it refers to Pythagorean doctrine of transmigration of souls. Pythagoras and his disciples believed in reincarnation (or metempsychosis), according to which human souls are immortal and are reborn into other animals after death. ("reborn as a vegetable" may be questionable.) 
Perhaps not so questionable. There is, after all, the Pythagorean prohibition against eating beans, wind being 'pneuma' = spirit.

[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pythagora Pythagoras], one of the most famous and controversial ancient Greek philosophers, lived from ca. 570 to ca. 490 BC. He spent his early years on the island of Samos, off the coast of modern Turkey. At the age of 40, he moved to Crotona in southern Italy and most of his philosophical activity occurred there. His philosophical thinking exercised an important influence on the work of Plato. "Pythagoras was famous (1) as an expert on the fate of the soul after death . . .; (2) as an expert on religious ritual; (3) as a wonder-worker who had a thigh of gold and who could be two places at the same time; (4) as the founder of a strict way of life that emphasized dietary restrictions, . . . and rigorous self discipline." (on-line Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). 
Pythagoras was also a famous mathematician best known for the Pythagorean Theorem and the Music of the Spheres. Known as the father of numbers, his philosophy encompassed harmonics in mathematics, music, cosmology, geometry and had a lasting impact on hermeticism, gnosticism and alchemy.

'''sounds like maths''' 
Yashmeen seems to see 'maths' as otherwordly.

'''folio''' 
an edition of a book in pages that fold in half to make the leaves of a codex.

'''four-color chromolithograph''' 
Chromo--in Chemistry, chromium
 
:Nothing to do with chromium. Chromolithography means 'The art of printing in colours from stone' (OED), an early technique for printing in more than one colour. The chromo- prefix is a shortened form of chromato-, a Greek-derived prefix denoting 'to do with colour'.

'''Snazzbury''' 
???

'''Silent Frock''' 
Cf noise-canceling headphones.

'''toilette''' 
No longer in use in modern english, the term 'toilette' indicated a dressing table covered to the floor with cloth (toile) and lace, on which stood a dressing glass, which might also be draped in lace. Wikipedia

It's still used, and in addition to the dressing table meaning, it refers to how somebody is "got up"--dress, makeup and all.

==Page 501==

'''green, white, and mauve stripes''' 
Colors associated with the Suffragette Movement of the time.Diane Atkinson, one of the leading contemporary scholars on the suffrage movement, edited a book, Suffragettes in the Purple, White, and Green London 1906-1914, which served as a catalog at an exhibition of suffrage memorabilia at the Museum of London and which discusses the symbolism. Atkinson notes that the color scheme was devised by Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence, treasurer and co-editor of the weekly newspaper Votes for Women. In the spring 1908 issue of that paper, Pethick-Lawrence explained the symbolism of the colors:

"Purple as everyone knows is the royal colour. It stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of every suffragette, the instinct of freedom and dignity...white stands for purity in private and public life...green is the colour of hope and the emblem of spring."

'''black crepon''' 
The shell is made of black rayon crepon and fully lined to within 2" of bottom hem. From a description of a black [nursing] dress online.

'''Italian-cloth''' 
The Champagne fairs were a circuit of six cloth fairs in the towns of Champagne and Brie, changing location every two months and spanning the year from January to October. At their height, in the 13th century, the Champagne fairs linked the cloth-producing cities of the Low Countries with the Italian dyeing and exporting centers. The fairs, which were already well-organized at the start of the century, were one of the earliest manifestations of a linked European economy, a characteristic of the High Middle Ages.

The towns provided huge warehouses, still to be seen at Provins. From the north came woolens and linen cloth. Wikipedia.

==Page 502==

'''modern lettering''' 
Refers to Art Nouveau lettering popular at the turn of the 20th century and still commonly used on entrance signs for Paris metro stations.

'''"a kind of helical ramp"''' 
Possibly a reference to the Riemann Sphere, which is built in large part upon complex numbers and which look something like a helix. 
[[Image:Riemann Sphere.jpg]]

'''L'ARIMEAUX ET QUEURLIS''' 
Larry, Moe, and Curly's

'''twilling''' 
Twill = A fabric with diagonal parallel ribs. 2. The weave used to produce such a fabric.
TRANSITIVE VERB: Inflected forms: twilled, twill·ing, twills
To weave (cloth) so as to produce a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs. From The American Heritage Dictionary

==Page 503==

'''Earl's Court Wheel''' 
Earl's Court is an area of London. A Ferris Wheel there.

Another "paramorphic" parallel to our time: The London Eye, a huge Ferris Wheel built for the Millenium Exposition of 2000. The trip around is not, as Yasmeen notes, thermodynamically reversible, since one would be "changed forever" in the course of the journey around the wheel (in the Heraclitean sense that "No man steps in the same river twice"--the river changes.) 
This is the connection between entropy in thermodynamics and entropy in information theory, embodied in Maxwell's Demon [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Demon], at the center of Pynchon's ''Crying of Lot 49'', now back as a problem in non-Euclidean geometries and multiple dimensions.

'''whelks''' 
A whelk is a large marine gastropod (snail) found in temperate waters. 
Popular in the early 20th C as fast food sold from stalls in the street. You extracted the somewhat bogey-like creature with a pin and ate it.

'''five pound note, like in the song''' 
¿¿¿???

'''Chinese Turkestan railway shares''' 
Chinese Turkestan is where the Chums of Chance are currently, in the sub-desertine vehicle.

'''jellied eel''' 
An East End of London delicacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellied_eels Wikipedia]

'''West Ham, the Park, Upton Lane, lads all in claret and blue''' 
The "lads in claret and blue" are kicking a football around, as they are players of current Premiership side West Ham United. Founded in 1895, the "Hammers" are playing their home games at Boleyn Ground aka "Upton Park". Yep, soccer. However, it's highly dubious that Upton Park could be seen from Earl's Court, even at 300 feet. Much easier to see Chelsea, Fulham or Queen's Park Rangers grounds, all very close to Earl's Court.

'''lupine liminality''' 
Latin: lupus = wolf, limen = threshold. Allusion to the proverbial wolf at the door.

Lupine = any of a genus (Lupinus) of leguminous herbs including some poisonous forms and others cultivated for their long showy racemes of usually blue, purple, white, or yellow flowers or for green manure, fodder, or their edible seeds; also : an edible lupine seed.

The liminal state is characterized by ambiguity, openness, and indeterminacy. One's sense of identity dissolves to some extent, bringing about disorientation. Liminality is a period of transition, during which your normal limits to thought, self-understanding, and behavior are relaxed, opening the way to something new.

'''hydrangeas''' 
a kind of flower. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrangea Wikipedia]

'''Hardy,''' 
Cf. [[ATD_219-242#Page 239|page 239:McTaggart . . . Hardy]]. G.H. (Godfrey Harold) Hardy (1877-1947),famous Cambridge mathematician [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._H._Hardy Wikipedia]. He wrote "A Mathematician's Apology" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Mathematician%27s_Apology Wikipedia] [http://www.math.ualberta.ca/~mss/books/A%20Mathematician's%20Apology.pdf Full Text]. Knew all the most famous intellectuals and was himself very influential.

==Page 504==

'''Harwich... German Sea''' 
Harwich is a town in Essex, England, located on the coast with the North Sea to the east.The North Sea historically also known as the German Ocean. By the late nineteenth century, German Sea was a rare, scholarly usage ...

"The German Sea" is also a public house (p. 489).

'''Hook of Holland''' 
Hoek van Holland in the Netherlands. It is not a hook but the southwest ''corner'' of South-Holland province (Dutch ''hoek'' = corner).

''Hook of Holland'' is also the name of the ferry port, an entry point into Holland and Europe. It is served by ferry sailings from Harwich and is the main entry port when travelling from the UK. It is less than 15 miles southwest of The Hague. [[http://www.eurodrive.co.uk/ports.asp?ID=39&p=Hook-Of-Holland Port of Hook of Holland]].

'''madhouse at Osnabrück''' 
OSNABRUCK, a town and episcopal see of Germany, in the Prussian province of Hanover, situated on the Hase, 70 m. W. of the city of Hanover, 31 m. by rail N.E. of Munster, and at the junction of the lines Hamburg-Cologne and BerlinAmsterdam. Pop. (1905) 59,5 80. The lunatic asylum occupies a former nunnery.

==Page 505==

'''plug hats''' 
a plug hat may be a top hat or a bowler hat.

'''Cobh''' 
the historic port town of Cobh Ireland. Many ocean liners sailed from there, including the Titanic... the port of Queenstown (now known as Cobh)

==Page 506==

'''Euclid''' 
Avenue of classy mansions in Cleveland

Euclid (300 BC) is also the father of geometry. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid wikipedia entry] check out the section on optics and the theory of mirrors.

'''elms in Cleveland''' 
(Before Dutch elm disease?)

'''went on for years''' 
the Krakatoa eruption put dust and ashes aloft for years.

'''Krakatoa''' 
The correct name is Krakatau. It is a volcanic, uninhabited Indonesia's island lies between Java and Sumatra. A series of cataclysmic explosions of August 26 - 27, 1883, the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history, collapsed the northern two-thirds of the island beneath the sea, generating an immense tsunamis that ravaged adjeacent coastlines and killed over 36,000 perople. Tephra (volcanic rock and glass fragments) from the eruption fell as far as 1,500 miles downwind in the days following the explosion. The finest fragments were propelled high into the stratosphere, spreading outward as a broad cloud acroos the entire equatorial belt in only two weeks. These particles would remain suspended in the atmosphere for a long time. For years, the earth experienced exotic colors in the sky, halos around the sun and moon, and a spectacular array of anomalous sunsets and sunrises. In the year following the equption, average global temperatures fell by as much as 1.2° Celsius. Weather patterns continued to be chaotic for years and temperature did not return to normal until 1888. For more about 1883 eruption, map, pictures, current volcanic activities etc see [http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Krakatau.html Krakatau 1] and [http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/krakatau/krakatau.html Krakatau 2].

'''Krakatoa...child's story'''

''The 21 Balloons''? which could have been a Chums of Chance adventure!

'''Shorty''' 
the 'short-order' cook?

==Page 507==
'''I thought sunsets were just supposed to look like that...

Suggestive of the sentiments in Wordsworth's ''Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood'' [http://www.bartleby.com/145/ww331.html]

Also brought to mind The Orb's ''Little Fluffy Clouds'' (1990) in which Rickie Lee Jones answers the question.....

What were the skies like when you were young? [by saying]

''They went on forever
And ''they -- when I
We lived in Arizona
And the skies always had little fluffy clouds
And they were long and clear
And there were lots of stars, at night
And when it rained it would all turn
It -- they were beautiful
The most beautiful skies as a matter of fact
The sunsets were purple and red
And yellow and on fire
And the clouds would catch the colors everywhere
That's -- it's neat
Because I used to look at them all the time
When I was little
You don't see that''''

Circling the rabbit hole....In this song, The Orb uses a harmonica sample from the song ''The Man With The Harmonica'' from the film '''Once Upon a Time in the West''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Fluffy_Clouds]. The film in turn seems to have strong Pynchon/AtD overtones, (pre-tones??) --
Frank vs. Harmonica, the railroads destroying the Old West...etc. Pynchon showing a strong preference for harmonicas, old movies and songs and protagonists named Frank.

'''how little I cared''' 
(Blaming Krakatoa???)Seems to me she is saying that her feelings for Bert faded, as everything was, maybe, supposed to, as had the fantastic sunsets
caused by Krakatoa when they got back to ordinary.

'''palm upward''' 
One of many "old wives' tales" described in [http://www.childbirthsolutions.com/articles/pregnancy/oldwives/index.php this web page.]

'''Prospect Avenue''' 
Once fashionable street in Cleveland, Ohio.

'''leaf-spring suspension''' 
A form of suspension for wheeled vehicles. Still very occasionally used in automobiles, but more likely nowadays to be seen on a perambulator. A "leaf" here is a long thin strip of tempered steel (they may also be stacked for greater strength).

'''overrun''' 
the excess kerosene when made.

'''Flats''' 
lands around the Cuyahoga River.

==Page 508==

'''Cuyahoga''' 
Major river in Ohio that goes around Cleveland. Famous in the 60's for literally catching on fire from the combustible pollutants in it. Here, Pynchon shows that industrial pollution and its effect on the river. "It's like looking down into the sky".

'''your exact face''' 
(How common?)

'''allowing Erlys do the work''' 
Error in first edition. Should be "allowing Erlys to do the work..."

==Page 509==

'''descending minor triad''' 
in music, an interval of three half tones. 
No, the triad is a chord, so it's three notes moving downwards (soh-mi-doh) forming a minor chord.

'''Svengali''' 
In George Du Maurier's novel ''Trilby'' (1894), the hypnotist who makes the title character a great singer but keeps her under rigorous control.

'''tea roses''' 
Yellow-orange roses.

'''cosmos''' 
any composite plant of the genus ''Cosmos'', of tropical America, some species of which are cultivated for their showy flowers.

==Page 510==

'''first momentous glance''' 
Page 349 only?

'''Elis''' 
Yale University students, called so after founder Eli Yale.

'''snooting''' 
the act of snubbing, treating scornfully or with disdain (OED)

'''tuned to a 440 A''' 
the elusive 440 A. ... Today's A above middle C has been set at 440 cycles per second or 440 Hertz. ...

==Page 511==

'''preferring''' 
Cf Rose in James Cameron's ''Titanic''.

'''Root Tubsmith''' 
Most likely a fictional character.

'''Fuchs''' 
Lazarus Fuchs (1833-1902), a German mathematician. He worked on differential equations and the theory of functions, ordinary differential equations with complex functions as coefficients, elliptic integrals, etc. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Fuchs.html Fuchs].

'''Schwarz''' 
Herman Schwarz (1843-1921), a German mathematician, known for his work in complex analysis. He worked in Halle, Göttingen and then Berlin, dealing with the subjects of function theory, differential geometry and the calculus of variation. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Schwarz.html Schwarz].

'''Frobenius''' 
Ferdinand Frobenius (1849-1917), a German mathematician. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Georg_Frobenius], possibly important here for his contributions to Group Theory and to topology [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenius_theorem_%28differential_topology%29]. He received his doctorate from the Univeristy of Berlin supervised by Weierstrass. Later, he taught mathematics there as well. He combined results from the theory of algebraic equations, geometry and number theory, which led him to the representation theory and the character theory of groups. [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Frobenius.html Frobenius].

'''Professor Manning''' 
Henry Parker Manning (1859-1956) In 1889 he entered Johns Hopkins University to study mathematics, astronomy and physics. When he received his Ph.D. degree in 1891, his first printed paper had already appeared in the ''American Journal of Mathematics''. He was appointed instructor in mathematics at Brown that same year, and “with his advent,” Professor Raymond C. Archibald would later write, “a new era in the development of mathematics at Brown was ushered in.” From 1893 to 1908 Manning offered courses in higher mathematics never previously available at Brown, courses with names like “Theory of functions: algebraic functions, Riemann surfaces, and Abelian functions,” “Substitutions and transformation groups,” and “Quaternions, non-Euclidean geometry, and hyperspace.” After 1908 there were others in the department able to teach higher mathematics. His publications included ''Non-Euclidean Geometry'' in 1901, the first English language text in this subject, ''Irrational Numbers and their Representation by Sequences and Series'' in 1906, and ''Geometry of Four Dimensions'' in 1914. [http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/search.php?serial=M0090]

'''language difference''' 
Kit and Root both speak English, but in different mathematical dialects.

'''Marseilles''' 
Second largest city of France; Mediterannean port, legendarily corrupt.

'''species of tarantella''' 
Tarantella is a fast dance or dance tune in 6/8 time. Probably named for Taranto, not tarantula.

'''dreamed it''' 
(Page?)

Page 349, at R.W. Vibe's "Italianate town house." Dally confirms this on page five hundred and twelve.

'''Cigar Deck''' 
A deck on a luxury yacht, hotel or residence where 'gentlemen' went to smoke cigars.... "venue has everything - including a full bar, cigar deck, and dance floor. ..."

==Page 512==

'''how to stop looking''' 
Cf p27.

'''lobelias''' 
Plant or flower of the genus Lobelia. At least one member of the genus is blue (Blue Lobelia.

'''Victor Herbert''' 
Irish-born American composer (1859-1924) of songs, operettas, light classics.

'''Wolf-Ferrari''' 
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876-1948), born in Venice, composer of many extremely popular operas.

==Page 513==

'''She smlled falsely''' 
Error in first edition. Should be "She smiled falsely."

'''Reuben''' 
A hick, as in the carnie's cry, "Hey, Rube".
 
:Maybe, but given that Kit's ''age'' is at issue, may refer to the fact that Reuben was the eldest of the twelve sons of Jacob/Israel (Genesis 29.32).

'''sailing along on Moonlight Bay''' 
Apparently someone overheard Kit's dialog. This phrase would become part of the song "On Moonlight Bay," Madden (lyrics) and Weinrich (music), 1912.

==Page 515==

'''high-hatting''' 
Snubbing, cutting.

'''memories of desert plateau, mountian peaks...some unexpected river''' 
Instantly recognizable to anyone familiar with the back-country Rocky Mountains.
Cf also the description of the landscape Frank's riding through on page 394/395.

'''twenty-knot push''' 
The ship is making twenty knots (20 nautical miles per hour), hence generating a twenty knot wind toward the stern.

'''uncreated''' 
Featureless? ongoing present becoming the future as compared to his memories.

The watery void of Genesis, before creation of the land and life.

'''after 1914''' 
Still 10 years away.

'''S.M.S. ''Emperor Maximilian''''' 
S.M.S.: Seiner Majestäts Schiff, His Majesty's Ship (German or, as in this case, Austrian). One Habsburg Emperor Maximilian was set up in Mexico, then deposed and killed.

'''25,000-ton''' 
The ship's displacement (measure of its size).

'''dreadnoughts''' 
''HMS Dreadnought'' gave her name to a new philosophy that governed the design of capital ships beginning in the 1890s and continuing past the 1920s: high speed, heavy armor, heavy investment in the "main battery" and de-emphasis of secondary battery, main battery comprising the largest practicable guns mounted in turrets on the ship's centerline.

'''Slavonian''' 
Perhaps a deceptive name for the company; Slavonia was an inland province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, northwest of Croatia; Trieste would have been in Slovenia.

'''Schultz-Thorneycroft''' 
Apparently a maker of steamships' boilers.

'''Parsons turbines''' 
Cf. The Steam Turbine, by Sir Charles A. Parsons ---The Rede Lecture, 1911.
Was manufactured and named for Parsons--this lecture was after its extensive use.

'''British men-o'-war''' 
Warships.

==Page 516==

'''shell-rooms-to-be and giant powder magazines''' 
''Stupendica'' contains spaces that will belong to ''Maximilian'' on her transformation. (Indeed, she must contain the shells and powder too.)

'''circular cabins''' 
A battleship turret extends several decks below the gunhouse. No doubt there were stacks of these circular cabins.

'''twelve-inch barrels''' 
The typical main armament for dreadnoughts in this period (1904) was 12 inch guns - the guns having barrels. By WWI, newer dreadnoughts had 14-16" armament.

'''shelter deck''' 
???

'''to fold upward''' 
Transformer fashion.

'''casemates''' 
Turrets.

'''freeboard''' 
The amount of the ship above the water. You need a certain amount of freeboard to maintain balance, but battleships try to limit it as much as possible (so as to present a smaller target).

'''"Dazzle" camouflage''' 
Patterns as described in the text, meant to confuse enemy eyes. [http://www.bobolinkbooks.com/Camoupedia/DazzleCamouflage.html] Camouflage techniques used in World War I were developed in part by magician Jasper Maskelyne, a descendant of the Astronomer Royal in ''Mason & Dixon.''

'''dihedrals''' 
A dihedral is the figure formed by two planes intersecting in a line. The bow of a ship is pretty close.

'''Fangsley''' 
???

'''less horizontally disposed''' 
less level

Passenger liner has as many decks as possible above waterline. Warship has as many as possible ''below'' waterline, hence it's "taller."

'''Trieste''' 
Trieste is a city and port in northeastern Italy right on the border with Slovenia. It is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste on the Adriatic Sea, about 70 miles east of Venice across the Gulf of Venice. The city had been occupied, administrated, annexed by various countries in the past. As late as early 19th century Napoleon took it for France, and in 1813 Austrian empire annexed it and kept it until the end of World War I. In 1920 it was transfered to Italy. During World War II German occupied the city until 1945 when Yugoslav partisans under Tito briefly occupied the city. Between 1947 to 1954 Trieste was governed by British and American. Finally, in 1954 the city of Trieste went to Italy and the southern suburb went to Yugoslavia (now Slovenia).

'''Lloyd Arsenale''' 
Lloyd Shipyard, Austria's commercial counterpart of Stabilimento Tecnico. In 1833 a company with the name ''Lloyd Austriaco'' was founded as a maritime insurance organization. Three years later a new section, the Shipping Section was established and running company's own vessels. In 1853 Lloyd Austriaco started buidling its own shipyard, called ''Arsenale'', both for building new ships and maintenance of the fleet. The shipyard was completed and fully operative in 1861. In 1919 ''Lloyd Austriaco'' changed its name to ''Lloyd Triestino'', currently still operating in Trieste. [[http://www.italiamarittima.it/newhistory.asp?ordernum=10 Lloyd Arsenale]].

'''Stabilimento Tecnico''' 
Technical Plant, a shipyard. Stabilimento Tecnico was an Austro-Hungarian shipbuilding company based in Trieste. It served the Austro-Hungarian Navy on a large scale and was the largest shipyard of that country. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilimento_Tecnico_Triestino Stabilimento]]. Four Tegetthoff class dreadnoughts were built by Stabilimento Tecnico for the Austro-Hungarian Navy: ''SMS Viribus Unitis, SMS Tegetthoff, SMS Prinz Eugen'' and ''SMS Szent Istvan''. They were of about 21,000 ton displacement and a speed of 20 kt with twelve 12-inch guns. Tegetthoff was a 19th century Austrian admiral.[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegetthoff_class_battleship Tegetthoff battleships]]. 
Stabilimento Tecnico and Lloyd Triestino are both currently active. In fact these two establishments are the largest industrial organizations in Trieste.

==Page 517==

'''''merged''''' 
Pynchon writes about bilocation in a peculiar sense: not necessarily one person being in two places, but one ''place'' being two (or one language being two, Dutch/Flemish, Serbian/Croatian).

'''Different witnesses.....no longer in either, simply appearing unforseen...''' 
Sounds a lot like the quantum mechanical measurement process. An electron can't be located until a measurement. May be easiest unerstood via the "Schroedinger's cat" picture.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat]

'''Promontorio''' 
In Italian promontorio is headland, a small stripe of mountain-like terrain surrounded on all but one side by see.

'''O.I.C. Bodine''' 
Gotta be Pig Bodine from ''V.'' and ''GR'' and descendant of Fender-Belly Bodine in [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Mason & Dixon''].
:Naw, three different Bodines. (1) Fender-Belly is the patriarch (flourished in the 1760s); (2) the stoker O.I.C. is in his prime in the decade around 1910; (3) Pig serves in WW2 and is still around to go roistering with Benny in the 1960s. The strangest thing about the Bodines—a family with saltwater in their DNA—is that they dropped anchor in Minnesota . . . or ever even visited such an inland spot as [http://www.city.albertlea.org/home.html Albert Lea.]

"O.I.C." is an initialism for Ohio Improved Chester, which is a breed of hog. Jack London actually [http://www.jacklondons.net/palace.html raised them on his ranch]. As has been pointed out, "O.I.C." standing for "Officer in Charge" in the Bodine context is a non-starter, as Bodine is neither an officer nor in charge of anything. He's a stoker, one of the lowest class of laborers aboard. Also, "oic" does have a piggish ring to it ("oink" without the "n"). And of course it also works as Internet slang: "Oh, I see," although this sounds a bit too cutesy for Pynchon, IMHO, and besides, as pointed out above, O.I.C. Bodine ain't the Bodine seen in other Pynchon novels, but most likely the father or uncle of Pig of ''V.'' and ''Gravity's Rainbow''.

In ''V.'', Pig's first appearance in a Pynchon novel (he also appears in "Lowlands," a Pynchon short story Flange's "big gaping [[Idiots and Idiocy in Against the Day|idiot]] buddy"), he brags of his Harley motorcycle (called Hogs, in the vernacular): "Ain't an SP car made that can take my Harley." (p.15) Perhaps this Bodine was given the nickname "O.I.C." by his Navy buddies as a joke, ''because'' the initialism stands for a breed of hog ''and'' "Officer in Charge" (which he's far from) ''and'' sounds like a pig's utterance (We know his putative son's or nephew's laugh sounds like a pig ("Hyeugh, hyeugh ... it was, as Pig intended, horribly obscene" ''V.'', p.14 so maybe it's inherited). And perhaps Pynchon gave him the last name of Bodine to connect him visually and/or temperamentally with the character Jethro Bodine of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Hillbillies ''The Beverly Hillbillies''] (1962-1971), also a big, not-too-smart goofball.

'''fermented potato mash''' 
Cf Veikko's vodka, [[ATD 81-96#Page 82|page 82]].

'''four shafts''' 
Four propellers.

'''''Mauretania''''' 
HMS Mauretania, launched 1907, sister ship of the ill-fated Lusitania (the sinking of the latter propelled the US into WW I). Served as Cunard liner, troopship, hospital ship in WW I.

'''''Zu befehl, Herr Hauptheitzer''''' 
German: Ready for orders, Chief Stoker. (Should be ''Zu Befehl, Herr Hauptheizer.'')

'''Black Gang''' 
The stoking crew, turned black by coal dust.

'''Oberhauptheitzer''' 
German: Master Chief Stoker. (Should be: ''Oberhauptheizer.'')

'''Mannlicher''' 
German military pistol.

'''''"Dampf mehr!"''''' 
German for "more steam!" (Should be: ''Mehr Dampf!'')
:If this is an error, as it appears to be (and as it's marked by [http://www.glanzundelend.de/glanzneu/pynchonpalm.htm German native speakers]), it may stem from a common phrase such as ''Wir haben keinen Dampf mehr,'' we have no more steam. Is there any remote possibility that ''Dampf mehr!'' was a form used in shipboard orders (spoken or telegraphed) at the time of the action?
:Following up this nagging question, I have found some photos of engine room telegraphs with German on the dials: [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiffstelegraf here] and [http://www.digitalstock.de/detail.php?bildnummer=178966&seite=5&abilder=20&uid=&kategorie= here]. Neither refers to ''Dampf'' at all (instead ''volle Kraft'' = full power, ''volle Fahrt'' = full speed). These finds seem to eliminate the possibility that ''Dampf mehr'' is a phrase Pynchon collected in this context.

'''singlet''' 
Undershirt.

'''syntonic wireless''' 

See [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_397-428#Page_397 p.397] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_219-242#Page_229 p. 229]. The comparison of wireless communications with messages from the spirit world echoes Kipling's short story [http://www.benlo.com/ham/wireless.html Wireless], Scribner's Magazine, August 1902. There are many Kipling echoes in AtD.

==Page 518==

'''ignorant off''' 
Error in first edition. Should be "ignorant of".

'''Marconi room''' 
Radio shack.

'''British and German battle groups were engaged off the Moroccan coast''' 
This could be a reference to the First Moroccan Crisis (a.k.a. Tangier Crisis) taking place between March 1905 and May 1906. This would be in keeping with the timeline of the novel, however, there seems to have been no engagement of troops between British and German forces. On the other hand, this could also be a reference to the Agadir Crisis (a.k.a. The Second Moroccan Crisis) of 1911 where the German gunboat, Panther, was deployed to the Moroccan port of Agadir, threatening British naval supremacy. Although the later altercation seems unlikely given the timeline of the story, Pynchon notes that the S.S. Stupendica received its message "from somewhere else not quite in the world, more like from a continuum lateral to it."

'''design maximum of nine degrees''' 
''Maximilian'' will right herself from a nine-degree heel but may be in trouble if she leans over farther.

'''nymphs''' 
Stage in the life cycle of many insects, including the cockroach.

'''''"Porca miseria"''''' 
Italian: good grief, for heaven's sake, dammit.

==Page 519==

'''tight circle''' 
Military as inane as circus clowns.

'''southeast by east''' 
The compass rose has 32 points, each 11 and a quarter degrees from the next. Southeast by east is one point to the east of southeast, i.e., 123 and three-quarters degrees clockwise from north.

'''deeper levels''' 
(Eg particle vs wave?)

'''A "deeper level" where dualities are resolved''' 
Engine room is far below the main deck, therefore a deeper level. The ''Stupendica/Maximilian'' duality is resolved there because it's a shared space.

'''Chinese''' 
???

Maybe the allusion refers to Chinese boxes, one box containing another box, containing another, etc? In the last box, at the "deeper level" dualities are resolved... don't know...

'''''nicht wahr''''' 
German: aint it true?

'''Graz''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz Graz] is the capital of the Austrian province of Styria. It is the second largest city, after Vienna, in Austria. Graz's old town is one of the best-preserved city centers in Central Europe and is on the UNESCO list of World Cultural Heritage Sites.

'''bilge-crab''' 
Most likely an insult meaning "below-decks crew".

==Page 520==

'''a Teutonic''' 
Ethnically a German.

'''Tangier''' 
a seaport in Northern Morocco on the west end of the Strait of Gibralta, about 500 miles northeast from Agadir, another Atlantic seaport. (Casablanca is midway between them.)

'''Mulai Ahmed er-Raisuli''' 
Infamous Morrocan outlaw/warlord. From this [http://www.explorers.org/publications/books_club/imprint/housetears.php website]: "Several decades before Saddam Hussein, Osama bin Laden, and Islamic insurgents, an international crisis ignited between the United States and the Middle East. In May 1904 Moroccan warlord Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli kidnapped Ion Perdicaris, a wealthy Greek-American resident of Tangier, in an attempt to extort money from the Sultan of Morocco. President Theodore Roosevelt responded with his "big stick" approach to diplomacy by dispatching a squadron of seven battleships to the Moroccan coast with the order: "Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead." The nine-week standoff, with US troops and ships in Tangier Bay and Raisuli holding fort in the mountains, exposed the impotence of emerging American power and a critical misunderstanding about Moroccan politics. When it was discovered that Perdicaris was not an American citizen after all, the US government kept the embarrassing episode a secret until 1933. Profiting royally from the conflict, Raisuli built his palace, which he called the "House of Tears"." [http://www.capitalcentury.com/1904.html another source]

'''Agadir, Queen of the Iron Coast''' 
Agadir is a city in southwest Morocco, capital of the Souss-Massa-Dra region. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agadir Wikipedia] From the [http://www.jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/MOL_MOS/MOROCCO.html Encyclopedia Britannica]: "Sixty miles farther south lies Mogador, beyond which the coast becomes more and more inaccessible and dangerous in winter, being known to navigators as the " Iron Coast." From Cape Sim (Ras Tagriwalt), to m. south of Mogador, the direction is due south to Cape Ghir (Ighir Ufrani), the termination of Jebel Ida u Taman, a spur of the Atlas. Beyond this headland lies Agadir (Agadir Ighir), the Santa Cruz Mayor or Santa Cruz de Berberia
of the Spaniards, formerly known as the Gate of the Sudan.' It is a little town with white battlements three-quarters of a mile in circumference, on a steep eminence 600 ft. high." [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=AGADIR old postcards from Agadir]

'''''colonists''...justify German interests...shadow-colonists''' 
In July 1911, the german gunboat "Panther" approached the harbour of Agadir under the pretext to protect german citizens from Sus-tribesmen, resulting in the "Agadir-Crisis" and nearly triggering WW I three years early. As there were no german citizens to protect in Agadir, so one had to be dispatched from Mogador. See [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/boshtml/bos137.htm Morocco Crisis of 1911.] and [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/05/23/its_not_the_first_war_under_false_pretenses/ source]

'''...destined for plantation...''' 
Typo in First Edition.
???

'''Sus... Susi''' 
The Sous Basin [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souss Wikipedia] and it‘s inhabitants, probably.

'''Abdel Aziz''' 
Sultan of Morocco 1894-1908 (aged 10-24yrs.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelaziz_of_Morocco Wikipedia]

'''Canaries''' 
Canary Islands, about 80 miles off Morocco‘s Atlantic coast [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_islands Wikipedia]

'''Many would go crazy and set out in small boats...''' 
Another paramorpic mirror image of our century. The Canaries, a Spanish possession, are the goal of untold thousands of would-be African entrants to the EU, i.e. a route of illegal immigration.

'''Lübeck''' 
Lübeck is the second-largest city in Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck Wikipedia]

'''Berbers''' 
The Berbers (also called Amazigh people or Imazighen, "free men") are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. In actuality, Berber is a generic name given to numerous heterogeneous ethnic groups that share similar cultural, political, and economic practices. It is not a term originated by the group itself. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people Wikipedia]. Berbers of southwestern Morocco usually belong to the ones known as Chleuhs [http://c.1asphost.com/imazighen/chleuhs/algeria.htm pics]

==Page 521==

'''tree-climbing goats''' 
Can be seen often, esp. in Morocco [http://www.markhorrell.com/travel/morocco/antiatlas/goats3.html Pic]

'''argan trees''' 
The Argan (Argania spinosa, syn. A. sideroxylon Roem. & Schult.) is a species of tree endemic to the calcareous semi-desert Sous valley of southwestern
Morocco. It is the sole species in the genus Argania. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argan_tree Wikipedia]

'''Gnaoua''' 
The Gnawa or Gnaoua refers at once to a style of Moroccan music with sub-Saharan Africa origins or influence, an ethnic group and religious order at least in part descended from former slaves from Sub-Saharan Africa or black Africans migrated in caravans with the Trans-Saharan trade, or a combination of both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnawa Wikipedia] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/english/gallery/music/gnawa.html more on Gnaoua] [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/french/galerie/musique/mp3/gnaoua.mp3 Gnaoua music sample mp3] [http://www.ibiblio.org/gnawastories/GNAWA%20STORIES20cDRIVE.swf nicely made site on Gnawa]

'''''mlouk gnaoui''''' 
Mlouk is the plural of melk, a supernatural entity envoked in the Gnawa rituals. Various types are known and they are distinguished by colors. The following is a google translation of the relevant paragraph from [http://www.bladi.net/2556-les-differents-aspects-de-la-culture-gnaouie.html this site]: "The mlouk are of male or female sex, Moslems or Jews. Their color corresponds to their origins. Thus one distinguishes the mlouks from the sea (bahriyin) to which one allots the light blue; the celestial ones (samaouiyin), have as a color dark blue; the mlouk of the forest (rijal el ghaba), originating in Africa, have as a color the black just like the mlouk pertaining to the troop of Sidi Mimoun, finally the red mlouk (Al homar), related to blood and which haunt the slaughter-houses, have as a color the red. The white and the green, colors symbols of Islam sunnite, are reserved to the called upon saints, in particular Moulay Abdelkader Jilali and Chorfa. To the female mlouk three colors are allotted: the yellow for the coquettery of Lala Reflected, the red for Lala Rkia for its capacity to cure the menorrhagia and the black for Lala Aïcha Kendisha because of its Sudanese origin. The Jewish mlouks which are sometimes called upon after the troop of the female mlouk have the black color. Incense fumigations of various perfumes accompany the invocations by these mlouks, with a preference however for the benzoin or jaoui."

'''Seigneurs Noirs''' 
French: Black Lords. According to the above translation, those most probably are jewish mlouks.

'''Bardo State''' 
Tibetan Bhuddist belief in a state between two mortal incarnations, during which one has direct perception of reality--for better or worse, Karmically speaking. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo]

'''Habsburg navy''' 
Austrian Navy

'''Mogador road''' 
Mogador" is a city and tourist resort in Morocco, near Marrakech on the Atlantic coast. (31°30′47″N)
Mogador is another name for Essaouira [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogador Wkipedia] about 70 miles north of Agadir. [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/index.php?rep=MOGADOR old postcards Mogador]

'''Tawil Balak''' 
In the Liner Notes for the Album "Love Songs of Lebanon" [http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/trackdetail.aspx?itemid=29129 downloadable from this site] the song ''Tawil Balak Ya Habboub'' translates as "Patience, My Love" - Tawil Balak being the Patience part. (Thats one nice soundtrack, btw!)

"Tawil", according to web-searches, is arabic for "allegorical explanation/interpretation/exegese" (of the Qu‘ran and Sunna texts). "Balak" might refer to the according Tora reading (Parsah) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balak_%28parsha%29 Wikipedia]. cf. Balaam‘s Ass p. 432. Do the cosmopolitan regulars at the bar like Moises spend their time interpreting holy texts?

'''Rahman''' 
???

'''Ostend''' 
a seaport in northwest Belgium. ''Ostende'' in German and French. It is the largest city at the Belgian North Sea coast. (It is about 1,700 miles from Agadir, Morocco.)

'''''Fomalhaut''''' 
The Maritime Digital Encyclopedia lists a "Dutch Vessel" named "Formalhaut" [http://www.ibiblio.org/maritime/photolibrary/displayimage.php?album=lastup&cat=688&pos=0 pic].

According to several websites [http://skytonight.com/news/3310401.html?showAll=y&c=y 1] [http://www.skyscript.co.uk/pis_aus.html 2] [http://www.icoproject.org/star.html 3] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomalhaut Wikipedia] etc. Fomalhaut is the 17th or 18th brightest star as seen from our planet and is located in the constellation called Pisces Austrinus (Southern Fish). The name derives from the Arabic Fum (or Fam) al-Hut, meaning "Mouth of the Fish" or according to a few web-resources the contributor has just visited, "Mouth of the Whale". The latter would mean its a strong connotation with the Biblical Legend of Jonah and the Whale (see annotations for this page below (not a spoiler, i hope).

Among most readers of Science-Fiction "Fomalhaut" is a location as common as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldebaran "Aldebaran"] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiopeia_%28constellation%29 "Cassiopeia"].

As per today (07 01 10) the Wikipedia-Entry on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon_Fomalhaut Demon Fomalhaut] is just a stub. According to most sites the contributor just visited, claiming credibility in the Book of Enoch [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Enoch Wikipedia] and due to some more non-canonical catergorizations, Fomalhaut seems to be a member of the infamous gang of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallen_angel Fallen Angels], a daredevil companero to Lucifer that is. This sub-summation in a hierarchy of angels might refer to some astrological/-nomical constellations of the star Fomalhaut as is.

As usual, with TP, we dont know for sure if theres some outlandish pun intended/-cluded in the name of a person or thing. What, to give variety to it, about a german compositive noun? Ger. "formal" = formal (like in formal behavior) + "haut" = skin; "Formal Skin".

'''Moïsés''' 
???

'''Jonah... Massa''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonah Jonah Wikipedia Entry] [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/jonah/jonah.html "Jonah on the Web"] From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco website]: "Some 60 m. farther south (from Agadir), at the mouth of a river known by the same name, is the roadstead of Massa, with a mosque popularly reputed the scene of Jonah's restoration to terra firma."

==Page 522==

'''Two Fishes, two Jonahs, two Agadirs?''' 
The Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 mentions rabbinic literature regarding two fishes - one male, one female - having swallowed Jonah: check out the "fish" paragraph [http://72.14.221.104/search?q=cache:8_12F1Yp1YoJ:www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp%3Fartid%3D388%26letter%3DJ+jonah+encyclopedia&hl=de&gl=at&ct=clnk&cd=1 here]. Both Tarshish (Cadiz), the "Agadir" in southwestern Spain, and Agadir in Morocco likely were founded by the Phoenicians: "Cadiz bears a Phoenician name, a deformation of Gaddir (wall), which we find in the Berber city of Agadir in Morroco." [http://faculty.uml.edu/jgarreau/50.315/Europ1.htm source]

'''kashbah''' 
Wikipedia entries on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasbah Kasbah] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casbah Casbah] [http://www.rabat-maroc.net/marocautrefois/AGADIR/agadir-la-casbah-vue-en-avion.jpg The Casbah of Agadir as seen from above]

'''Ighir Ufrani''' 
a.k.a Cape Ghir, a cape north of Agadir.

'''''Mogador herring''...''alimzah''...''tasargelt''''' 
From the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Morocco Morocco Entry]: "Occasionally a small shoal (of mackarel) may be found as far south as Mogador. Soles, turbot, bream, bass, conger eel and mullet are common along the coast, and southern Morocco is visited occasionally by shoals of a large fish called the azlimzah (sciaena aquila), rough scaled and resembling a cod, and the tasargelt (Temnodon saltator), the "blue fish" of North America. Crayfish, prawns, oysters and mussels swarm in the rocky places, but the natives have no proper method of catching them, and edible crabs seem unknown. The tunny, pilchard and sardine, and a kind of shad known as the "Mogador herring," all prove at times of practical importance."

azlimzah (sciaena aquila) [http://www.finerareprints.com/animals/histoire_naturelle/vol_hn_fish_4999.htm pic] (the lower one).

tasargelt (Temnodon saltator) [http://www.amatorbalikci.net/resimupload/lufer.jpg pic] (not sure if this is the real thing!)

'''scruff''' 
???

'''Staketsel''' 
According to the [http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staketsel Dutch Wikipedia] and its link to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier english site] this means "pier". [http://arglist.com/cgi-bin/image?gallery=oostende&name=20040909-004 pic]

'''lazarettes''' 
Below-decks storage space in the stern of a vessel. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarette].

'''''mon chou''''' 
"My cabbage." A french term of affection.

==Page 523==

'''moon deck''' 
???

'''lower orlop''' 
Lowest deck of a multi-decked vessel (OED).

'''lateen-riggers''' 
Boats or larger craft with triangular sails rigged fore-and-aft (picture: [http://www.carfilhiot.co.uk/media/1/20050607-rig.jpg]common in the Mediterannean [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateen] after introduction by the Romans in the 3rd century.

'''Dally had expected Bria would be the first...''' 
Editorial error? If one substitutes "Dally" with "Erlys" this sentence makes much more sense.

==Page 524==

'''exhilirated''' 
Second occurrence of this misspelling of ''exhilarated.'' (Cf. page 236, line 38: "exhiliration".)

'''Piazza Grande''' 
The central square in many Italian cities.

'''Denza''' 
Cf [[ATD_336-357#Page 353|page 353]]. Luigi Denza (1846-1922), Italian composer, most famous for his "Funiculi, funicula".

'''Antonio Smareglia''' 
Italian opera composer (1854-1929).

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 397-428

2010-08-22T04:21:23Z

Bangorang: /* Page 409 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 397==

'''syntonic wireless''' [[Image:Columbian1892_obv.jpg|thumb|United States Mint image]][[Image:Columbian1892_rev.jpg|thumb|United States Mint image]]
syn·ton·ic (sĭn-tŏn'ĭk) adj.Psychology. Characterized by a high degree of emotional responsiveness to the environment.
Electricity. Of or relating to two oscillating circuits having the same resonant frequency.
[From Greek suntonos, high-strung, intense, attuned, from sunteinein, to draw tight : sun-, syn- + teinein, to stretch.]

Syntonic Wireless Telegraphy. [http://earlyradiohistory.us/1901ayrt.htm Ayrton Prediction]. Electrical Review, June 29, 1901, p. 820.

'''street-Arab''' 
a homeless boy who has been abandoned and roams the streets.
[http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn wordnet].

'''some koindt of a ''sailboat'' pitchuhv on it''' 
The reverse of the coin shows Columbus' flagship ''Santa Maria'' (the obverse has the navigator's portrait).

'''1893''' 
Columbian half dollars were struck in 1892 and 1893. [http://www.coinlink.com/CoinGuide/commemoratives/1892-1893-columbian-exposition-half-dollar/ CoinLink]

'''Columbian ''Half-Dollar''''' 
The 1892 Columbian Exposition half dollar was the first commemorative coin authorized by Congress. [http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/commemoratives/index.cfm?flash=yes&action=premodern]

'''"ten yeeuhz ago"''' 
Places this action in or around 1903.

==Page 398==

'''nuncio''' 
Casually, a messenger; more formally, a permanent official Papal representative at a foreign court.

'''Evening Quarters''' 
A muster of the ship's company at the end of the day. 
Is this at 1800 Hours?

'''H.G. Wells''' 
Herbert George Wells (1866-1946), one of the 19th Century science fiction writers whom Pynchon is both emulating and parodying in ''ATD''. H.G. Wells was an English novelist, sociologist, journalist, and historian. He wrote series of fantastic scientific romances ''The Time Machine'' (1895), ''The Invisible Man'' (1897), etc. In combination with scientific speculation he developed a strain of sociological idealism in ''The War of the Worlds'' (1898), ''First Men on the Moon'' (1901) and many others. He also wrote the well-known ''Outline of History'' (1920). For more see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.G._Wells Wikipedia entry].

'''jeu d'esprit''' 
French: play of wits. Witticism.
Here, Lindsay places Wells' masterful Time Machine (see above) in opposition with the more flashy and vulgar versions ("adulterated") of time travel offered in dime novels. Interesting that this comment would be made by someone who is himself a character in a dime novel.

'''National Imprest''' 
An imprest system is a system using loans as control against fraud and theft. The most common imprest system known is the petty cash system. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprest_system Wikipedia]. Interesting that the Chums' petty cash system goes
under the rubric National, not International?

'''"Plug" Loafsley''' 
Plug-ugly loafer/oaf?

'''Lollipop Lounge''' 
Lollipop is vulgar slang for an underage girl. There is at least one 'pornographic' magazine called Lollipops featuring supposedly underage girls.

'''Tenderloin''' 
2) A city district notorious for vice and graft. [After 'the Tenderloin', an area of New York City (from the easy income it once offered corrupt policeman). Cf p.334.
From the American Heritage Dictionary.

'''squalid empire''' 
Cf Alan Parker's 1976 movie "Bugsy Malone". [http://imdb.com/title/tt0074256/ IMDb]

==Page 399==

'''indigo... yellow''' 
Clashing-colors motif. Bright full-of-life colors.

'''dicer''' 
A hat [http://books.google.com/books?id=CUQSAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&dq=dicer+hat&source=web&ots=3K_D1BkmBP&sig=xhzWDfgmMitS2mGUzL4ee8MHzTo], perhaps of the style now known as "baseball cap"[http://www.skateamerica.com/store/KR3W-Youth-Hat-Dicer-Black-ID_P15118C62.cfm].

'''opopanax and vervain''' 
Two fragrant, medicinal substances derived from flowering plants. They bloom yellow and violet, respectively. Wikipedia pages for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opoponax opopanax] and for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vervain vervain].
:Though Wikipedia prefers the spelling ''opoponax'', the ''OED'' suggests Pynchon's.

'''contrabass saxophone''' 
A spectacular piece of hardware, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxophone#Members_of_the_saxophone_family somewhat taller than the person playing it.] Pitched in E-flat—if you are keeping track—two octaves below the alto sax.

'''slide cornet''' 
A brass instrument with the voice of a cornet but using a slide instead of valves. Very, very rare.

'''mandola''' 
An eight-stringed instrument shaped like a mandolin but tuned the same as a viola. It is originally an Irish instrument.

'''"tin pan" piano''' 
A reference to New York's Tin Pan Alley. Probably, the tag means to indicate that the piano was out of tune or sounded 'cacophonous'. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_pan_alley Wikipedia entry]

'''anchored by . . . piano''' 
It's hard to imagine the sound of the ensemble: big reedy bass, lots of rhythm from the mandola, the abandoned wailing of the cornet, fuzzy arpeggios on the piano. Like a children's Fourth of July parade, plus hallucinogens.

'''houris''' 
According to the ''OED'', a "nymph of the Muslim Paradise. Hence applied allusively to a voluptuously beautiful woman." <ref>'''The Oxford English Dictionary''' 2nd Ed. 1989.</ref>

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, "houris" is the plural of 'houri', as defined above.

'''Darby''' 
Over 21yo, if he's aged.

'''chanteuse''' 
A female singer of popular songs, esp. in France. <ref>'''The Oxford English Dictionary''' 2nd. Ed. 1989.</ref>

==Page 400==

'''paillettes''' 
2. a spangle used to ornament a dress or costume. [from Old French,diminutive of
paille,straw]. American Heritage Dictionary.

'''louche''' 
of questionable taste or morality. From Old French, losche= squint-eyed,
ultimately from Latin, luscus = blind in one eye. Source: American Heritage Dictionary.

''OED'' Oblique, not straightforward. Also, dubious, shifty, disreputable. <ref>'''The Oxford English Dictionary''' 2nd. Ed. 1989.</ref>

'''"jazz"''' 
The ''OED'' suggests that the spelling here was always more popular than ''jass'', as used on [[Pages 358-373#Page 370|p. 370]]. It makes sense that a musician like "Dope" Breedlove might use a less conventional spelling, as he would be familiar with the term before common usage had regularized its spelling. By contrast, within the "dime novel" idiom of the Chums of Chance narration (dime novelists not necessarily being, especially in those days, the swingin'-est of cats), while ''jazz'' still registers as a slang term, its spelling has already been regularized.

'''Dey high-hats us uptown''' 
They scorn or snub us.

'''Dey low-balls us downtown''' 
They underestimate us.

'''Missus Grundy''' 
Mrs. Grundy, proverbial looker-askance at any improper activity. "[A]n extremely conventional or priggish person" after a character alluded to in the play ''Speed The Plough,'' by Thomas Morton (1764-1838), British playwright. Source: American Heritage Dictionary.

''''ying'''' 
"Yen"? And play/contrast with yang?

==Page 401==

'''Angela Grace''' 
I.e., Angel of Grace

'''Gophiz... Hudson Dustuhs''' 
Gophers, Hudson Dusters. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Dusters New York street gangs.]

'''bushwahs''' 
Bourgeois.

'''slickin up''' 
Gentrification.

'''Mr. Mawgin''' 
J. Pierpont Morgan. Dr. Zoot has funding from the same source that supported Tesla earlier.

'''stanchion''' 
Upright structural member, here part of the El trestle.

'''find it''' 
(Small-penis joke.)

'''time-corroded''' 
Actually, on [[ATD 149-170#Pages 154-155|p. 154]] we learn that when these structures were erected, they were intentionally antiqued, "deliberately burned, attempts being made to blacken the stylized wreckage in aesthetic and interesting ways," a description that applies also to Pynchon's historical fiction with its antiquated language and its generally favorable view of all things black. Though, of course it's been a decade since the shrine was erected, and some actual time-corrosion may have occurred.

'''seeming to date from some ancient catastrophe, far older than the city.''' 
When, what is that catastrophe in ATD, pages 149-170?
:There's more than a hint in the geography. From Central Park to the Tenderloin, on a street where you can smell the waterfront; west and south till you hit (literally) the Ninth Avenue El; south on the El line. Eventually you get to the World Trade Center site.

'''I AM THE WAY INTO THE DOLEFUL CITY''' 
Italian: "Per me si va nella città dolente". Phrase first appears on [[ATD 149-170#Pages 154-155|p. 154]], where it is inscribed over the shrine that the citizens erect to the Destroyer. It is a quote from Canto III of Dante's ''Il Inferno,'' where it is emblazoned over the gates to Hell.

'''triatomic''' 
I.e., ozone or O3, which is a molecule composed of three bonded oxygen molecules. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone Wikipedia.]

==Page 402==

'''solenoidal relay''' 
Solenoid: a cylindrical coil of wire hollow in the center. To make a relay, stick an iron rod partway into the middle. Turn the current on, and the magnetic field pulls the iron in. Attach the rod to the bolt on the gate and you can unlock it by pushing a button.

'''Dr. Zoot''' 
homage to Zoot Sims, jazzman? 
Most often combined with Suit, as in
Zoot suit - Wikipedia. Often zoot suiters wear a felt hat with a long feather (called a tapa or ... By their dress, Zoot suiters expressed defiance, at a time when fabric was ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoot_suit
There is a contemporary "zootsuit" radio station devoted to old radio shows. Historically, much later than the period of ATD here, there were riots in Los Angeles called the Zoot Suit riots (alluded to in, wasn't it, ''The Crying of Lot 49''?)(Edit- nope, GR.)

'''pale''' 
Even tough-guy Plug fears the time machine.
Pynchon's perspective on artificial light, "already harsh illumination".

'''dynamo''' 
Electrical generator. Converts any rotational motion to AC or DC power.

'''Grandmother's day''' 
Pre-Civil War.

'''Breguet''' 
A distinctive fine watch of French design, usually with open circles ('moons') near the ends of the hands. (See also p.140) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breguet_(watch) Wikipedia entry]

'''shimming''' 
Insertion of thin material to make two parts line up. Think of the matchbook under the table leg.

'''revenue diverted''' 
(Why not no-revenue?)because revenue was spent---very cheaply: in only "the simplest upkeep."

==Page 403==

'''gutta-percha gasketry''' 
Gutta-percha (Palaquium) is genus of tropical trees native to southeast Asia and northern Australasia, from Taiwan south to Malaya and east to the Solomon Islands. It is also an inelastic natural latex produced from the sap of these trees. One use of gutta-percha was the "guttie" golf ball with a solid gutta-percha core, which appears [[ATD_919-945#Page 934|later in ''Against the Day'']]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutta-percha Wikipedia]

'''coaming''' 
Bodywork. Panels concealing frame, wiring, etc.

'''undog this hatch''' 
Nautical: disengage whatever is holding the door shut.

'''faith''' 
(Blind, not humble.)

'''nervous organizations''' 
Cf drugs. Cf. sympathetic vibrations, a physical kind of empathy.

'''pillioned''' 
Riding two to a horse.
Refers specifically to the "passenger seat", separated from the main saddle. Also applies to motorcycle riding where the small passenger seat is called a "pillion". Metonymically, pillion can be used to describe the passenger.

'''horses''' 
8 million horses were killed in WW1. At first battle of war, Mons, cavalry used extensively. This was before the war became fought through trench warfare. Shows how blindsided the direction the war took and how out of control it became for all involved. Note that "galloping" calvary has often been associated with romanticizing and glorifying of war in American lit. Cf. Rev Hightower in Faulkner's Light in August. (Recall, too, that Pynchon nicked AtD's title from Faulkner's famous Nobel Prize speech.)
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/horses_in_world_war_one.htm
Cavalry?

'''arrays of metallic points''' 
Bayonets? Appears to be a depiction of the (still future) Great War, WWI.

Or, if we are observing the future dead, the metallic points are the bullets fired, now holding static in the places where they interrupted the living.

==Page 404==

'''shockwaves of the Creation''' 
Anachronistic Big Bang theory? 
I must say that in the Big Bang theory, stars
were first created out of the bang; here the metaphor seems to accept that the stars already exist and "are blown through by the shockwaves of the Creation", capitalized, a common Pynchon touch, as in a Biblical allusion.

'''chamber shook''' 
(It didn't on p403.)

'''not beasts''' 
Airplanes?
Or Missiles/rockets? 'A screaming comes across the sky'....

'''smell''' 
Cf GR on Passchendaele.

==Page 405==

'''latest Oldsmobile''' 
(Dates.) 1903.

'''Candlebrow U.''' 
So what is a "candlebrow"? Consider those phallic ''ex voti'' candles offered up to [[St. Cosmo]]. The head of the candle-phallus, brow shaped, sits atop the cyclindrical candle-shaft and is, metaphorically, the candle's brow. And, natch, Gideon Candlebrow made the bucks necessary to fund Candlebrow U. with the miracle product [[#Page 407|"Smegmo,"]] the "Messiah of kitchen fats" (Imperial Margarine was advertised as "The King of Margarines") [http://www.google.com/search?q=define%3Asmegma&start=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official smegma] is the "cheesy secretion" that collects atop the "candlebrow" beneath the foreskin. [[ATD 374-396#Page 374|Ewball Oust's name]] has similar connotations.

Maybe I'm pointing out the obvious, but it seems to me like Pynchon's way of saying Dickhead University. --[[User:Pomopaulrevere|Pomopaulrevere]]

'''double-domes''' 
'dome' is slang for the human brain, of course. [Amer Heritage] and seems to mean, in humorous context, two-headed or double-brained thinkers...(more doubling motif--as joke?)

:Or possibly a sexual ''double entendre''...consistent with the [[The Sexual Angle|rampant sexuality]] in ''AtD''. Why, several double-dome images come to mind, almost faster than "egghead"...

:also possibly a reference to numerous "mad scientist" contraptions that connect two (unwilling?) patients, hooked together by metallic helmets (domes), in order to "switch" "souls" from one body to another. Seems far-fetched, but in a book dominated by the idea of dopplegangers created by the refraction from Iceland spar, not so much...

:Also a possible reference to phrenology, the pseudo-science of skull shape in relation to personality traits. "Dome" in phrenology seems to refer to a desirable head shape, with the top of the skull large and rounded, like an egg with the larger end up. This seems to indicate morality, reason and self-restraint, in phrenology. Thus, could "double-dome" refer to someone with two possibly conflicting systems of morality, or reason? It seems a bit of a reach. But phrenology is probably something Pynchon would've paid attention to in his survey of the riot of pseudo-sciences clamoring for respect during that era.

'''drumming''' 
Traveling salesmanship.

<div id="balinhan"></div>'''a saloon down by the river called the Ball in Hand''' 
The Ball in Hand isn't the river, it's the saloon. Still, the name does have an English ring to it. The Bird in Hand is a common pub name in Britain.

Another cricket allusion? If so, rather obvious. Surely a straightforward sexual joke.
:Oh yes. As discussed a couple paragraphs down!

Ball in Hand might refer to the "orb," an emblem of sovereignty held in the monarch's left hand in many state portraits; the orb is a small globe usually surmounted by a cross. Or a physics allusion, though anachronistic by some 30 years: the dome of a Van de Graaff generator. The museum visitor places her hand on it, the docent cranks the machine, and the victim's hair flies into an [[ATD_26-56#Page_26|aigrette.]] Or a more carnal connotation, not anachronistic at all. Or fortunetelling. These remote connections do make cricket sound pretty good:

A term used in pocket billiards (especially 9-ball) when a player has scratched (sunk the cue ball) and the player who follows is allowed to place the cue ball wherever he/she wants.

:Given all the other [[The Sexual Angle|sexual references]] in ''AtD'', this definitely has a sexual ring to it. Consider that the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines "ball" as "5. Any rounded protuberant part of the body." It is thought that "ball" is derived from the Indo-European word ''bhel'', meaning to blow, swell; with derivatives referring to various round objects and to the notion of tumescent masculinity. Derivatives include ''boulevard'', ''boulder'', ''phallus'', ''balloon'', ''ballot'', and ''fool''. [http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/roots/zzb01800.html]

<div id="meatman">'''Alonzo Meatman'''</div>
Meatman translated to German is Fleischmann, as in [http://www.fleischmanns.com/products/index.jsp Fleischmann's], makers of yeast, margarine, and assorted spreads.

:Yes, perhaps a cheesy spread, like that smegmo! In 1973, Jerry Lee Lewis recorded an homage to his oral talents entitled "Meat Man" in which he brags of having "a maytag tongue with a sensitive taste." This fits in with [[The Sexual Angle]] in AtD. [[Meat Man|Read the lyrics...]]. And there ''are'' those [[ATD 57-80#Page 73|great balls of fire]] known as ball lightning.

'''they don't like to cross running water''' 
A preference shared by witches, vampires and in some accounts the Devil.

==Page 406==

'''counterfeit of the Timeless''' 
Thematic. Whole sentence seems the sharpest indictment of 'the Academy' as exemplified by Candlebrow U.

'''fatal discovery''' 
Note the contrast with "fateful discovery" on [[ATD 397-428#Page 398|p.398]].

'''''Imum Coeli''''' 
Latin for "bottom of the sky." In Astrology, it is the point in space where the ecliptic crosses the meridian in the north, exactly opposite the Midheaven. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imum_Coeli Wikipedia entry]

'''rusticated''' 
Of masonry, parts of buildings, etc.: Rendered rustic in appearance. <ref>Def. 3a. '''The Oxford English Dictionary''' 2nd. Ed. 1989.</ref>

'''Gideon Candlebrow''' 
made-up founder whose scandalous fortune underlay Candlebrow U?

'''Grossdale''' 
a gross dale?

'''great Lard Scandal of the '80s'''' 
Real event? (There were a couple of 'Lard Scandals" in last ten years but in countries other than Great Britain.) 

Since Gideon had to testify before congress about it, said Scandal must have happened in the States. He seems to have shipped lard that was deemed too "adulterated" to be sold in the US to good old Britain, thereby, as Pynchon puts it with a good dose of mean-spirited humor, "compromising further an already debased national cuisine". What did he use to adulterate the lard? The secret ingredient in Smegmo, maybe?

In [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_5#113 ''V.''] Pynchon mentions the "Great Sewer Scandal of 1955."

'''Christmas pudding controversy'''' 
Lard could certainly be used while making Christmas Pudding, aka Plum Pudding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_pudding Wikipedia entry], the quintessential British holiday treat. The traditional ingredient, though, is suet. Some families might have tried to substitute lard in the recipe, which would have radically altered the taste of the pudding, sparking bitter fights about the importance of culinary tradition. Could this "controversy" be a metaphor of the effects of American cultural imperialism? Maybe I should just do a taste test...

==Page 407==

'''"Smegmo"''' 
Smegma is a secretion of mammalian genitals [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smegma Wikipedia].

The word derives from a transliteration of the Greek word σμήγμα for soap.

As an "artificial substitute for everthing in the edible-fat category" pronounced kosher by an "eminent Rabbi of world hog capital Cincinnati, Ohio," Smegmo may be a code name for Crisco, a Procter & Gamble creation invented in Cincinnati in 1911 -- an anarchronism or time shift in the text -- and marketed through various ethnic cookbooks, including a Yiddish/English kosher cookbook published in 1933 with the "Hechsher (or certificate) of a prominent Orthodox rabbi, "denoting that Crisco contained nothing animal-based."
[http://www.crisco.com/about/history/1930.asp]

"Smegm"a + crisc "O" = Smegmo

:Interesting(?) sideline: Here in Denmark the slang word for smegma is 'nakkeost' -i.e. 'neck-cheese'. And of course anyone who's seen 'Red Dwarf' will know about the current British use of 'smeg' (Not smeggin'likely, get the smeg outa here! Smeg off!). What do Americans call it?

Smegmo and Candlebrow:
"The initial purpose [for Crisco] was to create a cheaper substance to make candles than the expensive animal fats in use at the time. Electricity began to diminish the candle market, and since the product looked like lard, they began selling it as a food." Yet another Lard Scandal? [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisco]

Also P&G was founded as a candle (Procter) and soap (Gamble) company, making profits from the fat of slaughtered pigs in "Porkopolis," Cincinnati.

Finally, the stock ticker for P&G is PG which is pretty close to one of Pynchon's favorite animals -- PIG.

Cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_525-556 cottonseed oil] p. 546.

'''margarine''' 
1887 saw the introduction of the Margarine Act in Great Britain, which required margarine to be labeled as such. This was in response to the adulteration of butter by oleomargarine (made from animal fats).

Candlebow + margarine reminds me of Camille Paglia on Renee Zellwegger as "margarine-browed" (which I don't really understand).

'''four thousand years''' 
Refers to the time believed to have elapsed since Abraham and the foundation of Judaism [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham Wikipedia]. Under kosher laws Jews are not allowed to mix milk and meat products in the same meal. The rabbi's proclamation about having waited 4000 years refers to the arrival of Smegmo as a non-milk substitute for butter that can be eaten with meat dishes.

'''"you kept hearing different stories about exactly what was in it"''' 
Refers to wide range of urban legend-like attributions as to the origins and/or makeup of smegma that exist especially among children.

There's a resonance with Coca-Cola, too: exaggerated secrecy about the formula, fanatical market development, endowment of a university (Emory in the case of the Woodruff and Candler fortunes).

'''First International Conference on Time-Travel''' 
MIT students held a [http://web.mit.edu/adorai/timetraveler/ Time Traveler Convention] on May 7, 2005. The organizers did only modest publicity, claiming that the event would be reported and people in the future would read about it and decide to attend. One of the principals pointed out that only one such convention would ever need to take place. Vanderjuice's reasoning is almost a mirror image of that.

'''''The Time Machine''''' 
A short novel by H. G. Wells, written as a series of articles in 1888 for ''The Science Schools Journal'', and published as a book in 1895. The central character, ''Time Traveller'', tells a group of friends that he has invented a machine which can travel through time, enabling him to investigate the destiny of the human species. In the year 802,701, where he is temporarily stranded, he finds the meek and beautiful ''Eloi'' ling in apparently idyllic circumstances, but discovers that they are the prey of the degenerate ''Morlocks'', descendants of laborers who have lived underground for centuries. In later eras he sees the life-forms which survive the extinction of man, and thirty million years hence he is witness to the world's final decline as the sun cools. (Taken from ''The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English'', 1988 Edition.) For more information from other source see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Time_Machine The Time Machine].

'''this year''' 
??? 1903.

'''flammivomous''' 
Vomiting out flame. <ref>'''The Oxford English Dictionary''' 2nd. Ed. 1989.</ref>

'''sophomoric slogs''' 
Slog can be a forceful hit and a Cricket term. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slog Link]

'''nooky''' 
"nooky" is synonymous with "pussy" both of which are used metonymically to denote either the sex act or, in this case, women who are desirable as sex partners.

'''1925 or thereabouts''' 
Lindsay's unfamiliarity with the term "nooky" ''could'' continue until it becomes an accepted part of the English language, which occurred, according to the ''OED'', with its first substantiative written usage in 1928. The ''OED'', by the way, prefers the spelling ''nookie'' (the ''Shorter OED'' prefers "nooky"). However, the term was certainly in the vernacular long before it made it into the ''OED'' and is speculated to be of British origin, perhaps derived from "nugging" (having sex) or "nook" which a vagina could be considered, I suppose.

Most likely a simple "chummy" joke, implying that poor old Lindsay wouldn't get to experience the pleasures of the flesh for another 25 years. Considering that the Chums don't seem to age, I really can't say how old he will be when the blessed event finally comes.

:Actually, this seems like a fairly obvious poke at exactly the kind of scholarship we're participating in here-- Miles admits and acknowledges that the use of "nooky" here is an anachronism, which will only be of a concern to readers who were actively trying to get laid in 1903, and the kind of people who look up the origin of a word 100 years later to say "...but they didn't say 'nooky' in '03!"

'''Randolph''' 
(Has he been absent?)

==Page 408==

'''telegraphic messages''' 
(Why at night, particularly? Email parody?) Seems many telegraphic messages were delivered at night, perhaps because they could be picked up during the daytime and many came after evening began.

When telegrams were a customary means of communication, you could send a "straight wire," which would go right on the wire and get delivered promptly, or a "night letter," which would go into a queue for transmission in low-traffic times and be delivered the next morning. The rate for night letters was lower than that for straight wires.

'''"Goes with everything"''' 
Cf Al Capp's Shmoos?

'''a ''million'' uses for Smegmo''' 
Tracing out just one parallel: Coke—foundation of the Candler fortune and the Emory U. endowment—is a beverage, a sweetener and flavoring agent (Coca-Cola Cake a Southern favorite), a solvent (best thing for removing bugs from windshields) and a cleanser (''MythBuster''-tested for polishing automotive chrome). In an emergency you can fill your radiator with it, and used with care it will raise bread dough.

Tracing out another parallel: Crisco, not only the first but also emblamatic of all synthetic shortening, is "ubiquitous in the cuisine and among the table condiments..." It is found in baked products (breads, cakes, muffins, etc.), salad dressings, soups, potato chips, mayonnaise, cheese spreads, peanut butter, cake and biscuit mixes. Raisins are sometimes coated with it. You will find them in most processed foods.

'''in the way that certain odors can instantly return us to earlier years''' 
Recalls Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu in which the taste and smell of a madeleine cookie summons a collection of childhood memories.

'''"There's a seminar on that tomorrow ... Or do I mean day before yesterday?"''' 
Are all the folks at Candlebrow time travellers? Unlikely. This remark seems to be a typical collegiate witticism about classes. Seems about everyone can STUDY time travelling at Candlebrow.

'''Finney Hall''' 
Probably a Hall/Auditorium/Room in Candlebrow U. named after American author Jack Finney (1911-1995), who wrote a famous time travel novel, ''Time and Again'' (1970). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Finney Jack Finney] for more.

'''florescent''' 
flowering, blooming.From florescense. Amer Heritage Dictionary

==Page 409==

'''Gibson Girls''' 
From illustrations of a kind of woman first made by Charles Dana Gibson. Besides certain physical features--see wikipedia---such women were thought
to be 'independent', often college girls, although not suffragettes.

'''"Why you insufferable little --"''' 
This line, paired with St. Cosmo's observation at the end of the following paragraph: "And might I add, Mr. Noseworth, that these constant attempts to strangle Suckling do our public image little good," seem a fairly direct reference to a well-worn trope from the ''Simpsons'' [http://www.snpp.com/guides/homer.file.html#strangle], in which the splenetic Homer, as played here by Noseworth, expresses his no-longer-controllable frustration with Bart, here the increasingly smartalecky Suckling.

Pynchon, as has been widely reported, has appeared on ''The Simpsons'' a couple times.

More than even "Vineland," it seems, this book is fraught with pop culture/low comedy asides. 

'''Wellesianism''' 
Typo, unless he means Orson. Should be Wellsianism. On page 412 the term
''''Wellsian''' optimism' was used.

:Orson Wellesianism seems correct: The scene, an immense inventory of discarded time machines, is reminiscent of the final scenes of ''Citizen Kane'' which show Kane's enormous collection of objects in rows of stacks extending seemingly to infinity.

Also, Orson did the infamous War of the Worlds broadcast that sent people shooting in the streets. The Wells/Welles blurring would imply Vanderjuice knew of a future event/movie and I don't think such characterological foreknowledge (in the prof's case) or authorial intrusion is active in this text. So I agree that it's a typo and not a really obvious/belabored pun.
'''Asimov Transecular''' 
Interesting to find one of Isaac Asimov's time travel machines on the pile of "picked-over hulks of failed time machines." Of course, it would have to have been deposited there from some time in the future.

transecular 
Adj "that is made through the centuries" (Portuguese) [[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 16:48, 19 December 2006 (PST)

Rather than troubling to search for a Portuguese word, isn't it more likely that Asimov or Pynchon coined this in a nearly trivial way? ''Trans,'' across, plus ''secular,'' ages or centuries (from Latin [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?l=s&p=11 ''sæculum,''] an age, a generation, 120 years; also yielding French ''siècle,'' a century).

'''Asimov''' 
Isaac Asimov (1920-1992), Russian born American biochemist and science fiction writer. His family emigrated to the US in 1923 and he was naturalised in 1928. He graduated from Columbia University and had been Professor of Biochemistry of the University of Boston since 1979. He began contributing stories to science fiction magazines in 1939 and his first book ''Pebble in the Sky'' was published in 1950. Many others followed. ''The Foundation Trilogy'' (1963) made an international reputation as the master of science fiction. Since 1958 he had published few novels, preferring to concentrate on text books and works of popularized science such as ''Intelligent Man's Guide to Science'' (2 Vols. 1960). And he also wrote ''Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare'' (1970). In his life time he wrote over 500 books that spanned the realm of human knowledge. [http://www.asimovonline.com/ Asimov Home Page] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issac_Asimov Isaac Asimov].

'''Tempomorph''' 
Tempo + morph = Time change

'''Q-98s''' 
FM station? The weapon used by Loony Tunes character Marvin the Martian is called the Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator

'''Flow''' 
Flow of Time.

'''vulcanite''' 
Star Trek allusion? A kind of mineralized rubber.
:a hard, readilly cut and polished rubber, obtained by vulcanizing rubber with a large amount of sulfur or some sulfur compound under a moderate heat (110-140 degree C), used in the manufacture of combs, buttons, and for electric insulation.

'''Heusler's alloy''' 
any of various alloys of manganese and other nonferromagnetic metals that exhibit ferromagnetism. Named after Conrad Heuslet, 19th-century German mining engineer and chemist.

'''bonzoline''' 
Synthetic ivory, used to make billiard balls.

'''electrum''' 
An alloy of gold and silver, presumably not the same as ''argentaurum''.

'''lignum vitae''' 
The very hard heavy wood of any of several tropical American guaiacum trees. In Latin, literally "wood of life."

'''platinoid''' 
An alloy of copper, nickel, tungsten and zinc, formerly used in elecric coils.

'''magnalium''' 
Magnesium-aluminum alloy.

'''packfong silver''' 
A Chinese alloy of nickel, zinc and copper, resembling German silver. [http://dict.die.net/packfong/ packfong].

'''The Ball in Hand''' 
[[#balinhan|See annotations to p. 405.]]

'''safe harbor''' 
Paradoxical, I think.

'''automorphic''' 
auto = Self,same. Morph = to change. The theory of automorphic functions concerns a generalization of periodic functions such as the Earth's revolution.

'''Eternal Return''' 
A fascinating interpretation of history in which Time is a single cycle and once it has reached its conclusion begins anew, and each repetition of the cycle is utterly identical to the first. Perhaps originating in ''The New Science'' by Giambattista Vico, though made most famous by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who used it as the basis for his moral philosophy. Cf. Nietzsche, ''The Will to Power''.

Notice that at Candlebrow, the conferences converged to a "form' of Eternal Return. The almost instantaneous way the conferees can be "resurrected' and seem never to age, makes this form of the Eternal
Return a lot like Never-Never Land. 
A-and perhaps a Pynchon jape at Nietzsche's vision of history?

==Page 410==

'''revenance''' 
Related to revenant, a ghost, a returner from the dead.

'''River of Time''' 
cf "the invisible river, the flow of Time", p.252. Herein a 'parable' drawn from the flowing of a literal river, by some Candlbrow conferees.

Cf. "The River of Time" (first published in 1981 as "Coexistence" in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine) 

Cf. M&D's "in America, time is a river that goes through hell"

Cf. Heraclitus's Flux and Fire Philosophy. [http://www.thebigview.com/greeks/heraclitus.html]

'''Symmes Street''' possible reference to the Symme's Hole which leads into the hollow earth, i. e. a street on the extreme fringe

Symmes Street = Symmetry ?

'''gaslit''' 
Lightfuel motif.

'''St. Louis Fair''' 
1904.

Also "Pygmy boyfriends escaped from the St. Louis Fair" - in the book Ota Benga, about a pygmy who appeared in the St. Louis Fair, there is a reference to pygmies escaping from their exhibit and disappearing into neighborhoods of St. Louis, never to be found

'''''kielbasa sausage''''' 
Often referred to as Polish sausage (which is uncooked), Kielbasa sausage is a precooked, smoked, traditionally made of pork that is highly seasoned with garlic.

also used to describe a very large penis. Judging from the "disreputable" nature of the Ball in Hand, it wouldn't seem too far-fetched to imagine Polish comedians hitting themselves over the head with their own appendages.

'''fantan''' 
Traditional Chinese gambling game; also a card game [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan].

'''"preserver"''' 
Or "life-preserver": slang, a blackjack or cosh.

'''magenta-and-green''' 
Clashing-colors motif. This combination appears in a bandana in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow''] (Viking p. 69 line 14). 
Life colors in Pynchon, it might be argued?, as is a bandana. 
The clashing of (anarchic) life motif, maybe? 

magenta is a color that was renamed for a battle, the Battle of Magenta!
see wikipedia.

There's something else striking about magenta and green: In the field of [http://www.rgbworld.com/color.html color mixing,] these are complementary in the sense that magenta results from filtering all the green out of white light and vice versa. Green is an additive primary (red-green-blue), while magenta is a subtractive primary (cyan-magenta-yellow). This does not hold for some other ''AtD'' color schemes (red/indigo comes to mind, but there are a dozen or so of these binary combinations).

==Page 411==

'''Finding of Unusual Circumstances Questionaire''' 
Also, presumably, known as the "F.U.C.Q." or "fucq" for short.

'''Hawaiian volcano''' 
Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park, established in 1916, displays the results of 70 million years of volcanism, migration, and evolution — processes that thrust a bare land from the sea and clothed it with complex and unique ecosystems, and a distinct human culture.

The park encompasses 333,000 acres and ranges from sea level to the summit of the earth's most massive volcano, Mauna Loa at 13,677 feet. ''Kilauea, the world's most active volcano, offers scientists insights on the birth of the Hawaiian Islands'' and visitors views of dramatic volcanic landscapes. Over half of the park is designated wilderness and provides unique hiking and camping opportunities. [[Hawaii|More on Hawaiian references in ''Against the Day'']]...

'''Zennist''' 
Practitioners of Zen Buddhism.

'''''Caged Women of Yokohama''''' 
Possible: Yokohama was one of the first Japanese cities with the heaviest
industrialization...wherein many young women from the surrounding rural
areas came to work in dreadful working and living conditions? "The early 20th century was marked by rapid growth of industry. Entrepreneurs built factories along reclaimed land to the north of the city towards Kawasaki, which eventually grew to be the Keihin Industrial Area. The growth of Japanese industry brought affluence to Yokohama, and many wealthy trading families constructed sprawling residences there, while the rapid influx of population from Japan and Korea also led to the formation of Kojiki-Yato, the largest slum in Japan at the time." Wikipedia. 
Misc. Like Telluride in the U.S., Yokohama had the first gaslit streetlamps in Japan. Wikipedia.

==Page 412==

'''koan''' 
Japanese. A ko-an is a story, dialogue, question or statement in the lore of Zen Buddhism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koan koan].

'''"Does a dog possess the Buddha-nature?" [...] "Yes, obviously"''' 
According to the Zen parable the answer to the question is "Mu", which is both "No" and the sound of a dog's bark, thus neither simply yes nor no. See the explanantion given by the Learned English Dog in Mason & Dixon (Ch. 3, p. 22).

'''apricot and aquamarine''' 
Clashing-colors motif.

'''F.I.C.O.T.T.''' 
As Alonzo Meatman goes right on to explain, F.I.C.O.T.T. is the acronym for the First International Conference On Time Travel, but readers of ''Gravity's Rainbow'' will recall also "Fickt" from the line "Fickt nicht mit dem Raketemensch," or "Don't f--k with the Rocketman."

'''hootnanny''' 
Typo? Should be hootenanny, an informal performance by folk singers, typically with participation by the audience. The OED says that it can be spelled either way, and also hootananny.

'''Bohr... Mach... young Einstein... Spengler... Wells... McTaggart''' 
All of these people did work involving either speculation about time (Wells) or other subjects that reached their highest expression in Einstein's Theory of Relativity, which had implications regarding the nature of time and spacetime [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity Wikipedia]. Pynchon refers to the fact that this work was underway and 'in the air' at the time of the novel. [[Bohr, Mach, Einstein, et al.|History and Discussion...]]

Notice how, among this stellar cast of scientists, Wells seems to be placed above the rest (cf: "Mr. Wells himself"), as if the writer of fiction trumped "real" scientists when it came to the idea of time travel.

'''dismissing . . . the ''existence'' of Time''' 
In a 1908 essay, ''The Unreality of Time'', McTaggart said "Our ground for rejecting time . . . is that time cannot be explained without assuming time." For the full text of the essay [http://www.ditext.com/mctaggart/time.html The Unreality of Time (1)] and other information [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unreality_of_Time The Unreality of Time (2)].

'''the McTaggartite''' 
disciple of Mctaggart?

'''neo-Augustinian''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo St. Augustine of Hippo] (354-430), in his autobiographical [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/augustine/confessions/confessions.html ''Confessions''], is credited with reconceptualizing the notion of time in Christian terms. Throyle, on [[ATD 119-148#Page 143|p.143]], summarizes what he terms "Christian time," as a "linear way of regarding time, a simple straight line from past, through present, into the future." See also [[ATD E|'''Eschatology''']].

<div id="pudding">'''fatal steamed pudding'''</div>
Presumably the subject of the "Christmas-pudding controversy" mentioned on p. 406. In the context of Prof. Taggart's disbelief in time and the Augustinian's presumed belief that time moves inevitably toward Christ's return, a Christmas pudding (which, one should mention, is prepared with suet or similar animal fat, though presumably Smegmo can be substituted) is a symbol, insofar as it invokes the birth of Christ, of a pivotal moment in the proper sequence of Augustinian time. The pudding, which context here suggests the neo-Augustinian dropped on the McTaggartite, at once symbolizes the Fall of Man, as well as the McTaggartite's inevitable descent into Hell. The whole arrangement is problematized, however, by the comments of the County Coroner, who describes the outcome of the event dependent on "wagering," chance being irreconcilable with Augustinian time.

'''vertical distance''' 
Of pudding-drop?

<div id="stearinery">'''Old Stearinery Bell Tower'''</div>
A stearinery (probably made-up word) is a facility where stearin is made. Chemically, stearin is an ester of glycerol with stearic acid, or stearic acid itself. The name also denotes the solid component of a fat. Smegmo undoubtedly contains stearin, so the Old Stearinery was a key part of the original production process.

"Until 1863 lard stearin was used to produce the stearic acid for candle making. With lard expensive and in short supply, a new method was discovered to produce the stearic acid using tallow. What lard and lard stearin was available was instead developed into a cooking compound. The same process was later adapted to create Crisco, the first all-vegetable shortening." [http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/The-Procter-amp;-Gamble-Company-Company-History.html]

==Page 413==

'''322 feet''' 
The ''average'' acceleration produced by gravity at the Earth's surface (sea level) is 32.2 (or 32.17405 to be exact) feet per second per second. This apllies "in any direction out to the curve of the Earth, notorious locally for exerting a fascination upon minds healthy and disordered alike."

''Pedantry Alert:'' From a height of 322 feet, you see the horizon at a distance of 22 miles.

'''disordered''' 
Eg clocktower assassins?
:Also people who may be moved to ''knock towers down.''

'''homeopathist''' 
One who practices homeopathy.

'''"the ''lycopodium'' type"... Fear''' 
Lycopodium is a common homeopathic remedy for many disorders. Homeopathy being the introduction into the body, in infinitesimal amounts, of a possibly toxic or irritating agent that ends up stimulating the body to heal itself.

'''sky-brother''' 
???
My take was that he was assuaging any hurt feelings with Meatman by placing him on the level of a fellow "Chum of Chance".

Hmm... maybe Chick is implying that he and Meatman are indeed of the same cloth, not bound by the earthly realm, the former spending most of his time in the air and the latter being able to travel to other dimensions.

'''other Promise... resurrected... two millennia''' 
???
:maybe this refers simply to the Resurrection (and therefore the end of Time); the Promise is that the trumpet (Chick's?) shall sound, and the dead shall be raised.

God's promise of eternal life vs. Time Travel's promise of making you immortal.

'''speaking trumpet''' 
Brass forerunner of the megaphone. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1671RSPT....6.3056M Abstract] of a 1671 paper; [http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conMediaFile.2647 photo] of a ship's speaking trumpet, 1799; [http://www.auroraregionalfiremuseum.org/giftshop/1850figure/source/horn.htm catalog entry] for a replica American fire brigade speaking trumpet, mid-19th century.

==Page 414==

'''purlieus''' 
outskirts, outlying areas; also (OED) "meaner streets about some main thoroughfare; a mean, squalid or disreputable street or quarter."

This whole section is a progress into the outlying areas, the fringes
(Cf. Pynchon's story ''Low-lands'', which takes place at a town dump)

'''millwork''' 
woodwork, doors, molding, wainscotting, etc, but cheap, prefabricated, not custom-fabricted on site.

'''penumbrae''' 
A penumbra is the outer and lighter part of the shadow created by an eclipse. "Penumbrae" is the plural form.

'''quiescence''' 
His name suggests a purveyor of meat, and he does "deliver" Chick to Mr. Ace.

==Page 415==

'''"Mr. Ace"''' 
This could be a nod to the 1946 film [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0038752/ ''Mr. Ace''] starring Sylvia Sidney and George Raft who plays Eddie Ace, the head man of a crooked political machine who intends to scuttle the gubernatorial campaign of female senator Margaret Wyndham Chase (Sylvia Sidney). He uses every dirty trick in the book to destroy Margaret, but she perseveres on the strength of sheer honesty and integrity. Through her example, Ace mends his own ways, earning Margaret's love as a bonus, and he helps her to run as an independent on a clean-government ticket.

It may, more specifically, refer to the old-time radio show called ''The Cases of Mr. Ace'' which had a very limited run mostly on WNEW in New York in the late forties. Raft played Eddie Ace, the sole owner of Ace Detective Agency on 6th Avenue. In the episode from June 25, 1945, Ace described one gangster thus:

:"The face of a small fragile old man. His hair was glossy and deep black. His eyes were glossy and deep black."

Compare this to Pynchon's Mr. Ace: "Glossy black eyes, presented like weapons in a duel."

'''phatic''' 
Relating to speech that serves to establish social relationships rather than to inform.

'''Those of us who spoke this truth were denounced as heretics''' 
Yes, the old Pynchon theme of those in control, the oligarchs, silencing the counterforce.

Taking of refuge in a planet's past was the plot of a Captain Kirk-era ''Star Trek'' episode; the unintentionally transported Kirk is taken to be a religious dissenter; fortunately his judge is one of the "refugees".

'''certain of your great dynamos''' 
Cf. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Brooks_Adams Henry Adams], author of ''The Virgin and The Dynamo''. Pynchon has written of being influenced deeply by Adams, and his ideas are particularly evident in Pynchon's [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki ''V.''].

'''Fraternity of the Venturesome''' 
Mistranslated 'Chums of Chance'.

'''''nzzt''''' 
Electrical short?

Suggests "he" could be a holographic image. Time traveling holograms were one feature of the "Temporal Cold War" subplot of ''Star Trek: Enterprise''; one such manifestation (complete with "nzzt's") is set in a huge dynamo station in a Nazi-occupied New York. This is two possible ''Star Trek'' allusions in a single page.

Electrical short is certainly relevant. The mistranslation is a kind-of short-circuit, then he gets the right phrase from his data bank. Bit like C3P0 in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_wars ''Star Wars'']?

'''You are not aware that each of your mission assignments is intended to prevent some attempt of our own to enter your time-regime.''' 
Aha! A little peek into the True Mission of the Chums. Time to take another look at those various adventures:

* ''Chums of Chance and The Evil Halfwit'' ([[ATD_1-25#Page_5|p.5]])
* ''Chums of Chance and The Curse of the Great Kahuna'' ([[ATD_1-25#Page_5|p.5]])
* ''Chums of Chance at Krakatoa'' ([[ATD_1-25#Page_6|p.6]])
* ''Chums of Chance Search for Atlantis'' ([[ATD_1-25#Page_6|p.6]])
* ''Chums of Chance in Old Mexico'' ([[ATD_1-25#Page_7|p.7]])
* ''Chums of Chance and the Bowels of the Earth'' ([[ATD_97-118#Page_117|p.117]])
* ''The Chums of Chance and the Ice Pirates'' ([[ATD_119-148#Page_123|p.123]])
* ''The Chums of Chance Nearly Crash into the Kremlin'' ([[ATD_119-148#Page_123|p.123]])
* ''Chums of Chance at the Ends of the Earth'' ([[ATD_199-218#Page_214|p.214]])
* ''Chums of Chance and the Caged Women of Yokahama'' ([[ATD_397-428#Page_411|p.411]])
* ''Chums of Chance and the Wrath of the Yellow Fang'' ([[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1019|p.1019]])

==Page 416==

'''ZZnrrt''' 
Cf 415.

'''"irreversible processes"''' 
In thermodynamics, an irreversible process is one in which the intermediate states cannot be specified by any set of macroscopic variables, and which are not equilibrium states. Since the intermediate states are unknown this process cannot be reversed.

'''Squanto and the Pilgrims''' 
Squanto (Tisquantum) was one of the two Native American Indians (Samoset being the other) that assisted the Pilgrims during their first winter in the New World. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squanto Squanto].

Ironic (although Chick means it sincerley) since in this case the Chums of C are "Squanto" and their strange interlocutors from another dimension are the pilgrims. Chick innocently suggests that the strangers from the future just want help (as, like the pilgrims, they have just arrived and are low on supplies, so to speak). It is implied that just as the Indian's helping the pilgrims was re-payed with disease, genocide and war, the payback the Chums reap for helping these visitors from another dimension may not be what they expect.

'''entropy''' 
A term first used in 1850s by the German physicist Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888). It is the name of a quantity in thermodynamics, statistical mechanics and information theory variously representing the degree of disorder in a physical system, the extent to which the energy in a system is available for doing work, the distribution of the energy of a system between different modes, or the uncertainty in a given item of knowledge. In thermodynamics absolut entropies cannot be determined, only ''changes'' in entropy. One way of stating the second law of thermodynamics (Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page 238|page 238]]) is to say that in any change in an isolated system, the entropy increases. This increase in entropy represents the energy that is no longer available for doing work in that system. See [http://www.entropylaw.com/ Entropy & Laws of Thermodynamics.]

'''"It's our innocence . . . ."''' 
Speculation about the motives of people who come from the future claiming to need something from the past. It is a common fallacy in all ages to think back to the past as a 'golden age' and an age of 'innocence'. Lindsay elaborates further down the page: "[I]magine ''them''... so fallen, so corrupted, that we — even we — seem to them pure as lambs. And their own time so terrible that it's sent them desparately back...." Think also of the kind of 'golden age' rhetoric often employed by certain politicians.

==Page 417==

'''"we're totally"''' 
...fucked.

'''"He is not what he says he is."''' 
Pynchon denies Chums backstory/explanation.

In addition, his story would be plausible almost too plausible in terms of the thermodynamic theories of the day, i.e. the Heat Death of the Universe (about which Pynchon has written before: see [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki ''V.''] and ''Entropy'').

'''trespassers''' 
Presumably individuals in the company of Mr. Ace and Alonzo Meatman, whose intentions toward the Chums of Chance are apparently sinister and for their own benefit. They appear to travel back through the stream of time without any kind of permission to execute their plans, thus making them trespassers (or parasites).

The idea of trespass could be thought of in another way too. Miles mentions Mr. Ace knowing him as a 'peeper' who observes the trespassers as they come to his time. We could think of the 'trespassers' as anyone in any time who looks back at a point in history. As such, they are actually 'peepers'. That these seem to have found a way not just to peep but actually to participate makes them more than peepers, in fact, it is this that constitutes their 'trespass'.

Pynchon seems to be playing with how we view history and the past, a theme common to all his work. The Chums, whose existence is, to an extent, fictional even within the work of fiction, are a nexus meant to control boundaries between points in time (e.g. the future and the present, or its past). Historians and other future observers want to use the past for their own purposes. If they become visible to the people in that past, they will appear as 'trespassers' and violators. As Miles says, they do "not have our best interests in mind".

We ourselves (readers and perhaps even more, Wiki authors) are also trespassers from the standpoint of the Chums. We read about them in the novel, which takes us to the past, to their present, and inserts us in a way that is invisible to them. We then write up entries and think thoughts about what they do. We are in their world in some way that to them is utterly mysterious and sinister because, again, we have own agendas in mind and not theirs.

Right: And what about the biggest trespasser of all - the author himself. After all, he's the one who can offer them immortality.

As opposed to Tyrone Slothrop, who seemed to have taken on a life of his own and escaped from the book totally in GR.

'''I see them ''pointing something'' back at me not exactly a weapon an enigmatic object.''' 
Hmmm. Could this have anything to do with the [[Q-weapon_and_Photography|Q-weapon]]?

— – – mmm... does anyone think that it might be just a remote control, and that the window through which the trespassers and the Chums see each other might be just a TV set? [[[User:Sonni|Sonni]] 09:19, 21 February 2008 (PST)]

==Page 418==

'''Trespass''' 
With a capital T.

'''evidence... everywhere''' 
Cf [http://cl49.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Crying of Lot 49''].

'''neuropathy''' 
An abnormal and usually degenerative state of the nervous system or nerves.

'''contracts''' 
With Devil.
More specifically, like Faust with Mephistopheles.

'''Other Units''' 
(So our five gossiped to others?)

'''exhaustive''' 
Cf Trekkies.

'''came to recall''' 
Cf PK Dick.

'''red and indigo''' 
Clashing?

'''Marching Academy Harmonica Band''' 
In this episode the academy goes by seven permutations of the name:
*Marching Academy Harmonica Band
*Harmonica Band Marching Academy
*Marching Harmonica Band Academy
*Harmonica Marching Band Academy
*Harmonica Band Marching Academy
*Marching Harmonica Band activities
*Harmonica Marching Band Training Academy
Its identity is not very securely tied down.
Clearly it's mutable, a kind of mirage. And surely there's a resonance with 'laughing academy'? And a hint of the Hogwarts train in 'Harry Potter'?

Pynchon devotes enough attention to that whole baffling "Academy" episode to make it appear fairly pivotal. The word order variations suggest an anagram _ "ham," as in "pig" again? "MBA," as in academic initiation into capitalism? "Bam!?" Maybe that whole episode hints at a naive, early 20th-century romanticized myth of military service _ boys seeking some adventure story, equated with a goofy lark like a harmonica band, but being thrust into the horrific mechanized slaughter of WWI. All the while, though, the anarchic jazz symbol of the harmonica, that other side of classic American soul, is trying to sneak through.

==Page 419==

'''"El Capitán"''' 
Sousa march. "El Capitán" was played by a military band on the deck of Admiral Dewey's battleship as he steamed into the Bay of Manila in 1898, to "liberate" the Philippines from Spain and also, not coincidentally, achieve access for U.S. capital and goods to East Asian markets once the Philippines became a colony. Thus the references to the "intricacies of greed as then being practiced by global capitalism" a few sentences later on p. 419 is hardly out of place for TRP, particularly when mixed with comments on how patriotic bromides and marching tunes go together. The harmonicas and the comment that improvisation is definitely NOT welcome in marching band arrangements, of course, provide Pynchon's own inimitable caustic/satiric touch; cf. the kazoos in GR. On "El Capitán": see Hess, Carol A. “John Philip Sousa’s ‘El Capitan’: Political Appropriation and the Spanish-American War.” ''American Music'' (Spring 1998).

'''"Whistling Rufus"''' 
[http://hetzler.homestead.com/NBCakeWalk.html A cakewalk song] written in 1899.

'''consecrated''' 
[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/consecrate] "1. To declare or set apart as sacred: consecrate a church."

'''Richardson Romanesque''' 
Style of American Romanesque architecture from 1880s-1890s, named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson, notable for use of brown stone, rounded corners, arches and cylindrical turrets. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardson_Romanesque Wikipedia Entry].

'''modal theory''' 
Context is suggestive of music theory, types of scales and keys of tonal music. However, Modal Realism is the view, notably propounded by David Lewis, that possible worlds are as real as the actual world. Possible worlds exist; the actual world is merely one among an infinite set of logically possible worlds, some nearer to the actual world and some more remote. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_realism]

'''chit''' 
Piece of military or bureaucratic paperwork; context suggests "request for transfer".

'''Bing Spooninger''' 
Like "Bing" Crosby, a crooner.

'''rack''' 
Current military and collegiate slang for "bed"--an anachronism.

==Page 420==

'''every note''' 
Om?

'''say "Wall"''' 
???

'''Yippy dippy dippy, doo!''' 
cf. ''Gravity's Rainbow'' (p. 66) where Slothrop goes down the toilet after, appropriately, a harmonica.

'''Now, it ain't that I wouldn't, 'cause I can but I won't,''' 
'''And I would if I wasn't, but I am so I don't''' 
This sounds very similar to a lyric from Frank Zappa's 'Stink-Foot:'

He said:
"IT DOESN'T, 'n YOU CAN'T!

I WON'T, 'n IT DON'T!

IT HASN'T, IT ISN'T, IT EVEN AIN'T

'N IT SHOULDN'T . . .

IT COULDN'T!"

He told me NO NO NO!

I told him YES YES YES!

I said: "I do it all the time . . .

Ain't this boogie a mess!"

'''difficult vocal feat''' 
???

'''segueing''' 
A deejaying term for moving from one song/track to another with no noticeable break if done correctly. 
Cf. [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow,''] Viking p. 70, line 36, where the phonetic spelling "segway" appears.

'''cakewalk''' 
An African-American entertainment having a cake as prize for the most accomplished steps and figures in walking; also, a stage dance developed from walking steps and figures typically involving a high prance with backward tilt. From this, slang for a one-sided contest or an easy task.

'''draw-note''' 
Note played on harmonica by "drawing" air through reed by sucking in rather than blowing out (insert crude sex joke here).

==Page 421==

'''popularity''' 
Masochistic love of oppressors.

'''''cover identity''''' 
Burden of resistance.

'''unannounced punishments . . . Combat-Inside-Ten-Meters''' 
Points up the Kafkaesque nature of the Academy.

:This bit in re: the Academy-- including the Combat-Inside-Ten-Meter-- could echo the Enfield Tennis Academy, one of the central locations in D.F. Wallace's "Infinite Jest."

'''Lombardy poplars.''' 
A large deciduous tree, reaching 30-40 m tall. They resemble large shrubs, due to their tall, slender appearance. They grow tall very quickly and usually die within 15 years of first planting. 

'''Out the window...''' 
The longest sentence so far in ATD.

'''Chromatic Harp''' 
A harmonica that plays all notes in an octave rather than a scale in a certain key. [http://www.hohnerusa.com/hchromatic.htm Examples].

'''Pitch Integrity Guard''' 
To prevent tampering with the notes in the ways described below - i.e. monitoring any tendency towards the 'Negroid'. 
= PIG - pigs long have held a fascination over Pynchon. 
A-and a Pitch Integrity Guard is a kind of cop, right? 

'''harmonica-reed files''' 
Filing the reeds would alter the notes slightly, allowing you to get 'in-between' notes that aren't in the normal major or minor scale.

'''sucking the tonic chords...Negroid sound''' 
Standard technique for playing blues harmonica ('harp'), also known as cross-blowing. The sucked notes are easier to 'bend' and wail with, so you can get the blues 'third', not quite minor, not quite major. Another technique that helps you get the 'Negroid sound' is soaking the harmonica, which gives the reeds a rougher, more bendable quality. That's probably the point of the 'late night visits to the latrine'. Compare with GR, where Slothrop (at college!) loses his harmonica down the toilet (he finds it much later in a stream in Germany! Gone back home, so to speak). There's a harmonica-soaking scene in Pennebaker's Dylan film 'Don't look Back'.
It wouldn't surprise me if there was some kind of folk wisdom that piss is even better than water for soaking the harp. Pee-culiar.

==Page 422==

'''I.G. Mundharfwerke''' 
Interessen-Gemeinschaft Mundharfwerke (Harmonica-works Association of Common Interests). "Mundharf" is Swabian German for "Harmonica". By analogy with I.G. Farben in ''GR'': the Mouth-Harp Cartel.

'''drifted''' 
Cf. Slothrop's desk in ''GR''.

'''the sprightly Offenbach air "Halls of Montezoo-HOO-ma!"''' 
The "Marines' Hymn" borrows the tune of the "Gendarmes' Duet" from the opera ''Geneviève de Brabant'' (1859) by French composer [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach Jacques Offenbach] (1819-1880). 
The lyrics of which are not entirely irrelevant: 
And if we meet a helpless woo-o-man 
Or little boys who do no harm 
We run them in, we run them in, 
We run them in, we run them in 
Because we are the bold gen-darmes! 

'''into the Latrine''' 
Cf. Slothrop's hallucination in ''GR''.

'''dentifrice''' 
A powder or other preparation for rubbing or cleansing the teeth; a tooth-powder or tooth-paste; also applied to liquid preparations.<ref>'''Oxford English Dictionary''' 2nd. ed. 1989.</ref>

'''vapor bearing...minerals''' 
Rows of mirrors facing each other (thus creating regular patterns, "chaining away for uncounted leagues") have been stained with images formed by regular use: breath, tiny bits of toothpaste or powder ("atomized dentifrice"), "shaving preparations," and mineral deposits from tapwater.

'''A.D.C.''' 
Aide-de-camp, administrative assistant to a commanding officer.

'''but they could find no entries in any of the daily Logs to help them remember''' 
Their situation has no precedent in any of the ''Chums'' novels. They have been betrayed, isolated and brainwashed, and they even doubt whether they are the authentic Chums. The following is not a spoiler: Any elementary handbook of plotting will tell you that they can't just single up all lines at the end of this episode and fly their ship "cheerly" on to the next adventure.

==Page 423==

'''revisit places where destinies took a wrong turn, or revisit in dreams the dreaming body of one loved more than either might have known...''' 
As far as we know, none of the Chums has actually experienced this. Sounds to me like an allusion to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faust Faust] and Gretchen/Marguerite, since this actually happens in several of the Faust versions. Especially in the context of the Faustian bargain they have made with Mr. Ace.

'''None of them...''' 
Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi#The_butterfly_dream Chuang Tzu's dream]: is he a man dreaming he's a butterfly, or a butterfly dreaming he's a man? On the rhetorical level of the story, this passage reiterates the dreamlike, near-delusional nature of the Chums' latest escape from what seems to have become their most dangerous foe. (418: "As if in a dream...").

'''volunteer decoys''' 
Fan-meme. 
Decoy = is usually a person, device or event meant as a distraction to conceal what an individual or a group might be looking for. 
I think this surprising phrase has Pynchonian meaning about the meaning of fiction like the Chums': 'escape', 'adventure' fiction is a decoy from
reality?

'''"At a Georgia Camp Meeting"''' 
a song by a Kerry Mills originally published in 1897.
Became a very popular 'cakewalk' tune. 
Lyrics: 
A camp meeting took place, by the colored race; way down in Georgia.
There were folks large and small, lanky, lean, fat and tall, at this great Georgia camp meeting.
When church was out, how the "sisters" did shout, they were so happy.
But the young folks were tired and wished to be inspired, and hired a big brass band.

Chorus: When the big brass band began to play pretty music so gay, hats were thrown away.
Thought them foolish people their necks would break,
When they quit their laughing and talking and went to walking for a big choc'late cake.

The old "sisters" raised sand, when they first heard the band; way down in Georgia.
The preacher did glare and the deacons did stare, at the young people prancing.
The band played so sweet that nobody could eat, 'twas so entrancing.
So the church folks agreed it was not a sinful deed, and they joined in with the rest. 

''':definition within above definition: 'cakewalk'''' 
Cakewalk is a traditional African American form of music and dance which originated among slaves in the US South. A cake, or slices of cake, were offered as prizes for the best dancers — a rare treat during slavery — giving the dance its name.
The dance was invented as a satirical parody of the formal European dances preferred by white slaveowners, and featured exaggerated imitations of the dance ritual, combined with traditional African dance steps. One common form of cakewalk dance involved couples (one male and one female, with their arms linked at the elbows) lined up in a circle, dancing forward alternating a series of short hopping steps with a series of very high kicking steps. Costumes worn for the cakewalk often included large, exaggerated bowties, suits, canes, and top hats....
The dance became nationally popular among whites and blacks for a time at the end of the 19th century. The syncopated music of the cakewalk became a nationally popular force in American mainstream music, and with growing complexity and sophistication evolved into ragtime music in the mid 1890s. The music was adopted into the works of various white composers, including John Philip Sousa and Claude Debussy; the latter wrote Golliwog's Cakewalk as the final movement of the Children's Corner suite (1908).

'''"deps"''' 
Dep. from American Heritage Dictionary = 1. department 2. departure 3. dependency 4. deponent 5. deposed 6. deposit 7. depot 8. deputy 
barring any other allusion, I think 'deps' here might stand for 1) departures or 2) departments (given words about other Chums above.
:Surrogates, decoys, escape: Surely these all make it certain that "deps" means "deputies."

'''route out of the past''' 
The nostalgia trap.

'''We wish we could tell you about everything that's been going on, but it's not over yet, it's at such a critical stage, and the less said right now the better. But someday . . . ''' 
The Chums imagine "the real Chums" as being engaged in a secret war that demands only one sacrifice from "the people," that of their innocence.

==Page 424==

''''coon' material''' 
Songs and humor in which African-Americans were stereotyped (as lazy, immoral, stupid, vain, etc.) and held in contempt. The most popular coon song, though, was written by an African-American, Ernest Hogan; titled "All Coons Look Alike to Me," it has an ''AtD'' resonance. Coon material was extremely popular between about 1880 and 1910; stripped of the word "coon," a diluted form still appears nightly on your TV. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coon_song Wikipedia] has a strikingly good article. For a partial list of coon references in ''AtD,'' [[ATD_26-56#Page_48|see annotation to p. 48.]]

'''isotropy''' 
the quality or condition of being equal along all directions. For more technical information see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotropy isotropy].

'''presently''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb R. Crumb] did a comic like this: [http://crumbproducts.com/prints_images/sha.gif pic] 
Nice find. That comic succintly summarizes TRP's view of the effects of railroads and "civilization."

'''opposition''' 
(Was unconscious, now conscious?)Are the Chums now able to intercede
in 'human' affairs, unlike their earlier mandate?
:That's exactly it, their stretch in the camp—sorry, the harmonica academy—has modified the terms of the C of C Prime Directive.

'''dropped from altitudes''' 
(Cf pudding above, Padzhitnoff's four-block fragments)

==Page 425==

'''"After the Ball"''' 
Music and lyrics by Charles K. Harris. This number was interpolated into the score of the hit musical ''A Trip to Chinatown'' (1892) during its record-setting Broadway run. It was introduced by J. Aldrich Libbey. When Kern and Hammerstein wanted to add period flavor to ''Show Boat'' (1927), they used "After the Ball" in the Trocadero scene where it was performed by Norma Terris. [[After the Ball|Read the lyrics...]]

See also the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_174-177 pantomime song] in ''Gravity's Rainbow'' (pages 174-175):
<blockquote>"And the lamps in the stairway are dying, 
It's the season just after the ball . . ."</blockquote>

'''Bukhara''' 
Either the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara Emirate of Bukhara], a former country in Central Asia or its [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhara capital]

'''T.D.Y.''' 
Abbrevation for Temporary Duty. [http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/pdf/r614_11.pdf weblink]

'''Subdesertine''' 
submerge beneath the desert or sand.

'''''Saksaul''''' 
A plant/tree native to the deserts of Central Asia, particularly the Gobi desert; it has a very hard wood and is covered with knobs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxaul Wikipedia] [http://www.pbase.com/william_sokolenko/image/68724037 pic]

It may be significant that the saksaul tree is often planted in order to stabilize the sands. Part of western Europe's civilizing mission?

'''Q. Zane Toadflax''' 
(Sounds like Douglas Adams?). Toadflax is the name of an [http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/weedfeeders/toadflax.html invasive plant species]

'''Hypopsammotic... Hypops''' 
''Hypo-'' (under) + ''psammot-'' (sand, from Greek ''psammos'') + ''-ic.'' Pynchon explains the device's function on the next page (426).

==Page 426==

'''beating their prices''' 
Contradicts p. 425 "no further expenditure".
:P. 425 merely says that "no further expenditure for that purpose [i.e. for Hypops rigs] will be approved." Presumably, the Chums have some additional discretionary fund from which to draw cash for emergency purchases such as these.

'''that medium which is wavelike as the sea, yet also particulate''' 
Alluding to the æther theory and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave-particle_duality dual (wave/particle) nature of light].

==Page 427==

'''temporarily lapsing into English''' 
Contrasts with the technical jargon the Chums have been steeped in over the past few days, including lectures by Roswell Bounce (they're only boys, after all). Often, mathematicians, physicists, and their students fail to explain their theories "in English." This little phrase can be taken as a professorial joke, aimed at both the author (for always coming back to obscure or difficult theories) and the reader (for never understanding them). 
I thought it was contrasting with Miles' frequent babbling habit. 

'''''pigs fly''''' 
Lindsay = pig. "When (or until) pigs fly" = never.

But Darby's surname is "suckling," which of course is highly suggestive of a young, maturing "pig," and he does seem to be exhibiting some legalistic _ fascist? _ tendencies.

'''X.O.''' 
The Executive Officer (XO) is the second-in-command, reporting to the Commanding Officer (CO).

'''legalistic''' 
Yes, Darby is now Legal Counsel.

==Page 428==
'''ill-starred Bell Tower''' 
Referring back of course to the [[#stearinery|Old Stearinery Bell Tower]] and the [[#pudding|Fatal Pudding]], and in turn to the [[Campanile]].

:The Campanile picture has me wondering. According to the sources, the old picture of the collapse of the Campanile is actually a fake. And it doesn't have the airship. It's a fun picture, but what is its status? There doesn't seem to be an appropriate place for this information in the wiki, or have I missed something?

:The Campanile picture is an illustration. Doubtful that anyone had their camera all set up for the awesome event. The airship was photoshopped in for, um, color...

::See also last paragraph of page 255.

Cf. Renata's tarot reading on [[ATD 243-272#Page 253|p. 253]], the last card of which is The Tower.

Cf. ''The Bell-Tower'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Melville Herman Melville], a famous short story from ''The Piazza Tales'' (1856) with an "ill-starred
bell tower" for sure. "Glancing backwards, they saw the groined belfry crashed sideways in.", a line from it which echos the picture used for the pynchonwiki home page. [http://www.melville.org/belltowr.htm Full text of ''The Bell-Tower'']

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}

ATD 397-428

2010-08-22T02:00:59Z

Bangorang: /* Page 403 */

:'''<big>Please keep these annotations SPOILER-FREE by not revealing information from later pages in the novel.</big>''' 

==Page 397==

'''syntonic wireless''' [[Image:Columbian1892_obv.jpg|thumb|United States Mint image]][[Image:Columbian1892_rev.jpg|thumb|United States Mint image]]
syn·ton·ic (sĭn-tŏn'ĭk) adj.Psychology. Characterized by a high degree of emotional responsiveness to the environment.
Electricity. Of or relating to two oscillating circuits having the same resonant frequency.
[From Greek suntonos, high-strung, intense, attuned, from sunteinein, to draw tight : sun-, syn- + teinein, to stretch.]

Syntonic Wireless Telegraphy. [http://earlyradiohistory.us/1901ayrt.htm Ayrton Prediction]. Electrical Review, June 29, 1901, p. 820.

'''street-Arab''' 
a homeless boy who has been abandoned and roams the streets.
[http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn wordnet].

'''some koindt of a ''sailboat'' pitchuhv on it''' 
The reverse of the coin shows Columbus' flagship ''Santa Maria'' (the obverse has the navigator's portrait).

'''1893''' 
Columbian half dollars were struck in 1892 and 1893. [http://www.coinlink.com/CoinGuide/commemoratives/1892-1893-columbian-exposition-half-dollar/ CoinLink]

'''Columbian ''Half-Dollar''''' 
The 1892 Columbian Exposition half dollar was the first commemorative coin authorized by Congress. [http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/commemoratives/index.cfm?flash=yes&action=premodern]

'''"ten yeeuhz ago"''' 
Places this action in or around 1903.

==Page 398==

'''nuncio''' 
Casually, a messenger; more formally, a permanent official Papal representative at a foreign court.

'''Evening Quarters''' 
A muster of the ship's company at the end of the day. 
Is this at 1800 Hours?

'''H.G. Wells''' 
Herbert George Wells (1866-1946), one of the 19th Century science fiction writers whom Pynchon is both emulating and parodying in ''ATD''. H.G. Wells was an English novelist, sociologist, journalist, and historian. He wrote series of fantastic scientific romances ''The Time Machine'' (1895), ''The Invisible Man'' (1897), etc. In combination with scientific speculation he developed a strain of sociological idealism in ''The War of the Worlds'' (1898), ''First Men on the Moon'' (1901) and many others. He also wrote the well-known ''Outline of History'' (1920). For more see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.G._Wells Wikipedia entry].

'''jeu d'esprit''' 
French: play of wits. Witticism.
Here, Lindsay places Wells' masterful Time Machine (see above) in opposition with the more flashy and vulgar versions ("adulterated") of time travel offered in dime novels. Interesting that this comment would be made by someone who is himself a character in a dime novel.

'''National Imprest''' 
An imprest system is a system using loans as control against fraud and theft. The most common imprest system known is the petty cash system. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprest_system Wikipedia]. Interesting that the Chums' petty cash system goes
under the rubric National, not International?

'''"Plug" Loafsley''' 
Plug-ugly loafer/oaf?

'''Lollipop Lounge''' 
Lollipop is vulgar slang for an underage girl. There is at least one 'pornographic' magazine called Lollipops featuring supposedly underage girls.

'''Tenderloin''' 
2) A city district notorious for vice and graft. [After 'the Tenderloin', an area of New York City (from the easy income it once offered corrupt policeman). Cf p.334.
From the American Heritage Dictionary.

'''squalid empire''' 
Cf Alan Parker's 1976 movie "Bugsy Malone". [http://imdb.com/title/tt0074256/ IMDb]

==Page 399==

'''indigo... yellow''' 
Clashing-colors motif. Bright full-of-life colors.

'''dicer''' 
A hat [http://books.google.com/books?id=CUQSAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&dq=dicer+hat&source=web&ots=3K_D1BkmBP&sig=xhzWDfgmMitS2mGUzL4ee8MHzTo], perhaps of the style now known as "baseball cap"[http://www.skateamerica.com/store/KR3W-Youth-Hat-Dicer-Black-ID_P15118C62.cfm].

'''opopanax and vervain''' 
Two fragrant, medicinal substances derived from flowering plants. They bloom yellow and violet, respectively. Wikipedia pages for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opoponax opopanax] and for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vervain vervain].
:Though Wikipedia prefers the spelling ''opoponax'', the ''OED'' suggests Pynchon's.

'''contrabass saxophone''' 
A spectacular piece of hardware, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxophone#Members_of_the_saxophone_family somewhat taller than the person playing it.] Pitched in E-flat—if you are keeping track—two octaves below the alto sax.

'''slide cornet''' 
A brass instrument with the voice of a cornet but using a slide instead of valves. Very, very rare.

'''mandola''' 
An eight-stringed instrument shaped like a mandolin but tuned the same as a viola. It is originally an Irish instrument.

'''"tin pan" piano''' 
A reference to New York's Tin Pan Alley. Probably, the tag means to indicate that the piano was out of tune or sounded 'cacophonous'. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_pan_alley Wikipedia entry]

'''anchored by . . . piano''' 
It's hard to imagine the sound of the ensemble: big reedy bass, lots of rhythm from the mandola, the abandoned wailing of the cornet, fuzzy arpeggios on the piano. Like a children's Fourth of July parade, plus hallucinogens.

'''houris''' 
According to the ''OED'', a "nymph of the Muslim Paradise. Hence applied allusively to a voluptuously beautiful woman." <ref>'''The Oxford English Dictionary''' 2nd Ed. 1989.</ref>

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, "houris" is the plural of 'houri', as defined above.

'''Darby''' 
Over 21yo, if he's aged.

'''chanteuse''' 
A female singer of popular songs, esp. in France. <ref>'''The Oxford English Dictionary''' 2nd. Ed. 1989.</ref>

==Page 400==

'''paillettes''' 
2. a spangle used to ornament a dress or costume. [from Old French,diminutive of
paille,straw]. American Heritage Dictionary.

'''louche''' 
of questionable taste or morality. From Old French, losche= squint-eyed,
ultimately from Latin, luscus = blind in one eye. Source: American Heritage Dictionary.

''OED'' Oblique, not straightforward. Also, dubious, shifty, disreputable. <ref>'''The Oxford English Dictionary''' 2nd. Ed. 1989.</ref>

'''"jazz"''' 
The ''OED'' suggests that the spelling here was always more popular than ''jass'', as used on [[Pages 358-373#Page 370|p. 370]]. It makes sense that a musician like "Dope" Breedlove might use a less conventional spelling, as he would be familiar with the term before common usage had regularized its spelling. By contrast, within the "dime novel" idiom of the Chums of Chance narration (dime novelists not necessarily being, especially in those days, the swingin'-est of cats), while ''jazz'' still registers as a slang term, its spelling has already been regularized.

'''Dey high-hats us uptown''' 
They scorn or snub us.

'''Dey low-balls us downtown''' 
They underestimate us.

'''Missus Grundy''' 
Mrs. Grundy, proverbial looker-askance at any improper activity. "[A]n extremely conventional or priggish person" after a character alluded to in the play ''Speed The Plough,'' by Thomas Morton (1764-1838), British playwright. Source: American Heritage Dictionary.

''''ying'''' 
"Yen"? And play/contrast with yang?

==Page 401==

'''Angela Grace''' 
I.e., Angel of Grace

'''Gophiz... Hudson Dustuhs''' 
Gophers, Hudson Dusters. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Dusters New York street gangs.]

'''bushwahs''' 
Bourgeois.

'''slickin up''' 
Gentrification.

'''Mr. Mawgin''' 
J. Pierpont Morgan. Dr. Zoot has funding from the same source that supported Tesla earlier.

'''stanchion''' 
Upright structural member, here part of the El trestle.

'''find it''' 
(Small-penis joke.)

'''time-corroded''' 
Actually, on [[ATD 149-170#Pages 154-155|p. 154]] we learn that when these structures were erected, they were intentionally antiqued, "deliberately burned, attempts being made to blacken the stylized wreckage in aesthetic and interesting ways," a description that applies also to Pynchon's historical fiction with its antiquated language and its generally favorable view of all things black. Though, of course it's been a decade since the shrine was erected, and some actual time-corrosion may have occurred.

'''seeming to date from some ancient catastrophe, far older than the city.''' 
When, what is that catastrophe in ATD, pages 149-170?
:There's more than a hint in the geography. From Central Park to the Tenderloin, on a street where you can smell the waterfront; west and south till you hit (literally) the Ninth Avenue El; south on the El line. Eventually you get to the World Trade Center site.

'''I AM THE WAY INTO THE DOLEFUL CITY''' 
Italian: "Per me si va nella città dolente". Phrase first appears on [[ATD 149-170#Pages 154-155|p. 154]], where it is inscribed over the shrine that the citizens erect to the Destroyer. It is a quote from Canto III of Dante's ''Il Inferno,'' where it is emblazoned over the gates to Hell.

'''triatomic''' 
I.e., ozone or O3, which is a molecule composed of three bonded oxygen molecules. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone Wikipedia.]

==Page 402==

'''solenoidal relay''' 
Solenoid: a cylindrical coil of wire hollow in the center. To make a relay, stick an iron rod partway into the middle. Turn the current on, and the magnetic field pulls the iron in. Attach the rod to the bolt on the gate and you can unlock it by pushing a button.

'''Dr. Zoot''' 
homage to Zoot Sims, jazzman? 
Most often combined with Suit, as in
Zoot suit - Wikipedia. Often zoot suiters wear a felt hat with a long feather (called a tapa or ... By their dress, Zoot suiters expressed defiance, at a time when fabric was ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoot_suit
There is a contemporary "zootsuit" radio station devoted to old radio shows. Historically, much later than the period of ATD here, there were riots in Los Angeles called the Zoot Suit riots (alluded to in, wasn't it, ''The Crying of Lot 49''?)(Edit- nope, GR.)

'''pale''' 
Even tough-guy Plug fears the time machine.
Pynchon's perspective on artificial light, "already harsh illumination".

'''dynamo''' 
Electrical generator. Converts any rotational motion to AC or DC power.

'''Grandmother's day''' 
Pre-Civil War.

'''Breguet''' 
A distinctive fine watch of French design, usually with open circles ('moons') near the ends of the hands. (See also p.140) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breguet_(watch) Wikipedia entry]

'''shimming''' 
Insertion of thin material to make two parts line up. Think of the matchbook under the table leg.

'''revenue diverted''' 
(Why not no-revenue?)because revenue was spent---very cheaply: in only "the simplest upkeep."

==Page 403==

'''gutta-percha gasketry''' 
Gutta-percha (Palaquium) is genus of tropical trees native to southeast Asia and northern Australasia, from Taiwan south to Malaya and east to the Solomon Islands. It is also an inelastic natural latex produced from the sap of these trees. One use of gutta-percha was the "guttie" golf ball with a solid gutta-percha core, which appears [[ATD_919-945#Page 934|later in ''Against the Day'']]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutta-percha Wikipedia]

'''coaming''' 
Bodywork. Panels concealing frame, wiring, etc.

'''undog this hatch''' 
Nautical: disengage whatever is holding the door shut.

'''faith''' 
(Blind, not humble.)

'''nervous organizations''' 
Cf drugs. Cf. sympathetic vibrations, a physical kind of empathy.

'''pillioned''' 
Riding two to a horse.
Refers specifically to the "passenger seat", separated from the main saddle. Also applies to motorcycle riding where the small passenger seat is called a "pillion". Metonymically, pillion can be used to describe the passenger.

'''horses''' 
8 million horses were killed in WW1. At first battle of war, Mons, cavalry used extensively. This was before the war became fought through trench warfare. Shows how blindsided the direction the war took and how out of control it became for all involved. Note that "galloping" calvary has often been associated with romanticizing and glorifying of war in American lit. Cf. Rev Hightower in Faulkner's Light in August. (Recall, too, that Pynchon nicked AtD's title from Faulkner's famous Nobel Prize speech.)
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/horses_in_world_war_one.htm
Cavalry?

'''arrays of metallic points''' 
Bayonets? Appears to be a depiction of the (still future) Great War, WWI.

Or, if we are observing the future dead, the metallic points are the bullets fired, now holding static in the places where they interrupted the living.

==Page 404==

'''shockwaves of the Creation''' 
Anachronistic Big Bang theory? 
I must say that in the Big Bang theory, stars
were first created out of the bang; here the metaphor seems to accept that the stars already exist and "are blown through by the shockwaves of the Creation", capitalized, a common Pynchon touch, as in a Biblical allusion.

'''chamber shook''' 
(It didn't on p403.)

'''not beasts''' 
Airplanes?
Or Missiles/rockets? 'A screaming comes across the sky'....

'''smell''' 
Cf GR on Passchendaele.

==Page 405==

'''latest Oldsmobile''' 
(Dates.) 1903.

'''Candlebrow U.''' 
So what is a "candlebrow"? Consider those phallic ''ex voti'' candles offered up to [[St. Cosmo]]. The head of the candle-phallus, brow shaped, sits atop the cyclindrical candle-shaft and is, metaphorically, the candle's brow. And, natch, Gideon Candlebrow made the bucks necessary to fund Candlebrow U. with the miracle product [[#Page 407|"Smegmo,"]] the "Messiah of kitchen fats" (Imperial Margarine was advertised as "The King of Margarines") [http://www.google.com/search?q=define%3Asmegma&start=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official smegma] is the "cheesy secretion" that collects atop the "candlebrow" beneath the foreskin. [[ATD 374-396#Page 374|Ewball Oust's name]] has similar connotations.

Maybe I'm pointing out the obvious, but it seems to me like Pynchon's way of saying Dickhead University. --[[User:Pomopaulrevere|Pomopaulrevere]]

'''double-domes''' 
'dome' is slang for the human brain, of course. [Amer Heritage] and seems to mean, in humorous context, two-headed or double-brained thinkers...(more doubling motif--as joke?)

:Or possibly a sexual ''double entendre''...consistent with the [[The Sexual Angle|rampant sexuality]] in ''AtD''. Why, several double-dome images come to mind, almost faster than "egghead"...

:also possibly a reference to numerous "mad scientist" contraptions that connect two (unwilling?) patients, hooked together by metallic helmets (domes), in order to "switch" "souls" from one body to another. Seems far-fetched, but in a book dominated by the idea of dopplegangers created by the refraction from Iceland spar, not so much...

:Also a possible reference to phrenology, the pseudo-science of skull shape in relation to personality traits. "Dome" in phrenology seems to refer to a desirable head shape, with the top of the skull large and rounded, like an egg with the larger end up. This seems to indicate morality, reason and self-restraint, in phrenology. Thus, could "double-dome" refer to someone with two possibly conflicting systems of morality, or reason? It seems a bit of a reach. But phrenology is probably something Pynchon would've paid attention to in his survey of the riot of pseudo-sciences clamoring for respect during that era.

'''drumming''' 
Traveling salesmanship.

<div id="balinhan"></div>'''a saloon down by the river called the Ball in Hand''' 
The Ball in Hand isn't the river, it's the saloon. Still, the name does have an English ring to it. The Bird in Hand is a common pub name in Britain.

Another cricket allusion? If so, rather obvious. Surely a straightforward sexual joke.
:Oh yes. As discussed a couple paragraphs down!

Ball in Hand might refer to the "orb," an emblem of sovereignty held in the monarch's left hand in many state portraits; the orb is a small globe usually surmounted by a cross. Or a physics allusion, though anachronistic by some 30 years: the dome of a Van de Graaff generator. The museum visitor places her hand on it, the docent cranks the machine, and the victim's hair flies into an [[ATD_26-56#Page_26|aigrette.]] Or a more carnal connotation, not anachronistic at all. Or fortunetelling. These remote connections do make cricket sound pretty good:

A term used in pocket billiards (especially 9-ball) when a player has scratched (sunk the cue ball) and the player who follows is allowed to place the cue ball wherever he/she wants.

:Given all the other [[The Sexual Angle|sexual references]] in ''AtD'', this definitely has a sexual ring to it. Consider that the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines "ball" as "5. Any rounded protuberant part of the body." It is thought that "ball" is derived from the Indo-European word ''bhel'', meaning to blow, swell; with derivatives referring to various round objects and to the notion of tumescent masculinity. Derivatives include ''boulevard'', ''boulder'', ''phallus'', ''balloon'', ''ballot'', and ''fool''. [http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/roots/zzb01800.html]

<div id="meatman">'''Alonzo Meatman'''</div>
Meatman translated to German is Fleischmann, as in [http://www.fleischmanns.com/products/index.jsp Fleischmann's], makers of yeast, margarine, and assorted spreads.

:Yes, perhaps a cheesy spread, like that smegmo! In 1973, Jerry Lee Lewis recorded an homage to his oral talents entitled "Meat Man" in which he brags of having "a maytag tongue with a sensitive taste." This fits in with [[The Sexual Angle]] in AtD. [[Meat Man|Read the lyrics...]]. And there ''are'' those [[ATD 57-80#Page 73|great balls of fire]] known as ball lightning.

'''they don't like to cross running water''' 
A preference shared by witches, vampires and in some accounts the Devil.

==Page 406==

'''counterfeit of the Timeless''' 
Thematic. Whole sentence seems the sharpest indictment of 'the Academy' as exemplified by Candlebrow U.

'''fatal discovery''' 
Note the contrast with "fateful discovery" on [[ATD 397-428#Page 398|p.398]].

'''''Imum Coeli''''' 
Latin for "bottom of the sky." In Astrology, it is the point in space where the ecliptic crosses the meridian in the north, exactly opposite the Midheaven. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imum_Coeli Wikipedia entry]

'''rusticated''' 
Of masonry, parts of buildings, etc.: Rendered rustic in appearance. <ref>Def. 3a. '''The Oxford English Dictionary''' 2nd. Ed. 1989.</ref>

'''Gideon Candlebrow''' 
made-up founder whose scandalous fortune underlay Candlebrow U?

'''Grossdale''' 
a gross dale?

'''great Lard Scandal of the '80s'''' 
Real event? (There were a couple of 'Lard Scandals" in last ten years but in countries other than Great Britain.) 

Since Gideon had to testify before congress about it, said Scandal must have happened in the States. He seems to have shipped lard that was deemed too "adulterated" to be sold in the US to good old Britain, thereby, as Pynchon puts it with a good dose of mean-spirited humor, "compromising further an already debased national cuisine". What did he use to adulterate the lard? The secret ingredient in Smegmo, maybe?

In [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_5#113 ''V.''] Pynchon mentions the "Great Sewer Scandal of 1955."

'''Christmas pudding controversy'''' 
Lard could certainly be used while making Christmas Pudding, aka Plum Pudding [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_pudding Wikipedia entry], the quintessential British holiday treat. The traditional ingredient, though, is suet. Some families might have tried to substitute lard in the recipe, which would have radically altered the taste of the pudding, sparking bitter fights about the importance of culinary tradition. Could this "controversy" be a metaphor of the effects of American cultural imperialism? Maybe I should just do a taste test...

==Page 407==

'''"Smegmo"''' 
Smegma is a secretion of mammalian genitals [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smegma Wikipedia].

The word derives from a transliteration of the Greek word σμήγμα for soap.

As an "artificial substitute for everthing in the edible-fat category" pronounced kosher by an "eminent Rabbi of world hog capital Cincinnati, Ohio," Smegmo may be a code name for Crisco, a Procter & Gamble creation invented in Cincinnati in 1911 -- an anarchronism or time shift in the text -- and marketed through various ethnic cookbooks, including a Yiddish/English kosher cookbook published in 1933 with the "Hechsher (or certificate) of a prominent Orthodox rabbi, "denoting that Crisco contained nothing animal-based."
[http://www.crisco.com/about/history/1930.asp]

"Smegm"a + crisc "O" = Smegmo

:Interesting(?) sideline: Here in Denmark the slang word for smegma is 'nakkeost' -i.e. 'neck-cheese'. And of course anyone who's seen 'Red Dwarf' will know about the current British use of 'smeg' (Not smeggin'likely, get the smeg outa here! Smeg off!). What do Americans call it?

Smegmo and Candlebrow:
"The initial purpose [for Crisco] was to create a cheaper substance to make candles than the expensive animal fats in use at the time. Electricity began to diminish the candle market, and since the product looked like lard, they began selling it as a food." Yet another Lard Scandal? [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisco]

Also P&G was founded as a candle (Procter) and soap (Gamble) company, making profits from the fat of slaughtered pigs in "Porkopolis," Cincinnati.

Finally, the stock ticker for P&G is PG which is pretty close to one of Pynchon's favorite animals -- PIG.

Cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_525-556 cottonseed oil] p. 546.

'''margarine''' 
1887 saw the introduction of the Margarine Act in Great Britain, which required margarine to be labeled as such. This was in response to the adulteration of butter by oleomargarine (made from animal fats).

Candlebow + margarine reminds me of Camille Paglia on Renee Zellwegger as "margarine-browed" (which I don't really understand).

'''four thousand years''' 
Refers to the time believed to have elapsed since Abraham and the foundation of Judaism [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham Wikipedia]. Under kosher laws Jews are not allowed to mix milk and meat products in the same meal. The rabbi's proclamation about having waited 4000 years refers to the arrival of Smegmo as a non-milk substitute for butter that can be eaten with meat dishes.

'''"you kept hearing different stories about exactly what was in it"''' 
Refers to wide range of urban legend-like attributions as to the origins and/or makeup of smegma that exist especially among children.

There's a resonance with Coca-Cola, too: exaggerated secrecy about the formula, fanatical market development, endowment of a university (Emory in the case of the Woodruff and Candler fortunes).

'''First International Conference on Time-Travel''' 
MIT students held a [http://web.mit.edu/adorai/timetraveler/ Time Traveler Convention] on May 7, 2005. The organizers did only modest publicity, claiming that the event would be reported and people in the future would read about it and decide to attend. One of the principals pointed out that only one such convention would ever need to take place. Vanderjuice's reasoning is almost a mirror image of that.

'''''The Time Machine''''' 
A short novel by H. G. Wells, written as a series of articles in 1888 for ''The Science Schools Journal'', and published as a book in 1895. The central character, ''Time Traveller'', tells a group of friends that he has invented a machine which can travel through time, enabling him to investigate the destiny of the human species. In the year 802,701, where he is temporarily stranded, he finds the meek and beautiful ''Eloi'' ling in apparently idyllic circumstances, but discovers that they are the prey of the degenerate ''Morlocks'', descendants of laborers who have lived underground for centuries. In later eras he sees the life-forms which survive the extinction of man, and thirty million years hence he is witness to the world's final decline as the sun cools. (Taken from ''The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English'', 1988 Edition.) For more information from other source see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Time_Machine The Time Machine].

'''this year''' 
??? 1903.

'''flammivomous''' 
Vomiting out flame. <ref>'''The Oxford English Dictionary''' 2nd. Ed. 1989.</ref>

'''sophomoric slogs''' 
Slog can be a forceful hit and a Cricket term. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slog Link]

'''nooky''' 
"nooky" is synonymous with "pussy" both of which are used metonymically to denote either the sex act or, in this case, women who are desirable as sex partners.

'''1925 or thereabouts''' 
Lindsay's unfamiliarity with the term "nooky" ''could'' continue until it becomes an accepted part of the English language, which occurred, according to the ''OED'', with its first substantiative written usage in 1928. The ''OED'', by the way, prefers the spelling ''nookie'' (the ''Shorter OED'' prefers "nooky"). However, the term was certainly in the vernacular long before it made it into the ''OED'' and is speculated to be of British origin, perhaps derived from "nugging" (having sex) or "nook" which a vagina could be considered, I suppose.

Most likely a simple "chummy" joke, implying that poor old Lindsay wouldn't get to experience the pleasures of the flesh for another 25 years. Considering that the Chums don't seem to age, I really can't say how old he will be when the blessed event finally comes.

:Actually, this seems like a fairly obvious poke at exactly the kind of scholarship we're participating in here-- Miles admits and acknowledges that the use of "nooky" here is an anachronism, which will only be of a concern to readers who were actively trying to get laid in 1903, and the kind of people who look up the origin of a word 100 years later to say "...but they didn't say 'nooky' in '03!"

'''Randolph''' 
(Has he been absent?)

==Page 408==

'''telegraphic messages''' 
(Why at night, particularly? Email parody?) Seems many telegraphic messages were delivered at night, perhaps because they could be picked up during the daytime and many came after evening began.

When telegrams were a customary means of communication, you could send a "straight wire," which would go right on the wire and get delivered promptly, or a "night letter," which would go into a queue for transmission in low-traffic times and be delivered the next morning. The rate for night letters was lower than that for straight wires.

'''"Goes with everything"''' 
Cf Al Capp's Shmoos?

'''a ''million'' uses for Smegmo''' 
Tracing out just one parallel: Coke—foundation of the Candler fortune and the Emory U. endowment—is a beverage, a sweetener and flavoring agent (Coca-Cola Cake a Southern favorite), a solvent (best thing for removing bugs from windshields) and a cleanser (''MythBuster''-tested for polishing automotive chrome). In an emergency you can fill your radiator with it, and used with care it will raise bread dough.

Tracing out another parallel: Crisco, not only the first but also emblamatic of all synthetic shortening, is "ubiquitous in the cuisine and among the table condiments..." It is found in baked products (breads, cakes, muffins, etc.), salad dressings, soups, potato chips, mayonnaise, cheese spreads, peanut butter, cake and biscuit mixes. Raisins are sometimes coated with it. You will find them in most processed foods.

'''in the way that certain odors can instantly return us to earlier years''' 
Recalls Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu in which the taste and smell of a madeleine cookie summons a collection of childhood memories.

'''"There's a seminar on that tomorrow ... Or do I mean day before yesterday?"''' 
Are all the folks at Candlebrow time travellers? Unlikely. This remark seems to be a typical collegiate witticism about classes. Seems about everyone can STUDY time travelling at Candlebrow.

'''Finney Hall''' 
Probably a Hall/Auditorium/Room in Candlebrow U. named after American author Jack Finney (1911-1995), who wrote a famous time travel novel, ''Time and Again'' (1970). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Finney Jack Finney] for more.

'''florescent''' 
flowering, blooming.From florescense. Amer Heritage Dictionary

==Page 409==

'''Gibson Girls''' 
From illustrations of a kind of woman first made by Charles Dana Gibson. Besides certain physical features--see wikipedia---such women were thought
to be 'independent', often college girls, although not suffragettes.

'''"Why you insufferable little --"''' 
This line, paired with St. Cosmo's observation at the end of the following paragraph: "And might I add, Mr. Noseworth, that these constant attempts to strangle Suckling do our public image little good," seem a fairly direct reference to a well-worn trope from the ''Simpsons'' [http://www.snpp.com/guides/homer.file.html#strangle], in which the splenetic Homer, as played here by Noseworth, expresses his no-longer-controllable frustration with Bart, here the increasingly smartalecky Suckling.

Pynchon, as has been widely reported, has appeared on ''The Simpsons'' a couple times.

More than even "Vineland," it seems, this book is fraught with pop culture/low comedy asides. 

'''Wellesianism''' 
Typo, unless he means Orson. Should be Wellsianism. On page 412 the term
''''Wellsian''' optimism' was used.

:Orson Wellesianism seems correct: The scene, an immense inventory of discarded time machines, is reminiscent of the final scenes of ''Citizen Kane'' which show Kane's enormous collection of objects in rows of stacks extending seemingly to infinity.

'''Asimov Transecular''' 
Interesting to find one of Isaac Asimov's time travel machines on the pile of "picked-over hulks of failed time machines." Of course, it would have to have been deposited there from some time in the future.

transecular 
Adj "that is made through the centuries" (Portuguese) [[User:Btchakir|Btchakir]] 16:48, 19 December 2006 (PST)

Rather than troubling to search for a Portuguese word, isn't it more likely that Asimov or Pynchon coined this in a nearly trivial way? ''Trans,'' across, plus ''secular,'' ages or centuries (from Latin [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?l=s&p=11 ''sæculum,''] an age, a generation, 120 years; also yielding French ''siècle,'' a century).

'''Asimov''' 
Isaac Asimov (1920-1992), Russian born American biochemist and science fiction writer. His family emigrated to the US in 1923 and he was naturalised in 1928. He graduated from Columbia University and had been Professor of Biochemistry of the University of Boston since 1979. He began contributing stories to science fiction magazines in 1939 and his first book ''Pebble in the Sky'' was published in 1950. Many others followed. ''The Foundation Trilogy'' (1963) made an international reputation as the master of science fiction. Since 1958 he had published few novels, preferring to concentrate on text books and works of popularized science such as ''Intelligent Man's Guide to Science'' (2 Vols. 1960). And he also wrote ''Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare'' (1970). In his life time he wrote over 500 books that spanned the realm of human knowledge. [http://www.asimovonline.com/ Asimov Home Page] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issac_Asimov Isaac Asimov].

'''Tempomorph''' 
Tempo + morph = Time change

'''Q-98s''' 
FM station? The weapon used by Loony Tunes character Marvin the Martian is called the Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator

'''Flow''' 
Flow of Time.

'''vulcanite''' 
Star Trek allusion? A kind of mineralized rubber.
:a hard, readilly cut and polished rubber, obtained by vulcanizing rubber with a large amount of sulfur or some sulfur compound under a moderate heat (110-140 degree C), used in the manufacture of combs, buttons, and for electric insulation.

'''Heusler's alloy''' 
any of various alloys of manganese and other nonferromagnetic metals that exhibit ferromagnetism. Named after Conrad Heuslet, 19th-century German mining engineer and chemist.

'''bonzoline''' 
Synthetic ivory, used to make billiard balls.

'''electrum''' 
An alloy of gold and silver, presumably not the same as ''argentaurum''.

'''lignum vitae''' 
The very hard heavy wood of any of several tropical American guaiacum trees. In Latin, literally "wood of life."

'''platinoid''' 
An alloy of copper, nickel, tungsten and zinc, formerly used in elecric coils.

'''magnalium''' 
Magnesium-aluminum alloy.

'''packfong silver''' 
A Chinese alloy of nickel, zinc and copper, resembling German silver. [http://dict.die.net/packfong/ packfong].

'''The Ball in Hand''' 
[[#balinhan|See annotations to p. 405.]]

'''safe harbor''' 
Paradoxical, I think.

'''automorphic''' 
auto = Self,same. Morph = to change. The theory of automorphic functions concerns a generalization of periodic functions such as the Earth's revolution.

'''Eternal Return''' 
A fascinating interpretation of history in which Time is a single cycle and once it has reached its conclusion begins anew, and each repetition of the cycle is utterly identical to the first. Perhaps originating in ''The New Science'' by Giambattista Vico, though made most famous by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who used it as the basis for his moral philosophy. Cf. Nietzsche, ''The Will to Power''.

Notice that at Candlebrow, the conferences converged to a "form' of Eternal Return. The almost instantaneous way the conferees can be "resurrected' and seem never to age, makes this form of the Eternal
Return a lot like Never-Never Land. 
A-and perhaps a Pynchon jape at Nietzsche's vision of history?

==Page 410==

'''revenance''' 
Related to revenant, a ghost, a returner from the dead.

'''River of Time''' 
cf "the invisible river, the flow of Time", p.252. Herein a 'parable' drawn from the flowing of a literal river, by some Candlbrow conferees.

Cf. "The River of Time" (first published in 1981 as "Coexistence" in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine) 

Cf. M&D's "in America, time is a river that goes through hell"

Cf. Heraclitus's Flux and Fire Philosophy. [http://www.thebigview.com/greeks/heraclitus.html]

'''Symmes Street''' possible reference to the Symme's Hole which leads into the hollow earth, i. e. a street on the extreme fringe

Symmes Street = Symmetry ?

'''gaslit''' 
Lightfuel motif.

'''St. Louis Fair''' 
1904.

Also "Pygmy boyfriends escaped from the St. Louis Fair" - in the book Ota Benga, about a pygmy who appeared in the St. Louis Fair, there is a reference to pygmies escaping from their exhibit and disappearing into neighborhoods of St. Louis, never to be found

'''''kielbasa sausage''''' 
Often referred to as Polish sausage (which is uncooked), Kielbasa sausage is a precooked, smoked, traditionally made of pork that is highly seasoned with garlic.

also used to describe a very large penis. Judging from the "disreputable" nature of the Ball in Hand, it wouldn't seem too far-fetched to imagine Polish comedians hitting themselves over the head with their own appendages.

'''fantan''' 
Traditional Chinese gambling game; also a card game [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-Tan].

'''"preserver"''' 
Or "life-preserver": slang, a blackjack or cosh.

'''magenta-and-green''' 
Clashing-colors motif. This combination appears in a bandana in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow''] (Viking p. 69 line 14). 
Life colors in Pynchon, it might be argued?, as is a bandana. 
The clashing of (anarchic) life motif, maybe? 

magenta is a color that was renamed for a battle, the Battle of Magenta!
see wikipedia.

There's something else striking about magenta and green: In the field of [http://www.rgbworld.com/color.html color mixing,] these are complementary in the sense that magenta results from filtering all the green out of white light and vice versa. Green is an additive primary (red-green-blue), while magenta is a subtractive primary (cyan-magenta-yellow). This does not hold for some other ''AtD'' color schemes (red/indigo comes to mind, but there are a dozen or so of these binary combinations).

==Page 411==

'''Finding of Unusual Circumstances Questionaire''' 
Also, presumably, known as the "F.U.C.Q." or "fucq" for short.

'''Hawaiian volcano''' 
Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park, established in 1916, displays the results of 70 million years of volcanism, migration, and evolution — processes that thrust a bare land from the sea and clothed it with complex and unique ecosystems, and a distinct human culture.

The park encompasses 333,000 acres and ranges from sea level to the summit of the earth's most massive volcano, Mauna Loa at 13,677 feet. ''Kilauea, the world's most active volcano, offers scientists insights on the birth of the Hawaiian Islands'' and visitors views of dramatic volcanic landscapes. Over half of the park is designated wilderness and provides unique hiking and camping opportunities. [[Hawaii|More on Hawaiian references in ''Against the Day'']]...

'''Zennist''' 
Practitioners of Zen Buddhism.

'''''Caged Women of Yokohama''''' 
Possible: Yokohama was one of the first Japanese cities with the heaviest
industrialization...wherein many young women from the surrounding rural
areas came to work in dreadful working and living conditions? "The early 20th century was marked by rapid growth of industry. Entrepreneurs built factories along reclaimed land to the north of the city towards Kawasaki, which eventually grew to be the Keihin Industrial Area. The growth of Japanese industry brought affluence to Yokohama, and many wealthy trading families constructed sprawling residences there, while the rapid influx of population from Japan and Korea also led to the formation of Kojiki-Yato, the largest slum in Japan at the time." Wikipedia. 
Misc. Like Telluride in the U.S., Yokohama had the first gaslit streetlamps in Japan. Wikipedia.

==Page 412==

'''koan''' 
Japanese. A ko-an is a story, dialogue, question or statement in the lore of Zen Buddhism. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koan koan].

'''"Does a dog possess the Buddha-nature?" [...] "Yes, obviously"''' 
According to the Zen parable the answer to the question is "Mu", which is both "No" and the sound of a dog's bark, thus neither simply yes nor no. See the explanantion given by the Learned English Dog in Mason & Dixon (Ch. 3, p. 22).

'''apricot and aquamarine''' 
Clashing-colors motif.

'''F.I.C.O.T.T.''' 
As Alonzo Meatman goes right on to explain, F.I.C.O.T.T. is the acronym for the First International Conference On Time Travel, but readers of ''Gravity's Rainbow'' will recall also "Fickt" from the line "Fickt nicht mit dem Raketemensch," or "Don't f--k with the Rocketman."

'''hootnanny''' 
Typo? Should be hootenanny, an informal performance by folk singers, typically with participation by the audience. The OED says that it can be spelled either way, and also hootananny.

'''Bohr... Mach... young Einstein... Spengler... Wells... McTaggart''' 
All of these people did work involving either speculation about time (Wells) or other subjects that reached their highest expression in Einstein's Theory of Relativity, which had implications regarding the nature of time and spacetime [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity Wikipedia]. Pynchon refers to the fact that this work was underway and 'in the air' at the time of the novel. [[Bohr, Mach, Einstein, et al.|History and Discussion...]]

Notice how, among this stellar cast of scientists, Wells seems to be placed above the rest (cf: "Mr. Wells himself"), as if the writer of fiction trumped "real" scientists when it came to the idea of time travel.

'''dismissing . . . the ''existence'' of Time''' 
In a 1908 essay, ''The Unreality of Time'', McTaggart said "Our ground for rejecting time . . . is that time cannot be explained without assuming time." For the full text of the essay [http://www.ditext.com/mctaggart/time.html The Unreality of Time (1)] and other information [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unreality_of_Time The Unreality of Time (2)].

'''the McTaggartite''' 
disciple of Mctaggart?

'''neo-Augustinian''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo St. Augustine of Hippo] (354-430), in his autobiographical [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/augustine/confessions/confessions.html ''Confessions''], is credited with reconceptualizing the notion of time in Christian terms. Throyle, on [[ATD 119-148#Page 143|p.143]], summarizes what he terms "Christian time," as a "linear way of regarding time, a simple straight line from past, through present, into the future." See also [[ATD E|'''Eschatology''']].

<div id="pudding">'''fatal steamed pudding'''</div>
Presumably the subject of the "Christmas-pudding controversy" mentioned on p. 406. In the context of Prof. Taggart's disbelief in time and the Augustinian's presumed belief that time moves inevitably toward Christ's return, a Christmas pudding (which, one should mention, is prepared with suet or similar animal fat, though presumably Smegmo can be substituted) is a symbol, insofar as it invokes the birth of Christ, of a pivotal moment in the proper sequence of Augustinian time. The pudding, which context here suggests the neo-Augustinian dropped on the McTaggartite, at once symbolizes the Fall of Man, as well as the McTaggartite's inevitable descent into Hell. The whole arrangement is problematized, however, by the comments of the County Coroner, who describes the outcome of the event dependent on "wagering," chance being irreconcilable with Augustinian time.

'''vertical distance''' 
Of pudding-drop?

<div id="stearinery">'''Old Stearinery Bell Tower'''</div>
A stearinery (probably made-up word) is a facility where stearin is made. Chemically, stearin is an ester of glycerol with stearic acid, or stearic acid itself. The name also denotes the solid component of a fat. Smegmo undoubtedly contains stearin, so the Old Stearinery was a key part of the original production process.

"Until 1863 lard stearin was used to produce the stearic acid for candle making. With lard expensive and in short supply, a new method was discovered to produce the stearic acid using tallow. What lard and lard stearin was available was instead developed into a cooking compound. The same process was later adapted to create Crisco, the first all-vegetable shortening." [http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/The-Procter-amp;-Gamble-Company-Company-History.html]

==Page 413==

'''322 feet''' 
The ''average'' acceleration produced by gravity at the Earth's surface (sea level) is 32.2 (or 32.17405 to be exact) feet per second per second. This apllies "in any direction out to the curve of the Earth, notorious locally for exerting a fascination upon minds healthy and disordered alike."

''Pedantry Alert:'' From a height of 322 feet, you see the horizon at a distance of 22 miles.

'''disordered''' 
Eg clocktower assassins?
:Also people who may be moved to ''knock towers down.''

'''homeopathist''' 
One who practices homeopathy.

'''"the ''lycopodium'' type"... Fear''' 
Lycopodium is a common homeopathic remedy for many disorders. Homeopathy being the introduction into the body, in infinitesimal amounts, of a possibly toxic or irritating agent that ends up stimulating the body to heal itself.

'''sky-brother''' 
???
My take was that he was assuaging any hurt feelings with Meatman by placing him on the level of a fellow "Chum of Chance".

Hmm... maybe Chick is implying that he and Meatman are indeed of the same cloth, not bound by the earthly realm, the former spending most of his time in the air and the latter being able to travel to other dimensions.

'''other Promise... resurrected... two millennia''' 
???
:maybe this refers simply to the Resurrection (and therefore the end of Time); the Promise is that the trumpet (Chick's?) shall sound, and the dead shall be raised.

God's promise of eternal life vs. Time Travel's promise of making you immortal.

'''speaking trumpet''' 
Brass forerunner of the megaphone. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1671RSPT....6.3056M Abstract] of a 1671 paper; [http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conMediaFile.2647 photo] of a ship's speaking trumpet, 1799; [http://www.auroraregionalfiremuseum.org/giftshop/1850figure/source/horn.htm catalog entry] for a replica American fire brigade speaking trumpet, mid-19th century.

==Page 414==

'''purlieus''' 
outskirts, outlying areas; also (OED) "meaner streets about some main thoroughfare; a mean, squalid or disreputable street or quarter."

This whole section is a progress into the outlying areas, the fringes
(Cf. Pynchon's story ''Low-lands'', which takes place at a town dump)

'''millwork''' 
woodwork, doors, molding, wainscotting, etc, but cheap, prefabricated, not custom-fabricted on site.

'''penumbrae''' 
A penumbra is the outer and lighter part of the shadow created by an eclipse. "Penumbrae" is the plural form.

'''quiescence''' 
His name suggests a purveyor of meat, and he does "deliver" Chick to Mr. Ace.

==Page 415==

'''"Mr. Ace"''' 
This could be a nod to the 1946 film [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0038752/ ''Mr. Ace''] starring Sylvia Sidney and George Raft who plays Eddie Ace, the head man of a crooked political machine who intends to scuttle the gubernatorial campaign of female senator Margaret Wyndham Chase (Sylvia Sidney). He uses every dirty trick in the book to destroy Margaret, but she perseveres on the strength of sheer honesty and integrity. Through her example, Ace mends his own ways, earning Margaret's love as a bonus, and he helps her to run as an independent on a clean-government ticket.

It may, more specifically, refer to the old-time radio show called ''The Cases of Mr. Ace'' which had a very limited run mostly on WNEW in New York in the late forties. Raft played Eddie Ace, the sole owner of Ace Detective Agency on 6th Avenue. In the episode from June 25, 1945, Ace described one gangster thus:

:"The face of a small fragile old man. His hair was glossy and deep black. His eyes were glossy and deep black."

Compare this to Pynchon's Mr. Ace: "Glossy black eyes, presented like weapons in a duel."

'''phatic''' 
Relating to speech that serves to establish social relationships rather than to inform.

'''Those of us who spoke this truth were denounced as heretics''' 
Yes, the old Pynchon theme of those in control, the oligarchs, silencing the counterforce.

Taking of refuge in a planet's past was the plot of a Captain Kirk-era ''Star Trek'' episode; the unintentionally transported Kirk is taken to be a religious dissenter; fortunately his judge is one of the "refugees".

'''certain of your great dynamos''' 
Cf. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Brooks_Adams Henry Adams], author of ''The Virgin and The Dynamo''. Pynchon has written of being influenced deeply by Adams, and his ideas are particularly evident in Pynchon's [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki ''V.''].

'''Fraternity of the Venturesome''' 
Mistranslated 'Chums of Chance'.

'''''nzzt''''' 
Electrical short?

Suggests "he" could be a holographic image. Time traveling holograms were one feature of the "Temporal Cold War" subplot of ''Star Trek: Enterprise''; one such manifestation (complete with "nzzt's") is set in a huge dynamo station in a Nazi-occupied New York. This is two possible ''Star Trek'' allusions in a single page.

Electrical short is certainly relevant. The mistranslation is a kind-of short-circuit, then he gets the right phrase from his data bank. Bit like C3P0 in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_wars ''Star Wars'']?

'''You are not aware that each of your mission assignments is intended to prevent some attempt of our own to enter your time-regime.''' 
Aha! A little peek into the True Mission of the Chums. Time to take another look at those various adventures:

* ''Chums of Chance and The Evil Halfwit'' ([[ATD_1-25#Page_5|p.5]])
* ''Chums of Chance and The Curse of the Great Kahuna'' ([[ATD_1-25#Page_5|p.5]])
* ''Chums of Chance at Krakatoa'' ([[ATD_1-25#Page_6|p.6]])
* ''Chums of Chance Search for Atlantis'' ([[ATD_1-25#Page_6|p.6]])
* ''Chums of Chance in Old Mexico'' ([[ATD_1-25#Page_7|p.7]])
* ''Chums of Chance and the Bowels of the Earth'' ([[ATD_97-118#Page_117|p.117]])
* ''The Chums of Chance and the Ice Pirates'' ([[ATD_119-148#Page_123|p.123]])
* ''The Chums of Chance Nearly Crash into the Kremlin'' ([[ATD_119-148#Page_123|p.123]])
* ''Chums of Chance at the Ends of the Earth'' ([[ATD_199-218#Page_214|p.214]])
* ''Chums of Chance and the Caged Women of Yokahama'' ([[ATD_397-428#Page_411|p.411]])
* ''Chums of Chance and the Wrath of the Yellow Fang'' ([[ATD_1018-1039#Page_1019|p.1019]])

==Page 416==

'''ZZnrrt''' 
Cf 415.

'''"irreversible processes"''' 
In thermodynamics, an irreversible process is one in which the intermediate states cannot be specified by any set of macroscopic variables, and which are not equilibrium states. Since the intermediate states are unknown this process cannot be reversed.

'''Squanto and the Pilgrims''' 
Squanto (Tisquantum) was one of the two Native American Indians (Samoset being the other) that assisted the Pilgrims during their first winter in the New World. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squanto Squanto].

Ironic (although Chick means it sincerley) since in this case the Chums of C are "Squanto" and their strange interlocutors from another dimension are the pilgrims. Chick innocently suggests that the strangers from the future just want help (as, like the pilgrims, they have just arrived and are low on supplies, so to speak). It is implied that just as the Indian's helping the pilgrims was re-payed with disease, genocide and war, the payback the Chums reap for helping these visitors from another dimension may not be what they expect.

'''entropy''' 
A term first used in 1850s by the German physicist Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888). It is the name of a quantity in thermodynamics, statistical mechanics and information theory variously representing the degree of disorder in a physical system, the extent to which the energy in a system is available for doing work, the distribution of the energy of a system between different modes, or the uncertainty in a given item of knowledge. In thermodynamics absolut entropies cannot be determined, only ''changes'' in entropy. One way of stating the second law of thermodynamics (Cf [[ATD_219-242#Page 238|page 238]]) is to say that in any change in an isolated system, the entropy increases. This increase in entropy represents the energy that is no longer available for doing work in that system. See [http://www.entropylaw.com/ Entropy & Laws of Thermodynamics.]

'''"It's our innocence . . . ."''' 
Speculation about the motives of people who come from the future claiming to need something from the past. It is a common fallacy in all ages to think back to the past as a 'golden age' and an age of 'innocence'. Lindsay elaborates further down the page: "[I]magine ''them''... so fallen, so corrupted, that we — even we — seem to them pure as lambs. And their own time so terrible that it's sent them desparately back...." Think also of the kind of 'golden age' rhetoric often employed by certain politicians.

==Page 417==

'''"we're totally"''' 
...fucked.

'''"He is not what he says he is."''' 
Pynchon denies Chums backstory/explanation.

In addition, his story would be plausible almost too plausible in terms of the thermodynamic theories of the day, i.e. the Heat Death of the Universe (about which Pynchon has written before: see [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki ''V.''] and ''Entropy'').

'''trespassers''' 
Presumably individuals in the company of Mr. Ace and Alonzo Meatman, whose intentions toward the Chums of Chance are apparently sinister and for their own benefit. They appear to travel back through the stream of time without any kind of permission to execute their plans, thus making them trespassers (or parasites).

The idea of trespass could be thought of in another way too. Miles mentions Mr. Ace knowing him as a 'peeper' who observes the trespassers as they come to his time. We could think of the 'trespassers' as anyone in any time who looks back at a point in history. As such, they are actually 'peepers'. That these seem to have found a way not just to peep but actually to participate makes them more than peepers, in fact, it is this that constitutes their 'trespass'.

Pynchon seems to be playing with how we view history and the past, a theme common to all his work. The Chums, whose existence is, to an extent, fictional even within the work of fiction, are a nexus meant to control boundaries between points in time (e.g. the future and the present, or its past). Historians and other future observers want to use the past for their own purposes. If they become visible to the people in that past, they will appear as 'trespassers' and violators. As Miles says, they do "not have our best interests in mind".

We ourselves (readers and perhaps even more, Wiki authors) are also trespassers from the standpoint of the Chums. We read about them in the novel, which takes us to the past, to their present, and inserts us in a way that is invisible to them. We then write up entries and think thoughts about what they do. We are in their world in some way that to them is utterly mysterious and sinister because, again, we have own agendas in mind and not theirs.

Right: And what about the biggest trespasser of all - the author himself. After all, he's the one who can offer them immortality.

As opposed to Tyrone Slothrop, who seemed to have taken on a life of his own and escaped from the book totally in GR.

'''I see them ''pointing something'' back at me not exactly a weapon an enigmatic object.''' 
Hmmm. Could this have anything to do with the [[Q-weapon_and_Photography|Q-weapon]]?

— – – mmm... does anyone think that it might be just a remote control, and that the window through which the trespassers and the Chums see each other might be just a TV set? [[[User:Sonni|Sonni]] 09:19, 21 February 2008 (PST)]

==Page 418==

'''Trespass''' 
With a capital T.

'''evidence... everywhere''' 
Cf [http://cl49.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Crying of Lot 49''].

'''neuropathy''' 
An abnormal and usually degenerative state of the nervous system or nerves.

'''contracts''' 
With Devil.
More specifically, like Faust with Mephistopheles.

'''Other Units''' 
(So our five gossiped to others?)

'''exhaustive''' 
Cf Trekkies.

'''came to recall''' 
Cf PK Dick.

'''red and indigo''' 
Clashing?

'''Marching Academy Harmonica Band''' 
In this episode the academy goes by seven permutations of the name:
*Marching Academy Harmonica Band
*Harmonica Band Marching Academy
*Marching Harmonica Band Academy
*Harmonica Marching Band Academy
*Harmonica Band Marching Academy
*Marching Harmonica Band activities
*Harmonica Marching Band Training Academy
Its identity is not very securely tied down.
Clearly it's mutable, a kind of mirage. And surely there's a resonance with 'laughing academy'? And a hint of the Hogwarts train in 'Harry Potter'?

Pynchon devotes enough attention to that whole baffling "Academy" episode to make it appear fairly pivotal. The word order variations suggest an anagram _ "ham," as in "pig" again? "MBA," as in academic initiation into capitalism? "Bam!?" Maybe that whole episode hints at a naive, early 20th-century romanticized myth of military service _ boys seeking some adventure story, equated with a goofy lark like a harmonica band, but being thrust into the horrific mechanized slaughter of WWI. All the while, though, the anarchic jazz symbol of the harmonica, that other side of classic American soul, is trying to sneak through.

==Page 419==

'''"El Capitán"''' 
Sousa march. "El Capitán" was played by a military band on the deck of Admiral Dewey's battleship as he steamed into the Bay of Manila in 1898, to "liberate" the Philippines from Spain and also, not coincidentally, achieve access for U.S. capital and goods to East Asian markets once the Philippines became a colony. Thus the references to the "intricacies of greed as then being practiced by global capitalism" a few sentences later on p. 419 is hardly out of place for TRP, particularly when mixed with comments on how patriotic bromides and marching tunes go together. The harmonicas and the comment that improvisation is definitely NOT welcome in marching band arrangements, of course, provide Pynchon's own inimitable caustic/satiric touch; cf. the kazoos in GR. On "El Capitán": see Hess, Carol A. “John Philip Sousa’s ‘El Capitan’: Political Appropriation and the Spanish-American War.” ''American Music'' (Spring 1998).

'''"Whistling Rufus"''' 
[http://hetzler.homestead.com/NBCakeWalk.html A cakewalk song] written in 1899.

'''consecrated''' 
[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/consecrate] "1. To declare or set apart as sacred: consecrate a church."

'''Richardson Romanesque''' 
Style of American Romanesque architecture from 1880s-1890s, named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson, notable for use of brown stone, rounded corners, arches and cylindrical turrets. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardson_Romanesque Wikipedia Entry].

'''modal theory''' 
Context is suggestive of music theory, types of scales and keys of tonal music. However, Modal Realism is the view, notably propounded by David Lewis, that possible worlds are as real as the actual world. Possible worlds exist; the actual world is merely one among an infinite set of logically possible worlds, some nearer to the actual world and some more remote. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_realism]

'''chit''' 
Piece of military or bureaucratic paperwork; context suggests "request for transfer".

'''Bing Spooninger''' 
Like "Bing" Crosby, a crooner.

'''rack''' 
Current military and collegiate slang for "bed"--an anachronism.

==Page 420==

'''every note''' 
Om?

'''say "Wall"''' 
???

'''Yippy dippy dippy, doo!''' 
cf. ''Gravity's Rainbow'' (p. 66) where Slothrop goes down the toilet after, appropriately, a harmonica.

'''Now, it ain't that I wouldn't, 'cause I can but I won't,''' 
'''And I would if I wasn't, but I am so I don't''' 
This sounds very similar to a lyric from Frank Zappa's 'Stink-Foot:'

He said:
"IT DOESN'T, 'n YOU CAN'T!

I WON'T, 'n IT DON'T!

IT HASN'T, IT ISN'T, IT EVEN AIN'T

'N IT SHOULDN'T . . .

IT COULDN'T!"

He told me NO NO NO!

I told him YES YES YES!

I said: "I do it all the time . . .

Ain't this boogie a mess!"

'''difficult vocal feat''' 
???

'''segueing''' 
A deejaying term for moving from one song/track to another with no noticeable break if done correctly. 
Cf. [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow,''] Viking p. 70, line 36, where the phonetic spelling "segway" appears.

'''cakewalk''' 
An African-American entertainment having a cake as prize for the most accomplished steps and figures in walking; also, a stage dance developed from walking steps and figures typically involving a high prance with backward tilt. From this, slang for a one-sided contest or an easy task.

'''draw-note''' 
Note played on harmonica by "drawing" air through reed by sucking in rather than blowing out (insert crude sex joke here).

==Page 421==

'''popularity''' 
Masochistic love of oppressors.

'''''cover identity''''' 
Burden of resistance.

'''unannounced punishments . . . Combat-Inside-Ten-Meters''' 
Points up the Kafkaesque nature of the Academy.

:This bit in re: the Academy-- including the Combat-Inside-Ten-Meter-- could echo the Enfield Tennis Academy, one of the central locations in D.F. Wallace's "Infinite Jest."

'''Lombardy poplars.''' 
A large deciduous tree, reaching 30-40 m tall. They resemble large shrubs, due to their tall, slender appearance. They grow tall very quickly and usually die within 15 years of first planting. 

'''Out the window...''' 
The longest sentence so far in ATD.

'''Chromatic Harp''' 
A harmonica that plays all notes in an octave rather than a scale in a certain key. [http://www.hohnerusa.com/hchromatic.htm Examples].

'''Pitch Integrity Guard''' 
To prevent tampering with the notes in the ways described below - i.e. monitoring any tendency towards the 'Negroid'. 
= PIG - pigs long have held a fascination over Pynchon. 
A-and a Pitch Integrity Guard is a kind of cop, right? 

'''harmonica-reed files''' 
Filing the reeds would alter the notes slightly, allowing you to get 'in-between' notes that aren't in the normal major or minor scale.

'''sucking the tonic chords...Negroid sound''' 
Standard technique for playing blues harmonica ('harp'), also known as cross-blowing. The sucked notes are easier to 'bend' and wail with, so you can get the blues 'third', not quite minor, not quite major. Another technique that helps you get the 'Negroid sound' is soaking the harmonica, which gives the reeds a rougher, more bendable quality. That's probably the point of the 'late night visits to the latrine'. Compare with GR, where Slothrop (at college!) loses his harmonica down the toilet (he finds it much later in a stream in Germany! Gone back home, so to speak). There's a harmonica-soaking scene in Pennebaker's Dylan film 'Don't look Back'.
It wouldn't surprise me if there was some kind of folk wisdom that piss is even better than water for soaking the harp. Pee-culiar.

==Page 422==

'''I.G. Mundharfwerke''' 
Interessen-Gemeinschaft Mundharfwerke (Harmonica-works Association of Common Interests). "Mundharf" is Swabian German for "Harmonica". By analogy with I.G. Farben in ''GR'': the Mouth-Harp Cartel.

'''drifted''' 
Cf. Slothrop's desk in ''GR''.

'''the sprightly Offenbach air "Halls of Montezoo-HOO-ma!"''' 
The "Marines' Hymn" borrows the tune of the "Gendarmes' Duet" from the opera ''Geneviève de Brabant'' (1859) by French composer [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach Jacques Offenbach] (1819-1880). 
The lyrics of which are not entirely irrelevant: 
And if we meet a helpless woo-o-man 
Or little boys who do no harm 
We run them in, we run them in, 
We run them in, we run them in 
Because we are the bold gen-darmes! 

'''into the Latrine''' 
Cf. Slothrop's hallucination in ''GR''.

'''dentifrice''' 
A powder or other preparation for rubbing or cleansing the teeth; a tooth-powder or tooth-paste; also applied to liquid preparations.<ref>'''Oxford English Dictionary''' 2nd. ed. 1989.</ref>

'''vapor bearing...minerals''' 
Rows of mirrors facing each other (thus creating regular patterns, "chaining away for uncounted leagues") have been stained with images formed by regular use: breath, tiny bits of toothpaste or powder ("atomized dentifrice"), "shaving preparations," and mineral deposits from tapwater.

'''A.D.C.''' 
Aide-de-camp, administrative assistant to a commanding officer.

'''but they could find no entries in any of the daily Logs to help them remember''' 
Their situation has no precedent in any of the ''Chums'' novels. They have been betrayed, isolated and brainwashed, and they even doubt whether they are the authentic Chums. The following is not a spoiler: Any elementary handbook of plotting will tell you that they can't just single up all lines at the end of this episode and fly their ship "cheerly" on to the next adventure.

==Page 423==

'''revisit places where destinies took a wrong turn, or revisit in dreams the dreaming body of one loved more than either might have known...''' 
As far as we know, none of the Chums has actually experienced this. Sounds to me like an allusion to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faust Faust] and Gretchen/Marguerite, since this actually happens in several of the Faust versions. Especially in the context of the Faustian bargain they have made with Mr. Ace.

'''None of them...''' 
Cf [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi#The_butterfly_dream Chuang Tzu's dream]: is he a man dreaming he's a butterfly, or a butterfly dreaming he's a man? On the rhetorical level of the story, this passage reiterates the dreamlike, near-delusional nature of the Chums' latest escape from what seems to have become their most dangerous foe. (418: "As if in a dream...").

'''volunteer decoys''' 
Fan-meme. 
Decoy = is usually a person, device or event meant as a distraction to conceal what an individual or a group might be looking for. 
I think this surprising phrase has Pynchonian meaning about the meaning of fiction like the Chums': 'escape', 'adventure' fiction is a decoy from
reality?

'''"At a Georgia Camp Meeting"''' 
a song by a Kerry Mills originally published in 1897.
Became a very popular 'cakewalk' tune. 
Lyrics: 
A camp meeting took place, by the colored race; way down in Georgia.
There were folks large and small, lanky, lean, fat and tall, at this great Georgia camp meeting.
When church was out, how the "sisters" did shout, they were so happy.
But the young folks were tired and wished to be inspired, and hired a big brass band.

Chorus: When the big brass band began to play pretty music so gay, hats were thrown away.
Thought them foolish people their necks would break,
When they quit their laughing and talking and went to walking for a big choc'late cake.

The old "sisters" raised sand, when they first heard the band; way down in Georgia.
The preacher did glare and the deacons did stare, at the young people prancing.
The band played so sweet that nobody could eat, 'twas so entrancing.
So the church folks agreed it was not a sinful deed, and they joined in with the rest. 

''':definition within above definition: 'cakewalk'''' 
Cakewalk is a traditional African American form of music and dance which originated among slaves in the US South. A cake, or slices of cake, were offered as prizes for the best dancers — a rare treat during slavery — giving the dance its name.
The dance was invented as a satirical parody of the formal European dances preferred by white slaveowners, and featured exaggerated imitations of the dance ritual, combined with traditional African dance steps. One common form of cakewalk dance involved couples (one male and one female, with their arms linked at the elbows) lined up in a circle, dancing forward alternating a series of short hopping steps with a series of very high kicking steps. Costumes worn for the cakewalk often included large, exaggerated bowties, suits, canes, and top hats....
The dance became nationally popular among whites and blacks for a time at the end of the 19th century. The syncopated music of the cakewalk became a nationally popular force in American mainstream music, and with growing complexity and sophistication evolved into ragtime music in the mid 1890s. The music was adopted into the works of various white composers, including John Philip Sousa and Claude Debussy; the latter wrote Golliwog's Cakewalk as the final movement of the Children's Corner suite (1908).

'''"deps"''' 
Dep. from American Heritage Dictionary = 1. department 2. departure 3. dependency 4. deponent 5. deposed 6. deposit 7. depot 8. deputy 
barring any other allusion, I think 'deps' here might stand for 1) departures or 2) departments (given words about other Chums above.
:Surrogates, decoys, escape: Surely these all make it certain that "deps" means "deputies."

'''route out of the past''' 
The nostalgia trap.

'''We wish we could tell you about everything that's been going on, but it's not over yet, it's at such a critical stage, and the less said right now the better. But someday . . . ''' 
The Chums imagine "the real Chums" as being engaged in a secret war that demands only one sacrifice from "the people," that of their innocence.

==Page 424==

''''coon' material''' 
Songs and humor in which African-Americans were stereotyped (as lazy, immoral, stupid, vain, etc.) and held in contempt. The most popular coon song, though, was written by an African-American, Ernest Hogan; titled "All Coons Look Alike to Me," it has an ''AtD'' resonance. Coon material was extremely popular between about 1880 and 1910; stripped of the word "coon," a diluted form still appears nightly on your TV. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coon_song Wikipedia] has a strikingly good article. For a partial list of coon references in ''AtD,'' [[ATD_26-56#Page_48|see annotation to p. 48.]]

'''isotropy''' 
the quality or condition of being equal along all directions. For more technical information see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotropy isotropy].

'''presently''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb R. Crumb] did a comic like this: [http://crumbproducts.com/prints_images/sha.gif pic] 
Nice find. That comic succintly summarizes TRP's view of the effects of railroads and "civilization."

'''opposition''' 
(Was unconscious, now conscious?)Are the Chums now able to intercede
in 'human' affairs, unlike their earlier mandate?
:That's exactly it, their stretch in the camp—sorry, the harmonica academy—has modified the terms of the C of C Prime Directive.

'''dropped from altitudes''' 
(Cf pudding above, Padzhitnoff's four-block fragments)

==Page 425==

'''"After the Ball"''' 
Music and lyrics by Charles K. Harris. This number was interpolated into the score of the hit musical ''A Trip to Chinatown'' (1892) during its record-setting Broadway run. It was introduced by J. Aldrich Libbey. When Kern and Hammerstein wanted to add period flavor to ''Show Boat'' (1927), they used "After the Ball" in the Trocadero scene where it was performed by Norma Terris. [[After the Ball|Read the lyrics...]]

See also the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_174-177 pantomime song] in ''Gravity's Rainbow'' (pages 174-175):
<blockquote>"And the lamps in the stairway are dying, 
It's the season just after the ball . . ."</blockquote>

'''Bukhara''' 
Either the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara Emirate of Bukhara], a former country in Central Asia or its [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhara capital]

'''T.D.Y.''' 
Abbrevation for Temporary Duty. [http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/pdf/r614_11.pdf weblink]

'''Subdesertine''' 
submerge beneath the desert or sand.

'''''Saksaul''''' 
A plant/tree native to the deserts of Central Asia, particularly the Gobi desert; it has a very hard wood and is covered with knobs [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxaul Wikipedia] [http://www.pbase.com/william_sokolenko/image/68724037 pic]

It may be significant that the saksaul tree is often planted in order to stabilize the sands. Part of western Europe's civilizing mission?

'''Q. Zane Toadflax''' 
(Sounds like Douglas Adams?). Toadflax is the name of an [http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/weedfeeders/toadflax.html invasive plant species]

'''Hypopsammotic... Hypops''' 
''Hypo-'' (under) + ''psammot-'' (sand, from Greek ''psammos'') + ''-ic.'' Pynchon explains the device's function on the next page (426).

==Page 426==

'''beating their prices''' 
Contradicts p. 425 "no further expenditure".
:P. 425 merely says that "no further expenditure for that purpose [i.e. for Hypops rigs] will be approved." Presumably, the Chums have some additional discretionary fund from which to draw cash for emergency purchases such as these.

'''that medium which is wavelike as the sea, yet also particulate''' 
Alluding to the æther theory and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave-particle_duality dual (wave/particle) nature of light].

==Page 427==

'''temporarily lapsing into English''' 
Contrasts with the technical jargon the Chums have been steeped in over the past few days, including lectures by Roswell Bounce (they're only boys, after all). Often, mathematicians, physicists, and their students fail to explain their theories "in English." This little phrase can be taken as a professorial joke, aimed at both the author (for always coming back to obscure or difficult theories) and the reader (for never understanding them). 
I thought it was contrasting with Miles' frequent babbling habit. 

'''''pigs fly''''' 
Lindsay = pig. "When (or until) pigs fly" = never.

But Darby's surname is "suckling," which of course is highly suggestive of a young, maturing "pig," and he does seem to be exhibiting some legalistic _ fascist? _ tendencies.

'''X.O.''' 
The Executive Officer (XO) is the second-in-command, reporting to the Commanding Officer (CO).

'''legalistic''' 
Yes, Darby is now Legal Counsel.

==Page 428==
'''ill-starred Bell Tower''' 
Referring back of course to the [[#stearinery|Old Stearinery Bell Tower]] and the [[#pudding|Fatal Pudding]], and in turn to the [[Campanile]].

:The Campanile picture has me wondering. According to the sources, the old picture of the collapse of the Campanile is actually a fake. And it doesn't have the airship. It's a fun picture, but what is its status? There doesn't seem to be an appropriate place for this information in the wiki, or have I missed something?

:The Campanile picture is an illustration. Doubtful that anyone had their camera all set up for the awesome event. The airship was photoshopped in for, um, color...

::See also last paragraph of page 255.

Cf. Renata's tarot reading on [[ATD 243-272#Page 253|p. 253]], the last card of which is The Tower.

Cf. ''The Bell-Tower'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Melville Herman Melville], a famous short story from ''The Piazza Tales'' (1856) with an "ill-starred
bell tower" for sure. "Glancing backwards, they saw the groined belfry crashed sideways in.", a line from it which echos the picture used for the pynchonwiki home page. [http://www.melville.org/belltowr.htm Full text of ''The Bell-Tower'']

==Annotation Index==
{{ATD PbP}}